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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-1.eps436
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-1.mp17
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-10.eps253
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-10.mp29
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-11.mp34
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-13.eps918
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-13.mp22
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-3.mp12
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-4.eps215
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-4.mp16
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-5.eps160
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-5.mp16
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-6.pdf59
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-7.eps165
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-7.mp24
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-8.eps86
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-8.mp20
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-9.eps222
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-9.mp24
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-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-2-1.mp17
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-1.mp16
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-10.mp34
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-11.mp20
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-12.mp22
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-2.mp12
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-3.mp16
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-4.mp16
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-5.mp23
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-6.mp24
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-7.mp20
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-8.mp24
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-9.mp29
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/P.eps.gzbin0 -> 11008 bytes
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ReadMe14
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/S.eps.gzbin0 -> 11172 bytes
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.aux188
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.log573
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.out51
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.tex107
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.toc59
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/baskerville.cls799
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/baskerville.tex91
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.blg36
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.comment33
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.dep2
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.tex106
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.toc59
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/dtd.tex785
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.cfg545
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.rc558
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.sty1673
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.bbl134
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.bib228
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.tex696
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ltour3.tex769
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ltx-logo.sty64
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lyx-intro.tex625
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lyx.tex158
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/rahtz.tex607
-rw-r--r--usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/regul.tex170
80 files changed, 14089 insertions, 0 deletions
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-1.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-1.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68a4b323bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-1.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gdraw "yearm.dat" dashed evenly;
+gdraw "yearw.dat";
+glabel.lft
+ (btex (solid) Women etex, 1960,30);
+glabel.lft
+ (btex (dashed) Men etex ,1870,30);
+glabel.bot
+ (btex Number of burials per year
+ ($n \approx 4300$) etex,OUT);
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-1.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..431c020b81
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-10.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-10.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6f86c9ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-10.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+path m[],w[];
+def wcheck(expr decade,value) =
+ augment.w1(decade,0);
+ augment.w1(decade,value);
+ augment.w1(decade+5,value);
+ augment.w1(decade+5,0);
+enddef;
+def mcheck(expr decade,value) =
+ augment.m1(decade+5,0);
+ augment.m1(decade+5,value);
+ augment.m1(decade+10,value);
+ augment.m1(decade+10,0);
+enddef;
+draw begingraph(3.75in,2in);
+gdata ("decade.dat",y,
+ wcheck((scantokens y1),(scantokens y2));
+ mcheck((scantokens y1),(scantokens y3)););
+gfill m1--cycle;
+gdraw w1;
+glabel.bot (btex Number of burials per decade
+ ($n \approx 4300$) etex,OUT);
+frame.llft;
+endgraph rotated 90;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-10.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-10.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..143dd401d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-10.pdf
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3bb4863fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-11.eps
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-11.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-11.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3784d00cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-11.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+numeric r,last; path c,w;
+r:=5; c:=fullcircle scaled 2r;
+last:=0.0;
+def wedge (expr lang,value,perc) =
+ numeric current,n,half,xoff,yoff;
+ picture p;
+ n:=perc*3.6;
+ current:=last+n; half:=last+(n/2);
+ w:=buildcycle((0,0)--(2r,0) rotated last,
+ c, (2r,0)--(0,0) rotated current);
+ gfill w withcolor
+ (0.8-(perc/100),0.8-(perc/100),0.8-(perc/100));
+ gdraw w;
+ if perc > 5:
+ p = lang infont defaultfont
+ scaled defaultscale;
+ glabel(image(unfill bbox p; draw p),
+ 3/4r*dir(half));
+ fi;
+ last:=current;
+enddef;
+draw begingraph(3in,3in);
+defaultscale:=0.7;
+gdata ("langs.dat",c,
+ wedge(c1, (scantokens c2),
+ (scantokens c3)););
+autogrid(,); frame withcolor white;
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-11.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-11.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f6286a4d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-11.pdf
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..decb4f0c8e
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-12.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-12.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6ef464758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-12.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,2.5in);
+n:=10;
+defaultscale:=0.7;
+pickup pensquare scaled 3pt;
+setrange((1700,0),(whatever,whatever));
+gdata("stones.dat", s,
+gdraw ((scantokens s2),n)--
+ ((scantokens s3),n);
+glabel.lft(s1,(scantokens s2)-3,n);
+n:=n+16;);
+pickup pensquare scaled .5pt;
+frame.bot;
+autogrid(otick.bot,);
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-12.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-12.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6aab17701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-12.pdf
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c077000b6
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-13.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-13.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..276cfa4647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-13.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+def sq(expr x,y,num,perc) =
+ gfill(x,y)--(x+10,y)--
+ (x+10,y+10)--(x,y+10)--cycle
+ withcolor (perc/100,perc/100,perc/100);
+ glabel(num,(x+5,y+5))
+ if perc < 50: withcolor white fi;
+enddef;
+defaultscale:=0.7;
+draw begingraph(70mm,80mm);
+setrange((20,10),(110,110));
+autogrid(,);
+gdata ("pot.dat",c,
+ sq((scantokens c1)*10,
+ (scantokens c2)*10,
+ c3, (scantokens c4)););
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-13.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-13.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d133205568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-13.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-2.eps b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-2.eps
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5d1a11a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-2.eps
@@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-2.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-2.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b925b1a1f
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+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-2.mp
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+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gdraw "yearm.dat"
+ plot btex $\bullet$ etex;
+gdraw "yearw.dat"
+ plot btex $\circ$ etex;
+glabel.bot
+ (btex Burials etex,OUT);
+glabel.lft
+ (btex Number etex rotated 90,OUT);
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-2.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-2.pdf
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-3.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-3.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7df33a200c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-3.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gfill "yearw.dat" withcolor red;
+autogrid(grid.bot,itick.rt)
+ withcolor .5white;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-3.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-3.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d9cce0840
--- /dev/null
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..315f0af45c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-4.eps
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+%!PS
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-4.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-4.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cae352ee57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-4.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gfill "yearw.dat" withcolor red;
+for y=10,20,30:
+ itick.lft(format("%g",y),y);
+endfor
+otick.top("19th century",1850);
+otick.top("20th century",1950);
+frame.llft;
+autogrid(,);
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-4.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-4.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67c8f24617
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-5.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-5.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b32ba91349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-5.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.5in);
+numeric p[]; path r;
+for j := 0 upto 100: p[j]:=0; endfor
+gdata ("ages.dat",y, age:=(scantokens y1);
+ p[age]:=p[age] + 1;);
+r:=(0,0)
+ for j := 1 upto 100: --(j,p[j]) endfor;
+gdraw r;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-5.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-5.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fa5f1024c
--- /dev/null
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9d95f2838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-6.eps
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+%!PS
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+%%EndProlog
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diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-6.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-6.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03131abecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-6.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+setrange(origin,(100,100));
+numeric p[]; path r;
+for j := 0 step 10 until 100:
+ p[j]:=0; endfor
+def check(expr age) =
+ if age < 100:
+ xage:=round(age/10) * 10;
+ p[xage]:=p[xage] + 1; fi
+enddef;
+gdata ("ages.dat",y,
+ check((scantokens y1)););
+r:=(0,0) for j := 0 step 10 until 100:
+ --(j,p[j]) endfor --(100,0);
+gfill r -- cycle withcolor blue;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-6.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-6.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e83fba7111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-6.pdf
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+ closepath fill
+ 0 setgray
+gsave [0 1 -1 0 139.96103 4.96362 ] concat 0 0 moveto
+(colour) ptmr8r 5.97765 fshow grestore
+ 0.66 setgray
+newpath 147.27176 0.00006 moveto
+147.27176 83.1597 lineto
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+ closepath
+gsave fill grestore stroke
+ 1 setgray
+newpath 150.27177 1.9654 moveto
+159.61868 1.9654 lineto
+159.61868 23.23462 lineto
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+ closepath fill
+ 0 setgray
+gsave [0 1 -1 0 156.32457 3.9654 ] concat 0 0 moveto
+(psfonts) ptmr8r 5.97765 fshow grestore
+ 0.5 setgray
+newpath 163.63528 0.00006 moveto
+163.63528 62.99979 lineto
+179.99881 62.99979 lineto
+179.99881 0.00006 lineto
+ closepath
+gsave fill grestore stroke
+ 1 setgray
+newpath 166.6353 2.12979 moveto
+175.98221 2.12979 lineto
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+ closepath fill
+ 0 setgray
+gsave [0 1 -1 0 172.6881 4.12979 ] concat 0 0 moveto
+(pstools) ptmr8r 5.97765 fshow grestore
+ 0 0.5 dtransform truncate idtransform setlinewidth pop
+newpath 0 0 moveto
+59.99908 0 120.00092 0 180 0 curveto
+180 126 lineto
+120.00092 126 59.99908 126 0 126 curveto
+ closepath stroke
+showpage
+%%EOF
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-9.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-9.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79bf68da1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-9.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+path m; numeric n,width;
+width:=20; defaultscale:=0.6; n:=0;
+def bar(expr name,value) =
+ gfill(n,0)--(n,value)--
+ (n+width,value)--(n+width,0)--cycle
+ withcolor (value/100,value/100,value/100);
+ picture p;
+ p = name infont defaultfont
+ scaled defaultscale rotated 90;
+ glabel.rt
+ (image(unfill bbox p; draw p),(n,10));
+ n:=n+width;
+enddef;
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+setrange((0,0),(11*width,100));
+autogrid(,otick.lft);
+gdata("chap.dat",c,bar(c1,(scantokens c2)););
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-9.pdf b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-9.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c40ccd4adf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-0-9.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-2-1.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-2-1.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68a4b323bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-2-1.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gdraw "yearm.dat" dashed evenly;
+gdraw "yearw.dat";
+glabel.lft
+ (btex (solid) Women etex, 1960,30);
+glabel.lft
+ (btex (dashed) Men etex ,1870,30);
+glabel.bot
+ (btex Number of burials per year
+ ($n \approx 4300$) etex,OUT);
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-1.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-1.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b925b1a1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-1.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gdraw "yearm.dat"
+ plot btex $\bullet$ etex;
+gdraw "yearw.dat"
+ plot btex $\circ$ etex;
+glabel.bot
+ (btex Burials etex,OUT);
+glabel.lft
+ (btex Number etex rotated 90,OUT);
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-10.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-10.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3784d00cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-10.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+numeric r,last; path c,w;
+r:=5; c:=fullcircle scaled 2r;
+last:=0.0;
+def wedge (expr lang,value,perc) =
+ numeric current,n,half,xoff,yoff;
+ picture p;
+ n:=perc*3.6;
+ current:=last+n; half:=last+(n/2);
+ w:=buildcycle((0,0)--(2r,0) rotated last,
+ c, (2r,0)--(0,0) rotated current);
+ gfill w withcolor
+ (0.8-(perc/100),0.8-(perc/100),0.8-(perc/100));
+ gdraw w;
+ if perc > 5:
+ p = lang infont defaultfont
+ scaled defaultscale;
+ glabel(image(unfill bbox p; draw p),
+ 3/4r*dir(half));
+ fi;
+ last:=current;
+enddef;
+draw begingraph(3in,3in);
+defaultscale:=0.7;
+gdata ("langs.dat",c,
+ wedge(c1, (scantokens c2),
+ (scantokens c3)););
+autogrid(,); frame withcolor white;
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-11.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-11.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6ef464758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-11.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,2.5in);
+n:=10;
+defaultscale:=0.7;
+pickup pensquare scaled 3pt;
+setrange((1700,0),(whatever,whatever));
+gdata("stones.dat", s,
+gdraw ((scantokens s2),n)--
+ ((scantokens s3),n);
+glabel.lft(s1,(scantokens s2)-3,n);
+n:=n+16;);
+pickup pensquare scaled .5pt;
+frame.bot;
+autogrid(otick.bot,);
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-12.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-12.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..276cfa4647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-12.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+def sq(expr x,y,num,perc) =
+ gfill(x,y)--(x+10,y)--
+ (x+10,y+10)--(x,y+10)--cycle
+ withcolor (perc/100,perc/100,perc/100);
+ glabel(num,(x+5,y+5))
+ if perc < 50: withcolor white fi;
+enddef;
+defaultscale:=0.7;
+draw begingraph(70mm,80mm);
+setrange((20,10),(110,110));
+autogrid(,);
+gdata ("pot.dat",c,
+ sq((scantokens c1)*10,
+ (scantokens c2)*10,
+ c3, (scantokens c4)););
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-2.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-2.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7df33a200c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-2.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gfill "yearw.dat" withcolor red;
+autogrid(grid.bot,itick.rt)
+ withcolor .5white;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-3.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-3.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cae352ee57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-3.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gfill "yearw.dat" withcolor red;
+for y=10,20,30:
+ itick.lft(format("%g",y),y);
+endfor
+otick.top("19th century",1850);
+otick.top("20th century",1950);
+frame.llft;
+autogrid(,);
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-4.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-4.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b32ba91349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-4.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.5in);
+numeric p[]; path r;
+for j := 0 upto 100: p[j]:=0; endfor
+gdata ("ages.dat",y, age:=(scantokens y1);
+ p[age]:=p[age] + 1;);
+r:=(0,0)
+ for j := 1 upto 100: --(j,p[j]) endfor;
+gdraw r;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-5.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-5.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03131abecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-5.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+setrange(origin,(100,100));
+numeric p[]; path r;
+for j := 0 step 10 until 100:
+ p[j]:=0; endfor
+def check(expr age) =
+ if age < 100:
+ xage:=round(age/10) * 10;
+ p[xage]:=p[xage] + 1; fi
+enddef;
+gdata ("ages.dat",y,
+ check((scantokens y1)););
+r:=(0,0) for j := 0 step 10 until 100:
+ --(j,p[j]) endfor --(100,0);
+gfill r -- cycle withcolor blue;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-6.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-6.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8742fd32fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-6.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+path m,w,last;
+draw begingraph(3in,2in);
+setrange((1800,0),(whatever,whatever));
+gdata ("decade.dat",y,
+ last:=((scantokens y1),0);
+ augment.w(y1,y2);
+ augment.m(y1,y3););
+gfill (1800,0)--w--last--cycle
+ withcolor red;
+gfill (1800,0)--m--last--cycle
+ withcolor green;
+pickup pencircle scaled 3pt;
+gdraw w dashed withdots;
+pickup pencircle scaled .75pt;
+glabel.bot (btex Number of burials per decade
+ ($n \approx 4300$) etex,OUT);
+endgraph
+rotated 90;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-7.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-7.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d4794377a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-7.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+path s; numeric x,y;
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gdata ("students.dat",c,
+ x:=(scantokens c1) * 12;
+ y:=(scantokens c2);
+ augment.s((x-5,0)--
+ (x-5,y)-- (x+5,y)--
+ (x+5,0));
+ if y < 0: glabel.top(c2,(x,0)); fi
+ if y > 0: glabel.bot(c2,(x,0)); fi
+);
+gfill s--cycle withcolor .5white;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-8.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-8.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79bf68da1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-8.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+path m; numeric n,width;
+width:=20; defaultscale:=0.6; n:=0;
+def bar(expr name,value) =
+ gfill(n,0)--(n,value)--
+ (n+width,value)--(n+width,0)--cycle
+ withcolor (value/100,value/100,value/100);
+ picture p;
+ p = name infont defaultfont
+ scaled defaultscale rotated 90;
+ glabel.rt
+ (image(unfill bbox p; draw p),(n,10));
+ n:=n+width;
+enddef;
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+setrange((0,0),(11*width,100));
+autogrid(,otick.lft);
+gdata("chap.dat",c,bar(c1,(scantokens c2)););
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-9.mp b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-9.mp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6f86c9ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/0-3-9.mp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+input graph
+defaultfont:="ptmr8r";
+warningcheck:=0;
+beginfig(1)
+path m[],w[];
+def wcheck(expr decade,value) =
+ augment.w1(decade,0);
+ augment.w1(decade,value);
+ augment.w1(decade+5,value);
+ augment.w1(decade+5,0);
+enddef;
+def mcheck(expr decade,value) =
+ augment.m1(decade+5,0);
+ augment.m1(decade+5,value);
+ augment.m1(decade+10,value);
+ augment.m1(decade+10,0);
+enddef;
+draw begingraph(3.75in,2in);
+gdata ("decade.dat",y,
+ wcheck((scantokens y1),(scantokens y2));
+ mcheck((scantokens y1),(scantokens y3)););
+gfill m1--cycle;
+gdraw w1;
+glabel.bot (btex Number of burials per decade
+ ($n \approx 4300$) etex,OUT);
+frame.llft;
+endgraph rotated 90;
+endfig;
+end;
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/P.eps.gz b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/P.eps.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fbf5437d63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/P.eps.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ReadMe b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ReadMe
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69d5df1341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ReadMe
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+ Baskerville
+
+Articles (Full)
+¥ Lout
+¥ DTD
+¥ LaTeX tour (part 3)
+¥ Rahtz (MetaPost)
+¥ LyX
+
+Articles (Pending)
+¥ Editorial
+¥ ?
+
+ NEED MORE ARTICLES \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/S.eps.gz b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/S.eps.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa716744e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/S.eps.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.aux b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.aux
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f612aba6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.aux
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+\relax
+\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined
+\global \let \oldcontentsline\contentsline
+\gdef \contentsline#1#2#3#4{\oldcontentsline{#1}{#2}{#3}}
+\global \let \oldnewlabel\newlabel
+\gdef \newlabel#1#2{\newlabelxx{#1}#2}
+\gdef \newlabelxx#1#2#3#4#5#6{\oldnewlabel{#1}{{#2}{#3}}}
+\AtEndDocument{\let \contentsline\oldcontentsline
+\let \newlabel\oldnewlabel}
+\else
+\global \let \hyper@last\relax
+\fi
+
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Editorial}{2}{section.2}}
+\citation{microsoft1996word}
+\citation{adobe1995frame}
+\citation{interleaf1996}
+\citation{ossanna1976troff}
+\citation{reid1980scribe}
+\citation{knuth1984tex}
+\citation{kingston1995lout.program}
+\citation{lamport1986latex}
+\citation{goldfarb1991hytime}
+\citation{goldfarb1990sgml}
+\citation{furuta1982survey}
+\citation{kernighan1989retro}
+\citation{kingston1993lout.design}
+\citation{foxley1987music}
+\citation{kernighan1982pic}
+\citation{vanwyk1980}
+\citation{krishnamurthy1995unix}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {newarticle}{\numberline {I}The Future of Document Formatting (Working Paper)}{3}{newarticle.3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Abstract}{3}{section.4}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Introduction}{3}{section.5}}
+\citation{apple1996quickdraw}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Requirements}{4}{section.6}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Editability}{4}{subsection.7}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Extensibility}{4}{subsection.8}}
+\citation{brooks1991lilac}
+\citation{krishnamurthy1995unix}
+\citation{adobe1990ps}
+\citation{knuth1981bpl}
+\citation{plass1981}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Generality}{6}{subsection.9}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Optimality}{6}{subsection.10}}
+\citation{knuth1984tex}
+\citation{winston1992}
+\bibcite{adobe1990ps}{1}
+\bibcite{adobe1995frame}{2}
+\bibcite{apple1996quickdraw}{3}
+\bibcite{brooks1991lilac}{4}
+\bibcite{foxley1987music}{5}
+\bibcite{furuta1982survey}{6}
+\bibcite{goldfarb1990sgml}{7}
+\bibcite{goldfarb1991hytime}{8}
+\bibcite{interleaf1996}{9}
+\bibcite{kernighan1982pic}{10}
+\bibcite{kernighan1989retro}{11}
+\bibcite{kingston1993lout.design}{12}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Conclusion}{8}{section.11}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Acknowledgements}{8}{section.12}}
+\bibcite{kingston1995lout.program}{13}
+\bibcite{knuth1981bpl}{14}
+\bibcite{knuth1984tex}{15}
+\bibcite{krishnamurthy1995unix}{16}
+\bibcite{lamport1986latex}{17}
+\bibcite{microsoft1996word}{18}
+\bibcite{ossanna1976troff}{19}
+\bibcite{plass1981}{20}
+\bibcite{reid1980scribe}{21}
+\bibcite{winston1992}{22}
+\bibcite{vanwyk1980}{23}
+\citation{one}
+\citation{one}
+\citation{two}
+\citation{three}
+\citation{four}
+\citation{five}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {newarticle}{\numberline {II}Standard DTDs and scientific publishing}{10}{newarticle.14}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Abstract}{10}{section.15}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Introduction}{10}{section.16}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Scientific publishing}{10}{section.17}}
+\newlabel{sci-pub}{{3}{10}{Scientific publishing\relax }{section.17}{}}
+\citation{six}
+\citation{seven}
+\citation{eight}
+\citation{nine}
+\citation{ten}
+\citation{eleven}
+\citation{twelve}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Encoding of mathematical formulas}{11}{section.18}}
+\citation{thirteen}
+\citation{eleven}
+\citation{twelve}
+\citation{ten}
+\citation{fourteen}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Characteristics of mathematical notation}{12}{subsection.23}}
+\newlabel{character}{{4.1}{12}{Characteristics of mathematical notation\relax }{subsection.23}{}}
+\citation{fifteen}
+\citation{one}
+\citation{sixteen}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Who performs the markup of math?}{13}{subsection.28}}
+\newlabel{first}{{1.}{13}{Who performs the markup of math?\relax }{Item.29}{}}
+\newlabel{second}{{2.}{13}{Who performs the markup of math?\relax }{Item.30}{}}
+\newlabel{third}{{3.}{13}{Who performs the markup of math?\relax }{Item.31}{}}
+\citation{seventeen}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}Feasibility of S-type notation}{14}{subsection.32}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Some problems with existing languages}{14}{subsection.34}}
+\citation{eighteen}
+\citation{nineteen}
+\citation{twenty}
+\citation{twentyone}
+\citation{twentytwo}
+\citation{sixteen}
+\citation{seventeen}
+\citation{twentythree}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Re-using mathematical formulas}{15}{section.35}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Related problems}{15}{section.36}}
+\citation{twentyfive}
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+(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1.
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+
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+/pdftex/config/lw35.map][/home/rahtz/texlive/texmf/pdftex/config/rawfonts.map][
+/home/rahtz/texlive/texmf/pdftex/config/em.map][/home/rahtz/texmf.local/pdftex/
+config/elpdf.map]
+checksum mismatch in local font psyr in virtual font zptmcmrm.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font ptmri8r in virtual font zptmcmrm.vf ignored.]
+LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for T1+phv on input line 52.
+
+(/home/rahtz/texlive/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1phv.fd
+File: t1phv.fd 1998/11/05 Fontinst v1.800 font definitions for T1/phv.
+))
+\tf@toc=\write6
+\openout6 = `bask7_1.toc'.
+
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+(Font) Font shape `T1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 25.
+LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for U+logo on input line 58.
+
+(/home/rahtz/texlive/texmf/tex/latex/mflogo/ulogo.fd
+File: ulogo.fd 1999/03/10 v2.0 LaTeX font defs for Metafont and MetaPost logos
+) (lout.tex [2] [3
+
+]
+[4]
+Underfull \vbox (badness 10000) has occurred while \output is active []
+
+ [5
+checksum mismatch in local font psyr in virtual font zptmcmr.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font ptmr8r in virtual font zptmcmr.vf ignored.]
+Underfull \hbox (badness 7064) in paragraph at lines 372--377
+[]\T1/ptm/m/n/10 Now there will be sev-eral ways in which each atomic step may
+be per-formed. For ex-am-ple,
+ []
+
+[6] [7
+checksum mismatch in local font psyr in virtual font zpzccmry.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font pzcmi8r in virtual font zpzccmry.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font ptmr8r in virtual font zpzccmry.vf ignored.]
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+(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 570.
+
+[8]) (dtd.tex [9] [10
+
+] [11]
+LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <8> not available
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+[13
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+checksum mismatch in local font pzcmi8r in virtual font zpzccmry.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font ptmr8r in virtual font zpzccmry.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font psyr in virtual font zptmcmr.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font ptmr8r in virtual font zptmcmr.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font psyr in virtual font zptmcmrm.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font ptmri8r in virtual font zptmcmrm.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font psyr in virtual font zptmcmrm.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font ptmri8r in virtual font zptmcmrm.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font psyr in virtual font zptmcmr.vf ignored.
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+checksum mismatch in local font pzcmi8r in virtual font zpzccmry.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font ptmr8r in virtual font zpzccmry.vf ignored.]
+[14
+checksum mismatch in local font psyr in virtual font zptmcmrm.vf ignored.
+checksum mismatch in local font ptmri8r in virtual font zptmcmrm.vf ignored.]
+[15] [16]) (ltour3.tex [17]
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+ [18
+
+] [19] [20]
+Underfull \hbox (badness 4072) in paragraph at lines 415--418
+[]\T1/ptm/m/n/10 Declares URW Nim-bus Roman-Regular and URW Nim-bus Sans-Regula
+r as []\T1/pcr/m/n/10 \rmfamily \T1/ptm/m/n/10 and
+ []
+
+[21] [22] [23] [24]) (rahtz.tex
+\boxdef=\box60
+LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `T1/phv/m/it' in size <10> not available
+(Font) Font shape `T1/phv/m/sl' tried instead on input line 28.
+ [25]
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+(Font) Font shape `T1/phv/b/n' tried instead on input line 28.
+ [26
+
+]
+\openout3 = `0-2-1.mp'.
+
+\openout3 = `0-3-1.mp'.
+
+ [27]
+\openout3 = `0-3-2.mp'.
+
+\openout3 = `0-3-3.mp'.
+
+\openout3 = `0-3-4.mp'.
+
+ [28]
+\openout3 = `0-3-5.mp'.
+
+\openout3 = `0-3-6.mp'.
+
+ [29]
+\openout3 = `0-3-7.mp'.
+
+\openout3 = `0-3-8.mp'.
+
+ [30]
+\openout3 = `0-3-9.mp'.
+
+\openout3 = `0-3-10.mp'.
+
+ [31]
+\openout3 = `0-3-11.mp'.
+
+
+Underfull \vbox (badness 1184) has occurred while \output is active []
+
+ [32]
+\openout3 = `0-3-12.mp'.
+
+)
+(regul.tex [33] [34
+
+]) (bask7_1.aux) )
+Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
+ 4042 strings out of 10630
+ 49485 string characters out of 68277
+ 104855 words of memory out of 1500001
+ 6701 multiletter control sequences out of 10000+577
+ 115018 words of font info for 147 fonts, out of 200000 for 1000
+ 14 hyphenation exceptions out of 1000
+ 39i,10n,38p,245b,569s stack positions out of 300i,100n,500p,50000b,4000s
+<8r.enc> </home/rahtz/texlive/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/jknappen/
+ec/ecrm1000.600pk> </home/rahtz/texlive/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/jknappen/ec/ecrm0
+700.600pk><lcircle1.pfb><line10.pfb><cmsy10.pfb><cmr10.pfb><logo10.pfb><cmmi10.
+pfb>
+Output written on bask7_1.pdf (34 pages, 221882 bytes).
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.out b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..184b7ca000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.out
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.2}{Editorial}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{newarticle.3}{The Future of Document Formatting \(Working Paper\)}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.4}{Abstract}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.5}{Introduction}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.6}{Requirements}{}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.7}{Editability}{section.6}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.8}{Extensibility}{section.6}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.9}{Generality}{section.6}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.10}{Optimality}{section.6}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.11}{Conclusion}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.12}{Acknowledgements}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{newarticle.14}{Standard DTDs and scientific publishing}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.15}{Abstract}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.16}{Introduction}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.17}{Scientific publishing}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.18}{Encoding of mathematical formulas}{}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.23}{Characteristics of mathematical notation}{section.18}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.28}{Who performs the markup of math?}{section.18}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.32}{Feasibility of S-type notation}{section.18}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.34}{Some problems with existing languages}{section.18}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.35}{Re-using mathematical formulas}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.36}{Related problems}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.37}{Conclusions}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{newarticle.39}{A LaTeX Tour, part 3: mfnfss, psnfss and babel}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.40}{Introduction}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.41}{The MFNFSS Distribution}{}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.42}{Font Packages}{section.41}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.44}{T1 Encoded `Concrete' Fonts}{section.41}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.45}{The PSNFSS Distribution}{}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.46}{PSFONTS}{section.45}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.50}{Standard PSNFSS Packages}{section.45}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.51}{Freely Available Type 1 Text Fonts}{section.45}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.52}{Commercial Text Fonts}{section.45}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.54}{Adobe Lucida}{section.45}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.55}{Lucida Bright}{section.45}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.56}{MathTime}{section.45}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.57}{Documentation and Other Files}{section.45}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.58}{PSNFSSX}{section.45}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.59}{The Babel Distribution}{}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.60}{Babel Kernel}{section.59}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.61}{Language-Specific Files}{section.59}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.66}{Compatibility Files}{section.59}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.67}{Installation Script and Font Descriptor Files}{section.59}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.68}{Documentation}{section.59}
+\BOOKMARK [2]{subsection.71}{Example File}{section.59}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.72}{Coming Soon}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{newarticle.73}{A tutorial on using MetaPost's graph package}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.74}{Introduction}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.76}{Getting started}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{section.78}{Variations in basic graphing}{}
+\BOOKMARK [1]{newarticle.95}{The UK TeX Users' Group}{}
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01b01f72fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+\documentclass[fleqn]{baskrep}
+
+%\def\dings{\par\hrule\par}
+%\let\Dings\dings
+
+\BASKvol{7}
+\BASKno{1}
+\BASKed*{Kaveh Bazargan}% * for Guest editor
+\BASKyear{1997}
+\BASKmonth{September}
+% Things this paper definitely needs
+\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{relsize}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb,amstext}
+%\newcommand\ftp{\textsf{ftp}\xspace}
+%\DeclareRobustCommand\cs[1]{\texttt{\char`\\#1}}
+%
+%\def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}
+
+%\def\LyX{L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\spacefactor1000}%
+
+\begin{document}
+
+ \begin{frontmatter}
+ \section{Editorial}
+We had fun trying to output this issue together. Because of the very nature
+of Baskerville, being written by the {\TeX}perts, and pushing {\TeX} to its
+limits, it is not the simplest publication to handle. Now we all like to do
+things in the most elegant way possible but, having run a production
+environment for a few years, we have learned to use the quick and dirty
+method when it works. I thought some notes on the production of this issue
+might be of interest.
+
+The work was done using Textures on a Power Computing Macintosh clone. The
+initial problem came from (of all places) fonts. Textures uses a system of
+font management different to other machines (in itself no bad thing). A
+version of the Baskerville class file had to be chosen from the several that
+were offered/located (actually a \verb|diff| was performed on them and the most
+likely looking candiates were pinched into one big, mutated, class file---it
+worked, so who are we to complain). Things went smoothly until Sebastian's
+MetaPost article where the use of \verb|%*Font|, dvips specific, commands meant
+that the \verb|.eps| files needed to be modified to run under Textures. The
+following lines where added. (This is not a general solution and can be
+quite dangerous, but it was quick.)
+\begin{verbatim}
+/cmsy10 /CMSY10 def
+/cmr10 /CMR10 def
+/cmmi10 /CMMI10 def
+/fshow {exch findfont exch scalefont setfont
+ show}bind def
+\end{verbatim}
+What it does is to make the text \verb|cmr10|, etc active (so no phrases like
+`this figure uses cmr10' are allowed) and defines the \verb|fshow| command.
+Unfortunately you must have access to \emph{all} the fonts locally on your
+machine as they aren't embedded into the PostScript. Obviously we could have
+run MetaPost on the original source codes, by adding a \verb|prologues := 1;|
+command of course, but as both methods require us to change all the files
+and the latter requires an extra processing step from {\MP} so the first
+method was deemed acceptable.
+
+Jeff Kingston is the author of the batch-processing document formatter
+\textsf{lout}. His paper was written while he was on sabbatical in the
+\acro{UK}, and he was happy for it to be republished in \BV{} (after
+translation to \LaTeX{}, of course). The paper is over a year old,
+but Jeff welcomes comments (other than those of the form ``if you did
+this in \LaTeX{}, all your problems would go away''\dots).
+
+The paper on standard \acro{DTD}s was first published in \acro{EPSIG} News 5
+number 3, September 1992, pp\,10--19. Permission was obtained from
+the three authors to republish in \BV{}.
+
+Despite the extreme age of this paper it contains much useful comment
+and observation of the problems of encoding mathematical notations.
+Two appendices have been omitted: `Existing mathematical notations'
+and `Comparison between \acro{ISO} \acro{TR}~9573 and \acro{AAP} Math
+\acro{DTD}s'.
+
+
+Good luck to the next editor!
+ \end{frontmatter}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \input{lout}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \input{dtd}
+
+%\Dings
+
+ \input{ltour3}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \def\textdegree{$^{\circ}$}
+ \input{rahtz}
+
+% \input{lyx-intro}
+% \input{lyx}
+\vfill
+\Dings
+\vfill
+\clearpage
+
+ \input{regul}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.toc b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.toc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a37ff0f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bask7_1.toc
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Editorial}{2}{section.2}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{\numberline {I}The Future of Document Formatting (Working Paper)}{3}{newarticle.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Abstract}{3}{section.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Introduction}{3}{section.5}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Requirements}{4}{section.6}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Editability}{4}{subsection.7}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Extensibility}{4}{subsection.8}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Generality}{6}{subsection.9}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Optimality}{6}{subsection.10}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Conclusion}{8}{section.11}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Acknowledgements}{8}{section.12}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{\numberline {II}Standard DTDs and scientific publishing}{10}{newarticle.14}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Abstract}{10}{section.15}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Introduction}{10}{section.16}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Scientific publishing}{10}{section.17}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Encoding of mathematical formulas}{11}{section.18}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Characteristics of mathematical notation}{12}{subsection.23}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Who performs the markup of math?}{13}{subsection.28}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}Feasibility of S-type notation}{14}{subsection.32}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Some problems with existing languages}{14}{subsection.34}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Re-using mathematical formulas}{15}{section.35}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Related problems}{15}{section.36}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Conclusions}{16}{section.37}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{\numberline {III}A \LaTeX \ Tour, part 3: mfnfss, psnfss and babel}{18}{newarticle.39}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{18}{section.40}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}The MFNFSS Distribution}{18}{section.41}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}Font Packages}{18}{subsection.42}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}T1 Encoded `Concrete' Fonts}{18}{subsection.44}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}The PSNFSS Distribution}{18}{section.45}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}PSFONTS}{19}{subsection.46}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Font Vendors}{19}{section*.47}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Standard \textsc {PostScript}\ Fonts}{20}{section*.48}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Tools and Extra Packages}{20}{section*.49}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Standard PSNFSS Packages}{20}{subsection.50}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Freely Available Type\nobreakspace {}1 Text Fonts}{21}{subsection.51}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Commercial Text Fonts}{21}{subsection.52}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5}Adobe Lucida}{22}{subsection.54}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6}Lucida Bright}{22}{subsection.55}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.7}MathTime}{22}{subsection.56}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.8}Documentation and Other Files}{22}{subsection.57}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.9}PSNFSSX}{23}{subsection.58}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}The Babel Distribution}{23}{section.59}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Babel Kernel}{23}{subsection.60}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Language-Specific Files}{23}{subsection.61}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}Compatibility Files}{24}{subsection.66}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Installation Script and Font Descriptor Files}{25}{subsection.67}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}Documentation}{25}{subsection.68}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{ASCII Text Files}{25}{section*.69}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{T\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX\spacefactor \@m \ Documents}{25}{section*.70}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}Example File}{25}{subsection.71}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Coming Soon}{25}{section.72}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{\numberline {IV}A tutorial on using MetaPost's \textsf {graph} package}{26}{newarticle.73}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{26}{section.74}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Getting started}{26}{section.76}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Variations in basic graphing}{27}{section.78}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Frames, ticks, grids and scales}{28}{section*.80}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Reading data files}{28}{section*.83}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Different graph types}{30}{section*.87}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{\numberline {V}The UK T\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX\spacefactor \@m \ Users' Group}{34}{newarticle.95}
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/baskerville.cls b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/baskerville.cls
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa7f7c9e4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/baskerville.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+% Baskerville.cls:
+% Adrian Clark
+% Sue Brooks
+% Sebastan Rahtz
+%
+% based on the original LaTeX ARTICLE DOCUMENT STYLE
+%
+% for LaTeX2e
+%
+% 29.5.94 added ISSN
+% 2.6.94 corrected \ukt\ macro
+% 7.6.94 centered captions
+% 15.8.94 changed editor names etc
+% 2.11.94 use Alan Jeffrey's code for paths, emails, URLs etc
+% from faq.sty
+% put PA address in mast head
+% Journals use two-sided printing.
+% 1.12.94 cleaned again for FAQ issue.
+% 6.12.94 more little fixes for FAQ issue
+% 14.3.95 parameterized date
+% 12.6.95 removed JF
+% 8.95 worked on to make HH run. color and array need to go back
+% 1996/02/06 DPC
+% Added fontmatter and submissiondates environments
+% Added \BASKed \BASKed* \BASKyear \BASKmonth
+% \BASKtitle \BASKheadparone and \BASKheadpartwo
+% commands set the `fixed' texts on the masthead.
+
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesClass{baskerville}[1997/05/07 v3.12a Baskerville newsletter class]
+\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
+\ProcessOptions
+\LoadClass{article}
+%\RequirePackage[noisy]{textfit}
+%\RequirePackage{pifont}
+%\RequirePackage{latexsym}
+%\RequirePackage{calc}
+%\RequirePackage{ifthen}
+%\RequirePackage{longtable}
+%\RequirePackage{texnames}
+%\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+%\DeleteShortVerb{\|}
+%
+% This package is *required* if we're using baskerville
+\RequirePackage[cm,mbvx]{ltx-logo}
+%
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+%
+\let\FAQverbFamily\ttfamily
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\FAQverb}[2]{{%
+ \ifvmode\leavevmode\fi
+ \lefthyphenmin=256\setlanguage\language
+ \FAQverbFamily\hyphenchar\the\font`#1\relax
+ \def\@tempa{#2}%
+ \expandafter\@faq@strip\meaning\@tempa\@faq@strip
+ \hyphenchar\the\font\m@ne
+}\setlanguage\language}
+\def\@faq@strip#1->#2\@faq@strip{#2}
+%
+% Document markup:
+%
+%\makeatother % because @ is a delimiter here, it had better have the
+% % same catcode as it will when the macro's invoked
+%\def\Email|#1@#2|{\FAQverb\-{#1@}\penalty10\FAQverb\.{#2}} % email
+%\makeatletter
+%\def\FTP|#1|{\FAQverb\.{#1}} % FTP site
+%\def\File|#1|{\FAQverb\/{#1}} % file name
+%\def\CTAN{\FAQverb\/} % CTAN path
+%\def\Newsgroup|#1|{\FAQverb\.{#1}} % newsgroup
+%\let\URL\url
+%\def\URL|#1://#2/#3|{\FAQverb\.{#1://#2/}\penalty10\FAQverb\/{#3}}
+%\def\path|#1|{\FAQverb\/{#1}} % generic path
+\RequirePackage{url}
+\let\File\path % for compatibility with old files
+\let\URL\url
+
+\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{mbvx}
+\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{cmss}
+\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{cmtt}
+
+\fontfamily{mbvx}\selectfont
+%\DeclareFontShape{T1}{mbvx}{m}{sl}{<->ssub * mbvx/m/it}{}
+%\RequirePackage{array}
+%\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage{graphics}
+\RequirePackage{color}
+\RequirePackage{multicol}
+\RequirePackage{mflogo}
+\RequirePackage{pifont}
+
+%
+% \acro command and other size juggling
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+\providecommand\acro[1]{\textsmaller{#1}\@}
+
+%\RequirePackage{footcols}
+\newcommand\bs{{\ttfamily\upshape\char'134}}
+%\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+%\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+\lineskip 1\p@
+\normallineskip 1\p@
+\def\baselinestretch{1}
+\renewcommand\normalsize{%
+ \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
+ \abovedisplayskip 8\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus1\p@
+ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
+ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus3\p@
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+ \let\@listi\@listI}
+\let\@normalsize\normalsize
+\normalsize
+\renewcommand\small{%
+ \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{10.5}%
+ \abovedisplayskip 4\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus1\p@
+ \abovedisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus1\p@
+ \belowdisplayshortskip \abovedisplayshortskip
+ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \topsep 2\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus1\p@
+ \parsep \z@
+ \itemsep 2\p@}%
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+\renewcommand\footnotesize{%
+ \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{9}%
+ \abovedisplayskip 4\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus1\p@
+ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@
+ \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@
+ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \topsep 1\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus1\p@
+ \parsep \z@
+ \itemsep 2\p@}%
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+\renewcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
+\renewcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
+\renewcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xipt{12}}
+\renewcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xiipt{14}}
+\renewcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xivpt{17}}
+\renewcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xviipt{20}}
+\renewcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxpt{30}}
+\normalsize
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
+
+% ****************************************
+% * PAGE LAYOUT *
+% ****************************************
+%
+% SIDE MARGINS:
+\oddsidemargin -2.5pc \evensidemargin -2.5pc
+\marginparwidth 4pc % don't use marginal notes...
