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+\newcommand{\Lcs}[1]{{\ttfamily\char'134#1}}
+\providecommand{\PS}{PostScript}
+\def\MP{MetaPost}
+\providecommand{\PDF}{PDF}
+\title{TUG95 at St. Petersburg Beach, Florida}
+\author[Michel Goossens]{Michel Goossens\\\emph{Email: }
+ \texttt{m.goossens@cern.ch}}
+\begin{Article}
+[\emph{Editor's note:} Michel has kindly allowed us to print portions
+of his longer report on TUG 95, which will be distributed on the
+Internet.]
+
+\section{Monday July 24th}
+
+Monday morning saw the official opening of the Conference, with TUG95
+Organizing Committee Chairperson Mimi Burbank welcoming all
+participants before passing the floor on to Michel Goossens, who
+thanked everybody for coming, and emphasized the different
+structure of this conference as compared to previous years, since this
+time we had more workshop oriented sessions (in the afternoons) and
+were opening up the area of presentations to the world of electronic
+publishing at large, and SGML/HTML, Adobe Acrobat, CD-ROMs, hypertext,
+etc.\ in particular. At that point the representatives of
+NTG said a few words about their third edition of the 4All\TeX{}
+CD-ROM, and Wietse Dol took this occasion to offer the first pressed
+CD to Donald Knuth who was a guest of honour at this 16th
+($2^{2^{2}}$) \TeX{} Annual Meeting.
+
+The first talk was by Ji\v{r}\'{\i} Zlatu\v{s}ka, who showed how \MF{} and
+\TeX{} can work together to typeset combinations of text and graphics.
+His new approach based on \TeX's extended ligature mechanism, reduces
+the number of \MF{} passes to one, and also simplifies the
+\TeX-\MF{} interface. This permits easier typesetting of text
+along curves and in particular allows one to generate beautiful
+institutional seals and logos in various forms and combinations
+starting from the same base elements. He noted that, although \PS{}
+is often the first choice for including graphics information in \TeX{}
+documents, \MF{} often offers improved legibility of the
+logos and the letters at smaller sizes.
+
+The next speaker, Richard Kinch, discussed his work on building
+reliable \PS{} Type1 and Truetype outlines for the Computer Modern
+fonts. He emphasized that several \MF{} primitives (stroked pens,
+overlapping ink) have no equivalent in these formats, since they
+support only non-overlapping B\'ezier curves. His program,
+\texttt{MetaFog}, handles most of the difficult problems associated
+with these conversions. He went on to discuss how \texttt{MetaFog} works,
+pointing out some of its drawbacks and making a plea for including
+hints inside the \MF{} sources. He finally compared his results to
+other outline instances of the CM fonts.
+
+After refreshments Alan Hoenig gave another one of his almost
+``perfect'' pedagogical talks, this time showing how one can use
+Adobe's Poetica font set, comprising 21 fonts in two families,
+exploiting the possibilities of the virtual font mechanism. Alan
+showed us how his macro package together with the font metrics
+generated by Alan Jeffrey's \texttt{fontinst} package are able to
+typeset a sonnet by Shakespeare as though it were written in the most
+beautiful calligraphy of a scribe.
+
+One can never exaggerate the importance of documentation, and to teach
+first-year students the benefits of that approach an experiment was
+started at Texas' A\&M University by teaching Knuth's \texttt{WEB}
+system, that fully exploits combining code and documentation in the
+same source. It was found that students who had to ``mix'' program
+description and code acquired increased problem solving skills. They
+tended to analyse their problems not merely in function of the
+programming language used, but in terms of the more general literate
+programming paradigm. Thanks to this increased awareness the students
+who took the \texttt{WEB} course also were more successful in grasping
+data structures and program development in general.
