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.TH MFF 1 "pdc Mon.  2 Dec. 1991" "mff 2.8.2" "CONTRIBUTED PROGRAMS"
.SH NAME
mff \- run METAFONT and GFtoPK to create members of TeX font families
(formerly called mfjob)
.SH SYNOPSIS
.\"
.\" mff.1 - manual page for mff - pdc Fri. 28 Sept. 1990
.\" Copyright (C) 1990-1991 Damian Cugley
.\" See file COPYING in the mff source for info on making copies.
.\"
.ds RC /mclab/pdc/lib
.ds MJ /mclab/pdc/src/mff
.	\" **FIXME**
.	\" comment out above 2 lines and insert appropriate definitions
.	\" RC should the the the directory the system RC file is in
.	\" MJ should be the directory mff source is in
.ie n \{\
.	ds Te TeX
.	ds gf GFtoPK
.	ds mf METAFONT\}
.el \{\
.	ds Te T\v|0.25m|\h|-0.1m|E\v|-0.25m|X
.	ds gf \s-1GF\s0to\s-1PK\s0
.	ds mf \s-1METAFONT\s0\}
.na
.B mff
[
.B \-nvRS
|
.B \-MGTP
.IR template
|
.B \-WCIJ
.IB string = mftext
.if n .RS
|
.B \-Z
.IB dpi = modename
.if t .RS
|
.B \-eE
.IR mftext
.if n .br
|
.B \-x
|
.B \-k
.I factor(s)
|
.B \-p
.I suffix
.if n .br
|
.B \-a
.I atsize(s)
|
.B \-s
.I factor(s)
|
.B \-m
.I magstep(s)
.if n .br
|
.B \-wcij
.I mftext
|
.B \-z
.I modename
|
.B \-d
.I dpi(s)
|
.B \-f
.I file
.if n .br
|
.B \-D
|
.I font 
].\|.\|.
.RE
.LP
.B mff 
.B \-V 
|
.B \-h
.SH CONTENTS
.TP
.SM DESCRIPTION
.PD 0v
Family matters
.br
What
.I mff
does
.br
Using
.I mff
with conventional driver files
.TP
.SM OPTIONS
Choosing which font to create
.br
Parsing the suffix
.br
Templates
.br
Miscellaneous
.TP
.SM ENVIRONMENT
.TP 
.SM FILES
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I mff
is  a front-end to the 
\*(mf
program (see
.IR mf (1)),
and is intended to be useful for creating \*(Te fonts in batches.  It will run
\*(mf
and \*(gf (see
.IR gftopk (1))
and then transfer the files to the correct directories.
.SS "\*SFamily matters"
.I mff
supports conventions that can be used to maintain a family of fonts
derived systematically from common program files.  A family in this
context is a group of related fonts designed together \(em for example,
the Malvern family includes Malvern, Malvern bold extended and Malvern
italic.
.LP
Instead of using one driver file for each variation within the family, a
.I generic driver file
named with the abbreviation of the family name (e.g.,
.BR ma.mf )
is read after the standard
\*(mf
parameter
.B designsize 
and optionally others
(such as
.B weight
or
.BR slant )
have already been assigned values.  Usually other `ad hoc' parameters
are calculated from these and then the character program files read in
to create the font.
.LP
Fonts within the family will be given names formed from the family name
abbreviation, a suffix indicating the variant type and size.  The size
goes at the end and can contain a
.RB ` p '
or
.RB ` m '
standing for a decimal point (there must be a digit before the `decimal
point' and also after it if it is
.RB ` p ').
An 
.RB ` m '
indicates that the size is in millimetres rather than \*(Te points.  For
example,
.B ma35a10
is `ten-point Malvern 35 light',
.B ma55a7p5
is `7.5-pt Malvern', and
.B ma74a4m2
is `4.2-mm Malvern 74 bold extended italic'.  These do
.I not
have to have separate
.B .mf
driver files.
.SS "\*SWhat mff does"
For each
.I font
argument,
.I mff
removes the suffix giving a stub that should be the family name (and
usually the generic driver name).  For example,
.B ma74a12
would have 12\|pt design size and style suffix
.BR 74a ;
.B mabxi4m2
has 4.2\|mm design size and suffix 
.BR bxi .
Then it invokes \*(mf with a first line
.if t .sp 0.5v
.if n .sp
.RS
.BI \e\|mode= modename ;
.B font_size
.IB size ;
.IB "assignments to parameters"  ;
.IB "extra mf text" ;
.B input
.IB driver ;
.B bye.
.RE
.if n .sp
.if t .sp 0.5v
The
.I modename
tells
\*(mf
what sort of device the font is being created for.