+\marginparsep 0.5pc % ...in the UK TUG newsletter
+
+% VERTICAL SPACING:
+\topmargin -3pc
+\headheight 12\p@
+\headsep 15\p@
+\topskip 10\p@
+\footskip 15\p@
+
+% DIMENSION OF TEXT:
+
+\textheight 250mm % height of text on a page (A4 paper)
+\textwidth 180mm % total width of a page
+\columnseprule 0.5\p@ % width of line in the inter-column gutter
+\columnsep 10mm % space between columns
+\tolerance 9999 % make those columns justify
+
+% FOOTNOTES:
+\footnotesep 6\p@
+\skip\footins 19.5\p@ plus 12\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+
+% FLOATS:
+\floatsep 12\p@ plus 5.5\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+\textfloatsep 15\p@ plus 4.5\p@ \@minus 3\p@
+\intextsep 12\p@ plus 5.5\p@ \@minus 2\p@
+\dblfloatsep 12\p@ plus 5.5\p@ \@minus 2\p@
+\dbltextfloatsep 15\p@ plus 4.5\p@ \@minus 3\p@
+\@fptop 0\p@ plus 0fil
+\@fpsep 12\p@ plus 0fil
+\@fpbot 0\p@ plus 3fil
+\@dblfptop 0\p@ plus 0fil
+\@dblfpsep 12\p@ plus 0fil
+\@dblfpbot 0\p@ plus 3fil
+\marginparpush 5\p@
+
+% ****************************************
+% * PARAGRAPHING *
+% ****************************************
+%
+\parindent 12\p@
+\parskip \z@ plus .1\p@
+\partopsep 0\p@ plus 1\p@
+\@lowpenalty 51
+\@medpenalty 151
+\@highpenalty 301
+\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\clubpenalty=0
+\widowpenalty=10000
+
+% ****************************************
+% * SKIPS *
+% ****************************************
+%
+\newskip\@indentskip
+\newskip\smallindent
+\newskip\@footindent
+\newskip\@leftskip
+\@indentskip=1.25pc
+\smallindent=\parindent
+\@footindent=\smallindent
+\@leftskip=\z@
+
+
+% ****************************************
+% * SECTIONS *
+% ****************************************
+%
+\def\Section{\@startsection{newarticle}{0}{\z@}
+ {-24\p@ \@plus -12\p@ \@minus -.1\p@}
+ {12\p@ \@plus 1\p@}
+ {\raggedright\Large\bfseries}}
+\def\SSection{\@startsection{newarticle}{0}{\z@}
+ {-24\p@ \@plus -12\p@ \@minus -.1\p@}
+% {-10\p@ \@plus -5\p@ \@minus -.1\p@}
+ {12\p@ \@plus 1\p@}
+ {\raggedright\Large\bfseries}[\@title]}
+\def\section{%\typeout{** section!}%
+\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}
+ {-12\p@ \@plus -6\p@ \@minus -.1\p@}
+ {6\p@}
+ {\raggedright\large\bfseries}}
+\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}
+ {-4\p@ \@plus -2\p@ \@minus -.1\p@}
+ {0.1\p@ \@plus 2\p@}
+ {\raggedright\normalsize\itshape}}
+\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}
+ {-6\p@ \@plus -3\p@ \@minus -1\p@}
+ {0.1\p@ \@plus 2\p@}
+ {\raggedright\normalsize\it}}
+\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}
+ {12\p@ \@plus 2.25\p@ \@minus -1\p@}
+ {-0.5em}
+ {\normalsize\bfseries}}
+\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\z@}
+ {12\p@ \@plus 2.25\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
+ {-0.5em}
+ {\normalsize\it}}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1}
+%
+\def\appendix{\par
+ \setcounter{section}{0}
+ \setcounter{subsection}{0}
+ \def\thesection{\Alph{section}}}
+
+% ****************************************
+% * PARTS & SECTIONS NUMBERS *
+% ****************************************
+%
+\newcounter{newarticle}
+\@newctr{section}[newarticle]
+\def\thenewarticle {\Alph{newarticle}}
+
+% ****************************************
+% * LISTS *
+% ****************************************
+%
+\leftmargini \@indentskip
+\leftmarginii 1pc
+\leftmarginiii 1pc
+\leftmarginiv 1pc
+\leftmarginv 1pc
+\leftmarginvi 1pc
+\leftmargin\leftmargini
+\labelsep 0.5em
+\labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+%
+% label macros for Range-Left and Range-Right labels
+\def\makeRLlabel#1{\rlap{#1}\hss}
+\def\makeRRlabel#1{\hss\llap{#1}}
+%
+\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \parsep \z@
+ \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+ \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+}
+\let\@listi\@listI
+\@listi
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+ \parsep \z@
+ \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+}
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+ \parsep \z@
+ \partopsep \z@
+ \itemsep \topsep
+}
+\def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+}
+\def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+}
+\def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+}
+%
+% ITEMIZE
+\def\itemize{\ifnum \@itemdepth >3 \@toodeep
+ \else \advance\@itemdepth \@ne
+ \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
+ \list{\csname\@itemitem\endcsname}%
+ {\let\makelabel\makeRRlabel}%
+ \fi}
+\def\labelitemi{$\bullet$}
+\def\labelitemii{--}
+\def\labelitemiii{$\cdot$}
+\def\labelitemiv{*}
+%
+% ENUMERATE with optional argument to set left margin...
+\def\enumerate{\ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep \else
+ \advance\@enumdepth \@ne
+ \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}%
+ \fi
+ \@ifnextchar [{\@enumeratetwo}{\@enumerateone}%
+}
+\def\@enumeratetwo[#1]{%
+ \list{\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}%
+ {\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
+ \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \usecounter{\@enumctr}
+ \let\makelabel\makeRRlabel}
+}
+\def\@enumerateone{%
+ \list{\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}%
+ {\usecounter{\@enumctr}
+ \let\makelabel\makeRRlabel}}
+%
+\def\labelenumi{\theenumi}
+\def\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
+\def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
+\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
+\def\p@enumii{\theenumi}
+\def\labelenumiii{\theenumiii}
+\def\theenumiii{\roman{enumiii}}
+\def\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
+\def\labelenumiv{\theenumiv}
+\def\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}}
+\def\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
+% ARRAY AND TABULAR
+%
+\arraycolsep 5\p@
+\tabcolsep 6\p@
+\arrayrulewidth .5\p@
+\doublerulesep 1.5\p@
+
+% ****************************************
+% * TITLES AND ABSTRACT *
+% ****************************************
+%
+
+%% Volume Number (ie Year - 1990)
+\def\BASKvol#1{\gdef\BASK@vol{#1}}
+\BASKvol{?}
+
+%% Issue Number (ie Month/2, roughly)
+\def\BASKno#1{\gdef\BASK@no{#1}}
+\BASKno{?}
+
+% Editor, Star form for Guest editor
+\def\BASKed{\@ifstar{\BASK@ed{Guest }}{\BASK@ed{}}}
+\def\BASK@ed#1#2{\gdef\BASK@editor{#1Editor: #2}}
+\BASKed{????????}
+
+%% Year (4 digits)
+\def\BASKyear#1{\gdef\thisyear{#1}}
+\BASKyear{????}
+
+% Month (as a Word)
+\def\BASKmonth#1{\gdef\thismonth{#1}}
+\BASKmonth{?????}
+
+\def\makeBSKtitle{\par
+ \begingroup
+ \vspace*{-\headheight}%
+ \@maketitle
+ \bigskip\hrule\bigskip
+ \thispagestyle{plain}
+ \endgroup
+ \let\maketitle\relax
+ \let\@maketitle\relax
+}
+\newbox\BSKbox
+\def\@maketitle{%
+ \centerline{\BASK@titleline}%
+ \medskip
+ \hbox to \textwidth{\bfseries The Annals of the UK \TeX\ Users'
+ Group\hfill \BASK@editor\hfill Vol.~\BASK@vol\ No.~\BASK@no}%
+ \smallskip\hbox to \textwidth{\bfseries ISSN 1354--5930
+ \hfill \thismonth\ \thisyear}%
+ \medskip
+ \noindent\ignorespaces
+ \BASK@headparone\unskip\par
+ \ignorespaces\BASK@headpartwo\unskip}
+
+% The frontmatter environment should contain a sequence of article
+% environments that are run into two columns. It inserts the masthead
+% across both columns, and the table of contents at the start of
+% column one.
+\def\frontmatter{%
+ \vspace*{-1cm}% Would make more sense to incorporate this into
+ % \maketitle, but leave it like this for compat.
+ \begin{multicols}{2}[\makeBSKtitle]%
+ \tableofcontents}
+\def\endfrontmatter{%
+ \end{multicols}}
+
+
+% The Journal title command.
+% You probably only want to change this if you want to use a design-size
+% font rather than let \scaletowidth scale for some special issue.
+\def\BASKtitle#1{\gdef\BASK@titleline{#1}}
+\let\scaletowidth=\resizebox% added by Sean K. Harbour for Textures
+\BASKtitle{%
+ \bfseries
+ \scaletowidth{\textwidth}{!}{% modified by Sean K. Harbour
+ B\,a\,s\,k\,e\,r\,v\,i\,l\,l\,e}}
+
+
+% The first paragraph. Needs to be reset if a special issue used a
+% different font set.
+\def\BASKheadparone#1{\gdef\BASK@headparone{#1}}
+\BASKheadparone{%
+Articles may be submitted via electronic mail to
+\texttt{baskerville@tex.ac.uk}, or on MSDOS-compatible discs,
+to Sebastian Rahtz, Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford
+Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, to whom any correspondence
+concerning \BV\ should also be addressed. This \BV\ is set in Monotype
+Baskerville, with Computer Modern Typewriter for literal
+text, and printed on a Xerox Docutech. Production and distribution is
+undertaken in Cambridge by Robin Fairbairns. Back
+issues from the previous 12 months may be ordered from \ukt\ for
+\pounds2 each; earlier issues are archived on \textsc{ctan} in
+\texttt{usergrps/uktug}.}
+
+% The second paragraph.
+\def\BASKheadpartwo#1{\gdef\BASK@headpartwo{#1}}
+\BASKheadpartwo{%
+Please send \ukt\ subscriptions, and book or software orders, to
+Peter Abbott, 1 Eymore Close, Selly Oak, Birmingham B29 4LB.
+Fax/telephone: 0121 476 2159. Email
+enquiries about \ukt\ to \protect\texttt{uktug-enquiries@tex.ac.uk}.}
+
+
+\def\and{\end{tabular}\vskip 6pt\par
+ \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}}
+%
+\def\abstract{\@abstract}
+\def\endabstract{\end{quote}}
+\def\@abstract{\subsection*{Summary}\begin{quote}}
+
+% ****************************************
+% * PAGE STYLES *
+% ****************************************
+%
+\mark{{}{}}
+\gdef\@author{}
+\def\author{\@ifnextchar [{\@authortwo}{\@authorone}}
+\def\@authortwo[#1]#2{\gdef\@author{#2}\gdef\@shortauthor{#1}}
+\def\@authorone#1{\gdef\@author{#1}\gdef\@shortauthor{#1}}
+\gdef\@shortauthor{Dummy Author}
+\gdef\@title{}
+\gdef\@longtitle{}
+\def\title{\@ifnextchar [{\@titletwo}{\@titleone}}
+\def\@titletwo[#1]#2{\gdef\@title{#1}\gdef\@longtitle{#2}}
+\def\@titleone#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\gdef\@longtitle{#1}}
+\gdef\@longtitle{Dummy Title}
+
+%
+% \ps@empty defined in LATEX.TEX
+%
+\def\ps@plain{\let\@mkboth\markboth
+ \def\@oddhead{}
+ \def\@evenhead{}
+ \def\@oddfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+ \def\@evenfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+}
+\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
+ \def\@oddhead{\hfill\emph{\@title}\hfill}
+ \def\@oddfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+ \def\@evenhead{\it Baskerville \hfill
+ Volume \BASK@vol, Number \BASK@no}
+ \def\@evenfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+}
+\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+ \def\@oddhead{\it\@shortauthor \hfill \@title}
+ \def\@oddfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+ \def\@evenhead{\it Baskerville \hfill
+ Volume \BASK@vol, Number \BASK@no}
+ \def\@evenfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+ \def\sectionmark##1{}
+ \def\subsectionmark##1{}}
+
+% ****************************************
+% * TABLE OF CONTENTS, ETC. *
+% ****************************************
+%
+\def\@pnumwidth{1.4pc}
+\def\@tocrmarg {2pc}
+\def\@dotsep{10}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{0}
+%\def\tableofcontents{\@restonecolfalse
+% \if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi
+% \section*{Contents} \@starttoc{toc}
+% \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi \par\vspace{12\p@}}
+\def\tableofcontents{\Section*{Contents}\@starttoc{toc}}
+\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
+ \addvspace{2.25em \@plus 1\p@}
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+ \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+ {\normalsize\rm
+ \leavevmode \hspace*{3pc}
+ #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss \ }}\par
+ \nobreak \global\@nobreaktrue
+ \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}\endgroup}
+\def\dotfil{%
+ \cleaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern1.5mu.\mkern1.5mu$}\hfil\kern\z@}
+\def\l@newarticle#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}
+% \addvspace{1.0em \@plus 1\p@}
+ \@tempdima 1.5em % width of box holding section number
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+ \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+ \leavevmode
+ #1\dotfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
+ \endgroup}
+\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\z@}{1.5em}}
+\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
+\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
+\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
+\def\listoffigures{\@restonecolfalse
+ \if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi
+ \section*{List of Figures\@mkboth{List of Figures}{List of Figures}}
+ \@starttoc{lof} \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
+\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+\def\listoftables{\@restonecolfalse
+ \if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi
+ \section*{List of Tables\@mkboth{List of Tables}{List of Tables}}
+ \@starttoc{lot} \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
+\let\l@table\l@figure
+
+% ****************************************
+% * BIBLIOGRAPHY *
+% ****************************************
+%
+\def\thebibliography#1{\section*{\refname}
+ \small
+\list
+ {\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+ \leftmargin\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \usecounter{enumiv}%
+ \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+ \def\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
+ \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus.33em minus.07em}%
+ \parskip\z@ \@plus .1pt\relax
+ \clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
+\def\refname{References}
+\def\endthebibliography{%
+ \def\@noitemerr{\@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+ \endlist}
+
+\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
+\def\topfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
+\def\bottomfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
+\def\textfraction{.1}
+\def\floatpagefraction{.75}
+\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
+\def\dbltopfraction{.9}
+\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.75}
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{\vskip 6\p@
+ \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\small{\bfseries #1.} #2}
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >.8\hsize
+ \hbox to\hsize{%
+ \hfill\parbox{.8\hsize}{\small{\bfseries #1.} #2\par}\hfill}
+ \else
+ \hbox to\hsize{\hfill\box\@tempboxa\hfill}
+ \fi
+ \vskip 6\p@
+}
+
+
+% --- -----------------------------------------------------------------
+% --- Shorthands for non-English abbreviations and words.
+% --- -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\def\foreign{\em}
+\def\etc{{\foreign etc.}} % etc.
+\def\eg{{\foreign e.g.~}\ignorespaces} % e.g.
+\def\egc{{\foreign e.g.,~}\ignorespaces} % e.g.,
+\def\ie{{\foreign i.e.~}\ignorespaces} % i.e.
+\def\iec{{\foreign i.e.,~}\ignorespaces} % i.e.,
+
+% --- -----------------------------------------------------------------
+% --- Tex-related mnemonics.
+% --- -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+\def\La{\protect\p@La}
+\def\p@La{L%
+ {\setbox0\hbox{T}%
+ \setbox2\vbox to\ht0{\kern.07ex\hbox{%
+ \csname S@\f@size\endcsname
+ \math@fontsfalse
+ \fontsize\sf@size\z@\selectfont
+ A}%
+ \vss}%
+ \kern-.5\wd2
+ \box2
+ }}
+\def\AllTeX{(\La)\TeX}
+\def\AmSTeX{%
+ $\mathcal{A}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{$\mathcal{M}$}%
+ \kern-.125em S$\TeX}
+\def\LamsTeX{$\mathcal{L}\mathcal{A}%
+\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{$\mathcal{M}$}\kern-.125em S$\TeX}
+\def\BibTeX{{\rmfamily B\kern-.05em\textsc{i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em\TeX}}
+\def\INRStex{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{\^E}\kern-.125emX}
+\def\JTeX{\leavevmode\hbox{\lower.5ex\hbox{J}\kern-.18em\TeX}}
+\def\LAMSTeX{L\kern -0.4 em \raise 0.3 ex \hbox {$\scriptstyle \mathcal{A}$}%
+ \kern -0.25 em \lower 0.4 ex \hbox {$\cal M$}%
+ \kern -0.1 em \hbox {$\mathcal{S}$}-\TeX}
+\def\AMSLaTeX{{$\mathcal{A}$\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{$\mathcal{M}$}\kern-.125em
+ $\mathcal{S}$-\LaTeX}}
+\def\AMS{{$\mathcal{A}$\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{$\mathcal{M}$}\kern-.125em
+ $\mathcal{S}$}}
+\def\MakeIndex{{\itshape MakeIndex}}
+\def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC}
+\def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX}
+% SliTeX from the SliTeX Documentation
+\def\SLiTeX{%
+ S\kern-.065em L\kern-.18em\raise.32ex\hbox{\textsc{i}}%
+ \kern-.03em\TeX}
+\let\SliTeX\SLiTeX
+\def\POBox{P.\thinspace O.~Box }
+\def\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
+\def\TeXXeT{\TeX--X\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT}
+\def\TUB{\emph{TUGboat}}
+\def\DVI{\texttt{dvi}}
+\def\VF{\textsc{vf}}
+\def\BV{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\def\UKTUG{UK \TeX\ Users' Group}
+\def\ukt{{\footnotesize UK}TUG}
+\let\shortuktug\ukt
+\def\PS{\textsc{PostScript}}
+\newcommand{\payuk}{UK TeX Users' Group}
+\newcommand{\Newline}{\\[0.7\baselineskip]}
+\newcommand{\FullLine}[1]{%
+ \makebox[\linewidth][l]{#1\hrulefill}\Newline}
+\newcommand{\HalfLine}[1]{%
+ \makebox[0.5\linewidth][l]{#1\hrulefill}}
+
+\def\Dash{---}
+
+
+% --- -----------------------------------------------------------------
+% --- Additional commands.
+% --- -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\let\maketitle\make@articletitle
+\def\make@articletitle{\Section[\@title]{\@longtitle}}
+
+% article is for smaller articles with single-column titles.
+\def\article{%
+ \setcounter{figure}{0}%
+ \setcounter{table}{0}%
+ \Section[\@title]{\@longtitle}%
+ \let\maketitle\relax
+ \markright{\@shortauthor\hfill\@longtitle}%
+}
+%
+% Article is when the title is double column
+\def\Article{%
+ \setcounter{figure}{0}%
+ \setcounter{table}{0}%
+ \begin{multicols}{2}[\SSection{\@longtitle}]%
+ \let\maketitle\relax
+ \markright{\@shortauthor\hfill\@longtitle}%
+}
+% FAQ version of article ?
+\def\FArticle{%
+ \setcounter{figure}{0}%
+ \setcounter{table}{0}%
+ \begin{multicols}{2}[\Section*{\@longtitle}]%
+}
+\def\endarticle{\@signature
+ \gdef\@author{\mbox{}}}
+
+\def\endArticle{\@signature
+ \gdef\@author{\mbox{}}\end{multicols}%
+}
+\let\endFArticle\endArticle
+\def\newarticlemark#1{}
+
+% Use like a 4 column tabular but with no preamble argument.
+\def\submissiondates{%
+ \begin{center}%
+ \begin{tabular}{ll@{}l@{}l}
+ \BASK@subtitle{Issue}&
+ \BASK@subtitle{Submit material\\ for publication}&
+ \BASK@subtitle{Submit last-\\minute notices}&
+ \BASK@subtitle{Anticipated\\ posting date}\\[2pt]}
+\def\endsubmissiondates{%
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{center}}
+
+
+% rotated italic head on submission dates table
+\def\BASK@subtitle#1{%
+ \kern-5pt\relax
+ \rotatebox{45}{\itshape\begin{tabular}[b]{@{}l@{}}#1\end{tabular}}}
+
+% --- Macros for cross-referencing tables and figures.
+
+\def\figref#1{Figure~\ref{#1}}
+\def\tabref#1{Table~\ref{#1}}
+
+% --- Output the attribution at the end of an article.
+\def\emptysig{}
+\def\@signature{%
+ \ifx\@author\emptysig\else
+ \begin{flushright}\begin{tabular}{@{}r@{}}\@author\end{tabular}%
+ \end{flushright}\fi}
+
+\def\signature#1{\begin{flushright}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}r@{}}#1\end{tabular}%
+ \end{flushright}}
+
+% ****************************************
+% * INITIALIZATION *
+% ****************************************
+%
+\ps@headings
+\pagenumbering{arabic}
+\sloppy
+\flushbottom
+\frenchspacing
+
+%\extrarowheight2\p@
+\setlength{\multicolsep}{6\p@}
+\let\sl\it
+\newcommand{\meta}[1]{{$\langle$\itshape #1\/$\rangle$}}
+\def\Gin@extensions{.eps,.ps,.eps.gz,.ps.gz,.eps.Z,.pz,.psz}
+\def\Gin@sepdefault{.}%
+\@namedef{Gin@rule@.psz}#1{{.eps}{.bb}{`gunzip -c #1}}
+
+% no rule in footcols
+
+\def\@makecol@ftn{%
+ \vskip \skip\footins
+ \footnoterule
+ \footnotesize
+ \multicolsep\z@\relax
+ \hsize\textwidth
+ \@parboxrestore
+ % {\showoutput\batchmode\showbox\footins}%
+ \raggedcolumns
+ \bgroup \columnseprule 0\p@
+ \begin{multicols}{\the\ftn@col@number}%
+ \unvbox \footins
+ \end{multicols}%
+ \egroup
+}
+%
+% available for inter-article dinglines
+%
+\def\Dings{\nopagebreak{\footnotesize\dingline{167}}}
+%
+\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue
+\endinput
+%% \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/baskerville.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/baskerville.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f41714e9d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/baskerville.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+\documentclass[fleqn]{baskerville}
+
+% Focal Image Ltd---fix/fudges please remove for final processing
+\def\dings{\par\hrule\par}
+\let\Dings\dings
+\def\pounds{{\char163}}
+\def\PS{{P}{\footnotesize\uppercase{ost}}S{\footnotesize\uppercase{cript}}}
+\usepackage{pdfmark}
+\pdfoutput
+%\def\link#1#2{#2}
+% End of Focal Image fix/fudges ---------------------------------
+
+\BASKvol{7}
+\BASKno{1}
+\BASKed*{Kaveh Bazargan}% * for Guest editor
+\BASKyear{1996}
+\BASKmonth{November}
+% Things this paper definitely needs
+%\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb}
+%\newcommand\ftp{\textsf{ftp}\xspace}
+%\DeclareRobustCommand\cs[1]{\texttt{\char`\\#1}}
+%
+\def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+ \begin{frontmatter}
+ \section{Editorial}
+We had fun trying to output this issue together. Because of the very nature
+of Baskerville, being written by the {\TeX}perts, and pushing {\TeX} to its
+limits, it is not the simplest publication to handle. Now we all like to do
+things in the most elegant way possible but, having run a production
+environment for a few years, we have learned to use the quick and dirty
+method when it works. I thought some notes on the production of this issue
+might be of interest.
+
+The work was done using Textures on a Power Computing Macintosh clone. The
+initial problem came from (of all places) fonts. Textures uses a system of
+font management different to other machines (in itself no bad thing). A
+version of the Baskerville class file had to be chosen from the several that
+were offered/located (actually a \verb|diff| was performed on them and the most
+likely looking candiates were pinched into one big, mutated, class file---it
+worked, so who are we to complain). Things went smoothly until Seb's
+MetaPost article where the use of \verb|%*Font|, dvips specific, commands meant
+that the \verb|.eps| files needed to be modified to run under Textures. The
+following lines where added. (This is not a general solution and can be
+quite dangerous, but it was quick.)
+\begin{verbatim}
+/cmsy10 /CMSY10 def
+/cmr10 /CMR10 def
+/cmmi10 /CMMI10 def
+/fshow {exch findfont exch scalefont setfont
+ show}bind def
+\end{verbatim}
+What it does is to make the text \verb|cmr10|, etc active (so no phrases like
+`this figure uses cmr10' are allowed) and defines the \verb|fshow| command.
+Unfortunately you must have access to \emph{all} the fonts locally on your
+machine as they aren't embedded into the PostScript. Obviously we could have
+run MetaPost on the original source codes, but adding a \verb|prologues := 1;|
+command of course, but as both methods require us to change all the files
+and the latter requires an extra processing step from {\MP} so the first
+method was deemed acceptable.
+
+Good luck to the next editor!
+ \end{frontmatter}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \input{lout}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \input{dtd}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \input{ltour3}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \def\textdegree{$^{\circ}$}
+ \input{rahtz}
+
+% \input{lyx-intro}
+% \input{lyx}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \input{regul}
+\end{document} \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.blg b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.blg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68896d1411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.blg
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+This is BibTeX, C Version 0.99c
+The top-level auxiliary file: baskerville.aux
+The style file: plain.bst
+Database file #1: lout.bib
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "one"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "two"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "three"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "four"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "five"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "six"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "seven"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "eight"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "nine"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "ten"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "eleven"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "twelve"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "thirteen"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "fourteen"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "fifteen"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "sixteen"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "seventeen"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "eighteen"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "nineteen"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "twenty"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "twentyone"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "twentytwo"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "twentythree"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "twentyfive"
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "twentysix"
+Warning--empty publisher in apple1996quickdraw
+Warning--empty publisher in ettrich1996lyx
+Warning--empty publisher in interleaf1996
+Warning--empty publisher in kingston1995lout.program
+Warning--empty school in plass1981
+Warning--empty school in vanwyk1980
+(There were 31 warnings)
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.comment b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.comment
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7d85e5538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.comment
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+General comments.
+
+My acrobat reader falls over if fired up directly from the browser (a
+configuration bug, I suppose), but even when I do get it going, I
+can't print acrobat output from your file. So I decided to do a bit
+of work with the source file.
+
+Your ot1mbvx.fd and ot1mbv.fd are presumably Textures-specific, so
+oughtn't to be exported... In fact, we usually set in T1 rather than
+OT1 (and I seem to have problems with my OT1 baskerville setup ;-)
+
+Dings lines are needed.
+
+Let's be honest about the month/year: Nov 1996 is obviously wrong...
+
+LyX logo looks pretty horrid -- could do with tweaking for Baskerville
+
+Who's the author of the Document Formatting paper?
+
+Sebastian's name and address is missing a \\
+
+The last sentence of Lack's second article misspells tale (or he's
+being unduly surreal, which is probably not the case).
+
+****************
+
+But mostly, this is too long! We *must* cut it down to 24pp, but I'm
+not averse to going down to 20 if that's easier.
+
+Let's get your editorial in there, and we can then juggle a bit to see
+what we can cut out and pass on to bv7.2
+
+R
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.dep b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.dep
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b20764651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.dep
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$includes = './lout.tex ./dtd.tex ./ltour3.tex ./rahtz.tex ./lyx-intro.tex ./lyx.tex ./regul.tex ';
+$bib_files = '';
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..129c4a0569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+\documentclass[fleqn]{baskerville}
+
+%\def\dings{\par\hrule\par}
+%\let\Dings\dings
+
+\BASKvol{7}
+\BASKno{1}
+\BASKed*{Kaveh Bazargan}% * for Guest editor
+\BASKyear{1997}
+\BASKmonth{September}
+% Things this paper definitely needs
+%\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb,amstext}
+%\newcommand\ftp{\textsf{ftp}\xspace}
+%\DeclareRobustCommand\cs[1]{\texttt{\char`\\#1}}
+%
+%\def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}
+
+%\def\LyX{L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\spacefactor1000}%
+
+\begin{document}
+
+ \begin{frontmatter}
+ \section{Editorial}
+We had fun trying to output this issue together. Because of the very nature
+of Baskerville, being written by the {\TeX}perts, and pushing {\TeX} to its
+limits, it is not the simplest publication to handle. Now we all like to do
+things in the most elegant way possible but, having run a production
+environment for a few years, we have learned to use the quick and dirty
+method when it works. I thought some notes on the production of this issue
+might be of interest.
+
+The work was done using Textures on a Power Computing Macintosh clone. The
+initial problem came from (of all places) fonts. Textures uses a system of
+font management different to other machines (in itself no bad thing). A
+version of the Baskerville class file had to be chosen from the several that
+were offered/located (actually a \verb|diff| was performed on them and the most
+likely looking candiates were pinched into one big, mutated, class file---it
+worked, so who are we to complain). Things went smoothly until Sebastian's
+MetaPost article where the use of \verb|%*Font|, dvips specific, commands meant
+that the \verb|.eps| files needed to be modified to run under Textures. The
+following lines where added. (This is not a general solution and can be
+quite dangerous, but it was quick.)
+\begin{verbatim}
+/cmsy10 /CMSY10 def
+/cmr10 /CMR10 def
+/cmmi10 /CMMI10 def
+/fshow {exch findfont exch scalefont setfont
+ show}bind def
+\end{verbatim}
+What it does is to make the text \verb|cmr10|, etc active (so no phrases like
+`this figure uses cmr10' are allowed) and defines the \verb|fshow| command.
+Unfortunately you must have access to \emph{all} the fonts locally on your
+machine as they aren't embedded into the PostScript. Obviously we could have
+run MetaPost on the original source codes, by adding a \verb|prologues := 1;|
+command of course, but as both methods require us to change all the files
+and the latter requires an extra processing step from {\MP} so the first
+method was deemed acceptable.
+
+Jeff Kingston is the author of the batch-processing document formatter
+\textsf{lout}. His paper was written while he was on sabbatical in the
+\acro{UK}, and he was happy for it to be republished in \BV{} (after
+translation to \LaTeX{}, of course). The paper is over a year old,
+but Jeff welcomes comments (other than those of the form ``if you did
+this in \LaTeX{}, all your problems would go away''\dots).
+
+The paper on standard \acro{DTD}s was first published in \acro{EPSIG} News 5
+number 3, September 1992, pp\,10--19. Permission was obtained from
+the three authors to republish in \BV{}.
+
+Despite the extreme age of this paper it contains much useful comment
+and observation of the problems of encoding mathematical notations.
+Two appendices have been omitted: `Existing mathematical notations'
+and `Comparison between \acro{ISO} \acro{TR}~9573 and \acro{AAP} Math
+\acro{DTD}s'.
+
+
+Good luck to the next editor!
+ \end{frontmatter}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \input{lout}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \input{dtd}
+
+%\Dings
+
+ \input{ltour3}
+
+\Dings
+
+ \def\textdegree{$^{\circ}$}
+ \input{rahtz}
+
+% \input{lyx-intro}
+% \input{lyx}
+\vfill
+\Dings
+\vfill
+\clearpage
+
+ \input{regul}
+\end{document} \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.toc b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.toc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e06dab7a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/bv71.toc
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+\contentsline {section}{Editorial}{1}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{The Future of Document Formatting (Working Paper)}{1}
+\contentsline {section}{Abstract}{1}
+\contentsline {section}{Introduction}{1}
+\contentsline {section}{Requirements}{2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Editability}{2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Extensibility}{3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Generality}{4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Optimality}{4}
+\contentsline {section}{Conclusion}{5}
+\contentsline {section}{Acknowledgements}{6}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{Standard \textsmaller {DTD}\spacefactor \@m s and scientific publishing}{6}
+\contentsline {section}{Abstract}{6}
+\contentsline {section}{Introduction}{6}
+\contentsline {section}{Scientific publishing}{7}
+\contentsline {section}{Encoding of mathematical formulas}{7}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Characteristics of mathematical notation}{8}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Who performs the markup of math?}{9}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Feasibility of S-type notation}{9}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Some problems with existing languages}{9}
+\contentsline {section}{Re-using mathematical formulas}{10}
+\contentsline {section}{Related problems}{10}
+\contentsline {section}{Conclusions}{11}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{A \LaTeX \ Tour, part 3: mfnfss, psnfss and babel}{12}
+\contentsline {section}{Introduction}{12}
+\contentsline {section}{The \textsf {Mfnfss} Distribution}{12}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Font Packages}{12}
+\contentsline {subsection}{T1 Encoded `Concrete' Fonts}{12}
+\contentsline {section}{The \textsf {Psnfss} Distribution}{12}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\textsf {Psfonts}}{13}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Font Vendors}{13}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Standard \textsc {PostScript}\ Fonts}{13}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Tools and Extra Packages}{14}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Standard \textsf {Psnfss} Packages}{14}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Freely Available Type\nobreakspace {}1 Text Fonts}{14}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Commercial Text Fonts}{15}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Adobe Lucida}{15}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Lucida Bright}{15}
+\contentsline {subsection}{MathTime}{15}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Documentation and Other Files}{15}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\textsf {Psnfssx}}{15}
+\contentsline {section}{The \textsf {Babel} Distribution}{15}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Babel Kernel}{16}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Language-Specific Files}{16}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Compatibility Files}{17}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Installation Script and Font Descriptor Files}{17}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Documentation}{17}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{ASCII Text Files}{17}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{T\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX\spacefactor \@m \ Documents}{17}
+\contentsline {subsection}{Example File}{17}
+\contentsline {section}{Coming Soon}{17}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{A tutorial on using MetaPost's \textsf {graph} package}{17}
+\contentsline {section}{Introduction}{17}
+\contentsline {section}{Getting started}{17}
+\contentsline {section}{Variations in basic graphing}{18}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Frames, ticks, grids and scales}{18}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Reading data files}{19}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{Different graph types}{20}
+\contentsline {newarticle}{The UK T\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX\spacefactor \@m \ Users' Group}{24}
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/dtd.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/dtd.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21493e25a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/dtd.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+\newcommand{\mod}{\mathop{\rm mod}\nolimits}
+\newcommand\dtd{\acro{DTD}}
+\newcommand\SGML{\acro{SGML}\xspace}
+\newcommand\ISO{\acro{ISO}\xspace}
+
+\title{Standard DTDs and scientific publishing}
+\author{N. A. F. M. Poppelier (\texttt{n.poppelier@elsevier.nl}),\\
+E. van Herwijnen (\texttt{eric@vanherwijnen.org}), and \\
+C.A. Rowley (\texttt{C.A.Rowley@open.ac.uk})}
+
+\date{7 August 1992}
+
+\let\Tub\TUB
+
+\begin{Article}
+
+\section{Abstract}
+
+ This paper has two parts.
+In the first part we argue that scientific publishing
+needs \textsl{one} standard \dtd{} for each class of documents
+that is published. For example one for all research
+papers and one for all books. In the second part
+we apply this reasoning to mathematical formulas, and
+we outline some design requirements for a document
+type definition for mathematical formulas. In the
+appendices we discuss and compare existing document
+type definitions for mathematical formulas.
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+In the preface to \cite{one} Charles Goldfarb wrote that the
+Standard Generalized Markup Language can be described
+as many things, and that \SGML is all that -- and more. In
+the introduction to \cite{one} Yuri Rubinsky wrote:
+\begin{quote}
+\ISO~8870 never describes \SGML as a meta-language, but
+everything about its system of declarations and notations
+implies that a developer has the tools to build exactly what
+is required to indicate the internal structure of any type of
+information in a common tool independent manner.
+\end{quote}
+Indeed, a strong point of \SGML is that it can be regarded as
+a meta-language, a tool with which one can define the syntax
+of many languages, very much similar to context-free grammars.
+In \SGML terminology these `languages' are called \textsl{document type
+definitions}, called \textsl{\dtd{}} for short. \dtd{}s can he written
+for any type of information, research papers, books and music. A
+\dtd{} can be used for many purposes, of which two important ones
+are storage and exchange of information coded according to this
+\dtd{}.
+
+The premise of this paper is that the exchange of information,
+if it is based on \SGML, needs a single common \dtd{}, agreed upon
+by all parties involved, for each class of documents that is
+exchanged
+
+Suppose two parties, $A$ and~$B$, exchange information in the
+form of one class of documents. and that they each have a \dtd{},
+$D(A)$ and $D(B)$, with $D(A)$ not identical to $D(B)$. If~$A$ sends a
+document to~$B$ then~$A$ can include the document type
+definition $D(A)$. for that document (instance) at the beginning of the
+document. This enables~$B$ to use an \SGML parser to check the
+validity of the document he received. However, there is nothing more~$B$
+can do with the document: the \dtd{} $D(A)$ contains no information about the
+meaning of the coding scheme that $D(A)$ defines, and a mapping of the document
+from $D(A)$ to $D(B)$ is a procedure that cannot be automated. The problem
+becomes even more difficult when a third party, $C$, is introduced, who
+accepts material from both~$A$ and~$B$. How is~$C$ going to
+handle material with two different coding schemes?
+
+This is where we encounter one of the weaknesses of \SGML \textsl{as it is being
+used currently}, namely that it enables every party involved in this process to
+define and use a different \dtd{}.
+
+\section{Scientific publishing}\label{sci-pub}
+
+In the rest of this paper we concentrate on the exchange of information that
+occurs in scientific publishing, in particular on the exchange of papers that
+contain mathematical formulas and are published in research journals. Recent
+developments in this area formed the main reason for writing this paper. A few
+standards for encoding of mathematical formulas have already emerged, of which a
+well-known one is the \acro{AAP} Standard or Electronic Manuscript Standard
+\cite{two}. A \dtd{} for mathematical formulas accompanies this
+standard, but it is not part of it. Another standard for mathematical
+formulas is the one adopted by CALS \cite{three}, and others are
+under development \cite{four},
+\cite{five}.
+
+The handling of mathematical formulas in scientific publishing is part of the
+bigger whole of information exchange within a (the) scientific community, with
+the publisher as intermediary, as is shown below:
+
+\begin{picture}(100,80)(-70,0)
+
+\put(40,50){\oval(80,40)}
+\put(30,60){$C$}
+
+\put(59,50){\oval(20,10)}
+\put(55,46){$P$}
+\put(65,50){\vector(-1,-2){20}}
+
+\put(40,10){\oval(20,10)}
+\put(36,6){$G$}
+
+\put(34,10){\vector(-1,2){20}}
+
+
+\end{picture}
+
+\noindent The authors of research
+papers are the providers, $P$. The publishers are the gatherers of information,
+$G$. They accept information from many providers, gather this in the form of a
+journal issue, and distribute this. In this process, the publisher provides a
+quality check via the system of peer reviewing, makes notation consistent, and
+in some cases improves the prose. The information is distributed to a group of
+consumers, $C$, with the set~$C$ a superset of the set~$P$. In this process, two
+sorts of information can be exchanged:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item material that is structured in the sense
+of being encoded according to, and checked against, some formal structural
+specification such as a \dtd{};
+\item material that is not structured.
+\end{itemize}
+At present most of the material exchanged in the process of scientific
+publishing is of the unstructured type. We expect that this will remain the
+situation in the near future. As soon as authors get the possibility of using
+more sophisticated tools, we expect that publishers will receive increasing
+numbers of papers of the structured type.
+
+Several scientific publishers, among whom Elsevier Science Publishers, have
+adopted \SGML as the future main tool for the process of publishing scientific
+articles \cite{six}, and several other publishers have made, or are
+expected to make, the same choice. The European Laboratory for
+Particle Physics (\acro{CERN}), a large community of information providers,
+are using \SGML to automate the loading of bibliographic information
+in their library's database \cite{seven}. For both authors and
+publishers it would be advantageous to agree on one \dtd{} for the
+encoding of research papers. There are several reasons for this:
+ \begin{itemize}
+\item Most authors do not submit all their articles to one and the same
+publisher every time me. At present they are confronted with `Instructions to
+Authors' that differ significantly from publisher to publisher.
+\item A recent trend is that authors prepare their papers with text-processing
+software on some computer. This enables them to send the paper in electronic
+form (electronic manuscript or `compuscript') to the publisher. Publishers are
+confronted with a variety of text-processing software on a variety of computer
+systems \cite{eight}, \cite{nine}. Moreover, every field of science
+appears to have its own `Top Ten' of most used text processing
+packages.
+\item Bibliographic information about all research papers in all (or most)
+scientific journals is stored in bibliographic databases.
+In an ideal world, authors would still be able to use their favourite text-processing system, which would
+generate \SGML `behind the screens', so to speak. All publishers would
+accept one standard \dtd{}, and all text-processing systems would be
+able to generate documents prepared according to this \dtd{}, and all
+bibliographic databases would be able to store this material.
+\end{itemize}
+
+An example of activities towards achieving this ideal situation: the European
+Working Group on \SGML (\acro{EWS}) and the European Physical Society (\acro{EPS}) have taken
+the Electronic Manuscript Standard and are trying to develop it into a complete
+\dtd{}, which should be acceptable to information providers, information gatherers
+and information consumers. The Electronic Manuscript Standard is now a Draft
+International Standard, \ISO/\acro{DIS} 12083. The \acro{EWS} and \acro{EPS} hope that the final
+standard will include their work.
+
+\section{Encoding of mathematical formulas}
+
+In Annex A of \ISO~8879~\cite{ten} we find the following:
+ \begin{quotation}
+Generalized markup is based on two novel postulates:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Markup should describe a document's structure and other
+attributes rather than specify processing to be performed on it, as descriptive
+markup need be done only once and will suffice for all future processing.
+\item Markup should be rigorous so that the techniques available for
+processing rigorously defined objects like programs and databases can be used
+for processing documents as well.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{quotation}
+
+There is no reason why this should not be
+valid for mathematical formulas. We need to delimit the kind of mathematical
+formulas we are trying to describe if we want an unambiguous structure. The
+field of mathematics is so vast, that it may be impossible to design a single
+\dtd{} that covers every kind of mathematical formula. If we concentrate on those
+sciences which use mathematics as a tool, for example physics, we see that the
+mathematics used in many physics papers can be described as ``advanced
+calculus'' This definition can be made more precise by referring to some standard
+textbooks containing these types of formulas, e.g.\ \textsl{Handbook of
+Mathematical Functions} \cite{eleven} and the \textsl{Table of
+integrals, series and products} \cite{twelve}.
+
+If we aim for rigorous encoding of mathematical formulas (the second postulate), we must develop a
+system of descriptive markup of mathematical formulas that enables us to:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item convert the formulas between different word processors;
+\item store the formulas in and extract them from a database;
+\item allow programs to input or output formulas in descriptive markup.
+\end{itemize}
+An example of the first application would be the conversion of mathematical
+formulas coded in \LaTeX\ to, say, Word\footnote{Word is a registered
+trademark of MicroSoft.} via \SGML. The benefits of using \SGML as an intermediate
+language for conversion are described in \cite{thirteen}. Note,
+for example, that the number of programs required for pairwise
+conversion between~$n$ languages is proportional to $n^2-n$ without
+an intermediate language, but to
+$2n$ with an intermediate language.
+
+An example of the second application would be encoding and storing the complete
+contents of the above mentioned \textsl{Handbook of Mathematical Functions}
+\cite{eleven} and \textsl{Table of integrals, series and products}
+\cite{twelve} in a database, so that this information can be accessed
+on-line by, say, mathematicians and physicists. Many articles have
+mathematical formulas in their titles, so any program that extracts
+bibliographic data should be able to handle mathematics as well.
+
+An example of the third application would be the extraction and subsequent use
+in a computer program, written in an ordinary programming language or, for
+example, in Mathematica.\footnote{Mathematica is a registered trademark of
+Wolfram Research.}
+
+At this point we come back to the ideal world for scientific publishing we
+sketched earlier. In this world, publishers would use one standard \dtd{} for
+scientific papers, which enables them to prepare a primary publication -- in
+paper and (or) in some electronic form - and to store the information in
+databases for various secondary purposes.
+
+The question now is: what should a \dtd{} for mathematical formulas look like, if
+it is going to be used for these purposes?
+
+There are two choices for a \dtd{} for mathematics:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item P-type: the \dtd{} reflects the Presentation or visual structure; examples
+of this type are discussed in the appendices.
+\item S-type: the \dtd{} reflects the Semantics or logical structure; at present no
+\dtd{}s of this type exist.
+\end{itemize}
+The quotation from Annex~A of \ISO~8879 \cite{ten} indicates
+the preference of the creator(s) of \SGML: markup of a formula should be of
+S-type, it should describe the logical structure of the formula, rather than
+the way it is represented on a certain medium, say the page of a traditional
+(non-electronic) book.
+
+Let us suppose, for the sake of the argument, that an information gatherer, a
+publisher, chooses a \dtd{} of S-type. This raises two further questions:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Is descriptive markup of mathematical material possible?
+\item If it is possible, who can use it and for which purposes?
+\end{enumerate}
+The second question needs some explanation. As discussed in section
+\ref{sci-pub}, in the process of scientific publishing two sorts of
+information can be exchanged. mathematical material that is structured
+according to a formal structural specification, and material that is not
+structured. This means that there are two possible scenarios.
+
+Scenario 1: an author submits a paper in the form of a manuscript
+(paper), i.e.\ with unstructured formulas, or a compuscript with
+mathematical formulas in P-type notation (\TeX, WordPerfect, \dots).
+
+Scenario 2: an author submits a paper with mathematical formulas in S-type
+notation. In scenario 1 it is the task of the publisher to convert from paper
+or P-type notation to S-type notation. Before we discuss the feasibility of
+this conversion, we will first look at some characteristics of mathematical
+notation.
