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<!DOCTYPE html
  PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "/dtds/html4t.dtd">

<!--Generated from beginlatex.XML.xml with typebook-html.xslt on 2005-04-04T01:03:11--><html>
   <head>
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
   
      <title>Formatting information: Appendix D&nbsp;&#8212; GNU Free Documentation License</title>
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="typebook.css" type="text/css">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
   </head>
   <body>
      <table width="100%">
         <tr>
            <th class="title" width="66%">
               <h1><a name="doctitle">Formatting information</a></h1>
               <h2>A beginner's introduction to typesetting with
                  <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span></span></h2>
               <h3>Appendix D&nbsp;&#8212; GNU Free Documentation License</h3>
               <h3>Peter Flynn</h3>
               <h4>Silmaril Consultants<br>Textual Therapy Division
               </h4><br>v. 3.6 (March 2005)
            </th>
            <td class="toc" width="33%">
               <h4><a name="doctoc">Contents</a></h4>
               <dl>
                  <dd class=""><a href="intro.html#intro">Introduction</a></dd>
                  <dd class=""><a href="foreword.html#foreword">Foreword</a></dd>
                  <dd class=""><a href="preface.html#preface">Preface</a></dd>
               </dl>
               <ol>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter1.html#get">Installing <span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> and <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span></span></a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter2.html#plaintext">Using your editor to create documents</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter3.html#basic">Basic document structures</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter4.html#process">Typesetting, viewing and printing</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter5.html#ctan">CTAN, packages, and online help</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter6.html#otherdoc">Other document structures</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter7.html#texttools">Textual tools</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter8.html#typo">Fonts and layouts</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter9.html#macros">Programmability (macros)</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="chapter10.html#compat">Compatibility with other systems</a></li>
               </ol>
               <ol type="A">
                  <li class=""><a href="appendixA.html#cnf">Configuring <span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> search paths</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="appendixB.html#tugform"><span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> Users Group membership</a></li>
                  <li class=""><a href="appendixC.html#asciicharset">The ASCII character set</a></li>
                  <li class="current"><a href="appendixD.html#gfdl">GNU Free Documentation License</a></li>
               </ol>
               <dl>
                  <dd class=""><a href="bibliography.html#biblio">References</a></dd>
                  <dd class=""><a href="index.html#index">Index</a></dd>
               </dl>
            </td>
         </tr>
         <tr>
            <td class="credits">
               <p>This edition of <cite>Formatting
                     	  Information</cite> was prompted by the generous help I
                  	have received from <span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> users too numerous to mention
                  	individually. Shortly after TUGboat published the November
                  	2003 edition, I was reminded by a spate of email of the
                  	fragility of documentation for a system like <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span></span> which is
                  	constantly under development. There have been revisions to
                  	packages; issues of new distributions, new tools, and new
                  	interfaces; new books and other new documents; corrections to
                  	my own errors; suggestions for rewording; and in one or two
                  	cases mild abuse for having omitted package X which the author
                  	felt to be indispensable to users. &para;&nbsp;I am grateful as always to the people who sent me
                  	corrections and suggestions for improvement. Please keep them
                  	coming: only this way can this book reflect what people
                  	want to learn. The same limitation still applies, however: no
                  	mathematics, as there are already a dozen or more excellent
                  	books on the market&nbsp;&#8212; as well as other online
                  	documents&nbsp;&#8212; dealing with mathematical typesetting in
                  <span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> and <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span></span> in finer and better detail than I am
                  	capable of. &para;&nbsp;The structure remains the same, but I have revised and
                  	rephrased a lot of material, especially in the earlier
                  	chapters where a new user cannot be expected yet to have
                  	acquired any depth of knowledge. Many of the screenshots have
                  	been updated, and most of the examples and code fragments have
                  	been retested. &para;&nbsp;As I was finishing this edition, I was asked to review
                  	an article for <cite><a href="http://www.tug.org/pracjourn/" name="C3">The Prac<span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> Journal</a></cite>, which
                  	grew out of the Practical <span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> Conference in 2004. The
                  	author specifically took the writers of documentation to task
                  	for failing to explain things more clearly, and as I read
                  	more, I found myself agreeing, and resolving to clear up some
                  	specific problems areas as far as possible. It is very
                  	difficult for people who write technical documentation to
                  	remember how they struggled to learn what has now become a
                  	familiar system. So much of what we do is second nature, and a
                  	lot of it actually has nothing to do with the software, but
                  	more with the way in which we view and approach information,
                  	and the general level of knowledge of computing. If I have
                  	obscured something by making unreasonable assumptions about
                  	<em>your</em> knowledge, please let me know so
                  	that I can correct&nbsp;it. 
                  <p>Peter Flynn is author of <cite><a href="bibliography.html#htmlbook" name="C4">The HTML Handbook</a></cite> and <cite><a href="bibliography.html#sgmltools" name="C5">Understanding SGML and XML Tools</a></cite>, and editor of <cite><a href="http://www.ucc.ie/xml/" name="C6">The XML FAQ</a></cite>.
                  </p>
               </p>
            </td>
            <td class="legal">
               <p>
                  <p>This document is Copyright &copy; 1999&#8211;2005 by
                     Silmaril Consultants under the terms of what is now the GNU
                     Free Documentation License (copyleft).
                  </p>
                  <p>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify
                     this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
                     License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the
                     Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
                     Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the
                     license is included in the section entitled <cite><a href="http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/fdl.html" name="C1">The GNU Free Documentation License</a></cite>.
                  </p>
                  <p>You are allowed to distribute, reproduce, and modify it
                     without fee or further requirement for consent subject to the
                     conditions in <a href="appendixD.html#gfdl-4">section D.5</a>. The author has
                     asserted his right to be identified as the author of this
                     document. If you make useful modifications you are asked to
                     inform the author so that the master copy can be updated. See
                     the full text of the License in <a href="appendixD.html#gfdl">Appendix D</a>.
                     