The 
.B font_size
command sets the standard \*(mf variable
.B designsize 
(see Appendix\ F of the 
.IR \*(mfbook ).  
The `assignments to parameters' are generated from the suffix and a
lookup table (see under
.I Parsing the suffix
below).
The `extra mf text' (set with
the 
.B \-E
option) might include
more
.B input
commands
(other
.B input
commands 
can't be used before the first
.B input
because it would give the font the wrong name).
.LP
After \*(mf has been run, the \*(gf program is invoked to create the
bitmap file.  The
.SM PK
and 
.SM TFM
files are then renamed into the user's `font area' directories and the
.SM GF
file is removed.
.LP
The tables used to translate suffixes into
\*(mf
code and so on are all definable using command-line options.  See under
the
.B \-f
option and
.SM
.B FILES
below for information on defining such tables sensibly.
.LP
Log files will be named after the generic driver file rather than the
individual fonts, so that if there are many fonts from the same family
in the command line only one log file is written \(em for the last font
generated.  Usually this is a good thing because it slows the
accumulation of useless log files.  If the font is made successfully
then the log file usually is not wanted and if the font fails,
.I mff
terminates and leaves the log file with the error message in it.
.SS "\*SUsing mff with conventional driver files"
To use
.I mff
to create a font using non-generic driver files, use 
the 
.B \-S
option to supress the parsing step.
.LP
To use 
.I mff
with the 
.BR dc / ec
fonts you might try using
.B \-e
.BR gensize=designsize ;
the 
.B generate
command they use is equivalent to 
.BR input .
With the Sauter fonts there is the problem that the generic driver has
.RB ` b\- '
or
.RB ` build\- '
prepended to it; as well as using 
.B \-e
.B design_size=designsize
you will have to use the 
.B \-g
option to get around this (or rename the files).
(I would claim that using the 
.B font_size
macro and builtin variable
.B designsize
is more `obvious' and sensible than making up a new name and using that.
Also, why do neither of those systems appear to take any notice of the #
convention for measurements in `sharp' units?)
.SH OPTIONS
The large number of options is a result of the admittedly eccentric
decision to make the command language used to describe how to make fonts
the same as the language of the command-line options.
.PP
Options and 
.I font
arguments can be intermixed; they are read in left-to-right order.  A
plus replacing a hyphen is used to set something back to its default
value.  Flags that take an argument do not take an argument when used
with a
.BR + .
(See
.IR argloop (3) 
for more details.)
.SS "\*SChoosing which font to create"
An argument named
.I foo(s)
below can be a list of values (the list must still form one shell word,
so should not include unquoted spaces).  For example a valid
.I dpi(s)
would be
.RB ` 118,300 '.  
Each font creation will be performed once for each value.
.TP
.BI \-a " atsize(s)"
This is used to calculate the scaling of following fonts to match a
\*(Te
.RB ` at
.IR size '
specification.  An
.I atsize
is a size which is interpreted as points or millimetres depending on
whether the following font name has an 
.RB ` m '
in the size.  When the next font name is parsed,
.I mff
calculates the nearest magstep (see under
.BR \-m )
to the ratio
.IR at-size \|/\| design-size
and sets the scaling to that value.
For example, if it appears as
.RB ` "\-a 17 ma55a10" ',
the scaling is set to 
magstep 3, which is 1.728, so it is equivalent to 
.RB ` "\-m 3 ma55a10" '.
.B +a
sets the scaling to 1 (same as
.B +s
or 
.BR +m ).
.TP
.BI \-d " dpi(s)"
Sets the device for which fonts are being created.  A
.I dpi
is the number of pixels per inch of the device, used to identify it in
an table of `modenames' (see under
.BR \-Z ).
.B +d
selects 200 DPI (the
.I lowres
device, which is defined in 
.BR plain.mf ).
.TP
.BI \-m " magstep(s)"
Sets the magnification at which 
\*(mf
will be run to be magstep
.IR magstep ,
that is, 1.2 raised to the 
.IR magstep th
power.  A
.I magstep
is either an integer, or
.B h
(meaning magstephalf = sqrt(1.2) = 1.095), or
.B \-h
(meaning 0.913).
.B +m
sets the magnification to be 1.0 (same as
.B +a
or 
.BR +s ).
.TP
.BI \-s " scale(s)"
Sets the \*(mf magnification to
.IR scale .
A
.I scale
can either be a number (possibly including a decimal point) less than
100.0, in which case it is taken as is, or over 100, in which case it is
assumed to be a \*(Te
.B scaled
number and is divided by 1000.