+
+\subsection{Characteristics of mathematical notation}\label{character}
+
+Mathematical notation is designed to create the correct ideas in the mind of
+the reader. It is \textsl{deliberately} ambiguous and incomplete: indeed, it is
+almost meaningless to all other readers. Or, more technically: the intrinsic
+information content of any mathematical formula is very low. A formula gets its
+meaning, i.e. its information content, only when used to communicate between
+two minds which share a large collection of concepts and assumptions, together
+with an agreed language for communicating the associated ideas.
+
+The ambiguity encountered in mathematical notation can be of two types
+\cite{fourteen}
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item A generic notation uses the same symbols to
+represent similar but different functions, for example `$+$' or `$\times$'. In
+the case of addition this is not really a problem, but multiplication is a
+problem since, multiplication of numbers is commutative, whereas matrix
+multiplication is non-commutative!
+\item A more fundamental ambiguity is posed
+by the same notation being used in different fields in different ways. For
+example: $f'$ stands for the first derivative of~$f$ in calculus, but can mean
+`any other entity different from $f$' in other areas.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+More examples of ambiguity are:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Does~$\bar x$ represent a mean, a conjugation or a negation?
+\item Is~$i$ an integer variable, e.g.\ the index of a matrix, or is it
+$\sqrt{-1}$?
+\item The other way around: is $\sqrt{-1}$ denoted by~$i$ or
+by~$j$?\footnote{There are examples of authors actually writing something like
+$[L_i,L_j] =\frac{i}{2}L_k$, where the first~$i$ is an
+index, and the second~$i$ stands for~$\sqrt{-1}$.}
+
+\item What is the function of the~2 in $\textrm{SU}_2$ $\log_2x$, $x^2$,
+$T_2^2$?\footnote{In $\textrm{SU}_2$ it is the number of dimensions of the Lie
+group; in $\log_2x$ it is the base of the logarithm; if~$x$ is a vector, the~${}_2$
+in~$x_2$ is an index: the~${}^2$ in~$x^2$ could be a power, but if~$T$ is
+a tensor, the~${}^2$ in~$T^2_2$ is a contrainvariant tensor index.}
+\item Is $|X|$ the absolute value of a real (complex) number~$X$
+or the polyhedron of a simplicial complex~$X$ \cite{fifteen}?
+\end{itemize}
+The inverse problem, which is equally common, arises when different typographical
+constructs have the same mathematical meaning. For example, the meanings of
+both the following two lines would be coded identically
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+3 &+& 4 (\mod 5)\\
+3 &+_5& 4
+\end{eqnarray*}
+and this would lead to great difficulty if an author wanted to write:
+\begin{quote}
+We shall often write, for example, $3 + 4 (\mod 5)$ in the shorter form $3 +_5
+4$, or even as simply $3+4$ when this will not lead to confusion.
+\end{quote}
+
+
+Of course, natural languages are similarly ambiguous and incomplete, but no one
+we know is suggesting that in an \SGML document each word should be coded such
+that it reflects the full dictionary definition of the meaning which that
+particular use of the word is intended to have!
+
+\subsection{Who performs the markup of math?}
+How does one convert P-type mathematical material, which an author has
+produced, to S-type notation, which the publisher uses?
+In \cite{one}, (p.9) Goldfarb gives a three-step model for document
+processing:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item recognition of part of a document (adding a generic identifier
+for the appropriate element);\label{first}
+\item mapping (associating a processing function
+with each element);\label{second}
+\item processing (e.g.\ translating elements into word
+processor commands).\label{third}
+\end{enumerate}
+ In the publishing of scientific papers and books steps~\ref{second}
+and~\ref{third} are the responsibility of the publisher.
+Traditionally, step~\ref{first} was also their responsibility: the
+technical editor adds markup signs in the margin of the manuscript,
+depending on the text and the visual representation that the house
+style dictates. It is, however, unlikely that a technical editor is
+capable of identifying the precise function of every part of a
+mathematical formula, for several reasons, most of which were
+discussed in the previous subsection, namely that mathematical
+notation:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item is not unambiguous,
+\item is not completely standardized,
+\item is not a closed system.
+\end{itemize}
+ Even if the technical editor were capable of identifying every
+part of a formula, this would be too time- consuming -- and therefore too costly.
+However, under certain conditions \cite{sixteen}, automatic
+translation from visual structure to logical structure of
+mathematical material is simplified greatly.
+
+This, and what we discussed in section~\ref{character}, leads us to
+conclude the following. A publisher has no choice but to use a
+P-type \dtd{} for mathematical material that is submitted in
+unstructured form or in P-type notation. Even if S-type markup of a
+mathematical formula would be possible, conversion from P-type to
+S-type would be difficult or even impossible. Conclusion: the tags
+for S-type markup should not be added by the information gatherer,
+but by the information providers, i.e. the authors, who should be
+able to identify each part of their formulas.
+
+\subsection{Feasibility of S-type notation}
+ In our second scenario, authors
+would submit papers with mathematical formulas in S-type notation. This would
+enable the publisher to `down translate'\footnote{`Down' because information is
+lost in the process; we borrowed the terminology of translating `up' and
+`down' from Exoterica OmniMark.} to any mathematics typesetting language
+(P-type notation). However, the same reasoning as in section 3.1 leads us to
+the following conjecture:
+
+Conjecture. It is impossible to create an S-type \dtd{} for all of mathematics.
+
+Representing the ``full meaning'' of a mathematical formula, if such a notion
+exists, will almost certainly lead to attempts to pack more and more
+unnecessary information into the representation until it becomes useless for
+any purpose. This is rather like Russell and Whitehead reducing ``simple
+arithmetic'' to logic and taking several pages of symbols to represent the
+``true meaning of $2+2=4$''.
+
+Even if it were possible to define an S-type \dtd{} for a certain
+branch of mathematics, this still gives problems. Supposing an
+S-type \dtd{} contains an element for a ``derivative'' of a function.
+Since the S-type \dtd{} will not contain any presentational attributes,
+a decision will have to be made to represent the derivative of
+$f(x)$ on paper as $f'(x)$ or $\frac{\text{\fontfamily{cmr}\selectfont
+ d}f(x)}{\text{\fontfamily{cmr}\selectfont d}x}$.
+There are, however, times (such as in this article) that both
+representations are required for the same semantic object, and that
+the author will need other notation in addition to that defined by
+the S-type \dtd{}.
+
+A likely reason for the belief that an S-type \dtd{} is possible, is
+that many people in the worlds of document processing or computer
+science are convinced that each symbol has at most a few possible
+uses and that mathematical notation is as straightforward to analyse
+as, for example, a piece of code for a somewhat complicated
+programming language. The reality is that mathematical notation is
+more akin to natural language: it is ambiguous and incomplete, as we
+pointed out earlier.
+
+\subsection{Some problems with existing languages}
+To show that it is not obvious to capture mathematical syntax in a
+\dtd{}, let alone its semantics, consider the example of a limit
+\[
+\lim_{x\to a}f(x)
+\]
+The syntactic structure of a limit is:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The limit operator
+\item The part containing the variable and its limit value
+\item The expression of which the limit is to be taken
+\end{itemize}
+The first part could:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item always be ``lim'', in which case it is just a part of the
+presentation of the formula and it should be left out.
+\item be one of a finite list of alternatives, indicating the type
+of limit($\liminf$, $\sup$, $\max$, etc.). In this case it should be
+an attribute.
+\item be any expression.
+\item be any text.
+\end{itemize}
+We think the second possibility comes closest to the syntax of the
+limit construct. Th second and third parts can be any mathematical
+expression.
+
+Now let's look at the way this formula is coded with the \dtd{}s from
+\ISO \acro{TR}~9573, \acro{AAP} math and Euromath respectively. Using the
+mathematics \dtd{} from \ISO \acro{TR}~9573 there are three possibilities:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \verb|lim <sub pos=mid> x &rarr; a </sub> f(x)|
+\item \verb|<plex><operator>lim</operator><from>x &darr;|
+\verb|a</from> <of>f(x)</of></plex>|
+\item \verb|<mfn name=lim><sub pos=mid>x &rarr;|\\
+\verb|a</ll><opd>f(x)</opd></lim>|
+\end{itemize}
+whereas with the Euromath \dtd{} we would have:
+\begin{verbatim}
+<lim.cst><l.part.c limitop=lim><range>
+<relation>x\&rarr; a </relation></range>
+</l.part.c><r.part.c><textual>f(x)</textual>
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+We see that the \acro{AAP} and Euromath expressions are closest to the limit syntax.
+The best solution from \ISO \acro{TR}~9573 involves a more general ``plex''
+construct, which can be used for integrals, sums, products, set
+unions, limits and others. When the plex construct contains the
+actual lower and upper bounds it may even give semantic
+information.
+
+Some mathematicians, however, are not satisfied with
+this solution \cite{seventeen}. The plex operation is probably a
+notation for an iterated application of a binary operation (e.g.\
+sums and products), while limits are of a different nature. In many
+cases only the from part will be used, and there the whole range of
+the bound variable will be indicated, as an interval or a more
+general set. How does one go about extracting the bound variable?
+
+This supports our conjecture from the previous section, namely that it is very
+hard to capture the semantics for all mathematics. it also suggests that some
+redundancy is required to select whichever notation is most appropriate in a
+certain context.
+
+\section{Re-using mathematical formulas}
+ There are two important uses for a
+generically coded mathematical formula. The first one is in a mathematical
+manipulation -- or computer algebra -- system (\acro{MMS}), such as Mathematica
+\cite{eighteen} or Maple \cite{nineteen}. Computer programs for the
+numerical evaluation of formulas, for example written in
+\textsc{Fortran} or Modula-2, can also be regarded as mathematical
+manipulation programs.
+
+The second form of re-usage is in a mathematical typesetting system, for
+formatting the formula on paper or on screen; examples of this are \TeX\
+\cite{twenty} and eqn/troff \cite{twentyone}, \cite{twentytwo}.
+
+For computer algebra systems the notation for the formula should be such that a
+particular type of manipulation on a particular system is possible, given a
+`background' of concepts and assumptions that enables the system to interpret
+the input as a mathematical statement.
+
+The coding of a formula that is adequate for document formatting, for example the
+\TeX\ notation \verb|f^{(2)}(x)|, is very unlikely to contain much of the
+information required for a manipulation system to make use of it. However, for
+a limited held of discourse it is feasible to use the same coding for both types
+of system \cite{sixteen}.
+
+Some examples: the square of $\sin x$ is typographically represented as
+$\sin^2x$, but a system like Mathematics or Maple would probably prefer
+something like $(\sin x)^2$ as input. Typesetting the inverse of $\sin x$ as
+$\sin^{-1}x$, however, could be confusing: does it mean $1/(\sin x)$ or $\arcsin
+x$?
+
+An \acro{MMS} would probably require the second derivative of a function~$f$ with
+respect to its argument~$x$ to be coded as $(D,x)((D,x)f(x)))$ but
+on paper this would be represented as $f''(x)$, or $f^{(2)}(x)$, or
+$\frac{\displaystyle\text{\fontfamily{cmr}\selectfont d}^2f(x)}%
+ {\displaystyle\text{\fontfamily{cmr}\selectfont d}x^2}$.
+
+On the output side of a \acro{MMS} there are other problems since some of the coding
+necessary for typographically acceptable output cannot be automatically derived
+by the system from the coding used by the \acro{MMS}.
+
+The Euromath view \cite{seventeen} is that a common interface should
+be designed together with the manufacturer of a \acro{MMS}. Perhaps an
+\acro{MMS}-type \dtd{} will be required.
+
+\section{Related problems}
+Another problem is, of course, that mathematics is by its nature extensible, so
+there will always be new types of manipulations to be done. Notations are
+changed or new notations are invented almost every day, figuratively speaking.
+Normally these new subjects will use existing typographic representations, but
+the computer algebra system will not know what formatting to use! Occasionally
+a new typographic convention will be needed. And although there is agreement
+on the notation for most mathematical concepts, authors of books on mathematics
+tend to introduce alternative notations, for instance when they feel this is
+necessary for didactic reasons. Mathematical notation is not standardized, and
+it is open -- anyone can use it, and add to it, in any way they wish.
+
+If we consider a given \dtd{} at any time, we have to ask ourselves: can an author
+add elements when the need for this arises? Theoretically the answer is `Yes,
+he can' \cite{twentythree}, (p.71), although it is not
+straightforward to include the new elements in the content models of
+existing elements.
+
+Are such modification by the author desirable? A \dtd{} which is locally modified by
+an author will quickly give rise to the situation described in the introduction
+to this paper, and this should therefore probably be discouraged. Others,
+however, have also noticed a need for private elements, as described in \acro{EPSIG}
+News 3, no.~4; one of the challenging aspects of using \SGML being encountered by
+the Text Encoding Initiative is that the guidelines
+need to be extensible by researchers. They need to be able to extend
+the \dtd{} in a disciplined way.
+
+This problem, however, may not be a serious one. The collection of style
+elements is almost a closed set, since the number of fonts, symbols and ways
+to combine them is limited. In fact, most notation is not syntactically new,
+since the limited number of constructs works well as a notation. The multitude
+of notations is obtained by combinations of fonts, symbols and positions (left
+or right subscript, left or right superscript, atop, below, \dots), and by
+giving one notation more than one meaning. This again seems to support our view
+that only a P-type \dtd{} can be constructed for \emph{all} of mathematics.
+
+An \SGML \dtd{}, of whatever type, also doesn't solve the problems of new atomic or
+composite symbols, which occur frequently in mathematics. As with new elements,
+an author can add entities for these new symbols. There is no method to add the
+name of a new symbol, whether atomic or composite, to an existing set of entity
+definitions for symbols, other than to contact the owner of the set and wait for
+an update.
+
+Although there is now a standard method to describe that symbol's glyph
+(shape) \cite{twentyfive}, it is not practical for an author to
+include it. A compromise solution seems to be to extend an existing
+set, such as the one from \ISO \cite{twentysix}, as much as
+possible, and try to standardize its use.
+
+\section{Conclusions}
+We have argued as follows:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item That a logical \dtd{} in the sense of describing the structure of
+the mathematical meaning is as impossible for maths as it is for natural
+language, and also it is useless for formatting since the same mathematical
+structure can be visually represented in many different ways. The correct one
+for any given occurrence of that structure cannot be determined automatically,
+but must be specified by the author.
+\item That what needs to be encoded for formatting purposes, is information that
+enables a particular set of detailed rules for maths typesetting to be applied.
+This could he described as a `generic-visual encoding' or `encoding the logic
+of the visual structure'. To establish exactly what these code?, should
+be will require an expert analysis (probably involving expertise from
+mathematicians, particularly editors, and from typographers aware of the
+traditions of mathematical typesetting).
+\item That this is different to what
+needs to be encoded for use in mathematical manipulation software. Since neither
+of these encodings can be deduced automatically from the other, a useful
+database will need to store both. Perhaps a separate \dtd{} will be required to
+enable this communication.
+\end{itemize}
+Possible solutions are
+\begin{itemize}
+\item A \dtd{} based on a hybrid of visual structure and logical structure
+\item Two \dtd{}s, one for visual structure and one for logical structure, that
+are linked in some fashion
+\item Two concurrent \dtd{}s, one for visual structure and one for logical
+structure.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The simplest solution is probably to have a basic visual structure which is
+ described as an \SGML entity, supplemented with a (redundant) logical
+structure, described by a second \SGML entity. This solution avoids any special
+\SGML features and gives the user all flexibility for mixing and matching as
+required. We believe that similar reasoning can be applied to tables and
+chemical formulas, where the problem of separation form from content is just as
+complex, or even more.
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{10}
+
+\bibitem{one}
+Charles Goldfarb.
+\newblock {\em The {\SGML} Handbook}.
+\newblock Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990.
+
+\bibitem{two}
+Standard for electronic manuscript preparation and markup version 2.0.
+\newblock Technical Report Z39.59-1988, {\acro{ANSI}/\acro{NISO}}, 1987.
+
+\bibitem{three}
+Techniques for using {\SGML}.
+\newblock Technical Report 9573, {\ISO}, 1988.
+
+\bibitem{four}
+American~Chemical Society.
+\newblock {\acro{ACS}} journal \dtd{}.
+
+\bibitem{five}
+Bj{\"{o}}rn von Sydow.
+\newblock On the \texttt{math} type in {E}uromath.
+
+\bibitem{six}
+N.~A. F.~M. Poppelier.
+\newblock {\SGML} and {\TeX} in scientific publishing.
+\newblock {\em \TUB}, 12:105--109, 1991.
+
+\bibitem{seven}
+E.~van Herwijnen, N.~A. F.~M. Poppelier, and J.C. Sens.
+\newblock Using the electronic manuscript standard for document conversion.
+\newblock {\em EPSIG News}, 1(14), 1992.
+
+\bibitem{eight}
+E.~van Herwijnen.
+\newblock The use of text interchange standards for submitting physics articles
+ to journals.
+\newblock {\em Comp. Phys. Comm.}, 57:244--250, 1989.
+
+\bibitem{nine}
+E.~van Herwijnen and J.C. Sens.
+\newblock Streamlining publishing procedures.
+\newblock {\em Europhysics News}, pages 171--174, November 1989.
+
+\bibitem{ten}
+Standard generalized markup language ({\SGML}).
+\newblock Technical Report 8879, {\ISO}, l986.
+
+\bibitem{eleven}
+M.~Abramovitz and I.~Stegun.
+\newblock {\em Handbook of mathematical functions}.
+\newblock Dover, New York, 1972.
+
+\bibitem{twelve}
+I.S. Gradshteyn and I.M. Ryzhik.
+\newblock {\em Tables of integrals, series, and products}.
+\newblock Academic Press, New York, 1980.
+
+\bibitem{thirteen}
+S.A. Mamrak, C.S. O'Connell, and J.~Barnes.
+\newblock Technical documentation for the integrated chameleon architecture.
+\newblock Technical report, March 1992.
+
+\bibitem{fourteen}
+Neil~M. Soiffer.
+\newblock {\em The design of a user interface for computer algebra systems}.
+\newblock PhD thesis, Computer Science Division ({\acro{EECS}}), University of
+ California, Berkeley, 1991.
+\newblock Report {\acro{UCB}/\acro{USD}} 91/626.
+
+\bibitem{fifteen}
+M.~Nakahara.
+\newblock {\em Geometry, Topology and Physics}.
+\newblock Adam Hilger, Bristol, 1990.
+
+\bibitem{sixteen}
+Dennis~S. Arnon and Sandra~A. Mamra.
+\newblock On the logical structure of mathematical notation.
+\newblock {\em \TUB}, 12:479--484, 1991.
+
+\bibitem{seventeen}
+Bj{\"{o}}rn von Sydow.
+\newblock private communication to EvH.
+
+\bibitem{eighteen}
+Stephen Wolfram.
+\newblock {\em Mathematica: a system for doing mathematics by computer}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1991.
+
+\bibitem{nineteen}
+Bruce~W. Char, Keith~O. Geddes, Gaston~H. Gonnet, and Stephen~M. Watt.
+\newblock {\em Maple User's Guide}.
+\newblock \acro{WATCOM} Publications Ltd., Waterloo, 1985.
+
+\bibitem{twenty}
+Donald~E. Knuth.
+\newblock {\em The {\TeX}book}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1984.
+
+\bibitem{twentyone}
+Joseph~E Osanna.
+\newblock Nroff/troff.
+\newblock In {\em {UNIX} Programmer's Manual (2b)}. Bell Laboratories, 1978.
+
+\bibitem{twentytwo}
+Brian~W. Kernighan and Linda Cherry.
+\newblock Typesetting mathematics.
+\newblock In {\em {UNIX} Programmer's Manual (2b)}. Bell Laboratories, 1978.
+
+\bibitem{twentythree}
+E.~van Herwijnen.
+\newblock {\em Practical {\SGML}}.
+\newblock Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990.
+
+\bibitem{twentyfive}
+Font information interchange.
+\newblock Technical Report 9541, \ISO, 1991.
+
+\bibitem{twentysix}
+Information processing -- {\SGML} support facilities -- techniques for using
+ {\SGML} -- part 13.
+\newblock Technical Report 9573, \ISO, 1991.
+\newblock Proposed Draft Technical Report.
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+%\begin{tabular}{ll}
+%N. A. F. M. Poppelier& E. van Herwijnen, \\
+%Elsevier Science Publishers,&CERN,\\
+%P.O. Box 2400,&1211-CH,\\
+%1000 CK Amsterdam,&Geneva 23,\\
+%the Netherlands&Switzerland\\
+%\texttt{n.poppelier@elsevier.nl}&%???
+%\end{tabular}
+
+%\noindent\qquad and\\
+%\begin{tabular}{l}
+%C.A. Rowley\\\texttt{C.A.Rowley@open.ac.uk}
+%\end{tabular}
+
+\end{Article}
+
+\endinput
+\section{References}
+
+
+
+\end{Article}
+\endinput
+
+
+A Existing mathematical notations
+
+A.1 Comparison of existing \dtd{}s
+
+In making comparisons between existing \dtd{}s we shall refer often to what is probably the best-known
+system for coding mathematical notation in documents. This is the version of TEX coding used in
+LaTeX 127] (which differs little from Knuth's Plain T~ notation described in [201), now a de facto
+standard in many areas. It is a mixture of visual and logical tagging, with a bias towards the visual
+which probably results from reasoning similar to that in this paper.
+
+The following document type definitions for mathematical formulas were investigated for this paper:
+AAP 128], ISO [29] and Euromath [51.
+
+We will try to give a few general characteristics of each of them:
+
+AAP This \dtd{} shows a hybrid of visual and logical tagging. It is quite similar to the mathematical
+notation of TEX 120].
+Integrals, sums and similar constructions have sub-elements tagged explicitly as lower limit, upper limit
+and integrand (summand,...).
+
+The same goes for fractions, roots, and limit-like constructions.
+
+All rectangular schemes of mathematical expressions, e.g.\ matrices and determinants, are tagged as
+'array in this \dtd{}. The delimiters are not part of the construction, although matrices are usually indicated
+by ( ) or as C ], and determinants as I ( Alignment of rows, columns and cells is indicated by attributes,
+even though they have nothing to do with function, but are in fact processing information. This idea
+also appears in the array notation of LaTeX~[27].
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.cfg b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82322106ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+\def\filedate{1996/11/24}
+\def\filedate{1996/11/28 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/03 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/06 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/07a FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/10 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/15 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/13 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/26 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1997/01/02 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1997/01/07 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1997/01/11 FMi}
+\ProvidesFile{fancyvrb.rc}[\filedate\space fancyvrb customization
+ by Sebastian Rahtz and Frank Mittelbach for LaTeX Graphics Companion]
+% Define verbatim and example environments:
+% Verbatim - indented like quote environment, \small font.
+% nVerbatim - Like "Verbatim", but numbered.
+% example - code and output, side by side
+% example* - one above other
+% Example - Rendered as PS, like original, side by side
+% Example* - Rendered as PS, one above other
+% MPExample - Metapost example, side by side
+% MPExample* - Metapost example, one above another
+% MPEscape - Metapost exaple, just PS
+% InlineEscape - for use inline
+% Escape - Rendered as PS, with *no* verbatim text
+% The example environments have the following step in common:
+% 1. Save example verbatim to numbered example file
+% 2. Input file verbatim or EPS file
+% 3. Input again
+% All of them save their text as files in the \EX@dir directory
+% (this needs a trailing / as part of the definition)
+%
+
+% bug fix for fancyvrb: missing percent sign results in issued \par!
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\^^M=\active
+ \gdef\FV@BeginScanning#1^^M{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}\ifx\@tempa\@empty\else\FV@BadBeginError\fi% <------
+ \FV@GetLine}%
+\endgroup
+
+
+
+\RequirePackage{ifthen}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{calc}
+\newdimen\ExampleWidth
+\newdimen\CodeWidth
+\@ifundefined{fullwidth}{\let\fullwidth\textwidth}{}
+\setlength\ExampleWidth{.5\fullwidth - 6pt} % 12pt separation
+% variable features
+\def\EX@dir{}
+\def\EX@prefix{}
+\def\EX@class{article}
+\def\PreambleCommands{}
+\def\HiddenPreambleCommands{}
+\def\EscapeParameters{}
+\def\index@vals{} % index entries etc passed on
+
+%
+\@ifundefined{thechapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
+%
+\newcounter{EX@ct}[section]
+\renewcommand\theEX@ct{%
+ \arabic{chapter}-\arabic{section}-\arabic{EX@ct}}
+\newcounter{side@count}
+
+\newcommand\EPSinput[2][]{%
+ \IfFileExists{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2.eps}%
+ {\ifx\\#1\\\else\typeout{Change EPS input to #1}\fi
+ \includegraphics[#1,type=mps]{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2.eps}}%
+ {%
+ \IfFileExists{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2.eps.bb}%
+ {\includegraphics[#1]{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2}}%
+ {\underline{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2}}%
+ }%
+}
+
+\def\IdentifyOddExample#1{}
+\def\IdentifyEvenExample#1{}
+\def\IdentifyExample#1{}
+
+
+
+
+\def\SideBySideEx#1#2{% final picture, verbatim code
+\bgroup\def\baselinestretch{1}%
+\trivlist\item[]%
+ \leavevmode
+ \global\advance\c@side@count\@ne
+ \setlength\CodeWidth{\fullwidth -12pt -\ExampleWidth}%
+ \label{\thechapter:\theside@count}%
+ \index@vals
+ \ifthenelse{\isodd{\pageref{\thechapter:\theside@count}}}{%
+ \IdentifyOddExample{-6pt,0}%
+%%D \typeout{Odd Example <\theEX@ct, \theside@count>
+%%D <code: \the\CodeWidth>+<picture:
+%%D \the\ExampleWidth>/\the\fullwidth}%
+ \makebox[\textwidth][l]{\@@Display{#1}\hspace{12pt}%
+ \@@VDisplay{#2}}%
+ }{%
+%%D \typeout{Even Example <\theEX@ct, \theside@count>
+%%D <code: \the\CodeWidth>+<picture:
+%%D \the\ExampleWidth>/\the\fullwidth}%
+ \makebox[\textwidth][r]{%
+ \@@Display{#1}%
+ \hspace{12pt}%
+ \@@VDisplay{#2}}%
+ \IdentifyEvenExample{6pt,0}%
+ }%
+ \endtrivlist
+ \egroup
+}
+\def\EX@input#1{\input{#1}}
+\newsavebox{\@display}
+
+\def\@@Display#1{%
+ \sbox\@display{%
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{\ExampleWidth}\centering#1\end{minipage}%
+ }\raisebox{\depth}{\usebox{\@display}}%
+}
+
+\def\@@VDisplay#1{%
+ \sbox\@display{%
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{\CodeWidth}%
+ \BVerbatimInput[fontsize=\small]{#1}\end{minipage}}%
+% \raisebox{\depth}{\usebox{\@display}}%
+ \usebox{\@display}%
+}
+
+\def\@@WideDisplay#1{%
+ \sbox\@display{#1}%
+ \setlength\ExampleWidth\columnwidth
+ \global\advance\c@side@count\@ne
+ \label{\thechapter:\theside@count}\nobreak
+ \ifthenelse{\isodd{\pageref{\thechapter:\theside@count}}}{%
+ \IdentifyOddExample{-6pt,0}%
+%%D \typeout{Odd Wide Example <\theEX@ct, \theside@count>
+%%D <picture: \the\wd\@display>/\the\ExampleWidth}%
+ \makebox[\textwidth][l]{\@@Display{#1}}%
+ }{%
+%%D \typeout{Even Wide Example <\theEX@ct, \theside@count>
+%%D <picture: \the\wd\@display>/\the\ExampleWidth}%
+ \makebox[\textwidth][r]{\@@Display{#1}}%
+ \IdentifyEvenExample{6pt,0}%
+ }%
+}
+
+
+
+\def\BeginExample{%
+ \refstepcounter{EX@ct}%
+ \nobreak
+ \VerbatimEnvironment
+ \catcode`\<=12
+ \begin{VerbatimOut}{\EX@dir\EX@prefix\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}%
+}
+
+\newcommand{\EndExample}{\end{VerbatimOut}%
+% after parsing the verb code we have to change some
+% start/stop strings for the secnd parsing phase:
+ \init@post@extension@code\EX@suffix}
+
+
+
+\def\FVE@VerbatimOut{%
+ \Write@Postamble
+ \immediate\closeout\FV@OutFile\endgroup\@esphack}
+
+\def\Write@Ex#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \let\protect\@unexpandable@protect
+ \edef\reserved@a{\immediate\write\FV@OutFile{#1}}
+ \reserved@a
+ \endgroup
+}
+
+\def\Write@OneEx#1{%
+ {\@temptokena\expandafter{#1}%
+ \immediate\write\FV@OutFile{\the\@temptokena}%
+ }%
+}
+
+\def\Write@ExOne#1{%
+ {\@temptokena\expandafter{#1}%
+ \immediate\write\FV@OutFile{\the\@temptokena}%
+ }%
+}
+
+\def\FVB@VerbatimOut#1{%
+ \@bsphack
+ \begingroup
+ \FV@UseKeyValues
+ \FV@DefineWhiteSpace
+ \def\FV@Space{\space}%
+ \FV@DefineTabOut
+ \def\FV@ProcessLine{\immediate\write\FV@OutFile}%
+ \immediate\openout\FV@OutFile #1\relax
+ \Write@Preamble
+ \let\FV@FontScanPrep\relax
+ \FV@Scan}
+
+
+\def\Write@Preamble@LaTeX{%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\documentclass{\EX@class}}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\nonstopmode}%
+% notice that this different command to write the preamble
+% commands means that all verbatim code gets the current
+% preamble commands printed out
+%
+% order is important Hidden ones first to allow setting things up for
+% the other ones! FMi
+%
+ \ifx\HiddenPreambleCommands\@empty\else
+ \Write@OneEx{\HiddenPreambleCommands}%
+ \fi
+ \Write@OneEx{\PreambleCommands}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\pagestyle{empty}}%
+ \Write@Ex{\EX@width@spec}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\begin{document}}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\ResetPreambleCommands}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\ReadyForTheFray}%
+ \Write@ExOne{\PreambleCommands}%
+}
+\def\Write@Preamble@MP{%
+ \Write@OneEx{\PreambleCommands}%
+ \Write@Ex{defaultfont:="ptmr8r";} % force Times for labels
+ \Write@Ex{warningcheck:=0;}% this is to correct a known bug in MP
+ \Write@Ex{beginfig(1)}%
+}
+%
+% allows for numbered verbatim carrying on where the last
+% ended
+%
+\define@key{FV}{firstnumber}[auto]{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}\def\@tempb{auto}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
+ \def\FV@SetLineNo{%
+ \c@FancyVerbLine\FV@CodeLineNo
+ \advance\c@FancyVerbLine\m@ne}%
+ \else
+ \def\@tempb{continue}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
+ \def\FV@SetLineNo{}%
+ \else
+ \def\@tempb{last}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
+ \let\FV@SetLineNo\relax
+ \else
+ \def\FV@SetLineNo{\c@FancyVerbLine#1}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+}
+
+
+% side by side LaTeX from external file
+\newcommand{\Preexample}[1]{%
+ \PrepareExampleWidth
+ \SideBySideEx{\EX@input{\EX@dir#1}}{\EX@dir#1}%
+}
+
+% now the ones which write stuff for an EPS file
+% for side by side examples, the text width of the separate file
+% needs to be specified.
+\def\EX@width@spec{}
+\def\PrepareExampleWidth{%
+ \def\EX@width@spec{\string\setlength\string\textwidth{\the\ExampleWidth}}}
+
+%%% don't think so FMi: \string\addtolength{\string\textwidth}{-6mm}}}
+
+
+%
+% compatibility with Michel, with moreverb, and verbatim package
+%
+\def\SixPt{\fontsize{6}{7\p@}\selectfont}
+%
+% input files verbatim, numbered and unnumbered
+%
+\def\verbfile#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\small,xleftmargin=\parindent]{#1}}
+\let\verbatiminput\verbfile
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\small,firstnumber=#1,%
+ numbers=left]{#2}}
+%
+% verbatim in various sizes; these are all Verbatim, ie flush left,
+% not LVerbatim, which uses a list, and is indented
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}
+ {fontsize=\small,xleftmargin=\parindent}
+%
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{ssverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\scriptsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{tverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\tiny}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}
+ {fontsize=\small}
+% numbered
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{nverbatim}{Verbatim}
+ {fontsize=\small,numbers=left,xleftmargin=\parindent}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{continueverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small,%
+ firstnumber=continue,numbers=left,xleftmargin=\parindent}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Example type definitions
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\newcommand\ExampleType[5]{%
+ \@namedef{#1@init}{%
+ \def\EX@suffix{#1}%
+ \def\Write@Preamble{#2}%
+ \def\Write@Postamble{#3}}%
+ \@namedef{#1@init2}{%
+ \edef\FancyVerbStartString{#4}%
+ \edef\FancyVerbStopString{#5}%
+ }}
+
+
+\ExampleType{ltx}
+ {\Write@Preamble@LaTeX}
+ {\Write@Ex{\string\end{document}}}
+ {\string\ReadyForTheFray}
+ {\string\end{document}}
+
+
+\ExampleType{pic}
+ {\Write@Preamble@LaTeX}
+ {\Write@Ex{\string\usebox\string\graph}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\end{document}}}
+ {\string\ReadyForTheFray}
+ {\string\usebox\string\graph}
+
+
+
+\ExampleType{m4}
+ {\Write@Preamble@LaTeX}
+ {\Write@Ex{\string\end{document}}}
+ {\string\ReadyForTheFray}
+ {\string\end{document}}
+
+
+
+\ExampleType{abc}
+ {\Write@Ex{X:1}%
+ \Write@Ex{T:}}
+ {}
+ {T:}
+ {}
+
+
+%\ExampleType{mpp} {} {} {} {}
+
+\ExampleType{mpp}
+ {\Write@Ex{\string\verb{\string\hsize=\the\ExampleWidth}}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\verb{}}}
+ {} {\string\verb{}} {}
+
+\ExampleType{ptx} % plain TeX source
+ {} {} {} {}
+
+\ExampleType{inl} % inline
+ {\Write@Preamble@LaTeX} {} {} {}
+
+\ExampleType{mp}
+ {\Write@Preamble@MP}
+ {\Write@Ex{endfig;}%
+ \Write@Ex{end;}%
+ }
+ {beginfig(1)}
+ {endfig;}
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\init@extension@code#1#2{%
+ \def\index@vals{#2}%
+ \sbox\@tempboxa{\index@vals}%
+ \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa>0pt\relax\errmessage{index arg problem}\fi
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname #1@init\endcsname\relax
+ \errmessage{Example Type #1 unknown}%
+ \else
+ \csname #1@init\endcsname
+%%D \typeout{Example Type \EX@suffix}%
+ \fi
+}
+
+\def\init@post@extension@code#1{%
+ \csname #1@init2\endcsname
+ \ifx\FancyVerbStartString\@empty
+ \let\FancyVerbStartString\relax \fi
+ \ifx\FancyVerbStopString\@empty
+ \let\FancyVerbStopString\relax \fi
+}
+
+\newcommand\ExtendExampleWidth[1]{%
+ \addtolength\ExampleWidth{24pt*#1}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% side by side generic
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newenvironment{GenExample}[2]
+ {\init@extension@code{#1}{#2}%
+ \PrepareExampleWidth
+ \BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+ \SideBySideEx{\EPSinput{\theEX@ct}}%
+ {\EX@dir\EX@prefix\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}%
+ }
+
+
+% side by side
+\newenvironment{genexample}[2]
+ {\init@extension@code{#1}{#2}%
+% \def\Write@OneEx##1{}%
+ \def\Write@ExOne##1{}%
+ \def\Write@Ex##1{}%
+ \BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+ \let\FancyVerbStartString\relax
+ \let\FancyVerbStopString\relax
+ \SideBySideEx{\EX@input{\EX@dir\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}}%
+ {\EX@dir\EX@prefix\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}}
+
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% on top of each other generic
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+% first verbatimcode, then actual example
+\newenvironment{GenExamplestar}[3][]
+ {\init@extension@code{#2}{#3}%
+ \def\verb@opts{#1}\BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+ \begin{center}
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \index@vals
+ \expandafter\VerbatimInput\expandafter[\verb@opts
+ gobble=0,fontsize=\small]%
+ {\EX@dir\EX@prefix\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}%
+ \EPSinput{\theEX@ct}%
+ \end{center}%
+}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% inline on above the other generic
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+% one above the other
+\newenvironment{genexamplestar}[3][]
+ {\def\Write@Ex##1{}\def\Write@ExOne##1{}%
+ \init@extension@code{#2}{#3}\def\verb@opts{#1}\BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+ \let\FancyVerbStartString\relax
+ \let\FancyVerbStopString\relax
+ \index@vals
+ \expandafter\VerbatimInput\expandafter[\verb@opts
+ gobble=0,fontsize=\small]%
+ {\EX@dir\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}%
+ \begin{center}%
+ \@@WideDisplay{\EX@input{\EX@dir\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}}%
+%
+% the line above replaced the following:
+%
+% \leavevmode\EX@input{\EX@dir\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}\par
+ \end{center}%
+% \IdentifyExample{-2,1}%
+}
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% only results generic
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+% no verbatim text at all, just to run the thing separately
+
+\newenvironment{GenEscape}[2]
+ {\init@extension@code{#1}{#2}\BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+%
+% that will probably *not* work, but the alternative isn't better either
+%
+ \IdentifyOddExample{-6pt,0}%
+%
+% \par\noindent % i fear that is necessary
+% \@@WideDisplay{%
+ \index@vals
+ \expandafter\EPSinput\expandafter
+ [\EscapeParameters]{\theEX@ct}%
+% }%
+ }
+
+\newenvironment{InlineEscape}{\ERRORreplaceInlineEscape
+ \GenEscape{ltx}{}}{\endGenEscape}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% special environments
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\newenvironment{example}[1] {\genexample{inl}{#1}} {\endgenexample}
+
+\newenvironment{example*}[1] {\genexamplestar{inl}{#1}} {\endgenexamplestar}
+
+\newenvironment{numexample*}[1]{%
+ \genexamplestar[numbers=left,xleftmargin=18pt,]{inl}{#1}}
+ {\endgenexamplestar}
+
+\newenvironment{Escape}[1] {\GenEscape{ltx}{#1}} {\endGenEscape}
+\newenvironment{MPEscape}[1] {\GenEscape{mp}{#1}} {\endGenEscape}
+
+\newenvironment{Example}[1] {\GenExample{ltx}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+\newenvironment{ABCExample}[1]{\GenExample{abc}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+\newenvironment{MPExample}[1]{\GenExample{mp}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+
+\newenvironment{MPPExample}[1]{\GenExample{mpp}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+
+
+\newenvironment{NExample}[1] {\GenExample%
+ [firstnumber=0,numbers=left,xleftmargin=18pt,]{ltx}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+
+\newenvironment{NExample*}[1] {\GenExamplestar%
+ [firstnumber=0,numbers=left,xleftmargin=18pt,]{ltx}{#1}} {\endGenExamplestar}
+
+\newenvironment{Example*}[1] {\GenExamplestar{ltx}{#1}}{\endGenExamplestar}
+\newenvironment{MPExample*}[1]{\GenExamplestar{mp}{#1}} {\endGenExamplestar}
+\newenvironment{MPExampleSmall*}[1]
+ {\GenExamplestar[fontsize=scriptsize]{mp}{#1}} {\endGenExamplestar}
+
+\newenvironment{MPPExample*}[1]{\setlength\ExampleWidth{\textwidth-2pt}%
+ \GenExamplestar{mpp}{#1}}{\endGenExamplestar}
+
+
+\endinput
+
+
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.rc b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2806e27628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+\def\filedate{1996/11/24}
+\def\filedate{1996/11/28 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/03 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/06 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/07a FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/10 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/15 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/13 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1996/12/26 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1997/01/02 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1997/01/07 FMi}
+\def\filedate{1997/01/11 FMi}
+\ProvidesFile{fancyvrb.rc}[\filedate\space fancyvrb customization
+ by Sebastian Rahtz and Frank Mittelbach for LaTeX Graphics Companion]
+% Define verbatim and example environments:
+% Verbatim - indented like quote environment, \small font.
+% nVerbatim - Like "Verbatim", but numbered.
+% example - code and output, side by side
+% example* - one above other
+% Example - Rendered as PS, like original, side by side
+% Example* - Rendered as PS, one above other
+% MPExample - Metapost example, side by side
+% MPExample* - Metapost example, one above another
+% MPEscape - Metapost exaple, just PS
+% InlineEscape - for use inline
+% Escape - Rendered as PS, with *no* verbatim text
+% The example environments have the following step in common:
+% 1. Save example verbatim to numbered example file
+% 2. Input file verbatim or EPS file
+% 3. Input again
+% All of them save their text as files in the \EX@dir directory
+% (this needs a trailing / as part of the definition)
+%
+
+% bug fix for fancyvrb: missing percent sign results in issued \par!