+
+The morning session was concluded by W{\l}odek Bzyl who showed how by
+extending Nowman Ramsey's generic literate tool \texttt{noweb} with a
+few stand-alone front-end programs, it became relatively easy to
+create a \texttt{\TeX-WEB} system that is easy to understand for the
+novice user. The system is extensible by allowing customized styles
+and additional features. As an example he showed the literate source
+of \texttt{plain.tex}, the \TeX{} source of Knuth's \texttt{plain}
+format, and proudly handed a printed copy to Donald Knuth, who browsed
+through it with great interest.
+
+After lunch Sebastian Rahtz discussed some advanced exotic features
+of Timothy van Zandt's \texttt{PSTricks} package, that provides an
+easy interface between the PostScript and \TeX{} languages
+(\texttt{PSTricks}'s operating principles were described at
+TUG94---see \TUB\ 15(3), pp.\ 239--246). The talk was a shortened
+version of a three-hour presentation by Denis Girou, a well-known
+\texttt{PSTricks} guru, at the GUTenberg meeting on June 1st in
+Montpellier (France). By using the electronic version of the slides,
+Sebastian could easily zoom in on fractions of text and drawings.
+Fractals, complicated curves, like cycloids (this is the first time
+that curves of this type published in books on calculus will
+actually be drawn correctly, Don Knuth remarked when seeing the
+beautiful and precise graphs), and three dimensional multi-colour
+calendars were only of few of the graphics gems possible by this
+approach.
+
+Jerry Marsden introduced his \texttt{FAS\TeX} system, a library of
+standardized system-independent shortcuts for \TeX{} commands. At
+present versions for Mac and Unix exist. This approach speeds up the
+keying of input material and greatly increases the accuracy of the
+final text. Abbreviations exist for most of the well know formats
+and extensions, like the AMS packages. Commands can easily be edited
+or added. This approach is especially interesting in an environment
+where many non-specialist typists have to work together so that
+consistency and ease of input are important considerations.
+
+After tea Denis Kletzing showed how he uses his \texttt{multienumerate}
+package to handle complicated list structures. This environment
+handles narrow numbered list entries by bundling them in multiple
+columns. The drawback of the approach is that the user must specify
+the actual layout by typing the explicit position of the entry via
+different \Lcs{mitem\emph{ijk}} commands, where \texttt{\emph{ijk}}
+are column identifiers. With a little more \TeX{} programming a lot of
+the positioning can probably be made automatic, but the approach shows
+that it is relatively straightforward to extend \LaTeX{} to cope with
+moderately simple but useful structures.
+
+Jon Stenerson described the experience gained by using the style files
+he developed for use with \emph{Scientific Word} and which he
+described last year at TUG94 (\TUB\ 15(3), pp.\ 247--254). He thought
+that the basic ideas of his original approach were still all right but
+that most of them will have to be rewritten for streamlining and to
+better reflect his present thoughts on the subject.
+
+At the end of the day the editors of the journals edited by the
+various \TeX{} User Groups gave an overview of the problems
+encountered and ways of improving communication and mutual
+re-publication of worthwhile material. A few weeks before the
+conference, an electronic discussion list coordinated by Christina
+Thiele (TUG and former editor of \emph{TTN}) and Gerard van Nes (NTG, editor
+of \emph{MAPS}) had been set up and allowed the editors to exchange valuable
+information. Presentations were made by Sebastian Rahtz (editor of
+the \ukt's \BV), Michel Goossens (for Jacques Andr\'e, editor
+of GUTenberg's \emph{Cahiers GUT\-en\-berg} and \emph{Lettre
+ GUT\-en\-berg}), Christina Thiele (previous editor of TUG's \emph{TTN}),
+Luzia Dietsche (editor of \textsc{Dante}'s \emph{Die \TeX{}nische Kom\"odie}),
+Gerard van Nes (editor of NTG's \emph{MAPS}), Wietse Dol (editor of
+the Euro\TeX95 Proceedings), Barbara Beeton (editor of \TUB), and
+W{\l}odek Bzyl (editor of GUST's magazine). From the various talks it
+became soon evident that most of the encountered problems were common
+to most user groups' publications, with in particular often an extreme
+dependence on a single individual so that when s/he is unavailable
+the whole production process suffers. It was clear that a production
+team of a few individuals is the only way out of this situation to
+ensure that issues can be produced at more or less regular intervals.
