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# stixfonts
OpenType Unicode fonts for Scientific, Technical, and Mathematical texts
## Overview
* See https://www.stixfonts.org/ for background on the the STIX Fonts
project.
* Download [zip files](zipfiles) with some or all of the fonts.
* View [code charts](docs) for the
* [Math](docs/STIXTwoMath-Regular.pdf),
* [Regular text](docs/STIXTwoText-Regular.pdf),
fonts.
### Type 1 fonts (STIX 2.0.0 only)
The STIX Two fonts are OpenType fonts and are meant to be used in that
format. For the benefit of LaTeX users who are unable to use XeTeX or
luaTeX, we have also provided version 2.0.0 of the STIX fonts as a
[set of TFM files and Type 1 fonts](https://github.com/stipub/stix_type1).
Note that **no further updates** are planned to the Type 1
distribution; future development efforts will focus on improving the
OpenType fonts.
## About the STIX fonts.
The Scientific and Technical Information eXchange (STIX) fonts are
intended to satisfy the demanding needs of authors, publishers,
printers, and others working in the scientific, medical, and technical
fields. They combine a comprehensive Unicode-based collection of
mathematical symbols and alphabets with a set of text faces suitable
for professional publishing. The fonts are available royalty-free
under the SIL Open Font License.
Version 2 of the STIX fonts, now known as "STIX Two", is a thorough
revision undertaken by the renowned type house Tiro Typeworks
Ltd. (https://www.tiro.com). The STIX Two fonts consist of one Math
font, two variable text fonts (STIXTwoTextVF-Roman and
STIXTwoTextVF-Italic), and eight static text fonts (Regular, Italic,
Medium, Medium Italic, SemiBold, SemiBold Italic, Bold, and Bold
Italic) derived from the variable fonts. Together, they provide a
uniform set of fonts that can be used throughout the production
process, whether that be a traditional print-only process, an entirely
electronic one, or a combination of the two.
The [STIX project](https://www.stixfonts.org/) began through the joint
efforts of
[American Mathematical Society](https://www.ams.org/) (AMS),
[American Institute of Physics](https://www.aip.org/) (AIP),
[American Physical Society](https://www.aps.org/) (APS),
[American Chemical Society](https://www.acs.org/) (ACS),
The [Institute of Electrical and Electronic](https://www.ieee.org/) Engineers (IEEE),
and [Elsevier](https://www.elsevier.com/).
These companies are collectively known as the STI Pub companies.
### A Fresh Take on Times Roman
The original version of STIX was based on Times Roman, which has now
been updated for the digital age.
As is well known, Times Roman was originally intended for printing the
*London Times*. What is not generally appreciated is that the
production quality of the *Times* was atypically high: It was printed
on unusually high-quality paper on presses that operated more slowly
than most newspaper presses. This allowed for the design of a
typeface that could exploit this level of care: serifs could be much
finer and counters (enclosed areas such as that in the lowercase *e*)
could be much smaller than in other newspaper typefaces. These
features of the font have not always fared well in less exacting
environments. At the same time, a notable quirk of the Times Roman
family is that the bold font is, in many respects, strikingly
dissimilar to the roman font.
Tiro Typeworks explain their approach to updating the Times Roman
basis of STIX as follows:
> “Our principal goal in approaching STIX Two was to address several
> inherent deficiencies in the Times New Roman model as well as expand
> the typographic features. This process necessarily involved
> diverging somewhat from Times as familiar to people who have only
> known the common digital versions, while simultaneously restoring to
> that typeface aspects of the size-appropriate design characteristics
> that made it so successful in newspaper, book, and journal
> publishing in it’s metal type incarnation. The essential
> ‘Times-ness’ remains, but are with greater harmonisation of style
> across the family.
>
> “Most digital versions of Times have been based on an optical size
> model that appears too light and fine when scaled down to typical
> text sizes. In the design of STIX Two, we went back to specimens of
> size-specific designs from the metal era, and adapted proportions,
> weights, and spacing of the 10pt and 12pt designs. The oft-noted
> mismatch between the style of different weights of Times has been
> resolved with a new bold design that matches the construction of the
> regular weight.”
