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+% standard macros for CWEB listings (in addition to plain.tex)
+% Version 3.70 --- July 2017
+\ifx\renewenvironment\undefined\else\endinput\fi % LaTeX will use other macros
+\xdef\fmtversion{\fmtversion+CWEB3.70}
+\chardef\cwebversion=3 \chardef\cwebrevision=70
+\newif\ifpdf
+\ifx\pdf+\pdftrue\fi
+% Uncomment the following line if you want PDF goodies to be the default
+%\ifx\pdf-\else\pdftrue\fi
+\def\pdflinkcolor{0 0 1} % the RGB values for hyperlink color
+\newif\ifpdftex
+\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined \pdftexfalse \else\ifnum\pdfoutput=0 \pdftexfalse
+%\else \pdftextrue \pdfoutput=1 \input pdfcolor \let\setcolor\pdfsetcolor \fi\fi
+\else \pdftextrue \pdfoutput=1 % changed in 3.69
+ \def\Black{\pdfliteral{0 g 0 G}} % use rgb colors for direct PDF output too
+ \def\Blue{\pdfliteral{0 0 1 rg 0 0 1 RG}}
+\fi\fi
+\newif\ifacro \ifpdf\acrotrue\fi \ifpdftex\acrotrue\fi
+
+\let\:=\. % preserve a way to get the dot accent
+ % (all other accents will still work as usual)
+
+\parskip 0pt % no stretch between paragraphs
+\parindent 1em % for paragraphs and for the first line of C text
+
+\font\ninerm=cmr9
+\let\mc=\ninerm % medium caps
+\def\CEE/{{\mc C\spacefactor1000}}
+\def\UNIX/{{\mc U\kern-.05emNIX\spacefactor1000}}
+\def\TEX/{\TeX}
+\def\CPLUSPLUS/{{\mc C\PP\spacefactor1000}}
+\def\Cee{\CEE/} % for backward compatibility
+\def\9#1{}
+ % with this definition of \9 you can say @:sort key}{TeX code@>
+ % to alphabetize an index entry by the sort key but format with the TeX code
+\font\eightrm=cmr8
+\let\sc=\eightrm % for smallish caps (NOT a caps-and-small-caps font)
+\let\mainfont=\tenrm
+\let\cmntfont\tenrm
+%\font\tenss=cmss10 \let\cmntfont\tenss % alternative comment font
+\font\titlefont=cmr7 scaled\magstep4 % title on the contents page
+\font\ttitlefont=cmtt10 scaled\magstep2 % typewriter type in title
+\font\tentex=cmtex10 % TeX extended character set (used in strings)
+\fontdimen7\tentex=0pt % no double space after sentences
+
+\def\\#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % italic type for identifiers
+\def\|#1{\leavevmode\hbox{$#1$}} % one-letter identifiers look better this way
+\def\&#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\bf
+ \def\_{\kern.04em\vbox{\hrule width.3em height .6pt}\kern.08em}%
+ #1\/\kern.05em}} % boldface type for reserved words
+\def\.#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\tentex % typewriter type for strings
+ \let\\=\BS % backslash in a string
+ \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
+ \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
+ \let\~=\TL % tilde in a string
+ \let\ =\SP % space in a string
+ \let\_=\UL % underline in a string
+ \let\&=\AM % ampersand in a string
+ \let\^=\CF % circumflex in a string
+ #1\kern.05em}}
+\def\){{\tentex\kern-.05em}\discretionary{\hbox{\tentex\BS}}{}{}}
+\def\AT{@} % at sign for control text (not needed in versions >= 2.9)
+\def\ATL{\par\noindent\bgroup\catcode`\_=12 \postATL} % print @l in limbo
+\def\postATL#1 #2 {\bf letter \\{\uppercase{\char"#1}}
+ tangles as \tentex "#2"\egroup\par}
+\def\noATL#1 #2 {}
+\def\noatl{\let\ATL=\noATL} % suppress output from @l