+Other themes were the difficulty of finding authors, and volunteers to
+proofread, correct and edit the articles. All in all, editing a
+journal is a non-trivial task and involves the dedication and hard
+work of a lot of individuals. As Jacques Andr\'e summed it all up:
+``An editor is like an organists at Sunday mass: if the music is good,
+no one hears it; if it is bad, everyone cries.'' At the end of the
+session Gerard distributed \emph{MAPS} awards to Christina Thiele for her
+many years as \emph{TTN} editor and to Mimi Burbank for her hard work
+organizing the TUG95 Conference.
+
+\section{Tuesday July 25th}
+
+As Donald Knuth only rarely attends TUG conferences these days
+it was a real pleasure to have him with us at TUG95 and we gave him
+the floor for the first part of the morning. After answering the
+``usual'' first question---``when is volume four of \emph{The Art of
+ Computer Programming} coming out?'' (it will be published over several
+years with about 200 pages coming out every six months or so)---he
+talked at length about \TeX{} and how he would do it in basically the
+same way if he were to start over today. A more detailed account of
+Knuth's presentation will be published elseware based on notes taken
+by Christina Thiele.
+
+After the break John Hobby, the author of \MP{}, gave a live
+demonstration of his program which is now used by Knuth himself to
+prepare the graphical material of his books. \MP{} implements a
+picture-drawing language based on Knuth's \MF{}, but it outputs \PS{}
+commands instead. It moreover gives access to all features of \PS{}
+and allows easy inclusion of text and graphics (for more details on
+\MP{} see the user guide available on CTAN or an introductory article
+in the Euro\TeX92 Proceedings, pp.\ 21--36, Prague, Sep.\ 1992).
+
+The last set of presentations were about ``future systems''. First
+Robin Fairbairns gave an introduction to Unicode. He reviewed the
+winding road from 6-bit propriety codes for encoding information on
+computers, to 7-bit ASCII-like codes, then to 8-bit EBCDIC and ISO
+standards 8859-xx, specific language encodings, the 16-bit East-Asian
+JIS, GB, KS and Big Five codes, to Unicode and 32-bit ISO 10646 (for a
+detailed discussion of questions of encoding and multi-linguism see,
+e.g., \emph{Cahiers GUTenberg} 20, pp.1--53). It is to be noted that Unicode
+is the internal encoding used by Haralambous and Plaice's $\Omega$
+program, a 16-bit extension of \TeX{} (\TUB\ 15(3), pp.\ 320--324 and
+344--352). Ji\v{r}\'{\i} Zlatu\v{s}ka then brought us up-to-date on
+the \etex{} project, whose first version had just been distributed to
+developers. Peter Breitenlohner complemented Ji\v{r}\'{\i}'s talk with
+some more technical details on \etex{}. It all sounds like an
+interesting development.
+
+During the first part of the afternoon Wietse Dol showed how easy it
+is to use the ``plug-and-play'' 4all\TeX{} CD-system for PC's. An
+interactive live presentation showed the ease with which the system
+can be installed from the CD, and also how applications can be run.
+
+\section{Wednesday July 26th}
+
+Mark Swift was the first speaker of the day and in his talk
+\emph{Modularity in \LaTeX} he explained that \LaTeX{} should be built
+in a highly modular way. In particular an abstraction of functional
+modules not mapped onto filenames would be an important point, as
+shown by recent discussions on the \texttt{LATEX3} discussion list
+where the ``forced'' uniqueness of filenames in the basic \LaTeX{}
+distribution, like \texttt{article.cls}, was questioned. The speaker
+proposed some possible extensions to \TeX{} and discussed his work on
+the \texttt{frankenstein} package, which adds certain kinds of
+modularity to \LaTeX.