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\^^M=\active
+ \gdef\FV@BeginScanning#1^^M{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}\ifx\@tempa\@empty\else\FV@BadBeginError\fi% <------
+ \FV@GetLine}%
+\endgroup
+
+
+
+\RequirePackage{ifthen}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{calc}
+\newdimen\ExampleWidth
+\newdimen\CodeWidth
+\@ifundefined{fullwidth}{\let\fullwidth\textwidth}{}
+\setlength\ExampleWidth{.5\fullwidth - 6pt} % 12pt separation
+% variable features
+\def\EX@dir{}
+\def\EX@prefix{}
+\def\EX@class{article}
+\def\PreambleCommands{}
+\def\HiddenPreambleCommands{}
+\def\EscapeParameters{}
+\def\index@vals{} % index entries etc passed on
+
+%
+\@ifundefined{thechapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
+%
+\newcounter{EX@ct}[section]
+\renewcommand\theEX@ct{%
+ \arabic{chapter}-\arabic{section}-\arabic{EX@ct}}
+\newcounter{side@count}
+
+\newcommand\EPSinput[2][]{%
+ \IfFileExists{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2.eps}%
+ {\ifx\\#1\\\else\typeout{Change EPS input to #1}\fi
+ \includegraphics[#1,type=mps]{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2.eps}}%
+ {%
+ \IfFileExists{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2.eps.bb}%
+ {\includegraphics[#1]{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2}}%
+ {\underline{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2}}%
+ }%
+}
+
+% added by Sean K. Harbour
+
+\renewcommand\EPSinput[2][]{%
+ \IfFileExists{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2.eps}%
+ {\ifx\\#1\\\else\typeout{Change EPS input to #1}\fi
+ \includegraphics{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2.eps}}%
+ {%
+ \IfFileExists{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2.eps.bb}%
+ {\includegraphics{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2}}%
+ {\underline{\EX@dir\EX@prefix#2}}%
+ }%
+}
+
+\def\IdentifyOddExample#1{}
+\def\IdentifyEvenExample#1{}
+\def\IdentifyExample#1{}
+
+
+
+
+\def\SideBySideEx#1#2{% final picture, verbatim code
+\bgroup\def\baselinestretch{1}%
+\trivlist\item[]%
+ \leavevmode
+ \global\advance\c@side@count\@ne
+ \setlength\CodeWidth{\fullwidth -12pt -\ExampleWidth}%
+ \label{\thechapter:\theside@count}%
+ \index@vals
+ \ifthenelse{\isodd{\pageref{\thechapter:\theside@count}}}{%
+ \IdentifyOddExample{-6pt,0}%
+%%D \typeout{Odd Example <\theEX@ct, \theside@count>
+%%D <code: \the\CodeWidth>+<picture:
+%%D \the\ExampleWidth>/\the\fullwidth}%
+ \makebox[\textwidth][l]{\@@Display{#1}\hspace{12pt}%
+ \@@VDisplay{#2}}%
+ }{%
+%%D \typeout{Even Example <\theEX@ct, \theside@count>
+%%D <code: \the\CodeWidth>+<picture:
+%%D \the\ExampleWidth>/\the\fullwidth}%
+ \makebox[\textwidth][r]{%
+ \@@Display{#1}%
+ \hspace{12pt}%
+ \@@VDisplay{#2}}%
+ \IdentifyEvenExample{6pt,0}%
+ }%
+ \endtrivlist
+ \egroup
+}
+\def\EX@input#1{\input{#1}}
+\newsavebox{\@display}
+
+\def\@@Display#1{%
+ \sbox\@display{%
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{\ExampleWidth}\centering#1\end{minipage}%
+ }\raisebox{\depth}{\usebox{\@display}}%
+}
+
+\def\@@VDisplay#1{%
+ \sbox\@display{%
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{\CodeWidth}%
+ \BVerbatimInput[fontsize=\small]{#1}\end{minipage}}%
+% \raisebox{\depth}{\usebox{\@display}}%
+ \usebox{\@display}%
+}
+
+\def\@@WideDisplay#1{%
+ \sbox\@display{#1}%
+ \setlength\ExampleWidth\columnwidth
+ \global\advance\c@side@count\@ne
+ \label{\thechapter:\theside@count}\nobreak
+ \ifthenelse{\isodd{\pageref{\thechapter:\theside@count}}}{%
+ \IdentifyOddExample{-6pt,0}%
+%%D \typeout{Odd Wide Example <\theEX@ct, \theside@count>
+%%D <picture: \the\wd\@display>/\the\ExampleWidth}%
+ \makebox[\textwidth][l]{\@@Display{#1}}%
+ }{%
+%%D \typeout{Even Wide Example <\theEX@ct, \theside@count>
+%%D <picture: \the\wd\@display>/\the\ExampleWidth}%
+ \makebox[\textwidth][r]{\@@Display{#1}}%
+ \IdentifyEvenExample{6pt,0}%
+ }%
+}
+
+
+
+\def\BeginExample{%
+ \refstepcounter{EX@ct}%
+ \nobreak
+ \VerbatimEnvironment
+ \catcode`\<=12
+ \begin{VerbatimOut}{\EX@dir\EX@prefix\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}%
+}
+
+\newcommand{\EndExample}{\end{VerbatimOut}%
+% after parsing the verb code we have to change some
+% start/stop strings for the secnd parsing phase:
+ \init@post@extension@code\EX@suffix}
+
+
+
+\def\FVE@VerbatimOut{%
+ \Write@Postamble
+ \immediate\closeout\FV@OutFile\endgroup\@esphack}
+
+\def\Write@Ex#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \let\protect\@unexpandable@protect
+ \edef\reserved@a{\immediate\write\FV@OutFile{#1}}
+ \reserved@a
+ \endgroup
+}
+
+\def\Write@OneEx#1{%
+ {\@temptokena\expandafter{#1}%
+ \immediate\write\FV@OutFile{\the\@temptokena}%
+ }%
+}
+
+\def\Write@ExOne#1{%
+ {\@temptokena\expandafter{#1}%
+ \immediate\write\FV@OutFile{\the\@temptokena}%
+ }%
+}
+
+\def\FVB@VerbatimOut#1{%
+ \@bsphack
+ \begingroup
+ \FV@UseKeyValues
+ \FV@DefineWhiteSpace
+ \def\FV@Space{\space}%
+ \FV@DefineTabOut
+ \def\FV@ProcessLine{\immediate\write\FV@OutFile}%
+ \immediate\openout\FV@OutFile #1\relax
+ \Write@Preamble
+ \let\FV@FontScanPrep\relax
+ \FV@Scan}
+
+
+\def\Write@Preamble@LaTeX{%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\documentclass{\EX@class}}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\nonstopmode}%
+% notice that this different command to write the preamble
+% commands means that all verbatim code gets the current
+% preamble commands printed out
+%
+% order is important Hidden ones first to allow setting things up for
+% the other ones! FMi
+%
+ \ifx\HiddenPreambleCommands\@empty\else
+ \Write@OneEx{\HiddenPreambleCommands}%
+ \fi
+ \Write@OneEx{\PreambleCommands}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\pagestyle{empty}}%
+ \Write@Ex{\EX@width@spec}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\begin{document}}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\ResetPreambleCommands}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\ReadyForTheFray}%
+ \Write@ExOne{\PreambleCommands}%
+}
+\def\Write@Preamble@MP{%
+ \Write@OneEx{\PreambleCommands}%
+ \Write@Ex{defaultfont:="ptmr8r";} % force Times for labels
+ \Write@Ex{warningcheck:=0;}% this is to correct a known bug in MP
+ \Write@Ex{beginfig(1)}%
+}
+%
+% allows for numbered verbatim carrying on where the last
+% ended
+%
+\define@key{FV}{firstnumber}[auto]{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}\def\@tempb{auto}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
+ \def\FV@SetLineNo{%
+ \c@FancyVerbLine\FV@CodeLineNo
+ \advance\c@FancyVerbLine\m@ne}%
+ \else
+ \def\@tempb{continue}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
+ \def\FV@SetLineNo{}%
+ \else
+ \def\@tempb{last}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
+ \let\FV@SetLineNo\relax
+ \else
+ \def\FV@SetLineNo{\c@FancyVerbLine#1}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+}
+
+
+% side by side LaTeX from external file
+\newcommand{\Preexample}[1]{%
+ \PrepareExampleWidth
+ \SideBySideEx{\EX@input{\EX@dir#1}}{\EX@dir#1}%
+}
+
+% now the ones which write stuff for an EPS file
+% for side by side examples, the text width of the separate file
+% needs to be specified.
+\def\EX@width@spec{}
+\def\PrepareExampleWidth{%
+ \def\EX@width@spec{\string\setlength\string\textwidth{\the\ExampleWidth}}}
+
+%%% don't think so FMi: \string\addtolength{\string\textwidth}{-6mm}}}
+
+
+%
+% compatibility with Michel, with moreverb, and verbatim package
+%
+\def\SixPt{\fontsize{6}{7\p@}\selectfont}
+%
+% input files verbatim, numbered and unnumbered
+%
+\def\verbfile#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\small,xleftmargin=\parindent]{#1}}
+\let\verbatiminput\verbfile
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\small,firstnumber=#1,%
+ numbers=left]{#2}}
+%
+% verbatim in various sizes; these are all Verbatim, ie flush left,
+% not LVerbatim, which uses a list, and is indented
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}
+ {fontsize=\small,xleftmargin=\parindent}
+%
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{ssverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\scriptsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{tverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\tiny}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}
+ {fontsize=\small}
+% numbered
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{nverbatim}{Verbatim}
+ {fontsize=\small,numbers=left,xleftmargin=\parindent}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{continueverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small,%
+ firstnumber=continue,numbers=left,xleftmargin=\parindent}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Example type definitions
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\newcommand\ExampleType[5]{%
+ \@namedef{#1@init}{%
+ \def\EX@suffix{#1}%
+ \def\Write@Preamble{#2}%
+ \def\Write@Postamble{#3}}%
+ \@namedef{#1@init2}{%
+ \edef\FancyVerbStartString{#4}%
+ \edef\FancyVerbStopString{#5}%
+ }}
+
+
+\ExampleType{ltx}
+ {\Write@Preamble@LaTeX}
+ {\Write@Ex{\string\end{document}}}
+ {\string\ReadyForTheFray}
+ {\string\end{document}}
+
+
+\ExampleType{pic}
+ {\Write@Preamble@LaTeX}
+ {\Write@Ex{\string\usebox\string\graph}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\end{document}}}
+ {\string\ReadyForTheFray}
+ {\string\usebox\string\graph}
+
+
+
+\ExampleType{m4}
+ {\Write@Preamble@LaTeX}
+ {\Write@Ex{\string\end{document}}}
+ {\string\ReadyForTheFray}
+ {\string\end{document}}
+
+
+
+\ExampleType{abc}
+ {\Write@Ex{X:1}%
+ \Write@Ex{T:}}
+ {}
+ {T:}
+ {}
+
+
+%\ExampleType{mpp} {} {} {} {}
+
+\ExampleType{mpp}
+ {\Write@Ex{\string\verb{\string\hsize=\the\ExampleWidth}}%
+ \Write@Ex{\string\verb{}}}
+ {} {\string\verb{}} {}
+
+\ExampleType{ptx} % plain TeX source
+ {} {} {} {}
+
+\ExampleType{inl} % inline
+ {\Write@Preamble@LaTeX} {} {} {}
+
+\ExampleType{mp}
+ {\Write@Preamble@MP}
+ {\Write@Ex{endfig;}%
+ \Write@Ex{end;}%
+ }
+ {beginfig(1)}
+ {endfig;}
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\init@extension@code#1#2{%
+ \def\index@vals{#2}%
+ \sbox\@tempboxa{\index@vals}%
+ \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa>0pt\relax\errmessage{index arg problem}\fi
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname #1@init\endcsname\relax
+ \errmessage{Example Type #1 unknown}%
+ \else
+ \csname #1@init\endcsname
+%%D \typeout{Example Type \EX@suffix}%
+ \fi
+}
+
+\def\init@post@extension@code#1{%
+ \csname #1@init2\endcsname
+ \ifx\FancyVerbStartString\@empty
+ \let\FancyVerbStartString\relax \fi
+ \ifx\FancyVerbStopString\@empty
+ \let\FancyVerbStopString\relax \fi
+}
+
+\newcommand\ExtendExampleWidth[1]{%
+ \addtolength\ExampleWidth{24pt*#1}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% side by side generic
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newenvironment{GenExample}[2]
+ {\init@extension@code{#1}{#2}%
+ \PrepareExampleWidth
+ \BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+ \SideBySideEx{\EPSinput{\theEX@ct}}%
+ {\EX@dir\EX@prefix\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}%
+ }
+
+
+% side by side
+\newenvironment{genexample}[2]
+ {\init@extension@code{#1}{#2}%
+% \def\Write@OneEx##1{}%
+ \def\Write@ExOne##1{}%
+ \def\Write@Ex##1{}%
+ \BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+ \let\FancyVerbStartString\relax
+ \let\FancyVerbStopString\relax
+ \SideBySideEx{\EX@input{\EX@dir\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}}%
+ {\EX@dir\EX@prefix\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}}
+
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% on top of each other generic
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+% first verbatimcode, then actual example
+\newenvironment{GenExamplestar}[3][]
+ {\init@extension@code{#2}{#3}%
+ \def\verb@opts{#1}\BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+ \begin{center}
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \index@vals
+ \expandafter\VerbatimInput\expandafter[\verb@opts
+ gobble=0,fontsize=\small]%
+ {\EX@dir\EX@prefix\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}%
+ \EPSinput{\theEX@ct}%
+ \end{center}%
+}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% inline on above the other generic
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+% one above the other
+\newenvironment{genexamplestar}[3][]
+ {\def\Write@Ex##1{}\def\Write@ExOne##1{}%
+ \init@extension@code{#2}{#3}\def\verb@opts{#1}\BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+ \let\FancyVerbStartString\relax
+ \let\FancyVerbStopString\relax
+ \index@vals
+ \expandafter\VerbatimInput\expandafter[\verb@opts
+ gobble=0,fontsize=\small]%
+ {\EX@dir\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}%
+ \begin{center}%
+ \@@WideDisplay{\EX@input{\EX@dir\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}}%
+%
+% the line above replaced the following:
+%
+% \leavevmode\EX@input{\EX@dir\theEX@ct.\EX@suffix}\par
+ \end{center}%
+% \IdentifyExample{-2,1}%
+}
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% only results generic
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+% no verbatim text at all, just to run the thing separately
+
+\newenvironment{GenEscape}[2]
+ {\init@extension@code{#1}{#2}\BeginExample}
+ {\EndExample
+%
+% that will probably *not* work, but the alternative isn't better either
+%
+ \IdentifyOddExample{-6pt,0}%
+%
+% \par\noindent % i fear that is necessary
+% \@@WideDisplay{%
+ \index@vals
+ \expandafter\EPSinput\expandafter
+ [\EscapeParameters]{\theEX@ct}%
+% }%
+ }
+
+\newenvironment{InlineEscape}{\ERRORreplaceInlineEscape
+ \GenEscape{ltx}{}}{\endGenEscape}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% special environments
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\newenvironment{example}[1] {\genexample{inl}{#1}} {\endgenexample}
+
+\newenvironment{example*}[1] {\genexamplestar{inl}{#1}} {\endgenexamplestar}
+
+\newenvironment{numexample*}[1]{%
+ \genexamplestar[numbers=left,xleftmargin=18pt,]{inl}{#1}}
+ {\endgenexamplestar}
+
+\newenvironment{Escape}[1] {\GenEscape{ltx}{#1}} {\endGenEscape}
+\newenvironment{MPEscape}[1] {\GenEscape{mp}{#1}} {\endGenEscape}
+
+\newenvironment{Example}[1] {\GenExample{ltx}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+\newenvironment{ABCExample}[1]{\GenExample{abc}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+\newenvironment{MPExample}[1]{\GenExample{mp}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+
+\newenvironment{MPPExample}[1]{\GenExample{mpp}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+
+
+\newenvironment{NExample}[1] {\GenExample%
+ [firstnumber=0,numbers=left,xleftmargin=18pt,]{ltx}{#1}} {\endGenExample}
+
+\newenvironment{NExample*}[1] {\GenExamplestar%
+ [firstnumber=0,numbers=left,xleftmargin=18pt,]{ltx}{#1}} {\endGenExamplestar}
+
+\newenvironment{Example*}[1] {\GenExamplestar{ltx}{#1}}{\endGenExamplestar}
+\newenvironment{MPExample*}[1]{\GenExamplestar{mp}{#1}} {\endGenExamplestar}
+\newenvironment{MPExampleSmall*}[1]
+ {\GenExamplestar[fontsize=scriptsize]{mp}{#1}} {\endGenExamplestar}
+
+\newenvironment{MPPExample*}[1]{\setlength\ExampleWidth{\textwidth-2pt}%
+ \GenExamplestar{mpp}{#1}}{\endGenExamplestar}
+
+
+\endinput
+
+
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.sty b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.sty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cdcafaa666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/fancyvrb.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,1673 @@
+%% BEGIN fancyvrb.sty
+%%
+\def\fileversion{2.0-beta, with DG/SPQR fixes}
+\def\filedate{1996/10/05}
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesPackage{fancyvrb}[\filedate]
+%%
+%% COPYRIGHT 1992-1994, by Timothy Van Zandt, tvz@Princeton.EDU
+%%
+%% DESCRIPTION:
+%% fancyvrb.sty is a LaTeX style option, containing flexible
+%% verbatim environments and commands and extensive documentation.
+%%
+%% This is a companion to fancybox.sty, which is probably available
+%% from whereever you found fancyvrb.sty.
+%%
+%% INSTALLATION:
+%% Put this file where your TeX looks for inputs.
+%%
+%% DOCUMENTATION:
+%% See fancybox.doc, which might be appended to this file.
+%%
+%% COPYING:
+%% Copying of part or all of this file is allowed under the following
+%% conditions only:
+%% (1) You may freely distribute unchanged copies of the file. Please
+%% include the documentation when you do so.
+%% (2) You may modify a renamed copy of the file, but only for personal
+%% use or use within an organization.
+%% (3) You may copy fragments from the file, for personal use or for
+%% distribution, as long as credit is given where credit is due.
+%%
+%% You are NOT ALLOWED to take money for the distribution or use of
+%% this file or modified versions or fragments thereof, except for
+%% a nominal charge for copying etc.
+%%
+%% CODE:
+
+\csname fancyvrb@loaded\endcsname
+\let\fancyvrb@loaded\endinput
+
+\typeout{Style option: `fancyvrb' v\fileversion \space <\filedate> (tvz)}
+
+%% ERRORS:
+
+\def\FV@Error#1#2{%
+ \edef\@tempc{#2}\expandafter\errhelp\expandafter{\@tempc}%
+ \errmessage{FancyVerb Error:^^J\space\space #1^^J}}
+
+\def\FV@eha{Your command was ignored. Type <return> to continue.}
+
+%% VERBATIM FOOTNOTES:
+
+% Color has to be protected.
+% Won't work for some definitions of \@makefntext.
+% If it weren't for \@makefntext, I would do this properly by
+% defining a footnote environment.
+
+\def\VerbatimFootnotes{\let\@footnotetext\V@footnotetext}
+
+\long\def\V@footnotetext{%
+ \afterassignment\V@@footnotetext
+ \let\@tempa}
+\def\V@@footnotetext{%
+ \insert\footins\bgroup
+ \csname reset@font\endcsname
+ \footnotesize
+ \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
+ \splittopskip\footnotesep
+ \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox
+ \floatingpenalty \@MM
+ \hsize\columnwidth
+ \@parboxrestore
+ \edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@footnote\endcsname\@thefnmark}%
+ \@makefntext{}%
+ \rule{\z@}{\footnotesep}%
+ \bgroup
+ \aftergroup\V@@@footnotetext
+ \ignorespaces}
+\def\V@@@footnotetext{\strut\egroup}
+
+%% KEY=VALUE:
+
+\RequirePackage{keyval}
+
+% Extensions to keyval.sty:
+
+% \define@booleankey{<family>}{<key>}{<iftrue>}{<iffalse>}
+%
+% Defines a <key> for <family> that executes:
+% <iftrue> clause when value begins with `t' or `T', or is omitted.
+% <iffalse> clause otherwise.
+
+\def\define@booleankey#1#2#3#4{%
+ \@namedef{KV@#1@#2@default}{#3}%
+ \@namedef{KV@#1@#2@false}{#4}%
+ \@namedef{KV@#1@#2}##1{\KV@booleankey{##1}{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\KV@booleankey#1#2#3{%
+ \edef\@tempa{#1}\expandafter\KV@@booleankey\@tempa\relax\@nil{#2}{#3}}
+\def\KV@@booleankey#1#2\@nil#3#4{%
+ \@nameuse{KV@#3@#4@\if t#1default\else\if T#1default\else false\fi\fi}}
+
+\def\FV@None{none}
+\def\FV@Auto{auto}
+
+\def\fvset#1{\setkeys{FV}{#1}}
+
+% \FV@Command is for verbatim commands. Example:
+%
+% \def\VerbatimInput{\FV@Command{}{VerbatimInput}}
+%
+% \FV@Command{<key=value>}{<name>}:
+%
+% 1. Defines \FV@KeyValues to be <key=value>.
+% 2. Looks for *, and adds `showspaces' to \FV@KeyValues if found.
+% 3. Looks for [<key=value>] argument, and adds it to \FV@KeyValues if found.
+% 4. Executes \FVC@<name>.
+
+\def\FV@Command#1#2{%
+ \@ifstar
+ {\def\FV@KeyValues{#1,showspaces}\FV@@Command{#2}}%
+ {\def\FV@KeyValues{#1}\FV@@Command{#2}}}
+\def\FV@@Command#1{%
+ \@ifnextchar[%
+ {\FV@GetKeyValues{\@nameuse{FVC@#1}}}%
+ {\@nameuse{FVC@#1}}}
+
+\def\FV@GetKeyValues#1[#2]{%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\FV@KeyValues\expandafter{\FV@KeyValues,#2}#1}
+
+\def\@CustomVerbatimCommand#1#2#3#4{%
+ \begingroup\fvset{#4}\endgroup % If there are errors, it easier to locate.
+ \def\@tempa##1##2\@nil{\def\@tempa{##2}}%
+ \expandafter\@tempa\string#3\@empty\@nil
+ \@ifundefined{FVC@\@tempa}%
+ {\FV@Error{Command `\string#3' is not a FancyVerb command.}\@eha}%
+ {#1{#2}{\FV@Command{#4}{#3}}}}
+
+\def\CustomVerbatimCommand{\@CustomVerbatimCommand\newcommand}
+\def\RecustomVerbatimCommand{\@CustomVerbatimCommand\renewcommand}
+
+% \FV@Environment is for verbatim enviroments. Example:
+%
+% \def\Verbatim{\FV@Environment{}{Verbatim}}
+% \@namedef{Verbatim*}{\FV@Environment{showspaces}{Verbatim}}
+%
+% \FV@Environment{<key=value>}{<name>}:
+%
+% 1. Defines \FV@KeyValues to be <key=value>.
+% 2. Sets \catcode`\^^M=13, checks for `[', and resets \catcode``^^M=5.
+% 3. Reads [<key=value>] and adds it to \FV@KeyValues if `[' was found.
+% 4. Executes \FVB@<name>.
+
+% \FV@Environment is like \FV@Command, except:
+%
+% - It omits step 2 (looking for *), and
+% - It sets \catcode`\^^M=13 when checking for the `[' of the optional
+% argument, so that it does not skip over ^^M if there is no `['.
+
+\def\FV@Environment#1#2{%
+ \def\FV@KeyValues{#1}%
+ \catcode`\^^M=\active
+ \@ifnextchar[%
+ {\catcode`\^^M=5 \FV@GetKeyValues{\@nameuse{FVB@#2}}}%
+ {\catcode`\^^M=5 \@nameuse{FVB@#2}}}
+
+\def\CustomVerbatimEnvironment{\@CustomVerbatimEnvironment\newenvironment}
+\def\RecustomVerbatimEnvironment{\@CustomVerbatimEnvironment\renewenvironment}
+
+\def\@CustomVerbatimEnvironment#1#2#3#4{%
+ \begingroup\fvset{#4}\endgroup % If there are errors, it easier to locate.
+ \@ifundefined{FVB@#3}%
+ {\FV@Error{`#3' is not a FancyVerb environment.}\@eha}%
+ {#1{#2}{\FV@Environment{#4}{#3}}{\@nameuse{FVE@#3}}%
+ #1{#2*}{\FV@Environment{#4,showspaces}{#3}}{\@nameuse{FVE@#3}}}}
+
+\def\DefineVerbatimEnvironment#1#2#3{%
+ \@namedef{#1}{\FV@Environment{#3}{#2}}%
+ \@namedef{end#1}{\@nameuse{FVE@#2}}%
+ \@namedef{#1*}{\FV@Environment{#3,showspaces}{#2}}%
+ \@namedef{end#1*}{\@nameuse{FVE@#2}}}
+
+% Then commands or environments set key values with \FV@UseKeyValues,
+% within a group.
+
+\def\FV@UseKeyValues{%
+ \ifx\FV@KeyValues\@empty\else
+ \def\KV@prefix{KV@FV@}%
+ \expandafter\KV@do\FV@KeyValues,\relax,%
+ \def\FV@KeyValues{}%
+ \fi}
+
+%% SCANNING:
+%
+% Scanning macros
+% - read a line at a time from an environment or a file,
+% - save the line in \FV@Line, and
+% - execute \FV@PreProcessLine.
+%
+% \FV@PreProcessLine
+% - Determines whether line is in a user-specified ranges, and if so,
+% - Strips the line of a user-specified no. of tokens, and
+% - executes \FV@ProcessLine{<line>}.
+%
+% Two things are common to scanning an environment or reading a file:
+% \FV@CatCodes --> Change \catcode's.
+% \FV@PreProcessLine --> See above.
+
+%% CODES:
+
+\def\FV@CatCodes{%
+ \let\do\@makeother\dospecials
+ \FV@ActiveWhiteSpace % See below.
+ \FV@FontScanPrep % See below.
+ \FV@CatCodesHook % A style hook.
+ \FancyVerbCodes
+} % A user-defined hook.
+
+\def\FV@ActiveWhiteSpace{%
+ \catcode`\^^M=\active % End of line
+ \catcode`\ =\active % Space
+ \catcode`\^^I=\active} % Tab
+
+% CM Ligatures:
+% Left-quote: `` !` ?`
+% Letter f: ff fi fl ffi ffl
+% Hyphen: -- ---
+
+\def\FV@CatCodesHook{}
+
+\def\FV@AddToHook#1#2{%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{#1#2\relax}}
+
+\define@key{FV}{codes}[]{\def\FancyVerbCodes{#1\relax}}
+\define@key{FV}{codes*}{%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\FancyVerbCodes\expandafter{%
+ \FancyVerbCodes#1\relax}}
+\fvset{codes}
+
+\define@key{FV}{commandchars}[\\\{\}]%
+ {\def\@tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\FV@None
+ \let\FV@CommandChars\relax
+ \else
+ \FV@DefineCommandChars#1\relax\relax\relax
+ \fi}
+
+\def\FV@DefineCommandChars#1#2#3{%
+ \def\FV@CommandChars{%
+ \catcode`#1=0\relax\catcode`#2=1\relax\catcode`#3=2\relax}}
+
+\FV@AddToHook\FV@CatCodesHook\FV@CommandChars
+
+\define@key{FV}{commentchar}[\%]{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\FV@None
+ \let\FV@CommentChar\relax
+ \else
+ \def\FV@CommentChar{\catcode`#1=14}%
+ \fi}
+
+\FV@AddToHook\FV@CatCodesHook\FV@CommentChar
+
+\fvset{commandchars=none,commentchar=none}
+
+%% PREPROCESS LINE:
+
+% These is tedious and takes up macro space, but it doesn't slow things
+% down much when the parameters are not used.
+
+% start, stop and gobble parameters:
+
+% If value is a number, then after the assignment the next token is \relax.
+
+\define@key{FV}{firstline}{%
+ \afterassignment\FV@ParseStart\@tempcnta=0#1\relax\@nil{#1}}
+\def\FV@ParseStart#1\relax\@nil#2{%
+ \ifx\@nil#1\@nil
+ \edef\FancyVerbStartNum{\the\@tempcnta}%
+ \let\FancyVerbStartString\relax
+ \else
+ \edef\FancyVerbStartString{#2}%
+ \fi}
+\def\KV@FV@firstline@default{%
+ \let\FancyVerbStartNum\z@
+ \let\FancyVerbStartString\relax}
+
+\define@key{FV}{lastline}{%
+ \afterassignment\FV@ParseStop\@tempcnta=0#1\relax\@nil{#1}}
+\def\FV@ParseStop#1\relax\@nil#2{%
+ \ifx\@nil#1\@nil
+ \edef\FancyVerbStopNum{\the\@tempcnta}%
+ \let\FancyVerbStopString\relax
+ \else
+ \edef\FancyVerbStopString{#2}%
+ \fi}
+\def\KV@FV@lastline@default{%
+ \let\FancyVerbStopNum\z@
+ \let\FancyVerbStopString\relax}
+
+\fvset{firstline,lastline}
+
+\newcount\FV@CodeLineNo
+
+% If \FV@FindStartStop determines the line should be printed, it
+% executes \FV@@PreProcessLine
+
+\def\FV@PreProcessLine{%
+ \global\advance\FV@CodeLineNo\@ne
+ \FV@FindStartStop}
+
+\def\FV@@PreProcessLine{%
+ \FV@StepLineNo
+ \FV@Gobble
+ \expandafter\FV@ProcessLine\expandafter{\FV@Line}}
+
+% The definition of \FV@FindStartStop changes, so that we don't
+% have to check irrelevant conditions with each line.
+
+\def\FV@FindStartStop{\FV@DefineFindStart\FV@FindStartStop}
+
+% \def\FV@DefinePreProcessLine{%
+% \setcounter{FancyVerbLine}{0}%
+% \FV@DefineFindStart}
+
+\def\FV@DefineFindStart{%
+ \ifx\FancyVerbStartString\relax
+ \ifnum\FancyVerbStartNum<\tw@
+ \FV@DefineFindStop
+ \else
+ \let\FV@FindStartStop\FV@FindStartNum
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \let\FV@FindStartStop\FV@FindStartString
+ \fi}
+
+\def\FV@FindStartNum{%
+ \ifnum\FancyVerbStartNum>\FV@CodeLineNo\else
+ \FV@DefineFindStop
+ \expandafter\FV@@PreProcessLine
+ \fi}
+
+\def\FV@FindStartString{%
+ \expandafter\FV@@FindStartString
+{\meaning\FV@Line}%
+{\meaning\FancyVerbStartString}%
+}
+\def\FV@@FindStartString#1#2{%
+\edef\@fooA{#1}\edef\@fooB{#2}
+ \ifx\@fooA\@fooB
+ \FV@DefineFindStop
+ \fi
+}
+
+\def\FV@DefineFindStop{%
+ \ifx\FancyVerbStopString\relax
+ \ifnum\FancyVerbStopNum<\@ne
+ \let\FV@FindStartStop\FV@@PreProcessLine
+ \else
+ \let\FV@FindStartStop\FV@FindStopNum
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \let\FV@FindStartStop\FV@FindStopString
+ \fi}
+
+\def\FV@FindStopNum{%
+ \ifnum\FancyVerbStopNum=\FV@CodeLineNo
+ \let\FV@FindStartStop\relax
+ \ifeof\FV@InFile\else
+ \immediate\closein\FV@InFile
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \FV@@PreProcessLine}
+
+\def\FV@FindStopString{%
+ \expandafter\FV@@FindStopString
+{\meaning\FV@Line}%
+{\meaning\FancyVerbStopString}%
+}
+\def\FV@@FindStopString#1#2{%
+\edef\@fooA{#1}\edef\@fooB{#2}
+ \ifx\@fooA\@fooB
+ \let\FV@FindStartStop\relax
+ \ifeof\FV@InFile\else
+ \immediate\closein\FV@InFile
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \expandafter\FV@@PreProcessLine
+ \fi}
+
+% Gobblings. \FV@Gobble does nothing, or strips some tokens from
+% the line and stores the result in \FV@Line again. We use
+% \LaTeX's renewcommand to define a command for gobbling up to
+% 9 arguments. This is not the same as removing 9 tokens, but is
+% easier.
+
+\def\FV@@Gobble{%
+ \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\FV@@@Gobble
+ \expandafter\FV@@@@Gobble\FV@Line
+ \@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@nil\@@nil}
+\def\FV@@@Gobble#1\@nil#2\@@nil{\def\FV@Line{#1}}
+
+\define@key{FV}{gobble}{%
+ \@tempcnta=#1\relax
+ \ifnum\@tempcnta<\@ne
+ \let\FV@Gobble\relax
+ \else
+ \ifnum\@tempcnta>9
+ \FV@Error{gobble parameter must be less than 10}\FV@eha
+ \else
+ \renewcommand{\FV@@@@Gobble}[\@tempcnta]{}%
+ \let\FV@Gobble\FV@@Gobble
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+\def\FV@@@@Gobble{}
+\def\KV@FV@gobble@default{\let\FV@Gobble\relax}
+
+\fvset{gobble}
+
+%% SCANNING ENVIRONMENTS:
+
+\def\FV@Scan{%
+ \FV@CatCodes
+ \VerbatimEnvironment
+ \FV@DefineCheckEnd
+ \FV@BeginScanning}
+
+% \VerbatimEnvironment:
+%
+% This saves the name of the current environment as
+% \FV@EnvironName, if the latter is not already defined.
+% Then \FV@CheckEnd knows how to find the end as long as either:
+% * \begin and \end are not used within the definition of the environment, OR
+% * \VerbatimEnvironment is used in the definition before the first \begin.
+
+\def\VerbatimEnvironment{%
+ \ifx\FV@EnvironName\relax\xdef\FV@EnvironName{\@currenvir}\fi}
+
+\let\FV@EnvironName\relax
+
+%% CHECK END:
+%
+% We have to check the argument of the first \end{} in each line, compare it
+% with \FV@EnvironName, and return \iftrue if it matches and \iffalse
+% otherwise.
+%
+% There are four cases (R=regular):
+%
+% case : i ii iii iv
+% catcode of \ : R 12 12 R
+% catcode of {} : R R 12 12
+%
+% For uniformity, we use ![] instead of \{} in all the definitions.
+%
+% We first set the catcodes of \{} to those in effect in the
+% verbatim environment. Then we define:
+%
+% !def!FV@CheckEnd#1[!FV@@CheckEnd#1\end{}!@nil]
+%
+% If {} have their usual catcodes, we define:
+%
+% !def!FV@@CheckEnd#1\end#2#3!@nil[!def!@tempa[#2]]
+%
+% If {} have catcode 12, we define:
+%
+% !def!FV@@CheckEnd#1\end{#2}#3!@nil[!def!@tempa[#2]]
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\!=0
+\catcode`\[=1
+\catcode`\]=2
+
+% Case i:
+
+!gdef!FV@CheckEnd@i#1[!FV@@CheckEnd#1\end{}!@nil]
+!gdef!FV@@CheckEnd@i#1\end#2#3!@nil[!def!@tempa[#2]!def!@tempb[#3]]
+!gdef!FV@@@CheckEnd@i[\end{}]
+
+% Case ii:
+
+\catcode`!\=12
+
+!gdef!FV@CheckEnd@ii#1[!FV@@CheckEnd#1\end{}!@nil]
+!gdef!FV@@CheckEnd@ii#1\end#2#3!@nil[!def!@tempa[#2]!def!@tempb[#3]]
+!gdef!FV@@@CheckEnd@ii[\end{}]
+
+% Case iii:
+
+!catcode`!{=12
+!catcode`!}=12
+
+!gdef!FV@CheckEnd@iii#1[!FV@@CheckEnd#1\end{}!@nil]
+!gdef!FV@@CheckEnd@iii#1\end{#2}#3!@nil[!def!@tempa[#2]!def!@tempb[#3]]
+!gdef!FV@@@CheckEnd@iii[\end{}]
+
+% Case iv:
+
+!catcode`!\=0
+
+!gdef!FV@CheckEnd@iv#1[!FV@@CheckEnd#1\end{}!@nil]
+!gdef!FV@@CheckEnd@iv#1\end{#2}#3!@nil[!def!@tempa[#2]!def!@tempb[#3]]
+!gdef!FV@@@CheckEnd@iv[\end{}]
+
+\endgroup
+
+\def\FV@BadCodes#1{%
+ \FV@Error
+ {\string\catcode\space of \expandafter\@gobble\string#1 is wrong:
+ \the\catcode`#1}%
+ {Only the following catcode values are allowed:
+ ^^J\@spaces \expandafter\@gobble\string\\ \space\space --> 0 or 12.
+ ^^J\@spaces \string{ \string} --> 1 and 2, resp., or both 12.
+ ^^JTo get this error, either you are a hacker or you got bad advice.}%
+ \def\FV@CheckEnd##1{\iftrue}}
+
+\def\FV@DefineCheckEnd{%
+ \ifnum\catcode`\\=\z@
+ \ifnum\catcode`\{=\@ne
+ \let\FV@CheckEnd\FV@CheckEnd@i
+ \let\FV@@CheckEnd\FV@@CheckEnd@i
+ \let\FV@@@CheckEnd\FV@@@CheckEnd@i
+ \else
+ \ifnum\catcode`\{=12
+ \let\FV@CheckEnd\FV@CheckEnd@iv
+ \let\FV@@CheckEnd\FV@@CheckEnd@iv
+ \let\FV@@@CheckEnd\FV@@@CheckEnd@iv
+ \else
+ \FV@BadCodes\{%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \ifnum\catcode`\\=12
+ \ifnum\catcode`\{=\@ne
+ \let\FV@CheckEnd\FV@CheckEnd@ii
+ \let\FV@@CheckEnd\FV@@CheckEnd@ii
+ \let\FV@@@CheckEnd\FV@@@CheckEnd@ii
+ \else
+ \ifnum\catcode`\{=12
+ \let\FV@CheckEnd\FV@CheckEnd@iii
+ \let\FV@@CheckEnd\FV@@CheckEnd@iii
+ \let\FV@@@CheckEnd\FV@@@CheckEnd@iii
+ \else
+ \FV@BadCodes\{%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \FV@BadCodes\\%
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+
+%% LINE-BY-LINE SCANNING
+
+% We first skip everything after the beginning of the environment.
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\^^M=\active
+ \gdef\FV@BeginScanning#1^^M{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}\ifx\@tempa\@empty\else\FV@BadBeginError\fi
+ \FV@GetLine}%
+\endgroup
+
+\def\FV@BadBeginError#1{%
+ \expandafter\@temptokena\expandafter{\@tempa}%
+ \FV@Error
+ {Extraneous input `\the\@temptokena' between
+ \string\begin{\FV@EnvironName}[<key=value>] and line end}%
+ {This input will be discarded. Hit <return> to continue.}}
+
+% If \FancyVerbGetLine does not find a ^^M, then we are at
+% the end of the file, and \FV@EOF attempts to terminate the document.
+% Otherwise, \FV@EOF is gobbled by \FancyVerbGetLine.
+
+\def\FV@GetLine{\expandafter\FV@CheckScan\FancyVerbGetLine}
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\^^M=\active
+\gdef\FancyVerbGetLine#1^^M{%
+ \@nil
+ \FV@CheckEnd{#1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\FV@EnvironName% % True if end is found
+ \ifx\@tempb\FV@@@CheckEnd\else\FV@BadEndError\fi%
+ \let\next\FV@EndScanning%
+ \else%
+ \def\FV@Line{#1}%
+ \def\next{\FV@PreProcessLine\FV@GetLine}%
+ \fi%
+ \next}%
+\endgroup
+
+\def\FV@BadEndError{%
+ \expandafter\@temptokena\expandafter{\@tempb}%
+ \FV@Error
+ {Extraneous input `\the\@temptokena' between
+ \string\end{\FV@EnvironName} and line end}%
+ {This input will be discarded. Type <return> to continue.}}
+
+\def\FV@EndScanning{%
+ \edef\next{\noexpand\end{\FV@EnvironName}}%
+ \global\let\FV@EnvironName\relax
+ \next}
+
+\@ifundefined{@currenvline}{\let\@currenvline\@empty}{}
+
+\def\FV@CheckScan#1{\@ifnextchar\@nil{\@gobble}{\FV@EOF}}
+\def\FV@CheckScan#1{\ifx\@nil#1\@empty\else\expandafter\FV@EOF\fi}
+
+\def\FV@EOF{%
+ \FV@Error{Couldn't find `\string\end{\FV@EnvironName}' to end
+ a verbatim environment\@currenvline.}%
+ {Probably you mistyped the environment name or included an extraneous
+ ^^Jspace, or are using an improperly defined verbatim environment.
+ ^^JHit return and I will try to terminate this job.}%
+ \FV@EndScanning
+ \end{document}}
+
+%% INPUT:
+
+\newread\FV@InFile
+
+\def\FV@Input#1{%
+ \immediate\openin\FV@InFile #1\relax
+ \ifeof\FV@InFile
+ \FV@Error{No verbatim file #1}\FV@eha
+ \immediate\closein\FV@InFile
+ \else
+ \FV@CatCodes
+ \expandafter\FV@@Input
+ \fi}
+
+% TeX reports EOF when reading after the last newline character.
+% Thus, we read to InLine, and if TeX reports EOF:
+% If InLine=Empty, previous line was last line in file (file ends nl).
+% Otherwise, InLine holds last line in file (file doesn't end in nl).
+% \FV@@Input handles both cases correctly.
+
+\def\FV@@Input{%
+ \def\FV@Line{}%
+ \FV@ReadLine
+ \ifeof\FV@InFile
+ \ifx\FV@Line\@empty\else
+ \FV@PreProcessLine
+ \fi
+ \immediate\closein\FV@InFile
+ \else
+ \FV@PreProcessLine
+ \expandafter\FV@@Input
+ \fi}
+
+% We also want to handle true comment characters correctly. This means that
+% we keep accumulating text in InLine until we find a ^^M (indicating that
+% the line did not contain a comment character).
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\^^M=\active
+\gdef\FV@ReadLine{%
+ \ifeof\FV@InFile\else
+ \immediate\read\FV@InFile to\@tempa%
+ \expandafter\FV@@ReadLine\@tempa^^M\relax^^M\@nil%
+ \fi}
+% #2 is empty if line ends in ^^M, #2=\relax otherwise
+\gdef\FV@@ReadLine#1^^M#2^^M#3\@nil{%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\FV@Line\expandafter{%
+ \FV@Line#1}%
+ \ifx\relax#2\@empty\expandafter\FV@ReadLine\fi}%
+\endgroup
+
+%% FORMATTING - COMMON COMPONENTS:
+
+% Some things that are common to all verbatim formatting:
+
+\def\FV@FormattingPrep{%
+ \global\FV@CodeLineNo\z@
+ \frenchspacing % Cancels special punctuation spacing.
+ \FV@SetupFont % See below.
+ \FV@DefineWhiteSpace % See below.
+ \FancyVerbDefineActive
+ \FancyVerbFormatCom} % A user-defined hook (formatcom parameter).
+
+% Fonts
+
+\expandafter\ifx\csname selectfont\endcsname\relax
+
+\def\FV@SetupFont{%
+ \FV@BaseLineStretch
+ \ifx\@currsize\small\normalsize\else\small\fi\@currsize
+ \FV@FontSize
+ \FV@FontFamily
+}
+
+\else
+
+\def\FV@SetupFont{%
+ \FV@BaseLineStretch
+ \FV@FontSize
+ \FV@FontFamily
+ \FV@FontSeries
+ \FV@FontShape
+%
+% SPQR Jan 29 1996; added code to turn off ligatures
+%
+ \selectfont\let\do\do@noligs\verbatim@nolig@list}
+
+\fi
+
+\define@key{FV}{fontsize}{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\FV@Auto
+ \let\FV@FontSize\relax
+ \else
+ \def\FV@FontSize{#1}%
+ \fi}
+\def\KV@FV@fontsize@default{\let\FV@FontSize\relax}
+
+\define@key{FV}{baselinestretch}[auto]{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\FV@Auto
+ \let\FV@BaseLineStretch\relax
+ \else
+ \def\FV@BaseLineStretch{\def\baselinestretch{#1}}%
+ \fi}
+\def\KV@FV@baselinestretch@default{\let\FV@BaseLineStretch\relax}
+
+\define@key{FV}{fontfamily}{%
+ \@ifundefined{FV@fontfamily@#1}%
+ {\def\FV@FontScanPrep{}\def\FV@FontFamily{\fontfamily{#1}}}
+ {\csname FV@fontfamily@#1\endcsname}}
+
+\define@key{FV}{fontseries}{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\FV@Auto
+ \let\FV@FontSeries\relax
+ \else
+ \def\FV@FontSeries{\fontseries{#1}}%
+ \fi}
+
+\define@key{FV}{fontshape}{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\FV@Auto
+ \let\FV@FontShape\relax
+ \else
+ \def\FV@FontShape{\fontshape{#1}}%
+ \fi}
+
+% Font family styles have to define \FV@FontScanPrep and \FV@FontFamily.
