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-rw-r--r--systems/doc/aleph/ChangeLog11
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.html394
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.pdfbin218707 -> 218702 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/dvips/NEWS5
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/dvips/dvips.html2356
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/dvips/dvips.pdfbin418026 -> 418010 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/etex/ChangeLog15
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.hntbin1129777 -> 1093728 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.pdfbin1288384 -> 1292888 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.hntbin541120 -> 542761 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.pdfbin234052 -> 237043 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.tex129
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/kpathsea/NEWS14
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html2517
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdfbin384452 -> 391991 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/luatex/NEWS47
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/luatex/luatex-lua.tex35
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/luatex/luatex-tex.tex42
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/luatex/luatex.pdfbin1788528 -> 1793962 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/luatex/luatex.tex2
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/metapost/NEWS (renamed from systems/doc/metapost/CHANGES)9
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/metapost/mpman.pdfbin974807 -> 980209 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-numbersystems.tex26
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-optab.tex3
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-refman.tex5
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.bib17
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.tex5
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/NEWS10
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog66
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile213
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/README37
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/fdl-1.2.tex506
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-etex.txt4
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-pdfetex.txt8
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-crop.pdfbin0 -> 11525 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex48
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.tex (renamed from systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-w.tex)2
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.txt119
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-help.txt75
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-syntax.tex660
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftexconfig.txt21
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/makefiles.cmd13
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdfbin1007576 -> 970485 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-i.tex136
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-syntax.txt784
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-t.tex5692
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex.tex4354
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftexmanual.cls230
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.awk124
-rwxr-xr-xsystems/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl77
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/incl2.5.tex13
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/test-doc1incl25.tex9
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/8r.enc143
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/Makefile3
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8a.pfbbin0 -> 34869 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r+20.tfmbin0 -> 4644 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r-20.tfmbin0 -> 4644 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r.tfmbin0 -> 4644 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.tfmbin0 -> 6852 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.vfbin0 -> 2352 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.tfmbin0 -> 6848 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.vfbin0 -> 2352 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.tfmbin0 -> 6836 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.vfbin0 -> 2348 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.pfbbin0 -> 35752 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.tfmbin0 -> 1296 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/vfexp.tex19
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdb_history22
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdbinit123
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/Makefile3
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/cmr10.tfmbin0 -> 1296 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/f.tex9
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/rebuild.sh3
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/run.sh9
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/Makefile12
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/test-different-levels.tex47
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/Makefile22
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/fancyhdr.sty276
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-example.tex58
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.pdfbin0 -> 14431 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.tex14
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.pdfbin0 -> 4443 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.tex58
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/Makefile7
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/f.tex9
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/Makefile22
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttfbin0 -> 192740 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttfbin0 -> 120152 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/ec-uni.enc258
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/Makefile15
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f.tex20
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f2.tex7
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/Makefile12
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/f.tex32
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/test-structdest.tex39
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/Makefile28
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-basic.tex29
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-only.tex26
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/f.tex10
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttfbin0 -> 822956 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/gentium-ttf.tex7
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/texnansi-gentiumplus-regular.tfmbin0 -> 6220 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/Makefile16
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f.tex11
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f2.tex11
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f3.tex11
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f4.tex11
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/f.tex14
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/Makefile12
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.pdf791
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.tex38
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/Makefile10
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/fake-interword-space.tex31
l---------systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.pfb1
l---------systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.tfm1
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/Makefile20
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfbbin0 -> 3126 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pl18
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.ps112
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfmbin0 -> 148 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.pdfbin0 -> 14084 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.tex7
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/f.tex9
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/Makefile20
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/compositechars.tex56
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/Makefile7
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/f.tex14
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/Makefile11
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10-corrupt.pfbbin0 -> 35753 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10.tfmbin0 -> 1296 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/type1-segfault.tex16
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/Makefile7
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/f.tex13
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/Makefile10
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/doc.tex9
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/shadowbox.pdfbin0 -> 59397 bytes
-rw-r--r--systems/doc/xetex/NEWS5
142 files changed, 11987 insertions, 9545 deletions
diff --git a/systems/doc/aleph/ChangeLog b/systems/doc/aleph/ChangeLog
index 0d97ac202d..97f5be7298 100644
--- a/systems/doc/aleph/ChangeLog
+++ b/systems/doc/aleph/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
+2023-08-18 Hironobu Yamashita <h.y.acetaminophen@gmail.com>
+
+ * com16bit.ch: Sync with tex.ch changes:
+ - 2008-01-02 r6024 introduce expand_depth.
+ * eobase.ch: Sync with etex.ch changes:
+ - 2021-02-22 r57850 avoid "expansion depth" overflow.
+
+2023-03-09 Karl Berry <karl@tug.org>
+
+ * TL'23 release.
+
2023-02-21 Phelype Oleinik <phelype.oleinik@latex-project.org>
* latespecial.ch: reduce memory usage, a la HH/luatex.
diff --git a/systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.html b/systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.html
index 3fbc749c30..38e84b5127 100644
--- a/systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.html
+++ b/systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
-<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 7.0.2, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
+<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 7.1, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>A DVI-to-PNG translator</title>
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
span.r {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal}
span:hover a.copiable-link {visibility: visible}
td.printindex-index-entry {vertical-align: top}
-td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top}
+td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top; padding-left: 1em}
th.entries-header-printindex {text-align:left}
-th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left}
+th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left; padding-left: 1em}
ul.mark-bullet {list-style-type: disc}
ul.toc-numbered-mark {list-style: none}
-->
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ ul.toc-numbered-mark {list-style: none}
<p>
Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h1 class="top" id="dvipng">dvipng</h1>
+<h1 class="top" id="dvipng"><span>dvipng<a class="copiable-link" href="#dvipng"> &para;</a></span></h1>
<p>This manual documents dvipng, a program to translate a DVI (DeVice
Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics).
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics).
<p>
Next: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">dvipng</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Introduction-1">1 Introduction</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Introduction-1"><span>1 Introduction<a class="copiable-link" href="#Introduction-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ PNG, JPEG or GIF images.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Basic usage of dvipng</a>, Previous: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Installation-1">2 Installation</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Installation-1"><span>2 Installation<a class="copiable-link" href="#Installation-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration_002c-of-dvipng"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-compilation"></a>
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Basic usage of dvipng</a>,
<p>
Next: <a href="#Configure" accesskey="n" rel="next">Configure</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Prerequisites-1">2.1 Prerequisites</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Prerequisites-1"><span>2.1 Prerequisites<a class="copiable-link" href="#Prerequisites-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
<li>The GD Graphics Draw library, libgd
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ any modern system, if not, download them and install them.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Build_002finstall" accesskey="n" rel="next">Build/install</a>, Previous: <a href="#Prerequisites" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Prerequisites</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Configure-1">2.2 Configure</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Configure-1"><span>2.2 Configure<a class="copiable-link" href="#Configure-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>The first step is to configure the source code, telling it where
various files will be. To do so, run
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ are located in e.g., <samp class="file">/sw/local/include</samp>, do
<p>
Next: <a href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>, Previous: <a href="#Configure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Configure</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Build_002finstall-1">2.3 Build/install</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Build_002finstall-1"><span>2.3 Build/install<a class="copiable-link" href="#Build_002finstall-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>Once <samp class="file">configure</samp> has been run, simply enter
</p>
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ into system directories.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation for non-privileged users</a>, Previous: <a href="#Build_002finstall" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Build/install</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree-1">2.4 Installation outside the texmf tree</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree-1"><span>2.4 Installation outside the texmf tree<a class="copiable-link" href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>In some cases, a dvipng binary installed outside the texmf tree will
not be able to find virtual fonts, or the PostScript font maps
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ dvipng <em class="emph">is</em> installed in the texmf tree.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Installation-for-non_002dprivileged-users">2.5 Installation for non-privileged users</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Installation-for-non_002dprivileged-users"><span>2.5 Installation for non-privileged users<a class="copiable-link" href="#Installation-for-non_002dprivileged-users"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>Often people without system administration privileges want to install
software for their private use. In that case you need to specify more
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ access the documentation.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command-line options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Basic-usage-of-dvipng">3 Basic usage of dvipng</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Basic-usage-of-dvipng"><span>3 Basic usage of dvipng<a class="copiable-link" href="#Basic-usage-of-dvipng"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-invoking-dvipng"></a>
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ of available options, just type
<p>
Next: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Basic usage of dvipng</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Command_002dline-options-1">4 Command-line options</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Command_002dline-options-1"><span>4 Command-line options<a class="copiable-link" href="#Command_002dline-options-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-command_002dline-options"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-dvipng"></a>
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Option-details" accesskey="n" rel="next">Option details</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Option-summary-1">4.1 Option summary</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Option-summary-1"><span>4.1 Option summary<a class="copiable-link" href="#Option-summary-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-summary"></a>
<p>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ These do not correspond to dvips options:
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Option-summary" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Option summary</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Option-details-1">4.2 Option details</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Option-details-1"><span>4.2 Option details<a class="copiable-link" href="#Option-details-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-option_002c-details-of"></a>
@@ -524,9 +524,9 @@ page reversal, use &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-r0</samp>&rsquo;. Such options ar
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">*</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from"></a>
-<p>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from"></a>
+<a id="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
line.
</p>
</dd>
@@ -540,9 +540,9 @@ line.
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-bd <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-bd <var class="var">color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
-<dt id='index-transparent-border-width'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-bd '<var class="var">num</var> <var class="var">color_spec</var>'</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-transparent-border-width'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-transparent-border-fallback-color"></a>
-<p>Set the pixel width of the transparent border (default 0). Using this
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-transparent-border-fallback-color"></a>
+<a id="index-transparent-border-width"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-bd '<var class="var">num</var> <var class="var">color_spec</var>'</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-transparent-border-width"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the pixel width of the transparent border (default 0). Using this
option will make the image edges transparent, but it only affects pixels
with the background color. Giving a <var class="var">color_spec</var> will set the
fallback color, to be used in viewers that cannot handle transparency
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ TeX color \special syntax, e.g., &rsquo;rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0&rsquo;. Setting the
fallback color makes the default border width 1 px. See <a class="xref" href="#Color">Color</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-base-resolution_002c-setting'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--bdpi <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-base-resolution_002c-setting'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-base-resolution_002c-setting"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--bdpi <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-base-resolution_002c-setting"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. The
option sets the base (Metafont) resolution, both horizontal and
vertical, to <var class="var">num</var> dpi (dots per inch). This option is necessary
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ when manually selecting Metafont mode with the &ndash;mode option (see
below).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-background-color-_0028option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-bg <var class="var">color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-background-color-_0028option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-background-color-_0028option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-bg <var class="var">color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-background-color-_0028option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Choose background color for the images. This option will be ignored if
there is a background color \special in the DVI. The color spec should
be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., &rsquo;rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0&rsquo;. You can
@@ -573,14 +573,14 @@ images do not support full alpha transparency, so in case of GIF output,
both variants will use the latter behaviour. See <a class="xref" href="#Color">Color</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-debugging'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-d <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-debugging'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-debugging"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-d <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-debugging"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the debug flags, showing what dvipng (thinks it) is doing. This will
work unless dvipng has been compiled without the <code class="code">DEBUG</code> option
(not recommended). Set the flags as you need them, use &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-d -1</samp>&rsquo; as
the first option for maximum output. See <a class="xref" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-output-resolution_002c-setting'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-D <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-output-resolution_002c-setting'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-output-resolution_002c-setting"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-D <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-output-resolution_002c-setting"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the output resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to <var class="var">num</var>
dpi (dots per inch).
</p>
@@ -601,9 +601,9 @@ is usually 96 dpi) which means the formula is
<p>On some high-res screens, the value is instead 120 dpi. Good luck!
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-baseline-reporting'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--depth*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-baseline-reporting'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-depth-reporting"></a>
-<p>Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-depth-reporting"></a>
+<a id="index-baseline-reporting"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--depth*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-baseline-reporting"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the
LaTeX style <samp class="file">preview.sty</samp> from preview-latex is used with
the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">active</samp>&rsquo; option. It reports the number of pixels from the
bottom of the image to the baseline of the image. This can be used for
@@ -622,14 +622,14 @@ numbers rather than the physical page number. See the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-fg <var class="var">color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-fg <var class="var">color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Choose foreground color for the images. This option will be ignored if
there is a foreground color \special in the DVI. The color spec should
be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., &rsquo;rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0&rsquo;.
See <a class="xref" href="#Color">Color</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-follow-mode'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--follow*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-follow-mode'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-follow-mode"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--follow*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-follow-mode"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Wait for data at end-of-file. One of the benefits of dvipng is that it
does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX
finishes. This switch makes dvipng wait at end-of-file for further
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ output, unless it finds the POST marker that indicates the end of the
DVI. This is similar to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">tail -f</samp>&rsquo; but for DVI-to-PNG conversion.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-FreeType-font-rendering'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--freetype*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-FreeType-font-rendering'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-FreeType-font-rendering"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--freetype*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-FreeType-font-rendering"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Enable/disable FreeType font rendering (default on). This option is
available if the FreeType2 font library was present at compilation time.
If this is the case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript
@@ -652,17 +652,17 @@ identical output on different platforms, since FreeType uses the native
renderer and therefore can give slightly different output on each platform.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-gamma'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--gamma <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-gamma'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dark-fonts"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dark-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-light-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fuzzy-images"></a>
-<p>Control the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing
+<a id="index-gamma"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--gamma <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-gamma"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Control the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing
color palette. Default value is 1.0. For 0 &lt; <var class="var">num</var> &lt; 1, the
fonts will be lighter (more like the background), and for <var class="var">num</var> &gt;
1, the fonts will be darker (more like the foreground).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-GIF-image-format'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--gif*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-GIF-image-format'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-GIF-image-format"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--gif*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-GIF-image-format"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The images are output in the GIF format, if GIF support is enabled.
This is the default for the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">dvigif</samp>&rsquo; binary, which only will be
available when GIF support is enabled. GIF images are palette images
@@ -671,9 +671,9 @@ channels (see the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--bg</samp>&rsquo; option). See also
option.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-baseline-reporting-1'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--height*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-baseline-reporting-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-height-reporting"></a>
-<p>Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-height-reporting"></a>
+<a id="index-baseline-reporting-1"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--height*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-baseline-reporting-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the
LaTeX style <samp class="file">preview.sty</samp> from preview-latex is used with
the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">active</samp>&rsquo; option. It reports the number of pixels from the top
of the image to the baseline of the image. The total height of the
@@ -681,11 +681,11 @@ image is obtained as the sum of the values reported from
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--height</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--depth</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-last-page-printed'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l [=]<var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-last-page-printed'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page_002c-last-printed"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page_002c-last-printed"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></a>
-<p>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var class="var">num</var>. Default
+<a id="index-last-page-printed"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l [=]<var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-last-page-printed"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var class="var">num</var>. Default
is the last page in the document. If <var class="var">num</var> is prefixed by an equals
sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo; option, if specified)
is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to
@@ -694,9 +694,9 @@ Thus, using &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l =9</samp>&rsquo; will end with the nint
no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-mode-name_002c-specifying'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--mode <var class="var">mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mode-name_002c-specifying'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying"></a>
-<p>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. Use
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying"></a>
+<a id="index-mode-name_002c-specifying"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--mode <var class="var">mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. Use
<var class="var">mode</var> as the Metafont device name for the PK fonts (both for path
searching and font generation). This needs to be augmented with the base
device resolution, given with the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--bdpi</samp>&rsquo; option. See the file
@@ -704,20 +704,20 @@ device resolution, given with the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--bdpi</samp>&rsquo;
names for most devices. See <a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a> in <cite class="cite">Kpathsea</cite>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-font-generation_002c-avoiding'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-M*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"></a>
-<p>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. It turns
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"></a>
+<a id="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-M*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. It turns
off automatic PK font generation (<samp class="file">mktexpk</samp>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--nogs*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--nogs*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>This switch prohibits the internal call to GhostScript for displaying
PostScript specials. &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--nogs0</samp>&rsquo; turns the call back on.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--nogssafer*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002ddSAFER"></a>
-<p>Normally, if GhostScript is used to render PostScript specials, the
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002ddSAFER"></a>
+<a id="index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--nogssafer*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Normally, if GhostScript is used to render PostScript specials, the
GhostScript interpreter is run with the option &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-dSAFER</samp>&rsquo;. The
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--nogssafer</samp>&rsquo; option runs GhostScript without &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-dSAFER</samp>&rsquo;. The
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-dSAFER</samp>&rsquo; option in Ghostscript disables PostScript operators such
@@ -725,23 +725,23 @@ as deletefile, to prevent possibly malicious PostScript programs from
having any effect.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--norawps*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--norawps*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Some packages generate raw PostScript specials, even non-rendering such
specials. This switch turns off the internal call to GhostScript
intended to display these raw PostScript specials. &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--norawps0</samp>&rsquo;
turns the call back on.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-output_002c-redirecting'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-o <var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-output_002c-redirecting'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-standard-output_002c-output-to"></a>
-<p>Send output to the file <var class="var">name</var>. A single occurrence of &lsquo;<samp class="samp">%d</samp>&rsquo; or
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-standard-output_002c-output-to"></a>
+<a id="index-output_002c-redirecting"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-o <var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-output_002c-redirecting"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Send output to the file <var class="var">name</var>. A single occurrence of &lsquo;<samp class="samp">%d</samp>&rsquo; or
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">%01d</samp>&rsquo;, &hellip;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">%09d</samp>&rsquo; will be exchanged for the physical
page number (this can be changed, see the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--dvinum</samp>&rsquo; switch). The
default output filename is &lsquo;<samp class="samp"><var class="var">file</var>%d.png</samp>&rsquo; where the input DVI
file was &lsquo;<samp class="samp"><var class="var">file</var>.dvi</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-offset-pages'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-O <var class="var">x-offset</var>,<var class="var">y-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-offset-pages'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-offset-pages"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-O <var class="var">x-offset</var>,<var class="var">y-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-offset-pages"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Move the origin by <var class="var">x-offset</var>,<var class="var">y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</samp>&rsquo;.
The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
@@ -749,11 +749,11 @@ The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
the paper) by this amount.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-first-page-printed'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p [=]<var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-first-page-printed'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page_002c-first-printed"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page_002c-first-printed"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></a>
-<p>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var class="var">num</var>. Default
+<a id="index-first-page-printed"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p [=]<var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-first-page-printed"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var class="var">num</var>. Default
is the first page in the document. If <var class="var">num</var> is prefixed by an
equals sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo; option, if
specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ DVI file. Thus, using &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p =3</samp>&rsquo; will start
the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-forcing-palette-output'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--palette*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-forcing-palette-output'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-forcing-palette-output"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--palette*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-forcing-palette-output"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>When an external image is included, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">dvipng</samp>&rsquo; will automatically
switch to truecolor mode, to avoid unnecessary delay and quality
reduction, and enable the EPS translator to draw on a transparent
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ clipped image inclusion. This will also override the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-
switch if present.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-no-erroneous-images'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--picky*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-no-erroneous-images'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-no-erroneous-images"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--picky*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-no-erroneous-images"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>No images are output when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will
output an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something
missing in this image. One reason to use this option would be if you
@@ -782,12 +782,12 @@ but warnings will also occur for missing or unknown color specs and
missing PK fonts.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-PNG-image-format'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--png*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-PNG-image-format'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-PNG-image-format"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--png*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-PNG-image-format"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The images are output in the PNG format. This is the default for the
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">dvipng</samp>&rsquo; binary. See also the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--gif</samp>&rsquo; option.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-page-range'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-pp <var class="var">firstpage</var>-<var class="var">lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-page-range'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-page-range"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-pp <var class="var">firstpage</var>-<var class="var">lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-page-range"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Print pages <var class="var">firstpage</var> through <var class="var">lastpage</var>; but not quite
equivalent to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p <var class="var">firstpage</var> -l <var class="var">lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo;. For example,
when rendering a book, there may be several instances of a page in the
@@ -807,29 +807,29 @@ page numbered -1 (only the table of contents, say) put &lsquo;<samp class="samp"
or more readable, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-pp -1:-1</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-quiet-operation'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-q*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-quiet-operation'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-silent-operation"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-silent-operation"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-warnings_002c-suppressing"></a>
-<p>Run quietly. Don&rsquo;t chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
+<a id="index-quiet-operation"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-q*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-quiet-operation"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Run quietly. Don&rsquo;t chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-antialiasing-levels_002c-number-of'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-Q <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-antialiasing-levels_002c-number-of'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quality"></a>
-<p>Set the quality to <var class="var">num</var>. That is, choose the number of antialiasing
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quality"></a>
+<a id="index-antialiasing-levels_002c-number-of"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-Q <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-antialiasing-levels_002c-number-of"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the quality to <var class="var">num</var>. That is, choose the number of antialiasing
levels for bitmapped fonts (PK), to be
<var class="var">num</var>*<var class="var">num</var>+1. The default value is 4 which gives 17 levels of
antialiasing for antialiased fonts from these two. If FreeType is
available, its rendering is unaffected by this option.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-reverse-pagination'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-r*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-reverse-pagination'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-reverse-pagination"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-r*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-reverse-pagination"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Toggle output of pages in reverse/forward order. By default, the first
page in the DVI is output first.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-exit-on-erroneous-images'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--strict*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-exit-on-erroneous-images'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-exit-on-erroneous-images"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--strict*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-exit-on-erroneous-images"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The program exits when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will output
an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something missing in
this image. One reason to use this option would be if you have a more
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ the left in the produced image. The value &lsquo;<samp class="samp">tight</samp>
only include all ink put on the page, producing neat images.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-truecolor-output'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--truecolor*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-truecolor-output'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-truecolor-output"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--truecolor*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-truecolor-output"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>This will make &lsquo;<samp class="samp">dvipng</samp>&rsquo; generate truecolor output. Note that
truecolor output is automatic if you include an external image in your
DVI, e.g., via a PostScript special (i.e., the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">graphics</samp>&rsquo; or
@@ -861,12 +861,12 @@ DVI, e.g., via a PostScript special (i.e., the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">graphic
used, in addition to the usual output.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-width-reporting'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--width*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-width-reporting'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-width-reporting"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--width*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-width-reporting"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Report the width of the image. See also &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--height</samp>&rsquo; and
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--depth</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-x <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-x <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>This option is deprecated; it should not be used. It is much better to
select the output resolution directly with the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-D</samp>&rsquo; option. This
option sets the magnification ratio to <em class="math"><var class="var">num</var>/1000</em> and
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ total number of PK files generated. <var class="var">num</var> may be a real nu
an integer, for increased precision.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-compression'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-z <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-compression'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-compression"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-z <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-compression"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the PNG compression level to <var class="var">num</var>. This option is enabled if
your &lsquo;<samp class="samp">libgd</samp>&rsquo; is new enough. The default compression level is 1,
which selects maximum speed at the price of slightly larger PNGs. For an
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ correspond directly to the zlib compression levels.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Color" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color</a>, Previous: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command-line options</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Graphics-1">5 Graphics</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Graphics-1"><span>5 Graphics<a class="copiable-link" href="#Graphics-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<p>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">dvipng</samp>&rsquo; attempts to handle graphics as included by the
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">graphicx</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">graphics</samp>&rsquo; packages, without the need of
@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ packages. Some of the possibilities and problems are mentioned below.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Bitmapped-graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Bitmapped graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Encapsulated-PostScript-1">5.1 Encapsulated PostScript</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Encapsulated-PostScript-1"><span>5.1 Encapsulated PostScript<a class="copiable-link" href="#Encapsulated-PostScript-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>When an EPS file is included, a call to GhostScript is performed to
produce a bitmapped image that can be included. The default is to
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ in this example (using &lsquo;<samp class="samp">graphicx</samp>&rsquo;):
<p>
Next: <a href="#Raw-PostScript" accesskey="n" rel="next">Raw PostScript</a>, Previous: <a href="#Encapsulated-PostScript" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Encapsulated PostScript</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Bitmapped-graphics-1">5.2 Bitmapped graphics</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Bitmapped-graphics-1"><span>5.2 Bitmapped graphics<a class="copiable-link" href="#Bitmapped-graphics-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>dvipng can include PNG, JPEG and GIF graphics. When including such
images via &lsquo;<samp class="samp">\includegraphics</samp>&rsquo; you need to specify the bounding
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ wide:
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Bitmapped-graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bitmapped graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Raw-PostScript-1">5.3 Raw PostScript</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Raw-PostScript-1"><span>5.3 Raw PostScript<a class="copiable-link" href="#Raw-PostScript-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>dvipng attempts to handle raw PostScript. Rendering raw PostScript
specials is done on top of the page by including a transparent image
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ the slower fallback for these pages.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="n" rel="next">Diagnosing problems</a>, Previous: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Color-1">6 Color</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Color-1"><span>6 Color<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<p>To support color, dvipng recognizes a certain set of specials as
generated by the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">color</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">xcolor</samp>&rsquo; style files. These
@@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ specials start with the keyword &lsquo;<samp class="samp">color</samp>&rsquo; or
<p>
Next: <a href="#Color-specials" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color specials</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Color-specifications-1">6.1 Color specifications</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Color-specifications-1"><span>6.1 Color specifications<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-specifications-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-specifications"></a>
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ See <a class="xref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Color-specifications" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color specifications</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Color-specials-1">6.2 Color specials</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Color-specials-1"><span>6.2 Color specials<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-specials-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>We will describe &lsquo;<samp class="samp">background</samp>&rsquo; first, since it is the simplest. The
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">background</samp>&rsquo; keyword must be followed by a color specification.
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ the pages are rendered repeatedly or in reverse order.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Credits" accesskey="n" rel="next">Credits</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Diagnosing-problems-1">7 Diagnosing problems</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Diagnosing-problems-1"><span>7 Diagnosing problems<a class="copiable-link" href="#Diagnosing-problems-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-problems"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-trouble"></a>
@@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ yourself in such a situation.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Debug-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Debug options</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Contact-information-1">7.1 Contact information</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Contact-information-1"><span>7.1 Contact information<a class="copiable-link" href="#Contact-information-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>Bug reports should be sent to
<a class="email" href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>.
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ problems, see <a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpaths
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Contact-information" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Contact information</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Debug-options-1">7.2 Debug options</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Debug-options-1"><span>7.2 Debug options<a class="copiable-link" href="#Debug-options-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>The &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-d</samp>&rsquo; flag to dvipng helps in tracking down certain errors. The
parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are
@@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@ track all classes, you can use <code class="code">-1</code>.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Copying" accesskey="n" rel="next">Copying</a>, Previous: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Diagnosing problems</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Credits-1">8 Credits</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Credits-1"><span>8 Credits<a class="copiable-link" href="#Credits-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<p>A number of persons have contributed, if I forget to mention someone,
I apologize. First and foremost we have David Kastrup whose
@@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ Waldeck Schutzer, Ahzo, and Andy Nguyen.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#Credits" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Credits</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Copying-1">9 Copying</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Copying-1"><span>9 Copying<a class="copiable-link" href="#Copying-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<p>This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
@@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ License along with this program. If not, see
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Copying" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Copying</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">dvipng</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1">Index</h2>
+<h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1"><span>Index<a class="copiable-link" href="#Index-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<div class="printindex cp-printindex">
<table class="cp-letters-header-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>-</b></a>
@@ -1341,115 +1341,115 @@ Previous: <a href="#Copying" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Copying</a>, Up: <a href="
&nbsp;
</td></tr></table>
<table class="cp-entries-printindex" border="0">
-<tr><td></td><th class="entries-header-printindex">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th class="sections-header-printindex"> Section</th></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">-</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ddSAFER">-dSAFER</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-antialiasing-levels_002c-number-of">antialiasing levels<span class="r">, number of</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-background-color-_0028option_0029">background color (option)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-base-resolution_002c-setting">base resolution, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-baseline-reporting">baseline reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-baseline-reporting-1">baseline reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-specifications">color specifications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command_002dline-options">command-line options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compilation">compilation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compression">compression</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-dvipng">configuration, of dvipng</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dark-fonts">dark fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging">debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-1">debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-depth-reporting">depth reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-exit-on-erroneous-images">exit on erroneous images</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-first-page-printed">first page printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-follow-mode">follow mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding">font generation, avoiding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-forcing-palette-output">forcing palette output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029">foreground color (option)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FreeType-font-rendering">FreeType font rendering</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fuzzy-images">fuzzy images</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gamma">gamma</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER">GhostScript and -dSAFER</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off">GhostScript, turning off</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GIF-image-format">GIF image format</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-height-reporting">height reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-dvipng">installation, of dvipng</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-invoking-dvipng">invoking dvipng</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last-page-printed">last page printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-light-fonts">light fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI">magnification, overriding DVI</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying">Metafont mode, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"><code>mktexpk<span class="r">, avoiding</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying">mode name, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-no-erroneous-images">no erroneous images</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-offset-pages">offset pages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of">option, details of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-dvipng">options, dvipng</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input">options, reading from standard input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-summary">options, summary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-resolution_002c-setting">output resolution, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting">output, redirecting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-range">page range</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed">page, first printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed">page, last printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PNG-image-format">PNG image format</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-inclusion-problems">PostScript inclusion problems</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encapsulated-PostScript">Encapsulated PostScript</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials">PostScript, turning off raw PostScript specials</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-problems">problems</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quality">quality</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quiet-operation">quiet operation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reverse-pagination">reverse pagination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-silent-operation">silent operation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from">standard input, reading options from</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to">standard output, output to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-transparent-border-fallback-color">transparent border fallback color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-transparent-border-width">transparent border width</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trouble">trouble</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-truecolor-output">truecolor output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-width-reporting">width reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><th class="entries-header-printindex">Index Entry</th><th class="sections-header-printindex">Section</th></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">-</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ddSAFER">-dSAFER</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-antialiasing-levels_002c-number-of">antialiasing levels<span class="r">, number of</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-background-color-_0028option_0029">background color (option)</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-base-resolution_002c-setting">base resolution, setting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-baseline-reporting">baseline reporting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-baseline-reporting-1">baseline reporting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-specifications">color specifications</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command_002dline-options">command-line options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compilation">compilation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compression">compression</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-dvipng">configuration, of dvipng</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dark-fonts">dark fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging">debugging</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-1">debugging</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-depth-reporting">depth reporting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-exit-on-erroneous-images">exit on erroneous images</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-first-page-printed">first page printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-follow-mode">follow mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding">font generation, avoiding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-forcing-palette-output">forcing palette output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029">foreground color (option)</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FreeType-font-rendering">FreeType font rendering</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fuzzy-images">fuzzy images</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gamma">gamma</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER">GhostScript and -dSAFER</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off">GhostScript, turning off</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GIF-image-format">GIF image format</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-height-reporting">height reporting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-dvipng">installation, of dvipng</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-invoking-dvipng">invoking dvipng</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last-page-printed">last page printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-light-fonts">light fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI">magnification, overriding DVI</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying">Metafont mode, specifying</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"><code>mktexpk<span class="r">, avoiding</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying">mode name, specifying</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-no-erroneous-images">no erroneous images</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-offset-pages">offset pages</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of">option, details of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-dvipng">options, dvipng</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input">options, reading from standard input</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-summary">options, summary</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-resolution_002c-setting">output resolution, setting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting">output, redirecting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-range">page range</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed">page, first printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed">page, last printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PNG-image-format">PNG image format</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-inclusion-problems">PostScript inclusion problems</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encapsulated-PostScript">Encapsulated PostScript</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials">PostScript, turning off raw PostScript specials</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-problems">problems</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quality">quality</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quiet-operation">quiet operation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reverse-pagination">reverse pagination</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-silent-operation">silent operation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from">standard input, reading options from</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to">standard output, output to</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-transparent-border-fallback-color">transparent border fallback color</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-transparent-border-width">transparent border width</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trouble">trouble</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-truecolor-output">truecolor output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-width-reporting">width reporting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
</table>
<table class="cp-letters-footer-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>-</b></a>
&nbsp;
diff --git a/systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.pdf b/systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.pdf
index a33c295355..9b5adab1fe 100644
--- a/systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.pdf
+++ b/systems/doc/dvipng/dvipng.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/dvips/NEWS b/systems/doc/dvips/NEWS
index f301547e26..303b6f709b 100644
--- a/systems/doc/dvips/NEWS
+++ b/systems/doc/dvips/NEWS
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-$Id: NEWS 65770 2023-02-09 21:26:50Z karl $
+$Id: NEWS 69711 2024-02-05 17:23:27Z karl $
This file records noteworthy changes. (Public domain.)