+
+Bart Wage of Elsevier Science in Amsterdam gave an interesting
+description of how journals are handled from source copy to
+printed/electronic document. Text is converted into SGML, figures are
+kept in various formats (e.g., TIFF, JPEG) and \LaTeX{} sources are
+also translated into SGML using the Elsevier DTD. \LaTeX{} allows for
+easy typesetting, but it has no formal DTD, making extensive tagging
+somewhat difficult, while SGML allows for a formal DTD, where explicit
+tagging of all document elements with respect to that DTD is possible.
+Formal specifications exist for math, tables, bibliographic material,
+etc.. Elsevier see SGML as an ideal exchange format between different
+source representations. All documents are translated into SGML and
+stored in the ``Warehouse'', which forms the common repository for the
+various further uses of the documents. This is extremely important
+for electronic documents, where re-use and structure-awareness are of
+prime importance. Bart emphasized that a journal is not just a
+collection of articles, but a real web of cross-links to related
+topics and references, and the future of publishing lies in the
+optimization of these facilities for all potential users.
+
+Pierre Mackay then read a paper on \emph{Modern Catalan Typographical
+ Conventions} written by Gabriel Valiente Feruglio, who could not
+attend. It was an interesting journey in search of typographic rules
+for scientific Catalan texts. The author complained that no normative
+typographical conventions existed for his language and then went on to
+propose a set based on his study of several reference texts. Finally
+he introduced a set of possible \TeX{} definitions implementing these
+rules.
+
+After coffee Petr Sojka gave one of the best technical papers of
+TUG95---Petr got the ``Knuth'' prize of the Conference for discussing
+something important that Knuth did not think about when developing
+\TeX---a follow-up of his detailed paper describing the problems
+of hyphenation with \TeX{} presented at in Gdansk in September 1994
+(Euro\TeX94 Proceedings pp.\ 59--68). This time he discussed the
+problems of hyphenating long compound words, which occur very often in
+German, Dutch, and the Slavic languages, since in these languages the
+constituent parts are not signalled by a hyphen or other fill
+character. This makes it often difficult, if not impossible, to
+hyphenate words correctly. Therefore Petr suggests extensions to the
+hyphenation algorithms of \TeX{} to successfully treat such cases
+and he discussed in a generic way which basic functionalities
+would be needed. Perhaps something to be implemented in (one of) the
+``successor(s)-to-\TeX'', he commented (and Don seemed to agree).
+
+The last talk of the morning was by Sebastian Rahtz, who discussed
+the translation of \LaTeX{} sources into SGML. His
+presentation was a complement to Bart Wage's earlier that
+morning. After working on the conversion problem for several months,
+Sebastian came to the conclusion that the only foolproof way is to use
+\TeX{} itself to output SGML, a solution implemented by ICPC in Dublin.
+He is actually using an intermediate approach, (pioneered by
+Sebastian and myself at CERN), which
+translates most \LaTeX{} commands into SGML by redefinition of macros,
+and then extracts the text from the dvi file. This system
+copes with almost all \LaTeX{} commands (including math).
+
+The afternoon had presentations by convenors of various working
+groups. First Norman Walsh presented the work of the \texttt{tds}
+(\TeX{} Directory Structure) working group. He explained the rationale
+of the choices that have been made, emphasizing that one of the basic
+constraints had been ISO-9660, which (only) allows for directories
+eight deep and limited to ``8+3'' case-insensitive names for files
+(for DOS users this will sound as a blessing, I am sure). Since not
+all \TeX{} engines support an optimized recursive directory search
+major attention was paid to propose an efficient structure that
+minimizes losses of efficiency while searching for package and
+font-related files by \TeX. It was emphasized that a production
+run-time directory structure, like \texttt{tds} is different in nature
+to an archive, like CTAN, and that the two cannot be married easily.
+
+Tomas Rokicki and Michael Sofka then discussed the work in the
+dvi-standard committee, especially the standardization of the various
+\Lcs{special} commands, that had been discussed by an extremely active
+interested group of implementors, meeting over several of ``working
+breakfasts and lunches''. I think that real progress was made in this
+area where a normative syntax had been awaited for too long. I am
+very grateful for the enthusiasm shown by these people, and am
+convinced that we shall see their work bear fruit in the near future
+(Tom told he will be working actively on his program \texttt{dvips}
+over the next few months, so that we can be sure, knowing Tom's
+reputation, that many of the hyper- and other goodies discussed during
+the conference, will become part of this, and other popular
+dvi-drivers).
