path: root/info/digests/ttn/ttn1n4.tex

%% This file contains all materials for TTN 1,4 (1992).
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE: You *MUST* use version 1.4 of the TTN style
%%                   file, called ttn1n4.sty.
%%                   (Ch. Thiele, Editor, TTN).
%%
 
\documentstyle[twoside]{ttn1n4}   %% Version 1.4, Nov. 1992
 
% 1992.2.27: fix for underfull hboxes suggested by Phil Taylor (CJC)
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\begin{document}
\newif\ifdcr
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\ifdcr%
\immediate\write16{Warning:  the font dcr10 is assumed to be available}%
\immediate\write16{on your system.  If it is not then you will}%
\immediate\write16{encounter errors when TeXing this document}%
\immediate\write16{and ttn1n4 will not appear as intended.}%
\immediate\write16{Please see the file ttn1n4.hlp for more information.}%
\fi
 
%% Cover 1 (for electronic version only). A special cover is printed
%%    at the TUG Office, using the TUG logo block.
 
\pagestyle{empty}
 
{\Large
 
\begin{flushleft}
   Volume 1, Number 4
\end{flushleft}
 
\vspace{-3.1pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
December 1992
\end{flushright}
 
\vspace{6pc}
 
\hrule height2pt
 
\vspace{2pt}
 
\hrule
 
\vspace{3pt}
 
\begin{center}
   \Huge \TeX\ and TUG NEWS
\end{center}
 
\hrule
 
\vspace{2pt}
 
\hrule height2pt
 
\vspace{1pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
   for and by the \TeX\ community
\end{flushright}
 
\vfill
 
\begin{center}
   A Publication of the\\
   \TeX\ Users Group\\
\vspace{3pc}
   Electronic version
\end{center}
 
} %% end of \Large
 
\newpage
 
 
%% COVER 2 (editorial information):
 
\pagestyle{empty}
 
\begin{center}
   {\Sectionfont\TeX{} and TUG NEWS}
\end{center}
 
\vspace{.5pc}
 
{\small \baselineskip=10pt
\begin{center} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
   \begin{tabular}{||lp{9.5cm}||}
      \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\bf Mission Statement} \\ [6pt]
      \hline
      \multicolumn{2}{||l||}{The \TUG\ (\tug) provides leadership:} \\
       1. & to encourage and expand the use of \TeX, \MF, and related
            systems         \\
       2. & to ensure the integrity and portability of \TeX, \MF, and
            related systems \\
       3. & to foster innovation in high-quality electronic document
            preparation     \\
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
\end{center}
 
\vspace{1pc}
 
\noindent \TTN\ is a newsletter for \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} users alike:
{\em a forum for exchanging information, tips and suggestions\/}; {\em
a regular means of communicating news items to one another\/}; {\em a
place where information about \TeX{} and \tug\ can be quickly
disseminated}.
 
\vspace{.25pc}
 
Throughout the newsletter ``\TeX'' is understood to mean \TeX, \LaTeX,
\AmSTeX, and other related programs and macros.  \TTN\ is produced with
the standard \LaTeX{} distribution, and is to be as portable a document
as possible.
 
\vspace{.25pc}
 
The entire contents of this newsletter are being placed in the public
domain.  The source file of this issue will be placed in the {\tt
aston}, {\tt shsu}, and {\tt stuttgart} archives, as well as at the {\tt
heidelberg}, {\tt labrea}, and {\tt ymir} archives.  Copying and
reprinting are encouraged; however, an acknowledgement specifying \TTN\
as the source would be appreciated.
 
\vspace{.25pc}
 
Submissions to \TTN\ should be short, the macros must work, and the
files {\bf must} run without special font or graphics requirements:
this is to be a {\em portable\/} newsletter (the new font selection
scheme has not yet been implemented).  Correspondence may be sent via
e-mail to {\tt tug@math.ams.org} with the subject line {\tt
NEWSLETTER}.  Regular mail should be addressed to the Publications
Committee, \careof \tug\ Office at the address below.
 
\vspace{.25pc}
 
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll}
      \bf \TUG                     &                     \\
       P.O. Box 869                & Phone: 805-899-4673 \\
       Santa Barbara, CA 93102 USA & E-mail: \tt tug@math.ams.org \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\TeX{} is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society.
\par}  %% end of \small \baselineskip=10pt
 
\vspace{.25pc}
 
\hrule
 
\vspace{4pt}
 
{\footnotesize \baselineskip=9.5pt
\noindent \TTN\ (ISSN 1065-240X) is published four times a year,
February, July, October and December, by the \TeX\ Users Group, 735
State Street, P.O. Box 869, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, U.S.A. The
1992 dues for individual members are \$60.00 for regular members and
\$50.00 for students.
 
Second-class postage paid at Providence, RI and additional mailing
offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to the \TeX\ Users Group,
P.O. Box 869, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, U.S.A.
 
Membership in the \TeX\ Users Group is for the calendar year, and
includes all issues of {\sl TUGboat} and {\sl \TeX\ and TUG NEWS\/}
for the year in which membership begins or is renewed.  Individual
membership is open only to named individuals, and carries with it such
rights and responsibilities as voting in the annual election.
\par} %%  end of \footnotesize \baselineskip=9.5pt
 
\newpage
 
 
%% Editorial (pp.1-2):
 
\pagestyle{myheadings}
\markboth{\TTN\quad Vol.\ 1, No.\ 4, 1992}
         {\TTN\quad Vol.\ 1, No.\ 4, 1992}
 
\setcounter{page}{1}   %% to set first page of contents to p.1
 
\Section{Editorial}
 
Well, this is it. Our first full year as a newsletter is complete.
Hopefully, you've learned a few new tricks, found out about happenings
around the \TeX\ world, and generally enjoyed what we've published.  I
must say, though, that reader response has been rather disappointing,
in that few comments have come back. Some would say that means we
aren't offending anyone's sensibilities --- others would say it's a
sign of quiet indifference! 'nuff said. Door's open~\dots
 
Feature article this month is ``\TeX\ Conventions Concerning
Languages'', by Yannis Haralambous (pp.\ 3--10). It's the first time
we've had to compromise on portabi\-lity: the font table on pp.\ 4--5
requires the use of {\tt dcr10}.  But it seemed an acceptable break
this once, and of course provided us the opportunity of then turning a
whole slew of questions on Yannis about just what DC fonts are! See
the companion piece: ``DC fonts: questions and answers'' (part 1: pp.\
15--17). If we didn't ask the questions you need answers for, send
them in and we'll select the most representative ones for another Q
and A.
 
Lots of news, as usual, and something which warrants some serious
thought: electronic documents and the law. GUTenberg is organising a
one-day meeting on the subject next spring, and is collecting topics
now; see p.~19. All the regular columns are here \dots\ and we may add
a few new ones next year. Stay tuned.
 
To round out the year, we've put together an Index of all issues since
the prototype, including the contents of this issue.  Go use it and
see if it helps locate your favourite pieces.  Then write to me and
tell me what's missing!
 
And some major developments within \tug: a new Executive Director has
been named. A \tug\ member since 1984, Pat Monohon is also an
experienced \TeX\ user. Pat is just now in the process of settling in
--- and operations are moving to Santa Barbara. While our traditional
home has been in Providence since \tug's inception, the move is
expected to be smooth and not impede or interrupt things unduly.
Welcome aboard, Pat! See p.\ 22 for details.
 
With Pat's arrival, we also see the departure of Ron Whitney. I've
been working with Ron for the past few years not only as a board
member, but also in connection with organising some of \tug's annual
meetings and producing the attendant proceedings.  He has shown a
great deal of commitment and support for \tug\ even when our recent
bumpy past has made his job very difficult at times. I would like to
recognise his efforts of the past few years. Good luck in your new
adventures, Ron. And good fortune.
 
The other news is that, in the absence of nominations for president,
the Executive Committee had to find a pragmatic alternative solution,
which is outlined in a piece by Malcolm Clark, \tug's outgoing
president (p.\ 22).
 
Last issue I suggested that people who provide support for users might
find it useful to exchange ideas. Another area for exchange concerns
interesting symbols (for mathematics, physics, linguistics [had to
throw that one in!\ts]\ts) which people have to cobble together ---
the Cauchy Integral was one we had.  If someone wants to take this on
as an occasional column, please get in touch with me.
 
And I might as well toss out another idea. We're in a transition
period, it seems to me, between the basic \TeX\ building blocks and a
growing number of enhancements, additions, and improvements. Some
users have all the latest stuff, some have only parts, some have
changed nothing. There's \TeX\ v.3.14 now out there but not on all
machines; there's the New Font Selection Scheme ({\small NFSS}); there
are DC fonts and virtual fonts; and coming soon --- \LaTeX3, just to
mention a few. Almost old news now (but certainly not standardised) is
the integration of PostScript into \TeX: graphics, non-CM fonts,
images, and so on.
 
But \ldots\ what if all you know is ``the basic \TeX\ building
blocks''?  What if you need to get the {\small NFSS} set up on your PC
or Mac or {\small UNIX} box or whatever?  Should you worry about
virtual fonts?  How do you get at those PostScript fonts? Or even, how
do you get at the PostScript versions of the standard CM fonts? All
these questions! Where are the answers? The solutions? The warnings?!
 
Ask yourself those questions. Do you know the answers? Do you know
where to {\em find\/} the answers? Are you worried?! How can \ttn\
play a role here? What part could you play in this? Do you have a
particular expertise which could be parlayed into providing advice?
And what are {\em your\/} questions?
 
While many people have access to colleagues, newsgroups and electronic
mail, many more \TeX\ users and \tug\ members don't have those avenues
of information. They rely on publications, on {\tt read.me} files, on
friends over in the engineering department (you never know!). Can we
take these issues, and bring some order and sense to them on the pages
of \ttn? Or perhaps through a combined effort with both \ttn\ and
\TUB?
 
That's our challenge: not to simply reflect our users, but to enjoin
them to participate, to share their expertise. Remember to renew for
next year, otherwise you won't learn the answers to these and other
burning questions in the world of \TeX\ and \TeX\ users!
 
\begin{flushright}
   Christina Thiele\\ Editor, \TTN
\end{flushright}
 
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{||p{9.5cm}||}
      \multicolumn{1}{c}{\large\bf Did you know \dots?} \\ [6pt]
      \hline
          \dots\ the student rate has now been set at 50\% of the
          regular individual membership rate? That means students pay
          \$30.00 US for 4 issues of \TUB, 4 issues of \TTN, and a
          membership directory, as well as discounts on items
          purchased from \tug, and on \tug\ courses and the annual
          meeting. A bargain, for sure! \\
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
\end{center}
 
\newpage
 
 
%% Feature Article by Yannis Haralambous:
%%    \TeX\ Conventions Concerning Languages (pp.3-10):
 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% This paper can be typesetted in any font, but
% needs font DCR10 for the examples
% DCR10 is denoted as \f
% Font \g can be either CMR10 or DCR10: in either case accent macros
% like \` \' \" etc. should be correctly defined.
%Format=LaTeX_FR_DE_US
 
\def\Contributors{Johannes Braams, Mike Ferguson, Bernard Gaulle,
   J\"org Knappen, Jan Michael Rynning, Rainer Sch\"opf and Erik-Jan
   Vens}
 
\newfont{\f}{dcr10} %% or use cmr10 to print on non-PS printers
\newfont{\g}{cmr10}
 