.B +s
sets the magnification to 1.0 (same as
.B +a
or
.BR +m ).
.TP
.BI \-Z " dpi=modename"
Adds an entry to the `modename' table.  This is used to map
.I dpi
values onto the \*(mf names for those devices.  A modename is what goes
after
.RB ` \e\|mode= '
in the \*(mf command line.  If a modename starts with a double-quote
character, as in
.ie t .sp 0.5v
.el .sp
.B
	mff \-Z \(fm500="zambo"\(fm .\|.\|.
.ie t .sp 0.5v
.el .sp
then 
.RB ` \e\|smode= '
is used instead (this causes \*(mf to read a file
.B zambo.mf
rather than attempt to use a predefined mode
\(em see Section\ 4 of Appendix\ B of the 
.IR \*(mfbook ).
.B \-Z \-
discards the `modename' table.
.B +Z
restores the default `modename' table (which contains only Knuth's
.I lowres
device \(em not very useful).
.TP
.BI \-z " modename"
Overrides the modename derived from the `modename' table and the 
.I dpi
value.
.B +z
cancels
.BR \-z.
.SS "\*SParsing the suffix"
Names are parsed from right-to-left.  After the size has been stripped
off, for each of four tables of
.IR suffix = mftext
pairs, if there is a match between a 
.I suffix
and the end of the stub, then the
.I mftext
is inserted into the \*(mf command line and the
.I suffix
is stripped off.  The
.I mftext
is expected to be an assignment or equation, such as
.BR weight=1.25 .
(Semicolons are automatically inserted between them.)
.LP
The resulting stub is taken to be the family name \(em and therefore the
name of the generic driver file.  If it ends in a hyphen, the hyphen is
removed too \(em this is for when the basename would otherwise seem to end
with a suffix.  For example, if
.B fab
was a family name,  you might use
.RB ` fab\-12 '
to avoid having it split as
.B fa\ b\ 12 .
The font created will still be called
.BR fab12.tfm .
(\*(Te font names should not contain hyphens.)
.LP
The tables are intended to provied three dimensions of `variant style'
\- the 
.I weight
(W) table gives an axis from `light' to `bold'; the 
.I condensedness
(C) table gives an axis from `condensed' to `expanded'; and the
.I italic
(I) table chooses roman, italic or obliqued options.  (Omitted suffixes
standing for `regular'.)  
.LP
The fourth table (J) has no fixed meaning, but might be used to select a
subset of the possible characters in that style \(em for example, a full
font might have programs for uppercase, lowercase, small-caps, math
italic, accents, accented letters, punctuation and symbols: more than
can be fitted into 256 characters.  The J table might have entries for
.B msy
(mathematical symbols) and
.B csc
(caps-and-small-caps).  
.LP
The tables are used in the order J, I, C, W;
therefore they appear in the name in the order W, C, I, J.  Thus
.B madcicsc14
might be `fourteen-point Malvern demibold condensed italic
caps-and-small-caps'.
.LP
The meanings of the four tables are not cast in stone, of course.
.TP
.BI \-W " suffix=mftext"
Adds an association to table W.
.B +W
discards table W.
.TP
.BI \-w " mftext"
Overrides the text derived from the W table.  The parsing is still
performed.
.B +w
cancels
.BR \-w.
.LP
The other three tables have corresponding option letters 
.BR \-C ,
.BR \-c ,
.BR \-I ,
.BR \-J ,
.B  \-J
and
.BR \-j .
.TP 
.BI \-g " file"
This overrides the deduced `generic driver file' name.  For example, to
use a file
.B malvern.mf
for the generic driver rather than
.BR ma.mf ,
.I mff
could be invoked with
.B mff 
.B \-g
.BR malvern .
.B +g
cancels 
.BR \-g .
.TP
.B \-S
Indicates that this is a 
.RI fixed- S ize 
font 
\(em the
.I font_size
assignment is omitted from the \*(mf command line and the parsing of the
W, C, I and J suffixes is not attempted.  This is appropriate for
standard fonts like
.B cmr12
which do not have the ability to be built at different sizes.
.SS \*STemplates
The following four options tell
.I mff
how to go about installing a font.
.TP
.BI \-G " template"
Tells
.I mff
how to invoke \*(gf.  If this is just a hyphen, the \s-1GF\s0-to-pixel
step is omitted.
.B +G
sets the \*(gf template to 
.RB ` gfto%p '.
The command is broken into words at whitespace.  For example,
.B mff \-g \(fmgfto%p \-v\(fm .\|.\|.
will use \*(gf in its verbose mode.