+
+After the refreshment break T.~V.~Raman gave a practical demonstration
+of his ASTER system, which allows one to ``hear'' \LaTeX{} sources,
+including mathematical formulas, being read out. His system uses a
+speech synthesizer via an augmented emacs editor running with Common
+Lisp, and is able to analyse, decode and then transcribe into
+audible form well-structured \LaTeX{} documents. This last remark is
+extremely important, since, as already pointed out by Sebastian Rahtz
+in his talk earlier that day, due to the various (ambiguous) ways that
+mathematics can be coded in \TeX{}, there exists no automatic way to
+parse such \TeX{} source into something usable more generally, such as
+SGML or audible sound. This was the loudest plea yet for using
+well-structured markup.
+
+Just preceding the Conference dinner the editors of the various
+\TeX-related magazines had a second meeting to discuss ways of
+improving communication. It was decided to write a short overview of
+the experiences of each team for \emph{TTN}, to provide cross-references to
+each other's publications on the user groups' respective WWW pages,
+where tables of contents of the magazines will be posted (in fact,
+GUT\-enberg already decided to make freely available on the Internet
+via WWW, all articles---initially in \PS{} form only---of the
+\emph{Cahiers} and \emph{Lettre GUTenberg}). It was also proposed that
+all non-English publications try and provide an abstract in both the
+local language and in English, so that these abstracts can be
+published in \TUB\ (or elsewhere). Editors were also asked to
+signal potential articles that might be interesting for translation
+into English and publication into \TUB\ (of course, editors can
+translate articles from \TUB\ into their national language also!).
+Presently, CSTUG, GUST, GUTenberg, NTG, TUG, and \ukt\ are working on
+a TEXART CD-ROM that will make all publications of those user groups
+available on this electronic medium (and on the Web). It was also
+agreed that each author should be asked permission to reprint her/his
+article(s) in this way. During the meeting Gerard had the pleasure to
+offer the third \emph{MAPS} award to Barbara Beeton, the most senior and
+long-standing editor present for her 16 years of efforts to make
+\TUB\ an example of the typographic quality that can be achieved
+with \TeX{}.
+
+At the end of the conference dinner in the evening a set of books
+written (and dedicated) by Donald Knuth were put up for sale to the
+highest bidder. Even Lamport's \LaTeX{} book got a nice inscription by
+the hand of Knuth. After I let the the volumes of the ``Art of
+Computer Programming'' escape I concentrated on the ``big one'',
+namely the five volumes of \emph{Computers \& Typesetting}, who became
+mine for the nice little round sum of \$700. Adorned with the
+dedication of Donald Knuth this will remain one of the treasures of my
+personal library! The sales were an outstanding success and about
+\$1800 were collected towards the funding of the Euro\TeX{} bus which
+will take participants from Russia and central Europe to the
+Euro\TeX{}95 Conference in Papendaal (the Netherlands). Many thanks
+to Addison-Wesley, who donated the books.
+
+\section{Thursday July 27th}
+
+In his presentation T.~V.~Raman gave an overview of ASTER---an Audio
+System For Technical Rea\-dings---the system he demonstrated the day
+before. ASTER renders \LaTeX{} documents in an audible way, so that
+visually impaired persons can ``listen'' to their contents. Raman
+emphasized the importance of the use of clear generic markup for the
+input source document to ease the extraction of structural logical
+information that can be easily translated into an internal
+representation. ASTER then renders information by applying rendering
+rules written in AFL---Audio Formatting Language---to the internal
+representation. In a sense AFL is to audio formatting what \PS{} is to
+visual formatting (although AFL is by far not as complex). As a
+conclusion he emphasized that one needs a semantic-oriented DTD to
+produce a high-quality audio document. Since no such completely
+general DTD can be constructed, one has to use the facilities provided
+by \LaTeX{} and its hyper\TeX{}t extensions.