+dvips 2024.1 (TeX Live 2024):
+ Support for multibyte characters in virtual fonts to OFM fonts for (u)pTeX.
+
dvips 2023.1 (TeX Live 2023):
Check --help and --version early to avoid looking for texmf.cnf.
diff --git a/systems/doc/dvips/dvips.html b/systems/doc/dvips/dvips.html
index 54d42fa9a5..0d42260044 100644
--- a/systems/doc/dvips/dvips.html
+++ b/systems/doc/dvips/dvips.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
-<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 7.0.2, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
+<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 7.1, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
-<!-- This manual documents Dvips version 2023.1
-(February 2022), a program to translate a DVI file into
+<!-- This manual documents Dvips version 2024.1
+(February 2024), a program to translate a DVI file into
PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. -->
<title>Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</title>
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ pre.display-preformatted {font-family: inherit}
span.r {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal}
span:hover a.copiable-link {visibility: visible}
td.printindex-index-entry {vertical-align: top}
-td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top}
+td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top; padding-left: 1em}
th.entries-header-printindex {text-align:left}
-th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left}
+th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left; padding-left: 1em}
ul.mark-bullet {list-style-type: disc}
ul.mark-minus {list-style-type: "\2212"}
ul.toc-numbered-mark {list-style: none}
@@ -56,14 +56,30 @@ ul.toc-numbered-mark {list-style: none}
<p>
Next: <a href="#Why-Dvips" accesskey="n" rel="next">Why use Dvips?</a>, Up: <a href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h1 class="top" id="Dvips">Dvips</h1>
+<h1 class="top" id="Dvips"><span>Dvips<a class="copiable-link" href="#Dvips"> &para;</a></span></h1>
-<p>This manual documents Dvips version 2023.1
-(February 2022), a program to translate a DVI file into
+<p>This manual documents Dvips version 2024.1
+(February 2024), a program to translate a DVI file into
PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.
</p>
+<div class="element-shortcontents" id="SEC_Shortcontents">
+<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2>
+
+<div class="shortcontents">
+<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
+<li><a id="stoc-Why-use-Dvips_003f" href="#toc-Why-use-Dvips_003f">1 Why use Dvips?</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Installation-1" href="#toc-Installation-1">2 Installation</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Invoking-Dvips-1" href="#toc-Invoking-Dvips-1">3 Invoking Dvips</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation" href="#toc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1" href="#toc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1">5 Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-PostScript-fonts-1" href="#toc-PostScript-fonts-1">6 PostScript fonts</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Color-1" href="#toc-Color-1">7 Color</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Index-1" href="#toc-Index-1" rel="index">Index</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="element-contents" id="SEC_Contents">
<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
@@ -186,29 +202,13 @@ PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.
</ul>
</div>
</div>
-<div class="element-shortcontents" id="SEC_Shortcontents">
-<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2>
-
-<div class="shortcontents">
-<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
-<li><a id="stoc-Why-use-Dvips_003f" href="#toc-Why-use-Dvips_003f">1 Why use Dvips?</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Installation-1" href="#toc-Installation-1">2 Installation</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Invoking-Dvips-1" href="#toc-Invoking-Dvips-1">3 Invoking Dvips</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation" href="#toc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1" href="#toc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1">5 Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-PostScript-fonts-1" href="#toc-PostScript-fonts-1">6 PostScript fonts</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Color-1" href="#toc-Color-1">7 Color</a></li>
-<li><a id="stoc-Index-1" href="#toc-Index-1" rel="index">Index</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</div>
<hr>
<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Why-Dvips">
<div class="nav-panel">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Dvips</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Why-use-Dvips_003f">1 Why use Dvips?</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Why-use-Dvips_003f"><span>1 Why use Dvips?<a class="copiable-link" href="#Why-use-Dvips_003f"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<p>The Dvips program has a number of features that set it apart from
other PostScript drivers for TeX. This rather long section describes
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ structure of the program.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invoking Dvips</a>, Previous: <a href="#Why-Dvips" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Why use Dvips?</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Installation-1">2 Installation</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Installation-1"><span>2 Installation<a class="copiable-link" href="#Installation-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-compilation"></a>
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ sections below. Also, to configure color devices, see <a class="pxref" href="#C
<p>
Next: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript font installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="config_002eps-installation-1">2.1 <samp class="file">config.ps</samp> installation</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="config_002eps-installation-1"><span>2.1 <samp class="file">config.ps</samp> installation<a class="copiable-link" href="#config_002eps-installation-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-config_002eps-installation"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-installation-of-config_002eps"></a>
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ Z
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ghostscript installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#config_002eps-installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><samp class="file">config.ps</samp> installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="PostScript-font-installation-1">2.2 PostScript font installation</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="PostScript-font-installation-1"><span>2.2 PostScript font installation<a class="copiable-link" href="#PostScript-font-installation-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript"></a>
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ for lots of information about how it works.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="n" rel="next">Diagnosing problems</a>, Previous: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript font installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Ghostscript-installation-1">2.3 Ghostscript installation</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Ghostscript-installation-1"><span>2.3 Ghostscript installation<a class="copiable-link" href="#Ghostscript-installation-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Ghostscript-installation"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-gs-installation"></a>
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ and is available from <a class="url" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gv">http
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ghostscript installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Diagnosing-problems-1">2.4 Diagnosing problems</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Diagnosing-problems-1"><span>2.4 Diagnosing problems<a class="copiable-link" href="#Diagnosing-problems-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-problems"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-trouble"></a>
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ settings you expect.
<p>
Next: <a href="#No-output" accesskey="n" rel="next">No output at all</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Debug-options-1">2.4.1 Debug options</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Debug-options-1"><span>2.4.1 Debug options<a class="copiable-link" href="#Debug-options-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-debugging-options"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-debugging"></a>
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ provided by Kpathsea (see <a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinf
<p>
Next: <a href="#Small-or-inverted" accesskey="n" rel="next">Output too small or inverted</a>, Previous: <a href="#Debug-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Debug options</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="No-output-at-all">2.4.2 No output at all</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="No-output-at-all"><span>2.4.2 No output at all<a class="copiable-link" href="#No-output-at-all"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output_002c-none"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-no-output-at-all"></a>
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ comments and see what happens.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Printer-errors" accesskey="n" rel="next">Error messages from printer</a>, Previous: <a href="#No-output" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No output at all</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Output-too-small-or-inverted">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Output-too-small-or-inverted"><span>2.4.3 Output too small or inverted<a class="copiable-link" href="#Output-too-small-or-inverted"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output_002c-too-small"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output_002c-inverted"></a>
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ See <a class="xref" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, a
<p>
Next: <a href="#Long-documents-fail" accesskey="n" rel="next">Long documents fail to print</a>, Previous: <a href="#Small-or-inverted" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output too small or inverted</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Error-messages-from-printer">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Error-messages-from-printer"><span>2.4.4 Error messages from printer<a class="copiable-link" href="#Error-messages-from-printer"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-printer-errors"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-error-messages-from-printer"></a>
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ might be a problem with the printer itself.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails" accesskey="n" rel="next">Including graphics fails</a>, Previous: <a href="#Printer-errors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Error messages from printer</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Long-documents-fail-to-print">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Long-documents-fail-to-print"><span>2.4.5 Long documents fail to print<a class="copiable-link" href="#Long-documents-fail-to-print"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-long-documents-not-printing"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-failure_002c-of-long-documents"></a>
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ the printer has in the configuration file; see the previous section.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Long-documents-fail" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Long documents fail to print</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Including-graphics-fails-1">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Including-graphics-fails-1"><span>2.4.6 Including graphics fails<a class="copiable-link" href="#Including-graphics-fails-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-including-graphics-fails"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-graphics-inclusion-fails"></a>
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ looking for a particular comment.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="n" rel="next">Paper size and landscape orientation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Invoking-Dvips-1">3 Invoking Dvips</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Invoking-Dvips-1"><span>3 Invoking Dvips<a class="copiable-link" href="#Invoking-Dvips-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-command_002dline-options"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-Dvips"></a>
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ environment variables, and command-line options.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command-line options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Basic-usage-of-Dvips">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Basic-usage-of-Dvips"><span>3.1 Basic usage of Dvips<a class="copiable-link" href="#Basic-usage-of-Dvips"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-usage_002c-basic"></a>
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ of available options, run
<p>
Next: <a href="#Environment-variables" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environment variables</a>, Previous: <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Basic usage of Dvips</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Command_002dline-options-1">3.2 Command-line options</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Command_002dline-options-1"><span>3.2 Command-line options<a class="copiable-link" href="#Command_002dline-options-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>Dvips has a plethora of command line options. Reading through this
section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Option-details" accesskey="n" rel="next">Option details</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Option-summary-1">3.2.1 Option summary</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Option-summary-1"><span>3.2.1 Option summary<a class="copiable-link" href="#Option-summary-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-summary"></a>
<p>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ Email bug reports to tex-k@mail.tug.org.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Option-summary" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Option summary</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Option-details-1">3.2.2 Option details</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Option-details-1"><span>3.2.2 Option details<a class="copiable-link" href="#Option-details-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-option_002c-details-of"></a>
@@ -869,87 +869,87 @@ page reversal, use &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-r0</samp>&rsquo;. Such options ar
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">*</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_002d'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from"></a>
-<p>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
+<a id="index-_002d"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
line.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dhelp-1'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--help</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dhelp-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dhelp-1"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--help</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Print a usage message and exit.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dversion'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--version</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dversion'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dversion"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--version</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dversion"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Print the version number and exit.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002da'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-a*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002da'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-memory_002c-conserving"></a>
-<p>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-memory_002c-conserving"></a>
+<a id="index-_002da"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-a*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002da"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead
of two and only loading those characters actually used. Generally only
useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dA'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-A</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dA'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-odd-pages-only"></a>
-<p>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-odd-pages-only"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dA"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-A</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dA"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX
page numbers, not physical page numbers.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002db-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-b <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002db-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002f_0023copies"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002f_0023copies"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-separations"></a>
-<p>Generate <var class="var">num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
+<a id="index-_002db-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-b <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002db-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Generate <var class="var">num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
rather than using the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/#copies</samp>&rsquo; PostScript variable. This can
be useful in conjunction with a header file setting &lsquo;<samp class="samp">bop-hook</samp>&rsquo; to
do color separations or other neat tricks.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dB'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-B</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dB'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-even-pages-only"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-even-pages-only"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-double_002dsided-printing"></a>
-<p>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not
+<a id="index-_002dB"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-B</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dB"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not
physical page numbers.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dbitmapfontenc-option'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-bitmapfontenc <var class="var">option</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dbitmapfontenc-option'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bitmap-font-encoding"></a>
-<p>Turns bitmap font encoding to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">off</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">on</samp>&rsquo; (no warnings
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bitmap-font-encoding"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dbitmapfontenc-option"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-bitmapfontenc <var class="var">option</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dbitmapfontenc-option"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Turns bitmap font encoding to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">off</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">on</samp>&rsquo; (no warnings
for missing bitmap font encodings), or &lsquo;<samp class="samp">strict</samp>&rsquo; (with warnings
for missing bitmap font encodings).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dc-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-c <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dc-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002f_0023copies-1"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002f_0023copies-1"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-copies_002c-uncollated"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-uncollated-copies"></a>
-<p>Generate <var class="var">num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is
+<a id="index-_002dc-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-c <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dc-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Generate <var class="var">num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is
uncollated. This merely sets the builtin PostScript variable
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">/#copies</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dC-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-C <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dC-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-copies_002c-collated"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-copies_002c-collated"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-collated-copies"></a>
-<p>Generate <var class="var">num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
+<a id="index-_002dC-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-C <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dC-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Generate <var class="var">num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
PostScript file). Slower than the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-c</samp>&rsquo; option, but easier on the
hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple
times.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dd-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-d <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dd-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-debugging-1"></a>
-<p>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-debugging-1"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dd-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-d <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dd-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will
work unless Dvips has been compiled without the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">DEBUG</samp>&rsquo; option (not
recommended). See <a class="xref" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>, for the possible values of
<var class="var">num</var>. Use &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-d -1</samp>&rsquo; as the first option for maximum output.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dD-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-D <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dD-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resolution_002c-setting"></a>
-<p>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var class="var">num</var>, given in
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resolution_002c-setting"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dD-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-D <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dD-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var class="var">num</var>, given in
dpi (dots per inch). This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are
loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript
fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal
@@ -962,11 +962,11 @@ that you use or Metafont will fail. See the file
names for most devices.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002de-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-e <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002de-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-maxdrift"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-maxdrift"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accuracy-in-positioning"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-positioning-accuracy"></a>
-<p>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its &lsquo;true&rsquo;
+<a id="index-_002de-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-e <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002de-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its &lsquo;true&rsquo;
resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of this
parameter is resolution dependent (it is the number of entries in the
list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400,
@@ -977,11 +977,11 @@ position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of
letters in words.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dE'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-E*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dE'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EPSF_002c-generating"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EPSF_002c-generating"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight"></a>
-<p>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at
+<a id="index-_002dE"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-E*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dE"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at
marks made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics. In
addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the TFM file, so characters
that print outside their enclosing TFM box may confuse it. In addition,
@@ -996,12 +996,12 @@ each page as a separate EPSF file; otherwise, all the pages are overlaid
in the single output file.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002df'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-f*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002df'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-filter_002c-running-as-a"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-filter_002c-running-as-a"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-standard-I_002fO"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pipes_002c-not-readable"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PRINTER_002c-avoided-with-_002df"></a>
-<p>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the
+<a id="index-_002df"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-f*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002df"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the
PostScript to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so
it cannot be a pipe. If your input must be a pipe, write a shell script
that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points Dvips at
@@ -1012,41 +1012,41 @@ control-D if it was turned on with the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-F</samp>&rsquo
configuration file; use &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-F</samp>&rsquo; after the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-f</samp>&rsquo; to send it anyway.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dF'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-F*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dF'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EOF"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EOF"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-control_002dD"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-printer_002c-driving-directly"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-spooler_002c-lacking"></a>
-<p>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the
+<a id="index-_002dF"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-F*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dF"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the
PostScript file. This is useful when Dvips is driving the printer
directly instead of working through a spooler, as is common on personal
systems. On systems shared by more than one person, this is not
recommended.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dG'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-G*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dG'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-low-characters_002c-shifting"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-low-characters_002c-shifting"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting"></a>
-<p>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions.
+<a id="index-_002dG"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-G*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dG"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions.
This was useful to work around bugs in old versions of Adobe&rsquo;s PDF
reader. It&rsquo;s more likely to cause problems nowadays.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dh-name'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-h <var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dh-name'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-header-file_002c-downloading"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-header-file_002c-downloading"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-userdict_002c-used-for-header-files"></a>
-<p>Prepend <var class="var">name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var class="var">name</var> is
+<a id="index-_002dh-name"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-h <var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dh-name"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Prepend <var class="var">name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var class="var">name</var> is
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-</samp>&rsquo;, suppress inclusion of default header files. If <code class="code">-h</code> is
given multiple times, the headers are included in the order given.
Any definitions in the header file get added to the PostScript
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">userdict</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002di'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-i*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002di'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-multiple-output-files"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-files_002c-multiple"></a>
-<p>Make each section be a separate file; a <em class="dfn">section</em> is a part of the
+<a id="index-_002di"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-i*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002di"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Make each section be a separate file; a <em class="dfn">section</em> is a part of the
document processed independently, most often created to avoid memory
overflow. The filenames are created replacing the suffix of the
supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number. This option
@@ -1063,17 +1063,17 @@ output into unwanted sections, to try to avoid overflowing printer
memory. See <a class="xref" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a>, for ways to handle this.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-j*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-j*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the
default in the current release. Some debugging flags trace this operation
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>). You can also control partial downloading on a
per-font basis (see <a class="pxref" href="#psfonts_002emap"><samp class="file">psfonts.map</samp>: PostScript font catalog</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dk-for-cropmarks'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-k*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dk-for-cropmarks'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cropmarks"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cropmarks"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-crop_002epro"></a>
-<p>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be
+<a id="index-_002dk-for-cropmarks"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-k*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dk-for-cropmarks"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be
specified, either with a paper size special or with the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-T</samp>&rsquo;
option) by a half inch in each dimension. It translates each page by a
quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with
@@ -1081,10 +1081,10 @@ typesetters that can set the page size automatically. This works by
downloading <samp class="file">crop.pro</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dK'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-K*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dK'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-comments_002c-removing-included"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-comments_002c-removing-included"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-removing"></a>
-<p>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and
+<a id="index-_002dK"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-K*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dK"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and
headers; only necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript
post-processing programs. Specifically, the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">%%Page</samp>&rsquo;
comments, when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can
@@ -1093,13 +1093,13 @@ macros from some software packages read portion the input stream line by
line, searching for a particular comment.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l [=]<var class="var">num</var>[.<var class="var">pageseq</var>]</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-last-page-printed"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-last-page-printed"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page_002c-last-printed"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-numbers_002c-multiple-repetitions-of"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></a>
-<p>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var class="var">num</var>; the
+<a id="index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l [=]<var class="var">num</var>[.<var class="var">pageseq</var>]</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var class="var">num</var>; the
default is the last page in the document.
</p>
<p>By default, <var class="var">num</var> is compared to TeX&rsquo;s idea of the page number
@@ -1117,15 +1117,15 @@ document. The &lsquo;<samp class="samp">=</samp>&rsquo; and <var class="var">la
together.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dL'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-L*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dL'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-papersize-special_002c-first-vs_002e-last"></a>
-<p>By default or with <code class="code">-L1</code>, the last &lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special wins;
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-papersize-special_002c-first-vs_002e-last"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dL"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-L*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dL"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>By default or with <code class="code">-L1</code>, the last &lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special wins;
with <code class="code">-L0</code>, the first special wins. See <a class="xref" href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dlandscaperotate'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-landscaperotate*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dlandscaperotate'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-landscaperotate"></a>
-<p>When looking for matching paper sizes, permit rotation of page content
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-landscaperotate"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dlandscaperotate"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-landscaperotate*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dlandscaperotate"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>When looking for matching paper sizes, permit rotation of page content
on the page to match the given size; the default, as of Dvips 2022.1,
is not to do this. It should not be needed in modern systems with
normal print spoolers, and can be harmful when converting to PDF
@@ -1134,15 +1134,15 @@ suffix of 0 (to explicitly disable) or 1 (to explicitly enable); if
the option is specified without a suffix, it enables the behavior.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dm'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-m*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-manual-feed"></a>
-<p>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-manual-feed"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dm"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-m*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dmode-mode'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-mode <var class="var">mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dmode-mode'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mode-name_002c-specifying"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mode-name_002c-specifying"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying"></a>
-<p>Use <var class="var">mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
+<a id="index-_002dmode-mode"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-mode <var class="var">mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dmode-mode"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var class="var">mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
generation. This overrides any value from configuration files. With
the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes the program
assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named <var class="var">mode</var>.
@@ -1150,11 +1150,11 @@ See <a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Te
<a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a> in <cite class="cite">Kpathsea</cite>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dM'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-M*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dM'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-missfont_002elog"></a>
-<p>Turns off automatic font generation (<samp class="file">mktexpk</samp>). If
+<a id="index-_002dM"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-M*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dM"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Turns off automatic font generation (<samp class="file">mktexpk</samp>). If
<code class="code">mktexpk</code>, the invocation is appended to a file
<samp class="file">missfont.log</samp> (by default) in the current directory. You can then
execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the
@@ -1168,17 +1168,17 @@ overridden by the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">MISSFONT_LOG</samp>&rsquo; environme
configuration file value.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dn-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-n <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dn-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-maximum-pages-printed"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-maximum-pages-printed"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed"></a>
-<p>Print at most <var class="var">num</var> pages. Default is 100000.
+<a id="index-_002dn-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-n <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dn-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print at most <var class="var">num</var> pages. Default is 100000.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dN'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-N*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dN'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-structured-comments"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-structured-comments"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TranScript"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-not-generating"></a>
-<p>Turns off generation of structured comments such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">%%Page</samp>&rsquo;; this
+<a id="index-_002dN"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-N*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dN"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Turns off generation of structured comments such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">%%Page</samp>&rsquo;; this
may be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript
comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers. Old versions of
TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.
@@ -1186,18 +1186,18 @@ Beware: This also disables page movement, etc., in PostScript viewers
such as Ghostview.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dnoomega'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-noomega</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dnoomega'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Omega-extensions"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Omega-extensions"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pTeX-extensions"></a>
-<p>Disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI
+<a id="index-_002dnoomega"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-noomega</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dnoomega"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI
files. By default, the additional opcodes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">129</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">134</samp>&rsquo;
are recognized by Dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted as
requests to set 2-byte characters.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dnoptex'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-noptex</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dnoptex'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pTeX-extensions-1"></a>
-<p>Disable the use of pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files. By
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pTeX-extensions-1"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dnoptex"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-noptex</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dnoptex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Disable the use of pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files. By
default, the additional opcodes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">130</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">135</samp>&rsquo; are
recognized by Dvips as Omega extensions and interpreted as requests to
set 3-byte characters, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">255</samp>&rsquo; as request to change the
@@ -1213,10 +1213,10 @@ extension by using &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-noptex</samp>&rsquo;, or both by u
see <a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a> in <cite class="cite">Kpathsea</cite>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002do-name'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-o <var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002do-name'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output_002c-redirecting"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output_002c-redirecting"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-standard-output_002c-output-to"></a>
-<p>Send output to the file <var class="var">name</var>. If &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-o</samp>&rsquo; is specified without
+<a id="index-_002do-name"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-o <var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002do-name"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Send output to the file <var class="var">name</var>. If &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-o</samp>&rsquo; is specified without
<var class="var">name</var> (i.e., it is the last thing on the command line), the
default is &lsquo;<samp class="samp"><var class="var">file</var>.ps</samp>&rsquo; where the input DVI file was
&lsquo;<samp class="samp"><var class="var">file</var>.dvi</samp>&rsquo;. If &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-o</samp>&rsquo; isn&rsquo;t given at all, the
@@ -1241,10 +1241,10 @@ environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control-D.
See the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-f</samp>&rsquo; option for how to override this.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-O <var class="var">x-offset</var>,<var class="var">y-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-offset-pages"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-offset-pages"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-printer-offset"></a>
-<p>Move the origin by <var class="var">x-offset</var>,<var class="var">y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
+<a id="index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-O <var class="var">x-offset</var>,<var class="var">y-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Move the origin by <var class="var">x-offset</var>,<var class="var">y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a>). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
(of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of
the paper) by this amount. This is usually best specified in the
@@ -1261,27 +1261,27 @@ same <code class="code">O</code> value&mdash;some printers vary widely from run
page, your best recourse is to use &lsquo;<samp class="samp">bop-hook</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p [=]<var class="var">num</var>[.<var class="var">pageseq</var>]</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-first-page-printed"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-first-page-printed"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page_002c-first-printed"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></a>
-<p>Exactly analogous to <code class="code">-l</code> (q.v.), but specifying the first page
+<a id="index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p [=]<var class="var">num</var>[.<var class="var">pageseq</var>]</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Exactly analogous to <code class="code">-l</code> (q.v.), but specifying the first page
number to be printed (processed).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dpp-first_002dlast'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-pp <var class="var">first</var>-<var class="var">last</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dpp-first_002dlast'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-range"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-page-range"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002dpp-range"></a>
-<p>Print pages <var class="var">first</var> through <var class="var">last</var>; equivalent to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p
+<a id="index-_002dpp-first_002dlast"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-pp <var class="var">first</var>-<var class="var">last</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dpp-first_002dlast"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Print pages <var class="var">first</var> through <var class="var">last</var>; equivalent to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p
<var class="var">first</var> -l <var class="var">last</var></samp>&rsquo;, except that multiple &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-pp</samp>&rsquo; options
accumulate, unlike &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo;. The &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-</samp>&rsquo; separator can
also be &lsquo;<samp class="samp">:</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dP-printer'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-P <var class="var">printer</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dP-printer'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-config_002eps"></a>
-<p>Read the configuration file <samp class="file">config.<var class="var">printer</var></samp>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-config_002eps"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dP-printer"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-P <var class="var">printer</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dP-printer"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Read the configuration file <samp class="file">config.<var class="var">printer</var></samp>
(<samp class="file"><var class="var">printer</var>.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS), which typically sets the output
name (most likely &lsquo;<samp class="samp">o |lpr -P<var class="var">printer</var></samp>&rsquo;), resolution, Metafont
mode, and perhaps other printer-specific defaults. It works best to
@@ -1302,47 +1302,46 @@ exists, it is read.
See <a class="xref" href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dq'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-q*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dq'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quiet-operation"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-quiet-operation"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-silent-operation"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-warnings_002c-suppressing"></a>
-<p>Run quietly. Don&rsquo;t chatter about pages converted, etc.,
+<a id="index-_002dq"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-q*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dq"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Run quietly. Don&rsquo;t chatter about pages converted, etc.,
and report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dr'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-r*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dr'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-reverse-pagination"></a>
-<p>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-reverse-pagination"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dr"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-r*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dr"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dR'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dR'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-security"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-security"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002e_002e_002drelative-filenames"></a>
-<p>Run securely. &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R2</samp>&rsquo; disables both shell command execution in
+<a id="index-_002dR"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dR"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Run securely. &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R2</samp>&rsquo; disables both shell command execution in
<code class="code">\special</code> (via &lsquo;<samp class="samp">`</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a>)
and config files (via the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">E</samp>&rsquo; option, see <a class="pxref" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute or <samp class="file">..</samp>-relative
filenames. &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R1</samp>&rsquo;, the default, forbids shell escapes but allows
absolute filenames. &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R0</samp>&rsquo; allows both.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ds'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-s*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ds'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global"></a>
-<p>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global"></a>
+<a id="index-_002ds"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-s*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ds"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file
to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful
if you are driving a deficient printer directly and thus don&rsquo;t care too
much about the portability of the output to other environments.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dS-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-S <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dS-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dS-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-S <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dS-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the maximum number of pages in each &lsquo;section&rsquo;. This option is most
commonly used with the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-i</samp>&rsquo; option; see its description above for
more information.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dt-papertype'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t <var class="var">papertype</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dt-papertype'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paper-type"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paper-type"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-media"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-letter-papertype"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-legal-papertype"></a>
@@ -1351,7 +1350,8 @@ more information.
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-a3-papertype"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-landscape-papertype"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_002dt"></a>
-<p>Set the paper type to <var class="var">papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the
+<a id="index-_002dt-papertype"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t <var class="var">papertype</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dt-papertype"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the paper type to <var class="var">papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the
configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to
select it (see <a class="pxref" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Configuration file paper size command</a>).
</p><ul class="itemize mark-minus">
@@ -1373,28 +1373,28 @@ you can use &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-E</samp>&rsquo; to get pure EPSF output.)