\newcommand{\Iog}{{\f\rlap{\kern1pt\char'014}I}}
\newcommand{\iog}{{\f\rlap{\kern0.2pt\char'014}i}}
\newcommand{\Uog}{{\f\lower-0.2pt\rlap{\kern3.25pt\char'014}U}}
\newcommand{\uog}{{\f\rlap{\kern3.25pt\char'014}u}}
\newcommand{\Gced}{{\f G\kern-1.8pt\lower-0.15pt\llap{\char11}\kern2pt}}
\newcommand{\Kced}{{\f K\kern-1.75pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern1.75pt}}
\newcommand{\Lced}{{\f L\kern-1.1pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern1.1pt}}
\newcommand{\Nced}{{\f N\kern-1.8pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern1.8pt}}
\newcommand{\gced}{{\f\lower-0.4pt\rlap{`}\kern-0.8pt g}}
\newcommand{\kced}{{\f k\kern-0.5pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern0.5pt}}
\newcommand{\lced}{{\f l\kern0.55pt\lower-0.25pt\llap{\char11}\kern-0.55pt}}
\newcommand{\nced}{{\f n\kern-0.8pt\lower-0.2pt\llap{\char11}\kern0.8pt}}
 
 
\Section{\TeX\ Conventions Concerning Languages}
 
\begin{flushright}
      Yannis Haralambous \\
      Chair, Technical Working Group\footnote{I would like to thank
             \Contributors\ for their contributions.} \\
      on Multiple Language Coordination \\
      ({\small\bf WG-92-03})\footnote{See pp.\ 7--8 in previous
               issue of TTN for description of this Working Group
               --Ed.}
\end{flushright}
 
{\small \noindent \baselineskip=10.5pt
   \it\ldots\ each language draws a magic circle\\
   round the people to which it belongs,\\
   a circle from which there is no escape\\
   save by stepping out of it into another.\\[2pt]
   \rm Marshall McLuhan,\footnote{Actually quoting Wilhelm von
       Humboldt, and his ``strategy any culture must resort to in a
       period like this \ldots''}
   \it The Gutenberg Galaxy\/ \rm (1962)
\par}
 
 
\subsection*{What are DC Fonts?}
 
When I first started using \TeX\ to typeset my thesis (in French), I
noticed that it was producing far too many black overfull boxes.
Trying to find out what was going wrong, I realized that \TeX\
(actually good old {\sl Textures} v1.0) wasn't very cooperative in
hyphenating; as a matter of fact, some words were not hyphenated at
all. Some further experimentation revealed the fact that words
containing accents were never hyphenated! A deeper search in the
{\sl\TeX book\/} clarified the situation: the \verb|\accent|
primitive, included in the expansion of accent macros, was introducing
an explicit kern, which in turn aborted the hyphenation process for
the particular word.
 
So it was necessary to use accented characters, which are quite common
in European languages, as a whole, rather than merely accenting them
by use of the \verb=\accent= primitive.  This has finally become
possible with the release of \TeX~3, which allows 8-bit input, solving
the problem in situations where one wants to use fonts other than
Computer Modern.  Still, a standard 8-bit ``Computer Modern-like''
font was needed, to ensure \TeX's tradition of portability and
structural consistency. Jan Michael Rynning and Norbert Schwarz
undertook the task of establishing a new font table.  Since the Cork
Meeting, in 1990, \tug\ and the \TeX\ community have adopted this font
table as a new standard for \TeX, known as ``DC encoding'', ``Cork
encoding'', or ``extended \TeX\ font encoding'' (see \TUB\ 11, no.\ 4,
pp.\ 514--516). Norbert Schwarz has written the \MF\ code for a family
of Computer Modern-like fonts with this table, called {\em DC fonts}.
 
It might be appropriate to mention that Norbert does not consider the
\MF\ code of these fonts to be absolutely finished --- small
corrections on the shapes of characters may still occur; nevertheless,
the encoding scheme will not change, and the \TeX\ community is
invited to begin migrating from the Computer Modern encoding described
in the five volumes of {\sl Computers and Typesetting} to the new DC
Font Encoding, shown below:
 
\bigskip
\font\twelvett=cmtt12
\font\subsectionfont=cmbx12
\def\tablepre#1{%
 \begin{center}\subsectionfont Font {\twelvett #1}\end{center}
   \begin{center}
       \begin{tabular}{r||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c||}
          & {\it'0} & {\it'1} & {\it'2} & {\it'3}
            & {\it'4} & {\it'5} & {\it'6} & {\it'7} \\
          \hline\hline}
\def\usualline#1{\rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{5.5mm}%
    {\it'#1x} & {\f\char'#10} & {\f\char'#11} &
      {\f\char'#12} & {\f\char'#13} & {\f\char'#14}
      & {\f\char'#15} & {\f\char'#16} & {\f\char'#17} \\
      \hline}
\def\tableline#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9{\rule[-1mm]{0mm}{5mm}%
    {\it'#1x} & {\f #2} & {\f #3} & {\f #4} & {\f #5} & {\f #6}
      & {\f #7} & {\f #8} & {\f #9} \\
      \hline}
\def\tablepost{\hline\end{tabular}\end{center}}
\def\tableinterrupt#1{\rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{5.5mm}%
    {\it'#1x} & {\f\char'#10} & {\f\char'#11} & {\f\char'#12}
      & {\f\char'#13} & {\f\char'#14} & {\f\char'#15}
      & {\f\char'#16} & {\f\char'#17} \\
      \end{tabular}
      \end{center}
   \begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{r||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c||}}
 
\tablepre{dcr10}
   \usualline{00}
   \usualline{01}
   \usualline{02}
   \usualline{03}
   \usualline{04}
   \usualline{05}
   \usualline{06}
   \usualline{07}
   \usualline{10}
   \usualline{11}
   \usualline{12}
   \usualline{13}
   \usualline{14}
   \usualline{15}
   \usualline{16}
   \usualline{17}
   \usualline{20}
   \usualline{21}
   \usualline{22}
   \usualline{23}
   \usualline{24}
   \usualline{25}
   \usualline{26}
%  \usualline{27}
\tableinterrupt{27}
   \usualline{30}
   \usualline{31}
   \usualline{32}
   \usualline{33}
   \usualline{34}
   \usualline{35}
   \usualline{36}
   \usualline{37}
\tablepost
 
\medskip
 
\noindent This migration will consist of:
\begin{enumerate}
   \item adding the new fonts to the system (the Computer Modern fonts
         are still necessary because the Greek uppercase letters are
         not part of the DC text font encoding --- they will be
          included in the forthcoming DC math fonts);
    \item replacing \verb|plain.tex|, \verb|lplain.tex| by appropriate new
          versions (Rainer Sch\"opf reports that the {\small NFSS} is
          already fully compatible with DC fonts), so you just have to
          be sure to get the latest version (v.1.0a, with last bug
          fixed Sept.\ 20, 1992) --- and the DC fonts will work;
    \item taking care, when writing \TeX\ code, to use high-level
          macros for certain purposes involving character encoding:
          \verb|\`a|, \verb|\oe|, \verb|$\Sigma$| will always produce
          the correct results: \`a, \oe, $\Sigma$. The apparently
         equivalent code \verb|\accent'022a|, \verb|\char'033|,
         \verb|\char"06| will produce \`a, \oe, $\Sigma$ in a CM font
         environment but {\f\accent'022a, \char'033, \char'006} in a
         DC font environment.
\end{enumerate}
 
 
\subsection*{Recommendations on certain macro and file names\newline
             concerning languages}
 
\subsubsection*{A few words}
 
All macro commands used in the {\tt plain.tex} format are defined and
explained in the {\sl\TeX book\/} by Knuth, the very author of \TeX.
These macros are a standard part of \TeX\ and this fact guarantees the
portability of \TeX. The DC fonts and \TeX~3.xx's language switching
features require new macros, which will also have to be standardized.
 
These macros are of two kinds:
\begin{enumerate}
   \item macros for accessing accented or special characters which are
         not available in the Computer Modern fonts (see
         ``Macros for accented and special characters'', below), and
         cannot be obtained by the standard {\tt plain.tex} accenting
         macros (of course, any character can be accessed by using,
         for example, the \verb|\char| macro, but this does not really
         optimize readability of \TeX\ code);
   \item macros for language switching (see ``Language-switching
         macros'', below). Since it is now possible to typeset a
         multilingual text where each language uses its own
         hyphenation rules, its own fonts and eventually its own
         direction of script, there must be a standard (and simple)
         way to switch between these languages.
 
         So if, for example, you want to include German or French
         words in your English text --- ``Wagner's {\it
         G\"otter\-d\"am\-me\-rung} was very appreciated by the 19th
         century's {\it bour\-geoi\-sie}'' --- they will have to be
         hyphenated according to German and French rules. To indicate
         this to \TeX, macros have to be selected which are easy to
         remember, short, and universally acceptable.
 
         For this, the standard has basically been taken from the
         standard\break 2-letter {\small ISO}~639 language
         codes\footnote{With the following exceptions: {\tt
         TY} for Thai (instead of {\tt TH}) and {\tt FF} for Afar
         (instead of {\tt AA}); {\tt US} and {\tt GB} are chosen for
         American and British English, respectively; {\tt SB} is
         chosen for Sorbian and {\tt SE} for Sami. The codes {\tt LA}
         (Latin), {\tt SA} (Sanskrit), {\tt EN} (English), and {\tt
         SH} (Serbocroatian) are not used.} as control sequence names
         (see ``Language-switching macros'', below).
 
         The previous example is then written:
            \begin{verbatim}
   \US Wagner's \DE {\it G\"otterd\"ammerung}
   \US was very appreciated by the 19th century's
   \FR {\it bourgeoisie}
            \end{verbatim}
   \item Finally, besides macro names, the files containing
         hyphenation patterns should have standardized names and the
         most natural choice would be to take the 2-letter macro name
         defined in the section ``Language-switching macros'' as a
         (lowercase) prefix to the usual ``\verb|hyphen.tex|''. In
         this way, Frank Liang's file of American English hyphenation
         patterns would become \verb|ushyphen.tex|, while there is
         already a vast collection of other hyphenation pattern files
         available.\footnote{At the present time, hyphenation pattern
            files exist for Armenian, Bulgarian ($\beta$), Catalan
            ($\beta$), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto,
            Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek (modern and
            ancient), Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Kirundi
            ($\beta$), Latin, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish,
            Portuguese ($\beta$), Russian, Slovak, Swedish, UK
            English, and US English; work is in progress on Cambodian,
            Swahili, Yiddish, and Yoruba.}
\end{enumerate}
 
 
\subsubsection*{Macros for accented and special
                characters}
 
Besides the accent and special character macros defined in the
{\sl\TeX book} (pp.\ 52, 339) the following macros are recommended:
 
\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{|c c l|}
    \hline
    \rule[-1.5mm]{0mm}{5.5mm}%
    {\it Type}              & {\it to get} & ({\it Description})\\
    \hline
    \verb=\r u=             & \f\char"B7      & (Czech circle accent)\\
    \verb=\k e=             & \f\char"A6   & (Polish ogonek subscript)\\
    \verb=\v d= \verb=\v D= & \f\char"A4\ \char"84 & (Czech d D with ha\v cek)\\
    \verb=\v t= \verb=\v T= & \f\char"B4\ \char"94 & (Czech t T with ha\v cek)\\
    \verb=\v l= \verb=\v L= & \f\char"A9\ \char"89 & (Slovakian l L with ha\v
 cek)\\
    \verb=\th=  \verb=\TH=  & \f\char"FE\ \char"DE & (Icelandic thorn)\\
    \verb=\dh=  \verb=\DH=  & \f\char"F0\ \char"D0 & (Icelandic eth)\\
    \verb=\dj=  \verb=\DJ=  & \f\char"9E\ \char"D0 & (Serbocroatian dj)\\
    \verb=\ng=  \verb=\NG=  & \f\char"AD\ \char"8D & (Sami ng)\\
    \verb=<<=   \verb=>>=   & \f<< >> & (French guillemets)\\
    \verb=,,=   \verb=``=   & \f,, ``   & (German G\"ansef\"u\ss chen)\\
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}
 
