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+}
+
+
+ IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111)))) IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111))))
+ 11113333 MMMMaaaarrrrcccchhhh 1111999999993333 IIIIPPPPDDDD222211119999
+
+
+
+ NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
+ icon - interpret or compile Icon programs
+
+ SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
+ icont [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]
+ iconc [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]
+
+ DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
+ icont and iconc each convert an Icon source program into executable
+ form. icont translates quickly and provides interpretive execution.
+ iconc takes longer to compile but produces programs that execute
+ faster. icont and iconc for the most part can be used
+ interchangeably.
+
+ This manual page describes both icont and iconc. Where there there are
+ differences in usage between icont and iconc, these are noted.
+
+ FFFFiiiilllleeee NNNNaaaammmmeeeessss:::: Files whose names end in .icn are assumed to be Icon
+ source files. The .icn suffix may be omitted; if it is not present, it
+ is supplied. The character - can be used to indicate an Icon source
+ file given in standard input. Several source files can be given on
+ the same command line; if so, they are combined to produce a single
+ program.
+
+ The name of the executable file is the base name of the first input
+ file, formed by deleting the suffix, if present. stdin is used for
+ source programs given in standard input.
+
+ PPPPrrrroooocccceeeessssssssiiiinnnngggg:::: As noted in the synopsis above, icont and iconc accept
+ options followed by file names, optionally followed by -x and
+ arguments. If -x is given, the program is executed automatically and
+ any following arguments are passed to it.
+
+ icont: The processing performed by icont consists of two phases:
+ _t_r_a_n_s_l_a_t_i_o_n and _l_i_n_k_i_n_g. During translation, each Icon source file is
+ translated into an intermediate language called _u_c_o_d_e. Two ucode files
+ are produced for each source file, with base names from the source
+ file and suffixes .u1 and .u2. During linking, the one or more pairs
+ of ucode files are combined to produce a single _i_c_o_d_e file. The ucode
+ files are deleted after the icode file is created.
+
+ Processing by icont can be terminated after translation by the -c
+ option. In this case, the ucode files are not deleted. The names of
+ .u1 files from previous translations can be given on the icont command
+ line. These files and the corresponding .u2 files are included in the
+ linking phase after the translation of any source files. The suffix
+ .u can be used in place of .u1; in this case the 1 is supplied
+ automatically. Ucode files that are explicitly named are not deleted.
+
+ iconc: The processing performed by iconc consists of two phases: _c_o_d_e
+ _g_e_n_e_r_a_t_i_o_n and _c_o_m_p_i_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _l_i_n_k_i_n_g. The code generation phase
+
+
+
+ - 1 - Formatted: December 9, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111)))) IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111))))
+ 11113333 MMMMaaaarrrrcccchhhh 1111999999993333 IIIIPPPPDDDD222211119999
+
+
+
+ produces C code, consisting of a .c and a .h file, with the base name
+ of the first source file. These files are then compiled and linked to
+ produce an executable binary file. The C files normally are deleted
+ after compilation and linking.
+
+ Processing by iconc can be terminated after code generation by the -c
+ option. In this case, the C files are not deleted.
+
+ OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
+ The following options are recognized by icont and iconc:
+
+ -c Stop after producing intermediate files and do not delete them.
+
+ -e _f_i_l_e
+ Redirect standard error output to _f_i_l_e.
+
+ -m Preprocess each .icn source file with the _m_4(_1) macro processor.
+
+ -o _n_a_m_e
+ Name the output file _n_a_m_e.
+
+ -s Suppress informative messages. Normally, both informative
+ messages and error messages are sent to standard error output.
+
+ -t Arrange for &trace to have an initial value of -1 when the program
+ is executed and for iconc enable debugging features.
+
+ -u Issue warning messages for undeclared identifiers in the program.
+
+ -E Direct the results of preprocessing to standard output and inhibit
+ further processing.