### Font implementation decisions
* The STIX fonts do not contain fixed-width or sans serif text faces.
* The sans serif, fraktur, script, etc., alphabets in Plane 1
(U+1D400-U+1D4FF) are intended to be used only as technical symbols.
* These fonts are designed to support left-to-right typesetting in
Latin-based scripts, with additional support for Greek and Cyrillic
text. Extensions to support other writing directions have been
considered, but are currently deemed to be outside the scope of the
STIX project.
### Note to TeX users
These fonts have been tested with both
[XeTeX](http://xetex.sourceforge.net/)
and
[luaTeX](http://www.luatex.org/)
with good results. For best results, XeTeX users will want to use
version 0.999992 or later of XeTeX, which ships with
[TeXLive 2020](https://www.tug.org/texlive/).
This version fixes a number of bugs that were present in earlier
versions. Our thanks go out to Jonathan Kew and Khaled Hosny for
their generous help in identifying and fixing these bugs. LaTeX users
should also make sure they have the latest version of the
[amsmath package](https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath).
## Summary of OpenType Features and Scripts
Further details these features can be found in the [font charts](docs).
The text fonts implement the following OpenType script tags:
Regular Bold Italic BoldItalic
DFLT DFLT DFLT DFLT Default
cyrl cyrl cyrl cyrl Cyrillic
cyrl.MKD cyrl.MKD Cyrillic/Macedonian
cyrl.SRB cyrl.SRB Cyrillic/Serbian
grek grek grek grek Greek
latn latn latn latn Latin
latn.LTH latn.LTH latn.LTH latn.LTH Latin/Lithuanian
latn.ROM latn.ROM latn.ROM latn.ROM Latin/Romanian
latn.TRK latn.TRK latn.TRK latn.TRK Latin/Turkish
and the following features
c2sc Small Capitals from Capitals
case Case-Sensitive Forms
ccmp Glyph Composition/Decomposition
dnom Denominators
frac Fractions
kern Kerning
liga Standard Ligatures -- latn only
locl Localized Forms -- latn.ROM and Italic/BoldItalic cyrl.MKD only
numr Numerators
onum Oldstyle Figures
pnum Proportional Figures
smcp Small Capitals
subs Subscript
sups Superscript
All four text fonts also support the following Character Variants:
cv01 U+019B Lambda with horizontal, not slanted stroke -- latn only
cv02 U+0264 Rams horn with serifs -- latn only
cv03 U+2423 OPEN BOX curved instead of straight
In addition, the Italic and BoldItalic faces support the following
Stylistic Variants:
ss01 Replace two-story g by hooked g -- Italic/BoldItalic only
ss02 Upright parens, brackets, and braces -- Italic/BoldItalic only
STIX Two Math implements the following font features:
ccmp Glyph Composition/Decomposition
dtls Dotless forms of i and j
flac Flattened accents
ssty Math Script style alternates
and the following Character Variant (note the different meaning
compared to the text fonts):
cv03 Replace U2205 EMPTY SET by an oblate form
and the following Stylistic Sets (again, note that ss01 and ss02 have
different meanings compared to the text fonts):
ss01 Stylistic Set 1 -- Math chancery to roundhand (\mathcal -> \mathscr)
ss02 Stylistic Set 2 -- Alternate italic forms: g, u, v, w, z
ss03 Stylistic Set 3 -- Horizontal crossbar variants
ss04 Stylistic Set 4 -- Minute, second and primes to long variants
ss05 Stylistic Set 5 -- Short arrow variants
ss06 Stylistic Set 6 -- Short/narrow variants
ss07 Stylistic Set 7 -- Alternate math symbols (product, summation, etc)
ss08 Stylistic Set 8 -- Upright integral variants; XITS compatible
ss09 Stylistic Set 9 -- Vertical slash variants; XITS compatible
ss10 Stylistic Set 10 -- Diagonal greater/lesser combination variants
ss11 Stylistic Set 11 -- Long slash not-equal combination variants
ss12 Stylistic Set 12 -- Low contrast (sans-like) variants
ss13 Stylistic Set 13 -- Horizontally flipped sine wave glyph
ss14 Stylistic Set 14 -- Tall variants
ss15 Stylistic Set 15 -- Slab serif symbol variants
ss16 Stylistic Set 16 -- Circled operator variants
ss20 Stylistic Set 20 -- Miscellaneous variants
## Build instructions
After cloning the project, the fonts can be built using the `build.sh` script (use `--verbose` option for more detailed build log):
$ ./build.sh
This may take several minutes to complete. The first time the script is called, it will create a Python virtual environment that will be also used for subsequent builds. Each time the script is called, the fonts will be rebuilt from scratch. The built fonts will be in `build` subdirectory, and should be manually copied and committed to `fonts` subdirectory.