</li></ul>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dtitle-str'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-title <var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dtitle-str'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-title_002c-specifying"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-title_002c-specifying"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-title_002c-specifying"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-document-title_002c-specifying"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_0025_0025Title"></a>
-<p>Use <var class="var">string</var> as the title in the generated PostScript
+<a id="index-_002dtitle-str"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-title <var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dtitle-str"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var class="var">string</var> as the title in the generated PostScript
(<code class="code">%%Title</code>). If not specified, the default is the basename of the
input file; for example, running <code class="code">dvips /foo/bar.dvi</code> will have a
<code class="code">%%Title</code> of &lsquo;<samp class="samp">bar.dvi</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-T <var class="var">hsize</var>,<var class="var">vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-T <var class="var">hsize</var>,<var class="var">vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the paper size to (<var class="var">hsize</var>,<var class="var">vsize</var>), a comma-separated
pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a>). It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file. Be
careful, as the paper size will stick to a predefined size if there is
one close enough. To disable this behavior, use &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-tunknown</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002du-psmapfile'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-u <var class="var">psmapfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002du-psmapfile'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-font-alias-file"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-font-alias-file"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers"></a>
-<p>Set <var class="var">psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up
+<a id="index-_002du-psmapfile"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-u <var class="var">psmapfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002du-psmapfile"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set <var class="var">psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up
PostScript font aliases. If <var class="var">psmapfile</var> begins with a &lsquo;<samp class="samp">+</samp>&rsquo;
character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the map file,
and the map file is appended to the list of map files (instead of replacing
@@ -1402,9 +1402,9 @@ the list). In either case, if the name has no extension, then &lsquo;<samp clas
is added at the end.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dU'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-U*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dU'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Xerox-4045"></a>
-<p>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Xerox-4045"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dU"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-U*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dU"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the
character metric information in the same string that is used to store
the bitmap information. This is only necessary when driving the Xerox
4045 PostScript interpreter, which has a bug that puts garbage on the
@@ -1412,11 +1412,11 @@ bottom of each character. Not recommended unless you must drive this
printer.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dv'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-v</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dv'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dv"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-v</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dv"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Print the dvips version number and exit.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dV'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-V*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dV'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dV"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-V*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dV"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mtpk"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-gsftopk"></a>
@@ -1430,9 +1430,9 @@ printers that have no resident fonts, i.e., very rarely.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dx-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-x <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dx-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI"></a>
-<p>Set the magnification ratio to <em class="math"><var class="var">num</var>/1000</em>. Overrides
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dx-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-x <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dx-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the magnification ratio to <em class="math"><var class="var">num</var>/1000</em>. Overrides
the magnification specified in the DVI file. Must be between 10 and
100000. It is recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095,
1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total
@@ -1440,36 +1440,36 @@ number of PK files generated. <var class="var">num</var> may be a real number,
integer, for increased precision.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dX-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-X <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dX-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resolution"></a>
-<p>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var class="var">num</var>.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resolution"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dX-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-X <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dX-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var class="var">num</var>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-magnification_002c-vertical'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-y <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-magnification_002c-vertical'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-magnification_002c-vertical"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-y <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the magnification ratio to <em class="math"><var class="var">num</var>/1000</em> times the
magnification specified in the DVI file. See
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-x</samp>&rsquo; above.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dY-num'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-Y <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dY-num'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dY-num"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-Y <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dY-num"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var class="var">num.</var>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resolution-1"></a>
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-z*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-distillation_002c-and-_002dz"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-html-specials_002c-and-_002dz"></a>
-<p>Pass &lsquo;<samp class="samp">html</samp>&rsquo; hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
+<a id="index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-z*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Pass &lsquo;<samp class="samp">html</samp>&rsquo; hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
distillation into PDF. This is not enabled by default to avoid
including the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in
creating the output. See <a class="xref" href="#Hypertext">HyperTeXt</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-Z*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts"></a>
-<p>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-Z*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of
what gets downloaded. Especially useful at high resolutions or when
very large fonts are used. May slow down printing, especially on early
68000-based PostScript printers. Generally recommend today, and can be
@@ -1487,7 +1487,7 @@ enabled in the configuration file (see <a class="pxref" href="#Configuration-fil
<p>
Next: <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Dvips configuration files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command-line options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Environment-variables-1">3.3 Environment variables</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Environment-variables-1"><span>3.3 Environment variables<a class="copiable-link" href="#Environment-variables-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment-variables"></a>
@@ -1503,7 +1503,7 @@ Kpathsea-using programs. Only the environment variables specific to
Dvips are mentioned here.
</p>
<dl class="vtable">
-<dt id='index-DVIPSDEBUG'><span><code class="code">DVIPSDEBUG</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-DVIPSDEBUG'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-DVIPSDEBUG"></a><span><code class="code">DVIPSDEBUG</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"></a>
<p>Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to
standard output, for debugging. This isn&rsquo;t done by default because
@@ -1514,18 +1514,18 @@ voluminous additional debugging, set the environment variable
set to any value, it automatically turns on <code class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</code>.)
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-DVIPSFONTS'><span><code class="code">DVIPSFONTS</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-DVIPSFONTS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-DVIPSFONTS"></a><span><code class="code">DVIPSFONTS</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-DVIPSFONTS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path
config file options and other environment variables (see <a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported
file formats</a> in <cite class="cite">Kpathsea</cite>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-DVIPSHEADERS'><span><code class="code">DVIPSHEADERS</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-DVIPSHEADERS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-DVIPSHEADERS"></a><span><code class="code">DVIPSHEADERS</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Default path to search for PostScript header files. Overrides the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">H</samp>&rsquo;
config file option (see <a class="pxref" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-DVIPSMAKEPK'><span><code class="code">DVIPSMAKEPK</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-DVIPSMAKEPK'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-DVIPSMAKEPK"></a><span><code class="code">DVIPSMAKEPK</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mktexpk_002c-changing-name"></a>
<p>Overrides &lsquo;<samp class="samp">mktexpk</samp>&rsquo; as the name of the program to invoke to
create missing PK fonts. You can change the arguments passed to the
@@ -1533,23 +1533,23 @@ create missing PK fonts. You can change the arguments passed to the
variable; see <a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#MakeTeX-script-arguments">MakeTeX script arguments</a> in <cite class="cite">Kpathsea</cite>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-DVIPSRC'><span><code class="code">DVIPSRC</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-DVIPSRC'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-DVIPSRC"></a><span><code class="code">DVIPSRC</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-DVIPSRC"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a class="pxref" href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp class="file">config.ps</samp> but before any
printer-specific configuration files.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-DVIPSSIZES'><span><code class="code">DVIPSSIZES</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-DVIPSSIZES'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-DVIPSSIZES"></a><span><code class="code">DVIPSSIZES</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-DVIPSSIZES"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-DVIPSSIZES"></a>
<p>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts. Overrides the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">R</samp>&rsquo;
definition in config files (see <a class="pxref" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-PRINTER'><span><code class="code">PRINTER</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-PRINTER'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-PRINTER"></a><span><code class="code">PRINTER</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-PRINTER"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Determine the default printer configuration file. (Dvips itself does
not use <code class="code">PRINTER</code> to determine the output destination in any way.)
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-TEXCONFIG'><span><code class="code">TEXCONFIG</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-TEXCONFIG'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-TEXCONFIG"></a><span><code class="code">TEXCONFIG</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-TEXCONFIG"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration-file-path"></a>
<p>Path to search for Dvips&rsquo; <samp class="file">config.<var class="var">printer</var></samp> configuration
files, including the base <samp class="file">config.ps</samp>. Using this single
@@ -1559,7 +1559,7 @@ on MS-DOS, but <samp class="file">config.ps</samp> is called by that name on all
platforms.)
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-TEXPICTS'><span><code class="code">TEXPICTS</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-TEXPICTS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-TEXPICTS"></a><span><code class="code">TEXPICTS</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-TEXPICTS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Path to search for included graphics files. Overrides the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">S</samp>&rsquo;
config file option (see <a class="pxref" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). If not set,
<code class="code">TEXINPUTS</code> is looked for. See <a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite class="cite">Kpathsea</cite>.
@@ -1575,7 +1575,7 @@ config file option (see <a class="pxref" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Con
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Environment-variables" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environment variables</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Dvips-configuration-files">3.4 Dvips configuration files</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Dvips-configuration-files"><span>3.4 Dvips configuration files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Dvips-configuration-files"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration-files"></a>
@@ -1600,7 +1600,7 @@ you can copy, see <a class="pxref" href="#config_002eps-installation"><samp clas
<p>
Next: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Configuration file commands</a>, Up: <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips configuration files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Configuration-file-searching-1">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Configuration-file-searching-1"><span>3.4.1 Configuration file searching<a class="copiable-link" href="#Configuration-file-searching-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration-file-searching"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of"></a>
@@ -1688,7 +1688,7 @@ possible.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Configuration file searching</a>, Up: <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips configuration files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Configuration-file-commands-1">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Configuration-file-commands-1"><span>3.4.2 Configuration file commands<a class="copiable-link" href="#Configuration-file-commands-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration-file-options"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options"></a>
@@ -1707,98 +1707,98 @@ space, asterisk, equal sign, percent sign, or pound sign are ignored.
There is no provision for continuation lines.
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_0040-config-command-_0028define-paper-sizes_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">@ <var class="var">name hsize vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_0040-config-command-_0028define-paper-sizes_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_0040-config-command-_0028define-paper-sizes_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">@ <var class="var">name hsize vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_0040-config-command-_0028define-paper-sizes_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Define paper sizes. See <a class="xref" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Configuration file paper size command</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-a-config-command-_0028conserve-memory_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">a*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-a-config-command-_0028conserve-memory_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-a-config-command-_0028conserve-memory_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">a*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-a-config-command-_0028conserve-memory_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Memory conservation. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-a</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">b <var class="var">#copies</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">b <var class="var">#copies</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Multiple copies. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-b</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-bitmapfontenc-config-command-_0028bitmap-font-encoding_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">bitmapfontenc <var class="var">option</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-bitmapfontenc-config-command-_0028bitmap-font-encoding_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-bitmapfontenc-config-command-_0028bitmap-font-encoding_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">bitmapfontenc <var class="var">option</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-bitmapfontenc-config-command-_0028bitmap-font-encoding_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Turns bitmap font encoding to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">off</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">on</samp>&rsquo; (no warnings
for missing bitmap font encodings), or &lsquo;<samp class="samp">strict</samp>&rsquo; (with warnings
for missing bitmap font encodings).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-c-config-command-_0028include-another-config-file_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">c <var class="var">filename</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-c-config-command-_0028include-another-config-file_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-c-config-command-_0028include-another-config-file_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">c <var class="var">filename</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-c-config-command-_0028include-another-config-file_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Include <var class="var">filename</var> as an additional configuration file, read
immediately.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">D <var class="var">dpi</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">D <var class="var">dpi</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Output resolution. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-D</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">e <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">e <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Max drift. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-e</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">E <var class="var">command</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-system-in-config-file"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-system-in-config-file"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-datestamp_002c-in-output"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file"></a>
-<p>Executes the command listed with <code class="code">system</code>(3); can be used to get
+<a id="index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">E <var class="var">command</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Executes the command listed with <code class="code">system</code>(3); can be used to get
the current date into a header file for inclusion, for instance.
Possibly dangerous; this may be disabled, in which case a warning will
be printed if the option is used (and warnings are not suppressed).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">f*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-F-config-command-_0028filter_0029"></a>
+<a id="index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">f*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">F</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-F-config-command-_0028filter_0029"></a>
-<p>Run as a filter. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-f</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+<dd><p>Run as a filter. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-f</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-G-config-command-_0028character-shifting_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">G*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-G-config-command-_0028character-shifting_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-G-config-command-_0028character-shifting_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">G*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-G-config-command-_0028character-shifting_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Shift low-numbered characters; obsolete. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-G</samp>&rsquo;,
see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-h-config-command-_0028download-additional-header_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">h <var class="var">header</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-h-config-command-_0028download-additional-header_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-h-config-command-_0028download-additional-header_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">h <var class="var">header</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-h-config-command-_0028download-additional-header_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Prepend <var class="var">header</var> to output. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">h-</samp>&rsquo;; that is, the
config file <code class="code">h</code> directive suppresses any inclusion of standard
headers (see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-H-config-command-_0028PostScript-header-path_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">H <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-H-config-command-_0028PostScript-header-path_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-header-path_002c-defining"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-header-path_002c-defining"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-DVIPSHEADERS_002c-overrides-H"></a>
-<p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment
+<a id="index-H-config-command-_0028PostScript-header-path_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">H <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-H-config-command-_0028PostScript-header-path_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment
variable <code class="code">DVIPSHEADERS</code> overrides this.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">i <var class="var">n</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">i <var class="var">n</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Make multiple output files. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-i -S <var class="var">n</var></samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">j*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">j*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Partially download Type 1 fonts. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-j</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-K-config-command-_0028comment-removal_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">K*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-K-config-command-_0028comment-removal_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-K-config-command-_0028comment-removal_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">K*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-K-config-command-_0028comment-removal_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Remove comments from included PostScript files. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-K</samp>&rsquo;,
see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-L-config-command-_0028last-paper-size-wins_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">L*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-L-config-command-_0028last-paper-size-wins_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-L-config-command-_0028last-paper-size-wins_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">L*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-L-config-command-_0028last-paper-size-wins_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>If zero, the first paper size specified is effective, else the last.
Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-L</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-landscaperotate-config-command'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">landscaperotate</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-landscaperotate-config-command'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-landscaperotate-config-command"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">landscaperotate</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-landscaperotate-config-command"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Permit rotation of page content to match page size.
Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-landscaperotate</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">m <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-memory-available"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-memory-available"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-printer-memory"></a>
-<p>Declare <var class="var">num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the
+<a id="index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">m <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Declare <var class="var">num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the
printer. The compile-time default is 180000, but this is typically
overridden by <samp class="file">config.ps</samp> or other configuration files. This
value must be accurate if memory conservation and document splitting
@@ -1828,19 +1828,19 @@ splitting of the output is desirable. The Dvips config file
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">dvips -Pmaxmem</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">M <var class="var">mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">M <var class="var">mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Metafont mode. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-mode</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-N-config-command-_0028disable-EPS_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">N*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-N-config-command-_0028disable-EPS_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-N-config-command-_0028disable-EPS_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">N*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-N-config-command-_0028disable-EPS_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Disable structured comments. Beware: This also turns off displaying
page numbers or changing to specific page numbers in PostScript viewers.
Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-N</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-o-config-command-_0028output-destination_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">o <var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-o-config-command-_0028output-destination_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-file_002c-setting"></a>
-<p>Send output to <var class="var">name</var>. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-o</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-file_002c-setting"></a>
+<a id="index-o-config-command-_0028output-destination_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">o <var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-o-config-command-_0028output-destination_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Send output to <var class="var">name</var>. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-o</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
In the file <samp class="file">config.foo</samp>, a setting like this is probably
appropriate:
</p><div class="example">
@@ -1851,15 +1851,15 @@ the local printer device <samp class="file">PRN</samp> if it doesn&rsquo;t find
program by that name in the current directory or along the <code class="code">PATH</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-O-config-command-_0028page-offsets_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">O <var class="var">xoff</var>,<var class="var">yoff</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-O-config-command-_0028page-offsets_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-O-config-command-_0028page-offsets_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">O <var class="var">xoff</var>,<var class="var">yoff</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-O-config-command-_0028page-offsets_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Origin offset. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-O</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">p <span class="r">[+]</span><var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-1"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-1"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-1"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002bpsmapfile"></a>
-<p>Examine <var class="var">name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is
+<a id="index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">p <span class="r">[+]</span><var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Examine <var class="var">name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is
<samp class="file">psfonts.map</samp>. This option allows you to specify different resident
fonts that different printers may have. If <var class="var">name</var> starts with a
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">+</samp>&rsquo; character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces)
@@ -1868,31 +1868,31 @@ map files pointed to by local configuration files that append to the
global map file. This can be used for font families.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">P <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PKFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PKFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPKS_002c-overrides-P"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-GLYPHFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></a>
-<p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var class="var">path</var>. The
+<a id="index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">P <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var class="var">path</var>. The
<code class="code">PKFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXPKS</code>, <code class="code">GLYPHFONTS</code>, and <code class="code">TEXFONTS</code>
environment variables override this. See <a data-manual="kpathsea" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite class="cite">Kpathsea</cite>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">q*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"></a>
+<a id="index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">q*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Q</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"></a>
-<p>Run quietly. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-q</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+<dd><p>Run quietly. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-q</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">r*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">r*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Page reversal. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-r</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-R-config-command-_0028fallback-resolution_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">R <var class="var">num1 num2 &hellip;</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-R-config-command-_0028fallback-resolution_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fallback-resolutions"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fallback-resolutions"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-default-resolutions"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-R"></a>
-<p>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size
+<a id="index-R-config-command-_0028fallback-resolution_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">R <var class="var">num1 num2 &hellip;</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-R-config-command-_0028fallback-resolution_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size
actually used in a document is not available and cannot be created,
Dvips will scale the font found at the closest of these resolutions to
the requested size, using PostScript scaling. The resulting output may
@@ -1916,60 +1916,60 @@ the Makefile variable &lsquo;<samp class="samp">default_texsizes</samp>&rsquo;,
<samp class="file">make/paths.make</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-s-config-command-_0028global-save_002frestore_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">s*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-s-config-command-_0028global-save_002frestore_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-s-config-command-_0028global-save_002frestore_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">s*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-s-config-command-_0028global-save_002frestore_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Output global save/restore. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-s</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">S <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPICTS_002c-overrides-S"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPICTS_002c-overrides-S"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXINPUTS_002c-overrides-S"></a>
-<p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated
+<a id="index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">S <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated
PostScript files or psfiles). The <code class="code">TEXPICTS</code> and then
<code class="code">TEXINPUTS</code> environment variables override this.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">T <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TFMFONTS_002c-overrides-T"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TFMFONTS_002c-overrides-T"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-T"></a>
-<p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code class="code">TFMFONTS</code> and then
+<a id="index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">T <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code class="code">TFMFONTS</code> and then
<code class="code">TEXFONTS</code> environment variables overrides this. This path is used
for resident fonts and fonts that can&rsquo;t otherwise be found.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">U*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">U*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-U</samp>&rsquo;, see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">V <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-virtual-font-path"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-virtual-font-path"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts"></a>
-<p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be
+<a id="index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">V <var class="var">path</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var class="var">path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be
device-dependent if you use virtual fonts to simulate actual fonts on
different devices.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-W-config-command-_0028emit-warning_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">W <span class="r">[<var class="var">string</var>]</span></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-W-config-command-_0028emit-warning_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-warning-messages_002c-defining"></a>
-<p>If <var class="var">string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-warning-messages_002c-defining"></a>
+<a id="index-W-config-command-_0028emit-warning_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">W <span class="r">[<var class="var">string</var>]</span></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-W-config-command-_0028emit-warning_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>If <var class="var">string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading
all the configuration files; with no <var class="var">string</var>, cancel any previous
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">W</samp>&rsquo; message. This is useful in the default configuration file to
remind users to specify a printer, for instance, or to notify users
about special characteristics of a particular printer.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">X <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">X <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Horizontal resolution. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-X</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Y <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Y <var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Vertical resolution. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-Y</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-Z-config-command-_0028compress-fonts_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Z*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-Z-config-command-_0028compress-fonts_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-Z-config-command-_0028compress-fonts_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Z*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-Z-config-command-_0028compress-fonts_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Compress bitmap fonts. Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-Z</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">z*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">z*</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Disables execution of system commands, like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R</samp>&rsquo;
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). If &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R</samp>&rsquo; is specified
on the command line, that takes precedence.
@@ -1987,7 +1987,7 @@ on the command line, that takes precedence.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interaction with PostScript</a>, Previous: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Invoking Dvips</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation"><span>4 Paper size and landscape orientation<a class="copiable-link" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paper-size_002c-general"></a>
@@ -2030,7 +2030,7 @@ not and should not attempt to override it manually.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Configuration file paper size command</a>, Up: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="u" rel="up">Paper size and landscape orientation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="papersize-special-1">4.1 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="papersize-special-1"><span>4.1 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special<a class="copiable-link" href="#papersize-special-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-papersize-special"></a>
@@ -2087,7 +2087,7 @@ behavior of Dvips prior to the 2017 release.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Paper-trays" accesskey="n" rel="next">Paper trays</a>, Previous: <a href="#papersize-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a>, Up: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="u" rel="up">Paper size and landscape orientation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Configuration-file-paper-size-command">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Configuration-file-paper-size-command"><span>4.2 Configuration file paper size command<a class="copiable-link" href="#Configuration-file-paper-size-command"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command"></a>
@@ -2226,7 +2226,7 @@ synonyms for <code class="code">letter</code> and <code class="code">a4</code>.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Configuration file paper size command</a>, Up: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="u" rel="up">Paper size and landscape orientation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Paper-trays-1">4.3 Paper trays</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Paper-trays-1"><span>4.3 Paper trays<a class="copiable-link" href="#Paper-trays-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paper-trays"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dual-paper-trays"></a>
@@ -2276,7 +2276,7 @@ commands to select the paper trays. On the 4SI, <var class="var">alternatetray<
<p>
Next: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Paper size and landscape orientation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Interaction-with-PostScript-1">5 Interaction with PostScript</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Interaction-with-PostScript-1"><span>5 Interaction with PostScript<a class="copiable-link" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-interaction-with-PostScript"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-interaction"></a>
@@ -2299,7 +2299,7 @@ literal PostScript code, and hypertext.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript header files</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="PostScript-figures-1">5.1 PostScript figures</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="PostScript-figures-1"><span>5.1 PostScript figures<a class="copiable-link" href="#PostScript-figures-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>Scaling and including PostScript graphics is a breeze&mdash;if the PostScript
file is correctly formed. Even if it is not, however, the file can usually
@@ -2321,7 +2321,7 @@ be accommodated with just a little more work.
<p>
Next: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="The-bounding-box-comment">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="The-bounding-box-comment"><span>5.1.1 The bounding box comment<a class="copiable-link" href="#The-bounding-box-comment"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for"></a>
@@ -2420,7 +2420,7 @@ the file.
<p>
Next: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="n" rel="next">Using the EPSF macros</a>, Previous: <a href="#Bounding-box" accesskey="p" rel="prev">The bounding box comment</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="The-_005cincludegraphics-macro-for-LaTeX">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="The-_005cincludegraphics-macro-for-LaTeX"><span>5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX<a class="copiable-link" href="#The-_005cincludegraphics-macro-for-LaTeX"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cincludegraphics-LaTeX-macro"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion"></a>
@@ -2493,7 +2493,7 @@ account.
<p>
Next: <a href="#psfile-special" accesskey="n" rel="next">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Using-the-EPSF-macros">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Using-the-EPSF-macros"><span>5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros<a class="copiable-link" href="#Using-the-EPSF-macros"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EPSF-macros"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-1"></a>
@@ -2574,7 +2574,7 @@ terminal when it processes each figure, give the command:
<p>
Next: <a href="#EPSF-clipping" accesskey="n" rel="next">EPSF clipping</a>, Up: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="u" rel="up">Using the EPSF macros</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="EPSF-scaling-1">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="EPSF-scaling-1"><span>5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling<a class="copiable-link" href="#EPSF-scaling-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaling-of-figures"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-figures_002c-scaling"></a>
@@ -2683,7 +2683,7 @@ scale or otherwise modify the document.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#EPSF-scaling" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EPSF scaling</a>, Up: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="u" rel="up">Using the EPSF macros</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="EPSF-clipping-1">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="EPSF-clipping-1"><span>5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping<a class="copiable-link" href="#EPSF-clipping-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-clipping-of-EPSF"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate"></a>
@@ -2717,14 +2717,14 @@ turn clipping on, just use the command
<p>
Next: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a>, Previous: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Using the EPSF macros</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="psfile-special-1">5.1.4 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="psfile-special-1"><span>5.1.4 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special<a class="copiable-link" href="#psfile-special-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-psfile-special"></a>
<p>The basic special for file inclusion is as follows:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">\special{psfile=<var class="var">filename</var>.ps <span class="r">[</span><var class="var">key</var>=<var class="var">value</var><span class="r">]</span> &hellip; }
+<pre class="example-preformatted">\special{psfile=<var class="var">filename</var>.ps <span class="r">[</span><var class="var">key</var>=<var class="var">value</var><span class="r">]</span> ... }
</pre></div>
<p>This downloads the PostScript file <samp class="file"><var class="var">filename</var>.ps</samp> such that
@@ -2735,49 +2735,49 @@ specify transformations on the PostScript.
<p>The possible <var class="var">key</var>s are:
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">hoffset</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">hoffset</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The horizontal offset (default 0).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">voffset</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">voffset</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The vertical offset (default 0).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">hsize</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">hsize</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The horizontal clipping size (default 612).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">vsize</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">vsize</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The vertical clipping size (default 792).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">hscale</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">hscale</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">vscale</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">vscale</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">angle</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">angle</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>The rotation, in degrees (default 0).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">clip</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">clip</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">llx, lly, urx, ury</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lly-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-lly-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-urx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ury-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a>
-<p>Bounding box of the included image, just as in a <code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code>
+<a id="index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">llx, lly, urx, ury</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Bounding box of the included image, just as in a <code class="code">%%BoundingBox</code>
comment. Values are in big points, and may be fractional.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">rhi, rwi</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rwi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a>
-<p>Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rwi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a>
+<a id="index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">rhi, rwi</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in
tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional.
</p>
<p>If both <code class="code">rwi</code> and <code class="code">rhi</code> are nonzero, the picture is scaled,
@@ -2824,7 +2824,7 @@ scale factor.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fonts in figures</a>, Previous: <a href="#psfile-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Dynamic-creation-of-PostScript-graphics-files">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Dynamic-creation-of-PostScript-graphics-files"><span>5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-PostScript-graphics-files"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-compressed-PostScript"></a>
@@ -2867,7 +2867,7 @@ with the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R</samp>&rsquo; command-line option or &lsqu
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Fonts-in-figures-1">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Fonts-in-figures-1"><span>5.1.6 Fonts in figures<a class="copiable-link" href="#Fonts-in-figures-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-figures-and-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures"></a>
@@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ in a MetaPost label (see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtm
<p>
Next: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="n" rel="next">Literal PostScript</a>, Previous: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript figures</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="PostScript-header-files">5.2 PostScript header files</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="PostScript-header-files"><span>5.2 PostScript header files<a class="copiable-link" href="#PostScript-header-files"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-header-files_002c-defined"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-header-files"></a>
@@ -2973,7 +2973,7 @@ when header files are included.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line" accesskey="n" rel="next">Including headers from the command line</a>, Up: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript header files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Including-headers-from-TeX-1">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Including-headers-from-TeX-1"><span>5.2.1 Including headers from TeX<a class="copiable-link" href="#Including-headers-from-TeX-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-including-headers-in-TeX"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-header_003dfile-_005cspecial"></a>
@@ -3040,7 +3040,7 @@ which are installed in the <samp class="file">tex/</samp> tree.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Headers and memory usage</a>, Previous: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Including headers from TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript header files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Including-headers-from-the-command-line-1">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Including-headers-from-the-command-line-1"><span>5.2.2 Including headers from the command line<a class="copiable-link" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from"></a>
@@ -3072,7 +3072,7 @@ mode on duplex printers, and setting various screen frequencies;
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Including headers from the command line</a>, Up: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript header files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Headers-and-memory-usage-1">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Headers-and-memory-usage-1"><span>5.2.3 Headers and memory usage<a class="copiable-link" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-headers-and-memory-usage"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers"></a>
@@ -3113,7 +3113,7 @@ to a very large number. (See the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">m</samp>&rsquo; item
<p>
Next: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="n" rel="next">HyperTeXt</a>, Previous: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript header files</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Literal-PostScript">5.3 Literal PostScript</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Literal-PostScript"><span>5.3 Literal PostScript<a class="copiable-link" href="#Literal-PostScript"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal"></a>
@@ -3135,7 +3135,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="n" rel="next">HyperTeXt</a>, Previous: <a
<p>
Next: <a href="#ps-special" accesskey="n" rel="next">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ps</samp>&rsquo; special</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_0022-special_003a-Literal-PostScript">5.3.1 <code class="code">&quot;</code> special: Literal PostScript</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="g_t_0022-special_003a-Literal-PostScript"><span>5.3.1 <code class="code">&quot;</code> special: Literal PostScript<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_0022-special_003a-Literal-PostScript"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_0022-special-_0028literal-PostScript_0029"></a>
@@ -3165,7 +3165,7 @@ the <code class="code">\vbox</code> above.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Literal-headers" accesskey="n" rel="next">Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp class="samp">!</samp>&rsquo; <code class="code">\special</code></a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_0022-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">&quot;</code> special: Literal PostScript</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="ps-special-1">5.3.2 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">ps</samp>&rsquo; special</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="ps-special-1"><span>5.3.2 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">ps</samp>&rsquo; special<a class="copiable-link" href="#ps-special-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ps-special"></a>
@@ -3217,7 +3217,7 @@ it easy to typeset text turned in multiples of 90 degrees.
<p>
Next: <a href="#PostScript-hooks" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript hooks</a>, Previous: <a href="#ps-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ps</samp>&rsquo; special</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Literal-headers_003a-_0021-_005cspecial">5.3.3 Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp class="samp">!</samp>&rsquo; <code class="code">\special</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Literal-headers_003a-_0021-_005cspecial"><span>5.3.3 Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp class="samp">!</samp>&rsquo; <code class="code">\special</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#Literal-headers_003a-_0021-_005cspecial"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-literal-headers"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-SDict-dictionary"></a>
@@ -3247,7 +3247,7 @@ literally (the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">&quot;</samp>&rsquo; special) or throug
<p>
Next: <a href="#Literal-examples" accesskey="n" rel="next">Literal examples</a>, Previous: <a href="#Literal-headers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp class="samp">!</samp>&rsquo; <code class="code">\special</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="PostScript-hooks-1">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="PostScript-hooks-1"><span>5.3.4 PostScript hooks<a class="copiable-link" href="#PostScript-hooks-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-hooks"></a>
@@ -3307,7 +3307,7 @@ independent.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#PostScript-hooks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript hooks</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Literal-examples-1">5.3.5 Literal examples</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Literal-examples-1"><span>5.3.5 Literal examples<a class="copiable-link" href="#Literal-examples-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript"></a>
@@ -3353,7 +3353,7 @@ has a useful trick that appears again and again.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Literal PostScript</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="HyperTeXt">5.4 HyperTeXt</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="HyperTeXt"><span>5.4 HyperTeXt<a class="copiable-link" href="#HyperTeXt"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hypertext-support"></a>
@@ -3397,7 +3397,7 @@ program.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Hypertext-specials" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hypertext specials</a>, Up: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="u" rel="up">HyperTeXt</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Hypertext-caveats-1">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Hypertext-caveats-1"><span>5.4.1 Hypertext caveats<a class="copiable-link" href="#Hypertext-caveats-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hypertext-caveats"></a>
@@ -3493,7 +3493,7 @@ more, but copies are available elsewhere:
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hypertext caveats</a>, Up: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="u" rel="up">HyperTeXt</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Hypertext-specials-1">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Hypertext-specials-1"><span>5.4.2 Hypertext specials<a class="copiable-link" href="#Hypertext-specials-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hypertext-specials"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-specials_002c-hypertext"></a>
@@ -3535,7 +3535,7 @@ for a precise description of base URL&rsquo;s.