                  </p>
               </p>
            </td>
         </tr>
      </table>
      <div class="chapter">
         <table width="100%">
            <tr>
               <td align="center"><small><i class="chaphead"><b><a name="gfdl">APPENDIX</a></b></i></small><br><table border="1">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="chapno">D</td>
                     </tr>
                  </table>
               </td>
               <td><pre class="spacing"></pre></td>
               <td>
                  <p>&nbsp;</p>
                  <h1>GNU Free Documentation License</h1>
                  <h2>Version 1.2, November 2002</h2>
               </td>
               <td class="toc">
                  <p>&nbsp;</p>
                  <ol>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-0">PREAMBLE</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-1">APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-2">VERBATIM COPYING</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-3">COPYING IN QUANTITY</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-4">MODIFICATIONS</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-5">COMBINING DOCUMENTS</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-6">COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-7">AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT
                           WORKS</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-8">TRANSLATION</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-9">TERMINATION</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-10">FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS
                           LICENSE</a></li>
                     <li><a href="#gfdl-addendum">ADDENDUM: How to use this License
                           for your documents</a></li>
                  </ol>
               </td>
               <td align="right"><a href="#doctoc"><img src="top.png" title="Table of Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a></td>
            </tr>
         </table>
         <blockquote class="citation"><a name="K43">&nbsp;</a><p>Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation,
               Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
               Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
               of this license document, but changing it is not
               allowed.
            </p>
         </blockquote>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.1 <a name="gfdl-0">PREAMBLE</a></h2>
            <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
               or other functional and useful document &#8216;free&#8217; in
               the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom
               to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it,
               either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this
               License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
               credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
               for modifications made by others.
            </p>
            <p>This License is a kind of &#8216;copyleft&#8217;, which
               means that derivative works of the document must themselves be
               free in the same sense.  It complements the GNU General Public
               License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
               software.
            </p>
            <p>We have designed this License in order to use it for
               manuals for free software, because free software needs free
               documentation: a free program should come with manuals
               providing the same freedoms that the software does.  But this
               License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
               any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it
               is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
               principally for works whose purpose is instruction or
               reference.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.2 <a name="gfdl-1">APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</a></h2>
            <p><a name="gfdl-doc"></a>This License applies to any manual or other
               work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the
               copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms
               of this License.  Such a notice grants a world-wide,
               royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
               under the conditions stated herein.  The
               &#8216;Document&#8217;, below, refers to any such manual or
               work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
               addressed as &#8216;you&#8217;.  You accept the license if
               you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring
               permission under copyright law.
            </p>
            <p><a name="gfdl-mod-ver"></a>A &#8216;Modified Version&#8217; of the
               Document means any work containing the Document or a portion
               of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or
               translated into another language.
            </p>
            <p><a name="gfdl-secnd-sect"></a>A &#8216;Secondary Section&#8217; is
               a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document
               that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers
               or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
               subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that
               could fall directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if
               the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary
               Section may not explain any mathematics.)  The relationship
               could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or
               with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical,
               ethical or political position regarding them.
            </p>
            <p><a name="gfdl-inv-sect"></a>The &#8216;Invariant Sections&#8217;
               are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as
               being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
               that the Document is released under this License.  If a
               section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
               is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document
               may contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not
               identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
            </p>
            <p><a name="gfdl-cov-text"></a>The &#8216;Cover Texts&#8217; are
               certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover
               Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
               Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text
               may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most
               25 words.
            </p>
            <p><a name="gfdl-transparent"></a>A &#8216;Transparent&#8217; copy of
               the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a
               format whose specification is available to the general public,
               that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly
               with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels)
               generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
               drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
               formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
               formats suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in
               an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence
               of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
               subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  An
               image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial
               amount of text.  A copy that is not &#8216;Transparent&#8217;
               is called &#8216;Opaque&#8217;.
            </p>
            <p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies
               include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format,
               LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
               DTD, and standard-conforming simple <small><a href="chapter10.html#HTML" class="acroref" name="A306" title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</a></small>,
               <a name="t43">PostScript</a> or PDF designed for human
               modification.  Examples of transparent image formats include
               PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats
               that can be read and edited only by proprietary word
               processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing
               tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
               <small><a href="chapter10.html#HTML" class="acroref" name="A307" title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</a></small>, <a name="t44">PostScript</a> or PDF produced by
               some word processors for output purposes only.
            </p>
            <p><a name="gfdl-title-page"></a>The &#8216;Title Page&#8217; means,
               for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following
               pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
               License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
               formats which do not have any title page as such, &#8216;Title
               Page&#8217; means the text near the most prominent
               appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning
               of the body of the text.
            </p>
            <p><a name="gfdl-entitled"></a>A section &#8216;Entitled XYZ&#8217;
               means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is
               precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text
               that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for
               a specific section name mentioned below, such as
               &#8216;Acknowledgements&#8217;, &#8216;Dedications&#8217;,
               &#8216;Endorsements&#8217;, or &#8216;History&#8217;.)  To
               &#8216;Preserve the Title&#8217; of such a section when you
               modify the Document means that it remains a section
               &#8216;Entitled XYZ&#8217; according to this
               definition.
            </p>
            <p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the
               notice which states that this License applies to the Document.
               These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by
               reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming
               warranties: any other implication that these Warranty
               Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning
               of this License.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.3 <a name="gfdl-2">VERBATIM COPYING</a></h2>
            <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
               either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
               License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying
               this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all
               copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to
               those of this License.  You may not use technical measures to
               obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
               copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
               compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a
               large enough number of copies you must also follow the
               conditions in section 3.
               