+\def\ATH{{\acrofalse\X\kern-.5em:Preprocessor definitions\X}}
+\let\PB=\relax % hook for program brackets |...| in TeX part or section name
+
+\chardef\AM=`\& % ampersand character in a string
+\chardef\BS=`\\ % backslash in a string
+\chardef\LB=`\{ % left brace in a string
+\chardef\RB=`\} % right brace in a string
+\def\SP{{\tt\char`\ }} % (visible) space in a string
+\chardef\TL=`\~ % tilde in a string
+\chardef\UL=`\_ % underline character in a string
+\chardef\CF=`\^ % circumflex character in a string
+
+\newbox\PPbox % symbol for ++
+\setbox\PPbox=\hbox{\kern.5pt\raise1pt\hbox{\sevenrm+\kern-1pt+}\kern.5pt}
+\def\PP{\copy\PPbox}
+\newbox\MMbox \setbox\MMbox=\hbox{\kern.5pt\raise1pt\hbox{\sevensy\char0
+ \kern-1pt\char0}\kern.5pt}
+\def\MM{\copy\MMbox}
+\newbox\MGbox % symbol for ->
+\setbox\MGbox=\hbox{\kern-2pt\lower3pt\hbox{\teni\char'176}\kern1pt}
+\def\MG{\copy\MGbox}
+\def\MRL#1{\mathrel{\let\K==#1}}
+%\def\MRL#1{\KK#1}\def\KK#1#2{\buildrel\;#1\over{#2}}
+\let\GG=\gg
+\let\LL=\ll
+\let\NULL=\Lambda
+\mathchardef\AND="2026 % bitwise and; also \& (unary operator)
+\let\OR=\mid % bitwise or
+\let\XOR=\oplus % bitwise exclusive or
+\def\CM{{\sim}} % bitwise complement
+\newbox\MODbox \setbox\MODbox=\hbox{\eightrm\%}
+\def\MOD{\mathbin{\copy\MODbox}}
+\def\DC{\kern.1em{::}\kern.1em} % symbol for ::
+\def\PA{\mathbin{.*}} % symbol for .*
+\def\MGA{\mathbin{\MG*}} % symbol for ->*
+\def\this{\&{this}}
+
+\newbox\bak \setbox\bak=\hbox to -1em{} % backspace one em
+\newbox\bakk\setbox\bakk=\hbox to -2em{} % backspace two ems
+
+\newcount\ind % current indentation in ems
+\def\1{\global\advance\ind by1\hangindent\ind em} % indent one more notch
+\def\2{\global\advance\ind by-1} % indent one less notch
+\def\3#1{\hfil\penalty#10\hfilneg} % optional break within a statement
+\def\4{\copy\bak} % backspace one notch
+\def\5{\hfil\penalty-1\hfilneg\kern2.5em\copy\bakk\ignorespaces}% optional break
+\def\6{\ifmmode\else\par % forced break
+ \hangindent\ind em\noindent\kern\ind em\copy\bakk\ignorespaces\fi}
+\def\7{\Y\6} % forced break and a little extra space
+\def\8{\hskip-\ind em\hskip 2em} % no indentation
+
+\newcount\gdepth % depth of current major group, plus one
+\newcount\secpagedepth
+\secpagedepth=3 % page breaks will occur for depths -1, 0, and 1
+\newtoks\gtitle % title of current major group
+\newskip\intersecskip \intersecskip=12pt minus 3pt % space between sections
+\let\yskip=\smallskip
+\def\?{\mathrel?}
+\def\note#1#2.{\Y\noindent{\hangindent2em%
+ \baselineskip10pt\eightrm#1~\ifacro{\pdfnote#2.}\else#2\fi.\par}}
+
+\newtoks\toksA \newtoks\toksB \newtoks\toksC \newtoks\toksD
+\newtoks\toksE \newtoks\toksF \newtoks\usersanitizer
+\newcount\countA \countA=0 \newcount\countB \countB=0
+\newcount\countC \countC=0
+\newif\iftokprocessed \newif\ifTnum \newif\ifinstr
+{\def\\{\global\let\spacechar= }\\ }
+
+\ifacro % The following are pdf macros
+\def\thewidth{\the\wd0 \space}
+\def\theheight{\the\ht\strutbox\space}
+\def\thedepth{\the\dp\strutbox\space}
+\ifpdftex
+ \ifx\pdfannotlink\undefined\let\pdfannotlink\pdfstartlink\fi% for pdfTeX 0.14
+ \def\pdflink#1#2{\hbox{\pdfannotlink height\ht\strutbox depth\dp\strutbox