\subsubsection*{Notes}
\begin{itemize}
   \item The Dutch character {\f\char"BC\ \char"9C}, as in:
         \begin{center}\begin{small}
            {\f Bl\char"BCf, w\char"BCl 'k m\char"BCn t\char"BCd\\
            Bl\char"BC\ 't \char"BC-r\char"BCm w\char"BCd,\\
            Bl\char"BCf, bl\char"BCf m\char"BC\ b\char"BC, g\char"BC\
 \char"9C,\\
            St\char"BCf vr\char"BC, w\char"BCl 'k l\char"BCm,\\
            M\char"BCn \char"BC-r\char"BCk r\char"BCm;\\
            M\char"BCn w\char"BCs, m\char"BCn prins z\char"BCt g\char"BC}
         \end{small}\end{center}
         is a ligature (just like ffi, ffl) and should be accessed as
         such; special Dutch (virtual) fonts could eventually provide
         this ligature and the \verb|\NL| macro would in that case
         automatically switch to these fonts.
   \item The Scandinavian character \aa\ \AA\ can be obtained either
         by the standard \verb|plain.tex| macros \verb|\aa| \verb|\AA|
         or by \verb|\r a| \verb|\r A|.
   \item The macro \verb|\c| serves as well for the French, Catalonian
         and Latvian cedilla as for the Latvian letter \gced, with
         the diacritic above the letter: \verb|\c g| for `\gced'.
   \item The Turkish letters \i\ I, i \.I are obtained by the usual
         \verb|\i I|, \verb|i \.I|.
   \item The French and German quotation marks {\f <<  >>  ,, ``}
         {\it do not require macros!} They are obtained as ligatures
         (just like the English quotation marks ``\
         '').\footnote{Ligatures are used to simply typeset the French
                 and German quotation marks as any other character. If
                 the use of quotation marks {\em affects the global
                 aspect of the page}, the use of macros is recommended
                 (as in {\tt french.sty} by Bernard Gaulle, in the
                 case of French traditional typography: quotations
                 require a left guillemet at the beginning of every
                 paragraph and second-order quotations require one at
                 the beginning of every line).}
\end{itemize}
 
 
\subsection*{Language-switching macros}
 
The following table indicates two-letter control sequences and the
corresponding languages:
 
\def\void{}
\def\xxline#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8{%
    #2 & {\tt\char'134#1} & #4 & {\tt\char'134#3}
       & #6 & {\tt\char'134#5} & \if0#7\else#8\fi
       & \if0#7\else{\tt\char'134#7}\fi\\ }
 
\begin{center}
   \bf Two-Letter Macros for Language Switching
\end{center}
\begin{footnotesize}
 \begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{||l|c||l|c||l|c||l|c||}
  \hline
  \xxline{AB}{Abkhazian}{FY}{Frisian}{MG}{Malagasy}{SB}{Sorbian}
  \xxline{OM}{Afan Oromo}{GL}{Galician}{MS}{Malay}{ES}{Spanish}
  \xxline{FF}{Afar}{KA}{Georgian}{ML}{Malayalam}{SU}{Sudanese}
  \xxline{AF}{Afrikaans}{DE}{German}{MT}{Maltese}{SW}{Swahili}
  \xxline{SQ}{Albanian}{EL}{Greek}{MI}{Maori}{SV}{Swedish}
  \xxline{AM}{Amharic}{KL}{Greenlandic}{MR}{Marathi}{TL}{Tagalog}
  \xxline{AR}{Arabic}{GN}{Guarani}{MO}{Moldavian}{TG}{Tajik}
  \xxline{HY}{Armenian}{GU}{Gujarati}{NA}{Nauru}{TA}{Tamil}
  \xxline{AS}{Assamese}{HA}{Hausa}{NE}{Nepali}{TT}{Tatar}
  \xxline{AY}{Aymara}{HE}{Hebrew}{NO}{Norwegian}{TE}{Telugu}
%
  \xxline{AZ}{Azerbaijani}{HI}{Hindi}{OC}{Occitan}{TY}{Thai}
  \xxline{BA}{Bashkir}{HU}{Hungarian}{OR}{Oriya}{BO}{Tibetan}
  \xxline{EU}{Basque}{IS}{Icelandic}{PS}{Pashto}{TI}{Tigrinya}
  \xxline{BN}{Bengali}{ID}{Indonesian}{FA}{Persian}{TO}{Tonda}
  \xxline{DZ}{Bhutani}{IA}{Interlingua}{PL}{Polish}{TS}{Tsonga}
  \xxline{BH}{Bihari}{IE}{Interlingue}{PT}{Portuguese}{TR}{Turkish}
  \xxline{BI}{Bislama}{IU}{Inuktitut}{PA}{Punjabi}{TK}{Turkmen}
  \xxline{BR}{Breton}{IK}{Inupiak}{QU}{Quechua}{TW}{Twi}
  \xxline{BG}{Bulgarian}{GA}{Irish}{RM}{Rhaeto-Rom.}{UG}{Uigur}
  \xxline{MY}{Burmese}{IT}{Italian}{RO}{Romanian}{GB}{UK English}
%
  \xxline{BE}{Byelorussian}{JA}{Japanese}{RU}{Russian}{UK}{Ukrainian}
  \xxline{KM}{Cambodian}{JW}{Javanese}{SE}{Sami}{UR}{Urdu}
  \xxline{CA}{Catalan}{KN}{Kannada}{SM}{Samoan}{US}{US English}
  \xxline{ZH}{Chinese}{KS}{Kashmiri}{SG}{Sangho}{UZ}{Uzbek}
  \xxline{CO}{Corsican}{KK}{Kazakh}{GD}{Scots Gaelic}{VI}{Vietnamese}
  \xxline{HR}{Croatian}{RW}{Kinyarwanda}{SR}{Serbian}{VO}{Volapuk}
  \xxline{CS}{Czech}{KY}{Kirghiz}{ST}{Sesotho}{CY}{Welsh}
  \xxline{DA}{Danish}{RN}{Kirundi}{TN}{Setswana}{WO}{Wolof}
  \xxline{NL}{Dutch}{KO}{Korean}{SN}{Shona}{XH}{Xhosa}
  \xxline{EO}{Esperanto}{KU}{Kurdish}{SD}{Sindhi}{YI}{Yiddish}
%
  \xxline{ET}{Estonian}{LO}{Laothian}{SI}{Singhalese}{YO}{Yoruba}
  \xxline{FO}{Faroese}{LV}{Latvian}{SS}{Siswati}{ZA}{Zhuang}
  \xxline{FJ}{Fiji}{LN}{Lingala}{SK}{Slovak}{ZU}{Zulu}
  \xxline{FI}{Finnish}{LT}{Lithuanian}{SL}{Slovenian}{0}{}
  \xxline{FR}{French}{MK}{Macedonian}{SO}{Somali}{0}{}
  \hline
  \end{tabular}
 \end{center}
\end{footnotesize}
%
These macros can have different expansions according to their context.
Nevertheless, they should stay on a low level (in particular, they should be
{\it independent} of any eventual macro package like Plain, \LaTeX, etc.)
and there is a {\it minimum} number of features they strictly must provide:
\begin{enumerate}
   \item a switch to the appropriate \verb|\language| value and hence
         to the appropriate set of hyphenation patterns;
   \item the correct values of \verb|\lefthyphenmin| and
         \verb|\righthyphenmin|;
   \item if the language requires a different set of fonts (either
         virtual or real), a switch to these fonts must be provided. In
         such a case, the macros for languages covered by the DC font
         encoding should switch back to the original DC-encoded
         fonts. The attribute {\tt codepage} in the forthcoming
         {\small NFSS} v.2 illustrates this switch in the best
         possible way: the font's family, shape, series and size
         remain the same, only the set of characters is changed;
   \item if the language is written in a right-to-left direction, the
         appropriate\break {\tt TeX--XeT} R-mode
         primitives should be included (in this case the macros for
         left-to-right languages should include the corresponding
         L-mode primi\-tives).\footnote{{\tt TeX--XeT} is Peter
         Breitenlohner's implementation of {\tt TeX-XeT},
         the bi-directional version of \TeX, described in
         \TUB\ 8, no.\ 1, pp.\ 14--25. {\tt TeX--XeT} produces
         a regular {\tt dvi} file and hence can completely --- and
         without {\it any} loss of compatibility --- replace \TeX, a
         practice that is strongly recommended.}
\end{enumerate}
%
The role of these macros is comparable to the one of macros such as
\verb|\rm|, \verb|\bf|, etc. Although they can have different
expansions (\verb|\bf| has different expansions in Plain \TeX\ and in
{\small NFSS}), there is a consensus on their effect on the text; they
can be --- and frequently are --- included in the expansions of other
macros; and finally they are part of the first macros a \TeX\ novice
will learn and use.
 
\subsubsection*{Notes}
 
\begin{itemize}
   \item Languages have been classified according to these four
         criteria: (a) hyphenation patterns, (b) \verb|left|- and
         \verb|righthyphenmin| values, (c) the need for virtual fonts
         or use of a different script, and hence the need for
         different fonts, and (d) direction of script. So, for example,
         British English requires a set of hyphenation patterns
         different from those for American English; Lithuanian
         requires the use of virtual fonts; Greek and Russian use
         scripts other than Latin; Arabic and Hebrew are written from
         right-to-left; etc.
 
         If further differentiation (based on these criteria) is
         needed, new macros will be added (for example, to eventually
         distinguish between Dutch and Flemish, German and Austrian or
         Schwitzer D\"utsch, Brazilian and Portuguese, etc.) On the
         other hand, languages which present identical characteristics
         will use the same macro.
   \item Serbian and Croatian are actually a single language
         (Serbocroatian) with two main variants: Ekavian and Jekavian.
         {\em Ekavian} is mostly used in Serbia, while {\em Jekavian}
         is mostly used in Croatia; the former is mostly written in
         Cyrillic script, while the latter is mostly written in Latin
         script. In this spirit, the macros \verb|\SR| and \verb|\HR|
         should be understood as ``Ekavian, written in Cyrillic
         script'' and ``Jekavian, written in Latin script'',
         respectively.
   \item \verb|\HE|\enspace should be understood as ``Ivrit'' or
         ``Modern Hebrew''. It has the same script as Yiddish
         (\verb|\YI|), but different hyphenation rules.
   \item Armenian transliteration and hyphenation patterns follow the
         Western pronunciation of this language (used by scholars and
         by the Armenian communities in Europe and the States). The
         use of virtual fonts is recommended for the input of Armenian
         transliterated according to the Eastern pronunciation.
   \item This list covers only languages and/or scripts used today.
         Older languages, such as Latin, Ancient Greek, Classical
         Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Sanskrit, Ottoman Turkish, etc.\ are
         not covered, and the use of two-letter control sequences for
         them is not recommended. Please contact the Technical Working
         Group on Multiple Languages Coordination for further
         information [see \ttn\ 1,3:7 --Ed].
\end{itemize}
 
 
\subsubsection*{Names of hyphenation pattern files}
 
As previously mentioned, these should be named as
 
\begin{center}
   \verb|**hyphen.tex|
\end{center}
%
where \verb|**| is the 2-letter language code outlined in
``Language-switching macros'', above, in lowercase form. The standard
American English hyphenation patterns file {\tt hyphen.tex} will be
called \verb|ushyphen.tex|. Files for French, German, Dutch will be
called \verb|frhyphen.tex|, \verb|dehyphen.tex|, \verb|nlhyphen.tex|,
etc.
 