+
+\def\FV@MakeActive#1{%
+ \catcode`#1=\active
+ \def\next##1{\expandafter\def\expandafter\FV@MakeUnActive\expandafter{%
+ \FV@MakeUnActive\def##1{\string##1}}}%
+ \begingroup\lccode`~=`#1\relax\expandafter\next\expandafter~\endgroup}
+\def\FV@MakeUnActive{}
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\`=\active
+\gdef\FV@fontfamily@tt{%
+ \def\FV@FontScanPrep{\FV@MakeActive\`}%
+ \def\FV@FontFamily{\ttfamily\edef`{{\string`}}}}
+
+\gdef\FV@fontfamily@cmtt{%
+ \def\FV@FontScanPrep{\FV@MakeActive\`}%
+ \def\FV@FontFamily{\edef`{{\string`}}\fontfamily{cmtt}}}
+\endgroup
+
+\@namedef{FV@fontfamily@cmtt-spanish}{%
+ \def\FV@FontScanPrep{}%
+ \def\FV@FontFamily{\fontfamily{cmtt}}}
+
+%% FIX ME
+
+\@namedef{FV@fontfamily@courier}{%
+ \def\FV@FontScanPrep{}%
+ \def\FV@FontFamily{\fontfamily{pcr}}}
+
+\@namedef{FV@fontfamily@helvetica}{%
+ \def\FV@FontScanPrep{}%
+ \def\FV@FontFamily{\fontfamily{phv}}}
+
+\fvset{fontfamily=tt,fontsize=auto,fontshape=auto,fontseries=auto,
+ baselinestretch=auto}
+
+% \FV@DefineWhiteSpace
+%
+% We just define the active characters to be ordinary commands, which
+% are easier to redefine. We do with any macros that use verbatim text.
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\ =\active
+\catcode`\^^I=\active
+\gdef\FV@DefineWhiteSpace{\def {\FV@Space}\def^^I{\FV@Tab}}%
+\endgroup
+
+\define@key{FV}{defineactive}[]{\def\FancyVerbDefineActive{#1\relax}}
+\define@key{FV}{defineactive*}{%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\FancyVerbDefineActive\expandafter{%
+ \FancyVerbDefineActive#1\relax}}
+\fvset{defineactive}
+
+% \FV@Space:
+
+\define@booleankey{FV}{showspaces}%
+ {\def\FV@Space{{\FancyVerbSpace}}}%
+ {\def\FV@Space{\ }}
+
+{\catcode`\ =12 \gdef\FancyVerbSpace{\tt }}
+
+\fvset{showspaces=false}
+
+% \FV@Tab:
+
+\def\FV@Tab{\hbox to\FancyVerbTabSize\fontdimen2\font{\hss\FV@TabChar}}
+
+\define@key{FV}{tabsize}{%
+ \@tempcnta=#1\relax
+ \ifnum\@tempcnta>100
+ \FV@Error{Tab size too large: `\the\@tempcnta'. (Max size = 100)}\FV@eha
+ \else
+ \edef\FancyVerbTabSize{\the\@tempcnta}%
+ \fi}
+
+\define@booleankey{FV}{showtabs}%
+ {\def\FV@TabChar{\FancyVerbTab}}%
+ {\let\FV@TabChar\relax}
+
+\fvset{tabsize=8,showtabs=false}
+
+% Here is a weak attempt at a tab character. It may exceed the width
+% of a space character when the verbatim font is small. The only proper way
+% to do this is making it part of the verbatim font.
+
+\def\FancyVerbTab{%
+ \valign{%
+ \vfil##\vfil\cr
+ \hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle-$}\cr
+ \hbox to 0pt{\hss$\scriptscriptstyle\rangle\mskip -.8mu$}\cr
+ \hbox{$\scriptstyle\mskip -3mu\mid\mskip -1.4mu$}\cr}}
+
+% Obey Tabs:
+
+\newbox\FV@TabBox
+
+\def\FV@@ObeyTabsInit{%
+ \@tempdimb=\FancyVerbTabSize\fontdimen\tw@\font
+ \edef\FV@ObeyTabSize{\number\@tempdimb}%
+ \advance\@tempdimb\fontdimen\tw@\font
+ \advance\@tempdimb-\FancyVerbTabSize sp % Allow for rounding errors.
+ \edef\FV@@ObeyTabSize{\number\@tempdimb}%
+ \let\FV@ObeyTabs\FV@@ObeyTabs
+ \let\FV@Tab\FV@TrueTab}
+
+\def\FV@@ObeyTabs#1{\setbox\FV@TabBox=\hbox{#1}\box\FV@TabBox}
+\let\FV@ObeyTabs\relax
+
+\def\FV@TrueTab{%
+ \egroup
+ \@tempdima=\FV@ObeyTabSize sp\relax
+ \@tempcnta=\wd\FV@TabBox
+ \advance\@tempcnta\FV@@ObeyTabSize\relax
+ \divide\@tempcnta\@tempdima
+ \multiply\@tempdima\@tempcnta
+ \advance\@tempdima-\wd\FV@TabBox
+ \setbox\FV@TabBox=\hbox\bgroup
+ \unhbox\FV@TabBox\kern\@tempdima\hbox to\z@{\hss\FV@TabChar}}
+
+\define@booleankey{FV}{obeytabs}%
+ {\let\FV@ObeyTabsInit\FV@@ObeyTabsInit}%
+ {\let\FV@ObeyTabsInit\relax}
+
+\fvset{obeytabs=false}
+
+% \FancyVerbFormatCom
+
+\define@key{FV}{formatcom}[]{\def\FancyVerbFormatCom{#1\relax}}
+\define@key{FV}{formatcom*}{%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\FancyVerbFormatCom\expandafter{%
+ \FancyVerbFormatCom#1\relax}}
+
+\fvset{formatcom}
+
+\def\FancyVerbFormatLine#1{\FV@ObeyTabs{#1}}
+
+% LIST ENVIRONMENTS:
+
+% Some parameters:
+
+\define@key{FV}{xleftmargin}{\def\FV@XLeftMargin{#1}}
+\let\FV@XLeftMargin\z@
+
+\define@key{FV}{xrightmargin}{\def\FV@XRightMargin{#1}}
+\let\FV@XRightMargin\z@
+
+\define@booleankey{FV}{resetmargins}%
+ {\let\if@FV@ResetMargins\iftrue}
+ {\let\if@FV@ResetMargins\iffalse}
+
+\fvset{resetmargins=false}
+
+\define@key{FV}{listparameters}{\def\FV@ListParameterHook{#1}}
+\def\FV@ListParameterHook{}
+
+\define@key{FV}{hfuzz}{%
+ \@tempdima=#1\relax
+ \edef\FancyVerbHFuzz{\number\@tempdima sp}}
+
+\fvset{hfuzz=2pt}
+
+\define@booleankey{FV}{samepage}%
+ {\def\FV@InterLinePenalty{\interlinepenalty\@M}}%
+ {\let\FV@InterLinePenalty\relax}
+
+\fvset{samepage=false}
+
+% Lists:
+
+% \FV@List{} is a rewriting of \list{}{}\item[].
+% The rewrite gives me more control.
+% I might not get the vertical spacing exactly the same, but it
+% is more likely that it will get better than worse.
+%
+% The verbatim environment consists of a series of \hbox's inserted in
+% vertical mode.
+%
+% We need to take care of the following:
+%
+% leftmargin
+% rightmargin
+% topskip
+% botskip
+% toppenalty
+% botpenalty
+% interlinepenalties
+%
+% Note: A verbatim environment immediately after an \item starts on
+% the same line as the \item's label, unless we reset margins.
+% The user can instead have the environment start on a new
+% line by inserting `\ ' between \item and the environment.
+
+\def\FV@List#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \FV@UseKeyValues
+ \FV@LeaveVMode
+ \if@inlabel\else\setbox\@labels=\box\voidb@x\fi
+ \FV@ListNesting{#1}%
+ \FV@ListParameterHook
+ \FV@ListVSpace
+ \FV@SetLineWidth
+ \FV@InterLinePenalty
+ \let\FV@ProcessLine\FV@ListProcessLine@i
+ \FV@CatCodes
+ \FV@FormattingPrep
+ \FV@ObeyTabsInit
+ \FV@BeginListFrame}
+
+% Cases where we need to leave vmode:
+% - After an in-line section (\if@noskipsec=T).
+% - After an \item command, if we reset margins.
+% Then we end \vmode, using @noparlist as a flag if in vmode.
+% (Not the usual meaning of @noparlist.)
+
+\def\FV@LeaveVMode{%
+ \if@noskipsec
+ \leavevmode
+ \else
+ \if@FV@ResetMargins\if@inlabel\leavevmode\fi\fi
+ \fi
+ \ifvmode\@noparlisttrue\else\@noparlistfalse\unskip\par\fi}
+
+\def\FV@ListNesting#1{%
+ \if@FV@ResetMargins
+ \@listdepth=\z@
+ \else
+ \ifnum\@listdepth>5\relax
+ \@toodeep
+ \else
+ \advance\@listdepth\@ne
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \rightmargin\z@
+ \csname @list\romannumeral\the\@listdepth\endcsname
+ \ifnum#1=\z@
+ \rightmargin\z@
+ \leftmargin\z@
+ \fi}
+
+% \FV@ListVSpace contains selected parts of \@trivlist and \@item.
+% Here are the cases:
+%
+% VMODE NOT IN LABEL OR AFTER @NOBREAK:
+% <topskip> = \topsep + \partopsep + \parskip
+% <botskip> = \topsep + \partopsep
+% <toppenalty> = \@beginparpenalty
+% <botpenalty> = \@endparpenalty
+
+% VMODE IN LABEL:
+% <topskip> = \parskip % Expected anyway.
+% <botskip> = \topsep + \partopsep % Omitted in LaTeX--a bug?
+% <toppenalty> = None
+% <botpenalty> = \@endparpenalty % Ditto.
+
+% VMODE AFTER @NOBREAK:
+% <topskip> = \parskip
+% <botskip> = \topsep + \partopsep
+% <toppenalty> = None
+% <botpenatly> = \@endparpenalty
+
+% HMODE:
+% <topskip> = \topsep + \parskip
+% <botskip> = \topsep
+% <toppenalty> = \@beginparpenalty
+% <botpenatly> = \@endparpenalty
+%
+% Notes:
+% - Except when in label or after nobreak, \parskip is added with
+% \addvspace, so that net space is:
+% MAX{\topsep (+\partopsep) + \parskip , \lastskip }
+% (The usual \@item works the same way.)
+% - \parskip is added afterwards by a new paragraph, if any.
+% - <botskip> == \@topsepadd
+
+\def\FV@ListVSpace{%
+ \@topsepadd\topsep
+ \if@noparlist\advance\@topsepadd\partopsep\fi
+ \if@inlabel
+ \vskip\parskip
+ \else
+ \if@nobreak
+ \vskip\parskip
+ \clubpenalty\@M
+ \else
+ \addpenalty\@beginparpenalty
+ \@topsep\@topsepadd
+ \advance\@topsep\parskip
+ \addvspace\@topsep
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \global\@nobreakfalse
+ \global\@inlabelfalse
+ \global\@minipagefalse
+ \global\@newlistfalse}
+
+% \leftmargin := totalleftmargin
+% \rightmargin := totalrightmargin
+% \@totalleftmargin := totalleftmargin of enclosing environment.
+
+\def\FV@SetLineWidth{%
+ \if@FV@ResetMargins\else
+ \advance\leftmargin\@totalleftmargin
+ \fi
+ \advance\leftmargin\FV@XLeftMargin\relax
+ \advance\rightmargin\FV@XRightMargin\relax
+ \linewidth\hsize
+ \advance\linewidth-\leftmargin
+ \advance\linewidth-\rightmargin
+ \hfuzz\FancyVerbHFuzz\relax}
+
+% We have to insert the right interline penalties (\interlinepenalty,
+% \clubpenalty, \widowpenalty). We could process the environment
+% as one long paragraph and let TeX insert the penalties, but this
+% might cause problems for a very long environment.
+%
+% Line 1 : Insert \@labels (maybe) plus current_line
+% Line 2 : Save current line
+% Line 3 : penalty = interline + club ; Insert last line ; Save current line.
+% Line 4 : penalty = interline ; Insert last line ; Save current line.
+%
+% Then at the end:
+% Next line = 1 : Add null line.
+% Next line = 2 : Nothing.
+% Next line = 3 : penalty = interline + club + widow ; Insert last line.
+% Next line = 4 : penalty = interline + widow ; Insert last line.
+
+\def\FV@ListProcessLine#1{%
+ \hbox to \hsize{%
+ \kern\leftmargin
+ \hbox to \linewidth{%
+ \FV@LeftListNumber
+ \FV@LeftListFrame
+ \FancyVerbFormatLine{#1}\hss
+ \FV@RightListFrame}%
+ \hss}}
+
+\def\FV@ListProcessLine@i#1{%
+ \hbox{%
+ \ifvoid\@labels\else
+ \hbox to \z@{\kern\@totalleftmargin\box\@labels\hss}%
+ \fi
+ \FV@ListProcessLine{#1}}%
+ \let\FV@ProcessLine\FV@ListProcessLine@ii}
+
+\def\FV@ListProcessLine@ii#1{%
+ \setbox\@tempboxa=\FV@ListProcessLine{#1}%
+ \let\FV@ProcessLine\FV@ListProcessLine@iii}
+
+\def\FV@ListProcessLine@iii#1{%
+ {\advance\interlinepenalty\clubpenalty\penalty\interlinepenalty}%
+ \box\@tempboxa
+ \setbox\@tempboxa=\FV@ListProcessLine{#1}%
+ \let\FV@ProcessLine\FV@ListProcessLine@iv}
+
+\def\FV@ListProcessLine@iv#1{%
+ \penalty\interlinepenalty
+ \box\@tempboxa
+ \setbox\@tempboxa=\FV@ListProcessLine{#1}}%
+
+\def\FV@EndList{%
+ \FV@ListProcessLastLine
+ \FV@EndListFrame
+ \@endparenv
+ \endgroup
+ \@endpetrue}
+
+\def\FV@ListProcessLastLine{%
+ \ifx\FV@ProcessLine\FV@ListProcessLine@iv
+ {\advance\interlinepenalty\widowpenalty\penalty\interlinepenalty}%
+ \box\@tempboxa
+ \else
+ \ifx\FV@ProcessLine\FV@ListProcessLine@iii
+ {\advance\interlinepenalty\widowpenalty
+ \advance\interlinepenalty\clubpenalty
+ \penalty\interlinepenalty}%
+ \box\@tempboxa
+ \else
+ \ifx\FV@ProcessLine\FV@ListProcessLine@i
+ \FV@Error{Empty verbatim environment}{}%
+ \FV@ProcessLine{}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+
+% Verbatim environment:
+
+\def\FV@VerbatimBegin{\FV@List\z@}
+\def\FV@VerbatimEnd{\FV@EndList}
+
+\def\FVB@Verbatim{\FV@VerbatimBegin\FV@Scan}
+\def\FVE@Verbatim{\FV@VerbatimEnd}
+
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{}
+
+% With \UseVerbatim, we have to take care of some of the things
+% \end{} would do.
+
+\def\FV@UseVerbatim#1{%
+ \FV@VerbatimBegin#1\FV@VerbatimEnd
+ \@doendpe\global\@ignorefalse\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\VerbatimInput{\FV@Command{}{VerbatimInput}}
+\def\FVC@VerbatimInput#1{\FV@UseVerbatim{\FV@Input{#1}}}
+
+% LVerbatim environment:
+
+\def\FV@LVerbatimBegin{\FV@List\@ne}
+\def\FV@LVerbatimEnd{\FV@EndList}
+
+\def\FVB@LVerbatim{\FV@LVerbatimBegin\FV@Scan}
+\def\FVE@LVerbatim{\FV@LVerbatimEnd}
+
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{LVerbatim}{LVerbatim}{}
+
+\def\FV@LUseVerbatim#1{%
+ \FV@LVerbatimBegin#1\FV@LVerbatimEnd
+ \@doendpe\global\@ignorefalse\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\LVerbatimInput{\FV@Command{}{LVerbatimInput}}
+\def\FVC@LVerbatimInput#1{\FV@LUseVerbatim{\FV@Input{#1}}}
+
+% Frames:
+
+\def\FV@Frame@none{%
+ \let\FV@BeginListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@LeftListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@RightListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@EndListFrame\relax}
+
+\def\FV@Frame@single{%
+ \let\FV@BeginListFrame\FV@BeginListFrame@Single
+ \let\FV@LeftListFrame\FV@LeftListFrame@Single
+ \let\FV@RightListFrame\FV@RightListFrame@Single
+ \let\FV@EndListFrame\FV@EndListFrame@Single}
+
+\def\FV@Frame@lines{%
+ \let\FV@BeginListFrame\FV@BeginListFrame@Lines
+ \let\FV@LeftListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@RightListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@EndListFrame\FV@EndListFrame@Lines}
+
+\def\FV@Frame@topline{%
+ \let\FV@BeginListFrame\FV@BeginListFrame@Lines
+ \let\FV@LeftListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@RightListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@EndListFrame\relax}
+
+\def\FV@Frame@bottomline{%
+ \let\FV@BeginListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@LeftListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@RightListFrame\relax
+ \let\FV@EndListFrame\FV@EndListFrame@Lines}
+
+\def\FV@BeginListFrame@Single{%
+ \lineskip\z@
+ \baselineskip\z@
+ \ifx\FancyVerbFillColor\relax
+ \let\FV@FrameFillLine\relax
+ \else
+ \@tempdima\FV@FrameRule\relax
+ \multiply\@tempdima-\tw@
+ \edef\FV@FrameFillLine{%
+ {\noexpand\FancyVerbFillColor{\vrule\@width\number\@tempdima sp}%
+ \kern-\number\@tempdima sp}}%
+ \fi
+ \FV@SingleFrameLine
+ \penalty\@M
+ \FV@SingleFrameSep
+ \penalty\@M}
+
+\def\FV@SingleFrameLine{%
+ \hbox to\z@{%
+ \kern\leftmargin
+ \FancyVerbRuleColor{\vrule \@width\linewidth \@height\FV@FrameRule}%
+ \hss}}
+
+\def\FV@BeginListFrame@Lines{%
+ \begingroup
+ \lineskip\z@skip
+ \baselineskip\z@skip
+ \FV@SingleFrameLine
+ \kern\FV@FrameSep\relax
+ \endgroup}%
+
+\def\FV@EndListFrame@Lines{%
+ \begingroup
+ \baselineskip\z@skip
+ \kern\FV@FrameSep\relax
+ \FV@SingleFrameLine
+ \endgroup}
+
+\def\FV@SingleFrameSep{%
+ \hbox to \z@{%
+ \kern\leftmargin
+ \hbox to\linewidth{%
+ \FancyVerbRuleColor{%
+ \vrule\@width\FV@FrameRule\relax
+ \ifx\FancyVerbFillColor\relax
+ \hfil
+ \else
+ {\FancyVerbFillColor\leaders\hrule\@height\FV@FrameSep\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \vrule\@width\FV@FrameRule\relax}}%
+ \hss}}
+
+\def\FV@LeftListFrame@Single{%
+ \strut
+ {\FancyVerbRuleColor{\vrule \@width\FV@FrameRule}}%
+ \FV@FrameFillLine
+ \kern\FV@FrameSep}
+
+\def\FV@RightListFrame@Single{%
+ \kern\FV@FrameSep
+ {\noexpand\leavevmode\FancyVerbRuleColor{\vrule\@width\FV@FrameRule}}}
+
+\def\FV@EndListFrame@Single{%
+ \penalty\@M
+ \FV@SingleFrameSep
+ \penalty\@M
+ \FV@SingleFrameLine}
+
+\define@key{FV}{framerule}{%
+ \@tempdima=#1\relax
+ \edef\FV@FrameRule{\number\@tempdima sp\relax}}
+\def\KV@FV@framerule@default{\let\FV@FrameRule\fboxrule}
+
+\define@key{FV}{framesep}{%
+ \@tempdima=#1\relax
+ \edef\FV@FrameSep{\number\@tempdima sp\relax}}
+\def\KV@FV@framesep@default{\let\FV@FrameSep\fboxsep}
+
+\fvset{framerule,framesep}
+
+\define@key{FV}{rulecolor}{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\FV@None
+ \let\FancyVerbRuleColor\relax
+ \else
+ \let\FancyVerbRuleColor\@tempa
+ \fi}
+
+\define@key{FV}{fillcolor}{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\FV@None
+ \let\FancyVerbFillColor\relax
+ \else
+ \let\FancyVerbFillColor\@tempa
+ \fi}
+
+\fvset{rulecolor=none,fillcolor=none}
+
+\def\FV@Frame@double{%
+ \let\FV@FrameBegin\FV@FrameBegin@double
+ \let\FV@FrameLine\FV@FrameLine@double
+ \let\FV@FrameEnd\FV@FrameEnd@double}
+
+\define@key{FV}{frame}[none]{%
+ \@ifundefined{FV@Frame@#1}%
+ {\FV@Error{Frame style `#1' not defined.}\FV@eha}%
+ {\@nameuse{FV@Frame@#1}}}
+
+\fvset{frame=none}
+
+% Code line numbers:
+
+\newcounter{FancyVerbLine}
+
+\define@key{FV}{firstnumber}[auto]{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}\def\@tempb{auto}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
+ \def\FV@SetLineNo{%
+ \c@FancyVerbLine\FV@CodeLineNo
+ \advance\c@FancyVerbLine\m@ne}%
+ \else
+ \def\@tempb{last}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
+ \let\FV@SetLineNo\relax
+ \else
+ \def\FV@SetLineNo{\c@FancyVerbLine#1}%
+ \fi
+ \fi}
+
+\def\FV@StepLineNo{%
+ \FV@SetLineNo
+ \def\FV@StepLineNo{\refstepcounter{FancyVerbLine}}%
+ \FV@StepLineNo}
+
+\def\theFancyVerbLine{\rmfamily\tiny\arabic{FancyVerbLine}}
+
+\define@key{FV}{numbers}[none]{%
+ \@ifundefined{FV@Numbers@#1}%
+ {\FV@Error{Numbers style `#1' not defined.}\FV@eha}%
+ {\@nameuse{FV@Numbers@#1}}}
+
+\def\FV@Numbers@none{\let\FV@LeftListNumber\relax}
+\def\FV@Numbers@left{%
+ \def\FV@LeftListNumber{\hbox to\z@{%
+ \hss\theFancyVerbLine\kern\FV@NumberSep}}}
+
+\define@key{FV}{numbersep}{%
+ \@tempdima=#1\relax
+ \edef\FV@NumberSep{\number\@tempdima sp\relax}}
+
+\fvset{numbers=none,numbersep=12pt,firstnumber=auto}
+
+%% BVERBATIM:
+
+\def\FV@BVerbatimBegin{%
+ \begingroup
+ \FV@UseKeyValues
+ \FV@BeginVBox
+ \let\FV@ProcessLine\FV@BProcessLine
+ \FV@FormattingPrep
+ \FV@ObeyTabsInit}%
+\def\FV@BVerbatimEnd{\FV@EndVBox\endgroup}
+
+\def\FV@BeginVBox{%
+ \leavevmode
+ \hbox\ifx\FV@boxwidth\relax\else to\FV@boxwidth\fi\bgroup
+ \ifcase\FV@baseline\vbox\or\vtop\or$\vcenter\fi\bgroup}
+\def\FV@EndVBox{\egroup\ifmmode$\fi\hfil\egroup}
+
+\define@key{FV}{boxwidth}{%
+ \def\@tempa{#1}\def\@tempb{auto}%
+ \ifx\@tempa\@tempb
+ \let\FV@boxwidth\relax
+ \else
+ \@tempdima=#1\relax
+ \edef\FV@boxwidth{\number\@tempdima sp}%
+ \fi}
+\def\KV@FV@boxwidth@default{\let\FV@boxwidth\relax}
+
+\define@key{FV}{baseline}{%
+ \if t#1\@empty\let\FV@baseline\@ne\else
+ \if c#1\@empty\let\FV@baseline\tw@\else\let\FV@baseline\z@\fi
+ \fi}
+
+\fvset{baseline=b,boxwidth}
+
+\def\FV@BProcessLine#1{\hbox{\FancyVerbFormatLine{#1}}}
+
+\def\FVB@BVerbatim{\FV@BVerbatimBegin\FV@Scan}
+\def\FVE@BVerbatim{\FV@BVerbatimEnd}
+
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{BVerbatim}{BVerbatim}{}
+
+\def\FV@BUseVerbatim#1{\FV@BVerbatimBegin#1\FV@BVerbatimEnd}
+
+\def\BVerbatimInput{\FV@Command{}{BVerbatimInput}}
+\def\FVC@BVerbatimInput#1{\FV@BUseVerbatim{\FV@Input{#1}}}
+
+%% SAVE VERBATIM:
+
+\def\SaveVerbatim{\FV@Environment{}{SaveVerbatim}}
+
+\def\FVB@SaveVerbatim#1{%
+ \@bsphack
+ \begingroup
+ \FV@UseKeyValues
+ \def\SaveVerbatim@Name{#1}%
+ \gdef\FV@TheVerbatim{}%
+ \def\FV@ProcessLine##1{%
+ \expandafter\gdef\expandafter\FV@TheVerbatim\expandafter{%
+ \FV@TheVerbatim\FV@ProcessLine{##1}}}%
+ \gdef\FV@TheVerbatim{}%
+ \FV@Scan}
+\def\FVE@SaveVerbatim{%
+ \expandafter\global\expandafter\let
+ \csname FV@SV@\SaveVerbatim@Name\endcsname\FV@TheVerbatim
+ \endgroup\@esphack}
+
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{SaveVerbatim}{SaveVerbatim}{}
+
+\def\FV@CheckIfSaved#1#2{%
+ \@ifundefined{FV@SV@#1}%
+ {\FV@Error{No verbatim text has been saved under name `#1'}\FV@eha}%
+ {#2{\csname FV@SV@#1\endcsname}}}
+
+\def\UseVerbatim{\FV@Command{}{UseVerbatim}}
+\def\FVC@UseVerbatim#1{\FV@CheckIfSaved{#1}{\FV@UseVerbatim}}
+
+\def\LUseVerbatim{\FV@Command{}{LUseVerbatim}}
+\def\FVC@LUseVerbatim#1{\FV@CheckIfSaved{#1}{\FV@LUseVerbatim}}
+
+\def\BUseVerbatim{\FV@Command{}{BUseVerbatim}}
+\def\FVC@BUseVerbatim#1{\FV@CheckIfSaved{#1}{\FV@BUseVerbatim}}
+
+
+% VERBATIM OUT:
+
+\newwrite\FV@OutFile
+
+\def\VerbatimOut{\FV@Environment{}{VerbatimOut}}
+
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{VerbatimOut}{VerbatimOut}{}
+
+\def\FV@DefineTabOut{%
+ \def\FV@Tab{}%
+ \@tempcnta=\FancyVerbTabSize\relax
+ \loop\ifnum\@tempcnta>\z@
+ \edef\FV@Tab{\FV@Tab\space}%
+ \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne
+ \repeat}
+
+%% SHORT VERBATIM:
+
+% \SaveVerb
+%
+% Note "\outer\def^^M{}". This is so that verbatim commands report an
+% error when encountering an end-of-line, rather than scanning to
+% the end of the file each time there is a missing verbatim delimiter.
+%
+% If scanning fails (and thus TeX ignores \FV@GetVerb), #1 is defined
+% to be empty, a group is ended, but \FancyVerbAfterSave is not invoked.
+
+\def\SaveVerb{\FV@Command{}{SaveVerb}}
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\^^M=\active%
+\gdef\FVC@SaveVerb#1#2{%
+ \@namedef{FV@SV@#1}{}%
+ \begingroup%
+ \FV@UseKeyValues%
+ \FV@CatCodes%
+ \outer\def^^M{\FV@EOL}%
+ \global\let\@tempg\FancyVerbAfterSave%
+ \catcode`#2=12%
+ \def\@tempa{\def\FancyVerbGetVerb####1####2}%
+ \expandafter\@tempa\string#2{\endgroup\@namedef{FV@SV@#1}{##2}\@tempg}%
+ \FancyVerbGetVerb\FV@EOL}%
+\endgroup
+
+\def\FV@EOL{%
+ \endgroup
+ \FV@Error%
+ {Could not find the end delimiter of a short verb command}%
+ {You probably just forget the end delimiter of a \string\Verb\space or
+ \string\SaveVerb^^J%
+ command, or you broke the literal text across input lines.^^J%
+ Hit <return> to procede.}}
+
+\define@key{FV}{aftersave}{\def\FancyVerbAfterSave{#1}}
+\fvset{aftersave=}
+
+\def\FV@UseVerb#1{\mbox{\FV@UseKeyValues\FV@FormattingPrep#1}}
+
+\def\UseVerb{\FV@Command{}{UseVerb}}
+\def\FVC@UseVerb#1{%
+ \@ifundefined{FV@SV@#1}%
+ {\FV@Error{Short verbatim text never saved to name `#1'}\FV@eha}%
+ {\FV@UseVerb{\@nameuse{FV@SV@#1}}}}
+
+\def\Verb{\FV@Command{}{Verb}}
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\^^M=\active%
+\gdef\FVC@Verb#1{%
+ \begingroup%
+ \FV@UseKeyValues%
+ \FV@FormattingPrep%
+ \FV@CatCodes%
+ \outer\def^^M{}%
+ \catcode`#1=12%
+ \def\@tempa{\def\FancyVerbGetVerb####1####2}%
+ \expandafter\@tempa\string#1{\mbox{##2}\endgroup}%
+ \FancyVerbGetVerb\FV@EOL}%
+\endgroup
+
+\def\DefineShortVerb{\FV@Command{}{DefineShortVerb}}
+\def\FVC@DefineShortVerb#1{%
+ \@ifundefined{FV@CC@\string#1}%
+ {\FVC@@DefineShortVerb#1}%
+ {\FV@Error{`\expandafter\@gobble\string#1' is already a short
+ verb character.}\FV@eha}}
+
+\def\FVC@@DefineShortVerb#1{%
+ \begingroup
+ \lccode`\~=`#1%
+ \lowercase{\gdef\@tempg{\edef~}\global\let\@temph~}%
+ \endgroup
+ \expandafter\let\csname FV@AC@\string#1\endcsname\@temph
+ \expandafter\edef\csname FV@CC@\string#1\endcsname{\the\catcode`#1}%
+ \expandafter\let\csname FV@KV@\string#1\endcsname\FV@KeyValues
+ \@tempg{%
+ \let\noexpand\FV@KeyValues\expandafter\noexpand
+ \csname FV@KV@\string#1\endcsname
+ \noexpand\FVC@Verb\expandafter\@gobble\string#1}%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\dospecials\expandafter{\dospecials\do#1}%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\@sanitize\expandafter{\@sanitize\@makeother#1}%
+ \catcode`#1=\active}%
+
+\def\UndefineShortVerb#1{%
+ \@ifundefined{FV@CC@\string#1}%
+ {\FV@Error{`\expandafter\@gobble\string#1' is not a short
+ verb character}\FV@eha}%
+ {\FV@UndefineShortVerb#1}}
+\def\FV@UndefineShortVerb#1{%
+ \catcode`#1=\csname FV@CC@\string#1\endcsname
+ \begingroup
+ \lccode`\~=`#1%
+ \lowercase{\gdef\@tempg{\let~}}%
+ \endgroup
+ \expandafter\@tempg\csname FV@AC@\string#1\endcsname
+ \def\@tempa##1\do#1##2\@nil##3\@nil##4\@@nil{##3\def\dospecials{##1##2}\fi}%
+ \expandafter\@tempa\dospecials\@nil\iftrue\@nil\do#1\@nil\iffalse\@nil\@@nil
+ \def\@tempa##1\@makeother#1##2\@nil##3\@nil##4\@@nil{%
+ ##3\def\@sanitize{##1##2}\fi}%
+ \expandafter\@tempa\@sanitize\@nil\iftrue\@nil\do#1\@nil\iffalse\@nil\@@nil}
+
+% Moving verbatim. Need to worry about about using separate identifier
+% for this class of verbatim, and
+
+\def\SaveMVerb{\FV@Command{}{SaveMVerb}}
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\^^M=\active%
+\gdef\FVC@SaveMVerb#1#2{%
+ \@ifundefined{FV@SVM@#1}{}%
+ {\FV@Error{Moving verbatim name `#1' already used}%
+ {I will overwrite the old definition. Hit <return> to continue.}}%
+ \global\@namedef{FV@SVM@#1}{}%
+ \begingroup%
+ \let\FV@SavedKeyValues\FV@KeyValues%
+ \FV@UseKeyValues%
+ \FV@CatCodes%
+ \outer\def^^M{}%
+ \global\let\@tempg\FancyVerbAfterSave%
+ \catcode`#2=12%
+ \def\@tempa{\def\FancyVerbGetVerb####1####2}%
+ \expandafter\@tempa\string#2{%
+ \if@filesw
+ \FV@DefineWhiteSpace%
+ \let\FV@Space\space%
+ \let\FV@Tab\space%
+ \FV@MakeUnActive%
+ \let\protect\string
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{%
+ \noexpand\SaveGVerb[\FV@SavedKeyValues]{#1}\string#2##2\string#2}%
+ \fi
+ \endgroup%
+ \@namedef{FV@SV@#1}{##2}%
+ \@tempg}%
+ \FancyVerbGetVerb\FV@EOL}%
+\endgroup
+
+\def\SaveGVerb{\FV@Command{}{SaveGVerb}}
+
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\^^M=\active%
+\gdef\FVC@SaveGVerb#1#2{%
+ \global\@namedef{FV@SVG@#1}{}%
+ \begingroup%
+ \FV@UseKeyValues%
+ \FV@CatCodes%
+ \outer\def^^M{}%
+ \catcode`#2=12%
+ \def\@tempa{\def\FancyVerbGetVerb####1####2}%
+ \expandafter\@tempa\string#2{\endgroup\global\@namedef{FV@SVG@#1}{##2}}%
+ \FancyVerbGetVerb\FV@EOL}%
+\endgroup
+
+\def\UseMVerb{\protect\pUseMVerb}
+
+\def\pUseMVerb{\FV@Command{}{pUseMVerb}}
+
+\def\FVC@pUseMVerb#1{%
+ \expandafter\ifx \csname FV@SVM@#1\endcsname\relax
+ \expandafter\ifx \csname FV@SVG@#1\endcsname\relax
+ \@warning{Moving verbatim text not defined for name `#1'}\FV@eha
+ {\bf ??}%
+ \else
+ \FV@UseVerb{\@nameuse{FV@SVG@#1}}%
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \FV@UseVerb{\@nameuse{FV@SVM@#1}}%
+ \fi}
+
+\expandafter\ifx\csname documentclass\endcsname\relax
+
+ \def\lrbox#1{%
+ \edef\@tempa{%
+ \endgroup
+ \setbox#1\hbox{%
+ \begingroup\aftergroup}%
+ \def\noexpand\@currenvir{\@currenvir}}%
+ %\def\noexpand\@currenvline{\on@line}}%
+ \@tempa
+ \@endpefalse
+ \bgroup
+ \ignorespaces}
+ \def\endlrbox{\unskip\egroup}
+
+\fi
+
+\@input{fancyvrb.rc}
+
+\endinput
+\define@key{FV}{noligs}{%
+ \def\FV@ActiveLigs{}%
+ \def\FV@DefineLigs{}%
+ \@tfor\@tempa:=#1\do{%
+ {\lccode`\~=`#1\relax\lowercase{\gdef\@tempg{~}}}%
+ \expandafter\FV@addtonoligs\@tempg}}
+\def\FV@addtonoligs#1{%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\FV@ActiveLigs\expandafter{%
+ \FV@ActiveLigs\catcode`#1=\active}%
+ \expandafter\def\expandafter\FV@DefineLigs\expandafter{%
+ \FV@DefineLigs\edef#1{{\string#1}}}}
+
+%\fvset{noligs={>,-}}
+%\fvset{suppressligs=\>}
+%\fvset{suppressligs=\<}
+
+%% END fancyvrb.sty
+
+Error messages to void:
+
+\FV@CheckBadBegin
+\FV@CheckBadEnd
+
+
+
+\def\FV@Error#1#2{%
+ \edef\@tempc{#2}\expandafter\errhelp\expandafter{\@tempc}%
+ \typeout{%
+ ^^J** FancyVerb Error:\space\space
+ Type \space H <return> \space for immediate help. **}%
+ \errmessage{#1^^J}}
+
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.bbl b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.bbl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d49845d99f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.bbl
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+\begin{thebibliography}{10}
+
+\bibitem{adobe1990ps}
+{Adobe Systems, Inc}.
+\newblock {\em PostScript Language Reference Manual, Second Edition}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, 1990.
+
+\bibitem{adobe1995frame}
+{Adobe Systems, Inc}.
+\newblock {\em Using FrameMaker+SGML}.
+\newblock Adobe Systems, Inc., 1995.
+
+\bibitem{apple1996quickdraw}
+{Apple Computer, Inc}.
+\newblock {\em Quickdraw GX}.
+\newblock 1996.
+\newblock available as \url{http://support.info.apple.com/gx/gx.html}.
+
+\bibitem{brooks1991lilac}
+Kenneth~P. Brooks.
+\newblock Lilac: a two-view document editor.
+\newblock {\em IEEE Computer}, pages 7--19, 1991.
+
+\bibitem{ettrich1996lyx}
+Matthias Ettrich.
+\newblock {\em Lyx}.
+\newblock 1996.
+\newblock available as
+ \url{http://www-ti.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~ettrich/}.
+
+\bibitem{foxley1987music}
+Eric Foxley.
+\newblock Music --- a language for typesetting music scores.
+\newblock {\em Software---Practice and Experience}, 17:485--502, 1987.
+
+\bibitem{furuta1982survey}
+Richard Furuta, Jeffrey Scofield, and Alan Shaw.
+\newblock Document formatting systems: survey, concepts, and issues.
+\newblock {\em Computing Surveys}, 14:417--472, 1982.
+
+\bibitem{goldfarb1990sgml}
+Charles~F. Goldfarb.
+\newblock {\em The SGML Handbook}.
+\newblock Oxford University Press, 1990.
+\newblock ISBN 0-19-853737-9.
+
+\bibitem{goldfarb1991hytime}
+Charles~F. Goldfarb.
+\newblock Hytime: a standard for structured hypermedia interchange.
+\newblock {\em IEEE Computer}, 24:81--84, 1991.
+
+\bibitem{interleaf1996}
+{Interleaf, Inc}.
+\newblock {\em Interleaf 6 for Motif: next generation document creation,
+ composition and assembly}.
+\newblock 1996.
+\newblock available as \url{http://www.interleaf.com/i6motifds.html}.
+
+\bibitem{kernighan1982pic}
+Brian~W. Kernighan.
+\newblock Pic --- a language for typesetting graphics.
+\newblock {\em Software--Practice and Experience}, 12:1--21, 1982.
+
+\bibitem{kernighan1989retro}
+Brian~W. Kernighan.
+\newblock The unix system document preparation tools: a retrospective.
+\newblock {\em AT\&T Technical Journal}, 68:5--20, 1989.
+
+\bibitem{kingston1993lout.design}
+Jeffrey~H. Kingston.
+\newblock The design and implementation of the lout document formatting
+ language.
+\newblock {\em Software--Practice and Experience}, 23:1001--1041, 1993.
+
+\bibitem{kingston1995lout.program}
+Jeffrey~H. Kingston.
+\newblock {\em The Lout Document Formatting System (Version 3)}.
+\newblock 1995.
+\newblock available as \url{ftp://ftp.cs.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout/}.
+
+\bibitem{knuth1981bpl}
+D.~E. Knuth and M.~E. Plass.
+\newblock Breaking paragraphs into lines.
+\newblock {\em Software--Practice and Experience}, 11:1119--1184, 1981.
+
+\bibitem{knuth1984tex}
+Donald~E. Knuth.
+\newblock {\em The {\TeX}Book}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, 1984.
+
+\bibitem{krishnamurthy1995unix}
+Balachander Krishnamurthy, editor.
+\newblock {\em Practical Reusable UNIX Software}.
+\newblock John Wiley, 1995.
+
+\bibitem{lamport1986latex}
+Leslie Lamport.
+\newblock {\em \LaTeX\ User's Guide and Reference Manual}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, 1986.
+
+\bibitem{microsoft1996word}
+{Microsoft, Inc.}
+\newblock {\em Microsoft Word}.
+\newblock Microsoft, Inc., 1996.
+\newblock available as \url{http://www.microsoft.com/msword/}.
+
+\bibitem{ossanna1976troff}
+Joseph~F. Ossanna.
+\newblock ``nroff/troff'' user's manual.
+\newblock Technical Report~54, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, 1976.
+
+\bibitem{plass1981}
+Michael~F. Plass.
+\newblock {\em Optimal pagination techniques for automatic typesetting
+ systems}.
+\newblock PhD thesis, Stanford, CA, 1981.
+
+\bibitem{reid1980scribe}
+Brian~K. Reid.
+\newblock A high-level approach to computer document production.
+\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on the Principles of
+ Programming Languages (POPL), Las Vegas NV}, pages 24--31, 1980.
+
+\bibitem{winston1992}
+P.~H. Winston.
+\newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, third edition edition, 1992.
+
+\bibitem{vanwyk1980}
+Christopher J.~Van Wyk.
+\newblock {\em A language for typesetting graphics}.
+\newblock PhD thesis, Stanford, CA, 1980.