+ attr{/Border [0 0 0]} goto num #1 \Blue #1\Black\pdfendlink}} % changed 3.69
+\else\def\pdflink#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{\special{pdf: bc [ \pdflinkcolor ]}{#1}%
+ \special{pdf: ec}}\special{pdf: ann width \thewidth height \theheight
+ depth \thedepth << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link
+ /Border [0 0 0] /A << /S /GoTo /D (#2) >> >>}\box0\relax}\fi
+\def\pdfnote#1.{\setbox0=\hbox{\toksA={#1.}\toksB={}\maketoks}\the\toksA}
+\def\firstsecno#1.{\setbox0=\hbox{\toksA={#1.}\toksB={}%
+ \def\makenote{\addtokens\toksB{\the\toksC}\def\makenote{\toksD={}
+ \toksC={}\let\space\empty}\makenote}\maketoks}}
+\def\addtokens#1#2{\edef\addtoks{\noexpand#1={\the#1#2}}\addtoks}
+\def\poptoks#1#2|ENDTOKS|{\let\first=#1\toksD={#1}%
+ \ifcat\noexpand\first0\countB=`#1\else\countB=0\fi\toksA={#2}}
+\def\maketoks{\expandafter\poptoks\the\toksA|ENDTOKS|%
+ \ifnum\countB>`9 \countB=0 \fi
+ \ifnum\countB<`0
+ \ifnum0=\countC\else\makenote\fi
+ \ifx\first.\let\next=\maketoksdone\else
+ \let\next=\maketoks
+ \addtokens\toksB{\the\toksD}
+ \ifx\first,\addtokens\toksB{\space}\fi
+ \fi
+ \else \addtokens\toksC{\the\toksD}\global\countC=1\let\next=\maketoks
+ \fi
+ \next
+}
+\def\makenote{\addtokens\toksB
+ {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}{\romannumeral\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countC=0}
+\def\maketoksdone{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st}
+\def\pdfURL#1#2{\ifpdftex\pdfannotlink height\ht\strutbox depth\dp\strutbox
+ attr {/Border [0 0 0]} user { /Type /Action /Subtype /Link /A
+ << /S /URI /URI (#2) >>}\Blue #1\Black \pdfendlink % changed in 3.69
+ \else \ifpdf{\setbox0=\hbox{\special{pdf: bc [ \pdflinkcolor ]}{#1}%
+ \special{pdf: ec}}\special{pdf: ann width \thewidth\space height \theheight
+ \space depth \thedepth\space << /Border [0 0 0]
+ /Type /Action /Subtype /Link /A << /S /URI /URI (#2) >> >>}\box0\relax}%
+ \else #1 ({\tt#2})\fi\fi}
+{\catcode`\~=12 \gdef\TILDE/{~}} % ~ in a URL
+{\catcode`\_=12 \gdef\UNDER/{_}} % _ in a URL
+\def\sanitizecommand#1#2{\addtokens\usersanitizer
+ {\noexpand\dosanitizecommand\noexpand#1{#2}}}
+\def\dosanitizecommand#1#2{\ifx\nxt#1\addF{#2}\fi}
+
+\catcode`\[=1 \catcode`\]=2 \catcode`\{=12 \catcode`\}=12
+ \def\lbchar[{] \def\rbchar[}]
+\catcode`\[=12 \catcode`\]=12 \catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\catcode`\~=12 \def\tildechar{~} \catcode`\~=13
+\catcode`\|=0 |catcode`|\=12 |def|bschar{\} |catcode`|\=0 \catcode`\|=12
+\def\makeoutlinetoks{\Tnumfalse\afterassignment\makeolproctok\let\nxt= }
+\def\makeolnexttok{\afterassignment\makeolproctok\let\nxt= }
+\def\makeolgobbletok{\afterassignment\makeolnexttok\let\nxt= }
+\def\addF#1{\addtokens\toksF{#1}\tokprocessedtrue}
+% now comes a routine to "sanitize" section names, for pdf outlines
+\def\makeolproctok{\tokprocessedfalse
+ \let\next\makeolnexttok % default
+ \ifx\nxt\outlinedone\let\next\outlinedone
+ \else\ifx{\nxt \else\ifx}\nxt \Tnumfalse \instrfalse % skip braces
+ \else\ifx$\nxt % or a $ sign
+ \else\ifx^\nxt \addF^\else\ifx_\nxt \addF_% sanitize ^ and _
+ \else\ifx\nxt\spacechar \addF\space
+ \else\if\noexpand\nxt\relax % we have a control sequence; is it one we know?