</p>
<p>Descriptions of the <code class="code">\special</code>&rsquo;s:
</p><dl class="ftable">
-<dt id='index-href'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">href</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-href'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-href"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">href</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-href"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-links_002c-hypertext"></a>
<p>Creates links in your TeX document. For example:
</p><div class="example">
@@ -3548,7 +3548,7 @@ this is for illustration. In practice, you most likely want to use
macros to insert the <code class="code">\special</code> commands; reference above.)
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-name'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">name</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-name'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-name"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">name</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-name"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie"></a>
<p>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be
resolved. For example:
@@ -3562,14 +3562,14 @@ existing macro packages which take care of all the details, such as
<samp class="file">hyperref</samp> for LaTeX. The <a class="url" href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex/">HyperTeX FAQ</a> has more information.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-img'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">img</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-img'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-img"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">img</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-img"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mailcap-and-hypertext"></a>
<p>Links to an arbitrary external file. Interactively, a viewer is spawned
to read the file according to the file extension and your <samp class="file">mailcap</samp>
file (see the Xdvi documentation).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-base'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">base</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-base'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-base"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">base</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-base"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code class="code">name</code> targets.
Typically unnecessary, as the name of the DVI file being read is used by
default.
@@ -3589,7 +3589,7 @@ the NeXTSTEP DVI viewer.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Color" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interaction with PostScript</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="PostScript-fonts-1">6 PostScript fonts</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="PostScript-fonts-1"><span>6 PostScript fonts<a class="copiable-link" href="#PostScript-fonts-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-fonts"></a>
@@ -3620,7 +3620,7 @@ supplied with Dvips. (Or if you&rsquo;re curious.)
<p>
Next: <a href="#Making-a-font-available" accesskey="n" rel="next">Making a PostScript font available</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Font-concepts-1">6.1 Font concepts</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Font-concepts-1"><span>6.1 Font concepts<a class="copiable-link" href="#Font-concepts-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-concepts"></a>
@@ -3653,7 +3653,7 @@ i.e., renumbers, the characters of a font.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Glyph-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Glyph files</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Metric-files-1">6.1.1 Metric files</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Metric-files-1"><span>6.1.1 Metric files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Metric-files-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-metric-files"></a>
@@ -3730,7 +3730,7 @@ See <a class="xref" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking Afm2tfm</a>.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Virtual-fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">Virtual fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Metric-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Metric files</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Glyph-files-1">6.1.2 Glyph files</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Glyph-files-1"><span>6.1.2 Glyph files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Glyph-files-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glyph-files"></a>
@@ -3800,7 +3800,7 @@ format is a historical artifact.)
<p>
Next: <a href="#Encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Encodings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Glyph-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Glyph files</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Virtual-fonts-1">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Virtual-fonts-1"><span>6.1.3 Virtual fonts<a class="copiable-link" href="#Virtual-fonts-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-virtual-fonts"></a>
@@ -3861,7 +3861,7 @@ information about the extensive support of Japanese in TeX, see
<p>
Next: <a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Bitmap font encodings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Virtual-fonts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Virtual fonts</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Encodings-1">6.1.4 Encodings</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Encodings-1"><span>6.1.4 Encodings<a class="copiable-link" href="#Encodings-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-encodings"></a>
@@ -3924,7 +3924,7 @@ italics, and <samp class="file">texmsym.enc</samp> for math symbols.
<p>
Next: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting" accesskey="n" rel="next">How PostScript typesets a character</a>, Previous: <a href="#Encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Bitmap-font-encodings-1">6.1.5 Bitmap font encodings</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Bitmap-font-encodings-1"><span>6.1.5 Bitmap font encodings<a class="copiable-link" href="#Bitmap-font-encodings-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bitmap-font-encodings"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-encodings_002c-bitmap"></a>
@@ -3984,7 +3984,7 @@ font coordinate system.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bitmap font encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="How-PostScript-typesets-a-character">6.1.6 How PostScript typesets a character</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="How-PostScript-typesets-a-character"><span>6.1.6 How PostScript typesets a character<a class="copiable-link" href="#How-PostScript-typesets-a-character"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-typesetting-in-PostScript"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript"></a>
@@ -4075,7 +4075,7 @@ information.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invoking Afm2tfm</a>, Previous: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font concepts</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Making-a-PostScript-font-available">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Making-a-PostScript-font-available"><span>6.2 Making a PostScript font available<a class="copiable-link" href="#Making-a-PostScript-font-available"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-installing-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fonts_002c-installing"></a>
@@ -4118,10 +4118,10 @@ from the VPL file:
</li><li> Install the files in the standard locations, as in:
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">cp ptmr.vf <var class="var">fontdir</var>/vf/&hellip;
-cp *ptmr.tfm <var class="var">fontdir</var>/tfm/&hellip;
-cp ptmr.afm <var class="var">fontdir</var>/afm/&hellip;
-cp ptmr.pf? <var class="var">fontdir</var>/type1/&hellip;
+<pre class="example-preformatted">cp ptmr.vf <var class="var">fontdir</var>/vf/...
+cp *ptmr.tfm <var class="var">fontdir</var>/tfm/...
+cp ptmr.afm <var class="var">fontdir</var>/afm/...
+cp ptmr.pf? <var class="var">fontdir</var>/type1/...
</pre></div>
</li></ol>
@@ -4216,7 +4216,7 @@ the built-in PostScript fonts.
<p>
Next: <a href="#psfonts_002emap" accesskey="n" rel="next"><samp class="file">psfonts.map</samp>: PostScript font catalog</a>, Previous: <a href="#Making-a-font-available" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Making a PostScript font available</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Invoking-Afm2tfm">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Invoking-Afm2tfm"><span>6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm<a class="copiable-link" href="#Invoking-Afm2tfm"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-afm2tfm-1"></a>
@@ -4249,7 +4249,7 @@ can also obtain special effects such as an oblique font.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Special-font-effects" accesskey="n" rel="next">Special font effects</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Afm2tfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Changing-font-encodings-1">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Changing-font-encodings-1"><span>6.3.1 Changing font encodings<a class="copiable-link" href="#Changing-font-encodings-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-encoding-changes"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of"></a>
@@ -4275,7 +4275,7 @@ detailed in the sections below.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_002dt_003a-Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;: Changing TeX encodings</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_002dt_003a-Changing-TeX-encodings"><span>6.3.1.1 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;: Changing TeX encodings<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_002dt_003a-Changing-TeX-encodings"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-changing-TeX-encodings"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TeX-encoding_002c-changing"></a>
@@ -4308,7 +4308,7 @@ encoding.)
<p>
Next: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-T</samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;: Changing TeX encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_002dp_003a-Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_002dp_003a-Changing-PostScript-encodings"><span>6.3.1.2 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_002dp_003a-Changing-PostScript-encodings"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-changing-PostScript-encodings"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing"></a>
@@ -4349,7 +4349,7 @@ distribution does do this reencoding, for precisely this reason.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_002dT_003a-Changing-both-TeX-and-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.3 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-T</samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="g_t_002dT_003a-Changing-both-TeX-and-PostScript-encodings"><span>6.3.1.3 &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-T</samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings<a class="copiable-link" href="#g_t_002dT_003a-Changing-both-TeX-and-PostScript-encodings"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002dT-enc_002dfile"></a>
@@ -4369,7 +4369,7 @@ particular PostScript font.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Encoding-file-format" accesskey="n" rel="next">Encoding file format</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-T</samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm-1">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm-1"><span>6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm<a class="copiable-link" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-reencoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-remapping"></a>
@@ -4473,7 +4473,7 @@ ignored by Dvips.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsubsection" id="Encoding-file-format-1">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</h4>
+<h4 class="subsubsection" id="Encoding-file-format-1"><span>6.3.1.5 Encoding file format<a class="copiable-link" href="#Encoding-file-format-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-encoding-file-format"></a>
@@ -4484,9 +4484,9 @@ PostScript font. Here is a skeletal example:
<pre class="example-preformatted">% <span class="r">Comments are ignored, unless the first word after the percent sign</span>
% <span class="r">is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">LIGKERN</samp>&rsquo;; see below.</span>
/MyEncoding [ % <span class="r">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo;</span>
- /Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta &hellip;
- /A /B &hellip; /Z
- &hellip; /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent
+ /Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta ...
+ /A /B ... /Z
+ ... /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent
] def
</pre></div>
@@ -4583,7 +4583,7 @@ operation, so there are a total of eight possibilities:
<p>
Next: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Afm2tfm options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing font encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Afm2tfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Special-font-effects-1">6.3.2 Special font effects</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Special-font-effects-1"><span>6.3.2 Special font effects<a class="copiable-link" href="#Special-font-effects-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-oblique-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-slanted-fonts"></a>
@@ -4678,14 +4678,14 @@ different output encodings) may be based on it.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Special-font-effects" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Special font effects</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Afm2tfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Afm2tfm-options-1">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Afm2tfm-options-1"><span>6.3.3 Afm2tfm options<a class="copiable-link" href="#Afm2tfm-options-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-afm2tfm-options"></a>
<p>Synopsis:
</p><div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">afm2tfm [<var class="var">option</var>]&hellip; <var class="var">afmfile</var>[.afm] [<var class="var">tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]
+<pre class="example-preformatted">afm2tfm [<var class="var">option</var>]... <var class="var">afmfile</var>[.afm] [<var class="var">tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]
</pre></div>
<p>Afm2tfm reads <var class="var">afmfile</var> and writes a corresponding (but &ldquo;raw&rdquo;,
@@ -4717,9 +4717,9 @@ See <a class="xref" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a PostScript font ava
<p>The command line options to Afm2tfm:
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_002da-1'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-a</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002da-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accent-height-adjustment_002c-omitting"></a>
-<p>By default, Afm2tfm looks for precomposed accented characters, such as
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-accent-height-adjustment_002c-omitting"></a>
+<a id="index-_002da-1"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-a</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002da-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>By default, Afm2tfm looks for precomposed accented characters, such as
tdieresis, and possibly adjusts the height of the basic letter (t)
upward so that the result of using <code class="code">\accent</code> (as in <code class="code">\&quot;t</code>)
is visually the same as the precomposed characters. The <code class="code">-a</code>
@@ -4729,63 +4729,63 @@ as they are given in the AFM file. (Until Afm2tfm 8.4, released in
the case.)
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dc-ratio'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-c <var class="var">ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dc-ratio'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaling-small-caps"></a>
-<p>See &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-V</samp>&rsquo;; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaling-small-caps"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dc-ratio"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-c <var class="var">ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dc-ratio"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>See &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-V</samp>&rsquo;; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the
scaling of small caps.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002de-ratio'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-e <var class="var">ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002de-ratio'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-expanded-fonts-1"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-expanded-fonts-1"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-condensed-fonts"></a>
-<p>Stretch characters horizontally by <var class="var">ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you
+<a id="index-_002de-ratio"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-e <var class="var">ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002de-ratio"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Stretch characters horizontally by <var class="var">ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you
get a condensed font.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dO'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-O</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dO'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-octal-character-codes"></a>
-<p>Output all character codes in the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">vpl</samp>&rsquo; file as octal numbers, not
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-octal-character-codes"></a>
+<a id="index-_002dO"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-O</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dO"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Output all character codes in the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">vpl</samp>&rsquo; file as octal numbers, not
names; this is useful for symbol or other special-purpose fonts where
character names such as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">A</samp>&rsquo; have no meaning.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p <var class="var">ps-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p <var class="var">ps-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Use <var class="var">ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font;
<var class="var">ps-enc</var> must be mentioned as a header file for the font in
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfonts.map</samp>&rsquo;.
See <a class="xref" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ds-slant'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-s <var class="var">slant</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ds-slant'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making"></a>
-<p>Slant characters to the right by <var class="var">slant</var>. If <var class="var">slant</var> is
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making"></a>
+<a id="index-_002ds-slant"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-s <var class="var">slant</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ds-slant"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Slant characters to the right by <var class="var">slant</var>. If <var class="var">slant</var> is
negative, the letters slope to the left (or they might be upright if you
start with an italic font).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t <var class="var">tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t <var class="var">tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Use <var class="var">tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font.
Ligature and kern information may also be specified in <var class="var">file</var>.
<var class="var">file</var> is not mentioned in <samp class="file">psfonts.map</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-T <var class="var">ps-tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-T <var class="var">ps-tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Use <var class="var">ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings
of the font. Equivalent to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p <var class="var">file</var> -t <var class="var">file</var></samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002du'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-u</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002du'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002du"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-u</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002du"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no
others. By default, Afm2tfm tries to include all characters in the
input font, even those not present in the TeX encoding (it puts them
into otherwise-unused positions, arbitrarily).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-v <var class="var">vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-v <var class="var">vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-V <var class="var">vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">-V <var class="var">vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Same as &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-v</samp>&rsquo;, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps
font obtained by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 to typeset
lowercase. This font handles accented letters and retains proper
@@ -4802,7 +4802,7 @@ kerning.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Invoking Afm2tfm</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="psfonts_002emap_003a-PostScript-font-catalog">6.4 <samp class="file">psfonts.map</samp>: PostScript font catalog</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="psfonts_002emap_003a-PostScript-font-catalog"><span>6.4 <samp class="file">psfonts.map</samp>: PostScript font catalog<a class="copiable-link" href="#psfonts_002emap_003a-PostScript-font-catalog"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-psfonts_002emap-2"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-non_002dresident-fonts"></a>
@@ -4947,7 +4947,7 @@ name, it is used for both the TeX name and the PostScript name.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript fonts</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Color-1">7 Color</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Color-1"><span>7 Color<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color"></a>
@@ -4980,7 +4980,7 @@ for the TeX administrator.
<p>
Next: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors" accesskey="n" rel="next">User-definable colors</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Color-macro-files-1">7.1 Color macro files</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Color-macro-files-1"><span>7.1 Color macro files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-macro-files-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-macros-for-color"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-macros"></a>
@@ -5080,7 +5080,7 @@ and LaTeX use compatible.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Color-subtleties" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color subtleties</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color-macro-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color macro files</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="User_002ddefinable-colors-1">7.2 User-definable colors</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="User_002ddefinable-colors-1"><span>7.2 User-definable colors<a class="copiable-link" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-user_002ddefinable-colors"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable"></a>
@@ -5122,7 +5122,7 @@ and do its best to recover by discarding the current color history.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Ted-Turner" accesskey="n" rel="next">Printing in black/white after colorizing</a>, Previous: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">User-definable colors</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Color-subtleties-1">7.3 Color subtleties</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Color-subtleties-1"><span>7.3 Color subtleties<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-subtleties-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-subtleties"></a>
@@ -5165,7 +5165,7 @@ be done by prefixing the color command with <code class="code">\leavevmode</code
<p>
Next: <a href="#Color-device-configuration" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color device configuration</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color-subtleties" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color subtleties</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Printing-in-black_002fwhite-after-colorizing">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Printing-in-black_002fwhite-after-colorizing"><span>7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing<a class="copiable-link" href="#Printing-in-black_002fwhite-after-colorizing"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>If you have a TeX or LaTeX document written with color macros and
you want to print it in black and white there are two options. On all
@@ -5192,7 +5192,7 @@ compatible with some form of color support.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color support details</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ted-Turner" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Printing in black/white after colorizing</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Color-device-configuration-1">7.5 Color device configuration</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Color-device-configuration-1"><span>7.5 Color device configuration<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-device-configuration-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-configuration"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices"></a>
@@ -5257,7 +5257,7 @@ predefine other colors for your users.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Color-device-configuration" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color device configuration</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Color-support-details-1">7.6 Color support details</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Color-support-details-1"><span>7.6 Color support details<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-support-details-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>To support color, Dvips recognizes a certain set of specials. These
specials start with the keyword &lsquo;<samp class="samp">color</samp>&rsquo; or the keyword
@@ -5275,7 +5275,7 @@ specials start with the keyword &lsquo;<samp class="samp">color</samp>&rsquo; or
<p>
Next: <a href="#Color-specials" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color specials</a>, Up: <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color support details</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Color-specifications-1">7.6.1 Color specifications</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Color-specifications-1"><span>7.6.1 Color specifications<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-specifications-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-specifications"></a>
@@ -5311,7 +5311,7 @@ pattern (assuming such exists.)
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Color-specifications" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color specifications</a>, Up: <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color support details</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Color-specials-1">7.6.2 Color specials</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Color-specials-1"><span>7.6.2 Color specials<a class="copiable-link" href="#Color-specials-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<p>We will describe &lsquo;<samp class="samp">background</samp>&rsquo; first, since it is the simplest. The
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">background</samp>&rsquo; keyword must be followed by a color specification.
@@ -5361,38 +5361,38 @@ categories of color-like state.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Color" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1">Index</h2>
+<h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1"><span>Index<a class="copiable-link" href="#Index-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<div class="printindex cp-printindex">
-<table class="cp-letters-header-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>!</b></a>
+<table class="cp-letters-header-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>-</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>&quot;</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>!</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>%</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>.</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>(</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>&quot;</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>+</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>(</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>-</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>@</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>.</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>/</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>/</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>\</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>6</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>%</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>8</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>+</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>&lt;</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>=</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>@</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>|</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>\</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>6</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>|</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>8</b></a>
&nbsp;
<br>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -5449,820 +5449,820 @@ Previous: <a href="#Color" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color</a>, Up: <a href="#Top
&nbsp;
</td></tr></table>
<table class="cp-entries-printindex" border="0">
-<tr><td></td><th class="entries-header-printindex">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th class="sections-header-printindex"> Section</th></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">!</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021-special-_0028literal-PS-header_0029"><code>! <span class="r">special (literal PS header)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021-starting-output-filename"><code>! <span class="r">starting output filename</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-2">&quot;</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0022-special-_0028literal-PostScript_0029"><code>&quot; <span class="r">special (literal PostScript)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_0022-special">&quot; special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-3">%</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025BoundingBox"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information"><code>%%Page<span class="r">, and multi-page information</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-not-generating"><code>%%Page<span class="r">, not generating</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-removing"><code>%%Page<span class="r">, removing</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-required-by-Ghostview"><code>%%Page<span class="r">, required by Ghostview</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Title"><code>%%Title</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025VMusage"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_002aFont"><code>%*Font</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-4">(</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0028atend_0029_002c-bounding-box-specification"><code>(atend)<span class="r">, bounding box specification</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-5">+</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002bpsmapfile"><code>+<var class="var">psmapfile</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-6">-</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d"><code>-</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d-as-output-filename"><code>- <span class="r">as output filename</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp"><code>--help</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-1"><code>--help</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion"><code>--version</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002da"><code>-a</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dA"><code>-A</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002da-1"><code>-a</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dB"><code>-B</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002db-num"><code>-b <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dbitmapfontenc-option"><code>-bitmapfontenc <var class="var">option</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dc-num"><code>-c <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dC-num"><code>-C <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dc-ratio"><code>-c <var class="var">ratio</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dd-num"><code>-d <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dD-num"><code>-D <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dE"><code>-E</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002de-num"><code>-e <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002de-ratio"><code>-e <var class="var">ratio</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002df"><code>-f</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dF"><code>-F</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dG"><code>-G</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dh-name"><code>-h <var class="var">name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002di"><code>-i</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading"><code>-j <span class="r">for partial font downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dK"><code>-K</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dk-for-cropmarks"><code>-k <span class="r">for cropmarks</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dL"><code>-L</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d"><code>-l [=]<var class="var">num</var>[.<var class="var">pageseq</var>]</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dlandscaperotate"><code>-landscaperotate</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dm"><code>-m</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dM"><code>-M</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dmode-mode"><code>-mode <var class="var">mode</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dN"><code>-N</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dn-num"><code>-n <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dnoomega"><code>-noomega</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dnoptex"><code>-noptex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dO"><code>-O</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002do-name"><code>-o <var class="var">name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset"><code>-O <var class="var">x-offset</var>,<var class="var">y-offset</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dP-printer"><code>-P <var class="var">printer</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dp-ps_002denc"><code>-p <var class="var">ps-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1"><code>-p <var class="var">ps-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d"><code>-p [=]<var class="var">num</var>[.<var class="var">pageseq</var>]</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dpp-first_002dlast"><code>-pp <var class="var">first</var>-<var class="var">last</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dpp-range"><code>-pp <var class="var">range</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dPprinter_002c-and-config-file-searching"><code>-P<var class="var">printer</var><span class="r">, and config file searching</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dq"><code>-q</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dr"><code>-r</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dR"><code>-R</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ds"><code>-s</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dS-num"><code>-S <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ds-slant"><code>-s <var class="var">slant</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dT-enc_002dfile"><code>-T <var class="var">enc-file</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize"><code>-T <var class="var">hsize</var>,<var class="var">vsize</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dt-papertype"><code>-t <var class="var">papertype</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc"><code>-T <var class="var">ps-tex-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dt-tex_002denc"><code>-t <var class="var">tex-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1"><code>-t <var class="var">tex-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dtitle-str"><code>-title <var class="var">str</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dU"><code>-U</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002du"><code>-u</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002du-psmapfile"><code>-u <var class="var">psmapfile</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dv"><code>-v</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dV"><code>-V</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile"><code>-v <var class="var">vpl-file</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile"><code>-V <var class="var">vpl-file</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dx-num"><code>-x <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dX-num"><code>-X <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dY-num"><code>-Y <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dz"><code>-z</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts"><code>-Z <span class="r">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi"><code>-z <span class="r">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-7">.</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002e_002e_002drelative-filenames"><samp class="file">..</samp>-relative filenames</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eafm-Adobe-metric-files"><code>.afm <span class="r">Adobe metric files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002edvipsrc_002c-searched-for"><code>.dvipsrc<span class="r">, searched for</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eenc-extension-for-encoding-vectors"><code>.enc <span class="r">extension for encoding vectors</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elpro-long-prologue-files"><code>.lpro <span class="r">long prologue files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emf-Metafont-source-files"><code>.mf <span class="r">Metafont source files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ennnpk-packed-font-bitmaps"><code>.<var class="var">nnn</var>pk <span class="r">packed font bitmaps</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfa-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"><code>.pfa <span class="r">extension required for partial downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfa-printer-font-ascii-files"><code>.pfa <span class="r">printer font ascii files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfb-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"><code>.pfb <span class="r">extension required for partial downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfb-printer-font-binary-files"><code>.pfb <span class="r">printer font binary files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfm-printer-font-metric-files"><code>.pfm <span class="r">printer font metric files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epl-property-list-files"><code>.pl <span class="r">property list files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epro-prologue-files"><code>.pro <span class="r">prologue files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etfm-TeX-font-metric-files"><code>.tfm <span class="r">TeX font metric files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-8">/</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f_0023copies"><code>/#copies</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f_0023copies-1"><code>/#copies</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fmagscale"><code>/magscale</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-9">6</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-612-792-bounding-box-size"><code>612 792 <span class="r">bounding box size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-10">8</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-8r-encoding_002c-and-extra-characters"><code>8r <span class="r">encoding, and extra characters</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-8r-font-encoding">8r font encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-8r_002eenc"><code>8r.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-11">&lt;</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003c-font-downloading"><code>&lt; <span class="r">font downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003c_003c-whole-font-downloading"><code>&lt;&lt; <span class="r">whole font downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003c_005b-encoding-vector-downloading"><code>&lt;[ <span class="r">encoding vector downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-12">=</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003d_003a-ligature-operation"><code>=: <span class="r">ligature operation</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-13">@</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0040-config-command-_0028define-paper-sizes_0029"><code>@ <span class="r">config command (define paper sizes)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-14">\</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002e"><code>\.</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAA"><code>\AA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cColorName"><code>\<var class="var">ColorName</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdot"><code>\dot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsffile-macro"><code>\epsffile <span class="r">macro</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsfsize"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsfverbosetrue"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsfxsize"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsfysize"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cH"><code>\H</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cincludegraphics-LaTeX-macro">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleavevmode"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmagnification"><code>\magnification</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crotninety"><code>\rotninety</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextColorName"><code>\text<var class="var">ColorName</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-15">|</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007c-starting-output-filename"><code>| <span class="r">starting output filename</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a-config-command-_0028conserve-memory_0029"><code>a <span class="r">config command (conserve memory)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a3-papertype">a3 papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a4-paper-size"><code>a4 <span class="r">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a4-papertype">a4 papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-A4size-paper-size"><code>A4size <span class="r">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling">absolute filenames, disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accent-height-adjustment_002c-omitting">accent height adjustment, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position">accents, in wrong position</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong">accents, wrong</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accuracy-in-positioning">accuracy in positioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-afm-files">afm files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-afm2tfm"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-afm2tfm-1"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options">afm2tfm options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code">after header, inserting code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Aladdin-Ghostscript">Aladdin Ghostscript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie">Anderson, Laurie</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>angle <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arcs">arcs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-atend_002c-bounding-box-specification"><code>atend<span class="r">, bounding box specification</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029"><code>b <span class="r">config command (#copies)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-base"><code>base</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended">base encoding, recommended</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-base-fonts">base fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bbfig"><code>bbfig</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code">before header, inserting code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-big-points">big points</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-binary-files_002c-not-supported">binary files, not supported</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bitmap-font-encoding">bitmap font encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bitmap-font-encodings">bitmap font encodings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts">bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bitmapfontenc-config-command-_0028bitmap-font-encoding_0029"><code>bitmapfontenc <span class="r">config command (bitmap font encoding)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop-undefined-error"><code class="t">bop undefined</code> error</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook"><code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-1"><code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-2"><code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook_002c-and-offset-pages"><code>bop-hook<span class="r">, and offset pages</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-boundary-character">boundary character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for">bounding box, comment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined">bounding box, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining">bounding box, determining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight">bounding box, finding tight</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-for-bitmap-fonts">bounding box, for bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate">bounding box, inaccurate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX-1">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-c-config-command-_0028include-another-config-file_0029"><code>c <span class="r">config command (include another config file)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings">changing PostScript encodings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-changing-TeX-encodings">changing TeX encodings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript">character definitions in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CharStrings-Type-1-dictionary"><code>CharStrings <span class="r">Type 1 dictionary</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>clip <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF">clipping of EPSF</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-collated-copies">collated copies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color">color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-configuration">color configuration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-macros">color macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case">color names, mixed case</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-nesting-level">color nesting level</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-separations">color separations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-specifications">color specifications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-subtleties">color subtleties</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable">colors, user-definable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from">command line, including headers from</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command_002dline-options">command-line options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files">comments, in configuration files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files">comments, in encoding files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-removing-included">comments, removing included</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compilation">compilation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript">compressed PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts">compressing bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-condensed-fonts">condensed fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eproto"><code>config.proto</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps"><code>config.ps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps-installation"><code>config.ps <span class="r">installation</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps-paper-sizes"><code>config.ps <span class="r">paper sizes</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps_002c-searched-for"><code>config.ps<span class="r">, searched for</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file-options">configuration file options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command">configuration file paper size command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file-path">configuration file path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching">configuration file searching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-files">configuration files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-creating">configuration files, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-prototype">configuration files, prototype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices">configuration, of color devices</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips">configuration, of Dvips</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported">continuation lines, not supported</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control_002dD">control-D</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-coordinate-system_002c-for-bitmap-fonts">coordinate system, for bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copies_002c-collated">copies, collated</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies">copies, duplicated page bodies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copies_002c-uncollated">copies, uncollated</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box">Crayola crayon box</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-crop_002epro"><code>crop.pro</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cropmarks">cropmarks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript">current font, in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029"><code>D <span class="r">config command (dpi)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dated-output">dated output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output">datestamp, in output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging">debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-1">debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-options">debugging options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-default-resolutions">default resolutions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-Make-variable"><code>default_texsizes <span class="r">Make variable</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Deutsch_002c-Peter">Deutsch, Peter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-CharStrings">dictionary, <code class="code">CharStrings</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language">dictionary, PostScript language</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-SDict">dictionary, <code class="code">SDict</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-userdict">dictionary, <code class="code">userdict</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_002dz">distillation, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-z</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files">distiller, for PDF files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-title_002c-specifying">document title, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot-accent">dot accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double_002dsided-printing">double-sided printing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially">downloading fonts partially</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts">downloading PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark">Doyle, Mark</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-draft-copies">draft copies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays">dual paper trays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-duplex-printers">duplex printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVI-magnification">DVI magnification</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvihps_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript"><code>dvihps<span class="r">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options">Dvips configuration file options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvips_002dall_002eenc"><code>dvips-all.