            </p>
            <p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
               above, and you may publicly display copies.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.4 <a name="gfdl-3">COPYING IN QUANTITY</a></h2>
            <p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that
               commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more
               than 100, and the Document's license notice requires
               Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,
               clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts
               on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.
               Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
               publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present the
               full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
               visible.  You may add other material on the covers in
               addition.  Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long
               as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
               conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
               respects.
            </p>
            <p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous
               to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many
               as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest
               onto adjacent pages.
            </p>
            <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
               numbering more than 100, you must either include a
               machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy,
               or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network
               location from which the general network-using public has
               access to download using public-standard network protocols a
               complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added
               material.  If you use the latter option, you must take
               reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of
               Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
               copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
               at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
               copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
               edition to the public.
            </p>
            <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
               authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
               number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
               updated version of the Document.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.5 <a name="gfdl-4">MODIFICATIONS</a></h2>
            <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
               Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above,
               provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely
               this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of
               the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of
               the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.  In
               addition, you must do these things in the Modified
               Version:
            </p>
            <ol type="1">
               <li>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers,
                  if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and
                  from those of previous versions (which should, if there
                  were any, be listed in the History section of the
                  Document).  You may use the same title as a previous
                  version if the original publisher of that version gives
                  permission.
                  