### Notes on source formats and build process
The design masters for the STIX Two Text fonts are the **.vfj** files, a json source format used by FontLab 7. These files contain the glyph outlines, spacing, mark anchors, kerning and associated classes, font info, and variable design space info. Changes or additions to any of these things should be made in the .vfj files.
The build script used to generate font files uses the **.ufo** and **.designspace** files, not the .vfj sources directly. These files can be exported from FontLab 7 using the default export profile for ‘DesignSpace + UFO’.
The **.ren** files are glyph name management files used by the build script to manage the relationship of development names in the sources to the build names used in the post or CFF tables of the fonts.
Because of issues with editing and managing OpenType Layout GPOS in variable font sources, the OTL projects for the STIX Two Text fonts are built in Microsoft’s [Visual OpenType Layout Tool](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/tools/volt/) (VOLT). This means changes to OTL, including updates to mark anchors and kerning implemented in the .vfj sources need to be passed through VOLT, updated in the **.vtp** VOLT project files, and compiled in **.input.ttf** which are then used by the build script as a source for the OTL tables in the fonts.
Obviously, any changes or extension to the glyph set in the .vfj design sources needs to be reflected in each of the other sources used in the build process: in the .ufo files, the .ren file glyph name lists, and especially in the .input.ttf files and .vtp project files. Fresh .input.ttf files can be exported from FontLab 7, opened in VOLT, and the .vtp project files imported and updated.
Note that if changes or updates are made to mark anchors or kerning or associated classes in the .vfj sources, these need to be converted to VOLT format and imported into the projects, replacing or updating existing VOLT lookups and groups. This can be done using the [vfj-to-volt.py](https://github.com/TiroTypeworks/TiroTools/tree/master/VFJtools) tool.
The revised .vtp files should then be exported for future use, and the .input.ttf fonts *shipped* from VOLT (this is important, because although the fonts will work if just compiled and saved in VOLT, they will contain private VOLT source tables and unregistered OTL features that will be then end up in the fonts generated by the build script; so use the ‘Ship Font’ option in VOLT and overwrite the .input.ttf file (save a copy with the VOLT project, if you like, but so long as you remembered to export the updated .vtp you can always reimport as needed)).
**IMPORTANT** : the STIXTwoMath-Regular.input.ttf file is also the source for the MATH table and cmap table in the final font build. Care must be taken to preserve or extend these as necessary in this file when updating OpenType Layout or other aspects of the font.
Once all the source files are ready, run the **build.sh** as described above. The build script describes what it is doing as it runs, and verbose mode can be used to get more detail. In overview, this is what it does:
1. Pre-process the UFO files to:
a) remove all features and kerning groups from the UFOs; b) rename the glyphs to match the TTFs (otherwise the binary tables can’t be grafted in with FontTools easily); c) extract the binary tables and add them under data/com.github.fonttools.ttx/ in the UFO font where ufo2ft expects them; d) save the modified files in build/masters to keep the sources unchanged.
1. Build variable font with fontmake from build/masters UFOs.
1. Build binary masters with fontmake (needed for the next step) from UFOs.
1. Build static fonts with fontmake from UFOs, but telling it to interpolate OTL tables from the binary masters.
1. Post-process the fonts to fix the name tables and other final touchups.
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