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG"><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_002c-overrides-H"><code>DVIPSHEADERS<span class="r">, overrides</span> H</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSRC"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_002c-overrides-R"><code>DVIPSSIZES<span class="r">, overrides</span> R</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics">dynamic creation of graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029"><code>e <span class="r">config command (maxdrift)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029"><code>E <span class="r">config command (shell escape)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts">efficiency, and fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ehandler_002eps"><code>ehandler.ps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-changes">encoding changes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-file-format">encoding file format</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-files">encoding files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Encoding-Type-1-dictionary"><code>Encoding <span class="r">Type 1 dictionary</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined">encoding vectors, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encodings">encodings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encodings_002c-for-bitmap-fonts">encodings, for bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-end_002dhook"><code>end-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variables">environment variables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EOF">EOF</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eop_002dhook"><code>eop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview">EPS, and Ghostview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EPSF_002c-generating">EPSF, generating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-epsf_002esty"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-epsf_002etex"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Epson-printers">Epson printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-error-messages-from-printer">error messages from printer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-even-pages-only">even pages only</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript">examples of literal PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts">expanded fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-1">expanded fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-2">expanded fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extended-URL">extended URL</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ExtendFont"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing">extra characters, accessing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029"><code>f <span class="r">config command (filter)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-F-config-command-_0028filter_0029"><code>F <span class="r">config command (filter)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors">failure, and printer errors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failure_002c-of-long-documents">failure, of long documents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics">failure, to include graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all">failure, to print at all</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions">fallback resolutions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts">figures and fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size">figures, natural size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling">figures, scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filter_002c-running-as-a">filter, running as a</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-first-page-printed">first page printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-concepts">font concepts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-encodings_002c-bitmap">font encodings, bitmap</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding">font generation, avoiding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontinst"><code>fontinst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files">fonts, as header files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of">fonts, changing encoding of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading">fonts, downloading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded">fonts, expanded</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript">fonts, installation of PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing">fonts, installing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined">fonts, outlined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted">fonts, slanted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps">fonts, small caps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript">fonts, system PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-G-config-command-_0028character-shifting_0029"><code>G <span class="r">config command (character shifting)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gf-files">gf files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gftopk"><code>gftopk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ghostview"><code>ghostview</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-N">Ghostview, and no &lsquo;<samp class="samp">N</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glyph-files">glyph files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>GLYPHFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gnuplot"><code>gnuplot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-fails">graphics inclusion fails</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gs-installation"><code>gs <span class="r">installation</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gsave_002fgrestore_002c-and-literal-PS"><code>gsave<span class="r">/</span>grestore<span class="r">, and literal PS</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gsftopk"><code>gsftopk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-h-config-command-_0028download-additional-header_0029"><code>h <span class="r">config command (download additional header)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-H-config-command-_0028PostScript-header-path_0029"><code>H <span class="r">config command (PostScript header path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim">Hafner, Jim</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header-file_002c-downloading">header file, downloading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined">header files, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining">header path, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header_003dfile-_005cspecial"><code>header=<var class="var">file</var> \special</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage">headers and memory usage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line">headers, including from the command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-TeX">headers, including in TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hints">hints</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hoffset <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-href"><code>href</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hscale <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hsize <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-html-specials"><code>html <span class="r">specials</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-html-specials_002c-and-_002dz"><code>html <span class="r">specials, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-z</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut">Hungarian umlaut</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats">hypertext caveats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-1">hypertext caveats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-specials">hypertext specials</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-support">hypertext support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029"><code>i <span class="r">config command (pages/section)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for">Illustrator, workaround for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-img"><code>img</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-including-graphics-fails">including graphics fails</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line">including headers from the command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-including-headers-in-TeX">including headers in TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installation-of-config_002eps">installation of <samp class="file">config.ps</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts">installation of PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-Dvips">installation, of Dvips</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installing-fonts">installing fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript">interaction with PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inverted-output">inverted output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-invoking-Dvips">invoking Dvips</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-J">J</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029"><code>j <span class="r">config command (partial font downloading)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Japanese-font-metric-file">Japanese font metric file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan">Jeffrey, Alan</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-JFM-file_002c-and-virtual-font-fallback">JFM file, and virtual font fallback</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-K">K</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-K-config-command-_0028comment-removal_0029"><code>K <span class="r">config command (comment removal)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined">kerning, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-L-config-command-_0028last-paper-size-wins_0029"><code>L <span class="r">config command (last paper size wins)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined">landscape orientation, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape-papertype">landscape papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape_002c-as-_005cspecial"><code>landscape<span class="r">, as <code class="code">\special</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscaperotate">landscaperotate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscaperotate-command-line-option">landscaperotate command line option</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscaperotate-config-command"><code>landscaperotate <span class="r">config command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscaperotate-configuration-file-command">landscaperotate configuration file command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last-page-printed">last page printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-DVIPSSIZES">last-resort font scaling, with <code class="code">DVIPSSIZES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-R">last-resort scaling, with <code class="code">R</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ledger-papertype">ledger papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-legal-papertype">legal papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letter-paper-size"><code>letter <span class="r">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letter-papertype">letter papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letterhead-tray">letterhead tray</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letterSize-paper-size"><code>letterSize <span class="r">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ligature-operations">ligature operations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined">ligature, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LIGKERN-encoding-file-command"><code>LIGKERN <span class="r">encoding file command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width">lines in figures, wrong width</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext">links, hypertext</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-literal-headers">literal headers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples">literal PostScript, examples</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using">literal PostScript, using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>llx <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lly-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>lly <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-long-documents-not-printing">long documents not printing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-low-characters_002c-shifting">low characters, shifting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation">lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029"><code>m <span class="r">config command (available memory)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029"><code>M <span class="r">config command (mf mode)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macros-for-color">macros for color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion">macros for epsf inclusion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-1">macros for epsf inclusion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI">magnification, DVI</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI">magnification, overriding DVI</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical">magnification, vertical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mailcap-and-hypertext"><code>mailcap <span class="r">and hypertext</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-manual-feed">manual feed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-maxdrift">maxdrift</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-maximum-pages-printed">maximum pages printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-media">media</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory-available">memory available</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory-of-printer-exhausted">memory of printer exhausted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers">memory usage, and headers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory_002c-conserving">memory, conserving</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations">Metafont ligature operations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying">Metafont mode, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files">Metafont source files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-metric-files">metric files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family">Minion typeface family</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-missfont_002elog"><code>missfont.log</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer">Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"><code>mktexpk<span class="r">, avoiding</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-changing-name"><code>mktexpk<span class="r">, changing name</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying">mode name, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mtpk"><code>mtpk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts">multiple master fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-output-files">multiple output files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays">multiple paper trays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim">Murphy, Tim</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-N-config-command-_0028disable-EPS_0029"><code>N <span class="r"> config command (disable EPS)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-name"><code>name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-narrow-fonts">narrow fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-no-output-at-all">no output at all</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting">non-printing characters, shifting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts">non-resident fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nopaper_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"><code>nopaper<span class="r">, paper format for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-o-config-command-_0028output-destination_0029"><code>o <span class="r">config command (output destination)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-O-config-command-_0028page-offsets_0029"><code>O <span class="r">config command (page offsets)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oblique-fonts">oblique fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-octal-character-codes">octal character codes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-odd-pages-only">odd pages only</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-offset-pages">offset pages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Omega-extensions">Omega extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of">option, details of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-debugging">options, debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-Dvips">options, Dvips</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input">options, reading from standard input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-summary">options, summary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm">options, to Afm2tfm</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-outline-fonts">outline fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-outline-fonts-1">outline fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of">output file, sectioning of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting">output file, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-files_002c-multiple">output files, multiple</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-title_002c-specifying">output title, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-inverted">output, inverted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-none">output, none</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting">output, redirecting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-too-small">output, too small</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029"><code>p <span class="r">config command (font aliases)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029"><code>P <span class="r">config command (PK path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-numbers_002c-multiple-repetitions-of">page numbers, multiple repetitions of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-range">page range</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed">page, first printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed">page, last printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pages_002c-maximum-printed">pages, maximum printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PaintType"><code>PaintType</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Pantone-colors">Pantone colors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command">paper size configuration file command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-default">paper size, default</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general">paper size, general</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-trays">paper trays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-type">paper type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-papersize-special"><code>papersize <span class="r">special</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_002dt">papersize special, and no &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-first-vs_002e-last">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special, first vs. last</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading">partial font downloading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality">PDF files, font quality</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making">PDF files, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-1">PDF files, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for">PDF files, option for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdfmark"><code>pdfmark</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pfa-files">pfa files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pfb-files">pfb files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pfm-files">pfm files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-bop_002dhook">physical page number, and <code class="code">bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pipes_002c-not-readable">pipes, not readable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pk-files">pk files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PKFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>PKFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-plotfile_002c-ps-subspecial"><code>plotfile<span class="r">, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">ps</samp>&rsquo; subspecial</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pltotf"><code>pltotf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-popen-for-output"><code>popen <span class="r">for output</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined">portrait orientation, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-positioning-accuracy">positioning accuracy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-post-code-after-headers"><code>post <span class="r">code after headers</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal">PostScript code, literal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding">PostScript encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing">PostScript encoding, changing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file">PostScript font alias file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-1">PostScript font alias file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing">PostScript fonts, installing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system">PostScript fonts, on your system</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files">PostScript header files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction">PostScript interaction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-previewers">PostScript previewers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-units">PostScript units</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation">PowerPage PostScript implementation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pre-code-before-headers"><code>pre <span class="r">code before headers</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-previewing-Dvips-output">previewing Dvips output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PRINTER"><code>PRINTER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-configuration">printer configuration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype">printer configuration file, prototype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-errors">printer errors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-memory">printer memory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-memory-exhausted">printer memory exhausted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-offset">printer offset</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PRINTER_002c-and-config-file-searching"><code>PRINTER<span class="r">, and config file searching</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PRINTER_002c-avoided-with-_002df"><code>PRINTER<span class="r">, avoided with &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-f</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer_002c-driving-directly">printer, driving directly</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-problems">problems</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-property-list-files">property list files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-prototype-printer-configuration-file">prototype printer configuration file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ps-special"><code>ps <span class="r">special</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psfile-special"><code>psfile <span class="r">special</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-1"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-2"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psheaderdir"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psi-character-missing">psi character missing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pstopk"><code>pstopk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pTeX-extensions">pTeX extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pTeX-extensions-1">pTeX extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ptex-JFM"><code>ptex <span class="r">JFM</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"><code>q <span class="r">config command (quiet)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"><code>Q <span class="r">config command (quiet)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quiet-operation">quiet operation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-R-config-command-_0028fallback-resolution_0029"><code>R <span class="r">config command (fallback resolution)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029"><code>r <span class="r">config command (page reversal)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-raw-tfm-files">raw tfm files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reencoding">reencoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-registered-character_002c-accessing"><code>registered <span class="r">character, accessing</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-remapping">remapping</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-1">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolution">resolution</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolution-1">resolution</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting">resolution, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reverse-pagination">reverse pagination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>rhi <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas">Rokicki, Tomas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rotate_002etex"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rwi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>rwi <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-s-config-command-_0028global-save_002frestore_0029"><code>s <span class="r">config command (global save/restore)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029"><code>S <span class="r">config command (pict path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output">save/restore, and inverted output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-literal-PS"><code>save<span class="r">/</span>restore<span class="r">, and literal PS</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials">save/restore, and specials</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global">save/restore, generating global</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaleunit"><code>scaleunit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures">scaling of figures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps">scaling small caps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring">Scandinavian A ring</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting">screen frequencies, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SDict"><code>SDict</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SDict-dictionary"><code>SDict <span class="r">dictionary</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of">searching config files, order of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory">sections of output file, and memory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files">sections output, in separate files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-security">security</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling">shell command execution, disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file">shell escape, in config file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer">Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-show-PostScript-operator"><code>show <span class="r">PostScript operator</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-silent-operation">silent operation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slanted-fonts">slanted fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making">slanted fonts, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SlantFont"><code>SlantFont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts">small caps fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur">Smith, Arthur</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing">spaces, dropped trailing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext">specials, hypertext</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-splines">splines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spooler_002c-lacking">spooler, lacking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS">spooling to lpr on MS-DOS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-I_002fO">standard I/O</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from">standard input, reading options from</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to">standard output, output to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview">standard PostScript, required by Ghostview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-start_002dhook"><code>start-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-structured-comments">structured comments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system-in-config-file"><code>system <span class="r">in config file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029"><code>T <span class="r">config command (TFM path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-testpage_002etex"><code>testpage.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-encoding_002c-changing">TeX encoding, changing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-including-headers-in">TeX, including headers in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>TEXFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-T"><code>TEXFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> T</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_002c-overrides-S"><code>TEXINPUTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> S</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-1"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_002c-overrides-S"><code>TEXPICTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> S</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPKS_002c-overrides-P"><code>TEXPKS<span class="r">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_002c-overrides-R"><code>TEXSIZES<span class="r">, overrides</span> R</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off">text in figures, chopped off</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tfm-files">tfm files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_002c-overrides-T"><code>TFMFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> T</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tftopl"><code>tftopl</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Theisen_002c-Tim">Theisen, Tim</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding">tight bounding box, finding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-title_002c-specifying">title, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-too_002dsmall-output">too-small output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trademark-character_002c-accessing"><code>trademark <span class="r">character, accessing</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped">trailing spaces, dropped</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TranScript">TranScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts">transforming downloaded fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trouble">trouble</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts">Type 1 fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript">typesetting in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-U">U</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029"><code>U <span class="r">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uncollated-copies">uncollated copies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript">uncompressing PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator">uniform resource locator</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"><code>unknown<span class="r">, paper format for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt-1"><code>unknown<span class="r">, paper format for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uptex-JFM"><code>uptex <span class="r">JFM</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition">URL, definition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-TeX">URL, extended for TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-urx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>urx <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ury-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>ury <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-usage_002c-basic">usage, basic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors">user-definable colors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-userdict_002c-and-dictionary-files"><code>userdict<span class="r">, and dictionary files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-userdict_002c-used-for-header-files">userdict<span class="r">, used for header files</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-V">V</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029"><code>V <span class="r">config command (vf path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing">verbose EPSF processing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vf-files">vf files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion">virtual font expansion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-virtual-font-path">virtual font path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-virtual-fonts">virtual fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating">virtual fonts, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VM-exhausted">VM exhausted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VMusage"><code>VMusage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>voffset <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vpl-files">vpl files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vptovf"><code>vptovf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>vscale <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>vsize <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-W-config-command-_0028emit-warning_0029"><code>W <span class="r">config command (emit warning)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining">warning messages, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading">whole font downloading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-wide-fonts">wide fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-X">X</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029"><code>X <span class="r">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Xerox-4045">Xerox 4045</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Y">Y</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029"><code>Y <span class="r">config command (vertical resolution)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Z">Z</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Z-config-command-_0028compress-fonts_0029"><code>Z <span class="r">config command (compress fonts)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029"><code>z <span class="r">config command (secure mode)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-zero-dimensions-and-setting-paper-size">zero dimensions and setting paper size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><th class="entries-header-printindex">Index Entry</th><th class="sections-header-printindex">Section</th></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">-</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d"><code>-</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d-as-output-filename"><code>- <span class="r">as output filename</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp"><code>--help</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-1"><code>--help</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion"><code>--version</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002da"><code>-a</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dA"><code>-A</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002da-1"><code>-a</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dB"><code>-B</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002db-num"><code>-b <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dbitmapfontenc-option"><code>-bitmapfontenc <var class="var">option</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dc-num"><code>-c <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dC-num"><code>-C <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dc-ratio"><code>-c <var class="var">ratio</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dd-num"><code>-d <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dD-num"><code>-D <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dE"><code>-E</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002de-num"><code>-e <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002de-ratio"><code>-e <var class="var">ratio</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002df"><code>-f</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dF"><code>-F</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dG"><code>-G</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dh-name"><code>-h <var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002di"><code>-i</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading"><code>-j <span class="r">for partial font downloading</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dK"><code>-K</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dk-for-cropmarks"><code>-k <span class="r">for cropmarks</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dL"><code>-L</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d"><code>-l [=]<var class="var">num</var>[.<var class="var">pageseq</var>]</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dlandscaperotate"><code>-landscaperotate</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dm"><code>-m</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dM"><code>-M</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dmode-mode"><code>-mode <var class="var">mode</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dN"><code>-N</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dn-num"><code>-n <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dnoomega"><code>-noomega</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dnoptex"><code>-noptex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dO"><code>-O</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002do-name"><code>-o <var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset"><code>-O <var class="var">x-offset</var>,<var class="var">y-offset</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum_005b_002epageseq_005d"><code>-p [=]<var class="var">num</var>[.<var class="var">pageseq</var>]</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dP-printer"><code>-P <var class="var">printer</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dp-ps_002denc"><code>-p <var class="var">ps-enc</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1"><code>-p <var class="var">ps-enc</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dpp-first_002dlast"><code>-pp <var class="var">first</var>-<var class="var">last</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dpp-range"><code>-pp <var class="var">range</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dPprinter_002c-and-config-file-searching"><code>-P<var class="var">printer</var><span class="r">, and config file searching</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dq"><code>-q</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dr"><code>-r</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dR"><code>-R</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ds"><code>-s</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dS-num"><code>-S <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ds-slant"><code>-s <var class="var">slant</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dT-enc_002dfile"><code>-T <var class="var">enc-file</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize"><code>-T <var class="var">hsize</var>,<var class="var">vsize</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dt-papertype"><code>-t <var class="var">papertype</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc"><code>-T <var class="var">ps-tex-enc</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dt-tex_002denc"><code>-t <var class="var">tex-enc</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1"><code>-t <var class="var">tex-enc</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dtitle-str"><code>-title <var class="var">str</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dU"><code>-U</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002du"><code>-u</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002du-psmapfile"><code>-u <var class="var">psmapfile</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dv"><code>-v</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dV"><code>-V</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile"><code>-v <var class="var">vpl-file</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile"><code>-V <var class="var">vpl-file</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dx-num"><code>-x <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dX-num"><code>-X <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dY-num"><code>-Y <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dz"><code>-z</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts"><code>-Z <span class="r">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi"><code>-z <span class="r">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-2">!</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021-special-_0028literal-PS-header_0029"><code>! <span class="r">special (literal PS header)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021-starting-output-filename"><code>! <span class="r">starting output filename</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-3">.</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002e_002e_002drelative-filenames"><samp class="file">..</samp>-relative filenames</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eafm-Adobe-metric-files"><code>.afm <span class="r">Adobe metric files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002edvipsrc_002c-searched-for"><code>.dvipsrc<span class="r">, searched for</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eenc-extension-for-encoding-vectors"><code>.enc <span class="r">extension for encoding vectors</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elpro-long-prologue-files"><code>.lpro <span class="r">long prologue files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emf-Metafont-source-files"><code>.mf <span class="r">Metafont source files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ennnpk-packed-font-bitmaps"><code>.<var class="var">nnn</var>pk <span class="r">packed font bitmaps</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfa-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"><code>.pfa <span class="r">extension required for partial downloading</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfa-printer-font-ascii-files"><code>.pfa <span class="r">printer font ascii files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfb-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"><code>.pfb <span class="r">extension required for partial downloading</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfb-printer-font-binary-files"><code>.pfb <span class="r">printer font binary files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfm-printer-font-metric-files"><code>.pfm <span class="r">printer font metric files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epl-property-list-files"><code>.pl <span class="r">property list files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epro-prologue-files"><code>.pro <span class="r">prologue files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etfm-TeX-font-metric-files"><code>.tfm <span class="r">TeX font metric files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-4">&quot;</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0022-special-_0028literal-PostScript_0029"><code>&quot; <span class="r">special (literal PostScript)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_0022-special">&quot; special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-5">(</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0028atend_0029_002c-bounding-box-specification"><code>(atend)<span class="r">, bounding box specification</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-6">@</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0040-config-command-_0028define-paper-sizes_0029"><code>@ <span class="r">config command (define paper sizes)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-7">/</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f_0023copies"><code>/#copies</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f_0023copies-1"><code>/#copies</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fmagscale"><code>/magscale</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-8">\</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002e"><code>\.</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cAA"><code>\AA</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cColorName"><code>\<var class="var">ColorName</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cdot"><code>\dot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsffile-macro"><code>\epsffile <span class="r">macro</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsfsize"><code>\epsfsize</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsfverbosetrue"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsfxsize"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cepsfysize"><code>\epsfysize</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cH"><code>\H</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cincludegraphics-LaTeX-macro">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cleavevmode"><code>\leavevmode</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cmagnification"><code>\magnification</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005crotninety"><code>\rotninety</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005ctextColorName"><code>\text<var class="var">ColorName</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-9">%</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_002aFont"><code>%*Font</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025BoundingBox"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information"><code>%%Page<span class="r">, and multi-page information</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-not-generating"><code>%%Page<span class="r">, not generating</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-removing"><code>%%Page<span class="r">, removing</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-required-by-Ghostview"><code>%%Page<span class="r">, required by Ghostview</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Title"><code>%%Title</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0025_0025VMusage"><code>%%VMusage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-10">+</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002bpsmapfile"><code>+<var class="var">psmapfile</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-11">&lt;</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003c-font-downloading"><code>&lt; <span class="r">font downloading</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003c_005b-encoding-vector-downloading"><code>&lt;[ <span class="r">encoding vector downloading</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003c_003c-whole-font-downloading"><code>&lt;&lt; <span class="r">whole font downloading</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-12">=</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003d_003a-ligature-operation"><code>=: <span class="r">ligature operation</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-13">|</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007c-starting-output-filename"><code>| <span class="r">starting output filename</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-14">6</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-612-792-bounding-box-size"><code>612 792 <span class="r">bounding box size</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-15">8</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-8r-encoding_002c-and-extra-characters"><code>8r <span class="r">encoding, and extra characters</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-8r-font-encoding">8r font encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-8r_002eenc"><code>8r.enc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a-config-command-_0028conserve-memory_0029"><code>a <span class="r">config command (conserve memory)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a3-papertype">a3 papertype</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a4-paper-size"><code>a4 <span class="r">paper size</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-a4-papertype">a4 papertype</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-A4size-paper-size"><code>A4size <span class="r">paper size</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling">absolute filenames, disabling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accent-height-adjustment_002c-omitting">accent height adjustment, omitting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position">accents, in wrong position</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong">accents, wrong</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-accuracy-in-positioning">accuracy in positioning</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-afm-files">afm files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-afm2tfm"><code>afm2tfm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-afm2tfm-1"><code>afm2tfm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options">afm2tfm options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code">after header, inserting code</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Aladdin-Ghostscript">Aladdin Ghostscript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie">Anderson, Laurie</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>angle <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arcs">arcs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-atend_002c-bounding-box-specification"><code>atend<span class="r">, bounding box specification</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029"><code>b <span class="r">config command (#copies)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-base"><code>base</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended">base encoding, recommended</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-base-fonts">base fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bbfig"><code>bbfig</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code">before header, inserting code</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-big-points">big points</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-binary-files_002c-not-supported">binary files, not supported</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bitmap-font-encoding">bitmap font encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bitmap-font-encodings">bitmap font encodings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts">bitmap fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bitmapfontenc-config-command-_0028bitmap-font-encoding_0029"><code>bitmapfontenc <span class="r">config command (bitmap font encoding)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop-undefined-error"><code class="t">bop undefined</code> error</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook"><code>bop-hook</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-1"><code>bop-hook</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-2"><code>bop-hook</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook_002c-and-offset-pages"><code>bop-hook<span class="r">, and offset pages</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-boundary-character">boundary character</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for">bounding box, comment for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined">bounding box, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining">bounding box, determining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight">bounding box, finding tight</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-for-bitmap-fonts">bounding box, for bitmap fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate">bounding box, inaccurate</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX-1">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-c-config-command-_0028include-another-config-file_0029"><code>c <span class="r">config command (include another config file)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings">changing PostScript encodings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-changing-TeX-encodings">changing TeX encodings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript">character definitions in PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CharStrings-Type-1-dictionary"><code>CharStrings <span class="r">Type 1 dictionary</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>clip <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF">clipping of EPSF</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-collated-copies">collated copies</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color">color</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-configuration">color configuration</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-macros">color macros</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case">color names, mixed case</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-nesting-level">color nesting level</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-separations">color separations</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-specifications">color specifications</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-color-subtleties">color subtleties</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable">colors, user-definable</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from">command line, including headers from</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-command_002dline-options">command-line options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files">comments, in configuration files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files">comments, in encoding files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-removing-included">comments, removing included</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compilation">compilation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript">compressed PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts">compressing bitmap fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript">Computer Modern in PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of">Computer Modern, encoding of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-condensed-fonts">condensed fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eproto"><code>config.proto</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps"><code>config.ps</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps-installation"><code>config.ps <span class="r">installation</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps-paper-sizes"><code>config.ps <span class="r">paper sizes</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps_002c-searched-for"><code>config.ps<span class="r">, searched for</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file-options">configuration file options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command">configuration file paper size command</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file-path">configuration file path</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching">configuration file searching</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-files">configuration files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-creating">configuration files, creating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-prototype">configuration files, prototype</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices">configuration, of color devices</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips">configuration, of Dvips</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported">continuation lines, not supported</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-control_002dD">control-D</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-coordinate-system_002c-for-bitmap-fonts">coordinate system, for bitmap fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copies_002c-collated">copies, collated</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies">copies, duplicated page bodies</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copies_002c-uncollated">copies, uncollated</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box">Crayola crayon box</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-crop_002epro"><code>crop.pro</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cropmarks">cropmarks</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript">current font, in PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029"><code>D <span class="r">config command (dpi)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dated-output">dated output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output">datestamp, in output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging">debugging</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-1">debugging</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-options">debugging options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-default-resolutions">default resolutions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-Make-variable"><code>default_texsizes <span class="r">Make variable</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Deutsch_002c-Peter">Deutsch, Peter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-CharStrings">dictionary, <code class="code">CharStrings</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language">dictionary, PostScript language</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-SDict">dictionary, <code class="code">SDict</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-userdict">dictionary, <code class="code">userdict</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_002dz">distillation, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-z</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files">distiller, for PDF files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-document-title_002c-specifying">document title, specifying</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot-accent">dot accent</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-double_002dsided-printing">double-sided printing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially">downloading fonts partially</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts">downloading PostScript fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark">Doyle, Mark</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-draft-copies">draft copies</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays">dual paper trays</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-duplex-printers">duplex printers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVI-magnification">DVI magnification</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvihps_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript"><code>dvihps<span class="r">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options">Dvips configuration file options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvips_002dall_002eenc"><code>dvips-all.enc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc"><code>dvips.enc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG"><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_002c-overrides-H"><code>DVIPSHEADERS<span class="r">, overrides</span> H</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSRC"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_002c-overrides-R"><code>DVIPSSIZES<span class="r">, overrides</span> R</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics">dynamic creation of graphics</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029"><code>e <span class="r">config command (maxdrift)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029"><code>E <span class="r">config command (shell escape)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts">efficiency, and fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ehandler_002eps"><code>ehandler.ps</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts">embedding Type 1 fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-changes">encoding changes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-file-format">encoding file format</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-files">encoding files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Encoding-Type-1-dictionary"><code>Encoding <span class="r">Type 1 dictionary</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined">encoding vectors, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encodings">encodings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-encodings_002c-for-bitmap-fonts">encodings, for bitmap fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-end_002dhook"><code>end-hook</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variables">environment variables</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EOF">EOF</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-eop_002dhook"><code>eop-hook</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview">EPS, and Ghostview</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EPSF_002c-generating">EPSF, generating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-epsf_002esty"><code>epsf.sty</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-epsf_002etex"><code>epsf.tex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Epson-printers">Epson printers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-error-messages-from-printer">error messages from printer</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-even-pages-only">even pages only</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript">examples of literal PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts">expanded fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-1">expanded fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-2">expanded fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts">expansion, of virtual fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extended-URL">extended URL</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ExtendFont"><code>ExtendFont</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing">extra characters, accessing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029"><code>f <span class="r">config command (filter)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-F-config-command-_0028filter_0029"><code>F <span class="r">config command (filter)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors">failure, and printer errors</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failure_002c-of-long-documents">failure, of long documents</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics">failure, to include graphics</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all">failure, to print at all</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions">fallback resolutions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts">figures and fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size">figures, natural size</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling">figures, scaling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filter_002c-running-as-a">filter, running as a</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-first-page-printed">first page printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-concepts">font concepts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-encodings_002c-bitmap">font encodings, bitmap</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bitmap-font-encodings">Bitmap font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding">font generation, avoiding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontinst"><code>fontinst</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files">fonts, as header files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of">fonts, changing encoding of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading">fonts, downloading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded">fonts, expanded</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures">fonts, in PostScript figures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript">fonts, installation of PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing">fonts, installing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined">fonts, outlined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted">fonts, slanted</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps">fonts, small caps</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript">fonts, system PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-G-config-command-_0028character-shifting_0029"><code>G <span class="r">config command (character shifting)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gf-files">gf files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gftopk"><code>gftopk</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ghostview"><code>ghostview</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-N">Ghostview, and no &lsquo;<samp class="samp">N</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glyph-files">glyph files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>GLYPHFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> P</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gnuplot"><code>gnuplot</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-fails">graphics inclusion fails</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gs-installation"><code>gs <span class="r">installation</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gsave_002fgrestore_002c-and-literal-PS"><code>gsave<span class="r">/</span>grestore<span class="r">, and literal PS</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gsftopk"><code>gsftopk</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-h-config-command-_0028download-additional-header_0029"><code>h <span class="r">config command (download additional header)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-H-config-command-_0028PostScript-header-path_0029"><code>H <span class="r">config command (PostScript header path)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim">Hafner, Jim</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header-file_002c-downloading">header file, downloading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined">header files, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining">header path, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-header_003dfile-_005cspecial"><code>header=<var class="var">file</var> \special</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage">headers and memory usage</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line">headers, including from the command line</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-TeX">headers, including in TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hints">hints</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hoffset <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-href"><code>href</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hscale <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hsize <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-html-specials"><code>html <span class="r">specials</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-html-specials_002c-and-_002dz"><code>html <span class="r">specials, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-z</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut">Hungarian umlaut</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats">hypertext caveats</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-1">hypertext caveats</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-specials">hypertext specials</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hypertext-support">hypertext support</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029"><code>i <span class="r">config command (pages/section)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for">Illustrator, workaround for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-img"><code>img</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-including-graphics-fails">including graphics fails</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line">including headers from the command line</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-including-headers-in-TeX">including headers in TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installation-of-config_002eps">installation of <samp class="file">config.ps</samp></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts">installation of PostScript fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-Dvips">installation, of Dvips</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-installing-fonts">installing fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript">interaction with PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-inverted-output">inverted output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-invoking-Dvips">invoking Dvips</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-J">J</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029"><code>j <span class="r">config command (partial font downloading)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Japanese-font-metric-file">Japanese font metric file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan">Jeffrey, Alan</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-JFM-file_002c-and-virtual-font-fallback">JFM file, and virtual font fallback</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-K">K</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-K-config-command-_0028comment-removal_0029"><code>K <span class="r">config command (comment removal)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined">kerning, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-L-config-command-_0028last-paper-size-wins_0029"><code>L <span class="r">config command (last paper size wins)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined">landscape orientation, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape-papertype">landscape papertype</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscape_002c-as-_005cspecial"><code>landscape<span class="r">, as <code class="code">\special</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscaperotate">landscaperotate</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscaperotate-command-line-option">landscaperotate command line option</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscaperotate-config-command"><code>landscaperotate <span class="r">config command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-landscaperotate-configuration-file-command">landscaperotate configuration file command</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last-page-printed">last page printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-DVIPSSIZES">last-resort font scaling, with <code class="code">DVIPSSIZES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-R">last-resort scaling, with <code class="code">R</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ledger-papertype">ledger papertype</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-legal-papertype">legal papertype</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letter-paper-size"><code>letter <span class="r">paper size</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letter-papertype">letter papertype</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letterhead-tray">letterhead tray</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-letterSize-paper-size"><code>letterSize <span class="r">paper size</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ligature-operations">ligature operations</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined">ligature, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LIGKERN-encoding-file-command"><code>LIGKERN <span class="r">encoding file command</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width">lines in figures, wrong width</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext">links, hypertext</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-literal-headers">literal headers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples">literal PostScript, examples</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using">literal PostScript, using</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>llx <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lly-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>lly <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-long-documents-not-printing">long documents not printing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-low-characters_002c-shifting">low characters, shifting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation">lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029"><code>m <span class="r">config command (available memory)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029"><code>M <span class="r">config command (mf mode)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macros-for-color">macros for color</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion">macros for epsf inclusion</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-1">macros for epsf inclusion</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI">magnification, DVI</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI">magnification, overriding DVI</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical">magnification, vertical</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mailcap-and-hypertext"><code>mailcap <span class="r">and hypertext</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-manual-feed">manual feed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-maxdrift">maxdrift</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-maximum-pages-printed">maximum pages printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-media">media</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory-available">memory available</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory-of-printer-exhausted">memory of printer exhausted</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers">memory usage, and headers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory_002c-conserving">memory, conserving</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations">Metafont ligature operations</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying">Metafont mode, specifying</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files">Metafont source files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-metric-files">metric files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family">Minion typeface family</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-missfont_002elog"><code>missfont.log</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer">Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"><code>mktexpk<span class="r">, avoiding</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-changing-name"><code>mktexpk<span class="r">, changing name</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying">mode name, specifying</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mtpk"><code>mtpk</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts">multiple master fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-output-files">multiple output files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays">multiple paper trays</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim">Murphy, Tim</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-N-config-command-_0028disable-EPS_0029"><code>N <span class="r"> config command (disable EPS)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-name"><code>name</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-narrow-fonts">narrow fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-no-output-at-all">no output at all</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting">non-printing characters, shifting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts">non-resident fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nopaper_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"><code>nopaper<span class="r">, paper format for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-o-config-command-_0028output-destination_0029"><code>o <span class="r">config command (output destination)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-O-config-command-_0028page-offsets_0029"><code>O <span class="r">config command (page offsets)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-oblique-fonts">oblique fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-octal-character-codes">octal character codes</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-odd-pages-only">odd pages only</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-offset-pages">offset pages</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Omega-extensions">Omega extensions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of">option, details of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-debugging">options, debugging</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-Dvips">options, Dvips</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input">options, reading from standard input</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-summary">options, summary</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm">options, to Afm2tfm</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-outline-fonts">outline fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-outline-fonts-1">outline fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of">output file, sectioning of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting">output file, setting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-files_002c-multiple">output files, multiple</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output-title_002c-specifying">output title, specifying</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-inverted">output, inverted</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-none">output, none</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting">output, redirecting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-output_002c-too-small">output, too small</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029"><code>p <span class="r">config command (font aliases)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029"><code>P <span class="r">config command (PK path)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-numbers_002c-multiple-repetitions-of">page numbers, multiple repetitions of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page-range">page range</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed">page, first printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed">page, last printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pages_002c-maximum-printed">pages, maximum printed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PaintType"><code>PaintType</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Pantone-colors">Pantone colors</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command">paper size configuration file command</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-default">paper size, default</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general">paper size, general</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-trays">paper trays</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paper-type">paper type</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-papersize-special"><code>papersize <span class="r">special</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_002dt">papersize special, and no &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-first-vs_002e-last">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special, first vs. last</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading">partial font downloading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality">PDF files, font quality</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making">PDF files, making</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-1">PDF files, making</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for">PDF files, option for</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdfmark"><code>pdfmark</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pfa-files">pfa files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pfb-files">pfb files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pfm-files">pfm files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-l</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-p</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-bop_002dhook">physical page number, and <code class="code">bop-hook</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pipes_002c-not-readable">pipes, not readable</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pk-files">pk files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PKFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>PKFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> P</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-plotfile_002c-ps-subspecial"><code>plotfile<span class="r">, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">ps</samp>&rsquo; subspecial</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pltotf"><code>pltotf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-popen-for-output"><code>popen <span class="r">for output</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined">portrait orientation, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-positioning-accuracy">positioning accuracy</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-post-code-after-headers"><code>post <span class="r">code after headers</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal">PostScript code, literal</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding">PostScript encoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing">PostScript encoding, changing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file">PostScript font alias file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-1">PostScript font alias file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing">PostScript fonts, installing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system">PostScript fonts, on your system</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files">PostScript header files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction">PostScript interaction</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-previewers">PostScript previewers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PostScript-units">PostScript units</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation">PowerPage PostScript implementation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pre-code-before-headers"><code>pre <span class="r">code before headers</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-previewing-Dvips-output">previewing Dvips output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PRINTER"><code>PRINTER</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-configuration">printer configuration</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype">printer configuration file, prototype</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-errors">printer errors</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-memory">printer memory</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-memory-exhausted">printer memory exhausted</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer-offset">printer offset</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PRINTER_002c-and-config-file-searching"><code>PRINTER<span class="r">, and config file searching</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PRINTER_002c-avoided-with-_002df"><code>PRINTER<span class="r">, avoided with &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-f</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-printer_002c-driving-directly">printer, driving directly</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-problems">problems</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-property-list-files">property list files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-prototype-printer-configuration-file">prototype printer configuration file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ps-special"><code>ps <span class="r">special</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psfile-special"><code>psfile <span class="r">special</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap"><code>psfonts.map</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-1"><code>psfonts.map</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-2"><code>psfonts.map</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psheaderdir"><code>psheaderdir</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-psi-character-missing">psi character missing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pstopk"><code>pstopk</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pTeX-extensions">pTeX extensions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pTeX-extensions-1">pTeX extensions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ptex-JFM"><code>ptex <span class="r">JFM</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"><code>q <span class="r">config command (quiet)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"><code>Q <span class="r">config command (quiet)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quiet-operation">quiet operation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-R-config-command-_0028fallback-resolution_0029"><code>R <span class="r">config command (fallback resolution)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029"><code>r <span class="r">config command (page reversal)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-raw-tfm-files">raw tfm files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reencoding">reencoding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts">reencoding PostScript fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-registered-character_002c-accessing"><code>registered <span class="r">character, accessing</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-remapping">remapping</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers">resident fonts, different in different printers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-1">resident fonts, different in different printers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolution">resolution</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolution-1">resolution</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting">resolution, setting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reverse-pagination">reverse pagination</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>rhi <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas">Rokicki, Tomas</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rotate_002etex"><code>rotate.tex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rwi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>rwi <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-s-config-command-_0028global-save_002frestore_0029"><code>s <span class="r">config command (global save/restore)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029"><code>S <span class="r">config command (pict path)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output">save/restore, and inverted output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-literal-PS"><code>save<span class="r">/</span>restore<span class="r">, and literal PS</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials">save/restore, and specials</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global">save/restore, generating global</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaleunit"><code>scaleunit</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures">scaling of figures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps">scaling small caps</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring">Scandinavian A ring</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting">screen frequencies, setting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SDict"><code>SDict</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SDict-dictionary"><code>SDict <span class="r">dictionary</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of">searching config files, order of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory">sections of output file, and memory</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files">sections output, in separate files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-security">security</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling">shell command execution, disabling</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file">shell escape, in config file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer">Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-show-PostScript-operator"><code>show <span class="r">PostScript operator</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-silent-operation">silent operation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers">simplex mode on duplex printers</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slanted-fonts">slanted fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making">slanted fonts, making</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SlantFont"><code>SlantFont</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts">small caps fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur">Smith, Arthur</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing">spaces, dropped trailing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext">specials, hypertext</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-splines">splines</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spooler_002c-lacking">spooler, lacking</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS">spooling to lpr on MS-DOS</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-I_002fO">standard I/O</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from">standard input, reading options from</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to">standard output, output to</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview">standard PostScript, required by Ghostview</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-start_002dhook"><code>start-hook</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-structured-comments">structured comments</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system-in-config-file"><code>system <span class="r">in config file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029"><code>T <span class="r">config command (TFM path)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-testpage_002etex"><code>testpage.tex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-encoding_002c-changing">TeX encoding, changing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-including-headers-in">TeX, including headers in</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>TEXFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> P</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-T"><code>TEXFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> T</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_002c-overrides-S"><code>TEXINPUTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> S</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc"><code>texmext.enc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc"><code>texmital.enc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-1"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_002c-overrides-S"><code>TEXPICTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> S</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPKS_002c-overrides-P"><code>TEXPKS<span class="r">, overrides</span> P</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_002c-overrides-R"><code>TEXSIZES<span class="r">, overrides</span> R</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off">text in figures, chopped off</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tfm-files">tfm files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_002c-overrides-T"><code>TFMFONTS<span class="r">, overrides</span> T</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tftopl"><code>tftopl</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Theisen_002c-Tim">Theisen, Tim</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding">tight bounding box, finding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-title_002c-specifying">title, specifying</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-too_002dsmall-output">too-small output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trademark-character_002c-accessing"><code>trademark <span class="r">character, accessing</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped">trailing spaces, dropped</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TranScript">TranScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts">transforming downloaded fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trouble">trouble</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts">Type 1 fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript">typesetting in PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-U">U</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029"><code>U <span class="r">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uncollated-copies">uncollated copies</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript">uncompressing PostScript</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator">uniform resource locator</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"><code>unknown<span class="r">, paper format for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt-1"><code>unknown<span class="r">, paper format for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-t</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uptex-JFM"><code>uptex <span class="r">JFM</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition">URL, definition</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-TeX">URL, extended for TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-urx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>urx <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ury-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>ury <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-usage_002c-basic">usage, basic</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors">user-definable colors</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-userdict_002c-and-dictionary-files"><code>userdict<span class="r">, and dictionary files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-userdict_002c-used-for-header-files">userdict<span class="r">, used for header files</span></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-V">V</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029"><code>V <span class="r">config command (vf path)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing">verbose EPSF processing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vf-files">vf files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion">virtual font expansion</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-virtual-font-path">virtual font path</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-virtual-fonts">virtual fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating">virtual fonts, creating</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VM-exhausted">VM exhausted</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VMusage"><code>VMusage</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>voffset <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vpl-files">vpl files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vptovf"><code>vptovf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>vscale <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>vsize <span class="r">(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-W-config-command-_0028emit-warning_0029"><code>W <span class="r">config command (emit warning)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining">warning messages, defining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading">whole font downloading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-wide-fonts">wide fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-X">X</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029"><code>X <span class="r">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Xerox-4045">Xerox 4045</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Y">Y</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029"><code>Y <span class="r">config command (vertical resolution)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Z">Z</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Z-config-command-_0028compress-fonts_0029"><code>Z <span class="r">config command (compress fonts)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029"><code>z <span class="r">config command (secure mode)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-zero-dimensions-and-setting-paper-size">zero dimensions and setting paper size</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
</table>
-<table class="cp-letters-footer-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>!</b></a>
+<table class="cp-letters-footer-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>-</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>&quot;</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>!</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>%</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>.</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>(</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>&quot;</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>+</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>(</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>-</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>@</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>.</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>/</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>/</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>\</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>6</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>%</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>8</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>+</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>&lt;</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>=</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>@</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>|</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>\</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>6</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>|</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>8</b></a>
&nbsp;
<br>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
diff --git a/systems/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf b/systems/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf
index 32789cfdd2..6ec5764c73 100644
--- a/systems/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf
+++ b/systems/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/etex/ChangeLog b/systems/doc/etex/ChangeLog
index 3ce0229b37..3a0e2816d2 100644
--- a/systems/doc/etex/ChangeLog
+++ b/systems/doc/etex/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+2023-11-24 TANAKA Takuji <ttk@t-lab.opal.ne.jp>
+
+ * etriptest.test, etrip/etrip.{fot,log,typ}, etrip/etripin.log:
+ Check diffs of trip.{fot,typ} with ignoring trivial changes
+ in trip tests.
+
+2023-09-17 TANAKA Takuji <ttk@t-lab.opal.ne.jp>
+
+ * {etriptest,wprob}.test:
+ Make easier to test on Windows.
+
+2023-03-09 Karl Berry <karl@tug.org>
+
+ * TL'23 release.
+
2022-03-21 Karl Berry <karl@tug.org>
* TL'22 release.
diff --git a/systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.hnt b/systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.hnt
index 44414a303c..219d48aeb3 100644
--- a/systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.hnt
+++ b/systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.hnt
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.pdf b/systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.pdf
index 2c952afbc4..deeeeed714 100644
--- a/systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.pdf
+++ b/systems/doc/hitex/hiformat.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.hnt b/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.hnt
index 75a7123362..e4153061d4 100644
--- a/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.hnt
+++ b/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.hnt
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.pdf b/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.pdf
index c6b3608548..2b59aca5ef 100644
--- a/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.pdf
+++ b/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.tex b/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.tex
index 23694eb199..d54e89a637 100644
--- a/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.tex
+++ b/systems/doc/hitex/hitexman.tex
@@ -33,13 +33,6 @@
\titletrue
-
-\def\setrevision$#1: #2 ${\gdef\lastrevision{#2}}
-\setrevision$Revision: 62515 $
-\def\setdate$#1(#2) ${\gdef\lastdate{#2}}
-\setdate$Date: 2022-03-08 14:02:10 +0100 (Tue, 08 Mar 2022) $
-
-
\null
\font\largetitlefont=cmssbx10 scaled\magstep4
@@ -103,7 +96,8 @@ Germany.
\medskip
{\tt ruckert\:@cs.hm.edu}
\medskip
-Revision: \lastrevision,\quad Date: \lastdate\par
+\def\lastrevision{Date: Mon Dec 4 15:00:09 2023}
+\lastrevision\par
}
\eject
\endgroup
@@ -123,7 +117,40 @@ Revision: \lastrevision,\quad Date: \lastdate\par
\def\opt#1{\rs$[{}$#1${}]$\rs}
\def\ctl#1{{\tt\BS #1}}
-\section{Hi\TeX\ primitives}
+\section{Introduction}
+When I started the \HINT\ project in 2017,
+I tried to keep the project as small as possible to increase the
+chances that I would be able to complete it. So one design decision
+was to keep things simple---or to quote Albert Einstein: ``Make things
+as simple as possible, but not simpler''. The other imperative was:
+keep things out of the viewer if possible because I do not know
+how much processing power or battery power is available.
+
+As a consequence, I focused on Donald Knuth' original \TeX,
+disregarding all later extensions like \eTeX\ or \LaTeX, and I
+decided that the \TeX\ interpreter would not need to run in the
+viewer.
+Of course \TeX's line breaking routine will run in the viewer
+and modifications of \TeX's page breaking routine.
+But the decision to keep the TeX interpreter
+out of the HINT viewer implies that \HINT\ files do
+not contain token lists and that there are
+neither output routines nor marks.
+To replace them, the \HINT\ file format includes
+page templates. I have described the technical
+means to specify page templates below and try to explain
+the rationale behind it, but \HINT's page templates
+are at the time of this writing a largely untested area.
+
+By now, the state of the \HINT\ project is far beyond of what
+I had expected then, and the processing power of even low-cost
+mobile devices is far better than expected especially when programming the
+graphics card directly using OpenEGL.
+
+The following sections will describe all the primitive control sequences
+that are special for Hi\TeX. I tried to be as close to similar primitives
+that have proven to be useful in other engines, notably pdftex, to make
+it easy for package writers to support the Hi\TeX\ engine.
While currently Hi\TeX\ is the only \TeX\ engine that supports output in the \HINT\ file
format, this might not be so forever. To avoid unnecessary complications for
@@ -132,7 +159,28 @@ the same primitives according to the same specification. The following is the fi
draft of this specification. All the primitives use {\tt HINT} as a prefix to
avoid name conflicts. The prefix {\tt HINT}, as opposed to e.g. {\tt HiTeX},
was chosen to stress the idea that these primitives are specific for the
-output format---not for the \TeX\ engine.
+output format---not for the \TeX\ engine.
+
+It is common practice in other \TeX\ engines to support the \ctl{special}
+primitive to insert raw code snippets in the output. Using this primitive,
+it is possible to insert PostScript code into a PS file, or PDF code in a
+PDF output file. It is currently not planed to support this mechanism for
+\HINT\ output files for two reasons:
+First, the development of Hi\TeX\ is closely related to the development of
+the \HINT\ file format and therefore features that are part of the \HINT\
+file format will enjoy support in Hi\TeX\ by corresponding primitives.
+Everything that is not available through primitives in Hi\TeX\ should
+be considered ``internal'' and might change in the future.
+Second, Hi\TeX\ is not considered a replacement but
+a supplement to other engines. If your aim is the production of a printed
+book, your will probably target one of the engines that produce PDF output.
+But if, on occassion, you want to read what you wrote on a computer screen,
+you might just use Hi\TeX\ to process your source file. At this point you
+do not want to write \ctl{special} commands for the new target; you want
+Hi\TeX\ as a plug-in replacement for your main target engine, even if it
+is not completely faithful to your final printed book.
+
+\section{Hi\TeX\ primitives}
Because this is the first specification that will reach a wider user base,
it is reasonable to expect changes to occur in the future. Therefore it is
@@ -181,8 +229,8 @@ are enclosed in \opt{square brackets}.
\subsection{Version and Revision}
The control sequences \ctl{HINTversion}\index{HINTversion+\ctl{HINTversion}}
-and \ctl{HINTsubversion}\index{HINTsubversion+\ctl{HINTsubversion}} are
-used to determine the version and subversion numbers of the HINT output format
+and \ctl{HINTminorversion}\index{HINTminorversion+\ctl{HINTminorversion}} are
+used to determine the major and minor version numbers of the \HINT\ output format
that is generated by Hi\TeX. It can be used as part of the output as
in \verbatim|\the\HINTversion|.
The most important use, however, is testing whether the current \TeX\ engine
@@ -193,7 +241,8 @@ contains the following code:
\verbatim/
\newif\ifhint
-\expandafter\ifx\csname HINTversion\endcsname\relax
+\expandafter
+ \ifx\csname HINTversion\endcsname\relax
\hintfalse\else\hinttrue\fi/
@@ -234,6 +283,8 @@ must specify the absolute width and height of the image.
It is considered an error if valid settings for the image's width and height
can not be obtained.
+
+
\subsection{Links, Labels, and Outlines}
A link\index{link} in a \HINT\ document refers to another location in the same document.
It can be used to navigate to that location.
@@ -446,45 +497,13 @@ If you are interested in the design decision that motivate the definitions that
be given in this section, you should read section~\secref{build}.
\section{Other Primitives}
-When I started the \HINT\ project in 2017,
-I tried to keep the project as small as possible to increase the
-chances that I would be able to complete it. So one design decision
-was to keep things simple---or to quote Albert Einstein: ``Make things
-as simple as possible, but not simpler''. The other imperative was:
-keep things out of the viewer if possible because I do not know
-how much processing power or battery power is available.
-As a consequence, I focused on Donald Knuth' original \TeX,
-disregarding all later extensions like \eTeX\ or \LaTeX, and I
-decided that the \TeX\ interpreter would not need to run in the
-viewer.
-
-By now, the state of the \HINT\ project is far beyond of what
-I had expected then, and the processing power of even low-cost
-mobile devices is far better than expected especially when programming the
-graphics card directly using OpenEGL.
-
-But the line breaking routine, which is running in the viewer, and the
-HINT file format, which specifies all the parameters for the
-line breaking algorithm, covers just the line breaking of
-Donald Knuth's original \TeX. Therefore the viewer will
-also do just that, and Hi\TeX\ can not produce files
-doing more than that. Of course that might not be so
-for ever.
-Similarly, the decision to keep the TeX interpreter
-out of the HINT viewer implies that \HINT\ files do
-not contain token lists. This means that there are
-no output routines and no marks.
-To replace them, the \HINT\ file format includes
-page templates. I have described the technical
-means to specify page templates above and try to explain
-the rationale behind it below, but \HINT's page templates
-are at the time of this writing a largely untested area.
Since I consider the support for \LaTeX\ to be crucial for
the success of the \HINT\ project, quite a few primitives
have been added to Hi\TeX\ that go beyond \TeX's original
specification.
+\subsection{\eTeX}
First, the primitives of \eTeX\ have been
added with the exception of those primitives that deal with
line breaking, with right to left reading, and with marks.
@@ -501,6 +520,7 @@ Here is a list of \eTeX\ primitives that are missing in Hi\TeX:
\item\ctl{topmarks} (multiple marks)
\enditemize
+\subsection{\LaTeX\ and \Prote}
Second, the primitives required to support
\LaTeX\ were added using Thierry Larondes implementation of \Prote.
@@ -521,6 +541,17 @@ Second, the primitives required to support
\enditemize
+\subsection{{\tt kpathsearch} and \ctl{input}}
+In Don Knuths implementation of \TeX, the \ctl{input} primitive
+will add the extension {\tt .tex} to any filename that does not have an
+extension. This implies that a file without extension can not be opened
+as an input file. The usual engines do not add such an extension but
+pass the filename as given to \verbatim/kpse_find_file/ function.
+Hi\TeX\ does the same. The {\tt kpathsearch} library will find files
+in a variety of directories and yes, it will also find files without
+extension. Using this library is just mandatory for any engine that
+wants to process \LaTeX\ input.
+
\section{Replacing \TeX's Page Builder}\label{build}
@@ -561,7 +592,8 @@ let me summarize \TeX's page builder.
\TeX's page builder ignores leading glue\index{glue}, kern\index{kern},
and penalty\index{penalty} nodes until the first
box\index{box node} or rule\index{rule node} node is encountered;
-whatsit\index{whatsit node} nodes do not really contribute anything to
+whatsit\index{whatsit node} nodes do not really contribute
+anything\footnote*{This changes when images are implemented as whatsit nodes.} to
a page; mark\index{mark node} nodes are recorded for later use. Once
the first box, rule, or insert\index{insert node} arrives, \TeX\ makes
copies of all parameters that influence the page building process and
@@ -583,7 +615,8 @@ for the maximum size per page $d$, and {\tt skip\hair$i$} for the
extra space needed on a page if there are any insertions of class $i$.
For example plain \TeX\ allocates $n=254$ for footnotes\index{footnote} and sets
-{\tt count254} to~$1000$, {\tt dimen254} to 8in, and {\tt skip254} to {\tt \BS big\-skip\-amount}.
+{\tt count254} to~$1000$, {\tt dimen254} to 8in, and {\tt skip254} to
+{\tt \BS big\-skip\-amount}.
An insertion node will specify the insertion class $i$, some vertical material,
its natural height plus depth $x$, a {\tt split\-\_top\-\_skip}, a {\tt split\-\_max\_depth},
diff --git a/systems/doc/kpathsea/NEWS b/systems/doc/kpathsea/NEWS
index 1df4a908c4..835d2de785 100644
--- a/systems/doc/kpathsea/NEWS
+++ b/systems/doc/kpathsea/NEWS
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
-$Id: NEWS 65770 2023-02-09 21:26:50Z karl $
+$Id: NEWS 69711 2024-02-05 17:23:27Z karl $
This file records noteworthy changes. (Public domain.)
-6.3.5 (for TeX Live 2023)
+6.4.0 (for TeX Live 2024)
+* Support an extended check for safe filenames which also allows
+ TEXMF[SYS]VAR, for Lua(La)TeX; new functions and corresponding
+ kpsewhich options.
+* Support a new variable TEXMF_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY (alongside the
+ traditional TEXMFOUTPUT), so that subprograms can have access to an
+ --output-directory setting in an engine invocation.
+
+6.3.5 (for TeX Live 2023, 9 March 2023)
* Support guessing input file encodings for Unix-ish platforms, as on
Windows; enabled for (e)p(la)tex, pbibtex, mendex.
-6.3.4 (for TeX Live 2022)
+6.3.4 (for TeX Live 2022, 21 March 2022)
* First return path from kpsewhich -all is now the same as non-all.
(Internally, str_list_uniqify retains ordering.)
diff --git a/systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html b/systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html
index 28781fe2d0..5413912732 100644
--- a/systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html
+++ b/systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
-<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 7.0.2, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
+<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 7.1, https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<!-- This file documents the Kpathsea library for path searching.
-Copyright © 1996-2023 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
+Copyright © 1996-2024 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
span.r {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal}
span:hover a.copiable-link {visibility: visible}
td.printindex-index-entry {vertical-align: top}
-td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top}
+td.printindex-index-section {vertical-align: top; padding-left: 1em}
th.entries-header-printindex {text-align:left}
-th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left}
+th.sections-header-printindex {text-align:left; padding-left: 1em}
ul.mark-bullet {list-style-type: disc}
ul.toc-numbered-mark {list-style: none}
-->
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ ul.toc-numbered-mark {list-style: none}
<p>
Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h1 class="top" id="Kpathsea-library">Kpathsea library</h1>
+<h1 class="top" id="Kpathsea-library"><span>Kpathsea library<a class="copiable-link" href="#Kpathsea-library"> &para;</a></span></h1>
<p>This manual documents the Kpathsea library for path searching. It
-corresponds to version 6.3.5, released in
-February 2023.
+corresponds to version 6.4.0, released in
+January 2024.
</p>
@@ -90,7 +90,10 @@ February 2023.
<li><a id="toc-History-1" href="#History">1.1 History</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-unixtex_002eftp_003a-Obtaining-TeX" href="#unixtex_002eftp">2 <samp class="file">unixtex.ftp</samp>: Obtaining TeX</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Security-1" href="#Security">3 Security</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Security-1" href="#Security">3 Security</a>
+ <ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
+ <li><a id="toc-Global-font-cache-and-security-1" href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">3.1 Global font cache and security</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-TeX-directory-structure-1" href="#TeX-directory-structure">4 TeX directory structure</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Path-searching-1" href="#Path-searching">5 Path searching</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
@@ -149,8 +152,9 @@ February 2023.
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-Programming-overview-1" href="#Programming-overview">7.1 Programming overview</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Calling-sequence-1" href="#Calling-sequence">7.2 Calling sequence</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Program_002dspecific-files-1" href="#Program_002dspecific-files">7.3 Program-specific files</a></li>
- <li><a id="toc-Programming-with-config-files-1" href="#Programming-with-config-files">7.4 Programming with config files</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Safe-filenames-1" href="#Safe-filenames">7.3 Safe filenames</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Program_002dspecific-files-1" href="#Program_002dspecific-files">7.4 Program-specific files</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Programming-with-config-files-1" href="#Programming-with-config-files">7.5 Programming with config files</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-Reporting-bugs-1" href="#Reporting-bugs">8 Reporting bugs</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
@@ -176,13 +180,13 @@ February 2023.
<p>
Next: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp" accesskey="n" rel="next"><samp class="file">unixtex.ftp</samp>: Obtaining TeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Kpathsea library</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Kpathsea library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Introduction-1">1 Introduction</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Introduction-1"><span>1 Introduction<a class="copiable-link" href="#Introduction-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-introduction"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fundamental-purpose-of-Kpathsea"></a>
-<p>This manual corresponds to version 6.3.5 of the Kpathsea
-library, released in February 2023.
+<p>This manual corresponds to version 6.4.0 of the Kpathsea
+library, released in January 2024.
</p>
<p>The library&rsquo;s fundamental purpose is to return a filename from a list of
directories specified by the user, similar to what shells do when
@@ -245,7 +249,7 @@ throughout the world. See <a class="url" href="https://tug.org">https://tug.org
<p>
Up: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="u" rel="up">Introduction</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="History-1">1.1 History</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="History-1"><span>1.1 History<a class="copiable-link" href="#History-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-history-of-Kpathsea"></a>
@@ -357,7 +361,7 @@ where Kpathsea is now maintained.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Security" accesskey="n" rel="next">Security</a>, Previous: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Kpathsea library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="unixtex_002eftp_003a-Obtaining-TeX">2 <samp class="file">unixtex.ftp</samp>: Obtaining TeX</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="unixtex_002eftp_003a-Obtaining-TeX"><span>2 <samp class="file">unixtex.ftp</samp>: Obtaining TeX<a class="copiable-link" href="#unixtex_002eftp_003a-Obtaining-TeX"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-obtaining-TeX"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-retrieving-TeX"></a>
@@ -407,7 +411,7 @@ Comprehensive TeX Archive Network), <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org">https
<p>
Next: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX directory structure</a>, Previous: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><samp class="file">unixtex.ftp</samp>: Obtaining TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Kpathsea library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Security-1">3 Security</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Security-1"><span>3 Security<a class="copiable-link" href="#Security-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-security-considerations"></a>
@@ -415,29 +419,77 @@ Next: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX directory
privileges, so there&rsquo;s no first-level security concern of people gaining
illegitimate root access.
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-trojan-horse-attack"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002erhosts_002c-writable-by-TeX"></a>
-<p>A TeX document, however, can write to arbitrary files, e.g.,
-<samp class="file">~/.rhosts</samp>, and thus an unwitting user who runs TeX on a random
-document is vulnerable to a trojan horse attack. This loophole is
-closed by default, but you can be permissive if you so desire in
-<samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp>. See <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>. MetaPost has
-the same issue.
-</p>
-<p>Dvips, Xdvi, and TeX can also execute shell commands under some
-circumstances. To disable this, see the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R</samp>&rsquo; option in <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Option-details">Option
+<p>Thus, the general goal of our security measures is to make an
+untrusted TeX document safe to execute, in the sense of no document
+being able to change the system or user configuration, or somehow
+transmit information to an attacker. Here are some of the steps that
+have been taken to make the TeX system safe in this regard:
+</p>
+<ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
+<li><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-trojan-horse-attack"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eprofile_002c-_0028un_0029writable-by-TeX"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005copenout"></a>
+A TeX document can write to arbitrary files via <code class="code">\openout</code>,
+e.g., <samp class="file">~/.profile</samp>, and thus an unwitting user who runs TeX on
+an untrusted document is vulnerable to a trojan horse attack. This
+loophole is closed by default, but you can be permissive if you so
+desire in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp>. See <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>.