 
\vspace{3pc}
 
\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule
 
\subsection*{Correction notice: margin marks from TTN 1,3}
 
\begin{flushright}
       Christina Thiele \\
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent In the last issue of \ttn, Peter Schmitt's ``Hey, it
works!'' piece on margin marks was incomplete --- the printers thought
the examples of margin marks in the form of vertical rules were errors
marring the left edge of the master copy. So, they very kindly and
carefully removed them \dots\ Well, here they are, in their correct
glory. Please accept my apologies for the error, and make a
cross-reference note between p.\ 13 in \ttn\ 1,3, and p.\ 10 in this
issue. The correct output:
 
%% Extracted from ttn1n3.tex:
 
\long\def\readword#1 {\strut\putmark#1 \next\relax}
\def\margmark{$\ast\hskip10pt$}
\def\putmark{%
    \vadjust{\vbox to 0pt{\vss\noindent
                          \llap{\strut\margmark}\vskip0pt}}%
    }
\def\marginmarkson{\global\let\next=\readword\next}
\def\marginmarksoff{\global\let\next=\relax}
 
%% And now let's put this into use!
 
\def\Rule{\vrule\strut\hskip5pt}
\def\bar{\vrule height8.5pt depth 4.5pt width1.pt\hskip10pt}
\def\dbar{\vrule height8.5pt depth 4.5pt width1.pt\hskip5pt%
          \vrule height8.5pt depth 4.5pt width1.pt\hskip10pt}
 
        \let\margmark=\dbar    %% Change the margin mark symbol
 
\begin{itemize}
   \item{} \marginmarkson      %% Turn on the margin marks:
        The mark can be changed by\verb| \let\margmark=\bar|
        even in the middle of a marked paragraph,
        \let\margmark=\Rule    %% Change it again...
        provided one accepts that the line where the change takes
        places shows both marks (as shown to the left).
        \marginmarksoff        %% Turn off the margin marks.
        If applicable, the definition of
        \verb|\margmark| should use explicit fonts. Otherwise a font
        change in the text may influence the appearance of the mark.
\end{itemize}
 
\newpage
 
 
%% New Publications (Peter Schmitt's column) (p.11):
 
\Section{New Publications\footnote[1]{NOTE: In the last issue of TTN,
             Peter Schmitt's address suffered a typo. It should read
             {\tt a8131dal@awiuni11.EDVZ.UniVie.ac.at}. I apologise
             for the inconvenience this has caused --Ed.}}
 
\begin{description} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item [Rames Abdelhamid.]
         {\sl Das Vieweg \LaTeX-Buch: Eine praxisorientierte
              Ein\-f\"uhrung\/}.
         Braunschweig: Vieweg-Verlag, 1992.
         About 200pp.\
         \isbn\ 3-528-05145-0.\\
      $\bullet$
         This book provides a well-structured and readable
         introduction to \LaTeX\ in combination with the {\tt
         german.sty} option.
 
   \item [George Gratzer.]
         {\sl Math into \TeX}.
         New York: Springer Verlag.
         187pp. (softcover).\ Approx.\ \$34.00 US.\
         \isbn\ 0-8176-3637-4. [Avail.\ Dec.\ 1992]\\
      $\bullet$
       ``This book is for the mathematician, engineer, or scientist
         who wants to write and typeset articles with mathematical
         formulas but who does not want to spend a great deal of time
         learning how to do it. It assumes little familiarity with
         \TeX\ or \LaTeX.'' [From promotional material]
 
   \item [Piotr Wyrostek, trans.]
         {\sl \LaTeX: System przygotowywania dokument\"ow. Przewodnik
            \"urytkownika i prodr\"ecznik}.
         Polish translation of Lamport's \LaTeX\ manual.
         Krakow: Ariel.
         Price: 91000 zl.\
         \isbn\ 83-900460-1-6.
 
   \item [Michaela Lich\'a and Old\v rich Ulrych.]
         {\sl \AmSTeX\ verze 2.1\/}.
         Prague: Czecho\-slovak \TeX\ Users Group, 1992.\
         80pp. [In Czech]\\
         $\bullet$
       ``This publication provides a short (but complete) tour through
         \AmSTeX\ 2.1 together with {\tt amsppt.sty} 2.1. Almost all features
         are demonstrated with a lot of examples. The book is organized in such
         a way that it is useful for novices (basic textbook), and for advanced
         users (quick reference quide) as well. Contains a table of all
         symbols.'' [Info.\ from authors]
\end{description}
 
 
\subsection*{Latest issues of other \TeX\ newsletters}
 
\begin{description} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item [{\sl Baskerville\/}:] vol.\ 2, no.\ 1, March 1992, 12pp.
         Official newsletter of the UK \TeX\ Users' Group.
%        2 issues per year.
%        Contact: {\tt ??}.
 
   \item [{\sl Die \TeX{}nische Kom\"odie\/}:] vol.\ 4, no.\ 2,
               August 1992, 64pp.
         Official newsletter of {\small DANTE},
            Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung \TeX\ e.V.
%        Four issues per year.
%        Contact: {\tt dante@vm.urz.uni-\nl heidelberg.de}.
 
   \item [{\sl MAPS\/}:] issue 92.2, 1992, 176pp.
         Official publication of {\small NTG}, Nederlandstalige \TeX\
         Gebruikersgroep ({\small MAPS} = ``Minutes and APendiceS'').
%        Two issues per year.
%        Contact: {\tt ntg@hearn.bitnet}.
 
   \item [{\sl \TeX bulletin\/}:] no.\ 2, 1992, 48pp;
         no.\ 3, 1992, 64pp.
         Official newsletter of CsTUG.\footnote[2]{Re: TTN 1,3 notice
             on the Prague Proceedings: Ji\v r\'\i\ Zlatuska of CsTUG
             asks that orders for the publication include a shipping
             and handling charge: \$5 for surface mail, \$10 for
             airmail in addition to the 30,-- DM cost. --Ed.}
%        Four issues per year.
%        Contacts: Karel Horak {\tt horakk@csearn.bitnet},
%                  Ji\v r\'\i\  Vesel\'y {\tt jvesely@cspguk11.bitnet}, or
%                  Ji\v r\'\i\  Zlatuska {\tt zlatuska@cspuni12.bitnet}.
 
   \item [{\TUB}:] 13, no.\ 3, 1992, 162pp.
         Proceedings of \tug'92 meeting in Portland, Oregon.
%        Four issues per year.
%        Contact: tugboat@tug.ams.org
\end{description}
 
\newpage
 
 
%% Typographer's Inn (Peter Flynn column) (pp.12-13):
 
\Section{Typographer's Inn}
 
\begin{flushright}
   Peter Flynn\\
   University College Cork\\
   \tt cbts8001@iruccvax.ucc.ie
\end{flushright}
 
\vspace{-1.5pc}
 
\subsection*{Dropped caps}
 
\ttn's editor, Christina Thiele, asked me about a problem which comes
up at my work with regularity: dropped initial caps.  I have a macro
of my own to do this, and doubtless others have as well. I set the cap
letter in whatever size is designed, and get \TeX\ to measure its
width, then set it, back up the following paragraph with the right
negative \verb|\vskip|, and then use \verb|\parshape| to set the
remainder of the para with two or three shortened lines at the top.
This is a bit clumsy: has anyone a more elegant approach? I've looked
at two or three macros which have come my way, and there seem to be
several approaches, based on several different design decisions:
 
\begin{itemize}
\item How many lines do we want to dropindent? Most implementations
   assume you want to dropindent as many lines as the height of the
   cap dictates, but this may not always be possible: given a specific
   x-height and leading, you may have to choose your large cap size
   with care.
\item Do we want the large cap to be aligned with the baseline of the
   lowest of the hanging indented lines it is inserted into? This
   looks the most elegant and would seem to be the obvious way to go.
\item Do we instead want to insert the large cap into the first line
   only and have it stick up above the line, possibly quite a long
   way? This to my mind looks inelegant unless handled very carefully.
\item Do we want the remainder of the first word in small caps,
   which was common practice until this century. It avoids the
   raggedness of having lowercase letters with uneven heights (because
   of the ascenders) following immediately after the large cap.
   You could also use ordinary caps, but they tend to obtrude in
   a line where the remaining words are lowercase.
\end{itemize}
%
As far as I know there is no way to get \TeX\ or \LaTeX\ to wander the
starts of the indented lines around the shape of the dropped initial.
In visual {\sc dtp} systems, this is not so much of a problem because
the big letter is just a bunch of dots on the screen, or an outline
which you can wander round. In \TeX, a character is a box, and you can
only trespass within it by manual intervention, which I've always
thought a pity. Is there any way to do this in \TeX\ if you are
working with PostScript outlines, perhaps a preprocessor which, given
the \verb|\baselineskip|, would calculate how far leftwards to extend
the start of each line so that it was a given distance away from the
edge of the letter.
 
\subsection*{The smiley}
 
I suppose I'll have to give the source code for the smiley face I used
last time. I don't normally go in for these devices, but I do a lot of
e-mail, and the use of the ``smiley'' (the sideways smiling
face~({\tt:-)} and its many variants) has become habitual. Typing the
last column it dawned on me that that handy symbol was a short sort in
CM, so I used the following kludge:
 
\begin{verbatim}
\font\tmi=cmmi7
\font\tsy=cmsy5
\font\bsy=cmsy10 scaled\magstep4
\newbox\sbox
\setbox\sbox=\vbox{\hsize=1pc\baselineskip=5pt
                   \centerline{{\tsy\char'014\ \char'014}}
                   \centerline{{\tsy\char'064}}\vskip-1pt
                   \centerline{{\tmi\char'136}}}
\newbox\bbox
\setbox\bbox=\hbox{{\bsy\char'015}}
\def\grin{\hbox{\box\bbox\kern-5.75mm\box\sbox}}
\end{verbatim}
%
There are in fact plenty of smileys around, apparently because the IBM
PC character set has two, but my closest was in the Metafoundry's
Hodge-Podge ({\tt mdhp}) font, which would make \ttn\ non-portable
(sigh).
 
\subsection*{An award?}
 
A plea to everyone reading this to help me with a new task. I want to
collect samples of truly appalling desktop publishing for a booklet on
typography. I mentioned this on the networks some while back, but have
only had one or two contributions. You must all recognise the stuff
when you see it: dozens of typefaces, columns skewed, wrong fonts, bad
or no hyphenation \dots\ the things which make your stomach churn. If
you come across this valuable rubbish, please send it to me, at the
Computer Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland. Originals if
possible, good photocopies otherwise, and if the document doesn't
identify the creator or people responsible, see if you can find out
for me: I may have some tricky copyright negotiations, but I don't
want to change names to protect the guilty. Perhaps some rich person
can institute an annual award for the Most Ghastly Piece of
Typographic Rubbish. Thank you in advance.
 
\newpage
 
 
%% ``Hey -- it works!'' (pp.14):
 
\Section{``Hey --- it works!''}
 
\subsection*{Dollars and pounds, \TeX\ and \LaTeX}
 
\begin{flushright}
   Christina Thiele
\end{flushright}
 
{\def\oldpounds{{\it\char'044}}
 
\noindent In \ttn\ 1,3, Alan Hoenig's report on the Prague Meeting
required the use of the pound sterling sign.  I discovered something
interesting when it comes to \LaTeX: the \TeX\ strategy of typing
\verb|{\it\$}| to yield a pound sign (albeit an italic one), doesn't
work: you get what you coded for --- {\it\$}, an italic dollar sign!
Hmmm \dots\ ``When in doubt, read the documentation'' --- Lamport
manual, p.\ 40, in Section 3.2.2.\ {\bf Symbols} (and again on p.\
157): \verb|\pounds| will give you~\oldpounds.
 