+
+\end{thebibliography}
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.bib b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5d9b7b764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+@string{SPE="Software--Practice and Experience"}
+
+@Book{knuth1984tex,
+ Author={Donald E. Knuth },
+ title={The {\TeX}Book },
+ publisher={Addison-Wesley },
+ year={1984 }
+}
+@Book{adobe1990ps,
+ key={Adobe},
+ author={{Adobe Systems, Inc}},
+ title={PostScript Language Reference Manual, Second Edition },
+ publisher={Addison-Wesley },
+ year={1990 }
+}
+@Book{adobe1995frame,
+ author={{Adobe Systems, Inc}},
+ title={Using FrameMaker+SGML },
+ publisher={Adobe Systems, Inc. },
+ year={1995 }
+}
+@book{interleaf1996,
+ author={{Interleaf, Inc}},
+ title={Interleaf 6 for Motif: next generation document
+creation, composition and assembly },
+ note={available as \url{http://www.interleaf.com/i6motifds.html}},
+ year={1996 }
+}
+@techreport{ossanna1976troff,
+ author={Joseph F. Ossanna },
+ title={``Nroff/Troff'' User's Manual },
+ number={54 },
+ institution={Bell Laboratories },
+ address={Murray Hill, NJ 07974 },
+ year={1976 }
+}
+@article{kernighan1982pic,
+ author={Brian W. Kernighan },
+ title={PIC --- A language for typesetting graphics },
+ Journal=SPE,
+ Volume={12 },
+ Pages={1--21 },
+ year={1982 }
+}
+@book{kingston1995lout.program,
+ author={Jeffrey H. Kingston },
+ title={The Lout Document Formatting System (Version 3) },
+ year={1995 },
+ note={available as \url{ftp://ftp.cs.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout/}}
+}
+@book{kingston1995lout.expert,
+ author={Jeffrey H. Kingston },
+ title={An Expert's Guide to the Lout Document Formatting
+System (Version 3) },
+ institution={Basser Department of Computer Science },
+ address={University of Sydney },
+ year={1995 }
+}
+@book{kingston1995lout.user,
+ author={Jeffrey H. Kingston },
+ title={A User's Guide to the Lout Document Formatting
+System (Version 3) },
+ institution={Basser Department of Computer Science },
+ address={University of Sydney },
+ year={1995 }
+}
+
+@inproceedings{reid1980scribe,
+ Author={ Brian K. Reid },
+ Title={ A High-Level Approach to Computer Document Production },
+ booktitle={ Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on the Principles
+of Programming Languages (POPL), Las Vegas NV },
+ Pages={ 24--31 },
+ Year={ 1980 }
+}
+
+@article{kingston1993lout.design,
+ author={Jeffrey H. Kingston },
+ title={The design and implementation of the Lout document
+formatting language },
+ journal=SPE,
+ volume={23 },
+ pages= {1001--1041 },
+ year={1993 }
+}
+
+
+
+@article{brooks1991lilac,
+ author={Kenneth P. Brooks },
+ title={Lilac: a two-view document editor },
+ journal={IEEE Computer },
+ pages= {7--19 },
+ year={1991 }
+}
+
+@article{furuta1982survey,
+ author={Richard Furuta and Jeffrey Scofield and Alan Shaw },
+ title={Document formatting systems: survey,
+concepts, and issues },
+ journal={Computing Surveys },
+ volume={14 },
+ pages= {417--472 },
+ year={1982 }
+}
+
+
+@book{lamport1986latex,
+ author={Leslie Lamport },
+ title={\LaTeX\ User's Guide and Reference Manual },
+ publisher={Addison-Wesley },
+ year={1986 }
+}
+
+@article{witten1982traps,
+ author={I. H. Witten and M. Bonham and E. Strong },
+ title={On the power of traps and diversions in a
+document preparation language },
+ journal=SPE,
+ volume={12 },
+ pages= {1119--1131 },
+ year={1991 }
+}
+
+@article{foxley1987music,
+ author={Eric Foxley },
+ title={Music --- a language for typesetting music scores },
+ journal={Software---Practice and Experience },
+ volume={17 },
+ pages= {485--502 },
+ year={1987 }
+}
+
+@phdthesis{vanwyk1980,
+ author={Christopher J. Van Wyk },
+ title={A language for typesetting graphics },
+ number={STAN-CS-80-803 },
+ institution={Stanford University },
+ address={Stanford, CA },
+ year={1980 }
+}
+
+@book{microsoft1996word,
+ author={{Microsoft, Inc.}},
+ title={Microsoft Word },
+ note={available as \url{http://www.microsoft.com/msword/}},
+ publisher={Microsoft, Inc. },
+ year={1996 }
+}
+
+@book{ettrich1996lyx,
+ author={Matthias Ettrich },
+ title={Lyx },
+ note={available as
+\url{http://www-ti.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~ettrich/}},
+ year={1996 }
+}
+
+
+
+@article{knuth1981bpl,
+ author={D. E. Knuth and M. E. Plass },
+ title={Breaking paragraphs into lines },
+ journal=SPE,
+ volume={11 },
+ pages= {1119--1184 },
+ year={1981 }
+}
+
+@phdthesis{plass1981,
+ author={Michael F. Plass },
+ title={Optimal pagination techniques for automatic typesetting
+systems },
+ publisher={Computer Science Department, Stanford University },
+ address={Stanford, CA },
+ year={1981 }
+}
+
+@book{winston1992,
+ author={P. H. Winston },
+ title={Artificial Intelligence },
+ edition= {Third Edition },
+ publisher={Addison-Wesley },
+ year={1992 }
+}
+
+@book{apple1996quickdraw,
+ author={{Apple Computer, Inc}},
+ title={Quickdraw GX },
+ note={available as \url{http://support.info.apple.com/gx/gx.html}},
+ year={1996 }
+}
+
+@article{goldfarb1991hytime,
+ author={Charles F. Goldfarb },
+ title={HyTime: a standard for structured hypermedia interchange },
+ journal={IEEE Computer },
+ year={1991 },
+ volume={24 },
+ pages= {81--84 }
+}
+
+@book{goldfarb1990sgml,
+ author={Charles F. Goldfarb },
+ title={The SGML Handbook },
+ publisher={Oxford University Press },
+ year={1990 },
+ Note={ISBN 0-19-853737-9 }
+}
+
+@article{kernighan1989retro,
+ author={Brian W. Kernighan },
+ title={The UNIX system document preparation tools: a retrospective },
+ journal={AT\&T Technical Journal },
+ volume={68 },
+ year={1989 },
+ pages= {5--20 }
+}
+
+
+
+@book{krishnamurthy1995unix,
+ key={Krishnamurthy},
+ editor={Balachander Krishnamurthy},
+ title={Practical Reusable UNIX Software },
+ publisher={John Wiley },
+ year={1995 }
+} \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abee52f059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lout.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+\title{The Future of Document Formatting (Working Paper)}
+
+\begin{Article}
+
+\section{Abstract}
+Document formatting systems have reached a plateau. Although existing
+systems are being steadily enhanced, the next major step forward will
+require a union of the best features of batch formatters, interactive
+document editors, and page description languages. This paper draws
+on its author's twelve years of experience designing, implementing,
+and enhancing the Lout document formatting system to identify the
+remaining problems in document formatting and explore some possible
+solutions.
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+Document formatting is one of the most widespread applications of
+computers. Improvements in document formatting software and the
+hardware on which it is based have revolutionized the production
+of documents and enlarged our conception of what a document might be.
+
+Any attempt at this point to define `document' would run a risk of
+being overtaken by events; already documents commonly include moving
+images, sound, and dynamic updating as their sources of information
+change in real time. It is perhaps safe to say that a document
+is information arranged for presentation to a person; the information may
+be called the \emph{content}, and the arrangement its \emph{layout}. Document
+formatting is essentially about mapping content to layout, although functions
+that do not exactly fit this definition, such as spelling and grammar
+checking, or even creation and editing of content, are often found in
+document formatting systems.
+
+Document formatting systems fall into two camps. In one camp are
+the interactive document editors, ranging from word processing systems
+such as Microsoft Word~\cite {microsoft1996word} up to desktop
+publishing systems such as FrameMaker~\cite {adobe1995frame} and
+Interleaf~\cite {interleaf1996}. These offer an editable screen image
+of the document layout. In the other camp are the batch formatters, such as
+troff~\cite {ossanna1976troff}, Scribe~\cite {reid1980scribe},
+\TeX~\cite {knuth1984tex}, and Lout~\cite {kingston1995lout.program},
+which process text files with embedded markup to produce non-editable
+layout. In this paper the above names will stand for the entire
+software family; \TeX\ includes \LaTeX~\cite {lamport1986latex},
+FrameMaker includes FrameMaker+SGML, and so on. Somewhere in between
+are the hypertext~\cite {goldfarb1991hytime} net browsers, based on
+HTML, which are primitive batch formatters offering limited interactivity
+such as the ability to click on a hyperlink or fill in a form.
+
+All of these systems are being actively enhanced by their developers,
+with new versions appearing regularly. For example, FrameMaker and
+Interleaf have responded to the World-Wide Web phenomenon by adding
+support for SGML~\cite {goldfarb1990sgml} and HTML. Nevertheless,
+viewed from a wider perspective, they all appear to have reached a plateau,
+in the sense that each has fundamental limitations that are not
+likely to be overcome. For example, troff, \TeX\ and Lout are batch
+formatters% (except for Lyx~\cite {ettrich1996lyx})
+and are not likely to become interactive; FrameMaker and Interleaf
+are not as extensible as the batch formatters and, again, are not
+likely to become so.
+
+One frequently hears arguments for or against these systems, but the
+truth is that none of them is ideal yet all have something to offer
+to the future of document formatting. What is needed now is a
+synthesis of the best features of all of these systems.
+
+Papers which reflect on document formatting seem to be very rare. The
+survey paper by Furuta, Scofield and Shaw~\cite {furuta1982survey}
+is still well worth reading; Kernighan~\cite {kernighan1989retro}
+reflects on the troff family; this author has described the design
+and implementation of Lout~\cite {kingston1993lout.design}. But for
+the most part one has to infer principles from the systems themselves,
+and to look among the specialized applications such as music
+formatting~\cite {foxley1987music}, graph
+drawing \cite {kernighan1982pic, vanwyk1980, krishnamurthy1995unix},
+or non-European languages for requirements.
+
+This paper draws on its author's twelve years of experience in
+designing, implementing, and enhancing the Lout document formatting
+system, plus his more limited experience of the systems mentioned
+above, to identify a set of requirements for a document formatting
+system that would be a significant advance on all current systems, and
+to explore their interactions.
+
+
+\section{Requirements}
+
+
+This section identifies the most significant requirements for a document
+formatting system. Efficiency in space will cease to be a requirement
+in the next few years. Efficiency in time is of course essential, as
+are other requirements that apply to any large software system, such
+as robustness, openness, and an interface that permits users of varying
+levels of expertise to work productively.
+
+The other requirements are editability, extensibility, generality, and
+optimality. Each of these requirements is discussed in turn in the sections
+that follow, together with problems that it presents either alone
+or in conjunction with previous requirements.
+
+It is not possible to prove that this list of requirements is complete, but
+the author has carefully compared it against the features of most of the
+document formatting systems listed earlier. The only major omission has
+been the convenience features commonly found in interactive systems,
+such as spelling and grammar checkers, input and output in a variety of
+data formats, version control, and so on. These are valuable features,
+but they have little to do with document formatting in the core sense
+of mapping content to layout.
+
+
+\subsection{Editability}
+
+
+Editability, the ability to edit content while viewing layout, is the
+strong suit of word processing and desktop publishing systems. Fairly
+or not fairly, many users will not accept batch formatting. Also, the
+batch formatting edit-format-view cycle is too slow when the
+layout rule is `what pleases the eye,' such as in diagrams, or when
+content must be altered to achieve a good layout, for example in
+paragraphs containing long unbreakable inline equations.
+
+Interactive interfaces also have an advantage when the logical structure
+does not follow a tree pattern. A good example is the editing of
+graphs (the combinatorial kind). Users of an interactive system can
+click on any pair of nodes to indicate that they are to be joined by
+an edge. In a batch system, because the structure is not tree-like,
+it is necessary for the user to invent names for the nodes and use the
+names when creating edges, which is considerably more error-prone. By
+contrast, equations do follow a tree pattern and so there is never any
+need to attach names to subexpressions.
+
+Critics of interactive systems typically complain about the lack
+of content structure in interactive editors, and also about their
+weakness as editors compared with good text editors. Neither problem
+would seem to be inherent, and in fact recent versions of high-end
+document editors (FrameMaker+SGML for example) are addressing the
+content structure problem.
+
+Openness to such auxiliary applications as free-text search and
+retrieval and creation of documents by computer programs requires
+that an archive format based on marked-up text be included in any
+interactive system. It only takes a little care to make such a
+format readable by humans. Thus an interactive system is automatically
+also a batch system.
+
+
+\subsection{Extensibility}
+
+
+Extensibility in a document formatting system means the easy addition
+of new features. It is the strong suit of batch formatters. For
+example, this author's Lout system has no built-in knowledge of
+equations, tables, or page layout (not even the concept of a page is
+built-in); these are all added by means of packages of definitions
+written in the Lout language, which is sufficiently high-level to
+make them fairly easy to produce.
+
+Extensibility implies some initial kernel of primitive features upon
+which the extensions are built. These would include horizontal and
+vertical stacking, rotation, and so on. The most interesting such
+feature is the mechanism for getting floating figures and footnotes
+into their places: diversions and traps in troff, floating insertions
+in \TeX, galleys in Lout. There must also be ways of combining and
+packaging the primitives into features useful to the end user.
+
+Although a system not built on such a kernel is conceivable, it seems
+scarcely possible to this author that such a system could supply all
+the features demanded by end users. The list is so vast -- equations,
+tables, graphs, chemical molecules, music, and so on -- that some
+kind of high-level kernel language seems essential to achieving them
+in any reasonable time and with any consistency, just as high-level
+programming languages are essential to large software projects.
+
+Typography generates requirements for many features, such as hyphenation,
+spacing and kerning, ligatures, and so on. A document formatting system
+must produce good typography, because end users cannot be expected to
+do it themselves. Many of these features are dependent on the current
+language, and many English or European-oriented systems have failed to
+be extensible to the typography of languages outside that sphere. A good
+source of features needed in world-wide typography is Apple Computer's
+QuickDraw GX~\cite {apple1996quickdraw}, although their approach of
+implementing the features in C is relatively non-extensible since it
+requires recompilation.
+
+When an interactive system is extended with a new feature, it must be
+possible to continue editing in its vicinity.
+
+Ultimately, the layout of a document is a function of its content, so we
+may identify features with functions. In extreme cases, such as optimal
+layout, a function may take the entire document as its parameter; but
+usually it has small, clearly delimited parameters as in
+\[\mathit{ built\_up\_fraction(numerator, denominator)}\]
+There may also be implicit parameters inherited from the context, such
+as the current font size.
+
+It is quite reasonable to insist that within any editing session the
+collection of features be immutable. Thus it is not essential to be
+able to edit the definition of any function while viewing any
+layout. In some cases, such as simple abbreviations, editing of
+definitions is quite simple and could easily be supported. But more
+complex functions, such as optimal layout or graph layout, are defined by
+computer programs and so are not amenable to editing in this way.
+
+In a similar vein, it is correct to insist that those parts of the
+layout originating within definitions be immutable. For example, the
+bar in a built-up fraction should not be editable. This does not
+preclude the addition of parameters to $\mathit{ built\_up\_fraction}$ to
+control the appearance of the bar if desired, but to allow the user to
+arbitrarily change the bar would produce a layout whose origin as a
+built-up fraction must be lost.
+
+Thus, editability of features really only means editability of their
+parameters.
+
+The most favourable case occurs when the function displays a parameter
+in a form similar to that which it would have taken if it had been
+entered outside the function. For example, $\mathit{ built\_up\_fraction}$
+displays both its parameters, changing their appearance only slightly
+(by squeezing vertical spacing within them, and possibly changing the
+font size). The user can edit such a parameter as though
+it was not a parameter at all, and so (inductively) can edit parameters
+of parameters and so on without limit. This is essentially how equation
+editors work, and the Lilac system~\cite {brooks1991lilac} has
+demonstrated it in an extensible framework, although using a kernel
+language too incomplete to support the full range of features required
+by users. A function may display a parameter more than once, in
+which case editing one display must change them all.
+
+Preserving editability of displayed parameters is a difficult problem
+when the function is implemented externally to the document editing
+system. For example, if an external graph layout
+program~\cite {krishnamurthy1995unix} is employed,
+the result cannot be returned as a bitmap or PostScript file; rather
+a set of coordinate pairs or something similar is required so that the
+document formatter can place the nodes itself and hence understand
+where they ended up.
+
+It has been suggested that a non-editable result is acceptable in such
+cases if a click in the region it occupies signals the opening of a separate
+editor that does undertand what is going on in that region. This is the
+interactive equivalent of the preprocessor approach used by troff, and
+it has the same drawbacks of lack of consistency, duplication of
+features, and loss of generality (since even if every editor may
+invoke every other editor, the communication channels between them typically
+cannot convey such information as the current font, available space, and
+so on). An architecture based on a single master editor with slave
+non-interactive formatting programs is preferable.
+
+Parameters which are not displayed are a nightmare, and are responsible
+for much of what is ad-hoc in existing interactive systems. Two main
+approaches are in use. The first is the `style sheet' or `dialogue box'
+approach, in which the user who selects a feature with non-displayed
+parameters is presented with a box listing them and asked to supply
+values: a font name, a location to place a figure, a style of
+numbering, or whatever. This is the most general method, easily adapted
+for use in an extensible system. It works particularly well when the
+parameters have sensible default values, for then use of the box is
+optional, and when they have only a small range of possible values, for
+then the values may be displayed in a menu.
+
+Second is the `inference' method. Every parameter has some effect on
+layout, otherwise it would be useless. So the user is offered a means
+of manipulating layout, and the parameter's value is
+inferred from it. For example, most editors permit an included graphic
+to be clipped by clicking on its boundary and moving the mouse; scaling
+and even rotation may be set by such means. Drawing programs allow
+nodes to be dragged about in the drawing area. `Master pages' or
+`template pages,' which allow the user to specify entire page layouts
+involving many parameters simultaneously, demonstrate the value
+of the inference method.
+
+The great drawback of the inference method is that an inference
+interface has to be invented for every non-displayed parameter, and this is
+difficult in an extensible system. However, it should at least be
+possible to implement an inference interface for all suitable non-displayed
+parameters of kernel features, such as the $\mathit{ boundary}$ parameter
+of $\mathit{ clip()}$, and in cases such as
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+\lefteqn{
+ \mathit{define\ user\_level\_feature}(\mathit{\dots,boundary,\dots}) =
+ }\\
+&& \dots \mathit{clip}(\mathit{\dots, boundary, \dots}) \dots
+\end{eqnarray*}
+to propagate this interface upwards from kernel features to user level
+features. Then every user level feature that offers clipping as a
+parameter, for example, will do so in the same way.
+
+
+\subsection{Generality}
+
+
+By generality we will mean the absence of illogical restrictions on the
+use of features, either in the contexts in which they may be used, or
+in the values that may be assigned to their parameters. (These are
+formally the same thing, but the distinction is useful.)
+
+Examples of illogical context restrictions are extremely common in
+document formatting systems. FrameMaker permits objects to be
+rotated in certain contexts (when they are table entries, for example)
+but not others. In troff it is very easy to include an equation within
+a table, but very much harder to include a table in an equation. Not
+all context restrictions are illogical, of course: a chapter should
+not begin within a table, for example.
+
+Lack of context generality takes a severe toll, because it means that
+implementation code, possibly highly sophisticated and with a great deal
+to offer, is locked into a few limited contexts. For example, FrameMaker
+has a very interesting equation editor, but there seems to be no hope
+that its code can be used for such tasks as editing tree diagrams or
+diagrams of chemical molecules, despite the technical similarities
+among these tasks.
+
+Examples of illogical domain restrictions are particularly common among
+geometrical functions. For example, \LaTeX\ will produce lines only at
+certain fixed angles, and most systems only really understand rectangular
+shapes. The PostScript page description language~\cite {adobe1990ps}
+is far ahead of everything else in geometrical
+generality: in PostScript, arbitrary curves (even disconnected ones)
+made of lines, arcs, and Bezier curves may be drawn and filled, and
+arbitrary combinations of rotation, scaling and translation may be
+applied to arbitrarily complex fragments of documents lying within one page.
+
+The abandonment of rectangles in favour of arbitrary shapes would have
+widespread beneficial effects if done in full generality. Text could fill
+arbitrary shapes and run around arbitrary graphics. Fonts could be defined
+(as they are in PostScript) as collections of arbitrary shapes, permitting
+kerning of arbitrary pairs of glyphs, not just glyphs of equal font and
+font size as at present, thus solving the subscript kerning problem. Line
+spacing could reflect the true appearance of lines, not be crudely based on
+the highest ascender and lowest descender. Optimizations based on bounding
+boxes and caching should be able to solve the efficiency problems.
+
+
+\subsection{Optimality}
+
+
+By optimality is meant the ability to find the best possible layout for
+the given content. An optimal layout is not necessarily a good layout,
+because some documents have no good layout. Optimal layout thus cannot
+remove the burden of rewriting content to achieve good layout, but in
+practice it does greatly reduce that burden, and this is why it is has
+been included.
+
+The idea that layout could be optimal seems to be due to Knuth and
+Plass~\cite {knuth1981bpl}, who presented an algorithm for the optimal
+breaking of a paragraph into lines which is used in Knuth's \TeX\
+system. Research work was done on more general optimality as
+well~\cite {plass1981}, although this author is unsure how much of this
+work was incorporated into \TeX.
+
+Suitably generalized, their paragraph breaking algorithm is as follows. The
+first step is to deduce from the content a sequence of atomic formatting
+steps. For example, the content
+\[\mathit{The\ cat\ sat\ on\ the\ mat}\]
+might have sequence
+\[\begin{array}{l}
+\mathit{create\_empty\_paragraph}\\
+\mathit{add\_word\_to\_paragraph(The)}\\
+\mathit{add\_word\_to\_paragraph(cat)}\\
+\dots
+\end{array}\]
+Every prefix of this sequence should define a legal document in its own
+right; the whole sequence defines the document we wish to format. The
+question as to what constitutes an atomic operation is not of fundamental
+importance; one could choose to add one letter at a time, or an entire
+paragraph.
+
+Define a \emph{badness} function from layouts to integers. Small values
+indicate good layouts, large values indicate poor ones. There are no
+restrictions on how this function is defined, except the practical one
+of being computable in a reasonable time.
+
+Now there will be several ways in which each atomic step may be
+performed. For example,
+$\mathit{ add\_word\_to\_paragraph}$ could add its word to the end of the
+current line, or it could start a new line, or it could even start a
+new page or column. This leads to a tree structure:
+
+\begin{picture}(160,100)
+
+\put(45,40){\framebox(24,12)[l]{\ The}}
+
+\put(105,34){\framebox(22,22){}}
+\put(105,40){\makebox(21,20)[l]{\ The}}
+\put(105,30){\makebox(21,20)[l]{\ cat}}
+
+\put(105,77){\framebox(41,14)[l]{\ The cat}}
+
+
+\put(105,0){\framebox(46,14)[l]{\ The $|$ cat}}
+
+\put(69,52){\vector(1,1){36}}
+\put(69,46){\vector(1,0){36}}
+\put(69,40){\vector(1,-1){36}}
+\end{picture}
+
+\noindent
+Each node is a layout of a partial document, each edge is one atomic
+operation.
+
+The next atomic operation is applied to each leaf node, creating more
+partial documents, and so on until the sequence ends and the leaf
+nodes represent all layouts of the document of interest. The leaf node
+of minimum badness is the optimal layout.
+
+This model can incorporate diverging operation sequences caused by
+layout dependencies. For example, suppose the word \emph{abacus} has an
+index entry attached to it, and that along one path in the tree this
+word appears on page 99, while along another it appears on page
+100. Then, in the sequence of operations defining the index, we will
+find
+%@ID @OneRow lines @Break @Eq {
+\[
+\begin{array}{l}
+\ldots\\
+\mathit{add\_word\_to\_paragraph(abacus)}\\
+\mathit{add\_word\_to\_paragraph(99)}\\
+\ldots
+\end{array}
+\]
+along one path, and
+%@ID @OneRow lines @Break @Eq {
+\[
+\begin{array}{l}
+\ldots\\
+\mathit{add\_word\_to\_paragraph(abacus)}\\
+\mathit{add\_word\_to\_paragraph(100)}\\
+\ldots
+\end{array}
+\]
+along the other. However, forward references create cyclic dependencies
+which cannot be handled in this way. For them, it seems to be necessary to
+add operations which change the value of words that have already been
+laid out, and to propagate the resulting changes until they die out. In
+rare cases this method will cycle forever, but in practice it is probably
+not difficult to avoid this problem using tricks such as refusing to
+allow a revision to reduce the number of lines allocated to a paragraph.
+
+The algorithm as expressed has exponential time complexity. In practice,
+however, the number of different layouts of a document that are close
+enough to optimal to deserve examination is likely to be quite small. The
+challenge, then, is to find ways to prune the layout tree severely while
+retaining enough of it to discover, for example, that setting a sequence
+of paragraphs tight or loose will avoid a bad page break further on. This
+is an area needing detailed research; we can only glance at a few obvious
+possibilities here.
+
+If the badness function is monotone increasing along every operation
+sequence, then a bad node can only have worse successors, and this
+justifies pruning its entire subtree. Monotonicity is not guaranteed
+(for example, adding one word to a paragraph which has a widow word will
+reduce its badness) but it is probable that tricks such as ignoring
+widow words in incomplete paragraphs can bring us near enough to
+monotonicity to justify pruning bad nodes.
+
+One immediate application is to prune nodes whose layouts are obviously
+terrible, such as nodes containing clearly premature line endings or
+page endings. Indeed, it should be possible to avoid even generating
+such nodes.
+
+When it can be established that two nodes are equivalent, in the sense
+that they lay out the same subsequence and their layouts occupy the same
+space, their future careers must be identical and the worst of the two
+may be pruned. The tree structure becomes a graph, and the optimal
+layout algorithm may be viewed as a shortest path algorithm, as described
+by Knuth~\cite {knuth1984tex}.
+
+Establishing the equivalence of two nodes may not be easy. There certainly
+is not time for complex comparisons of all pairs of layouts
+of a given subsequence. Knuth and Plass's
+algorithm recognises that two nodes are equivalent when they lay out
+the same subsequence and the most recent choice on the path to each was
+to start a new line. This same idea may be used to equivalence all
+paths into one at the new-page operation preceding a new chapter.
+
+Another useful idea is to group operations together, find optimal layouts
+for the group separately, then introduce an atomic operation at a higher level
+which represents the entire group. Grouping the operations that define
+one paragraph in this way is very beneficial, for example. In
+isolation, optimal pragraph breaking explores many options, but in the
+end it is likely to return only at most two reasonable distinct results,
+of~$n$ and ${ n+1}$ lines respectively for some~${ n}$, and
+these become the only choices for the atomic $\mathit{add\_paragraph}$
+operation that represents the whole group at the higher level. Furthermore,
+these two results may be cached and used without recalculation on every
+path containing that particular \emph{ add\_paragraph} operation whenever
+the margins have the same width.
+
+With care, suppressing tiny variations introduced by ascenders and descenders
+on letters, the layout tree might be induced to contain only as many paths as
+the difference in the total number of lines between the loosest and
+tightest settings of the paragraphs inserted so far, and over the course of one
+chapter this might be a manageable number. For safety, a fixed upper limit
+could be placed on the number of nodes kept, producing a beam
+search~\cite {winston1992} which would definitely bound the time complexity
+to a fixed multiple of the cost of non-optimal layout, while sacrificing
+guaranteed optimality.
+
+There do not seem to be any extra problems in incorporating optimality
+into an extensible system. Users would certainly welcome options to
+user-level features such as `insert this figure either following the
+current line, or at the top of the next page, whichever looks
+best.' Whether an editable system can offer optimal layout without
+exceeding response time bounds is a matter for further research. There
+should be time to maintain optimality of the current paragraph at least,
+and if the current chapter is set within constant-width margins, it should
+be no more time-consuming to maintain optimal layout in a twenty page chapter
+than it is in a twenty line paragraph, provided the two alternative paragraph
+breaks of each non-current paragraph of the chapter are cached. If the
+cost does prove too great, optimality could be relegated to a button that
+the user can press just before going for coffee.
+
+
+
+
+\section{Conclusion}
+
+
+This paper has demonstrated that a next-generation document formatting
+system, incorporating the best features of current systems in full
+generality, is neither logically inconsistent nor likely to be
+infeasibily slow.
+
+The major design problem is the identification of a suitable kernel
+of primitive features. Given the massive superstructure that this
+kernel will support, its design quality must be of the highest. This
+design was not attempted in this paper, but the author believes that the
+kernel of the Lout document formatting system would make a good starting
+point, although it is too incomplete, insufficiently general, too
+large, and occasionally too imprecisely defined to serve as the kernel
+of a next-generation system as it stands.
+
+The major implementation problem is to find optimizations that preserve
+generality yet achieve the required response time. This paper has
+pointed out optimizations that seem quite likely to be adequate on
+hardware that will be widely available in a few years.
+
+It is also to be hoped that next-generation systems will finally lay to
+rest the language issues that bedevil systems created within an English
+or European language framework. Given sufficiently general primitives,
+this should be an easy matter.
+
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+The author gratefully acknowledges comments on
+the first draft of this paper received from
+Mike Dowling,
+Ted Harding,
+Robert Marsa,
+and
+Basile Starynkevitch.
+
+%\bibliographystyle{plain}
+%\bibliography{lout}
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{10}
+
+\bibitem{adobe1990ps}
+{Adobe Systems, Inc}.
+\newblock {\em PostScript Language Reference Manual, Second Edition}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, 1990.
+
+\bibitem{adobe1995frame}
+{Adobe Systems, Inc}.
+\newblock {\em Using FrameMaker+SGML}.
+\newblock Adobe Systems, Inc., 1995.
+
+\bibitem{apple1996quickdraw}
+{Apple Computer, Inc}.
+\newblock {\em Quickdraw GX}.
+\newblock 1996.
+\newblock Available as \url{http://support.info.apple.com/gx/gx.html}
+
+\bibitem{brooks1991lilac}
+Kenneth~P. Brooks.
+\newblock Lilac: a two-view document editor.
+\newblock {\em IEEE Computer}, pages 7--19, 1991.
+
+%\bibitem{ettrich1996lyx}
+%Matthias Ettrich.
+%\newblock {\em Lyx}.
+%\newblock 1996.
+%\newblock available as
+% \url{http://www-ti.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~ettrich/}.
+
+\bibitem{foxley1987music}
+Eric Foxley.
+\newblock Music --- a language for typesetting music scores.
+\newblock {\em Software---Practice and Experience}, 17:485--502, 1987.
+
+\bibitem{furuta1982survey}
+Richard Furuta, Jeffrey Scofield, and Alan Shaw.
+\newblock Document formatting systems: survey, concepts, and issues.
+\newblock {\em Computing Surveys}, 14:417--472, 1982.
+
+\bibitem{goldfarb1990sgml}
+Charles~F. Goldfarb.
+\newblock {\em The SGML Handbook}.
+\newblock Oxford University Press, 1990.
+\newblock ISBN 0-19-853737-9.
+
+\bibitem{goldfarb1991hytime}
+Charles~F. Goldfarb.
+\newblock Hytime: a standard for structured hypermedia interchange.
+\newblock {\em IEEE Computer}, 24:81--84, 1991.
+
+\bibitem{interleaf1996}
+{Interleaf, Inc}.
+\newblock {\em Interleaf 6 for Motif: next generation document creation,
+ composition and assembly}.
+\newblock 1996.
+\newblock Available as \url{http://www.interleaf.com/i6motifds.html}
+
+\bibitem{kernighan1982pic}
+Brian~W. Kernighan.
+\newblock Pic --- a language for typesetting graphics.
+\newblock {\em Software--Practice and Experience}, 12:1--21, 1982.
+
+\bibitem{kernighan1989retro}
+Brian~W. Kernighan.
+\newblock The unix system document preparation tools: a retrospective.
+\newblock {\em AT\&T Technical Journal}, 68:5--20, 1989.
+
+\bibitem{kingston1993lout.design}
+Jeffrey~H. Kingston.
+\newblock The design and implementation of the lout document formatting
+ language.
+\newblock {\em Software--Practice and Experience}, 23:1001--1041, 1993.
+
+\bibitem{kingston1995lout.program}
+Jeffrey~H. Kingston.
+\newblock {\em The Lout Document Formatting System (Version 3)}.
+\newblock 1995.
+\newblock Available as \url{ftp://ftp.cs.usyd.edu.au/jeff/lout/}
+
+\bibitem{knuth1981bpl}
+D.~E. Knuth and M.~E. Plass.
+\newblock Breaking paragraphs into lines.
+\newblock {\em Software--Practice and Experience}, 11:1119--1184, 1981.
+
+\bibitem{knuth1984tex}
+Donald~E. Knuth.
+\newblock {\em The {\TeX}Book}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, 1984.
+
+\bibitem{krishnamurthy1995unix}
+Balachander Krishnamurthy, editor.
+\newblock {\em Practical Reusable UNIX Software}.
+\newblock John Wiley, 1995.
+
+\bibitem{lamport1986latex}
+Leslie Lamport.
+\newblock {\em \LaTeX\ User's Guide and Reference Manual}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, 1986.
+
+\bibitem{microsoft1996word}
+{Microsoft, Inc.}
+\newblock {\em Microsoft Word}.
+\newblock Microsoft, Inc., 1996.
+\newblock Available as \url{http://www.microsoft.com/msword/}
+
+\bibitem{ossanna1976troff}
+Joseph~F. Ossanna.
+\newblock ``nroff/troff'' user's manual.
+\newblock Technical Report~54, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, 1976.
+
+\bibitem{plass1981}
+Michael~F. Plass.
+\newblock {\em Optimal pagination techniques for automatic typesetting
+ systems}.
+\newblock PhD thesis, Stanford, CA, 1981.
+
+\bibitem{reid1980scribe}
+Brian~K. Reid.
+\newblock A high-level approach to computer document production.
+\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on the Principles of
+ Programming Languages (POPL), Las Vegas NV}, pages 24--31, 1980.
+
+\bibitem{winston1992}
+P.~H. Winston.
+\newblock {\em Artificial Intelligence}.
+\newblock Addison-Wesley, third edition edition, 1992.
+
+\bibitem{vanwyk1980}
+Christopher J.~Van Wyk.
+\newblock {\em A language for typesetting graphics}.
+\newblock PhD thesis, Stanford, CA, 1980.
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+\author{Jeffrey H. Kingston\\
+ \texttt{jeff@cs.usyd.edu.au}}
+%\email{jeff@cs.usyd.edu.au }
+%\address{Basser Department of Computer Science\\
+% The University of Sydney 2006\\
+% Australia}
+
+\end{Article} \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ltour3.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ltour3.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7eeb64a15d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ltour3.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,769 @@
+\newenvironment{filedesc}{%
+ \description
+ \renewcommand\makelabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+ \normalfont\ttfamily ##1}}
+ {\enddescription}
+
+\let\package\textsf % as in \package{longtable} package
+\let\class\textsf
+\def\env#1{\envx#1*\relax}
+\def\envx#1*#2{%
+ \textsf{#1\ifx#2*\raise-.6ex\hbox{*}\fi}}
+
+\makeatletter
+\def\smallv{\def\verbatim@font{\normalfont\ttfamily\small}}
+\makeatother
+
+%\def\PS{\textsc{PostScript}}
+
+\def\CTAN{\FAQverb\/} % CTAN path
+\def\YandY{Y\&Y}
+\def\BVonly#1{#1}
+
+\title{A \LaTeX\ Tour, part 3: mfnfss, psnfss and babel}
+\author{David Carlisle\\\texttt{david@dcarlisle.demon.co.uk}}
+
+\begin{Article}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+This third installment of my tour covers three more distributions that
+are supported via the standard \LaTeX\ bug report mechanism described
+in Part~1.
+
+The \package{mfnfss} distribution provides \LaTeX\ support for some
+popular Metafont produced fonts, that do not otherwise have any
+\LaTeX\ interface.
+
+The \package{psnfss} distribution consists of \LaTeX\ packages giving
+access to \PS\ fonts.
+
+The third distribution in this part of the tour is \package{babel},
+which provides \LaTeX\ with multi-lingual capabilities.
+
+
+\section{The MFNFSS Distribution}
+
+The \package{mfnfss} distribution is something of a `collecting point'
+for files in the distribution that have not got anywhere else to go.
+
+\subsection{Font Packages}
+These packages provide \LaTeX\ interfaces to some publicly available
+fonts. They do \emph{not} provide the fonts themselves, which are
+available from the \verb|fonts| tree in the standard \acro{CTAN}
+archives.
+
+\begin{filedesc}
+
+\item[pandora]
+ The `Pandora' family of fonts designed by Nazneen N. Billawala
+ is an alternative to the standard `Computer Modern' fonts of Knuth.
+ The family consists of a full range of text fonts, including
+ sans-serif and slanted.
+
+\item[oldgerm]
+ The old German fonts designed by
+ Yannis Haralambous. There are three styles of text font,
+ Schwabacher, Fraktur and Gothic. (The terms `Fraktur' and `Gothic'
+ tend to be used interchangeably by English speaking mathematicians
+ such as the present author, but the fonts in this collection have
+ clearly distinguishable styles.)
+
+ There is also a font of `initials', highly ornate uppercase letters,
+ suitable for use as the first letter of a section. If you wish to use
+ this in `drop caps' style you may also want to use one of the
+ contributed packages available on \acro{CTAN} such as \package{drop},
+ or \package{dropping}, that automate the setting of a suitable
+ paragraph shape and inserting the initial letter at the correct
+ size.\footnote{The \texttt{fd} files provided here load the original
+ \texttt{yinit} font. The \acro{CTAN} archives also contain
+ `\texttt{yinitas}', a modified version of this font.}
+
+
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsection{T1 Encoded `Concrete' Fonts}
+
+\textbf{Note:} The following two files require the old release 1.1 of
+ the dc fonts.
+ Walter Schmidt very recently (March 1997) released a test version of
+ a set of `Concrete' fonts based on the new ec font base.
+ The \LaTeX\ support for these new fonts is available from
+ \CTAN{macros/latex/contrib/supported/ccfonts}. Once this
+ release is stable, the following files will probably be removed from
+ the \package{mfnfss} distribution.
+
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[dccr.mf] Metafont source file used by the output files from
+ \verb|dccrstd.tex| to generate Concrete Roman fonts in T1
+ encoding.
+
+\item[dccrstd.tex]
+ \TeX\ file used in the generation of Concrete Roman fonts in T1
+ encoding. It will produce a number of \verb|.mf| files
+ corresponding to Concrete Roman fonts in different sizes. By
+ modifying the table inside this file further Metafont driver
+ files can be generated. The \verb|.fd| files for the Concrete
+ Roman fonts can be produced with \verb|cmextra.ins| which is
+ part of the \LaTeX\ \package{base} distribution.
+
+\end{filedesc}
+
+
+
+\section{The PSNFSS Distribution}
+With the release of \LaTeXe, \LaTeX\ gained inbuilt support for the
+use of alternative font families in documents, and in particular for
+the use of scalable font formats such as Type~1 (\PS) or TrueType.
+
+The collection of packages, coordinated by Sebastian Rahtz, known as
+\package{psnfss} offers convenient interfaces to most of the more
+common font sets.
+
+Most of the files here relate to font files renamed to a consistent
+naming scheme, promoted and maintained by Karl Berry. This encodes the
+font vendor, and details of the font such as its weight, style and
+encoding into a compact name that usually fits in the eight letter
+filenames used by some common filesystems.
+More information about the font naming scheme can be found on
+\acro{CTAN} in \CTAN{info/fontname}. It should be noted however that
+the packages themselves, such as the \package{times} package, do
+\emph{not} depend on any particular font naming convention. \LaTeX\
+isolates packages from the details of the external font files by
+the use of `\texttt{fd}' (Font Descriptor) files which map the
+\LaTeX\ `NFSS' model of fonts to the external font metric files.
+
+In principle, there is no real need for packages to load text fonts
+into \LaTeX. For example, once the font metrics and font descriptor
+files for Times Roman (which is \textsf{ptm} in the Karl Berry Naming
+Scheme) are installed, then one could in principle switch to Times
+Roman in a \LaTeX\ document by simply specifying
+\verb|\fontfamily{ptm}\selectfont|. Normally one would instead want to
+assign the new font to one of the `default' \LaTeX\ families, Roman,
+as used by \verb|\rmfamily|, Sans Serif (\verb|\sffamily|) and
+Typewriter or Monospace (\verb|\ttfamily|).
+
+The support for \PS\ fonts is split into two.
+The \acro{CTAN} \CTAN{fonts/psfonts} area contains material that is
+mainly automatically generated from the Adobe font metric files that
+are distributed with all Type~1 fonts. This includes the font metrics
+themselves, the Font Descriptor files, the `map' files used to make
+fonts known to the dvips driver, and some basic packages to declare
+single fonts to \LaTeX.
+This is supplemented in \CTAN{macros/latex/packages/psnfss} by the
+`hand written' packages of the \package{psnfss} collection that load
+popular \emph{combinations} of font families, or deal with
+mathematics.
+
+This section refers at various points to \PS\ or Type~1 fonts, but in
+fact the \TeX\ support for these fonts applies equally well to True
+Type, or other scalable formats. As long as \TeX\ has access to the
+font metrics, the font format does not matter (to \TeX; it matters to
+the driver you use to print the \acro{DVI} file).
+
+\subsection{PSFONTS}
+
+The \acro{CTAN} \package{psfonts} area primarily contains the font
+metric and \LaTeX\ font descriptor files, organised by font vendor, as
+outlined below. The basic format of the file structure is the same for
+each font family, so only the top level directories are given here,
+except for the Adobe Times family, which is further expanded as an
+example.
+
+\subsubsection{Font Vendors}
+The font subdirectories of \CTAN{fonts/psfonts} are:
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[adobe] Fonts sold by Adobe, or built into \PS\ devices.
+\item[bh] Fonts designed by Bigelow and Holmes, these are mainly sold
+ through \YandY.
+\item[bitstrea] Bitstream fonts.
+\item[monotype] Monotype fonts.
+\item[textures] Textures Fonts for the Blue Sky Research Macintosh
+ \TeX\ implementation.
+\item[urw] Fonts distributed by URW.
+\item[xadobe] Adobe `expert' font sets.
+\item[xmonotype] Monotype `expert' font sets.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+Each of the vendor directories contains subdirectories corresponding
+to the font families supported by the \package{psfonts} distribution.
+(Using the tools provided one can generate \TeX\ support files for
+most other text fonts, the selection here is really just a set of
+examples.)
+
+The subdirectories of the \File|adobe| directory are:
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[agaramon] Adobe's rendition of a Garamond serif Roman
+ family. (Commercial.)
+\item[avantgar] Avant Garde sans serif (built into most \PS\ devices).
+\item[baskervi] Baskerville, a commercially avail\-able serifed Roman
+ family.
+ \BVonly{(If you are reading this in \BV\ then it is similar to the
+ text you see, which is Monotype Baskerville).}
+\item[bembo] Bembo, a commercially available serifed Roman family.
+\item[bookman] Bookman (built into most \PS\ devices).
+\item[centaur] Centaur, a commercially available serifed Roman family.
+\item[courier] Courier (built into all \PS\ devices).
+\item[garamond] Garamond~3. Another Garamond serif Roman family.
+ (Commercial.)
+\item[gillsans] Gill Sans, a commercially available sans serif family.
+\item[helvetic] Helvetica (built into all \PS\ devices).
+\item[nbaskerv] ITC New Baskerville, another variant on the Baskerville
+ theme. (Commercial.)
+\item[ncntrsbk] New Century Schoolbook (built into most \PS\ devices).
+\item[optima] Optima, a commercially available sans serif family.
+\item[palatino] Palatino serifed Roman family
+ (built into most \PS\ devices).
+\item[symbol] Symbol (built into all \PS\ devices).
+\item[times] Times Roman (built into all \PS\ devices).
+\item[univers] Univers, a commercially available sans serif family.
+\item[utopia] Utopia, a commercially available serifed Roman family.
+\item[zapfchan] ITC Zapf Chancery. A script font built into most \PS\
+ devices.
+\item[zapfding] ITC Zapf Dingbats. A symbol font built into most \PS\
+ devices.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+
+All the directories corresponding to a font family look essentially
+the same, each with the following subdirectories.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[dvips] Contains the `map' file for the dvips driver program.
+ This file can be appended to \texttt{psfonts.map} or used via a
+ configuration file to tell dvips where to find the specified
+ fonts. A suitable configuration file is included in the
+ directory.
+
+ Other drivers will need similar information, but perhaps
+ in a different format.
+\item[tex] This directory contains the font descriptor files which
+ must be placed in the input path for \LaTeX, so that \LaTeX\ has
+ available the information about the available fonts. For some
+ font families this directory would also contain a \LaTeX\ package
+ that assigns the fonts to one of the standard \LaTeX\ font
+ families, such as \verb|\sffamily|. Some packages, such as
+ \package{times}, are not distributed here as they would
+ clash with the packages distributed as part of
+ \package{psnfss}, as described below.
+\item[tfm] The font metrics, in `tfm' format. These files contain all
+ the information about letter sizes, ligatures, and kerning that
+ \TeX\ needs to typeset text.