.TP
.BI \-M " template"
Tells how to invoke the
\*(mf
program.  
.B +M
sets the 
\*(mf
template to be 
.RB ` mf '.
.TP
.BI \-P " template"
Tells where pixel files ought to be deposited once created.  A value of
just a hyphen means do not rename the pixel files.
If there is no
.B %f
in this template, then it is assumed to be the name of a directory and 
.B %f.%n%p
(and possibly a slash) is implicitly appended to it.
.B +P
resets the pixel directory template to 
.RB ` %f.%n%p '.
(On systems with unreasonably short filenames, the default suffix is 
.RB ` %f/%n.%p '.)
.TP
.BI \-T " template"
Tells where 
.SM TFM 
files ought to be deposited once created.  A value of just a hyphen
means to not move the
.SM TFM
files.
If there is no
.B %f
then 
.B %f.tfm
is implicitly appended.
.B +T
resets the 
.SM TFM
directory template to 
.RB ` %f.tfm '.
.LP
The following %-substitutions are made in templates supplied by the
above commands:
.RS
.TP
.B %%
A percent sign.
.TP
.B %b
The basename of the current font.
.TP
.B %d
The current
.I dpi 
value.
.TP
.B %D
The current
.I dpi
value multipled by the current magnification.
.TP
.B %f
The current 
.I font
name.
.TP
.B %g
the current driver file name (usually the same as 
.BR %b ).
.TP
.B %k
The current
.I factor
times 1000 (set with
.BR \-k ).
.TP
.B %n
The current
.I dpi
value multipled by the current
.IR factor
value 
times
the current magnification
\(em e.g., when making a 
300-dpi
.SM PXL
font, this will be 1500.
.TP
.B %p
The pixel file suffix \(em usually 
.RB ` pk '.
.TP
.B %s
The current magnification, times 1000.
.TP
.B %u
Either 
.B pt
or
.B mm
depending on which units the design size is assumed to be in.
.TP
.B %z
The current modename \(em e.g., 
.RB ` CanonCX '
for a LaserWriter.
.RE
.SS \*SMiscellaneous
.TP
.B \-D
Prints (`dumps') the current values of the table and other variables
used to determine the 
\*(mf
command line.
.TP
.BI \-e " mftext"
Adds extra 
\*(mf
text, which goes before the first
.B input 
command.  Multiple
.B \-e
options accumulate (semicolons are implied between them).
.B +e
discards the  accumulated extra text.
.TP
.BI \-E " mftext"
As
.B \-e
except it goes after the first
.B input
command.
.TP
.BI \-f " file"
The 
.I file
is searched for in the directories listed in the 
.SM MFFPATH
environment variable and if a readable file is found, it is parsed for
more options.  An optional
.B .mff
suffix will be supplied if omitted.  Files can be nested by using
.B \-f
inside a file.
If the 
.I file
is just a hyphen then the standard input stream is used.
.B +f
rereads the initialization files (see under
.SM
.B FILES
below).
See 
.IR argloop (3)
for details about the format of the files.
.TP
.B \-h
Prints a summary of the options.
.TP
.BI \-k " factor(s)"
Uses 
.I factor(s)
to construct pixel file names in the style of
old-fashioned
.SM PXL
files.  The number in the suffix of the pixel file is expected to be
multiplied by the
.IR factor ;
presumably either \s-1GF\s0to\s-1PXL\s0 or something like
.I mftobdf
is being used which shrinks or magnifies pixel files in addition to the
magnification
\*(mf
may be applying.
This list of values is ignored unless 
.B \-x
is used.
.B +k
sets the factor to 5.0 (which is correct for \s-1GF\s0to\s-1PXL\s0).
.TP
.BI \-n
Does a dryrun \(em instead of running
\*(mf
and so on, the operations that would be performed are printed.
Renaming of files is represented as 
.B mv
.I oldname
.IR  newname ,
and deletion of the 
.SM GF
file as
.B rm
.IR gffile .
(That is, the output resembles shell commands.)
.B +n
cancels
.BR \-n .
.TP
.BI \-p " suffix"
Sets the suffix that will be used for pixel files.
.B +p
sets the pixel suffix to 
.RB ` pxl '
if
.B \-x
is in effect,
.RB ` pk '
otherwise.
.TP
.B \-R
Retain (that is, do not delete) the 
.SM GF
file after the \*(gf step is performed.    This is useful if the \*(mf
commands was something like
.IR echo (1)
which does not actually create a 
.SM GF
file in the first place!