               </li>
               <li>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or
                  more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the
                  modifications in the Modified Version, together with at
                  least five of the principal authors of the Document (all
                  of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
                  unless they release you from this requirement.
                  
               </li>
               <li>State on the Title page the name of the
                  publisher of the Modified Version, as the
                  publisher.
               </li>
               <li>Preserve all the copyright notices of the
                  Document.
                  
               </li>
               <li>Add an appropriate copyright notice for
                  your modifications adjacent to the other copyright
                  notices.
                  
               </li>
               <li>Include, immediately after the copyright
                  notices, a license notice giving the public permission to
                  use the Modified Version under the terms of this License,
                  in the form shown in the <a href="appendixD.html#gfdl-addendum" title="sect1">Addendum</a> below.
                  
               </li>
               <li>Preserve in that license notice the full
                  lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given
                  in the Document's license
                  notice.
               </li>
               <li>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
                  
               </li>
               <li>Preserve the section Entitled
                  &#8216;History&#8217;, Preserve its Title, and add to it
                  an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
                  publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
                  Page.  If there is no section Entitled
                  &#8216;History&#8217; in the Document, create one stating
                  the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
                  given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the
                  Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
                  
               </li>
               <li>Preserve the network location, if any,
                  given in the Document for public access to a Transparent
                  copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
                  given in the Document for previous versions it was based
                  on.  These may be placed in the &#8216;History&#8217;
                  section.  You may omit a network location for a work that
                  was published at least four years before the Document
                  itself, or if the original publisher of the version it
                  refers to gives permission.
                  
               </li>
               <li>For any section Entitled
                  &#8216;Acknowledgements&#8217; or
                  &#8216;Dedications&#8217;, Preserve the Title of the
                  section, and preserve in the section all the substance and
                  tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
                  dedications given therein.
                  
               </li>
               <li>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the
                  Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles.
                  Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part
                  of the section titles.
                  
               </li>
               <li>Delete any section Entitled
                  &#8216;Endorsements&#8217;. Such a section may not be
                  included in the Modified Version.
                  
               </li>
               <li>Do not retitle any existing section to be
                  Entitled &#8216;Endorsements&#8217; or to conflict in
                  title with any Invariant Section.
                  