+
+Mark Doyle next reviewed the purpose and history of the Los Alamos preprint
+server, which is one of the first (and more successful) document
+servers on the Web. In fact it started in the area of
+(theoretical) High Energy Physics and took place in close
+collaboration with CERN (where WWW was ``invented''). Today several
+tens of thousands of preprints are available online and over 20000
+users visit the server each day. Although at present most documents
+are only available as (mainly \TeX) source and standard \PS{}, they are
+now producing \PDF{} versions that include cross-references to
+other documents on the Web using the \texttt{hyper\TeX} tool and \PDF\
+hypertext links. In this way cross-references to other
+documents can be easily instantiated.
+
+During the next half-hour I gave an introduction to Nikos Drakos' tool
+\texttt{latex2html} and showed how by simple customization the visual
+quality of the output HTML files can be substantially improved. I went
+on the show how the \texttt{latex2html} system also allows for
+interconnecting separate documents. I ended with a few examples of
+HTML3 output generated by an ad-hoc program developed at CERN and
+viewed with the HTML3-capable \texttt{arena} browser.
+
+After the break Sebastian Rahtz showed how with his \texttt{hypertex}
+package (sharing some code with the \texttt{Hyper\TeX} package
+discussed earlier by Mark Doyle) it is easy to turn \LaTeX{} documents
+into hyper-documents. Their ``hyper'' contents can be enriched by
+adding supplementary information about \LaTeX's cross-references via
+\Lcs{special} commands. These are picked up and translated into
+\PDF{}'s \texttt{pdfmark} commands by Mark Doyle's ``hypertext''
+\texttt{dvihps} program, an extension to Tom Rokicki's \texttt{dvips}
+program. Tom stated that these extensions will end up, in one form
+or another, in the forthcoming upgrade of standard \texttt{dvips}.
+
+The afternoon started by a second presentation of the \emph{4All\TeX}
+system, and, as always, there was great admiration amongst all those
+present for the ease with which it is possible to ``plug and play'',
+i.e., start to setup and run the system without much ado. It became
+all the more evident that such a CD-ROM for Unix is a real need, and a
+recurring proposal for the next great thing that TUG should come up
+with (and we are surely thinking about a way get this done).
+
+During the next hour I gave an introduction to SGML using HTML as an
+example of a DTD, and showed that it is not difficult to understand
+the structure and syntax of a DTD, and from there to figure out the
+various possible document elements, their attributes and the entities
+that are available to the user. Work on other DTD's for mathematics
+and tables were briefly mentioned, as were a few tools for authoring
+and checking SGML documents. I came away with the feeling that at the
+end of my talk most of the audience had a more balanced view about
+what SGML is, and what it is not. I therefore hope that my presentation
+will also contribute to eliminate most of the artificial animosity
+between the SGML and \TeX{} worlds. As Sebastian, myself and a few of
+the other speakers tried to show, SGML is about structure, and \TeX{}
+about typesetting, and the two tools are therefore complementary and
+both useful.
+
+Chris Hamlin, in the last scheduled talk of the day, described the
+production work at the American Physical Society, and, as expected, it
+is similar in content, form, and structure to what we had heard by
+other speakers (at this conference Elsevier, or at other conferences
+Springer, OUP, etc.), namely a mixture of \TeX{} and other
+word-processor inputs are accepted by the production team. The
+proportion of \TeX{} sources varies wildly between publications
+(between almost nothing in the chemical journals to well over 50--60\%
+in some of the physical journals). Various house styles are available,
+and at present ways are being investigated to translate the inputs
+into SGML to take full advantage of electronic publishing tools.
+
+The last part of the afternoon was for the TUG Business meeting.
+
+\section{Friday July 28th 1995}
+
+Already Friday. It seemed as though the Conference only just started,
+but the bags at the sides of the room and the now-empty vendor's room
+made us realize that we were only here for another few hours.