+
+ The following additional options are recognized by iconc:
+
+ -f _s_t_r_i_n_g
+ Enable features as indicated by the letters in _s_t_r_i_n_g:
+
+ a all, equivalent to delns
+
+ d enable debugging features: display(), name(), variable(),
+ error trace back, and the effect of -f n (see below)
+
+ e enable error conversion
+
+ l enable large-integer arithmetic
+
+ n produce code that keeps track of line numbers and file names
+ in the source code
+
+ s enable full string invocation
+
+
+
+
+ - 2 - Formatted: December 9, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111)))) IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111))))
+ 11113333 MMMMaaaarrrrcccchhhh 1111999999993333 IIIIPPPPDDDD222211119999
+
+
+
+ -n _s_t_r_i_n_g
+ Disable specific optimizations. These are indicated by the letters
+ in _s_t_r_i_n_g:
+
+ a all, equivalent to cest
+
+ c control flow optimizations other than switch statement
+ optimizations
+
+ e expand operations in-line when reasonable (keywords are always
+ put in-line)
+
+ s optimize switch statements associated with operation
+ invocations
+
+ t type inference
+
+ -p _a_r_g
+ Pass _a_r_g on to the C compiler used by iconc
+
+ -r _p_a_t_h
+ Use the run-time system at _p_a_t_h, which must end with a slash.
+
+ -v _i
+ Set verbosity level of informative messages to _i
+
+ -_C _p_r_g
+ Have iconc use the C compiler given by _p_r_g
+
+ EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT VVVVAAAARRRRIIIIAAAABBBBLLLLEEEESSSS
+ When an Icon program is executed, several environment variables are
+ examined to determine certain execution parameters. Values in
+ parentheses are the default values.
+
+ BLKSIZE (65000)
+ The initial size of the allocated block region, in bytes.
+
+ COEXPSIZE (2000)
+ The size, in words, of each co-expression block.
+
+ DBLIST
+ The location of data bases for iconc to search before the standard
+ one. The value of DBLIST should be a blank-separated string of
+ the form _p_1 _p_2 ... _p_n where the _p_i name directories.
+
+ ICONCORE
+ If set, a core dump is produced for error termination.
+
+ ICONX
+ The location of iconx, the executor for icode files, is built into
+ an icode file when it is produced. This location can be overridden
+
+
+
+ - 3 - Formatted: December 9, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111)))) IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111))))
+ 11113333 MMMMaaaarrrrcccchhhh 1111999999993333 IIIIPPPPDDDD222211119999
+
+
+
+ by setting the environment variable ICONX. If ICONX is not set
+ and iconx is not found on the built-in path, PATH is searched for
+ it. If this environment variable is set, it specifies the
+ location of iconx to use to execute an icode file.
+
+ IPATH
+ The location of ucode files specified in link declarations for
+ icont. IPATH is a blank-separated list of directories. The
+ current directory is always searched first, regardless of the
+ value of IPATH.
+
+ LPATH
+ The location of source files specified in link declarations for
+ iconc. LPATH is otherwise similar to IPATH.
+
+ MSTKSIZE (10000)
+ The size, in words, of the main interpreter stack for icont.
+
+ NOERRBUF
+ By default, &errout is buffered. If this variable is set, &errout
+ is not buffered.
+
+ QLSIZE (5000)
+ The size, in bytes, of the region used for pointers to strings
+ during garbage collection.
+
+ STRSIZE (65000)
+ The initial size of the string space, in bytes.
+
+ TRACE
+ The initial value of &trace. If this variable has a value, it
+ overrides the translation-time -t option.
+
+ FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
+ icont Icon translator
+ iconc Icon compiler
+ iconx Icon executor
+
+ SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
+ _T_h_e _I_c_o_n _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_i_n_g _L_a_n_g_u_a_g_e, Ralph E. Griswold and Madge T.
+ Griswold, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Second
+ Edition, 1990. _V_e_r_s_i_o_n _8._1_0 _o_f _I_c_o_n, Ralph E. Griswold, Clinton L.
+ Jeffery, and Gregg M. Townsend, IPD212, Department of Computer
+ Science, The University of Arizona, 1993. _U_s_i_n_g _V_e_r_s_i_o_n _8._1_0 _o_f _t_h_e
+ _I_c_o_n _C_o_m_p_i_l_e_r, Ralph E. Griswold, IPD214, Department of Computer
+ Science, The University of Arizona, 1993. m4(1), icon_vt(1)
+
+ LLLLIIIIMMMMIIIITTTTAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS AAAANNNNDDDD BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
+ The icode files for the interpreter do not stand alone; the Icon run-
+ time system (iconx) must be present. Stack overflow is checked using
+ a heuristic that is not always effective. If the -m option is used,
+
+
+
+ - 4 - Formatted: December 9, 1994
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111)))) IIIICCCCOOOONNNN((((1111))))
+ 11113333 MMMMaaaarrrrcccchhhh 1111999999993333 IIIIPPPPDDDD222211119999
+
+
+
+ line numbers reported in error messages and tracing messages are from
+ the file after, not before, preprocessing.
+
+
+
+
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+ - 5 - Formatted: December 9, 1994
+
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+