+ \ifx\nxt~\addF\space
+ \else\ifx\nxt\onespace\addF\space
+ \else\the\usersanitizer
+ \iftokprocessed\else\makeolproctokctli
+ \iftokprocessed\else\makeolproctokctlii
+ \iftokprocessed\else\makeolproctokctliii % if not recognised, skip it
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+ \else % we don't have a control sequence, it's an ordinary char
+ \ifx/\nxt \addF{\string\/}% quote chars special to PDF with backslash
+ \else\ifx(\nxt \addF{\string\(}\else\ifx)\nxt \addF{\string\)}%
+ \else\ifx[\nxt \addF{\string\[}\else\ifx]\nxt \addF{\string\]}%
+ \else\expandafter\makeolproctokchar\meaning\nxt
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+ \next
+}
+\def\makeolproctokchar#1 #2 #3{\addF{#3}}
+\def\makeolproctokctli{%
+ \ifx\nxt\CEE\addF{C}\let\next\makeolgobbletok % \CEE/
+ \else\ifx\nxt\UNIX\addF{UNIX}\let\next\makeolgobbletok % \UNIX/
+ \else\ifx\nxt\TEX\addF{TeX}\let\next\makeolgobbletok % \TEX/
+ \else\ifx\nxt\TeX\addF{TeX}\else\ifx\nxt\LaTeX\addF{LaTeX}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\CPLUSPLUS\addF{C++}\let\next\makeolgobbletok % \CPLUSPLUS/
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Cee\addF{C}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\PB \let\next\makeolgobbletok \tokprocessedtrue % \PB{...}
+ \else\ifx\nxt\.\tokprocessedtrue\instrtrue % \.{...}
+ % skip \|
+ \else\ifx\nxt\\\ifinstr\addF{\bschar\bschar}\else\tokprocessedtrue\fi
+ \else\ifx\nxt\&\ifinstr\addF&\else\tokprocessedtrue\fi
+ \else\ifx\nxt\~\ifTnum\addF{0}\else\addF\tildechar\fi % 077->\T{\~77}
+ \else\ifx\nxt\_\ifTnum\addF{E}\else\addF_\fi % 0.1E5->\T{0.1\_5}
+ \else\ifx\nxt\^\ifTnum\addF{0x}\else\addF^\fi % 0x77 -> \T{\^77}
+ \else\ifx\nxt\$\ifTnum\tokprocessedtrue\else\addF$\fi % \T{77\$L}
+ \else\ifx\nxt\{\addF\lbchar \else\ifx\nxt\}\addF\rbchar
+ \else\ifx\nxt\ \addF\space \else\ifx\nxt\#\addF{\string\#}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\PP\addF{++}\else\ifx\nxt\MM\addF{--}%
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+}
+\def\makeolproctokctlii{%
+ \ifx\nxt\MG\addF{->}\else\ifx\nxt\GG\addF{>>}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\LL\addF{<<}\else\ifx\nxt\NULL\addF{NULL}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\AND\addF&\else\ifx\nxt\OR\addF|%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\XOR\addF^\else\ifx\nxt\CM\addF\tildechar
+ \else\ifx\nxt\MOD\addF{\string\%}\else\ifx\nxt\DC\addF{::}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\PA\addF{.*}\else\ifx\nxt\MGA\addF{->*}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\this\addF{this}\else\ifx\nxt\?\addF?%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\E\addF{==}\else\ifx\nxt\G\addF{>=}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\I\addF{!=}\else\ifx\nxt\K\addF{=}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\l\addF{l}\else\ifx\nxt\L\addF{L}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\o\addF{o}\else\ifx\nxt\O\addF{O}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\R\addF!%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\T \Tnumtrue \let\next\makeolgobbletok
+ \tokprocessedtrue % \T{number}
+ \else\ifx\nxt\AM\addF&\else\ifx\nxt\%\addF{\string\%}%
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+}
+\def\makeolproctokctliii{%