+MetaPost has the same issue.
+
+</li><li><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-shell-commands_002c-security"></a>
+Dvips, Xdvi, TeX, and others can execute shell commands. By
+default, only a handful of commands that are believed to be safe (to
+the best of our ability to check) are allowed. For the list, see the
+<code class="code">shell_escape_commands</code> variable in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp>
+(see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>). For more information, e.g.,
+to disable this completely, see the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-R</samp>&rsquo; option in <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Option-details">Option
details</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>, the xdvi man page, and <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex
invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>, respectively.
-</p>
+
+</li><li><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-LuaTeX-and-security"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpse-mode-of-LuaTeX"></a>
+LuaTeX is a special case. Since Lua is a general-purpose
+programming language, it has all the usual functionality for writing
+files, executing shell commands, and plenty more. When LuaTeX is
+used in its so-called &ldquo;kpse&rdquo; mode, as with LuaLaTeX, we have
+nevertheless done our best to also make it safe to execute by default,
+by disabling or restricting the various problematic Lua features.
+See <a class="xref" href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a>, for a bit more about this. (By the way, when
+LuaTeX is run in non-kpse mode, as with ConTeXt MkIV, everything
+is allowed; thus, untrusted documents should not be processed without
+checking.)
+
+</li><li><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-crashes-of-TeX-and-security"></a>
+There are some well-known ways to crash TeX, using (deliberately
+unchecked) arithmetic overflow and other nefarious constructs (some
+are listed at <a class="url" href="https://tug.org/texmfbug/nobug.html">https://tug.org/texmfbug/nobug.html</a>. While
+disturbing, TeX has no special system access and so these crashes
+don&rsquo;t present a security risk.
+
+</li><li>One more issue is the desire for a globally writable font cache
+directory; see the section below for this (<a class="ref" href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a>).
+</li></ul>
+
+
+<ul class="mini-toc">
+<li><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security" accesskey="1">Global font cache and security</a></li>
+</ul>
+<hr>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Global-font-cache-and-security">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Up: <a href="#Security" accesskey="u" rel="up">Security</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="Global-font-cache-and-security-1"><span>3.1 Global font cache and security<a class="copiable-link" href="#Global-font-cache-and-security-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-local-cache-of-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cache-of-fonts_002c-local"></a>
-<p>Another security issue arises because it&rsquo;s very useful&mdash;almost
-necessary&mdash;to make arbitrary fonts on user demand with <code class="code">mktexpk</code>
+<p>It&rsquo;s useful to make arbitrary fonts on user demand with <code class="code">mktexpk</code>
and friends. Where do these files get installed? By default, the
<code class="code">mktexpk</code> distributed with Kpathsea assumes a world-writable
-<samp class="file">/var/tmp</samp> directory; this is a simple and convenient approach, but
-it may not suit your situation because it means that a local cache of
-fonts is created on every machine.
+<samp class="file">/var/tmp</samp> directory; this is a simple and convenient approach,
+but it does not suit all situations, because it means that a local
+cache of fonts is created on every user&rsquo;s system.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-globally-writable-directories"></a>
<p>To avoid this duplication, many people consider a shared, globally
@@ -473,15 +525,20 @@ same permissions as their parent directory, unless the
<code class="code">appendonlydir</code> feature is used, in which case the sticky bit is
always set.
</p>
+<p>Nowadays, with bitmap files rarely used, and with individual systems
+being so much more powerful, this is less of an issue than it was in
+the past. But the question still comes up occasionally.
+</p>
<hr>
</div>
+</div>
<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="TeX-directory-structure">
<div class="nav-panel">
<p>
Next: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="n" rel="next">Path searching</a>, Previous: <a href="#Security" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Security</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Kpathsea library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="TeX-directory-structure-1">4 TeX directory structure</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="TeX-directory-structure-1"><span>4 TeX directory structure<a class="copiable-link" href="#TeX-directory-structure-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMF"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TeX-directory-structure"></a>
@@ -579,7 +636,7 @@ extracted from the TDS document:
<p>
Next: <a href="#TeX-support" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX support</a>, Previous: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TeX directory structure</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Kpathsea library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Path-searching-1">5 Path searching</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Path-searching-1"><span>5 Path searching<a class="copiable-link" href="#Path-searching-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-path-searching"></a>
@@ -609,7 +666,7 @@ other languages (Chinese, Spanish, Russian, Japanese, French, German,
<p>
Next: <a href="#Path-sources" accesskey="n" rel="next">Path sources</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Searching-overview-1">5.1 Searching overview</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Searching-overview-1"><span>5.1 Searching overview<a class="copiable-link" href="#Searching-overview-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-searching-overview"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-path-searching_002c-overview"></a>
@@ -717,7 +774,7 @@ algorithm when searching for a file of a particular type (see <a class="pxref" h
<p>
Next: <a href="#Path-expansion" accesskey="n" rel="next">Path expansion</a>, Previous: <a href="#Searching-overview" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Searching overview</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Path-sources-1">5.2 Path sources</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Path-sources-1"><span>5.2 Path sources<a class="copiable-link" href="#Path-sources-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-path-sources"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sources-for-search-paths"></a>
@@ -765,7 +822,7 @@ debugging options (see <a class="pxref" href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>).
<p>
Up: <a href="#Path-sources" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path sources</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Config-files-1">5.2.1 Config files</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Config-files-1"><span>5.2.1 Config files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Config-files-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-config-files"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-texmf_002ecnf_002c-definition-for"></a>
@@ -909,7 +966,7 @@ avoid them all.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Casefolding-search" accesskey="n" rel="next">Casefolding search</a>, Previous: <a href="#Path-sources" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Path sources</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Path-expansion-1">5.3 Path expansion</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Path-expansion-1"><span>5.3 Path expansion<a class="copiable-link" href="#Path-expansion-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-path-expansion"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-expansion_002c-search-path"></a>
@@ -938,7 +995,7 @@ contain a directory or file <samp class="file">baz</samp>.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Variable-expansion" accesskey="n" rel="next">Variable expansion</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Default-expansion-1">5.3.1 Default expansion</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Default-expansion-1"><span>5.3.1 Default expansion<a class="copiable-link" href="#Default-expansion-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_003a_003a-expansion"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-doubled-colons"></a>
@@ -1013,7 +1070,7 @@ Default expansion is implemented in the source file
<p>
Next: <a href="#Tilde-expansion" accesskey="n" rel="next">Tilde expansion</a>, Previous: <a href="#Default-expansion" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Default expansion</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Variable-expansion-1">5.3.2 Variable expansion</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Variable-expansion-1"><span>5.3.2 Variable expansion<a class="copiable-link" href="#Variable-expansion-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_0024-expansion"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-environment-variables-in-paths"></a>
@@ -1066,7 +1123,7 @@ paths are initialized (see <a class="pxref" href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a
<p>
Next: <a href="#Brace-expansion" accesskey="n" rel="next">Brace expansion</a>, Previous: <a href="#Variable-expansion" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Variable expansion</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Tilde-expansion-1">5.3.3 Tilde expansion</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Tilde-expansion-1"><span>5.3.3 Tilde expansion<a class="copiable-link" href="#Tilde-expansion-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_007e-expansion"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-home-directories-in-paths"></a>
@@ -1111,7 +1168,7 @@ is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo;, the path element &lsquo;<samp clas
<p>
Next: <a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">KPSE_DOT</code> expansion</a>, Previous: <a href="#Tilde-expansion" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Tilde expansion</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Brace-expansion-1">5.3.4 Brace expansion</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Brace-expansion-1"><span>5.3.4 Brace expansion<a class="copiable-link" href="#Brace-expansion-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_007b-expansion"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-brace-expansion"></a>
@@ -1154,7 +1211,7 @@ example could have been written &lsquo;<samp class="samp">x{A:B}{1:2}y</samp>&rs
<p>
Next: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion" accesskey="n" rel="next">Subdirectory expansion</a>, Previous: <a href="#Brace-expansion" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Brace expansion</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="KPSE_005fDOT-expansion-1">5.3.5 <code class="code">KPSE_DOT</code> expansion</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="KPSE_005fDOT-expansion-1"><span>5.3.5 <code class="code">KPSE_DOT</code> expansion<a class="copiable-link" href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-KPSE_005fDOT-expansion"></a>
@@ -1172,7 +1229,7 @@ change the working directory. You should not ever define it yourself.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><code class="code">KPSE_DOT</code> expansion</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Subdirectory-expansion-1">5.3.6 Subdirectory expansion</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Subdirectory-expansion-1"><span>5.3.6 Subdirectory expansion<a class="copiable-link" href="#Subdirectory-expansion-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002f_002f"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-subdirectory-searching"></a>
@@ -1243,7 +1300,7 @@ know.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Filename-database" accesskey="n" rel="next">Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)</a>, Previous: <a href="#Path-expansion" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Path expansion</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Casefolding-search-1">5.4 Casefolding search</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Casefolding-search-1"><span>5.4 Casefolding search<a class="copiable-link" href="#Casefolding-search-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-casefolding-search"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-search_002c-case_002dinsensitive"></a>
@@ -1271,7 +1328,7 @@ done by default in TeX Live.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Casefolding-examples" accesskey="n" rel="next">Casefolding examples</a>, Up: <a href="#Casefolding-search" accesskey="u" rel="up">Casefolding search</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Casefolding-rationale-1">5.4.1 Casefolding rationale</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Casefolding-rationale-1"><span>5.4.1 Casefolding rationale<a class="copiable-link" href="#Casefolding-rationale-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-casefolding-fallback-rationale"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-rationale-for-casefolding-fallback"></a>
@@ -1312,7 +1369,7 @@ always been true.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Casefolding-rationale" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Casefolding rationale</a>, Up: <a href="#Casefolding-search" accesskey="u" rel="up">Casefolding search</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Casefolding-examples-1">5.4.2 Casefolding examples</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Casefolding-examples-1"><span>5.4.2 Casefolding examples<a class="copiable-link" href="#Casefolding-examples-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-casefolding-examples"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-examples_002c-of-casefolding-searches"></a>
@@ -1432,7 +1489,7 @@ happens with the elements of the leaf directory.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich" accesskey="n" rel="next"><code class="code">kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</a>, Previous: <a href="#Casefolding-search" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Casefolding search</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Filename-database-_0028ls_002dR_0029">5.5 Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Filename-database-_0028ls_002dR_0029"><span>5.5 Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)<a class="copiable-link" href="#Filename-database-_0028ls_002dR_0029"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-filename-database"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-database_002c-for-filenames"></a>
@@ -1466,7 +1523,7 @@ source file <samp class="file">kpathsea/db.c</samp>.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Filename-aliases" accesskey="n" rel="next">Filename aliases</a>, Up: <a href="#Filename-database" accesskey="u" rel="up">Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="ls_002dR-1">5.5.1 <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="ls_002dR-1"><span>5.5.1 <samp class="file">ls-R</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#ls_002dR-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ls_002dR-database-file"></a>
@@ -1574,7 +1631,7 @@ found.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Database-format" accesskey="n" rel="next">Database format</a>, Previous: <a href="#ls_002dR" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><samp class="file">ls-R</samp></a>, Up: <a href="#Filename-database" accesskey="u" rel="up">Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Filename-aliases-1">5.5.2 Filename aliases</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Filename-aliases-1"><span>5.5.2 Filename aliases<a class="copiable-link" href="#Filename-aliases-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-filename-aliases"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-aliases_002c-for-filenames"></a>
@@ -1611,7 +1668,7 @@ aliases.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Filename-aliases" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Filename aliases</a>, Up: <a href="#Filename-database" accesskey="u" rel="up">Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Database-format-1">5.5.3 Database format</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Database-format-1"><span>5.5.3 Database format<a class="copiable-link" href="#Database-format-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-format-of-external-database"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-database_002c-format-of"></a>
@@ -1654,7 +1711,7 @@ doc
./bibtex/bib:
asi.bib
btxdoc.bib
-&hellip;
+...
</pre></div>
@@ -1666,7 +1723,7 @@ btxdoc.bib
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Filename-database" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)</a>, Up: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="u" rel="up">Path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="kpsewhich_003a-Standalone-path-searching">5.6 <code class="code">kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="kpsewhich_003a-Standalone-path-searching"><span>5.6 <code class="code">kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching<a class="copiable-link" href="#kpsewhich_003a-Standalone-path-searching"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpsewhich"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-path-searching_002c-standalone"></a>
@@ -1681,7 +1738,7 @@ distributed &lsquo;<samp class="samp">mktex&hellip;</samp>&rsquo; scripts.
<p>Synopsis:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">kpsewhich <var class="var">option</var>&hellip; <var class="var">filename</var>&hellip;
+<pre class="example-preformatted">kpsewhich <var class="var">option</var>... <var class="var">filename</var>...
</pre></div>
<p>The options and filename(s) to look up can be intermixed.
@@ -1702,7 +1759,7 @@ abbreviation is accepted.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Specially-recognized files for <code class="command">kpsewhich</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Path-searching-options-1">5.6.1 Path searching options</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Path-searching-options-1"><span>5.6.1 Path searching options<a class="copiable-link" href="#Path-searching-options-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-path-searching-options"></a>
@@ -1712,18 +1769,18 @@ filename, and returns the first file found.
<p>Various options alter the path searching behavior:
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dall'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--all</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dall'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-all-matches_002c-finding"></a>
-<p>Report all matches found, one per line. By default, if there is more
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-all-matches_002c-finding"></a>
+<a id="index-_002d_002dall"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--all</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dall"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Report all matches found, one per line. By default, if there is more
than one match, just one will be reported (chosen effectively at
random). Exception: with the glyph formats (<code class="code">pk</code>, <code class="code">gf</code>),
this option has no effect and only the first match is returned.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dcasefold_002dsearch'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--casefold-search</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dcasefold_002dsearch'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dno_002dcasefold_002dsearch"></a>
+<a id="index-_002d_002dcasefold_002dsearch"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--casefold-search</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dcasefold_002dsearch"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--no-casefold-search</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dno_002dcasefold_002dsearch"></a>
-<p>Explicitly enable or disable the fallback to a case-insensitive search
+<dd><p>Explicitly enable or disable the fallback to a case-insensitive search
on Unix platforms (see <a class="pxref" href="#Casefolding-search">Casefolding search</a>); no effect on Windows.
The default is enabled, set in <code class="code">texmf.cnf</code>. Disabling
(<code class="code">--no-casefold-search</code>) does not mean that searches magically
@@ -1732,7 +1789,7 @@ case-insensitive, it merely means that Kpathsea does not do any
casefolding itself.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dcnf_002dline'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--cnf-line=<var class="var">str</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dcnf_002dline'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dcnf_002dline"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--cnf-line=<var class="var">str</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dcnf_002dline"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Parse <var class="var">str</var> as if it were a line in the <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp>
configuration file (see <a class="pxref" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>), overriding settings in the
actual configuration files, and also in the environment (see <a class="pxref" href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a>). This is implemented by making any settings from <var class="var">str</var>
@@ -1753,19 +1810,20 @@ behavior is for values set on the command line with <code class="code">--cnf-lin
to override them.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002ddpi_003dnum'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--dpi=<var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002ddpi_003dnum'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002dD-num"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002dD-num"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-resolution_002c-setting"></a>
-<p>Set the resolution to <var class="var">num</var>; this only affects &lsquo;<samp class="samp">gf</samp>&rsquo; and
+<a id="index-_002d_002ddpi_003dnum"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--dpi=<var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002ddpi_003dnum"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the resolution to <var class="var">num</var>; this only affects &lsquo;<samp class="samp">gf</samp>&rsquo; and
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">pk</samp>&rsquo; lookups. &lsquo;<samp class="samp">-D</samp>&rsquo; is a synonym, for compatibility with
Dvips. Default is 600.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dengine_003dname'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--engine=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dengine_003dname'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-engine-name"></a>
-<p>Set the engine name to <var class="var">name</var>. By default it is not set. The
-engine name is used in some search paths to allow files with the same
-name but used by different engines to coexist.
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-engine-name"></a>
+<a id="index-_002d_002dengine_003dname"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--engine=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dengine_003dname"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>Set the engine name to <var class="var">name</var>. By default it is not set in
+<code class="code">kpsewhich</code> (TeX engines set it to the appropriate string).
+The engine name is used in some search paths to allow files with the
+same name but used by different engines to coexist.
</p>
<p>In particular, since the memory dump files
(<samp class="file">.fmt</samp>/<samp class="file">.base</samp>/<samp class="file">.mem</samp>) are now stored in
@@ -1780,7 +1838,7 @@ a normal recursive search along the path where the dumps are stored,
namely &lsquo;<samp class="samp">$TEXMF/web2c{/$engine,}</samp>&rsquo;.)
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dformat_003dname'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--format=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dformat_003dname'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dformat_003dname"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--format=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dformat_003dname"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the format for lookup to <var class="var">name</var>. By default, the format is
guessed from the filename, with &lsquo;<samp class="samp">tex</samp>&rsquo; being used if nothing else
fits. The recognized filename extensions (including any leading
@@ -1864,34 +1922,34 @@ bltxml: .bltxml
<p>This option and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--path</samp>&rsquo; are mutually exclusive.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dinteractive'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--interactive</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dinteractive'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-interactive-query"></a>
-<p>After processing the command line, read additional filenames to look up
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-interactive-query"></a>
+<a id="index-_002d_002dinteractive"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--interactive</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dinteractive"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>After processing the command line, read additional filenames to look up
from standard input.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dmktex_003dfiletype'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--mktex=<var class="var">filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dmktex_003dfiletype'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dno_002dmktex_003dfiletype"></a>
+<a id="index-_002d_002dmktex_003dfiletype"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--mktex=<var class="var">filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dmktex_003dfiletype"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--no-mktex=<var class="var">filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dno_002dmktex_003dfiletype"></a>
-<p>Turn on or off the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">mktex</samp>&rsquo; script associated with <var class="var">filetype</var>.
+<dd><p>Turn on or off the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">mktex</samp>&rsquo; script associated with <var class="var">filetype</var>.
Usual values for <var class="var">filetype</var> are &lsquo;<samp class="samp">pk</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">mf</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">tex</samp>&rsquo;,
and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">tfm</samp>&rsquo;. By default, all are off in Kpsewhich, even if they
are enabled for TeX. This option implies setting
<code class="code">--must-exist</code>. See <a class="xref" href="#mktex-scripts"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dmode_003dstring'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--mode=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dmode_003dstring'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dmode_003dstring"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--mode=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dmode_003dstring"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the mode name to <var class="var">string</var>; this also only affects &lsquo;<samp class="samp">gf</samp>&rsquo; and
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">pk</samp>&rsquo; lookups. No default: any mode will be found. See <a class="xref" href="#mktex-script-arguments"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> script arguments</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dmust_002dexist'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--must-exist</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dmust_002dexist'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dmust_002dexist"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--must-exist</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dmust_002dexist"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching
the disk and running the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">mktex</samp>&rsquo; scripts. By default, only the
<samp class="file">ls-R</samp> database is checked, in the interest of efficiency.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dpath_003dstring'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--path=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dpath_003dstring'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dpath_003dstring"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--path=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dpath_003dstring"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Search along the path <var class="var">string</var> (colon-separated as usual), instead
of guessing the search path from the filename. &lsquo;<samp class="samp">//</samp>&rsquo; and all the
usual expansions are supported (see <a class="pxref" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>). This option
@@ -1900,13 +1958,13 @@ directory expansion of a path, instead of doing a one-shot lookup, see
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--expand-path</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--show-path</samp>&rsquo; in the following section.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dprogname_003dname'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--progname=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dprogname_003dname'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dprogname_003dname"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--progname=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dprogname_003dname"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set the program name to <var class="var">name</var>; default is &lsquo;<samp class="samp">kpsewhich</samp>&rsquo;. This
can affect the search paths via the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.<var class="var">prognam</var></samp>&rsquo; feature in
configuration files (see <a class="pxref" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dsubdir_003dstring'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--subdir=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dsubdir_003dstring'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dsubdir_003dstring"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--subdir=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dsubdir_003dstring"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Report only those matches whose directory part <em class="emph">ends</em> with
<var class="var">string</var> (compared literally, except case is ignored on a
case-insensitive operating system). For example, suppose there are
@@ -1992,7 +2050,7 @@ in <samp class="file">/some/coincidental/pkg1/path/</samp>, and we wouldn&rsquo;
<p>
Next: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Auxiliary tasks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Path-searching-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Path searching options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Specially_002drecognized-files-for-kpsewhich">5.6.2 Specially-recognized files for <code class="command">kpsewhich</code></h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Specially_002drecognized-files-for-kpsewhich"><span>5.6.2 Specially-recognized files for <code class="command">kpsewhich</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#Specially_002drecognized-files-for-kpsewhich"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<p><code class="command">kpsewhich</code> recognizes a few special filenames on the command
line and defaults to using the &lsquo;known&rsquo; file formats for them, merely
@@ -2005,52 +2063,41 @@ up to the caller to specify the desired format.
with their corresponding format:
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dd>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-config_002eps"></a>
-</dd>
-<dt><samp class="file">config.ps</samp></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-config_002eps"></a><span><samp class="file">config.ps</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-config_002eps"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p><code class="code">dvips config</code>
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dvipdfmx_002ecfg"></a>
</dd>
-<dt><samp class="file">dvipdfmx.cfg</samp></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-dvipdfmx_002ecfg"></a><span><samp class="file">dvipdfmx.cfg</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-dvipdfmx_002ecfg"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">other text files</samp>&rsquo;
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fmtutil_002ecnf"></a>
</dd>
-<dt><samp class="file">fmtutil.cnf</samp></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-fmtutil_002ecnf"></a><span><samp class="file">fmtutil.cnf</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-fmtutil_002ecnf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">web2c files</samp>&rsquo;
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glyphlist_002etxt"></a>
</dd>
-<dt><samp class="file">glyphlist.txt</samp></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-glyphlist_002etxt"></a><span><samp class="file">glyphlist.txt</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-glyphlist_002etxt"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">map</samp>&rsquo;
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mktex_002ecnf"></a>
</dd>
-<dt><samp class="file">mktex.cnf</samp></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-mktex_002ecnf"></a><span><samp class="file">mktex.cnf</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mktex_002ecnf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">web2c files</samp>&rsquo;
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pdfglyphlist_002etxt"></a>
</dd>
-<dt><samp class="file">pdfglyphlist.txt</samp></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-pdfglyphlist_002etxt"></a><span><samp class="file">pdfglyphlist.txt</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-pdfglyphlist_002etxt"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">map</samp>&rsquo;
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pdftex_002ecfg"></a>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pdftexconfig_002etex"></a>
</dd>
-<dt><samp class="file">pdftex.cfg</samp></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pdftexconfig_002etex"></a>
+<a id="index-pdftex_002ecfg"></a><span><samp class="file">pdftex.cfg</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-pdftex_002ecfg"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">pdftex config</samp>&rsquo; (although <samp class="file">pdftex.cfg</samp> is not used any more;
look for the file <samp class="file">pdftexconfig.tex</samp> instead.)
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-texmf_002ecnf"></a>
</dd>
-<dt><samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-texmf_002ecnf"></a><span><samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-texmf_002ecnf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">cnf</samp>&rsquo;
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-XDvi"></a>
</dd>
-<dt><samp class="file">XDvi</samp></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-XDvi"></a><span><samp class="file">XDvi</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-XDvi"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">other text files</samp>&rsquo;
</p>
</dd>
@@ -2059,9 +2106,10 @@ look for the file <samp class="file">pdftexconfig.tex</samp> instead.)
<p>A user-specified format will override the above defaults.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-tcfmgr_002emap"></a>
-<p>Another useful configuration file in this regard is <samp class="file">tcfmgr.map</samp>,
-found in <samp class="file">texmf/texconfig/tcfmgr.map</samp>, which records various
-information about the above configuration files (among others).
+<p>Another reference for information about TeX&rsquo;s many special files is
+<samp class="file">tcfmgr.map</samp>, found in <samp class="file">texmf/texconfig/tcfmgr.map</samp>, which
+records various information about the above configuration files (among
+others).
</p>
<hr>
@@ -2071,23 +2119,23 @@ information about the above configuration files (among others).
<p>
Next: <a href="#Standard-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Standard options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Specially-recognized files for <code class="command">kpsewhich</code></a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Auxiliary-tasks-1">5.6.3 Auxiliary tasks</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Auxiliary-tasks-1"><span>5.6.3 Auxiliary tasks<a class="copiable-link" href="#Auxiliary-tasks-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-auxiliary-tasks"></a>
<p>Kpsewhich provides some features in addition to path lookup as such:
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_002d_002ddebug_003dnum'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--debug=<var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002ddebug_003dnum'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002ddebug_003dnum"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--debug=<var class="var">num</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002ddebug_003dnum"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Set debugging options to <var class="var">num</var>. See <a class="xref" href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003dstring'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--expand-braces=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003dstring'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003dstring"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--expand-braces=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003dstring"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Output variable, tilde, and brace expansion of <var class="var">string</var>, which is
assumed to be a single path element. See <a class="xref" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003dstring'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--expand-path=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003dstring'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003dstring"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--expand-path=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003dstring"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Output the complete expansion of <var class="var">string</var>, with each element
separated by the usual path separator on the current system (&lsquo;<samp class="samp">;</samp>&rsquo;
on Windows, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">:</samp>&rsquo; otherwise). This may be useful to construct a
@@ -2108,7 +2156,7 @@ $ kpsewhich --expand-path '/nonesuch'
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--path</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003dstring'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--expand-var=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003dstring'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003dstring"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--expand-var=<var class="var">string</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003dstring"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Output the variable and tilde expansion of <var class="var">string</var>. For example,
with the usual <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp>, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">kpsewhich
--expand-var='$TEXMF'</samp>&rsquo; returns the TeX system hierarchy root(s).
@@ -2117,28 +2165,36 @@ anything, though, not just variable references. This calls
<code class="code">kpse_var_expand</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dhelp_002dformats'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--help-formats</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dhelp_002dformats'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dhelp_002dformats"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--help-formats</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dhelp_002dformats"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Output information about each supported format (see <a class="pxref" href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), including the names and abbreviations, variables
looked for, and the original path.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dsafe_002din_002dname_003dname'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--safe-in-name=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dsafe_002din_002dname_003dname'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dsafe_002dextended_002dout_002dname_003dname"></a>
+<a id="index-_002d_002dsafe_002dextended_002din_002dname_003dname"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--safe-extended-in-name=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dsafe_002dextended_002din_002dname_003dname"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--safe-extended-out-name=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>As with &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--safe-in-name</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--safe-out-name</samp>&rsquo; (next item),
+but also allow files under the variables <code class="code">TEXMFVAR</code> and
+<code class="code">TEXMFSYSVAR</code> (see <a class="pxref" href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dsafe_002dout_002dname_003dname"></a>
+<a id="index-_002d_002dsafe_002din_002dname_003dname"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--safe-in-name=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dsafe_002din_002dname_003dname"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--safe-out-name=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002d_002dsafe_002dout_002dname_003dname"></a>
-<p>Exit successfully if <var class="var">name</var> is safe to open for reading or
-writing, respectively, else unsuccessfully. No output is written.
+<dd><p>Exit successfully if <var class="var">name</var> is safe to open for reading or
+writing, respectively, else unsuccessfully. No errors are output.
These tests take account of the related Kpathsea configuration
settings (see <a class="pxref" href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003dname'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--show-path=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003dname'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003dname"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--show-path=<var class="var">name</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003dname"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Show the path that would be used for file lookups of file type
<var class="var">name</var>. Either a filename extension (&lsquo;<samp class="samp">pk</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.vf</samp>&rsquo;, etc.)
or an integer can be used, just as with &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--format</samp>&rsquo;, described in
the previous section.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dvar_002dbrace_002dvalue_003dvariable'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--var-brace-value=<var class="var">variable</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dvar_002dbrace_002dvalue_003dvariable'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dvar_002dbrace_002dvalue_003dvariable"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--var-brace-value=<var class="var">variable</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dvar_002dbrace_002dvalue_003dvariable"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Like &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--var-value</samp>&rsquo; (next), but also expands &lsquo;<samp class="samp">{...}</samp>&rsquo;
constructs. (see <a class="pxref" href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a>). Thus, the value is assumed to
possibly be several path elements, and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">~</samp>&rsquo; is expanded at the
@@ -2153,7 +2209,7 @@ value, as commonly used in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp>, has changed to a
Windows-ish system, the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">;</samp>&rsquo; would remain.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003dvariable'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--var-value=<var class="var">variable</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003dvariable'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003dvariable"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--var-value=<var class="var">variable</var></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003dvariable"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Outputs the value of <var class="var">variable</var> (a simple identifier like
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">TEXMFDIST</samp>&rsquo;, with no &lsquo;<samp class="samp">$</samp>&rsquo; or other constructs), expanding
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">$</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a>) and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">~</samp>&rsquo; (see <a class="pxref" href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a>) constructs in the value. &lsquo;<samp class="samp">~</samp>&rsquo; expansion happens at the
@@ -2178,7 +2234,7 @@ input value, on all systems.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Auxiliary tasks</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich" accesskey="u" rel="up"><code class="code">kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Standard-options-1">5.6.4 Standard options</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Standard-options-1"><span>5.6.4 Standard options<a class="copiable-link" href="#Standard-options-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-standard-options"></a>
@@ -2203,7 +2259,7 @@ successfully.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Programming" accesskey="n" rel="next">Programming</a>, Previous: <a href="#Path-searching" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Path searching</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Kpathsea library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="TeX-support-1">6 TeX support</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="TeX-support-1"><span>6 TeX support<a class="copiable-link" href="#TeX-support-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TeX-support"></a>
@@ -2240,7 +2296,7 @@ found as a PK file.
<p>
Next: <a href="#File-lookup" accesskey="n" rel="next">File lookup</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX-support" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX support</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Supported-file-formats-1">6.1 Supported file formats</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Supported-file-formats-1"><span>6.1 Supported file formats<a class="copiable-link" href="#Supported-file-formats-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-supported-file-formats"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-file-formats_002c-supported"></a>
@@ -2265,415 +2321,415 @@ list by giving the &lsquo;<samp class="samp">--help-formats</samp>&rsquo; option
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a>).