+
+ There are several files, as each font in the original family is
+ made available in several encodings, the two main ones being
+ the `Classic' \TeX\ encoding used by Computer Modern. This is
+ known as OT1 in \LaTeX, and as `7t' in the Karl Berry font naming
+ scheme used here. Similarly the files with names ending in `8t'
+ relate to fonts encoded to the eight bit `Cork' encoding, known
+ as T1 in \LaTeX.
+
+\item[vf] The virtual fonts. Most (but not all) drivers handle the
+ re-encoding of the original fonts to the encodings that \TeX\
+ expects by means of the virtual font mechanism. Some special
+ fonts, such as Zapf Dingbats are not re-encoded, and so do not
+ have a \File|vf| directory.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+There is one very important thing to note about the above list.
+\emph{There are no fonts!} Almost all of the \CTAN{fonts/psfonts} area
+of \acro{CTAN} is concerned with providing mechanisms for using fonts
+that you have obtained \emph{elsewhere}. The fonts may be built in to
+your printer, or may be purchased separately. There are a few freely
+available Type~1 fonts. In such cases there will be an additional
+directory, \texttt{type1}, which contains the font files (normally in
+`pfb' format).
+
+\subsubsection{Standard \PS\ Fonts}
+
+In addition to the above directories, the \package{psfonts} area
+contains two zip files. If you need the files and have not got unzip
+(or pkunzip or winzip or\ldots) then you can get a copy of unzip from
+the \acro{CTAN} \package{support} area.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[lw35nfss] This zip archive expands to the subset of the
+ \CTAN{psfonts/adobe} tree that corresponds to the `Standard 35'
+ \PS\ fonts as used in Adobe Laserwriter printers. If you are only
+ interested in using fonts built into your printer, and not in
+ using downloaded fonts, then just get this file rather than the
+ large collection of metrics in \CTAN{psfonts/adobe}.
+\item[lw35pk] This zip archive contains bitmap fonts for the `Standard
+ \PS\ fonts' in the usual \acro{PK} format understood by most dvi
+ drivers. This enables documents using Type~1 fonts to be previewed
+ with dvi previewers that can not use outline font formats.
+ (For example xdvi or the emtex drivers).
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsubsection{Tools and Extra Packages}
+There are a few remaining directories in \package{psfonts}.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[ts1] The \LaTeX\ \package{textcomp} package and related
+ utilities for accessing fonts in the `text companion' encoding
+ known as TS1 in \LaTeX. These include the TC
+ fonts that are distributed with the EC fonts, and suitably
+ re-encoded fonts from the standard Type~1 font sets. This encoding
+ contains many non alphabetic symbols that should match the
+ current text font (rather than the math font). It includes currency
+ symbols, superior digits, dagger signs, etc.
+
+\item[mathcomp] A contributed package for using the text companion
+ fonts in math mode.
+\item[tools] The source for the scripts and utilities used for
+ generating all these files.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+
+\subsection{Standard PSNFSS Packages}
+By contrast to the packages and font descriptor files in the
+\package{psfonts} distribution, the \package{psnfss} distribution
+contains `hand written' files. These are either used to set up popular
+\emph{combinations} of the `standard' fonts, or load alternative font
+sets for mathematics. Due to the nature of mathematics fonts, these
+latter packages are typically much more complicated internally than
+the one or two line packages that load text fonts. For the user,
+however, this complexity should not be apparent.
+
+The first set of packages (all generated from the source file
+\texttt{psfonts.dtx}) load combinations of the Basic Adobe \PS\ font
+set into \LaTeX.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[times] As one might guess, this declares Times Roman as
+ \verb|\rmfamily|.
+ For mainly historical reasons, this package also declares
+ Helvetica as \verb|\sffamily| and Courier as \verb|\ttfamily|,
+ so effectively ensuring that all text (but not mathematics) is
+ set in the basic \PS\ font set.
+
+ This is a convenience for the user who wants to replace all the
+ text fonts by references to the basic Adobe fonts. It is an
+ advantage to do this if you want to produce device independent
+ and small \PS{} documents for distribution. The disadvantage is
+ that Times Roman, Helvetica and Courier, despite being the
+ `standard \PS\ combination' look particularly horrible if placed
+ next to each other at the same nominal size, as done by this
+ package. Helvetica has a much larger `x-height' (the height of
+ the lower case letters) than Times Roman, so if sans serif and
+ Roman text are mixed in-line, then the sans serif looks much too
+ big. (This is not so much of a problem if the sans serif is only
+ used for headings.) Courier is just too `wide' when placed
+ alongside Times Roman, which is a particularly compact font.
+
+ To partially compensate for these problems, the \package{pslatex}
+ package (written by me, but currently distributed as a contributed
+ package, not part of the core \LaTeX\ distribution) is an
+ alternative to the \package{times} package. It loads Helvetica
+ scaled by 90\% and loads Courier by way of a virtual font that
+ condenses it by scaling the horizontal direction (only) by
+ 85\%.
+ \package{pslatex} also contains a copy of the \package{mathptm}
+ package (see below) so installs a Times-Italic based font set
+ for use in mathematics.
+\item[palatino] Declares Palatino as \verb|\rmfamily|, and Helvetica and
+ Courier as \verb|\sffamily| and \verb|\ttfamily|.
+\item[helvet] Declares Helvetica as \verb|\sffamily|. (Does not change
+ the other families.)
+\item[avant] Declares Avant Garde as \verb|\sffamily|.
+ (Does not change the other families.)
+\item[newcent] Declares New Century Schoolbook as \verb|\rmfamily|,
+ Avant Garde as \verb|\sffamily| and Courier as \verb|\ttfamily|.
+\item[bookman] Declares Bookman Roman as \verb|\rmfamily|, Avant
+ Garde as \verb|\sffamily| and Courier as \verb|\ttfamily|.
+\item[chancery] Declares Zapf Chancery as \verb|\rmfamily|.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+The above packages only affect \emph{text} fonts, not mathematics.
+\texttt{psfonts.dtx} contains one special package, written by Alan
+Jeffrey, which does affect the math setup.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[mathptm] This package uses a set of virtual files that use
+ various built in or freely available fonts to make a set of fonts
+ suitable for replacing the standard Computer Modern Math fonts. In
+ the current release, bold fonts (and so the \LaTeX\
+ \verb|\boldmath| command) are not supported. The \package{pslatex}
+ package referred to above contains an essentially verbatim copy
+ of \package{mathptm}.
+
+ One may use \package{mathptm} as an example of the coding needed
+ to make virtual fonts for mathematics based on other text italic
+ fonts. How successful this will be depends to a certain extent
+ how visually compatible are the symbols that are gathered from
+ the various `real' fonts that are used by the virtual math fonts.
+ There are often good reasons for making such fonts (the main one
+ being that documents using freely available fonts may be more
+ easily placed on the Web in \PS\ form), however the result is
+ never likely to be as good as using fonts that have symbols that
+ are \emph{designed} to be visually compatible. For mathematics
+ use within \TeX, that currently restricts use to Computer Modern,
+ or the commercial MathTime or Lucida Bright font sets described
+ below.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+The \texttt{psfonts.dtx} source file contains one other package:
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[pifont] This declares the Zapf Dingbats font which contains
+an assorted mixture of symbols, and also defines new user level commands
+to access these symbols. See the package documentation, or \emph{The
+\LaTeX\ Companion} for details.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsection{Freely Available Type~1 Text Fonts}
+
+The next set of packages are contributed by Peter Dyballa. In fact
+these are just one-line packages loading the appropriate font. Most of
+the code is in the \texttt{fd} files which are generated from the same
+source file.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[charter] Defines \verb|\rmfamily| to use Bitstream Charter.
+\item[nimbus] Declares URW Nimbus Roman-Regular and URW Nimbus
+Sans-Regular as \verb|\rmfamily| and \verb|\sffamily|. These are
+essentially free clones of Times Roman and Helvetica.
+\item[utopia] Defines \verb|\rmfamily| to use Adobe Utopia-Regular.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsection{Commercial Text Fonts}
+The following packages are generated from the source file
+\texttt{adobe.dtx}. They are a rather random selection from the large
+catalogue of fonts sold by Adobe.
+
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[garamond] Garamond as \verb|\rmfamily|, Optima as
+ \verb|\sffamily| and Courier as \verb|\ttfamily|.
+\item[basker] Baskerville as \verb|\rmfamily|.
+\item[mtimes] Monotype\footnote{Not sure why this is generated from
+ \emph{adobe} source file.} Times as \verb|\rmfamily|.
+\item[bembo] Bembo as \verb|\rmfamily|, Optima as \verb|\sffamily| and
+ the ever popular Courier as \verb|\ttfamily|.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsection{Adobe Lucida}
+The following two packages relate to the original Lucida font set,
+designed by Bigelow and Holmes and sold by Adobe.
+They are generated from the \texttt{alucida.dtx} source file.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[lucid] Declares Lucida Roman and Lucida Sans as the Roman and sans
+ serif families, and Adobe Courier again as the monospaced font.
+\item[lucmath] Lucida has a matching set of mathematics fonts suitable
+ for \TeX\ use. This package makes the required definitions to make
+ these known to \LaTeX.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsection{Lucida Bright}
+A newer and more extensive Lucida family, also designed by Bigelow and
+Holmes but in this case sold by \YandY, is known as `Lucida Bright' and
+`Lucida New Math'. The \LaTeX\ support described here was written by
+Sebastian Rahtz and myself.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[lucidabr.dtx] This package (replacing the earlier
+ \package{lucidbrb} and \package{lucidbry} packages)
+ changes the \LaTeX\ defaults for
+ both text and mathematics to use the Lucida Bright and Lucida New
+ Math font collections. It has numerous options to control
+ different aspects of the package and to control which of the
+ fonts to use. (Lucida Bright contains several font families,
+ including `fax' and `casual' etc, as well as variant forms of the
+ math italic alphabet.)
+
+ The \LaTeX\ package and the font descriptor files for the math
+ fonts are generated from this source file. The font descriptor
+ files for the Lucida text fonts in the standard \LaTeX\ encodings
+ are available from the \package{psfonts} area (in the
+ \package{bh}) directory, after Bigelow and Holmes, the creators
+ of these fonts.
+
+ The \TeX\ support and font metrics are freely available, but the
+ fonts themselves must be purchased separately.
+\item[lucidabr.ins] \LaTeX\ installation file for Lucida Bright using
+ the standardised `Karl Berry' font names.
+\item[lucidabr.yy] Alternative installation file. Use this instead of
+ \texttt{lucidabr.ins} if you plan to install the fonts with their
+ original font names, as sold by \YandY. (In this case you do
+ \emph{not} need the \texttt{fd} files from the \package{psfonts}
+ area.)
+\item[lucidabr.txt] Introduction and installation guide for this
+ package.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+
+\subsection{MathTime}
+The MathTime fonts are produced by Michael Spivak `\TeX{}plorators'.
+They are sold by \YandY. The \LaTeX\ support was written by Frank
+Mittelbach and myself.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[mathtime.dtx] The \package{mathtime} package is mainly concerned
+ with mathematics setup, although it selects Times, Helvetica and
+ Courier as the text fonts if they have not already been set by
+ another package. The MathTime mathematics fonts are specially
+ designed to match Times Roman, but blend quite well with other
+ text fonts that are of a similar weight. Computer Modern
+ mathematics tends to look very `light' if used with font
+ families other than Computer Modern. The package has several
+ options to control the font choices made.
+\item[mtfonts.fdd] The source for the font descriptor files for
+ MathTime mathematics fonts.
+\item[mathtime.ins] Installation file. Note that this file may be
+ edited in a couple of places depending on whether or not you
+ have the extended `MathTime Plus' font set which includes bold
+ math support.
+\item[mathtime.txt] Introduction and installation guide for this
+ package.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+
+\subsection{Documentation and Other Files}
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[readme.txt] General introduction.
+\item[psnfss2e.tex] User level documentation on the use of these
+ packages.
+\item[test0.tex] Testing accents and other encoding specific commands
+ are working correctly using \PS\ fonts.
+\item[test1.tex] Test document that uses most of the `Standard 35'
+ fonts.
+\item[pitest.tex] Test of the \package{pifont} package.
+\item[mathtest.tex] Test of the \package{mathptm} package.
+\item[makefile] Unix `make' utility to automate installation of the
+ packages.
+\item[allpspk] Unix script that makes a test document using a
+ specified font family and then uses dvips and its associated
+ scripts to generate `pk' versions of the fonts.
+\item[makepk] Unix script that calls allpspk on some common fonts.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsection{PSNFSSX}
+Recently the \package{psnfss} collection has aquired a close cousin,
+\package{psnfssx}, distributed as a contributed package from
+\CTAN{macros/latex/contrib/supported/psnfssx}. This contains some
+lesser used or nonstandard packages, related to \PS\ support. Of
+particular interest might be the \package{ly1} files (contributed by
+myself) in that directory which provide the \LaTeX\ support for the
+`texnansi' encoding promoted by \YandY\ by way of an \texttt{LY1} option
+to the \package{fontinst} package.
+
+This \package{psnfssx} collection
+also contains some obsolete versions of packages formerly in
+\package{psnfss}; this material is provided for historical interest
+only. Use at own risk!
+
+
+
+
+\section{The Babel Distribution}
+
+The \package{babel} package is distributed from
+\CTAN{latex/packages/babel} and is supported via the \LaTeX\ bug
+reporting address, but has origins predating the current \LaTeX\
+release. As well as supporting \LaTeX\ it contains support for
+plain \TeX\ (and formats such as AMS\TeX\ or eplain that are based on
+plain). Primarily \package{babel} is the work of Johannes Braams,
+with contributions for specific language files by numerous people.
+
+\package{Babel} consists of a `kernel' that extends \LaTeX\ with a
+mechanism for switching between specified languages. Part of this
+kernel (related to hyphenation) must be loaded when the \LaTeX\ format
+is made to get the full benefit of hyphenation tables for multiple
+languages. For each language, or related group of languages, supported
+by \package{babel} there exists a language-specific code file.
+This will offer translations of the fixed text strings used in the
+standard \LaTeX\ classes, such as `Table of Contents', `Figure', etc.,
+and may also offer language-specific `shorthands' that make typing
+common constructs easier (for example the \package{german} option
+provides the construct `\verb|"ff|' to produce `ff' that would
+hyphenate to `ff-f' if it fell at the end of a line). The language
+file may also modify the typesetting to support the normal conventions
+of that language. For example the \package{french} option modifies the
+spacing around punctuation marks in text.
+
+\subsection{Babel Kernel}
+
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[babel.sty] The main interface to \package{babel}.
+ The user specifies all languages to be used in a document as options
+ to this package, the last option specified is the default
+ language for the document. So for example
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage[french,german]{babel}
+\end{verbatim}
+ would enable the use of French and German conventions within the
+ document, with the default language being German.
+\item[hyphen.cfg] The standard \LaTeX\ interface to hyphenation.
+ When the \LaTeX\ format is being made, this file is input if it
+ exists, to setup the required hyphenation patterns. In the
+ \package{base} \LaTeX\ distribution there is no such file, and
+ so a default action is taken which loads the original \TeX\
+ patterns for American English. The \package{babel} distribution
+ provides this configuration file (generated from
+ \File|babel.dtx|) which defines some core
+ functionality, and then reads \File|language.dat| to specify
+ which hyphenation files to load.
+\item[language.dat] This file must be edited to specify which language
+ hyphenation files to load, and the name of the external file which
+ contains the hyphenation table for each such language (and
+ optionally a second external file, typically containing hypenation
+ exceptions).
+ Note that hyphenation files \emph{must} be specified here, and so
+ loaded when the format is made. This is a restriction of the
+ underlying \TeX\ system. Documents using other languages not
+ specified here may still be processed, and \package{babel} will
+ translate any fixed text strings, but it will not be able to
+ correctly hyphenate that language. A default hyphenation will be
+ used (most likely English) which may or may not be suitable
+ depending how far the language differs from English.
+\item[switch.def] This file is also generated from the same
+ \File|babel.dtx| source. If \package{babel} is used as a package
+ but was not used when the format was made, then the core
+ functionality normally provided by \File|hyphen.cfg| will not be
+ present. The package will detect this, and so input this file to
+ provide the necessary definitions.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+
+\subsection{Language-Specific Files}
+
+The implementation of the language-specific code for each language
+within \package{babel} is contained in files with extension
+`\texttt{.ldf}' (language definition files). These are not directly
+input by the user, but specified as options to the babel
+package. Normally the option name is the same as the file name, except
+where noted below. Some similar languages or dialects are supported by
+the same external file, and some options are available in more than
+one name; such aliases are noted in parentheses in the list below.
+
+Most languages also have a file with extension
+\texttt{.sty}; however this is just offered for compatibility with
+older versions of Babel and of \LaTeX, or for use with plain \TeX\
+based formats. In normal \LaTeX\ usage only the \texttt{.ldf} file is
+used.
+\begin{filedesc}
+%\item[bahasa] Support for the Bahasa language.
+\item[basque] Support for the Basque language.\footnote{Not in the
+current release, planned for \package{babel}~3.7.}
+\item[breton] Support for the Breton language.
+\item[catalan] Support for the Catalan language.
+\item[croatian] Support for the Croatian language.
+\item[czech] Support for the Czech language.
+\item[danish] Support for the Danish language.
+\item[dutch] The \textsf{dutch} and \textsf{afrikaans} options.
+\item[english] The \textsf{american} (\textsf{USenglish}) and
+ \textsf{british} (\textsf{UKenglish}) options. The option
+ \textsf{english} refers to either British or American English,
+ depending on the local installation.
+\item[esperant] The \textsf{esperanto} option.
+\item[estonian] Support for the Estonian language.
+\item[finnish] Support for the Finnish language.
+\item[frenchb] Support for the French language (the corresponding
+ options are \textsf{french} (\textsf{frenchb}) or
+ \textsf{francais}.
+ If the \textsf{french} option is used then
+ \texttt{french.ldf} will be used (from the GUTenburg
+ \package{french} package) if it is available.
+\item[galician] Support for the Galician language.
+\item[germanb] The \textsf{austrian} and \textsf{german}
+ (\textsf{germanb}) options.
+\item[kannada] Support for the Indian language, Kannada.%
+ \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnotemark
+\item[irish] Support for the Irish Gaelic language.
+\item[italian] Support for the Italian language.
+\item[lsorbian] The \textsf{lowersorbian} option.
+\item[magyar] The \textsf{magyar} (\textsf{hungarian}) options.
+\item[norsk] Support for the Norwegian languages with options
+ \textsf{norsk}, \textsf{nynorsk}.
+\item[polish] Support for the Polish language.
+\item[portuges] The \textsf{brazil} (\textsf{brazilian}) and
+ \textsf{portuges} (\textsf{portuguese}) options.
+\item[romanian] Support for the Romanian language.
+\item[sanskrit] Support for the Sanskrit language, transliterated to
+ latin script.%
+ \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnotemark
+\item[scottish] Support for the Scottish Gaelic language.
+\item[slovak] Support for the Slovakian language.
+\item[slovene] Support for the Slovenian language.
+\item[spanish] Support for the Spanish language.
+\item[swedish] Support for the Swedish language.
+\item[turkish] Support for the Turkish language.
+\item[usorbian] The \textsf{uppersorbian} option.
+\item[welsh] Support for the Welsh language
+\end{filedesc}
+
+
+Babel version~3.6 sees the welcome (re)\hspace{0pt}introduction
+of support for
+non-latin scripts. It is probably fair to say that this support is still
+more experimental than the support for latin scripts. One problem,
+not directly under \package{babel} `control', is that the \TeX\
+encodings for Greek and Cyrillic (corresponding to T1 for European
+Latin scripts) have not yet been finalised or agreed. Currently
+\package{babel} uses two `locally defined' encodings, LWN and LGR.
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[greek] The \textsf{greek} option, which utilises the `kd' Greek
+ fonts.
+\item[russianb] The \textsf{russian} option, which utilises the `LH'
+ fonts.
+\item[ukranian] Support for the Ukranian language.%
+ \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnotemark
+\end{filedesc}
+Two separate packages are currently
+in preparation which will be distributed, together with
+suitable fonts and hypenation tables, from \acro{CTAN}.
+These will extend \package{babel} with options for the Ethiopian and
+Ukrainian languages.
+
+
+\subsection{Compatibility Files}
+
+The distribution contains the following two source
+files which generate files which enable the use of \package{babel}
+with formats based on plain \TeX\
+(and also the old \LaTeX\,2.09 release).
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[bbcompat] The source for compatibility mode files. Most
+ languages are provided with a `package' with extension
+ \texttt{.sty}. This just inputs the corresponding language
+ definition file and should never be needed using the normal
+ \LaTeX\ interface.
+\item[bbplain] The source for the \File|plain.def| file allowing the
+ use of \package{babel} with plain \TeX.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsection{Installation Script and Font Descriptor Files}
+
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[babel.ins] Unpacks the \package{babel} distribution from
+ the documented source files
+\item[cyrillic.fdd] Font descriptor files for Cyrillic fonts in `LCY'
+ encoding.
+\item[greek.fdd] Font descriptor files for Greek fonts in `LGR'
+ encoding.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsection{Documentation}
+\subsubsection{ASCII Text Files}
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[00readme.txt] The distribution guide.
+\item[install.txt] How to install Babel.
+\item[install.mac] How to install Babel with OZ\TeX.
+\item[CyrillicFonts.txt] Further notes on the Cyrillic installation.
+\item[GreekFonts.txt] Further notes on the Greek installation.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsubsection{\TeX\ Documents}
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[tb1202] The source of the original article that appeared
+ in \TUB, Volume~12 (1991), No.~2.
+\item[tb1401] The source of an update article that appeared in
+ in \TUB, Volume 14~(1993), No.~1.
+\item[tb1604] The source of an update article that never
+ appeared in \TUB, but was presented at
+ Euro\TeX~1995, Arnhem.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+\subsection{Example File}
+
+\begin{filedesc}
+\item[language.skeleton] An example file that can be used to build new
+ language definition files from scratch.
+\end{filedesc}
+
+
+\section{Coming Soon}
+Part~4 of this tour will describe the files of the
+\package{amsfonts} and \package{amslatex} distributions of packages
+produced by the American Mathematical society.
+\end{Article}
+
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ltx-logo.sty b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ltx-logo.sty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cc01e9698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/ltx-logo.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+% A package to generate LaTeX logos using the code developed for
+% TUGboat.
+
+\newcommand\DeclareLaTeXLogo[5]{\expandafter\def
+ \csname @LaTeX@#1/#2/#3\endcsname{{#4}{#5}}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% The default values are as used in the source of \LaTeX{} itself:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@LaTeX@default{{.36}{.15}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%
+% Redefine \cs{LaTeX} to choose the parameters for the current font,
+% or to use the default value otherwise:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareRobustCommand\LaTeX{\expandafter\let\expandafter\reserved@a
+ \csname @LaTeX@\f@family/\f@series/\f@shape\endcsname
+ \ifx\reserved@a\relax\let\reserved@a\@LaTeX@default\fi
+ \expandafter\@LaTeX\reserved@a}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Here's the body of what was originally \cs{LaTeX}, pulled out with its
+% roots dripping onto the smoking ruin of original \LaTeX, and then
+% bits stuck in on the side.
+%
+% \cs{@LaTeX@default} provides parameters as one finds in the
+% original; other versions are added as needed.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newcommand\@LaTeX[2]{L\kern-#1em
+ {\sbox\z@ T%
+ \vbox to\ht0{\hbox{$\m@th$%
+ \csname S@\f@size\endcsname
+ \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+ \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+ A}%
+ \vss}%
+ }%
+ \kern-#2em%
+ \TeX}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% Three more defined in the initial version, for bold CM sans (which is
+% used as \cs{SecTitleFont}), and CM italic medium and bold:
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\DeclareOption{cm}{%
+ \DeclareLaTeXLogo{cmss}{bx}n{.3}{.15}%
+ \DeclareLaTeXLogo{cmr}m{it}{.3}{.27}%
+ \DeclareLaTeXLogo{cmr}{bx}{it}{.3}{.27}%
+}
+\DeclareOption{mbvx}{%
+ \DeclareLaTeXLogo{mbvx}{m}{n}{.27}{.08}%
+ \DeclareLaTeXLogo{mbvx}{m}{it}{.23}{.10}%
+ \DeclareLaTeXLogo{mbvx}{b}{n}{.23}{.10}%
+ \DeclareLaTeXLogo{mbvx}{b}{it}{.21}{.10}%
+}
+\DeclareOption*{\PackageWarning{ltx-logo}{No LaTeX logo shapes defined
+ for font family \CurrentOption\space-- yet}}
+\ProcessOptions
+% \end{macrocode}
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lyx-intro.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lyx-intro.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11834c4cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lyx-intro.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+%% This LaTeX-file was created by <sa346> Mon Jun 30 22:46:50 1997
+%% LyX 0.10 (C) 1995 1996 by Matthias Ettrich and the LyX Team
+
+%% Don't edit this file unless you are sure what you are doing.
+%\documentclass[11pt,letterpaper,oneside,onecolumn]{article}
+%\usepackage[]{fontenc}
+%\usepackage[dvips]{epsfig}
+
+%%
+%% BEGIN The lyx specific LaTeX commands.
+%%
+
+\makeatletter
+\def\LyX{L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\spacefactor1000}%
+\newcommand{\lyxtitle}[1] {\thispagestyle{empty}
+\global\@topnum\z@
+\section*{\LARGE \centering \sffamily \bfseries \protect#1 }
+}
+\newcommand{\lyxline}[1]{
+{#1 \vspace{1ex} \hrule width \columnwidth \vspace{1ex}}
+}
+\newenvironment{lyxbibliography}
+{
+\begin{thebibliography}{99}}
+{\end{thebibliography}}
+\def\lxq{"}
+\newenvironment{lyxcode}
+{\list{}{
+\rightmargin\leftmargin
+\raggedright
+\itemsep 0pt
+\parsep 0pt
+\ttfamily
+}%
+\item[]
+}
+{\endlist}
+\newcommand{\lyxlabel}[1]{#1 \hfill}
+\newenvironment{lyxlist}[1]
+{\begin{list}{}
+{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}
+\setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}
+\addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}
+\renewcommand{\makelabel}{\lyxlabel}}}
+{\end{list}}
+\newcommand{\lyxletterstyle}{
+\setlength\parskip{0.7em}
+\setlength\parindent{0pt}
+}
+\newcommand{\lyxaddress}[1]{
+\par {\raggedright #1
+\vspace{1.4em}
+\noindent\par}
+}
+\newcommand{\lyxrightaddress}[1]{
+\par {\raggedleft \begin{tabular}{l}\ignorespaces
+#1
+\end{tabular}
+\vspace{1.4em}
+\par}
+}
+\newcommand{\lyxformula}[1]{
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+#1
+\end{eqnarray*}
+}
+\newcommand{\lyxnumberedformula}[1]{
+\begin{eqnarray}
+#1
+\end{eqnarray}
+}
+\makeatother
+
+%%
+%% END The lyx specific LaTeX commands.
+%%
+
+%\pagestyle{plain}
+%\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+%\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+
+%% Begin LyX user specified preamble:
+%\usepackage{a4wide}
+%\addtolength{\hoffset}{-1in}
+
+%% End LyX user specified preamble.
+%\begin{document}
+
+\title{Review of the {\LyX} ``wysiwyg''
+front-end editor for {\LaTeX}}
+\author[Andrew F.~Lack]{Andrew F.~Lack\\\texttt{sa346@city.ac.uk}}
+
+\begin{Article}
+
+\subsection*{\sffamily \Large Introducing \LyX{}\rmfamily }
+
+Am I a dinosaur living beyond my `best before' date? Sometimes feels
+like it. To start with I use Unix. Every popular computing magazine
+you pick up today is filled with one word, and it isn't Unix. Then
+I use \LaTeX{} under Unix. People look at you as if you are from another
+planet. \LaTeX{}? You mean you can't \em see \em what it looks like as you
+type? But then I come across something like \LyX{} and my faith in humanity,
+or that part of it which still uses Unix and \LaTeX{}, is restored.
+
+\LyX{} is a full-featured ``near \scshape wysiwyg'' \upshape editor
+for creating and editing \LaTeX{} documents. Surprisingly, it's not currently
+available from the \scshape ctan \upshape archive, but by anonymous
+ftp from \ttfamily ftp.via.ecp.fr/pub/lyx. \rmfamily Binaries
+are available for some popular varieties of the Unix system, including
+Sun Solaris and Linux. To compile the source you'll need (to quote
+the authors) ``a good C\ttfamily ++ \rmfamily compiler'' (\ttfamily g++
+\rmfamily is fine) as well as the \sffamily xforms \rmfamily library
+(available from \ttfamily ftp.via.ecp.fr/pub/xform\rmfamily s).
+Although the current version is only 0.10.7, and described as a beta
+version, it is reasonably complete and usable. The software is written
+by Matthias Ettrich ably assisted by many others, too numerous to
+mention.
+
+This article was prepared using \LyX{}. While doing so, I experienced 3~crashes
+over a period of several hours plus a few oddities which are described.
+
+
+\LyX{} is a front-end for an existing, working, \LaTeXe{} installation. It won't
+work with the older 2.09 release. It likes to use \bfseries xdvi
+\mdseries for screen previewing and \bfseries dvips \mdseries for
+printing, though other printer drivers may be usable by re-configuring
+\LyX{} via its configuation file.
+
+To create a \scshape wysiwyg \upshape word-processor for \LaTeX{} would
+be an extremely complicated task. So \LyX{} takes a different approach;
+it uses ``\ttfamily .lyx\rmfamily '' files, which internally
+resemble \TeX{}, but which are not. This allows \LyX{} to manage the `style'
+of the code creation which, in turn, simplifies what is already a
+complicated task. [How many different ways are there to make a word
+bold with \LaTeX{}? I can think of at least three, but \LyX{} only understands
+one.] \LyX{} then `interprets' the code in real-time---it does not constantly
+run latex in order to update the display. Thus the screen shows an
+approximation to the final output, not the \em exact \em output. Because
+\LyX{} uses its own internal format, you cannot use it to open a ``\ttfamily .tex\rmfamily ''
+file. Neither should you edit ``\ttfamily .lyx\rmfamily '' files
+using \bfseries vi \mdseries or other text editors.
+
+\LyX{} is not for \LaTeX{} `power users'. You'll find many things which are easy
+using \bfseries vi \mdseries are just not possible within \LyX{},
+as I found while composing this review. However, if you are a \LaTeX{} beginner,
+or you have a requirement to `encourage' users away from inferior
+and troublesome PC word-processors, \LyX{} may be just what you need.
+
+
+\subsection*{The main Window}
+
+The main window resembles any other GUI word processor.\footnote{
+I'm being careful here not to mention that dreaded word word---damn
+} It has a menu bar along the top plus a single row of icons in the
+tool bar. At the bottom of the screen a status window gives the user
+messages about what's happening. Figure~\ref{fig:fullscreen} shows the main \LyX{} window.
+
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics{lyx-full.eps.gz}
+\caption{\LyX{} showing the \em Character Layout \em and \em Maths Panels\label{fig:fullscreen}\em}
+\end{figure*}
+
+My first gripe is that the authors have chosen to use the \sffamily xforms
+\rmfamily library to give the application its look and feel. This
+is a bit like Motif, but has a number of deviations. Most significant
+among these is the way the scroll bars work. But once you've got over
+this the look and feel should be acceptable. According to the documentation
+which comes shipped with \LyX{}, the authors have had to do a lot of work
+on \sffamily xforms \rmfamily to get it into the current state.
+
+The choice of which tools appear in the tool bar is configurable via
+the \ttfamily .lyxrc \rmfamily file.\footnote{
+users can have their own or can use a system-wide version
+} Those that are available by default are the only ones which currently
+have icons, so the choice isn't that great. This is where I get to
+air my second gripe---the font selection icons. There are only three;
+and exclamation mark for \em select emphasised style\em , I'm happy
+with that. But the second is a figure of a person (man?) which denotes
+something called noun style for setting small caps. Now this \em is
+\em weird. The reason lies with the authors trying to give logical
+names to styles---hence the choice for the small-caps which, apparently,
+is used for people's names. However, I think this is a bad idea. The
+third button has a user-customisable effect, which is set from the
+\bfseries Layout/Character \mdseries menu. The menu gets `pinned'
+to the display so enabling quick changes to family, series, shape
+and size. Even so, dedicated buttons for typewriter font and bold
+should be provided in a later release.
+
+On the left of the tool bar is the \em style selector. \em Here you
+can choose most of the important \LaTeX{} layout styles, such as sections
+(with and without asterisk) the three basic list environments, verse
+and quote. There's also the \textbf{\texttt{LaTeX}} option which allows
+the author to directly enter a \LaTeX{} command---these appear in red on
+the screen. More about this later.
+
+
+\subsection*{Getting started}
+
+Choose \bfseries New \mdseries from the \bfseries File \mdseries menu.
+The file picker is definitely \em not \em Motif, which is one good
+thing to say about \sffamily xforms\rmfamily . You can also
+choose a file template which is used to initialise the document, by
+inserting its contents into the new one. And away you go!
+
+{As you type, \LyX{} automatically breaks the line and wraps the cursor
+onto the following line. You should only press \sffamily \(<\)Return\(>\)
+\rmfamily to end the paragraph. Using \sffamily \(<\)Control-Return\(>\)
+\rmfamily enters a \ttfamily \(\backslash\)\(\backslash\) \rmfamily command.
+If you make change to a paragraph, \LyX{} instantly re-formats the screen
+to show its new appearance. \LyX{} doesn't hyphenate words, it always breaks
+at word boundaries. However, remember \LyX{} is only \em approximating
+\em to the final appearance. Once you format the document, \TeX{} will
+be finding the line breaks instead.\par}
+
+{Use \sffamily \(<\)Control-Space\(>\) \rmfamily for an unbreakable
+space (tie) which is shown as a small red~{\footnotesize$\sqcup$}.\footnote{
+I tried, unsuccessfully, to create this symbol by using \ttfamily \(\backslash\)verb*+
++. \rmfamily This produced a \LaTeX{} error, though not when I created
+a ``\ttfamily .tex\rmfamily '' file and then formated that.
+} New paragraphs are automatically shown indented (but not, of course,
+immediately following a section). The menu \bfseries Layout/Paragraph
+\mdseries can be used to cancel paragraph indentation. This has
+a global effect on the document.\par}
+
+\LyX{} has intelligent quotes, which are used when the double-quote character
+is entered. You can select English, French or German, single or double
+marks.
+
+Clicking the floppy-disc icon in the tool bar automatically saves
+your document back to disc. There's also a timed-backup feature.
+
+From the \bfseries Edit \mdseries menu, there is an ``infinite''
+depth undo facility. \LyX{} also supports PC-style \bfseries cut\mdseries ,
+\bfseries copy \mdseries and \bfseries paste \mdseries via
+three buttons in the tool bar. It doesn't, however, support the normal
+X-selection, which is a shame, so you can't export from \LyX{} to other
+X-applications, though you can import using \bfseries Edit/Paste
+Primary Selection\mdseries .
+
+
+\subsubsection*{Changing the Appearance}
+
+You have two choices about changing the visual appearance. You can
+either change the settings \em before \em you type something, or you
+can go back, highlight it and then apply some new combination of effects.
+For many commands `sensible' things happen when attributes are changed
+and nothing is highlit. For example if I were to pick left-block from
+the \bfseries Layout/Paragraph \mdseries menu in the middle
+of this paragraph, the new setting would be automatically applied
+to the whole of the current paragraph.
+
+
+\subsection*{Lists}
+
+The easiest way to create a list is to enter each item as a separate
+paragraph, then highlight all the items and choose the required list
+type from the style drop-down. When a description list is used, the
+first word of the item is automatically emboldened and you must use
+unbreakable spaces (\sffamily \(<\)Control-Space\(>\)\rmfamily )
+to include more than one word.
+
+\LyX{} provides a forth list-type, \bfseries list\mdseries , which
+which is based on the \LaTeX{} \ttfamily list \rmfamily environment.
+An example follows;
+
+\begin{lyxlist}{enumeratedx}
+
+\item [itemized]produces bullet-points
+
+\item [enumerated]produces numbered lists
+
+\item [description]produces a bold subject followed by a description
+
+\item [list]produces this type of list. Note that the width used for each
+label is the same. The actual width used is set by simply highlighting
+the entire list and setting the label width using the \bfseries Layout/Paragraph
+\mdseries menu, then clicking \bfseries Apply\mdseries .
+
+\end{lyxlist}
+
+
+\subsubsection*{Lists within lists}
+
+The tool bar provides the button \em change environment depth\em .
+This is used to insert a new list `level' into an existing list. For
+example to achieve;
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item This is an item of an \ttfamily itemize \rmfamily list
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item This is the first item of a list \em within \em the first
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item end.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+the \em change environment depth \em was used after entering the first
+item so that the following item was at the next level. After entering
+the second line, \sffamily \(<\)Return\(>\) \rmfamily puts
+\LyX{} back at the previous level. Using the highlight-then-apply model,
+it's possible to select a number of items for `moving' to a new level.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item This is an item of an enumerated list
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item When typed this was item 2, it will be moved to a new level
+
+\item When typed this was item 3
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item When typed this was item 4
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\subsection*{Footnotes and marginal notes}
+
+A footnote is inserted into the document by using the dedicated button
+in the tool bar. This opens a text box on the screen into which the
+footnote text is entered. By clicking-left on the box's \em foot \em tab,
+the footnote is closed and a small red ``foot'' appears in the main
+text. Double-clicking left on this, re-opens the box for editing.
+Clicking-right in the opened box allows the footnote to be deleted
+(called \em melting\em ). Once the footnote has been melted, its text
+just becomes part of the document. The opposite it true as well, just
+highlight a piece of text, click the footnote button, and voil\`{a}---one
+footnote.
+
+Marginal notes are handled in an identical manner.
+
+
+\subsection*{Tables}
+
+Tables can be inserted either ``here'' or as floats and you can paste
+an existing table into or out of a float. Inserting a table causes
+it to appear on the screen centred under the ``current'' sentence.
+Choosing a table float opens up a red table box into which the table
+can be inserted and a caption added to the \bfseries Table: \mdseries prompt.
+The box can then be collapsed in a same way as for footnotes.
+
+
+\subsubsection*{The Table Editor}
+
+Creating a table (actually a \ttfamily tabular \rmfamily environment)
+is achieved using a \em table editor\em . The first stage is to select
+the number of rows and columns. Sliders are provided for this, defaulting
+to 5x5. Once the size is set, an empty table is inserted into the
+document, with the cursor positioned in the top left cell. The table's
+initial layout assumes the first row will be used as a heading and
+it is separated from the rest of the table by two horizontal lines
+(\ttfamily \(\backslash\)hline\rmfamily s). Rows and columns
+have separating rules.
+
+With the cursor positioned in a cell, entering text causes the text
+to appear in the cell, and all cells of the same column automatically
+expand to the same width---exactly as you'd expect with the \ttfamily tabular
+\rmfamily environment. To edit neighbouring cells, simple use the
+cursor arrow keys, or click the left mouse button.
+
+With the insert-cursor in a cell, clicking-right displays a table
+menu which allows you to change the following;
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item the text alignment from \bfseries center \mdseries to \bfseries left
+\mdseries or \bfseries right\mdseries
+
+\item delete the column or row
+
+\item append a new column or row
+
+\item choose the rules used separate cells (select rule \bfseries left\mdseries ,
+\bfseries top \mdseries and/or \bfseries bottom\mdseries ).
+If no rule is selected, a dotted-line is drawn to show the separation
+between rows or columns.
+
+\item combine adjacent cells into a single cell (\em multicolumn\em )\em .
+\em This is achieved by high-lighting the cells and choosing \bfseries multicolumn
+\mdseries from the table-menu. I found that in version 0.10.7,
+this sometimes caused problems.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+Using the table editor, this is one of the examples from \em Lamport\em ;
+
+\vspace{0.92cm}
+{\centering \begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|}
+\hline
+\em type\em &\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\em style \em }\\
+\hline
+smart&red&short\\
+\hline
+rather silly&puce&tall\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}\par}
+\vspace{0.92cm}
+
+In \em Lamport \em the table had a double rule at the top and bottom.
+This particular feature seems not to be possible with the table editor.
+\ttfamily \(\backslash\)cline\rmfamily 's aren't possible either.
+Another tabular feature which I almost always use, namely \ttfamily \(\backslash\)arraystretch\rmfamily ,
+must be set by entering the required command directly (see below).
+
+Vertical space above and/or below the table can be added by high-lighting
+the entire table and then changing the paragraph settings from the
+\bfseries Layout/Paragraph \mdseries menu. This also permits
+the table alignment to be changed to left or right.
+
+
+\subsubsection*{Figures}
+
+Figures, like tables, are inserted ``here'' or as a float. You have
+to decide which at the point of creation. \LyX{} allows the inclusion of
+figures in one of three formats;
+%
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [encapsulated~PostScript]which is displayed centred on the page
+
+\item [in-lined~encapsulated~PostScript]which is displayed aligned with the
+adjacent text
+
+\item [\LaTeX{}]which permits you to \ttfamily \(\backslash\)input \rmfamily a
+file and display it centred on the page
+
+\end{description}
+
+The first two formats create boxes on the screen with an \bfseries F
+\mdseries to signify a figure. Double-clicking-left on the box
+opens up a dialogue box in which the details of the figure are programmed.
+Apart from the obvious one of filename, the author can choose the
+size, rotation angle and a command which \LyX{} uses to display the image.
+(It defaults to using \bfseries ghostscript\mdseries .) Once
+the parameters have been entered and applied, \LyX{} updates the display
+with the image.
+
+
+\subsection*{Setting Mathematics}
+
+\LyX{} has a \em maths editor \em which is much like the mathematics editor
+of any other GUI-based word processor. To enter maths mode you can
+either click the maths editor button from the tool bar, or choose
+\bfseries Math/Math mode \mdseries for in-line maths or \bfseries Math/Display
+\mdseries for displayed maths. In either case a small blue box
+appears on the screen and the insert cursor is positioned within.
+You are now in the maths editor.
+
+It is more difficult to describe how to use the editor than to use
+it---even I quickly picked-up how it worked. The menu option \bfseries Math/Math
+Panel \mdseries brings up a separate window from from which you
+can pick the multitude of special \LaTeX{} symbols. For simple maths, for
+example using Greek characters, just pick the character required from
+the menu in the maths panel. For more complex maths, which perhaps
+requires a ``two dimensional'' layout, the essential feature of the
+editor is the use of the arrow keys which navigate you through the
+equation.
+
+There are no menu options for superscripts and subscripts which greatly
+simplifies the maths panel. Instead, these are entered by using \sffamily \(<\)\^{}\(>\)
+\rmfamily and \sffamily \(<\)\_\(>\) \rmfamily respectively.
+So, by just using the maths panel, \^{}/\_ keys and the arrow keys, you
+can quickly create
+\[
+\sum ^{\infty }_{i=0}\frac{1}{k^{2}}=\frac{\pi ^{2}}{6}\]
+Or, how about
+\begin{equation}
+\label{maths:num}
+y=\int _{0}^{\infty }\left\{ \frac{\sin ^{2}\left( \alpha \sqrt{\frac{ax+b}{cx+b}}\right) }{\sqrt{\beta =\alpha x}}\right\} ^{\frac{a+b}{c+d}}dx
+\end{equation}
+
+
+The appearance of the maths on the screen is more than adequate to
+show the detail of what has been selected. The Greek characters and
+special symbols are very well drawn.