+ \ifx\nxt\V\addF{||}\else\ifx\nxt\W\addF{&&}\else\ifx\nxt\Z\addF{<=}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\*\addF*\else\ifx\nxt\Xand\addF{\space and\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xandxeq\addF{\space and_eq\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xbitand\addF{\space bitand\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xbitor\addF{\space bitor\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xcompl\addF{\space compl\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xnot\addF{\space not\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xnotxeq\addF{\space not_eq\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xor\addF{\space or\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xorxeq\addF{\space or_eq\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xxor\addF{\space xor\space}%
+ \else\ifx\nxt\Xxorxeq\addF{\space xor_eq\space}%
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+}
+\def\outlinedone{\edef\outlinest{\global\noexpand\toksE={\the\toksF}}%
+ \outlinest\let\outlinedone=\relax}
+\fi % End of pdf macros
+
+\def\lapstar{\rlap{*}}
+\def\stsec{\rightskip=0pt % get out of C mode (cf. \B)
+ \sfcode`;=1500 \pretolerance 200 \hyphenpenalty 50 \exhyphenpenalty 50
+ \noindent{\let\*=\lapstar\bf\secstar.\quad}%
+ \ifpdftex\smash{\raise\baselineskip\hbox to0pt{%
+% \let\*=\empty\pdfdest num \secstar fith}} % bad space in versions < 3.68
+ \let\*=\empty\pdfdest num \secstar fith}}% changed in version 3.68
+ \else\ifpdf\smash{\raise\baselineskip\hbox to0pt{%
+ \let\*=\empty\special{%
+ pdf: dest (\romannumeral\secstar) [ @thispage /FitH @ypos ]}}}\fi\fi}
+\let\startsection=\stsec
+\def\defin#1{\global\advance\ind by 2 \1\&{#1 } } % begin `define' or `format'
+\def\A{\note{See also section}} % xref for doubly defined section name
+\def\As{\note{See also sections}} % xref for multiply defined section name
+\def\B{\rightskip=0pt plus 100pt minus 10pt % go into C mode
+ \sfcode`;=3000
+ \pretolerance 10000
+ \hyphenpenalty 1000 % so strings can be broken (discretionary \ is inserted)
+ \exhyphenpenalty 10000
+ \global\ind=2 \1\ \unskip}
+\def\C#1{\5\5\quad$/\ast\,${\cmntfont #1}$\,\ast/$}
+\let\SHC\C % "// short comments" treated like "/* ordinary comments */"
+%\def\C#1{\5\5\quad$\triangleright\,${\cmntfont#1}$\,\triangleleft$}
+%\def\SHC#1{\5\5\quad$\diamond\,${\cmntfont#1}}
+\def\D{\defin{\#define}} % macro definition
+\let\E=\equiv % equivalence sign
+\def\ET{ and~} % conjunction between two section numbers
+\def\ETs{, and~} % conjunction between the last two of several section numbers
+\def\F{\defin{format}} % format definition
+\let\G=\ge % greater than or equal sign
+% \H is long Hungarian umlaut accent
+\let\I=\ne % unequal sign
+\def\J{\.{@\&}} % TANGLE's join operation
+\let\K== % assignment operator
+%\let\K=\leftarrow % "honest" alternative to standard assignment operator
+% \L is Polish letter suppressed-L
+\outer\def\M#1{\MN{#1}\ifon\vfil\penalty-100\vfilneg % beginning of section
+ \vskip\intersecskip\startsection\ignorespaces}
+\outer\def\N#1#2#3.{% beginning of starred section
+ \ifacro{\toksF={}\makeoutlinetoks#3\outlinedone\outlinedone}\fi
+ \gdepth=#1\gtitle={#3}\MN{#2}%
+ \ifon\ifnum#1<\secpagedepth \vfil\eject % force page break if depth is small
+ \else\vfil\penalty-100\vfilneg\vskip\intersecskip\fi\fi
+ \message{*\secno} % progress report
+ \def\stripprefix##1>{}\def\gtitletoks{#3}%
+ \edef\gtitletoks{\expandafter\stripprefix\meaning\gtitletoks}%
+ \edef\next{\write\cont{\ZZ{\gtitletoks}{#1}{\secno}% write to contents file
+ {\noexpand\the\pageno}{\the\toksE}}}\next % \ZZ{title}{depth}{sec}{page}{ss}
+ \ifpdftex\expandafter\xdef\csname curr#1\endcsname{\secno}
+ \ifnum#1>0\countB=#1 \advance\countB by-1
+ \advancenumber{chunk\the\countB.\expnumber{curr\the\countB}}\fi\fi
+ \ifpdf\special{pdf: outline #1 << /Title (\the\toksE) /Dest
+ [ @thispage /FitH @ypos ] >>}\fi
+ \ifon\startsection{\bf#3.\quad}\ignorespaces}
+\def\MN#1{\par % common code for \M, \N