But \TeX\ or \LaTeX, the use of an italic pound sign along with a
roman dollar sign bothers me.\footnote[1]{I posted the query on mixing
upright dollar signs with italic pound signs to the {\tt typo-l} list
(mentioned in Peter Flynn's article in TTN 1,2) and it would seem that
upright pound signs are more appropriate in regular roman text.} Quite
a while ago, when I was printing up font charts, in order to see what
was available, I ran across the {\tt cmu} font: Computer Modern
Unslanted.  Check your collection of font files to see if you have
{\tt cmu10}; if you do, then you have an upright pound sign
({\unsl\$}) at your disposal:
 
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{l|ll}
                   & definition: & coding:          \\
   \hline
   In \LaTeX:      & \verb|\newfont{\unsl}{cmu10}|
                                 & \verb|{\unsl\$}| \\ [2pt]
   In \TeX:        & \verb|\font\unsl=cmu10|
                                 & \verb|{\unsl\$}| \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
 
But what if you really do need the two signs in italics?!  Well,
that's no problem for \LaTeX: \verb|{\it\$}| gives you {\it\$}, and
\verb|\pounds| gives you \oldpounds; but if you're using \TeX, you
need to do some more defining. There's no real italic dollar sign, but
the slant font {\tt cmsl10} has an adequate substitute: {\sl\$}.
Comparing the slanted and italic dollar signs ({\sl\$\/} vs.\
{\it\$}\/), I find it hard to see a difference.~\dots\ or is someone
going to tell me that's what Lamport did all along {\tt;-)}
 
I've checked with Johannes Braams about {\small NFSS} users: you don't
have to worry at all! The two signs will be set in either roman or
italic automatically, depending on the context.
 
If you really want to know what's under the hood of your \TeX-mobile,
find yourself a macro file for printing up font tables --- if you
don't have e-mail access, write to me directly (address in the
membership directory). If you do have net access, mail me at {\tt
cthiele@ccs.carleton.ca}.\footnote[2]{I've only got a \TeX\ file;
anyone got a \LaTeX\ one they could offer?} Print up everything you've
got, and examine especially the lesser-used fonts such as {\tt cmu} or
{\tt dunhill} or {\tt cmfib} --- it's quite interesting what's
available.  For more information on font loading and such, check the
entries in the \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ manuals, under {\bf font}.  }
 
\newpage
 
 
%% (La)TeX news (pp.15-19):
 
\Section{\AllTeX\ News}
 
\subsection*{DC fonts --- questions and answers (I)}
 
\vspace{-1.5pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
   Yannis Haralambous \\
   \tt yannis@gat.citilille.fr
\end{flushright}
 
%% These macros modified from Rainer Schoepf's article
%%    in TTN 1,1:
 
\newcommand{\Q}{\item [{\bf Q:}]}
\newcommand{\A}{\par\vskip-2pt\noindent{{\bf A:} }}
 
\def\StuttgartAdress{\verb|rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de|
                           ({\small IP} \verb|129.69.1.12|)}
\def\StuttgartFileName{\verb|/soft/tex/fonts/metafont/dc|}
 
\noindent The following questions and answers are provided to start
you thinking about DC fonts: what they are, why they exist, what
benefits they provide, and so on. They are aimed at providing
information from the user's perspective, and so are intended to be
pragmatic rather than theoretical. This is Part I; Part II will appear
in the next issue of \ttn.
 
\begin{list}{}{\leftmargin=1.4pc}
\Q What are DC fonts? What makes them different from CM fonts?
 
\A We should distinguish between two things: (a) fonts using
  the Cork Encoding scheme, and (b) DC fonts. Any font can be
  re-encoded according to the Cork Encoding;\footnote[1]{Defined at
     the~1990 TUG meeting, held in Cork. See Ferguson, ``Report on
     Multilingual Activities'', \TUB\ 11, no.\ 4, pp.\ 514--516.} DC
  fonts are Computer Modern fonts, encoded this way --- and since the
  Cork encoding involves characters not existing in the CM encoding,
  these have been designed from scratch by Norbert Schwarz. Here are
  some comments:
 
  \begin{itemize}
    \item [(a)] The Cork encoding is the new standard encoding for
       fonts used by \TeX; it bears a strong resemblance to {\small ISO}
       Latin 1; combined with \TeX's 3.0 multilingual features, it
       allows efficient typesetting in most European languages. An
       important difference between CM and Cork encodings is the fact
       that while the former involves 128 characters, the latter
       provides 255 characters (and one empty location for special
       purposes). This is the highest possible number of characters
       for a font used by \TeX;\footnote[2]{No doubt about it, a
          UNICODE version of some descendent of \TeX\ will be
          accompanied by a new encoding standard, involving $2^{16}$
          characters; but that program will not be called \TeX, and
          the encoding will not be a ``\TeX\ standard''.} these
       characters have been chosen so that the maximum number of
       languages is covered. Another difference is that the Cork font
       tables for roman, italic, typewriter, and small capital fonts
       are exactly the same.\footnote[3]{The ligatures fi, ff, etc.\
       are provided in typewriter form; however, they are not inserted
       automatically.} This makes Cork-encoded fonts more consistent
       than CM fonts.
 
    \item [(b)] The shapes of unaccented characters in the DC fonts
       are identical to those of Computer Modern fonts; on the other
       hand, the heights of accents are quite different from those
       obtained by using the \verb|\accent| primitive. An important
       new feature of DC fonts is that you can generate fractional
       point sizes. Norbert Schwarz has included an interpolation
       mechanism in the DC font package which allows \MF\ to produce,
       for example, a 10.9545 point bold extended font out of the
       parameter values given by Knuth for the point sizes of the {\tt
       cmbx} font.
  \end{itemize}
 
 
\Q What kinds of situations require DC fonts? What kinds of working
   environments would benefit right away from installing them?
 
\A You need Cork-encoded fonts to typeset in any Latin-alphabet
   language, except English and Latin. With CM-encoded fonts you
   will have neither hyphenation nor correct upper- or lowercase
   forms. All working environments will benefit right away from
   installing them, except perhaps an hypothetical environment which
   %
   \begin{enumerate}
     \item[(a)] uses \TeX\ to typeset exclusively in English and/or
                Latin;
     \item[(b)] has no connection with environments not satisfying
                condition (a);
     \item[(c)] will continuously fulfill conditions (a) and (b) for
                a long period.
   \end{enumerate}
 
 
\Q If I'm using \TeX\ in a completely English-language environment,
   do I need DC fonts? I don't expect to receive foreign-language
   materials at all.
 
\A In other terms, you satisfy conditions (a), (b) and (c) of the
   previous question. But nevertheless, you are now reading \ttn,
   which means that you are concerned about new developments in \TeX,
   and that you feel part of the big \TeX\ community.
 
   Allow me to give you another --- less technical --- reason for
   switching to Cork-encoded fonts: a consequence of Knuth's
   announcement that there will be no further features added to \TeX,
   is that he is not going to change the encoding of CM fonts,
   described in volumes A, C and E of {\sl Computers and Typesetting}.
   While unfortunate, the fact is that this encoding does not allow
   typesetting in European languages. Somebody had to introduce a new
   encoding; the decision was taken during a meeting of the \TeX\
   Users Group (Cork 1990), after months of discussions and
   preparation. By adopting this new standard, we, the \TeX\
   community, allow \TeX\ to be efficiently and consistently used by
   thousands of other people, and by this give it another chance to
   survive (remember, the big brothers are watching us \ldots)
 
 
\Q Do you have to have \TeX\ v.3.xx running? Our site only has 2.1.
 
\A You need \TeX\ v.3.xx for multilingual texts (because it allows you
   to use several sets of hyphenation patterns in the same text), and
   for certain scripts involving special ligatures (such as Greek,
   Hebrew or Arabic fonts). Cork-encoded fonts {\em can} be used with
   previous versions of \TeX. By the way, don't you think it is time
   to upgrade?
 
 
\Q Where do I get them?
 
\A In theory they should be included in every \TeX\ distribution, free
   or commercial. If you don't have them, you can fetch them by
   anonymous ftp from the Stuttgart server: \StuttgartAdress,
   file \StuttgartFileName.
 
 
\Q Do I access them in the same way as regular \TeX\ and \LaTeX\
   fonts?
 
\A Yes, mainly because they {\em are} regular \TeX\ and \LaTeX\
   fonts. Actually, once installed in your system, you shouldn't
   have to think about accessing them at all. Commands like \verb|\rm|,
   \verb|\bf|, or \LaTeX\ environments like \verb|small|,
   \verb|verbatim| will automatically call DC fonts instead of
   CM ones.
 
\end{list}
 
 
\subsection*{Lollipop now available}
 
\vspace{-1.5pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
   Victor Eijkhout \\
   \tt eijkhout@cs.utk.edu
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent We all know that in \TeX\ any layout is programmable.
Unfortunately, for the people who actually know what to program,
\TeX\ macro writing is usually too hard. In fact, it is often hard for
seasoned programmers. The Lollipop format tries to bridge this gap.
 
Lollipop is a macro package that gives the user powerful tools for
programming macros for lists, headings, output routines and a number
of other things. The Lollipop macros take the specifications for a
macro, and then construct that macro: it is a package for writing
macros.\footnote[1]{[Lollipop was also the subject of a paper presented
at the TUG'92 meeting in Portland, Oregon; see \TUB\ 13, no.\ 3,
pp.\ 341--346 --Ed.]}
 
\subsubsection{About this release}
 
Lollipop is not finished (the first public release was in October
1992, the current version 0.93 is dated November 1992), but it
is already quite powerful.\footnote[2]{It was used to typeset my book
{\sl \TeX\ by Topic\/}, for instance. I suggest that anyone who is
interested should format the manual and have a look at the examples in
it.  They document the current power of Lollipop.}
 
Since Lollipop is still under development I will be very accessible
for questions, bug reports and suggestions --- e-mail is preferred.
And I will be flattered if you actually use Lollipop, but beware that
changes may occur in future versions.
 
Lollipop can be ftp'd from the directory {\tt /pub/eijkhout/tex} on
{\tt cs.utk.edu} (log in as `anonymous'), where it is stored as {\tt
lollipop.tar.Z}. Uncompress and {\tt tar -fx} it. It is also available
by e-mail from {\tt listserv@hearn.bitnet}; send the message: {\tt GET
LOLLIPOP PACKAGE}.
 
Like a lot of \TeX ware, Lollipop is free. Make and give away all the
copies that you want. Just don't ask money for it, other than
reasonable expenses such as for duplicating discs or photocopying the
manual. Share and enjoy!
 
 
\subsection*{NTG's MAPS bibliography database now available}
 
\begin{flushright}
   Gerard van Nes\\
   \tt vannes@ecn.nl
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent MAPS (Minutes and APpendiceS) is the informal newsletter of
the Dutch \TeX{} User Group (\ntg). Starting with 1992, the
corresponding {\tt maps.bib} file is available by anonymous ftp (and
e-mail) from {\tt archive.cs.ruu.nl} in directory {\tt pub/tex/ntg},
or by e-mail from the \ntg\ fileserver {\tt tex-nl@nic.surfnet.nl}.
 