.TP
.BI \-v
Set `verbose' mode.  The parsing of options and reading of files will be
described in detail.  (Each line will start with a
.RB ` # '
so that if 
.B \-n
is being used the result is still a reasonable shell script.)
More
.B \-v 
flags cause more verbosity (thus
.B \-vv
or
.B \-vvv
etc.).  Often used but rarely useful.
.B +v
cancels any number of
.B \-v 
options.
.TP
.BI \-V
Print version number information.
.TP
.BI \-x
Assume we are producing
.SM PXL
files or something equally unpleasant, and so multiply pixel file
suffixes by 
.I factor(s)
set by 
.B \-k
above.
.B +x
turns off 
.BR \-x .
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.TP
.SM MFFINIT
This is parsed for options before the command-line is read.
(Double-quotes can be used as in files.)
.TP
.SM MFFPATH
This is a colon-separated list of directories in which files for the
.B \-f
option can be found.  If this is not set, just the current directory is
searched.
.TP
.SM PATH
Used when searching for \*(mf and \*(gf executables.
.SH FILES
.TP
.B \*(RC/mff.rc
.PD 0v
.TP
.B $HOME/.mffrc
.TP
.B ./mff.rc
.PD
These files are read for options when
.I mff
starts up (or when requested with the 
.B +f
option) before the
.SM MFFINIT
variable and the command-line arguments.
The system 
.B mff.rc
can contain system-wide setups, like the local printing devices and
standard suffixes.  The user `rc' files allow per-user and per-project
tailoring.
.TP
.B \(**.mff
Other files containing
.I mff
options.
.TP
.B \*(MJ/example.mffrc
An example 
.I $\s-1HOME\s0/.mffrc
file.
(\*(MJ is the directory 
.I mff
source is in).
.TP
.B \*(MJ/{cm,Ditko,mflogo}/*
Examples of \*(mf fonts designed to be used with 
.IR mff .
.TP
.B \(**.mf
\*(MF source files.
.TP
.IB driver .log
Log file created by \*(mf.
.TP
.B \(**.tfm
\*(Te font metric file, created by \*(mf and used by \*(Te.
.TP
.B \(**.\(**gf
Generic font file, created by \*(mf and turned into a
.SM PK
file by \*(gf.
.TP
.B \(**.\(**pk
Bitmap file, created from the 
.SM GF
file
and used by
.SM DVI
drivers such as 
.IR dvips (1).
(On systems with short filenames, a file 
.IB driver .pk
is used to store the output of \*(gf before it is renamed as per the 
.B \-P
option.)
.SH AUTHOR
Damian Cugley  <pdc@prg.ox.ac.uk>
.LP
Please send bug reports, fixes and comments to 
<malvern@prg.ox.ac.uk>
\(em this is a mailing list that you can join by sending a request to me
at the address
<malvern-request@prg.ox.ac.uk>.
The Malvern list is also for discussion
of Malvern, a \*(mf font designed to take advantage of
.IR mff 's
special features; it ought to be available from the same archive that 
.I mff
was obtained from.
.LP
If you find
.I mff
amusing or useful, please send a pretty postcard to Damian Cugley,
Computing Laboratory, 11\ Keble Road, Oxford, UK  OX1\ 3QD.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
mf(1), gftopk(1), argloop(3), findfile(3)
.LP
The
.I mff
source files.
.LP
Donald E. Knuth, 
.I The \*(mfbook.
Addison-Wesley, 1986.  ISBN 0\-201\-13444\-6.
.LP
Donald E. Knuth, 
.I The \*(Tebook.
Addison-Wesley, 1984.  ISBN 0\-201\-13448\-9.
.SH LIMITATIONS
The command-line passed to \*(mf is limited to 512 characters.  The
commands supplied with 
.B \-M
and
.B \-G
are limited to 1024 characters when the %-substitutions are expanded.
.SH NOTES
This program used to be called 
.I mfjob
but has been renamed (as of version 2.8) to prevent confusion with the
MFjob program that is part of Eberhard Mattes' em\*(Te distribution for
MS-DOS and OS/2 computers.  An immediate consequence is that the default
suffix for files of options, and the name of `rc' files, have changed.
There are also some other minor incompatible changes incorportated at
the same time.
.PP
For information on differences for 
.IR gcc -based
Atari ST systems,
see
.IR argloop (3)
and
.IR findfile (3).
.SH BUGS
It seemed sensible at the time to indicate which mode to use with the
dots-per-inch value because this number is generally much shorter than
the corresponding mode name.  Systems with printers with the same pixel
density but otherwise different characteristics require the use of
.BR \-z .
This system also fails to make sense if a printer has a bizarre
dots-per-inch value, such as 4000/3.