+ {\xdef\secstar{#1}\let\*=\empty\xdef\secno{#1}}% remove \* from section name
+ \ifx\secno\secstar \onmaybe \else\ontrue \fi
+ \mark{{{\tensy x}\secno}{\the\gdepth}{\the\gtitle}}}
+% each \mark is {section reference or null}{depth plus 1}{group title}
+% \O is Scandinavian letter O-with-slash
+% \P is paragraph sign
+\def\Q{\note{This code is cited in section}} % xref for mention of a section
+\def\Qs{\note{This code is cited in sections}} % xref for mentions of a section
+\let\R=\lnot % logical not
+% \S is section sign
+\def\T#1{\leavevmode % octal, hex or decimal constant
+ \hbox{$\def\?{\kern.2em}%
+% \def\$##1{\egroup_{\,\rm##1}\bgroup}% suffix to constant % versions < 3.67
+ \def\$##1{\egroup_{\rm##1}\bgroup}% suffix to constant % in version 3.67
+ \def\_{\cdot 10^{\aftergroup}}% power of ten (via dirty trick)
+ \let\~=\oct \let\^=\hex {#1}$}}
+\def\U{\note{This code is used in section}} % xref for use of a section
+\def\Us{\note{This code is used in sections}} % xref for uses of a section
+\let\V=\lor % logical or
+\let\W=\land % logical and
+\def\X#1:#2\X{\ifmmode\gdef\XX{\null$\null}\else\gdef\XX{}\fi %$% section name
+ \XX$\langle\,${\let\I=\ne#2\eightrm\kern.5em
+ \ifacro{\pdfnote#1.}\else#1\fi}$\,\rangle$\XX}
+\def\Y{\par\yskip}
+\let\Z=\le
+\let\ZZ=\let % now you can \write the control sequence \ZZ
+\let\*=*
+
+\def\Xand{\W} \def\Xandxeq{\MRL{{\AND}{\K}}} \def\Xbitand{\AND}
+\def\Xbitor{\OR} \def\Xcompl{\CM} \def\Xnot{\R} \def\Xnotxeq{\I} \def\Xor{\V}
+\def\Xorxeq{\MRL{{\OR}{\K}}} \def\Xxor{\XOR} \def\Xxorxeq{\MRL{{\XOR}{\K}}}
+
+%\def\oct{\hbox{\rm\char'23\kern-.2em\it\aftergroup\?\aftergroup}} % WEB style
+%\def\hex{\hbox{\rm\char"7D\tt\aftergroup}} % WEB style
+\def\oct{\hbox{$^\circ$\kern-.1em\it\aftergroup\?\aftergroup}}% CWEB style
+\def\hex{\hbox{$^{\scriptscriptstyle\#}$\tt\aftergroup}} % CWEB style
+\def\vb#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\kern2pt\vrule\vtop{\vbox{\hrule
+ \hbox{\strut\kern2pt\.{#1}\kern2pt}}
+ \hrule}\vrule\kern2pt}} % verbatim string
+
+\def\onmaybe{\let\ifon=\maybe} \let\maybe=\iftrue
+\newif\ifon \newif\iftitle \newif\ifpagesaved
+
+\newif\ifheader
+\def\lheader{\headertrue\mainfont\the\pageno\eightrm\qquad\grouptitle
+ \hfill\title\qquad\mainfont\topsecno} % top line on left-hand pages
+\def\rheader{\headertrue\mainfont\topsecno\eightrm\qquad\title\hfill
+ \grouptitle\qquad\mainfont\the\pageno} % top line on right-hand pages
+\def\grouptitle{\let\i=I\let\j=J\uppercase\expandafter{\expandafter
+ \takethree\topmark}}
+\def\topsecno{\expandafter\takeone\topmark}
+\def\takeone#1#2#3{#1}
+\def\taketwo#1#2#3{#2}
+\def\takethree#1#2#3{#3}
+\def\nullsec{\eightrm\kern-2em} % the \kern-2em cancels \qquad in headers
+
+\let\page=\pagebody \raggedbottom
+% \def\page{\box255 }\normalbottom % faster, but loses plain TeX footnotes
+\def\normaloutput#1#2#3{\ifodd\pageno\hoffset=\pageshift\fi
+ \shipout\vbox{
+ \vbox to\fullpageheight{
+ \iftitle\global\titlefalse
+ \else\hbox to\pagewidth{\vbox to10pt{}\ifodd\pageno #3\else#2\fi}\fi
+ \vfill#1}} % parameter #1 is the page itself
+ \global\advance\pageno by1}
+
+\gtitle={\.{CWEB} output} % this running head is reset by starred sections
+\mark{\noexpand\nullsec0{\the\gtitle}}
+\def\title{\expandafter\uppercase\expandafter{\jobname}}
+\def\topofcontents{\centerline{\titlefont\title}\vskip.7in
+ \vfill} % this material will start the table of contents page
+\def\startpdf{\ifpdftex\pdfcatalog{/PageMode /UseOutlines}\else
+ \ifpdf{\special{pdf: docview << /PageMode /UseOutlines >>}}\fi\fi}
+\def\botofcontents{\vfill
+ \centerline{\covernote}} % this material will end the table of contents page