As most readers of \ttn\ know, the \TUB\ bibliography file
\verb|tugboat.bib|, covering the years 1980--1992, is already
available by anonymous ftp to \verb|ftp.math.utah.edu| in directory
\verb|pub/tex/pub/tugboat|. It can also be found with a large
collection of other bibliographies and bibliography tools in
\verb|pub/tex/bib|.
 
Other Local User Groups are urgently requested to make their own
{\tt .bib} files also available to the whole \TeX\ community. Including
abstract fields would be especially welcome in order to inform
interested users about the contents of the local articles. Ftp and/or
e-mail addresses for the local {\tt .bib} files should be forwarded to
the editor of \ttn\ ({\tt cthiele@ccs.carleton.ca}). Examples of the
bibliography files can be found in {\tt tugboat.bib} or {\tt
maps.bib}.
 
 
\subsection*{TUGlib archive --- update}
 
\vspace{-1.5pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
   Nelson H.F.\ Beebe\\
   University of Utah \\
   \tt beebe@math.utah.edu
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent The TUGlib server on \verb|math.utah.edu| provides
electronic mail access to the TUGlib archives. Besides giving access
to a large collection of \TeX{} files and support software, this
server makes the entire \verb|anonymous ftp| collection on
\verb|ftp.math.utah.edu| available as well. This includes software for
{\small UNIX}, {\small VAX VMS}, and the {\small IBM PC}.
 
If you have Internet \verb|anonymous ftp| capability, you should {\em
always\/} use that in preference to electronic mail, because it is
faster and much more convenient. Sun workstation users may enjoy
\verb|ftptool|, available via \verb|anonymous ftp| to
\verb|sunsite.unc.edu| from the directory \verb|pub/X11/Openlook|. At
the time of writing, the current version of \verb|ftptool| is in the
file \verb|Ftptool4.3.tar.Z|. \verb|Ftptool| provides a graphical
user interface to the \verb|ftp| program, with point-and-click
operations for login, directory listings, moving around in the
directory tree, viewing of documentation files, and file transfers.
 
The \verb|anonymous ftp| server on \verb|ftp.math.utah.edu| is a new
program that offers the ability to fetch an entire subtree in {\small
UNIX} \verb|tar|, or in compressed \verb|tar.Z|, Info-ZIP \verb|zip|,
and Dhesi \verb|zoo| formats.  The compression reduces the network
transfer overhead, while the archive formats preserve file protections
and time stamps, and support a file directory hierarchy.  The
top-level \verb|README| file provides further details, and the
\verb|IAFA*| files follow Internet \verb|anonymous ftp| archive
guidelines for providing information about the archives.
 
If you only have electronic mail access, then to get started with
TUGlib, send a message with the text \verb|help| to
\verb|tuglib@math.utah.edu|. This will return enough information for
you to understand how the server works. A typical request for the
index to a directory is \verb|send index from tex/bib|, and a request
for a specific file, \verb|send tugboat.bib from tex/bib|. Several
requests can be sent in a single message.
 
TUGlib also supports queries of the \tug\ membership list; for
details, consult the help response message.
 
 
\subsection*{New list for METAFONT users and afficionados}
 
\begin{flushright}
   Yannis Haralambous \\
   \tt yannis@gat.citilille.fr
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent The programming language \MF\ is a faithful companion to
\TeX. To use \TeX, you must have some notions of it; this is not the
case for \MF\@. Many people use it inside batch mode processes to
create missing fonts, without ever having looked inside a \verb|.mf|
file. Other people --- adventurers --- have ignored Knuth's warning on
p.\ viii of the \MF\ book, and have inevitably become hooked by \MF\@.
Thanks to the French-speaking \TeX\ Users Group {\sl GUTenberg} a new
e-mail discussion list has been created,
 
\begin{enumerate} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item as a means of communication between hooked \MF ers;
   \item as a way to bring the `rest of us' closer to them;
   \item as a means to get quick and efficient answers to questions
         such as
        \begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
           \item why do I always get a \verb|.2602gf| file?
           \item what is a ``strange path'' and what can I do to avoid
                 it?
           \item is there a way to go from \MF\ to PostScript and
                 vice-versa?
           \item where can I find a Stempel Garamond font written in
                 \MF?
           \item what is meta-ness?
        \end{itemize}
   \item and finally, as a first step to encourage people to undertake
         \MF ing, and {\bf start a new post-Computer Modern era of
         \MF!}
\end{enumerate}
%
To subscribe to this list, send the following two lines to
\verb|listserv@ens.fr| on the Internet:
 
\verb|SUBSCRIBE METAFONT| $<$Your name and affiliation$>$
 
\verb|SET METAFONT MAIL ACK|
 
The address of the list is {\tt metafont@ens.fr} (at the notorious
\'Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure de Paris). Owner of the list is Jacques
Beigbeder ({\tt beig@ens.fr}), coordinator is Yannis Haralambous ({\tt
yannis@gat.citilille.fr}). Language of the list is English;
intelligent mottos are encouraged. {\small FAQ} files will be written
from time to time; their location and contents will be announced
through the list. Come and join us!
 
\vspace{-1pc}
 
%% News from Around... (p.20):
 
\Section{News from Around \ldots}
 
\subsection*{Electronic documents and the law}
 
\vspace{-1.5pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
   Jacques Andr\'e \\
   \tt Jacques.Andre@IRISA.FR
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent {\small AFCET}'s ``Technical Committee on Electronic
Documents'' is organising a 1-day meeting (for some time in the
Spring) on the issue of electronic documents and the law in France.
The Committee is looking for questions and topics which computer
scientists, specialists in the management of electronic documents,
editors, word processing personnel, and others would likely ask. Some
sample situations:
 
\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item Can I copy a friend's fonts and use them: for personal stuff
         (e.g., correspondence)? to produce a publication which is
         free? to produce a book for sale?
 
   \item I've written a book and provided the publisher with a disc
         containing both the source file and the style file (e.g.,
         {\small DSSSL}, \LaTeX\ or Framemaker, a style sheet for
         Word, etc.).\\
         -- Do I retain copyright over the style, and if so, on what
            grounds?\\
         -- Can the publisher re-use my style file for another book?\\
         -- Let's say that I have some original things in the style
            file. How can I prevent the editor from reading it (and
            eventually copying it)?
 
   \item I've bought a hypertext disc on twentieth-century painting.
         Can I delete the files on it and replace them with my own
         files on, say, grasshoppers and distribute it to my students
         taking African ecology?
 
   \item Can I sell a syntax checker which:\\
         -- uses a database I've built by using a {\small CD-ROM}
            version of the Oxford English Dictionary ({\small OED})?\\
         -- directly access the {\small OED} on {\small CD-ROM}, which
            I require potential clients to purchase separately?
\end{itemize}
%
Send your questions and problem situations --- even if you think it's
too old-hat or silly --- to:
 
\begin{tabular}{ll}
   Jacques Andr\'e           & e-mail: \tt jandre@irisa.fr \\
   \small IRISA/INRIA-Rennes & Tel: (33) 99 84 73 50       \\
   Campus de Beaulieu        & \fax: (33) 99 38 38 32      \\
   F-35042 Rennes cedex, France &                          \\
\end{tabular}
 
 
%% Reports on Meetings (p.21):
 
\Section{Reports on Meetings}
 
\subsection*{UK\TeX UG: 14 October AGM}
 
\vspace{-1.5pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
   R.A.\ Bailey\\
   UK \TeX\ Users' Group
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent At the recent Annual General Meeting of the UK \TeX\ Users'
Group, held on October 14th, elections were held and the {\small
UKTUG} committee now consists of P.\ Abbott (Chair), R.A.\ Bailey
(Committee Secretary), S.\ Brooks ({\sl Baskerville\/} editor), D.\
Eckersley, R.\ Fairbairns, I.W.\ Hall (Treasurer), D.\ Murphy
(Membership Secretary), D.\ Penfold (Membership Secretary), J.\ Petts,
S.P.Q.\ Rahtz, P.\ Taylor (Acting Chair), and G.\ Toal.
 
After the {\small AGM} there was an ordinary meeting entitled
``Something completely different and yet integrated''. R.A.\ Bailey,
C.A.\ Rowley and D.V.J.\ Murphy spoke about using \TeX, \LaTeX,
\AmSTeX, \AmSLaTeX\ and L\AmSTeX\ to word-process and typeset
mathematical documents. After tea, D.\ Osborne showed participants how
to access the Aston Archive using Internet tools.
 
The UK \TeX\ Users' Group will be establishing a fund to be called the
Cathy Booth Memorial Fund. The Fund will be used to support education
and research in electronic publishing in general and in the use and
development of \TeX\ and its relatives in particular, and for other
charitable purposes concerned with education. {\small UKTUG} will be
requesting donations to the {\small CBMF} some time within the next
six months.
 
Upcoming meetings are tentatively planned for January or February,
March, and May (details to be announced later).
 
 
\subsection*{NTG in 1993: 11th Meeting}
 
\vspace{-1.5pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
   Gerard van Nes\\
   Secretary, NTG
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent The 11th Dutch \TeX{} Users Group Meeting will be held on
June 10, 1993 at the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute in the heart
of Holland: De Bilt.
 
The topic of this one-day meeting will be ``From Font To Book''. Rein
Smedinga (Computer Science Groningen) will explain how to create a
book using \LaTeX{}. Physicist Lambrecht Kok (director of Coulomb
Press Leiden) will speak about his publishing experience.
 
In addition, famous font designers will discuss all the in's and out's
of fonts. \ntg\ president Kees van der Laan will outline the history
of the \ntg's five years of existence, and will look into the future.
 
For detailed information, contact Theo Jurriens, {\tt
taj@astro.rug.nl}.
 
\newpage
 
%% Board Activities (pp.22--23):
 
\Section{TUG Board Activities}
 
\subsection*{New TUG Executive Director named}
 
\vspace{-1.5pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
    Malcolm Clark \\
    \tug\ President
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent Patricia Monohon has been appointed as \tug's new Executive
Director. She takes over from Ron Whitney, who has served \tug\ since
1989, first as production assistant for \TUB, and then as \tug's
Business Manager. His plans for the future include consulting,
freelance programming, and raising a child.
 
Pat is currently a \TeX\ consultant and supports the Center for Remote
Sensing and Environmental Optics at the University of California,
Santa Barbara. She was instrumental in the formation of the Santa
Barbara Area \TeX\ Users Group. She currently teaches classes in both
\TeX\ and \LaTeX\ on the {\small UCSB} campus. Before this she was
employed at the European Organization for Nuclear Research ({\small
CERN}) in Geneva, where she installed \TeX\ on a wide range of
platforms, and provided a variety of other support roles, from the
creation of macros through to instruction of personnel.
 
She also spent some time at the International Institute for Applied
Systems in Laxenburg, Austria, where she edited conference
proceedings, research papers and books, activities which she has since
pursued in a freelance capacity. Prior to that, Pat was administrative
services manager in the Math Dept.\ at the University of Washington.
 
She therefore comes to \tug\ with a proven record in administration,
\TeX\ support, the organisation of volunteers, and the editing and
typesetting of books and journals. In addition, Pat has a working
knowledge of French and German, a by-product of her years spent in
Europe.
 
Pat is well known to many in the \TeX\ world. She has been using \TeX\
since 1982, and became a member of \tug\ in 1984. She has attended
many of the annual \tug\ conferences held in Europe. I am very pleased
to welcome her aboard.
 
 
\subsection*{A new TUG President, too}
 
\vspace{-1.5pc}
 
\begin{flushright}
    Malcolm Clark \\
    \tug\ President
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent Christina Thiele has been elected President of the
\TeX\ Users Group. She will take over on January 1st, 1993, for a
two-and-a-half year term of office.
 