+
+The morning started with a paper submitted by Jonathan Fine, but read
+by Alan Hoenig in Jonathan's absence. The title was \emph{New
+ perspectives in \TeX{} Macros} and dealt with a possible way of
+combining the advantages of both SGML and \TeX. His \TeX{} macro
+package \textsc{simsim} takes SGML and style files as input and
+generates pages formatted with \TeX{} as output. \textsc{simsim} comes
+with an SGML parser and the style files are used to link \TeX{}
+actions to SGML events. The \textsc{simsim} system also offers a
+programming environment for writing \TeX{} macros and style files. At
+present issues of performance were not addressed directly but on
+sample documents the speed was comparable to that of \LaTeX{}. All by
+all an interesting idea, and I look forward to see Jonathan's finished
+product soon.
+
+Sergey Lesenko then told us about his \emph{t1part} tool that
+partially embeds Type1 \PS{} font files into a document. The
+principle is to include the \PS{} code for only those characters that
+are actually referenced. This can result in huge savings in size if
+one uses only a few characters from many fonts (the procedure is based
+on the same model that includes only the necessary Type3 bitmaps for
+characters built with \MF). Tom Rokicki and Sergey have been working
+together over the last few months and this facility will be built into
+the ``next'' version of Tom's \texttt{dvips}. I mentioned that Basil
+Malushev has a somewhat similar utility \texttt{fload}, that uses the
+publicly available \texttt{ghostscript} program to make a map of all
+referenced fonts and then includes only the characters needed.
+Basil's approach can be used for any kind of \PS{} file, so that it is
+complementary to Sergey's which is well integrated with \TeX{} and
+needs no supplementary external program. During the discussion there
+were some interesting remarks on copyright issues connected with
+including Type1 fonts inside documents. It was felt that, although
+partial font loading would make pirating fonts less effective, it
+does not mean that all font vendors would agree to let us include
+their fonts in this way in files distributed electronically (on CD-ROMs
+or the Internet). To be continued\ldots
+
+A more technical talk, on \MF{} this time, was Jeremy Gibbons'
+presentation \emph{Dotted and dashed lines in \MF}. He showed that
+drawing evenly spaced dotted and dashed lines in \MF{} is a
+non-trivial task, and he proposed several solutions to make it
+possible. He introduced the notions \emph{evenly spaced in time} as
+opposed to \emph{equally spaced in space} and went on to show that
+they are far from identical, since points can move at different
+``speeds'' in space as they progress along a path evenly in time.
+Using recursive adaptive refinement techniques he showed how one can
+solve the problem in \MF. His procedure can be extended to allow for
+dashed, or alternating dashes and dots. As recursive techniques have
+the unwanted feature that they can overflow the stack, Jeremy also
+proposed a solution based on an iterative non-adaptive technique that,
+although perhaps less elegant and automatic, does the job almost
+equally well. At the end of his talk he showed several attempts at
+drawing an attractive muskrat, the logo of the \emph{Mississippi
+ Muskrats} jazz band he used to play in.
+
+The last scheduled talk was by Robin Fairbairns. After explaining the
+principles of the \PS{} multiple master Type1 font format, Robin
+showed how a crude first system of using these fonts with \TeX{} was
+set up. All font instances are expressed in function of weights with
+respect to the master designs. These weights are calculated by the
+\PS{} interpreter from the design parameters via the \PS{} operator
+\texttt{ConvertDesignVector}. One has to use version 3.x of the
+\texttt{ghostscript} program to extract the weights, which were then
+used to generate the Adobe Font Metrics (AFM) instances from the AFM
+files for the master designs. Then Rokicki's \texttt{afm2tfm} program
+was run to generate corresponding tfm files needed by \TeX{}, while a
+header file was also defined to allow \texttt{dvips} to actually
+specify the font instances from the weightvector. This set up was used
+to typeset the last issue of \ukt's magazine \BV\ in
+Minion, one of Adobe's Multiple Master fonts.