+\def\covernote{}
+\def\contentspagenumber{0} % default page number for table of contents
+\newdimen\pagewidth \pagewidth=6.5in % the width of each page
+\newdimen\pageheight \pageheight=8.7in % the height of each page
+\newdimen\fullpageheight \fullpageheight=9in % page height including headlines
+\newdimen\pageshift \pageshift=\hoffset
+ % shift righthand pages wrt lefthand ones (changed in version 3.70)
+\def\magnify#1{\mag=#1\pagewidth=6.5truein\pageheight=8.7truein
+ \fullpageheight=9truein\setpage}
+\def\setpage{\hsize\pagewidth\vsize\pageheight} % use after changing page size
+\def\contentsfile{\jobname.toc} % file that gets table of contents info
+\def\readcontents{\input \contentsfile}
+\def\readindex{\input \jobname.idx}
+\def\readsections{\input \jobname.scn}
+
+\newwrite\cont
+\output{\setbox0=\page % the first page is garbage
+ \openout\cont=\contentsfile
+ \write\cont{\catcode `\noexpand\@=11\relax} % \makeatletter
+ \global\output{\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}}
+\setpage
+\vbox to \vsize{} % the first \topmark won't be null
+
+\def\ch{\note{The following sections were changed by the change file:}
+ \let\*=\relax}
+\newbox\sbox % saved box preceding the index
+\newbox\lbox % lefthand column in the index
+\def\inx{\par\vskip6pt plus 1fil % we are beginning the index
+ \def\page{\box255 } \normalbottom
+ \write\cont{} % ensure that the contents file isn't empty
+ \write\cont{\catcode `\noexpand\@=12\relax} % \makeatother
+ \closeout\cont % the contents information has been fully gathered
+ \output{\ifpagesaved\normaloutput{\box\sbox}\lheader\rheader\fi
+ \global\setbox\sbox=\page \global\pagesavedtrue}
+ \pagesavedfalse \eject % eject the page-so-far and predecessors
+ \setbox\sbox\vbox{\unvbox\sbox} % take it out of its box
+ \vsize=\pageheight \advance\vsize by -\ht\sbox % the remaining height
+ \hsize=.5\pagewidth \advance\hsize by -10pt
+ % column width for the index (20pt between cols)
+ \parfillskip 0pt plus .6\hsize % try to avoid almost empty lines
+ \def\lr{L} % this tells whether the left or right column is next
+ \output{\if L\lr\global\setbox\lbox=\page \gdef\lr{R}
+ \else\normaloutput{\vbox to\pageheight{\box\sbox\vss
+ \hbox to\pagewidth{\box\lbox\hfil\page}}}\lheader\rheader
+ \global\vsize\pageheight\gdef\lr{L}\global\pagesavedfalse\fi}
+ \message{Index:}
+ \parskip 0pt plus .5pt
+ \outer\def\I##1, ##2.{\par\hangindent2em\noindent##1:\kern1em
+ \ifacro\pdfnote##2.\else##2\fi.} % index entry
+ \def\[##1]{$\underline{##1}$} % underlined index item
+ \rm \rightskip0pt plus 2.5em \tolerance 10000 \let\*=\lapstar
+ \hyphenpenalty 10000 \parindent0pt
+ \readindex}
+\def\fin{\par\vfill\eject % this is done when we are ending the index
+ \ifpagesaved\null\vfill\eject\fi % output a null index column
+ \if L\lr\else\null\vfill\eject\fi % finish the current page
+ \ifpdftex \makebookmarks \fi % added in Version 3.68
+ \parfillskip 0pt plus 1fil
+ \def\grouptitle{NAMES OF THE SECTIONS}
+ \let\topsecno=\nullsec
+ \message{Section names:}
+ \output={\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}
+ \setpage
+ \def\note##1##2.{\quad{\eightrm##1~\ifacro{\pdfnote##2.}\else{##2}\fi.}}
+ \def\Q{\note{Cited in section}} % crossref for mention of a section
+ \def\Qs{\note{Cited in sections}} % crossref for mentions of a section
+ \def\U{\note{Used in section}} % crossref for use of a section
+ \def\Us{\note{Used in sections}} % crossref for uses of a section
+ \def\I{\par\hangindent 2em}\let\*=*
+ \ifacro \def\outsecname{Names of the sections} \let\Xpdf\X
+% \ifpdftex \makebookmarks \pdfdest name {NOS} fitb % in versions < 3.68