This was a somewhat unusual election. You will probably have realised
that you did not receive a list of candidates and a ballot slip. The
intended procedure was that candidates would be nominated from the
membership, and a `normal' democratic postal voting system would swing
into action. Sadly, by the due date, no candidates had appeared. This
was quite a worry, especially to me, since I might conceivably have to
continue longer as President, something I had not bargained for. We
might argue that the Vice President would take over on January 1st,
but Ken Dreyhaupt was unable to take on this position. We were
therefore left in a rather awkward position. Exercising our executive
powers, the Executive Committee devised the following scheme: we
would, in the first instance, invite members of the Board to put
themselves forward for election to the office; in so doing we stressed
the importance of the post, the fact that they were already elected
members, and that they had been elected to serve the membership --- in
other words, we appealed to their better nature and honour; failing
this we would have coerced, cajoled or conscripted more widely.
 
Fortunately there were two honourable Board members who felt the call
to serve. I don't want to make light of this: not every Board member
is in a position to take on the role of President, but their
contribution on the Board may be very valuable and significant. Both
Christina Thiele and Mimi Jett stepped forward. We then circulated
`position statements' or `manifestos' from the two candidates to all
members of the Board, and voted, by e-mail, with the result that
Christina was elected President.
 
Why didn't we circulate this information to the membership, and
proceed with a more normal election? We were running out of time.  At
the time it was evident that no candidates were forthcoming, we had no
contingency plan --- something the election procedures committee will
be examining in the future. Why there should have been no candidates
is another question --- in all modesty I assume it is because I am
such a hard act to follow. The time taken to discuss and circulate a
plausible substitute procedure, then find a volunteer, and provide a
decent period for voting, meant that we were close to the end of
November before the votes could be collected and counted. Had we
decided to adopt a postal vote of all members, we might easily have
been well into January before the results could be announced.
 
I don't pretend that this is the best possible procedure which can
have been erected. I think however it was a reasonably fair procedure.
I do regret that we were left with insufficient time to advise the
whole membership of the activities. But there are times when
leadership must be exercised. I am particularly encouraged that I, for
one, would have been happy to see either candidate as President. They
both have proven, excellent records in the group, and outside.
 
We have a new, capable President, and we have a new capable Executive
Director. They are both women: things are definitely improving!
 
\newpage
 
 
%% TUG Courses for 1993 (p.24):
 
\Section{\Large\bf \TeX\ Users Group \\
                   1993 Course Schedule}
 
\vspace{-.5pc}
 
\noindent\begin{tabular}{llll}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Beginning/Intermediate \TeX*}
      & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Intensive Course in \LaTeX*} \\
\quad Boston    & April 19--23   & \quad San Francisco & March 1--5 \\
\quad San Diego & June 14--18    & \quad Boston    & April 26--30 \\
\quad Boston    & August 9--13   & \quad Ottawa    & August 23--27 \\
\quad Chicago   & Oct.\ 18--22   & \quad Boston    & Oct.\ 25--29 \\ [3pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Modifying \LaTeX\ Style Files*}
      & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Adv'd \TeX\ and Macro Writing*} \\
\quad San Diego & June 7--11     & \quad San Diego & June 21--25 \\
                &                & \quad Boston    & Nov.\ 1--5 \\ [3pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl \TeX\ for Publishers}
      & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Practical SGML and \TeX*} \\
\quad San Francisco  & March 8   & \quad San Francisco & March 9--10 \\
\quad Boston         & March 22  & \quad Boston & Nov.\ 8--9 \\
\quad New York City  & June 9    \\
\quad Washington, DC & Nov.\ 12  \\ [3pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Book and Document Design}
      & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\sl SGML and \TeX\ for} \\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\sl with \TeX\qquad}
      & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\sl Publishers*} \\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Boston\quad Sept.\ 23--24}
      & \multicolumn{2}{c}{New York\quad Nov.\ 10} \\ [3pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\footnotesize
                   *Lab classes --- computers will be provided for
                    all students.} \\
\end{tabular}
 
\vspace{6pt}
\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule
 
 
\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item \tug\ courses are small, with 8--15 students in most classes,
         and are held at major hotels.
 
   \item The dates and locations above are tentative --- watch for the
         final schedule in the mail this fall.
 
   \item For more information, contact the \TUG\ at 805-899-4673.
\end{itemize}
 
\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule
\vspace{6pt}
 
\begin{center}
   \large\bf On-Site Courses in \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ from \TUG\
\end{center}
 
\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item Courses in \TeX{}, \LaTeX{}, {\small SGML} and \TeX,
         PostScript, or \TeX{} for Publishers tailored to the needs of
         your group
 
   \item Courses at every level from beginning to advanced
 
   \item Five full days of instruction at your site
 
   \item One-week course fee includes all instructor fees and expenses
         plus textbooks and other materials for up to 15 students
 
   \item If a properly equipped training facility is not available,
         \tug\ will arrange computer rentals and supply \TeX{} or
         \LaTeX{} software
\end{itemize}
 
\newpage
 
 
%% Upcoming Events (p.25):
 
\Section{Upcoming Events}
 
\begin{center}
{\tabcolsep3pt \setbox 0 = \hbox {\bf 24--27 March}
\dimen 0 = \hsize
\advance \dimen 0 by -6\tabcolsep
\advance \dimen 0 by -\wd 0
\advance \dimen 0 by -4.8 cm
\begin{tabular}{p{\wd 0}p{4.8cm}p{\dimen 0}}
\hline
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 24--27 Feb.\nl
\bf 1993        & {\small\bf CONCEPPTS}'93:\nl
                  The Prepublishing Conference
                  Orange Co.\ Convention
                  Centre, Orlando, Florida.
                       & Phone: 703-264-7200\nl
                         \fax: 703-620-9187.     \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 1 March     & {\bf Knuth Scholarship}:\nl
                  Deadline for 1993 submissions.\nl
                  (see Cover 2 for address)
                       & Knuth Scholar.\ Committee\nl
                         \careof \tug\ Office\nl
                         {\tt tug@math.ams.org} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 9--12 March & {\small\bf DANTE}'93 and General\nl
                  Meeting,\nl
                  Chemnitz (near Dresden).
                       & Dr.\ Wolfgang Riedel\nl
                         {\tt wolfgang.riedel@hrz.tu-}\nl
                         {\tt chemnitz.de}      \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 30--31 March & {\small\bf UKTUG}:\nl
                   ``\TeX\ for non-American\nl languages''.
                   Conference and tutorials,
                    University of Glasgow
                       & Phil Taylor\nl
                         {\tt chaa006@vax.rhbnc.ac.uk} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 10 June     & {\small\bf NTG}:
                  11th Annual Meeting,\nl
                  Royal Dutch Meteorological\nl
                   Institute, De Bilt.
                       & Theo Jurriens\nl
                         {\tt taj@astro.rug.nl} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 16--19 June & {\small\bf ACH-ALLC93}:\nl
                  Joint int'l.\ conference:
                  Assoc.\  for Computers and the Humanities
                  and the Assoc.\  for Literary and Linguistic
                  Computing\nl
                  Georgetown University,\nl
                  Washington, D.C.
                       & Dr.\ Michael Neuman \nl
                         {\tt Neuman@Guvax.bitnet} \nl
                         {\tt Neuman@Guvax.Georgetown.} \nl
                              {\tt edu} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 26--29 July & {\small\bf TUG'93}:\nl
                   ``World Wide Window on \TeX''\nl
                  Aston University,\nl
                  Birmingham, \uk.
                       & Chris Rowley, {\tt ca\_rowley} \nl
                         {\tt @vax.acs.open.ac.uk} \nl
                         Malcolm Clark \nl
                         {\tt malcolmc@wmin.ac.uk}     \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\end{center}
 
\vspace{1pc}
 
\noindent {\bf Note}: Also consult the ``Calendar'' in the previous
issue of \TUB\ for more dates.
 
\newpage
 
 
%% Index of issues 0,0 to 1,4 (inclusive) (pp.26--28):
 
\newcommand{\indexletter}[1]{\begin{center}
                               \bf -- #1 --
                             \end{center}
                            }
 
\twocolumn[\Section{Index \\
                    TTN 0,0 to 1,4 (inclusive)}
 
This Index was prepared by Jackie Damrau; it includes material which
has appeared in 5 issues of \ttn, from the prototype of 1991 to this,
the final issue for 1992. {\bf Notation:} All references show the {\bf
volume},number:page; outside back cover is noted as C4.
 
\vspace{1pc}
]
 
{\footnotesize \baselineskip=10pt
 
\begin{list}{}{\itemsep=-1pt
               \parsep=2pt
               \leftmargin0pt
               \listparindent=-12pt}
 
\indexletter{C}
\item 1993 Course Schedule {\bf 1},3:26; {\bf 1},4:24
 
\indexletter{E}
\item Editorials {\bf 0},0:1; {\bf 1},1:1; {\bf 1},2:1;
      {\bf 1},3:1; {\bf 1},4:1;
\item Elections
   \subitem Board {\bf 0},0:25; {\bf 1},1:2
   \subitem President {\bf 1},2:28; {\bf 1},3:25; {\bf 1},4:22
\item Electronic Retrieval Sites
   \subitem New list for METAFONT users {\bf 1},4:19
   \subitem New {\tt LISTSERV} for Greek \TeX\ Users {\bf 0},0:6
   \subitem DC fonts {\bf 1},4:17
 
\indexletter{F}
\item Feature Articles
   \subitem {\tt jeep.sty}: A General Purpose Style File {\bf 0},0:3
   \subitem Scientific Publishing in Mexico {\bf 1},1:7
   \subitem The Technical Council {\bf 1},3:5
   \subitem \TeX\ Conventions Concerning Languages {\bf 1},4:3
   \subitem Update on \TeX\ in Japan {\bf 1},2:5
 
\indexletter{H}
\item ``Hey --- it works!''
   \subitem Dealing with very long paragraphs {\bf 1},1:15
   \subitem Dollars and pounds, \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ {\bf 1},4:14
   \subitem Some applications for \verb|\llap| {\bf 0},0:30
   \subitem The Cauchy integral {\bf 1},1:15; {\bf 1},2:15
   \subitem Turning double brackets into delims. {\bf 1},2:14
   \subitem Marking lines in the margin {\bf 1},3:12; {\bf 1}4:10
      \subsubitem Editor's note {\bf 1},3:14
   \subitem When there's only one of {\it you} \dots\ {\bf 1},3:14
   \subitem Some TTN \LaTeX\ tricks {\bf 1},3:15
 
\indexletter{I}
\item In Memoriam
   \subitem Cathy Booth {\bf 1},1:28
   \subitem Samuel B.\ Whidden {\bf 1},1:28
\item Index {\bf 1},4:26
 
\indexletter{K}
\item Knuth Scholarship
   \subitem 1992 {\bf 1},1:3; {\bf 1},3:3; {\bf 1},4:28
 