+
+The morning ended with the ``Closing Ceremony'' and the announcements
+of the TUG95 prize winners.
+
+Christina Thiele, as vendor and public-relations liaison thanked the
+various companies who had vendor booths or otherwise contributed to
+the TUG95 conference, in particular Addison-Wesley for the books they
+donated (and that were put on for sale on the Wednesday evening for
+the Euro\TeX95 bus, and still a few left for another sales idea we are
+playing with for spicing the TUG96 bursary. Stay tuned to \TUB\ or
+\emph{TTN}!).
+
+Mimi Burbank, as Chair of the Organizing Committee, thanked all the
+people at SCRI who helped her financially, organizationally, by
+providing PC's or a printer. She also thanked the extremely efficient
+hotel staff for their never-ending devotion to a job well-done.
+
+Sebastian Rahtz, the chair of the Programming Committee, then
+announced the prize winners for TUG95. Just before coffee that
+morning all participants were asked to write down an ordered list of
+the four papers they liked most, and on the basis of that list it was
+Raman who was selected as best presentation, best paper, and most
+important contribution to the \TeX{} world (and humanity, one person
+wrote). The Knuth prize, for the paper discussing something that he
+``forgot'' in his \TeX{} program, went to Petr Sojka for his work on
+hyphenation. Other prizes went to Richard Kinch for \texttt{MetaFog}
+(who put his prize copy of Textures up for sale, so that the
+Euro\TeX{} bus got again somewhat more money to take home), Alan
+Hoenig for his marvellous Poetica work, Jeremy Gibbons for his
+entertaining and erudite explanation of \MF, and Sergey Lesenko and
+Tom Rokicki for partial font downloading, and work on dvi standards.
+Many thanks are due to the fine \TeX\ vendors Blue Sky Research, Y\&Y,
+PC\TeX, and Richard Kinch, who generously donated copies of their
+products for the prizes.
+
+Of course we did not forget
+our friends from NTG, without which this conference would not have
+been the same. Their \emph{4All\TeX} CD-ROM was one of the highlights
+at this conference (they sold about 40 copies, and the remaining 60
+were taken to the TUG office for selling them to the North American
+TUG community). Their ``presence'', good humour, the organization of
+the book auction, the coordination of the TEX-ED initiative and the
+hundred or so photos they took made them a memorable and unforgettable
+part of this meeting. Therefore a signed copy of the \MF{} book was
+given to Wietse Dol. In a gesture underlining their dedication to
+\TeX{} and TUG Wietse then offered TUG the two golden (original)
+CD-masters of the third edition of \emph{4All\TeX} that just appeared.
+I had the pleasure to receive them in name of TUG and I promised that
+they would be framed and displayed in a prominent place in the TUG
+office in San Francisco. The gifts were concluded with the UK \TeX\
+Users Group and TUG presented 2 bottles of wine, and 2 boxes of
+chocolates, to Don Knuth, maintaining the `2' theme begun by NTG's 2
+CDs at the start of the conference.
+
+Finally it was my duty to formally end the TUG95 meeting, and after
+thanking Knuth for his presence, which made this $2^{2^{2}}$th meeting
+even more special, I re-iterated the thanks to all vendors, SCRI and
+the hotel staff, for their display of (southern) American hospitality.
+Then I invited all participants to the next (17th) TUG annual meeting
+in 1996 in Dubna (Russia, 150 kms north of Moscow, on the Volga
+River), where from July 28th to August 1st TUG96 will be hosted by the
+Joint Institute of Nuclear Research.
+
+During the afternoon Alan Hoenig gave a partical introduction to the
+use of virtual fonts. He showed how they can be used to create new
+characters as various combinations of glyphs and rules. He described
+how Alan Jeffrey's \texttt{fontinst} package allows one to easily
+install \PS{} font families. In his usual pedagogical approach Alan
+made it all sound as though it is extremely simple and
+straightforward, and all fifty participants to this last ``event'' of
+the conference came away with the feeling there were ready to generate
+some virtual fonts themselves.
+
+\end{Article}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+