+ \ifpdftex \pdfdest name {NOS} fith % changed in version 3.69
+ \pdfoutline goto name {NOS} count -\secno {\outsecname}
+ \def\X##1:##2\X{\Xpdf##1:##2\X \firstsecno##1.%
+ {\toksF={}\makeoutlinetoks##2\outlinedone\outlinedone}%
+ \pdfoutline goto num \the\toksA \expandafter{\the\toksE}}
+ \else\ifpdf
+ \special{pdf: outline -1 << /Title (\outsecname)
+ /Dest [ @thispage /FitH @ypos ] >>}
+ \def\X##1:##2\X{\Xpdf##1:##2\X \firstsecno##1.%
+ {\toksF={}\makeoutlinetoks##2\outlinedone\outlinedone}%
+ \special{pdf: outline 0 << /Title (\the\toksE)
+ /A << /S /GoTo /D (\romannumeral\the\toksA) >> >>}}
+ \fi\fi\fi
+ \readsections}
+\def\makebookmarks{\let\ZZ=\writebookmarkline \readcontents\relax}
+\def\expnumber#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax 0%
+ \else \csname#1\endcsname \fi} % Petr Olsak's macros from texinfo.tex
+\def\advancenumber#1{\countA=\expnumber{#1}\relax \advance\countA by1
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname#1\endcsname{\the\countA}}
+\def\writebookmarkline#1#2#3#4#5{{%
+ \let\(=\let \let\)=\let \let\[=\let \let\]=\let \let\/=\let
+ \pdfoutline goto num #3 count -\expnumber{chunk#2.#3} {#5}}}
+\def\con{\par\vfill\eject % finish the section names
+% \ifodd\pageno\else\titletrue\null\vfill\eject\fi % for duplex printers
+ \rightskip 0pt \hyphenpenalty 50 \tolerance 200
+ \setpage \output={\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}
+ \titletrue % prepare to output the table of contents
+ \pageno=\contentspagenumber
+ \def\grouptitle{TABLE OF CONTENTS}
+ \message{Table of contents:}
+ \topofcontents \startpdf
+ \line{\hfil Section\hbox to3em{\hss Page}}
+ \let\ZZ=\contentsline
+ \readcontents\relax % read the contents info
+ \botofcontents \end} % print the contents page(s) and terminate
+\def\contentsline#1#2#3#4#5{\ifnum#2=0 \smallbreak\fi
+ \line{\consetup{#2}#1
+ \rm\leaders\hbox to .5em{.\hfil}\hfil
+ \ \ifacro\pdflink{#3}{\romannumeral#3}\else#3\fi\hbox to3em{\hss#4}}}
+\def\consetup#1{\ifcase#1 \bf % depth -1 (@**)
+ \or % depth 0 (@*)
+ \or \hskip2em % depth 1 (@*1)
+ \or \hskip4em \or \hskip6em \or \hskip8em \or \hskip10em % depth 2,3,4,5
+ \else \hskip12em \fi} % depth 6 or more
+\def\noinx{\let\inx=\end} % no indexes or table of contents
+\def\nosecs{\let\FIN=\fin \def\fin{\let\parfillskip=\end \FIN}}
+ % no index of section names or table of contents
+\def\nocon{\let\con=\end} % no table of contents
+\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
+ January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+ July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+ \space\number\day, \number\year}
+\newcount\twodigits
+\def\hours{\twodigits=\time \divide\twodigits by 60 \printtwodigits
+ \multiply\twodigits by-60 \advance\twodigits by\time :\printtwodigits}
+\def\gobbleone1{}
+\def\printtwodigits{\advance\twodigits100
+ \expandafter\gobbleone\number\twodigits
+ \advance\twodigits-100 }
+\def\TeX{{\ifmmode\it\fi
+ \leavevmode\hbox{T\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\hskip-.125em X}}}
+\def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip\else\thinspace\fi}
+\def\datethis{\def\startsection{\leftline{\sc\today\ at \hours}\bigskip
+ \let\startsection=\stsec\stsec}}
+ % say `\datethis' in limbo, to get your listing timestamped before section 1
+%\def\datecontentspage{% versions up to 3.65
+% \def\topofcontents{\leftline{\sc\today\ at \hours}\bigskip
+% \centerline{\titlefont\title}\vfill}} % timestamps the contents page
+\def\datecontentspage{% changed in version 3.66
+ \def\botofcontents{\vfill
+ \centerline{\covernote}
+ \bigskip
+ \leftline{\sc\today\ at \hours}}} % timestamps the contents page