 
\indexletter{L}
\item \AllTeX\ News
   \subitem DC fonts --- questions and answers (I) {\bf 1},4:15
   \subitem \ILaTeX {\bf 1},1:16
   \subitem \LaTeX\ Tables: workshop handouts {\bf 1},2:16
   \subitem Lollipop now available {\bf 1},4:17
   \subitem New list for METAFONT afficionados {\bf 1},4:19
   \subitem NTG's MAPS bibliography database {\bf 1},4:18
   \subitem Recent Updates to \LaTeX\ 2.09 {\bf 1},2:17
   \subitem \TeX\ Macro Index {\bf 1},2:16
   \subitem TUGlib archive --- update {\bf 1},4:18
   \subitem Volunteer Work for the \LaTeX3 Project {\bf 1},3:18
\item \LaTeX 3 Project
   \subitem Bowling Tournament Boosts Fund {\bf 1},3:21
   \subitem \LaTeX3, TUG, and You {\bf 1},2:2
   \subitem \LaTeX3 Update {\bf 1},3:4
   \subitem The \LaTeX3 Project Fund {\bf 1},1:5
   \subitem Volunteer Work for the \LaTeX3 Project {\bf 1},3:18
   \subitem What is the \LaTeX3 Project? {\bf 1},1:4
 
\newpage
 
\indexletter{M}
\item Meeting Announcements
   \subitem Euro\TeX'92 {\bf 1},2:22
   \subitem TeCH'92 {\bf 1},1:21
   \subitem TUG'91: \TeX\ Inroads into Publishing {\bf 0},0:28
   \subitem TUG'92: \TeX\ in Context {\bf 1},1:22, C4
   \subitem TUG'93:\ts World\ts Wide\ts Window\ts on\ts
            \TeX\ {\bf 1},4:C4
 
\indexletter{N}
\item New Publications {\bf 1},1:14; {\bf 1},2:13; {\bf 1},3:9;
      {\bf 1},4:11
\item News from Around \ldots\
   \subitem CyrTUG {\bf 1},1:17
   \subitem Electronic documents and the law {\bf 1},4:20
   \subitem Estonian User Group {\bf 1},2:19
   \subitem Gleanings From Here and There {\bf 1},3:19
   \subitem GUST {\bf 1},2:19
   \subitem GUTenberg {\bf 1},2:19
   \subitem New {\tt LISTSERV} for Greek \TeX\ Users {\bf 0},0:6
   \subitem SibTUG {\bf 1},1:18
   \subitem \TeX\ in the Soviet Union {\bf 0},0:5
 
\indexletter{P}
\item Published \TeX\ Credits
   \subitem The Truth about \TeX\ {\bf 0},0:6
\item Publications
   \subitem Euro\TeX'92 {\it Proceedings} (Prague) {\bf 1},3:28
   \subitem New Publications {\bf 1},1:14; {\bf 1},2:13;
            {\bf 1},3:9; {\bf 1},4:11
   \subitem NTG's MAPS bibliography available {\bf 1},4:18
   \subitem \TeX niques (latest issues) {\bf 1},3:C4
   \subitem TUGlib archive --- Update {\bf 1},4:18
 
\indexletter{R}
\item Reports on Meetings
   \subitem CsTUG {\bf 1},1:20
   \subitem Euro\TeX'91 {\bf 1},1:20
   \subitem Euro\TeX'92 {\bf 1},2:22; {\bf 1},3:22
      \subsubitem Euro\TeX'92 {\it Proceedings} (Prague) {\bf 1},3:28
   \subitem Grupo de Usuarios de \TeX\ {\bf 1},2:21
   \subitem NTG Spring Meeting {\bf 1},2:22
   \subitem NTG in 1993 {\bf 1},4:21
 
\newpage
 
   \subitem \mbox{\empty}
   \subitem TUG'91 {\bf 1},1:19
   \subitem TUG'92 {\bf 1},3:19
      \subsubitem Bowling Boosts \LaTeX3 Fund {\bf 1},3:21
   \subitem UK\TeX UG {\bf 1},2:20; {\bf 1},4:21
 
\indexletter{S}
\item Style Files
   \subitem {\tt jeep.sty} {\bf 0},0:3
 
\indexletter{T}
\item The Technical Council {\bf 1},3:5
   \subitem see also: Working Groups
\item \TeX hax Tidbits {\bf 0},0:27
\item \TeX niques (latest issues) {\bf 1},3:C4
\item TUG Board Activities
   \subitem Communications {\bf 0},0:20
   \subitem Elections
      \subsubitem Board {\bf 0},0:25; {\bf 1},1:2
      \subsubitem President {\bf 1},2:28; {\bf 1},3:25; {\bf 1},4:22
   \subitem Message from the Board {\bf 0},0:7
   \subitem New TUG Executive Director named {\bf 1},4:22
   \subitem A New TUG President, too {\bf 1},4:22
   \subitem Summaries of Meetings
      \subsubitem 1990 {\bf 0},0:11
      \subsubitem 1991 {\bf 0},0:15; {\bf 1},1:23, 25
      \subsubitem 1992 {\bf 1},2:24; {\bf 1},3:23
\item Typographer's Inn {\bf 1},1:12;\ts {\bf 1},2:11;\ts
       {\bf 1},3:10;\ts {\bf 1},4:12
 
\indexletter{U}
\item Upcoming Events {\bf 0},0:32; {\bf 1},1:27; {\bf 1},2:27;
      {\bf 1},3:27; {\bf 1},4:25
 
\indexletter{W}
\item Working Groups
   \subitem (WG-92-00) {\bf 1},3:6
   \subitem (WG-92-01) {\bf 1},3:7
   \subitem (WG-92-02) {\bf 1},3:7
   \subitem (WG-92-03) {\bf 1},3:7; {\bf 1},4:3
   \subitem (WG-92-04) {\bf 1},3:8
   \subitem (WG-92-05) {\bf 1},3:8
 
\end{list}
 
\vfill}
 
\onecolumn
 
\newpage
 
\subsection*{Attention: Submissions for Knuth Scholarship
             Competition}
 
\begin{flushright}
    Nico Poppelier \\
    Board Liaison, Knuth Scholarship Committee
\end{flushright}
 
\noindent The \tug\ Office has moved to a new location, namely to
Santa Barbara.  Applicants should therefore request information and
send submissions to the new address --- see inside front cover. For
more information on the scholarship, please read the announcement in
\TUB\ 13, no.\ 3, pp.\ 395--396.
 
I should like to stress that the competition is open only to members
of the \TUG\ with qualifications as explained in that announcement.
 
 
\vspace{7pc}
 
\begin{center}
      {\large\bf New TUG Address} \\ [6pt]
      {\bf \TUG} \\
       P.O. Box 869\\
       Santa Barbara, CA 93102 USA \\ [3pt]
       Balboa Building, Room 307 \\
       735 State Street \\
       Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA \\ [3pt]
       Phone: 805-899-4673 \\
       E-mail: \tt tug@math.ams.org \\
\end{center}
 
\newpage
 
 
%% Cover 3 (Table of Contents):
 
\pagestyle{empty}
 
\begin{center}
   {\Sectionfont \TeX{} and TUG NEWS\\
    \medskip
                  Table of Contents}
\end{center}
 
\vspace{1pc}
 
\contentsline {section}{{\it Editorial}}{1}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{\TeX\ Conventions Concerning Languages\\
               \indent {\em Yannis Haralambous}}{3}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{New Publications\\
               \indent {\em Peter Schmitt}}{11}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{Typographer's Inn\\
               \indent {\em Peter Flynn}}{12}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{``Hey --- it works!''}{}
\contentsline {subsection}{Dollars and Pounds, \TeX\ and \LaTeX\
                          \quad {\em Christina Thiele}}{14}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{\AllTeX\ News}{}
\contentsline {subsection}{DC Fonts: Questions and Answers (I)
                           \quad {\em Yannis Haralambous}}{15}
\contentsline {subsection}{Lollipop now available
                          \quad {\em Victor Eijkhout}}{17}
\contentsline {subsection}{NTG's MAPS database now available
                           \quad {\em Gerard van Nes}}{18}
\contentsline {subsection}{TUGlib archive --- update
                           \quad {\em Nelson H.F.\ Beebe}}{18}
\contentsline {subsection}{New list for METAFONT afficionados
                          \quad {\em Yannis Haralambous}}{19}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{News from Around \ldots}{}
\contentsline {subsection}{Electronic documents and the law
                           \quad {\em Jacques Andr\'e}}{20}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{Reports on Meetings}{}
\contentsline {subsection}{UK\TeX UG: 14 October AGM
                           \quad {\em R.A.\ Bailey}}{21}
\contentsline {subsection}{NTG in 1993: 11th Meeting
                           \quad {\em Gerard van Nes}}{21}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{\tug\ Board Activities}{}
\contentsline {subsection}{New \tug\ Executive Director named}{22}
\contentsline {subsection}{A new \tug\ President, too}{22}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{\TUG\ 1993 Course Schedule}{24}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{Upcoming Events}{25}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{Index (\ttn\ 0,0 to 1,4, inclusive)}{26}
\smallskip
\contentsline {section}{Attention: Submissions for Knuth Scholarship
                        Competition}{28}
 
\vspace{2pc}
 
\begin{center}
   \bf Volume 1, No.\ 4, 1992
\end{center}
 
\newpage
 
 
%% Cover 4 (TUG'93 announcement):
 
\pagestyle{empty}
 
\raggedright
\frenchspacing
\parindent0pt
\parskip2pt
\rightskip 0pt plus1fil minus0pt
\baselineskip12pt
 
\font\fib cmfib8 scaled \magstep2
\font\Fib cmfib8 scaled \magstep3
\font\ffib cmfib8 scaled \magstep1
 
\def\dia{$\diamond$}
\leftline{\fib TUG93 call for papers}
 
\medskip
 
\leftline{\Fib World Wide Window on \TeX}
\smallskip
\leftline{\ffib 14th Annual \TeX\ Users Group Meeting
July 26th -- 29th, 1993}
 
\medskip
 
Aston University in Birmingham, UK, will be the venue for the 1993
\tug\ conference. Aston is the home of the Aston Archive, one of the
largest collections of electronic \TeX\ paraphernalia. This is the
first time the annual meeting will have been held outside North
America.
 
The location of the conference at one centre of the electronic web and
its movement from North America encourages particular focus on the
world-wide aspects of \TeX\ (\LaTeX, \MF, \dots). The marked rise in
maturity of windowing systems (Mac\-intosh, Atari, Amiga, Windows3, X
windows) also allows us to exploit more straightforward and direct
ways of employing the \TeX\ tools. It is hoped that there will be a
contribution to the conference from the Didot project, further
extending the range of topics to include digital typography and font
creation.
 
The conference will feature the regular paper presentations, but
workshops, poster displays, courses, panels and birds-of-a-feather
sessions will be integral components.
 
\medskip
 
Contributions are being actively sought in the following subject
areas: \dia~archives \dia~electronic networks \dia~formatting
structured documents \dia~\LaTeX3 \dia~graphical user interfaces to
\TeX ware \dia~non-english issues \dia~non-Latin scripts \dia~digital
typography \dia~editing structured documents \dia~styles \dia~other
typesetting systems \dia~document views~\dia
 
\medskip
 
Abstracts should be sent to the program coordinators by February~22nd,
1993.
 
\medskip
\leftline{\ffib Conference committee}
Maureen Campbell,
Peter Abbott,
Chris Rowley,
Philip Taylor,
Carol Hewlett,
Sebastian Rahtz,
Malcolm Clark
 
\medskip
 
\leftline{\ffib Program coordinators}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
        & Chris Rowley     & Malcolm Clark \\
        & Parsifal College & IRS \\
        & Open University  & University of Westminster \\
        & Finchley Road    & 115 New Cavendish Street \\
        & London NW3 7BG   & London W1M 8JS \\
phone:  & 071 794 0575     & 071 911 5000 ex 3622 \\
e-mail: & \tt ca\char'137rowley@vax.acs.open.ac.uk\quad
                           & \tt malcolmc@wmin.ac.uk\\
fax:    & 071 433 6196     & 071 911 5093 \\
\end{tabular}
 
\end{document}
 
%% END OF FILE