+
+The maths panel supports roots, fractions, delimiters, ``over symbols''
+(called decorations), arrays and maths spacing. Any other feature
+you require can be entered directly by typing the \TeX{} command directly
+into the maths editor. The backslash is not displayed, but the remainder
+of the command is shown in red. Numbered equations are created by
+applying a label to the equation. Currently, you cannot swap a piece
+of maths between `display' and `in-line'; you have to choose at the
+point of creation.
+
+
+\subsection*{Document styles}
+
+From the \bfseries Layout/Document \mdseries menu you can choose
+a number of parameters which affect the whole document. These include
+the document class, the typeface (\LyX{} supports the common \scshape PostScript
+\upshape faces) body type size (\ttfamily 10pt\rmfamily , \ttfamily 11pt
+\rmfamily etc), paper size, paper orientation (landscape or portrait),
+single or two-sided, single or double column,\footnote{
+though \LyX{} does not display two columns if double column is chosen
+} language (from which you can choose from about 20 possibilities),
+baseline stretch, section numbering depth and table-of-contents depth.
+Also from the \bfseries Layout \mdseries menu, the \bfseries Preamble
+\mdseries option allows you to enter a series of lines which are
+added verbatim to the document's preamble.
+
+There's good support for letters with \LyX{}; you can can select \bfseries letter
+\mdseries as the document class and the standard installation comes
+with a suitable template. Selecting the \bfseries letter \mdseries class
+also changes the \LaTeX{} formatting options available from the style drop-down.
+Included is \bfseries cc\mdseries , \bfseries Signature\mdseries ,
+\bfseries Opening \mdseries and \bfseries Closing\mdseries .
+
+
+\subsection*{Entering \LaTeX{} Commands}
+
+Sooner or later you will want to achieve some formatting effect which
+\LyX{} cannot currently handle. To do this you can enter a \TeX{} or \LaTeX{} command
+directly into the document. You can do this in a number of ways, the
+easiest of which is to use the dedicated button in the tool bar (with
+the \TeX{} logo). Clicking this puts \LyX{} into ``\TeX{} mode'' and what you type
+is shown in red. Effectively what you type is added to the file verbatim,
+and no interpretation is undertaken.
+
+While creating this document I have had used this feature only a few
+times. However, it will be clear by now that quite significant amounts
+of \LaTeX{} are not yet covered by \LyX{}; rules, boxes, the minipage environment
+and the tabbing environment, to name a few. And then there's all those
+packages which are available.
+
+
+\subsection*{Interfacing with \LaTeX{}}
+
+One of the most frustrating features with teaching beginners \LaTeX{} is
+explaining how to deal with the inevitable errors which result from
+formatting. \LyX{} solves this difficult problem in a way which must have
+taken a great deal of work. Whenever \LyX{} runs \bfseries latex \mdseries for
+you, any errors which occur are flagged by inserting a red, \sffamily \fbox{\rmfamily Error\sffamily }
+\rmfamily into the document at the point where the error occurred.
+By clicking-left over the box, it opens to show you the description
+of the error. This is really neat. From the \bfseries Edit \mdseries menu,
+use \bfseries Goto error \mdseries to rapidly move between the
+different errors.
+
+Printing is possible from the \bfseries File \mdseries menu
+as well as from a dedicated button in the tool bar. A print dialogue
+allows the author to choose the name of the printer (that which would
+normally be appended to a \ttfamily -P \rmfamily option using
+an \bfseries lpr \mdseries command), the stacking order (normal
+or reverse) and whether to print to a file or printer. When the document
+is printed, \LyX{} doesn't bother to re-format if nothing has been changed.
+Because \bfseries latex \mdseries is only run once this causes
+problems if your document uses cross-references. The work-around is
+to format the document twice using \bfseries File/Run \textbf{LaTeX}
+\mdseries and then to use the print button.
+
+It's possible to create (to quote the menu) a ``nice'' \ttfamily .tex
+\rmfamily file from the ``\ttfamily .lyx\rmfamily '' file.
+This can be sent to someone who doesn't use \LyX{}, and will, naturally,
+produce an identical output, notwithstanding the usual issues of fonts
+and packages. This is how this document was transmitted to the editors
+of \em Baskerville\em .
+
+
+\subsection*{Spell Checker}
+
+\LyX{} supports a spell checker by interfacing with the \scshape gnu
+\upshape \bfseries ispell \mdseries command, which must be
+separately installed. Using the spell checker is simplicity itself.
+Mis-spelled words are highlighted in the main document, while in a
+separate window the alternate choices are displayed, together with
+a number of control buttons (see figure~\ref{fig:spellchecker}). A progress bar is also
+provided.
+
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\includegraphics{spellcheck.eps.gz}
+\caption{The spell checker window\label{fig:spellchecker}}
+\end{figure*}
+
+
+\subsection*{A Final Word}
+
+Version 0.12 is not far away. It will concentrate on bug fixes rather
+than lots of new features, although a text-export (via the dvi file)
+will be added. The developers are also talking about ditching the
+\sffamily xforms \rmfamily library which is causing a number
+of problems. Most intertesting of all the developers are making tantalising
+noises about supporting the ability to directly edit existing ``\ttfamily .tex\rmfamily ''
+files and dropping the \ttfamily lyx \rmfamily format.
+
+There are a number of \LaTeX{} features which are supported by \LyX{} but which
+have not been covered in this review. These include tables-of-content,
+lists-of-figures and tables, cross references, bibliographic citations,
+verse, various commands for building title pages (title, author etc.).
+
+I'm a die-very-hard user of \bfseries vi\mdseries , but even
+after a couple of hours with \LyX{}, I now find myself wishing for word-wrap
+and point-click-type when using an xterm. There's no getting away
+from it, GUI applications are appealing. It's sometimes the case that
+\scshape wysiwyg \upshape editors are less powerful than using
+something simple like \bfseries vi \mdseries and doing it ``by
+hand''. But the \LyX{} approach of only supporting basic \LaTeX{}, while allowing
+\em any \em command to be entered verbatim, makes the final product
+easy to use yet powerful at the same time.
+
+Its difficult for me to over express my admiration for this program
+and my thanks to the authors for their effort in producing it. It's
+brilliant! Even the ``beta'' 0.10.7 version has proved to be extremely
+reliable---I regard 3~crashes as well within acceptable limits, especially
+for such an early version. Such an editor is, in my view, long overdue
+for the \LaTeX{} world and the fact that Unix has been chosen as the first
+delivery OS heartens me no-end. Well done Matthias and the rest of
+the team!
+
+%\vspace{1.61cm}
+%{\raggedleft Andrew F. Lack \\
+%\ttfamily sa346@city.ac.uk\par}
+
+\end{Article}
+%\end{document} \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lyx.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lyx.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3eda7eecaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/lyx.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+%% This LaTeX-file was created by <sa346> Mon Jun 30 22:46:50 1997
+%% LyX 0.10 (C) 1995 1996 by Matthias Ettrich and the LyX Team
+
+%% Don't edit this file unless you are sure what you are doing.
+%\documentclass[10pt,oneside,onecolumn]{article}
+%\usepackage[]{fontenc}
+%\usepackage[dvips]{epsfig}
+%\usepackage{a4}
+
+%%
+%% BEGIN The lyx specific LaTeX commands.
+%%
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\makeatletter
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\def\LyX{L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\spacefactor1000}%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newcommand{\lyxtitle}[1] {\thispagestyle{empty}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\global\@topnum\z@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\section*{\LARGE \centering \sffamily \bfseries \protect#1 }
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newcommand{\lyxline}[1]{
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%{#1 \vspace{1ex} \hrule width \columnwidth \vspace{1ex}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newenvironment{lyxbibliography}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%{
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\begin{thebibliography}{99}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%{\end{thebibliography}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\def\lxq{"}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newenvironment{lyxcode}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%{\list{}{
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\rightmargin\leftmargin
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\raggedright
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\itemsep 0pt
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\parsep 0pt
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\ttfamily
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%}%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\item[]
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%{\endlist}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newcommand{\lyxlabel}[1]{#1 \hfill}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newenvironment{lyxlist}[1]
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%{\begin{list}{}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\renewcommand{\makelabel}{\lyxlabel}}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%{\end{list}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newcommand{\lyxletterstyle}{
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\setlength\parskip{0.7em}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\setlength\parindent{0pt}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newcommand{\lyxaddress}[1]{
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\par {\raggedright #1
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\vspace{1.4em}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\noindent\par}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newcommand{\lyxrightaddress}[1]{
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\par {\raggedleft \begin{tabular}{l}\ignorespaces
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%#1
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\end{tabular}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\vspace{1.4em}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\par}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newcommand{\lyxformula}[1]{
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\begin{eqnarray*}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%#1
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\end{eqnarray*}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\newcommand{\lyxnumberedformula}[1]{
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\begin{eqnarray}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%#1
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\end{eqnarray}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%\makeatother
+
+%%
+%% END The lyx specific LaTeX commands.
+%%
+
+%\pagestyle{plain}
+%\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+%\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+%\begin{document}
+
+\title{Sample of the {\LyX} ``wysiwyg''
+front-end editor for {\LaTeX}}
+\author[Andrew F.~Lack]{Andrew F.~Lack\\\texttt{sa346@city.ac.uk}}
+
+\begin{Article}
+
+
+\subsection*{\TeX{} Users are Bilingual}
+
+Whilst at school and studying for my \scshape cse\upshape 's
+(yes, a long time ago) I tried to learn French. My \scshape cse
+\upshape grade \em unclassified \em suggested I wasn't ever destined
+to be bilingual. But I was not rekoning on \TeX{}.
+
+A recent edition of \em Acorn Publisher \em carried a review of a
+scientific word-processor called \em TechWriter\em . Now let me make
+one thing clear---I \em do not \em own an Acorn machine or run any
+Acorn software. So why was I reading the magazine? Well, a friend
+lent it to me knowing I was interested in this kind of thing. And
+jolly glad I was that I read it, because apparently I speak \em gobbledegook
+\em and I never knew it.
+
+Let me try a little gobbledegook out on you---see if you also speak
+it. Here goes,
+
+\(\backslash\)begin\{quote\}
+
+\(\backslash\)large Hi There! \(\backslash\)\(\backslash\)
+
+\(\backslash\)normalsize Can you direct me to the railway station?
+\(\backslash\)\(\backslash\)
+
+\(\backslash\)end\{quote\}
+
+How did you do? You see, it's easy!
+
+If I believe what I read in \em Acorn Publisher, \em users of these
+machines are unable to understand the syntax of \LaTeX{} commands and so
+give up at learning the language. What a lot their missing out on.
+
+The review of \em TechWriter \em explained the virtues of a \scshape wysiwyg
+\upshape interface for composing scientific documents. Of course
+such interfaces are easy to use and appealing, but they as powerful?
+You can do a lot of clever things with something as primative as \bfseries vi
+\mdseries and a few \LaTeX{} macros. It's unlikely, in my view, that any
+\scshape wysiwyg \upshape interface is ever going to be that
+powerful---the combination of possibilities is just too high.
+
+Even the much praised \em TechWriter Pro \em (\pounds 199.00 plus
+\scshape vat) \upshape with its ability to output to \TeX{}, doesn't
+have numbered equations (yet). And you can hardly call numbered equations
+complex. Another example is index generation. \em TechWriter \em allows
+you to select any word (probably by clicking the mouse on it) and
+its automatically added to the index. Is that it? What about placing
+words in the index which say ``see also\ldots'' or topics which span
+several pages?
+
+\scshape wysiwyg \upshape programs lull authors into a false
+sense of ``this is simple'' when, in fact, what they are doing is
+over-simplifying what at times can be a difficult job. You have to
+work hard for good typography, it won't just pop out of a dialogue
+box.
+
+I've recently completed an in-depth review of \LyX{}, a \scshape wysiwyg
+\upshape front-end for \LaTeX{}, and I loved using it. How can this be in
+view of what I've just said? Well, \scshape wysiwyg \upshape programs
+are just fine, as long as those who use them understand their limitations.
+
+And the moral of this tail is keep practising the gobbledegook.
+
+\ttfamily \(\backslash\)bye\rmfamily
+
+\end{Article}
+
+%\end{document}
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/rahtz.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/rahtz.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f458936876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/rahtz.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+\makeatletter
+\def\MP{MetaPost}
+\def\foreign{\em}
+\def\eg{{\foreign e.g.~}\ignorespaces} % e.g.
+\DeclareRobustCommand\META{\textlogo{META}}
+\newsavebox{\boxdef}
+ \newenvironment{BDef}{\begin{lrbox}{\boxdef}\def\arraystretch{1.0}%
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}l@{}l@{}}}%
+ {\end{tabular}\end{lrbox}%
+ \BCmd\fbox{\usebox\boxdef}\endBCmd} % i hate this whole coding section!
+\newenvironment{BCmd}{\@beginparpenalty-\@lowpenalty\fboxsep=3pt\flushleft}
+ {\@endparpenalty\@M\@topsepadd 10pt\relax \endflushleft}
+\makeatother
+\def\Mpack#1{\texorpdfstring{\textsf{#1}}{#1}}
+\let\Lpack\textsf
+\let\Mmpack\textsf
+\let\Mcmd\texttt
+\let\mMcmd\texttt
+\let\Author\relax
+\def\Program#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\let\mMPcmd\texttt
+\let\MPcmd\texttt
+
+\def\PreambleCommands{input graph}
+\title{A tutorial on using \MP's \Mpack{graph} package}
+\author[Sebastian Rahtz]{Sebastian Rahtz\\7 Stratfield Road\\Oxford OX2 7BG\\UK\\\texttt{s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}}
+
+\begin{Article}
+\section{Introduction}
+
+\MP{} is a sibling program to \MF, which replaces the bitmap output of
+the latter with PostScript and is designed more as a general-purpose
+drawing language than a font creation package. Although it has been
+around for five years or so (it has been Don Knuth's tool of choice for
+drawing for some time), it has only recently started becoming
+generally available for most users. With the release of Web2c version
+7.0, \MP{} is integrated into the standard Unix and Windows 32 \TeX{}
+distribution, and it is also part of the CMacTeX and OzTeX packages
+for the Macintosh.
+
+Although many people find general-purpose drawing languages quite
+forbidding and counter-intuitive, creating nice graphs from simple
+data files is a common task, and the purpose of this short
+tutorial\footnote{This material is taken from chapter 3 of \emph{The \LaTeX{}
+ Graphics Companion}, by Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz and Frank
+ Mittelbach, published by Addison-Wesley in March 1997. Reprinted by
+permission of Addison-Wesley.} about \MP{}
+is to describe its graphing support. The high-level library of \MP{}
+macros to draw graphs was written by \MP's author, John Hobby, to
+provide a sophisticated interface comparable to \Program{grap}
+(see Bentleyand Kernighan, 1984). It is hoped that by giving
+examples of its use, more people can be encouraged to try it and (who
+knows?) start to explore more of \MP{} for other sorts of drawing.
+
+\MP{} is well documented in Hobby (1992), and the graph package
+is described in Hobby (1993); both these documents normally form part
+of a \MP{} distribution.
+
+\section{Getting started}
+To start, a quick recipe for writing a \MP{} input file.
+Unlike \TeX, there are no backslashes or curly braces, and commands
+normally end with semicolons; at the start of your file, you need to
+load the \texttt{graph} package with an \texttt{input} command, and
+the file is completed with \texttt{end;}. In between you can have one or more
+drawings inside \texttt{beginfig}\ldots \texttt{endfig;}, where
+\texttt{beginfig} has a parameter (in round brackets) of
+a number which will be the suffix of the output PostScript file. A
+graph comes inside \texttt{draw begingraph} \ldots \texttt{endgraph;},
+where \texttt{begingraph} has a parameter of two dimensions which set
+the width and height of the graph. \MP{} takes care of scaling all the
+drawing to fit in this area. Thus a complete \MP{} file might look
+like this:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+input graph
+beginfig(1)
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gdraw "yearm.dat";
+endgraph;
+endfig;
+end;
+\end{sverbatim}
+If we save this as \texttt{test.mp}, and run it with the command
+\texttt{mpost test.mp}, the output (under Unix) looks something like
+this:
+\begin{fverbatim}
+darkstart:~/# mpost test.mp
+This is MetaPost, Version 0.632 (Web2c 7.0)
+(test.mp (/cdrom/share/texmf/metapost/base/graph.mp
+(/cdrom/share/texmf/metapost/base/marith.mp
+(/cdrom/share/texmf/metapost/base/string.mp))
+(/cdrom/share/texmf/metapost/base/format.mp
+(/cdrom/share/texmf/metapost/base/string.mp)
+(/root/tds/metapost/latexpp/texnum.mp))) [1] )
+1 output file written: test.1
+Transcript written on test.log.
+\end{fverbatim}
+Labels or captions in a \MP{} drawing are often passed to \TeX{} to
+process behind the scenes, as we shall see presently, and the result
+is a PostScript file we can include in our \TeX{} in the ordinary
+way. It is assumed that the reader can find out how to do this.
+
+Rather than showing the trivial result of that test, let us
+consider a slightly more sophisticated real
+graph (using data from the Protestant Cemetery,
+Rome---see Rahtz (1988)) which looks like this (henceforth we
+only show the \MP{} code between \texttt{begingraph} and
+\texttt{endgraph}):
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gdraw "yearm.dat" dashed evenly;
+gdraw "yearw.dat";
+glabel.lft
+ (btex (solid) Women etex, 1960,30);
+glabel.lft
+ (btex (dashed) Men etex ,1870,30);
+glabel.bot
+ (btex Number of burials per year
+ ($n \approx 4300$) etex,OUT);
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+This shows some of the main features of the \Mpack{graph} package for
+plotting data from external data files and labeling. The command
+\texttt{gdraw} (which can be used several times in succession) is
+followed by a file name; it reads data values (two per line, giving an
+$x$ and $y$ coordinate) from that file, and plots the resulting line.
+The effect can be varied with various modifiers --- here we used
+\texttt{dashed evenly}. The command \texttt{glabel}, to place some
+captioning text, has a prefix (separated by .) which indicates where
+on the graph it is to go (\texttt{lft} = `left', \texttt{bot} =
+`bottom' etc). It is followed by an expression inside round brackets
+of text, an $x$ coordinate, and a $y$ coordinate. The special
+coordinate pair of \texttt{OUT} means it will be placed neatly outside
+the graph area. You can supply literal text in quotes, or have it
+processed by \TeX{} by bracketing it with \texttt{btex} \ldots
+\texttt{etex} (no quotes around the text in this case).
+
+The \texttt{graph} package can take care of:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item automatic scaling of data;
+\item automatic generation and labeling of tick marks or grid lines;
+\item multiple coordinate systems in the same picture;
+\item linear and logarithmic scales;
+\item plotting with arbitrary symbols;
+\item handling multiple columns in the same data file, with
+ user-specified procedures.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Variations in basic graphing}
+If \Mcmd{gdraw} is followed by a \mMcmd{plot} command, a symbol can be
+drawn at each coordinate instead of a continuous line; the symbols is
+technically a \MP{} ``picture'', i.e. in practice some text which
+can be typeset by \TeX, as the following variation shows:%
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gdraw "yearm.dat"
+ plot btex $\bullet$ etex;
+gdraw "yearw.dat"
+ plot btex $\circ$ etex;
+glabel.bot
+ (btex Burials etex,OUT);
+glabel.lft
+ (btex Number etex rotated 90,OUT);
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+For this graph we also rotated the label for the $y$ axis by
+90\textdegree{} using a modifier to \texttt{btex} \ldots
+\texttt{etex}.
+
+\subsubsection{Frames, ticks, grids and scales}
+By default, graphs have a frame on all sides,
+no grid, and tick marks on the bottom and left.
+The frame can be altered with the \mMcmd{frame} command, which has
+a set of optional suffixes. Grid lines and ticks are controlled with
+\Mcmd{autogrid}:
+\begin{BDef}
+\mMcmd{autogrid}(\emph{$x$ specification},\emph{$y$ specification})
+\end{BDef}
+\noindent The specifications can have the values \mMcmd{grid},
+\mMcmd{itick} or
+\mMcmd{otick}, which produce grid lines, inner ticks, or outer ticks;
+they can be suffixed with \texttt{.top} or \texttt{.bot} for the $x$ axis
+and \texttt{.lft} and \texttt{.rt} for the $y$ axis, as the following
+example shows:
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gfill "yearw.dat" withcolor red;
+autogrid(grid.bot,itick.rt)
+ withcolor .5white;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+To override \Mpack{graph}'s choice of where to put tick
+marks and how to write labels, you can add explicit ticks with
+\mMcmd{itick} or \mMcmd{otick}
+and grid lines with \mMcmd{grid}.
+These have the same suffixes as \Mcmd{autogrid} and are
+followed by a \MP{} picture variable containing a label or a
+\Mcmd{format} command, and a coordinate. \Mcmd{format}
+is used to control how numbers are printed:
+\begin{BDef}
+\mMcmd{format}(\emph{specification},\emph{number})
+\end{BDef}
+\noindent The \emph{specification} consists of
+an optional initial string, a percent sign,
+an optional number indicating precision (default 3), a conversion
+letter (\texttt{e}, \texttt{f} or \texttt{g}) and an optional final string.
+The conversion letter determines whether or
+not scientific notation is used;
+\texttt{\%g} will use decimal format for most numbers. How
+the scientific notation used by \Mcmd{format} is typeset depends on a
+\MP{} macro called \Mcmd{init\_numbers} (see manual); since this uses
+the \MPcmd{btex}\ldots\MPcmd{etex} system, you may need to look at it
+carefully if you are concerned about precisely which fonts are used.
+
+
+The next graph shows both types of explicit labeling;
+we have to remember to turn off the normal marks at the end!%
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gfill "yearw.dat" withcolor red;
+for y=10,20,30:
+ itick.lft(format("%g",y),y);
+endfor
+otick.top("19th century",1850);
+otick.top("20th century",1950);
+frame.llft;
+autogrid(,);
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+The labeling can also be changed by \Mcmd{setcoords}
+\begin{BDef}
+\mMcmd{setcoords}(\emph{$x$ style},\emph{$y$ style})
+\end{BDef}
+The parameters for $x$ and $y$ can be set to
+\texttt{log}, \texttt{-log}, \texttt{linear}, or \texttt{-linear}.
+
+While the program's scaling of data to fit the graph usually gives the right
+results, it can be overridden with \Mcmd{setrange}:
+\begin{BDef}
+\mMcmd{setrange}(\emph{min},\emph{max})
+\end{BDef}
+You need to supply the minimum and maximum coordinates.
+The special constant
+\mMcmd{origin} is a useful shorthand for (0,0).
+To leave any value to be figured out
+by \MP, specify \mMcmd{whatever}. If you specify no range
+at all, \MP{} works it out from the data values and adds a small
+border.
+
+\subsubsection{Reading data files}
+Although the \Mcmd{gdraw} and \Mcmd{gfill} commands often suffice, we
+can get more control over the data read from a file by using \Mcmd{gdata}:
+\begin{BDef}
+\mMcmd{gdata}(\emph{filename}, \emph{variable}, \emph{commands})
+\end{BDef}
+The \emph{commands} are executed for every line of data in
+\emph{filename}, with the values for each column available as, \eg $c1$, $c2$
+\ldots $c\mbox{n}$ for the variable name $c$. \emph{filename} is a
+\META{} string, so simple names should be enclosed in quotes (file
+names can also be computed from \META{} variables.) Using some more data
+from the Protestant Cemetery in which each line consists of a person's
+age at death, we can show the distribution of mortality by age by
+accumulating data in an array and using that to create a path:%
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.5in);
+numeric p[]; path r;
+for j := 0 upto 100: p[j]:=0; endfor
+gdata ("ages.dat",y, age:=(scantokens y1);
+ p[age]:=p[age] + 1;);
+r:=(0,0)
+ for j := 1 upto 100: --(j,p[j]) endfor;
+gdraw r;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+The only complications are the need to initialize the array and
+the conversion of the string representation read from the data file
+into a numeric value with \mMPcmd{scantokens}.
+
+When \mMcmd{gdata} reads data files, it stops when it reaches a blank
+line or end of file; if you start \Mcmd{gdata} again with the same
+file name, it carries on reading another set of data. This allows you
+to put all your data sets in one file, but use it with care. One
+problem is that data files remain open if there is a blank line at the
+end, since \MP{} thinks some more data might follow; if you have many
+small data files, this situation can cause a \MP{} error---check the
+end of your files.
+
+This display in the example above is not very readable; it might be
+better to accumulate data per decade of death from the file. As this
+gets a little more complicated, we abstract the job into a \MP{} macro
+called by the \Mcmd{gdata} command:
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+setrange(origin,(100,100));
+numeric p[]; path r;
+for j := 0 step 10 until 100:
+ p[j]:=0; endfor
+def check(expr age) =
+ if age < 100:
+ xage:=round(age/10) * 10;
+ p[xage]:=p[xage] + 1; fi
+enddef;
+gdata ("ages.dat",y,
+ check((scantokens y1)););
+r:=(0,0) for j := 0 step 10 until 100:
+ --(j,p[j]) endfor --(100,0);
+gfill r -- cycle withcolor blue;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+
+It is often useful to accumulate points on a path for each line
+read from the data file; the macro \mMcmd{augment} is provided for
+this. Given a suffix of a variable name of type ``path'' and a
+parameter of a coordinate, \Mcmd{augment}
+creates the path if it does not exist
+or adds the point to an existing path. We use this to show the
+gravestone data again, this time processed to provide separate
+figures of deaths per decade for women (column 2) and men (column~3):
+\begin{verbatim}
+1800 3 6
+1810 9 15
+1820 26 64
+1830 31 88
+...
+\end{verbatim}
+For each decade, we keep track of the last point reached and augment
+separate paths for male and female; these are then shaded in different
+colors to show how the
+male and female patterns vary over time. We need to know the last
+decade in order to establish a sensible corner for the filled shape.
+The female pattern appears as a dotted line on top of the male
+shading.
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+path m,w,last;
+draw begingraph(3in,2in);
+setrange((1800,0),(whatever,whatever));
+gdata ("decade.dat",y,
+ last:=((scantokens y1),0);
+ augment.w(y1,y2);
+ augment.m(y1,y3););
+gfill (1800,0)--w--last--cycle
+ withcolor red;
+gfill (1800,0)--m--last--cycle
+ withcolor green;
+pickup pencircle scaled 3pt;
+gdraw w dashed withdots;
+pickup pencircle scaled .75pt;
+glabel.bot (btex Number of burials per decade
+ ($n \approx 4300$) etex,OUT);
+endgraph
+rotated 90;
+\end{MPExample*}
+The example demonstrates that the graph macros return a \META{} picture
+that can then be transformed (in this case rotated).
+
+\subsubsection{Different graph types}
+With a little effort, \Mpack{graph} can draw bar charts;
+to demonstrate this, we copy a chart from
+Goossens et~al.\ (1994), p.~287, that was made with the \LaTeX{} \Lpack{bar}
+package. Our technique is to make a single path out of all the bars
+and fill the result at the end:%
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+path s; numeric x,y;
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+gdata ("students.dat",c,
+ x:=(scantokens c1) * 12;
+ y:=(scantokens c2);
+ augment.s((x-5,0)--
+ (x-5,y)-- (x+5,y)--
+ (x+5,0));
+ if y < 0: glabel.top(c2,(x,0)); fi
+ if y > 0: glabel.bot(c2,(x,0)); fi
+);
+gfill s--cycle withcolor .5white;
+frame.llft;
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+\noindent We explicitly work out the corners of each bar and allow for
+their width by multiplying the $x$ values by 12; the bars
+themselves span 5 units on either side of the data point, so there is a
+gap of 2 units between each one.
+
+A similar technique is used in the next chart which shows the number
+of pages in chapters of \emph{The \LaTeX{} Graphics Companion};
+this time we draw each bar separately, so that they can be shaded
+according to the values. The work is delegated to a macro, which also
+prints a rotated label for each bar. Because explicit $x$ labels are
+supplied, labeling of the $x$ axis is suppressed.
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+path m; numeric n,width;
+width:=20; defaultscale:=0.6; n:=0;
+def bar(expr name,value) =
+ gfill(n,0)--(n,value)--
+ (n+width,value)--(n+width,0)--cycle
+ withcolor (value/100,value/100,value/100);
+ picture p;
+ p = name infont defaultfont
+ scaled defaultscale rotated 90;
+ glabel.rt
+ (image(unfill bbox p; draw p),(n,10));
+ n:=n+width;
+enddef;
+draw begingraph(2.5in,1.75in);
+setrange((0,0),(11*width,100));
+autogrid(,otick.lft);
+gdata("chap.dat",c,bar(c1,(scantokens c2)););
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+The string value read from the first data column is put into a
+\MP{} picture variable by using the low-level command \mMPcmd{infont}.
+This lets us use \MPcmd{bbox} technique to give the extent of the
+text, which is made white with \MPcmd{unfill}.
+\mMPcmd{image} is a useful macro that
+yields the picture resulting from a sequence of drawing commands; we
+use that as a label. The data for this graph starts as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+graphics 28
+stdgraph 26
+xypic 28
+mf 26
+...
+\end{verbatim}
+
+We can also present our earlier ``decade'' data
+as a dual bar chart, with male and female figures side by side. To do
+this we maintain two separate paths, fill one and leave the other as
+an outline:
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+path m[],w[];
+def wcheck(expr decade,value) =
+ augment.w1(decade,0);
+ augment.w1(decade,value);
+ augment.w1(decade+5,value);
+ augment.w1(decade+5,0);
+enddef;
+def mcheck(expr decade,value) =
+ augment.m1(decade+5,0);
+ augment.m1(decade+5,value);
+ augment.m1(decade+10,value);
+ augment.m1(decade+10,0);
+enddef;
+draw begingraph(3.75in,2in);
+gdata ("decade.dat",y,
+ wcheck((scantokens y1),(scantokens y2));
+ mcheck((scantokens y1),(scantokens y3)););
+gfill m1--cycle;
+gdraw w1;
+glabel.bot (btex Number of burials per decade
+ ($n \approx 4300$) etex,OUT);
+frame.llft;
+endgraph rotated 90;
+\end{MPExample*}
+
+With care, we can even draw pie charts using similar
+ideas. The following example \label{mppie} reads data about gravestones in the
+Protestant Cemetery in the following form:
+\begin{verbatim}
+Romanian 1 0.02796420582
+Czech 2 0.05592841163
+.....
+Italian 391 10.93400447
+German 508 14.20581655
+unknown 599 16.75055928
+English 1462 40.8836689
+\end{verbatim}
+\noindent Here the second column is the number of gravestones per
+nationality and, to make the code less complicated, the third column is the
+percentage of the total. For each pie wedge, we use
+the \mMPcmd{buildcycle} macro to find the smallest enclosed shape from
+the union of a whole circle and two lines extending from the center at
+the starting and closing angle of the segment. The fill color of the
+wedge is derived from the percentage.
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+numeric r,last; path c,w;
+r:=5; c:=fullcircle scaled 2r;
+last:=0.0;
+def wedge (expr lang,value,perc) =
+ numeric current,n,half,xoff,yoff;
+ picture p;
+ n:=perc*3.6;
+ current:=last+n; half:=last+(n/2);
+ w:=buildcycle((0,0)--(2r,0) rotated last,
+ c, (2r,0)--(0,0) rotated current);
+ gfill w withcolor
+ (0.8-(perc/100),0.8-(perc/100),0.8-(perc/100));
+ gdraw w;
+ if perc > 5:
+ p = lang infont defaultfont
+ scaled defaultscale;
+ glabel(image(unfill bbox p; draw p),
+ 3/4r*dir(half));
+ fi;
+ last:=current;
+enddef;
+draw begingraph(3in,3in);
+defaultscale:=0.7;
+gdata ("langs.dat",c,
+ wedge(c1, (scantokens c2),
+ (scantokens c3)););
+autogrid(,); frame withcolor white;
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+The placement of the labels in the pie bears a
+little examination; they are placed in the center of each wedge, three quarters
+of way along the radius.
+
+Another type of graph has a linear $x$ scale and uses the $y$ axis
+simply to compare sets of data. The following graph uses our
+cemetery data to show the first and last occurrences of each type of
+gravestone. The code is straightforward
+except that we draw the lines
+with a different sized pen (with square ends) and revert
+to a thin line to draw the scale and frame (only on the bottom, since
+the $y$ axis is not linear).
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+draw begingraph(2.5in,2.5in);
+n:=10;
+defaultscale:=0.7;
+pickup pensquare scaled 3pt;
+setrange((1700,0),(whatever,whatever));
+gdata("stones.dat", s,
+gdraw ((scantokens s2),n)--
+ ((scantokens s3),n);
+glabel.lft(s1,(scantokens s2)-3,n);
+n:=n+16;);
+pickup pensquare scaled .5pt;
+frame.bot;
+autogrid(otick.bot,);
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+The data, ranked in order of first occurence, starts like this:
+\begin{verbatim}
+Chest 1738 1966
+Head 1765 1986
+Column 1766 1960
+Plaque-on-base 1775 1986
+Pedestal 1786 1967
+Plaque-in-ground 1794 1985
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Our last example
+is more unusual. We want to plot data from a survey
+grid and shade each grid square according to its data value; in the data
+file the first two columns are the coordinates of the lower left
+corner of the grid square, the third column is the absolute data
+value, and the fourth column is a percentage version:
+\begin{verbatim}
+2 1 102 85
+2 2 10 98
+2 3 110 84
+2 4 112 83
+2 5 114 83
+...
+\end{verbatim}
+The text is printed in white or black depending on the percentage.
+\begin{MPExample*}{}
+def sq(expr x,y,num,perc) =
+ gfill(x,y)--(x+10,y)--
+ (x+10,y+10)--(x,y+10)--cycle
+ withcolor (perc/100,perc/100,perc/100);
+ glabel(num,(x+5,y+5))
+ if perc < 50: withcolor white fi;
+enddef;
+defaultscale:=0.7;
+draw begingraph(70mm,80mm);
+setrange((20,10),(110,110));
+autogrid(,);
+gdata ("pot.dat",c,
+ sq((scantokens c1)*10,
+ (scantokens c2)*10,
+ c3, (scantokens c4)););
+endgraph;
+\end{MPExample*}
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{99}
+\bibitem{Bentley/Kernighan:1984}
+Bentley, J. and Kernighan, B. 1984.
+\newblock \emph{{GRAP} --- a language for typesetting graphs}.
+\newblock Computing Science Technical Report 114, AT\&T Bell Laboratories,
+ Murray Hill, NJ.
+
+\bibitem{Companion}
+Goossens, M., Mittelbach, F. and Samarin, A. 1994.
+\newblock \emph{The {\LaTeX} companion}.
+\newblock Reading, MA: Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey.
+
+\bibitem{Hobby:MP}
+Hobby, J.~D. 1992.
+\newblock \emph{A user's manual for MetaPost}.
+\newblock Computing Science Technical Report 162, AT\&T Bell Laboratories.
+
+\bibitem{Hobby:MPG}
+Hobby, J.~D. 1993.
+\newblock \emph{Drawing graphs with MetaPost}.
+\newblock Computing Science Technical Report 164, AT\&T Bell Laboratories.
+
+\bibitem{Rahtz:1988}
+Rahtz, S. 1987.
+\newblock The Protestant Cemetery, Rome: a study undertaken under the auspices
+ of the Unione Internazionale degli Istituti di Archeologia, Storia e Storia
+ dell'Arte in Roma.
+\newblock \emph{Opuscula Romana}, \textbf{16}, 149--167.
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{Article}
diff --git a/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/regul.tex b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/regul.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb2d28b064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usergrps/uktug/baskervi/7_1/regul.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+% This file is the regular `last page' of BV
+
+\title{The \UKTUG}
+\author{edited by Peter Abbott\\\texttt{uktug-enquiries@tex.ac.uk}}
+\begin{Article}
+
+
+\section*{The 1996--97 \ukt\ committee}
+\begin{tabular}{lp{2in}}
+R.~Fairbairns & Chair\\
+P.~Abbott & Treasurer and \\ & Membership Secretary\\
+D.~P.~Carlisle & Committee Secretary\\
+M.~Clark & Meetings Secretary\\
+% & \BV\ editor\\
+\end{tabular}
+
+K.~Bazargan; S.~P.~Q.~Rahtz; M.~D.~Wooding.
+
+
+\section*{Book Discounts for \protect\ukt\ members}
+%The UK \TeX\ User group has been in discussion with a number of
+%publishers to arrange discounts on publications which may be of
+%interest to members.
+We have arrangements with Addison-Wesley for
+their well-known \TeX-related publications, and with International
+Thomson Publishing to supply any of the very excellent O'Reilly \&
+Associates Inc.\ series of books to members.
+
+The agreed list of books, together with the discounted (at least 20\%)
+price, is distributed occasionally with \BV, but is always available
+from the Treasurer, Peter Abbott.
+
+Please add \pounds1.50 for the first book and 50p for each book after
+the first on the same order, for despatch to a single address
+
+%We would like to extend this service to members. If you have contacts
+%with the sales and marketing parts of any publisher who publishes
+%relevant books, please inform us and we will try to
+%arrange something mutually convenient and beneficial.
+
+We are only allowed to offer this service to \textbf{current} members
+of the \UKTUG\ and/or members of \acro{TUG}. Please send your
+order and cheque (in \acro{UK} \pounds) to Peter Abbott (address in
+\BV\ masthead).
+Make cheques payable to `\acro{UKTUG}' please.
+All books will be routed through \ukt. \emph{In all cases} please
+notify Peter Abbott
+by email, phone, fax or letter when books are delivered. This means
+that provided the book(s) are in stock, it will normally take at least a week
+from receipt of order to delivery of the book(s).
+
+\section*{Obtaining \TeX}
+
+\subsection*{From the network -- CTAN}
+
+The \acro{UK} \TeX\ Archive on \texttt{ftp.tex.ac.uk} is part of the
+\acro{CTAN}
+(Comprehensive \TeX\ Archive Network) collaborating network of
+archives on the Internet organised by the
+\TeX\ Users Group.
+%The main archives follow the same structure
+%and have identical files ({\tt ftp.tex.ac.uk}
+%{\tt ftp.shsu.edu}
+%and {\tt ftp.dante.de}).
+
+The \acro{CTAN} archives run an enhanced \emph{ftp} server which supports
+dynamic compression, uncompression, and archive creation options.
+Fetch the top-level file {\tt README.archive-features} for
+information. The server also supports site-defined commands to assist
+you. Please read {\tt README.site-commands} for a brief overview.
+
+%Details of where to find public domain, or shareware,
+%\TeX\ packages for different machines and operating
+%systems are given below.
+
+
+ Please report any problems with \acro{CTAN} archives via email to
+ \texttt{ctan@urz.Uni-Heidelberg.de}.
+
+
+%\subsection*{CTAN directories}
+The main directories which make up \acro{CTAN} are listed below; readers are
+referred to Graham Williams' \emph{\TeX{} and \LaTeX{} Catalogue}
+which is available from \acro{CTAN} as \path|help/Catalogue/catalogue.html|
+
+{\small
+\begin{description}
+\item[biblio] bibliography-related files, such as
+ \BibTeX.
+\item[digests] back issues of \TeX-related periodicals
+\item[dviware] contains the various \texttt{dvi}-to-whatever filters
+ and drivers
+\item[fonts] fonts, both sources and pre-compiled
+\item[graphics]utilities and macros related to graphics
+\item[help] overviews of the archive and the \TeX\ system
+\item[info] files and tutorials which document various aspects of \TeX
+\item[indexing] utilities and related files for indexing
+\item[language] material for typesetting non-English documents
+\item[macros] macros packages for \TeX\ and style files
+\item[support] programs which can be used in support of \TeX
+\item[systems] complete system setups, organized by operating
+ system
+\item[tools] the various archiving tools used on CTAN
+\item[web] contains WEB-related files and utilities
+\end{description}
+}
+
+%\subsection*{CTAN -- CDROM}
+
+\subsection*{Unix -- CD-ROM}
+\acro{GUT}enberg and \ukt, in collaboration with \acro{TUG} and
+\acro{NTG}, produced \TeX-Live,
+a plug-and-play \acro{CD}-\acro{ROM} based on Thomas Esser's \textrm{te}\TeX{}
+distribution.
+As it is formatted according to \acro{ISO} 9660, the platform-independent
+files can, in principle, be read on all operating systems which can
+deal with that format.
+
+Unix executables for the following platform/operating system
+combinations are included: Digital Alpha-OSF 3.2, Alpha-Linux and MIPS
+Ultrix, Hewlett
+Packard HPUX (9.05 and 10.20), Intel i386 and i686 Linux, and i586
+FreeBSD 2.2, Multi-architecture NextStep 3, MIPS IRIX (4.0.5, 5.3 and 6.3),
+IBM RS6000 AIX (3.2.5 and 4.1.1) Sparc Solaris (2.4 and 2.5), SunOS
+4.1.3 and Linux. In addition, there are executables of the Amiga and
+Win32 ports of Web2C.
+
+For full details see the article in \BV\ 6.5/6.
+
+The \acro{CD} is available free of charge to members of \ukt\ and to
+non-members at \pounds25. Order the disk from Peter
+Abbott; see the section `\acro{PC} and Mac disks' for details.
+
+%\subsection*{Unix tapes}
+%The group no longer offers Unix tapes: we recommend the \TeX{} Live
+%\acro{CD} to Unix users.
+
+\subsection*{DOS -- CD-ROM}
+\ukt\ distributes the comprehensive 4All\TeX\ \acro{CD}-\acro{ROM},
+created by the
+Dutch \TeX\ Users'
+Group (\acro{NTG}), now in its 3rd edition. This costs \pounds25 for 2
+\acro{CD}s, and is for \acro{DOS} users. (Note: at the time of
+printing this edition, \ukt\ has no stocks of this disc: a new edition
+is expected soon.)
+
+
+\subsection*{PC and Mac disks}
+The \ukt\ distributes an em\TeX\ kit for \acro{PC}s,
+and an Oz\TeX\ kit for Macintosh. The cost covers copying and postage
+costs, together with the shareware fee for Oz\TeX\ (and other Mac programs)
+and Eddi4\TeX.
+Each set costs \pounds30,
+and is available from Peter Abbott, 1 Eymore Close, Selly Oak,
+Birmingham B29~4LB. Cheques must be payable to \lq{}UKTUG\rq{}. Please note
+that this service \emph{is available to \ukt\ members only.} Each set
+comes with an installation guide, and (at least) full \TeX\ and \MF, a
+previewer, a PostScript driver, and \acro{CM} fonts. Two update disks a year
+will be sent out automatically, with the current version of \LaTeXe,
+and other goodies. A subscription service is available for
+subsequent years. In addition, subscribers can request up to 3 disks a
+year with any material from the \acro{CTAN} archives, but this will be
+supplied \lq{}as is\rq{}, without instructions.
+
+\subsection*{Atari}
+Enquiries for \TeX\ for the Atari \acro{ST} etc. may be directed to: The Fast
+Club, 7 Musters Road, Nottingham NG2 7PP. Phone 01602 455250, fax 01602
+455305. They also supply a variety of \TeX-related software in Atari format.
+
+\end{Article}