               </li>
               <li>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
                  
               </li>
            </ol>
            <p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
               or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain
               no material copied from the Document, you may at your option
               designate some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do
               this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in
               the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must
               be distinct from any other section titles.
            </p>
            <p>You may add a section Entitled
               &#8216;Endorsements&#8217;, provided it contains nothing but
               endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for
               example, statements of peer review or that the text has been
               approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of
               a standard.
            </p>
            <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
               Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to
               the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.
               Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover
               Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one
               entity.  If the Document already includes a cover text for the
               same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by
               the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add
               another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
               permission from the previous publisher that added the old
               one.
            </p>
            <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
               this License give permission to use their names for publicity
               for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified
               Version.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.6 <a name="gfdl-5">COMBINING DOCUMENTS</a></h2>
            <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released
               under this License, under the terms defined in <a href="appendixD.html#gfdl-4" title="sect1">section 4</a> above for modified
               versions, provided that you include in the combination all of
               the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
               unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
               combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
               their Warranty Disclaimers.
            </p>
            <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
               License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be
               replaced with a single copy.  If there are multiple Invariant
               Sections with the same name but different contents, make the
               title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it,
               in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher
               of that section if known, or else a unique number.  Make the
               same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant
               Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
            </p>
            <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
               &#8216;History&#8217; in the various original documents,
               forming one section Entitled &#8216;History&#8217;; likewise
               combine any sections Entitled &#8216;Acknowledgements&#8217;,
               and any sections Entitled &#8216;Dedications&#8217;.  You
               must delete all sections Entitled
               &#8216;Endorsements&#8217;.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.7 <a name="gfdl-6">COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</a></h2>
            <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
               other documents released under this License, and replace the
               individual copies of this License in the various documents
               with a single copy that is included in the collection,
               provided that you follow the rules of this License for
               verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
               respects.
            </p>
            <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection,
               and distribute it individually under this License, provided
               you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document,
               and follow this License in all other respects regarding
               verbatim copying of that document.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.8 <a name="gfdl-7">AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT
                  WORKS</a></h2>
            <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with
               other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
               volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
               &#8216;aggregate&#8217; if the copyright resulting from the
               compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
               compilation's users beyond what the individual works
               permit.  When the Document is included an aggregate, this
               License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate
               which are not themselves derivative works of the
               Document.
            </p>
            <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable
               to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less
               than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's
               Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document
               within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers
               if the Document is in electronic form.  Otherwise they must
               appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
               aggregate.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.9 <a name="gfdl-8">TRANSLATION</a></h2>
            <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you
               may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of
               section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations
               requires special permission from their copyright holders, but
               you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections
               in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
               Sections.  You may include a translation of this License, and
               all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty
               Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original
               English version of this License and the original versions of
               those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement
               between the translation and the original version of this
               License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
               prevail.
            </p>
            <p>If a section in the Document is Entitled
               &#8216;Acknowledgements&#8217;, &#8216;Dedications&#8217;,
               or &#8216;History&#8217;, the requirement (section 4) to
               Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing
               the actual title.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.10 <a name="gfdl-9">TERMINATION</a></h2>
            <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
               Document except as expressly provided for under this License.
               Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute
               the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your
               rights under this License.  However, parties who have received
               copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have
               their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
               full compliance.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.11 <a name="gfdl-10">FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS
                  LICENSE</a></h2>
            <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
               versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to
               time.  Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
               present version, but may differ in detail to address new
               problems or concerns.  See
               http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
            </p>
            <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
               version number.  If the Document specifies that a particular
               numbered version of this License &#8216;or any later
               version&#8217; applies to it, you have the option of
               following the terms and conditions either of that specified
               version or of any later version that has been published (not
               as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Document
               does not specify a version number of this License, you may
               choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
               Software Foundation.
            </p>
         </div>
         <div class="sect1">
            <h2><a href="#gfdl"><img src="up.png" title="Chapter Contents" width="32" alt="ToC" align="right" border="0"></a>D.12 <a name="gfdl-addendum">ADDENDUM: How to use this License
                  for your documents</a></h2>
            <p>To use this License in a document you have written,
               include a copy of the License in the document and put the
               following copyright and license notices just after the title
               page:
            </p>
            <blockquote class="citation"><a name="K43">&nbsp;</a><p>
                  Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to
                  copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms
                  of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any
                  later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
                  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
                  Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
                  section entitled &#8216;GNU Free Documentation
                  License&#8217;.
                  
               </p>
            </blockquote>
            <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and
               Back-Cover Texts, replace the
               &#8216;with...Texts.&#8217; line with this:
            </p>
            <blockquote class="citation"><a name="K43">&nbsp;</a><p>
                  with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
                  the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover
                  Texts being LIST.
                  
               </p>
            </blockquote>
            <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or
               some other combination of the three, merge those two
               alternatives to suit the situation.
            </p>
            <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
               code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under
               your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General
               Public License, to permit their use in free software.
            </p>
         </div>
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