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-_002eafm'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">afm</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eafm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-AFMFONTS"></a>
-<p>(Adobe font metrics, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-AFMFONTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002eafm"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">afm</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eafm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Adobe font metrics, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
<code class="code">AFMFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.afm</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ebase'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">base</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ebase'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MFBASES"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MFBASES"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFINI"></a>
-<p>(Metafont memory dump, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002ebase"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">base</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ebase"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Metafont memory dump, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">MFBASES</code>, <code class="code">TEXMFINI</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.base</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ebib'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">bib</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ebib'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-BIBINPUTS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-BIBINPUTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXBIB"></a>
-<p>(BibTeX bibliography source, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002ebib"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">bib</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ebib"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(BibTeX bibliography source, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">BIBINPUTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXBIB</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.bib</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ebltxml'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">bltxml</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ebltxml'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-BLTXMLINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(BibLaTeXML bibliography files for Biber, <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/biber">https://ctan.org/pkg/biber</a>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-BLTXMLINPUTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002ebltxml"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">bltxml</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ebltxml"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(BibLaTeXML bibliography files for Biber, <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/biber">https://ctan.org/pkg/biber</a>)
<code class="code">BLTXMLINPUTS</code>
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.bltxml</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ebst'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">bst</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ebst'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-BSTINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(BibTeX style, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-BSTINPUTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002ebst"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">bst</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ebst"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(BibTeX style, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX
style files</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">BSTINPUTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.bst</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002edll'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">clua</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002edll'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eso"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eso"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-CLUAINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(dynamic libraries for Lua, <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex">https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex</a>)
+<a id="index-_002edll"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">clua</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002edll"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(dynamic libraries for Lua, <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex">https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex</a>)
<code class="code">CLUAINPUTS</code>
suffixes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.dll</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.so</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ecmap'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">cmap</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ecmap'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-CMAPFONTS"></a>
-<p>(character map files)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-CMAPFONTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002ecmap"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">cmap</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ecmap"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(character map files)
<code class="code">CMAPFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.cmap</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ecnf'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">cnf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ecnf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFCNF-1"></a>
-<p>(Runtime configuration files, see <a class="pxref" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFCNF-1"></a>
+<a id="index-_002ecnf"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">cnf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ecnf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Runtime configuration files, see <a class="pxref" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>)
<code class="code">TEXMFCNF</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.cnf</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ew'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">cweb</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ew'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eweb"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eweb"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-CWEBINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(CWEB input files)
+<a id="index-_002ew"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">cweb</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ew"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(CWEB input files)
<code class="code">CWEBINPUTS</code>;
suffixes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.w</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.web</samp>&rsquo;;
additional suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ch</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-TEXCONFIG'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">dvips config</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-TEXCONFIG'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-config_002eps_002c-search-path-for"></a>
-<p>(Dvips &lsquo;<samp class="samp">config.*</samp>&rsquo; files, such as <samp class="file">config.ps</samp>, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Config-files">Config
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-config_002eps_002c-search-path-for"></a>
+<a id="index-TEXCONFIG"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">dvips config</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-TEXCONFIG"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Dvips &lsquo;<samp class="samp">config.*</samp>&rsquo; files, such as <samp class="file">config.ps</samp>, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Config-files">Config
files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
<code class="code">TEXCONFIG</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eenc'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">enc files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eenc'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ENCFONTS"></a>
-<p>(encoding vectors)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ENCFONTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002eenc"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">enc files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eenc"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(encoding vectors)
<code class="code">ENCFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.enc</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002efmt'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">fmt</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002efmt'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFORMATS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFORMATS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFINI-1"></a>
-<p>(TeX memory dump, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002efmt"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">fmt</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002efmt"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(TeX memory dump, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">TEXFORMATS</code>, <code class="code">TEXMFINI</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.fmt</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ecid'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">font cid map</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ecid'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-FONTCIDMAPS"></a>
-<p>(CJK mapping)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-FONTCIDMAPS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002ecid"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">font cid map</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ecid"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(CJK mapping)
<code class="code">FONTCIDMAPS</code>
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.cid</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002efea'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">font feature files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002efea'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-FONTFEATURES"></a>
-<p>(primarily for OpenType font features)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-FONTFEATURES"></a>
+<a id="index-_002efea"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">font feature files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002efea"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(primarily for OpenType font features)
<code class="code">FONTFEATURES</code>
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.fea</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-gf'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">gf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-gf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-GFFONTS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-GFFONTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-GLYPHFONTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFONTS"></a>
-<p>(generic font bitmap, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
+<a id="index-gf"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">gf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-gf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(generic font bitmap, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
<code class="code"><var class="var">program</var>FONTS</code>, <code class="code">GFFONTS</code>, <code class="code">GLYPHFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">gf</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eeps'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">graphic/figure</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eeps'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eepsi"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eepsi"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPICTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(Encapsulated PostScript figures, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002eeps"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">graphic/figure</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eeps"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Encapsulated PostScript figures, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
<code class="code">TEXPICTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXINPUTS</code>;
additional suffixes: &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.eps</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.epsi</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eist'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ist</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eist'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXINDEXSTYLE"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXINDEXSTYLE"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-INDEXSTYLE"></a>
-<p>(makeindex style files)
+<a id="index-_002eist"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ist</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eist"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(makeindex style files)
<code class="code">TEXINDEXSTYLE</code>, <code class="code">INDEXSTYLE</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ist</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002elig'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">lig files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002elig'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-LIGFONTS"></a>
-<p>(ligature definition files)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-LIGFONTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002elig"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">lig files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002elig"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(ligature definition files)
<code class="code">LIGFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.lig</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-ls_002dR'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ls-R</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-ls_002dR'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFDBS-1"></a>
-<p>(Filename databases, see <a class="pxref" href="#Filename-database">Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)</a>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFDBS-1"></a>
+<a id="index-ls_002dR"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ls-R</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-ls_002dR"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Filename databases, see <a class="pxref" href="#Filename-database">Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)</a>)
<code class="code">TEXMFDBS</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002elua'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">lua</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002elua'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eluatex"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eluatex"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eluc"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eluctex"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002etexlua"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002etexluc"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002etlu"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-LUAINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(Lua scripts, <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex">https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex</a>)
+<a id="index-_002elua"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">lua</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002elua"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Lua scripts, <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex">https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex</a>)
<code class="code">LUAINPUTS</code>
suffixes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.lua</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.luatex</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.luc</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.luctex</samp>&rsquo;,
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">.texlua</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.texluc</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.tlu</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002emap'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">map</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002emap'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFONTMAPS"></a>
-<p>(Fontmaps, see <a class="pxref" href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFONTMAPS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002emap"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">map</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002emap"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Fontmaps, see <a class="pxref" href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>)
<code class="code">TEXFONTMAPS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.map</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002emem'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mem</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002emem'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MPMEMS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MPMEMS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFINI-2"></a>
-<p>(MetaPost memory dump, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002emem"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mem</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002emem"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(MetaPost memory dump, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">MPMEMS</code>, <code class="code">TEXMFINI</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mem</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-MPSUPPORT'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp"><span class="r">MetaPost support</span></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-MPSUPPORT'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-MPSUPPORT"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp"><span class="r">MetaPost support</span></samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-MPSUPPORT"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(MetaPost support files, used by DMP; see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">MPSUPPORT</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002emf'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002emf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MFINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(Metafont source, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MFINPUTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002emf"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002emf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Metafont source, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">MFINPUTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mf</samp>&rsquo;;
dynamic creation program: <code class="code">mktexmf</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002epool'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mfpool</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002epool'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MFPOOL"></a>
-<p>(Metafont program strings, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MFPOOL"></a>
+<a id="index-_002epool"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mfpool</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002epool"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Metafont program strings, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">MFPOOL</code>, <code class="code">TEXMFINI</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.pool</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002emft'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mft</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002emft'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MFTINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(<code class="code">MFT</code> style file, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MFTINPUTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002emft"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mft</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002emft"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(<code class="code">MFT</code> style file, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">MFTINPUTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mft</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-MISCFONTS'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">misc fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-MISCFONTS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-MISCFONTS"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">misc fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-MISCFONTS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(font-related files that don&rsquo;t fit the other categories)
<code class="code">MISCFONTS</code>
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002emlbib'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mlbib</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002emlbib'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MLBIBINPUTS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MLBIBINPUTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-BIBINPUTS-1"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXBIB-1"></a>
-<p>(MlBibTeX bibliography source)
+<a id="index-_002emlbib"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mlbib</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002emlbib"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(MlBibTeX bibliography source)
<code class="code">MLBIBINPUTS</code>, <code class="code">BIBINPUTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXBIB</code>;
suffixes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mlbib</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mlbib</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002emlbst'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mlbst</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002emlbst'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MLBSTINPUTS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MLBSTINPUTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-BSTINPUTS-1"></a>
-<p>(MlBibTeX style)
+<a id="index-_002emlbst"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mlbst</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002emlbst"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(MlBibTeX style)
<code class="code">MLBSTINPUTS</code>, <code class="code">BSTINPUTS</code>;
suffixes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mlbst</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.bst</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002emp'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mp</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002emp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MPINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(MetaPost source, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MPINPUTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002emp"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mp</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002emp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(MetaPost source, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">MPINPUTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mp</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002epool-1'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mppool</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002epool-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MPPOOL"></a>
-<p>(MetaPost program strings, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MPPOOL"></a>
+<a id="index-_002epool-1"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">mppool</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002epool-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(MetaPost program strings, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">MPPOOL</code>, <code class="code">TEXMFINI</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.pool</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eocp'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ocp</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eocp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OCPINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(Omega compiled process files)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OCPINPUTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002eocp"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ocp</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eocp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Omega compiled process files)
<code class="code">OCPINPUTS</code>; <br>
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ocp</samp>&rsquo;;
dynamic creation program: <code class="code">MakeOmegaOCP</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eofm'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ofm</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eofm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OFMFONTS"></a>
-<p>(Omega font metrics)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OFMFONTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002eofm"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ofm</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eofm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Omega font metrics)
<code class="code">OFMFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXFONTS</code>; <br>
suffixes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ofm</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.tfm</samp>&rsquo;;
dynamic creation program: <code class="code">MakeOmegaOFM</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-OPENTYPEFONTS'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">opentype fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-OPENTYPEFONTS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-OPENTYPEFONTS"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">opentype fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-OPENTYPEFONTS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(OpenType fonts)
<code class="code">OPENTYPEFONTS</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eopl'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">opl</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eopl'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-_002eopl"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">opl</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eopl"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(Omega property lists)
<code class="code">OPLFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.opl</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eotp'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">otp</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eotp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OTPINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(Omega translation process files)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OTPINPUTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002eotp"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">otp</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eotp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Omega translation process files)
<code class="code">OTPINPUTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.otp</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eovf'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ovf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eovf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OVFFONTS"></a>
-<p>(Omega virtual fonts)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OVFFONTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002eovf"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ovf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eovf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Omega virtual fonts)
<code class="code">OVFFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ovf</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eovp'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ovp</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eovp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OVPFONTS"></a>
-<p>(Omega virtual property lists)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-OVPFONTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002eovp"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ovp</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eovp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Omega virtual property lists)
<code class="code">OVPFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ovp</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-PDFTEXCONFIG'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">pdftex config</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-PDFTEXCONFIG'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-PDFTEXCONFIG"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">pdftex config</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-PDFTEXCONFIG"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(PDFTeX-specific configuration files)
<code class="code">PDFTEXCONFIG</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002epk'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">pk</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002epk'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PKFONTS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PKFONTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPKS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-GLYPHFONTS-1"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFONTS-1"></a>
-<p>(packed bitmap fonts, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002epk"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">pk</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002epk"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(packed bitmap fonts, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
<code class="code"><var class="var">PROGRAM</var>FONTS</code> (<var class="var">program</var> being &lsquo;<samp class="samp">XDVI</samp>&rsquo;, etc.),
<code class="code">PKFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXPKS</code>, <code class="code">GLYPHFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">pk</samp>&rsquo;;
dynamic creation program: <code class="code">mktexpk</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002epro'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">PostScript header</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002epro'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPSHEADERS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPSHEADERS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PSHEADERS"></a>
-<p>(downloadable PostScript, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Header-files">Header files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002epro"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">PostScript header</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002epro"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(downloadable PostScript, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Header-files">Header files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
<code class="code">TEXPSHEADERS</code>, <code class="code">PSHEADERS</code>;
additional suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.pro</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eris'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ris</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eris'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-RISINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(RIS bibliography files, primarily for Biber, <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/biber">https://ctan.org/pkg/biber</a>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-RISINPUTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002eris"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">ris</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eris"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(RIS bibliography files, primarily for Biber, <a class="url" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/biber">https://ctan.org/pkg/biber</a>)
<code class="code">RISINPUTS</code>
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ris</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002esfd'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">subfont definition files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002esfd'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-SFDFONTS"></a>
-<p>(subfont definition files)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-SFDFONTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002esfd"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">subfont definition files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002esfd"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(subfont definition files)
<code class="code">SFDFONTS</code>
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.sfd</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002etex'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">tex</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002etex'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXINPUTS-1"></a>
-<p>(TeX source, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXINPUTS-1"></a>
+<a id="index-_002etex"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">tex</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002etex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(TeX source, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">TEXINPUTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.tex</samp>&rsquo;;
additional suffixes: none, because such a list cannot be complete;
dynamic creation program: <code class="code">mktextex</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-doc-files'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">TeX system documentation</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-doc-files'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXDOCS"></a>
-<p>(Documentation files for the TeX system)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXDOCS"></a>
+<a id="index-doc-files"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">TeX system documentation</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-doc-files"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Documentation files for the TeX system)
<code class="code">TEXDOCS</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-source-files'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">TeX system sources</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-source-files'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXSOURCES"></a>
-<p>(Source files for the TeX system)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXSOURCES"></a>
+<a id="index-source-files"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">TeX system sources</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-source-files"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Source files for the TeX system)
<code class="code">TEXSOURCES</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-TEXMFSCRIPTS'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">texmfscripts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-TEXMFSCRIPTS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-TEXMFSCRIPTS"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">texmfscripts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-TEXMFSCRIPTS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(Architecture-independent executables distributed in the texmf trees)
<code class="code">TEXMFSCRIPTS</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002epool-2'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">texpool</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002epool-2'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPOOL"></a>
-<p>(TeX program strings, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPOOL"></a>
+<a id="index-_002epool-2"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">texpool</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002epool-2"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(TeX program strings, see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">TEXPOOL</code>, <code class="code">TEXMFINI</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.pool</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002etfm'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">tfm</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002etfm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TFMFONTS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TFMFONTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFONTS-2"></a>
-<p>(TeX font metrics, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002etfm"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">tfm</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002etfm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(TeX font metrics, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
<code class="code">TFMFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.tfm</samp>&rsquo;;
dynamic creation program: <code class="code">mktextfm</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-TRFONTS'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Troff fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-TRFONTS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-TRFONTS"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">Troff fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-TRFONTS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(Troff fonts, used by DMP; see <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#DMP-invocation">DMP invocation</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>)
<code class="code">TRFONTS</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002ettf'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">truetype fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ettf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002ettc"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002ettc"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TTFONTS"></a>
-<p>(TrueType outline fonts) <code class="code">TTFONTS</code>; suffixes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ttf</samp>&rsquo; and
+<a id="index-_002ettf"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">truetype fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002ettf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(TrueType outline fonts) <code class="code">TTFONTS</code>; suffixes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ttf</samp>&rsquo; and
&lsquo;<samp class="samp">.TTF</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ttc</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.TTC</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.dfont</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002epfa'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">type1 fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002epfa'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002epfb"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002epfb"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-T1FONTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-T1INPUTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXPSHEADERS-1"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-DVIPSHEADERS"></a>
-<p>(Type 1 PostScript outline fonts, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002epfa"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">type1 fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002epfa"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(Type 1 PostScript outline fonts, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
<code class="code">T1FONTS</code>, <code class="code">T1INPUTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXPSHEADERS</code>, <code class="code">DVIPSHEADERS</code>;
suffixes &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.pfa</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.pfb</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-T42FONTS'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">type42 fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-T42FONTS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-T42FONTS"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">type42 fonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-T42FONTS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(Type 42 PostScript outline fonts) <code class="code">T42FONTS</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002evf'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">vf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002evf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-VFFONTS"></a>
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-VFFONTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXFONTS-3"></a>
-<p>(virtual fonts, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
+<a id="index-_002evf"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">vf</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002evf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(virtual fonts, see <a data-manual="dvips" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a> in <cite class="cite">Dvips</cite>)
<code class="code">VFFONTS</code>, <code class="code">TEXFONTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.vf</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-_002eweb-1'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">web</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eweb-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-WEBINPUTS"></a>
-<p>(WEB input files)
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-WEBINPUTS"></a>
+<a id="index-_002eweb-1"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">web</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-_002eweb-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(WEB input files)
<code class="code">WEBINPUTS</code>;
suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.web</samp>&rsquo;;
additional suffix &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ch</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-WEB2C'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">web2c files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-WEB2C'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-WEB2C"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">web2c files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-WEB2C"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(files specific to the web2c implementation)
<code class="code">WEB2C</code>.
</p></dd>
@@ -2686,12 +2742,12 @@ appending &lsquo;<samp class="samp">INPUTS</samp>&rsquo;. Assuming the program
this gives us the following table.
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-FOOINPUTS'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">other text files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-FOOINPUTS'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-FOOINPUTS"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">other text files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-FOOINPUTS"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(text files used by &lsquo;<samp class="samp">foo</samp>&rsquo;)
<code class="code">FOOINPUTS</code>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-FOOINPUTS-1'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">other binary files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-FOOINPUTS-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-FOOINPUTS-1"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">other binary files</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-FOOINPUTS-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(binary files used by &lsquo;<samp class="samp">foo</samp>&rsquo;)
<code class="code">FOOINPUTS</code>.
</p></dd>
@@ -2725,7 +2781,7 @@ Each program has its own font override path as well; e.g.,
<p>
Next: <a href="#Glyph-lookup" accesskey="n" rel="next">Glyph lookup</a>, Previous: <a href="#Supported-file-formats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Supported file formats</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX-support" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX support</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="File-lookup-1">6.2 File lookup</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="File-lookup-1"><span>6.2 File lookup<a class="copiable-link" href="#File-lookup-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-file-lookup"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-searching-for-files"></a>
@@ -2783,7 +2839,7 @@ debugging options (see <a class="pxref" href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>).
<p>
Next: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Suppressing warnings</a>, Previous: <a href="#File-lookup" accesskey="p" rel="prev">File lookup</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX-support" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX support</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Glyph-lookup-1">6.3 Glyph lookup</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Glyph-lookup-1"><span>6.3 Glyph lookup<a class="copiable-link" href="#Glyph-lookup-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glyph-lookup"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-searching-for-glyphs"></a>
@@ -2829,7 +2885,7 @@ last-resort font (typically &lsquo;<samp class="samp">cmr10</samp>&rsquo;).
<p>
Next: <a href="#Fontmap" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fontmap</a>, Up: <a href="#Glyph-lookup" accesskey="u" rel="up">Glyph lookup</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Basic-glyph-lookup-1">6.3.1 Basic glyph lookup</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Basic-glyph-lookup-1"><span>6.3.1 Basic glyph lookup<a class="copiable-link" href="#Basic-glyph-lookup-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-basic-glyph-lookup"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-common-features-in-glyph-lookup"></a>
@@ -2861,7 +2917,7 @@ slightly more than the 0.2% minimum allowed by the DVI standard
<p>
Next: <a href="#Fallback-font" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fallback font</a>, Previous: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Basic glyph lookup</a>, Up: <a href="#Glyph-lookup" accesskey="u" rel="up">Glyph lookup</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Fontmap-1">6.3.2 Fontmap</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Fontmap-1"><span>6.3.2 Fontmap<a class="copiable-link" href="#Fontmap-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fontmap-files"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-alias-files"></a>
@@ -2935,7 +2991,7 @@ lcircle10 circle10
lcircle10 lcirc10
lcirc10 circle10
lcirc10 lcircle10
-&hellip;
+...
</pre></div>
<p>Fontmaps are implemented in the file <samp class="file">kpathsea/fontmap.c</samp>.
@@ -2950,7 +3006,7 @@ The Fontname distribution has much more information on font naming
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Fontmap" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Fontmap</a>, Up: <a href="#Glyph-lookup" accesskey="u" rel="up">Glyph lookup</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Fallback-font-1">6.3.3 Fallback font</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Fallback-font-1"><span>6.3.3 Fallback font<a class="copiable-link" href="#Fallback-font-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fallback-font"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fallback-resolutions"></a>
@@ -2988,7 +3044,7 @@ must enable this feature by calling <code class="code">kpathsea_init_prog</code
<p>
Next: <a href="#mktex-scripts" accesskey="n" rel="next"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Glyph-lookup" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Glyph lookup</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX-support" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX support</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Suppressing-warnings-1">6.4 Suppressing warnings</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Suppressing-warnings-1"><span>6.4 Suppressing warnings<a class="copiable-link" href="#Suppressing-warnings-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-warnings_002c-suppressing"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-suppressing-warnings"></a>
@@ -3002,32 +3058,32 @@ do this, you set the environment variable or configuration file value
possibilities:
</p>
<dl class="vtable">
-<dt id='index-all'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">all</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-all'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-all"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">all</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-all"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Suppress everything possible.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-checksum'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">checksum</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-checksum'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-checksum"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">checksum</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-checksum"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mismatched-checksum-warnings"></a>
<p>Suppress mismatched font checksum warnings.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-lostchar'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">lostchar</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-lostchar'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-lostchar"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">lostchar</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-lostchar"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-missing-character-warnings"></a>
<p>Suppress warnings when a character is missing from a font that a DVI or
VF file tries to typeset.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-none'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">none</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-none'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-none"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">none</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-none"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Don&rsquo;t suppress any warnings.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-readable'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">readable</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-readable'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-readable"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">readable</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-readable"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-unreadable-file-warnings"></a>
<p>Suppress warnings about attempts to access a file whose permissions
render it unreadable.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-special'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">special</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-special'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-special"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">special</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-special"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-unknown-special-warnings"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cspecial_002c-suppressing-warnings-about"></a>
<p>Suppresses warnings about an unimplemented or unparsable
@@ -3047,7 +3103,7 @@ appropriate.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Suppressing warnings</a>, Up: <a href="#TeX-support" accesskey="u" rel="up">TeX support</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="mktex-scripts-1">6.5 <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="mktex-scripts-1"><span>6.5 <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts<a class="copiable-link" href="#mktex-scripts-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mktex-scripts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scripts-for-file-creation"></a>
@@ -3091,7 +3147,7 @@ diagnostics to standard error.
<p>
Next: <a href="#mktex-script-names" accesskey="n" rel="next"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> script names</a>, Up: <a href="#mktex-scripts" accesskey="u" rel="up"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="mktex-configuration-1">6.5.1 <samp class="file">mktex</samp> configuration</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="mktex-configuration-1"><span>6.5.1 <samp class="file">mktex</samp> configuration<a class="copiable-link" href="#mktex-configuration-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mktex-script-configuration"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-configuration-of-mktex-scripts"></a>
@@ -3175,7 +3231,7 @@ directory is used.
<p>The &lsquo;<samp class="samp">appendonlydir</samp>&rsquo; option is enabled by default.
</p>
<dl class="vtable">
-<dt id='index-appendonlydir'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">appendonlydir</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-appendonlydir'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-appendonlydir"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">appendonlydir</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-appendonlydir"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-directories_002c-making-append_002donly"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mktexdir"></a>
<p>Tell <code class="code">mktexdir</code> to create directories append-only, i.e., set
@@ -3185,7 +3241,7 @@ Utilities</cite>). This feature is silently ignored on non-Unix platforms
This feature is enabled by default.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-dosnames'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">dosnames</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-dosnames'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-dosnames"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">dosnames</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-dosnames"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-8_002e3-filenames_002c-using"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-DOS-compatible-names"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-dpinnn-directories"></a>
@@ -3208,7 +3264,7 @@ TeX-related files and are therefore unchanged.
the emulation programs don&rsquo;t consult <samp class="file">mktex.opt</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-fontmaps-1'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">fontmaps</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-fontmaps-1'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-fontmaps-1"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">fontmaps</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-fontmaps-1"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fontmaps"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fontname"></a>
<p>Instead of deriving the location of a font in the destination tree from
@@ -3216,37 +3272,37 @@ the location of the sources, the aliases and directory names from the
Fontname distribution are used. (see <a data-manual="fontname" href="fontname.html#Top">Introduction</a> in <cite class="cite">Fontname</cite>).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-nomfdrivers'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">nomfdrivers</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-nomfdrivers'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-nomfdrivers"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">nomfdrivers</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-nomfdrivers"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-metafont-driver-files"></a>
<p>Let mktexpk and mktextfm create metafont driver files in a temporary
directory. These will be used for just one metafont run and not
installed permanently.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-nomode'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">nomode</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-nomode'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-nomode"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">nomode</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-nomode"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mode-directory_002c-omitting"></a>
<p>Omit the directory level for the mode name; this is fine as long as
you generate fonts for only one mode.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-stripsupplier'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">stripsupplier</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-stripsupplier'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-stripsupplier"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">stripsupplier</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-stripsupplier"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting"></a>
<p>Omit the font supplier name directory level.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-striptypeface'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">striptypeface</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-striptypeface'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-striptypeface"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">striptypeface</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-striptypeface"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting"></a>
<p>Omit the font typeface name directory level.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-strip'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">strip</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-strip'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-strip"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">strip</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-strip"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-1"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-1"></a>
<p>Omit the font supplier and typeface name directory levels. This feature
is deprecated in favour of &lsquo;<samp class="samp">stripsupplier</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">striptypeface</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-varfonts'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">varfonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-varfonts'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-varfonts"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">varfonts</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-varfonts"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002fvar_002ftmp_002ftexfonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-VARTEXFONTS"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Linux-File-System-Standard"></a>
@@ -3262,7 +3318,7 @@ recommends <samp class="file">/var/tex/fonts</samp>.
feature is enabled, and if set to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">0</samp>&rsquo;, the feature is disabled.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-texmfvar'><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">texmfvar</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-texmfvar'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-texmfvar"></a><span>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">texmfvar</samp>&rsquo;<a class="copiable-link" href="#index-texmfvar"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFVAR"></a>
<p>Force generated files that would go into a system tree (as defined by
<code class="code">SYSTEXMF</code>) into <code class="code">TEXMFVAR</code>. Starting with teTeX-3.0, the
@@ -3284,7 +3340,7 @@ feature is enabled, and if set to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">0</samp>&rsquo;, the
<p>
Next: <a href="#mktex-script-arguments" accesskey="n" rel="next"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> script arguments</a>, Previous: <a href="#mktex-configuration" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> configuration</a>, Up: <a href="#mktex-scripts" accesskey="u" rel="up"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="mktex-script-names-1">6.5.2 <samp class="file">mktex</samp> script names</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="mktex-script-names-1"><span>6.5.2 <samp class="file">mktex</samp> script names<a class="copiable-link" href="#mktex-script-names-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mktex-script-names"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-names-for-mktex-scripts"></a>
@@ -3293,34 +3349,34 @@ Next: <a href="#mktex-script-arguments" accesskey="n" rel="next"><samp class="fi
of the file types which support runtime generation.
</p>
<dl class="table">
-<dt id='index-mktexfmt'><span><samp class="file">mktexfmt</samp><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mktexfmt'> &para;</a></span></dt>
-<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fmtutil"></a>
-<p>(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">.fmt</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.base</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mem</samp>&rsquo;) TeX/Metafont/MetaPost
+<dt><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fmtutil"></a>
+<a id="index-mktexfmt"></a><span><samp class="file">mktexfmt</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mktexfmt"> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dd><p>(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">.fmt</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.base</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mem</samp>&rsquo;) TeX/Metafont/MetaPost
formats. This script is also named <code class="command">fmtutil</code>, and reads
<samp class="file">fmtutil.cnf</samp> for configuration information.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-mktexmf'><span><samp class="file">mktexmf</samp><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mktexmf'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-mktexmf"></a><span><samp class="file">mktexmf</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mktexmf"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">.mf</samp>&rsquo;) Metafont input files.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-mkocp'><span><samp class="file">mkocp</samp><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mkocp'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-mkocp"></a><span><samp class="file">mkocp</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mkocp"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ocp</samp>&rsquo;) Omega compiled process files.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-mkofm'><span><samp class="file">mkofm</samp><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mkofm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-mkofm"></a><span><samp class="file">mkofm</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mkofm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">.ofm</samp>&rsquo;) Omega font metric files.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-mktexpk'><span><samp class="file">mktexpk</samp><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mktexpk'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-mktexpk"></a><span><samp class="file">mktexpk</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mktexpk"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">pk</samp>&rsquo;) Glyph fonts.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-mktextex'><span><samp class="file">mktextex</samp><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mktextex'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-mktextex"></a><span><samp class="file">mktextex</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mktextex"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">.tex</samp>&rsquo;) TeX input files (disabled by default).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-mktextfm'><span><samp class="file">mktextfm</samp><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mktextfm'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-mktextfm"></a><span><samp class="file">mktextfm</samp><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-mktextfm"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">.tfm</samp>&rsquo;) TFM files.
</p></dd>
</dl>
@@ -3329,22 +3385,27 @@ formats. This script is also named <code class="command">fmtutil</code>, and re
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-XDVIMAKEPK"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-DVILJMAKEPK"></a>
<p>These names can be overridden by an environment variable specific
-to the program&mdash;for example, <code class="code">DVIPSMAKEPK</code> for Dvipsk.
+to the program; for example, <code class="code">DVIPSMAKEPK</code> for Dvipsk.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-missfont_002elog"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-failed-mktex_2026-script-invocation"></a>
<p>If a <code class="code">mktex&hellip;</code> script fails, the invocation is appended to a
-file <samp class="file">missfont.log</samp> (by default) in the current directory. You can
-then execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the
-problem.
+file <samp class="file">missfont.log</samp> (by default) in the current directory. After
+fixing the problem, you can then execute the log file to create the
+missing files.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMF_005fOUTPUT_005fDIRECTORY_002c-and-missfont_002elog"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-and-missfont_002elog"></a>
+<p>If the environment variable <code class="code">TEXMF_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY</code> is set,
+<samp class="file">missfont.log</samp> is first tried to be written there; if it&rsquo;s not
+set, the current directory is tried first. If that first write fails
+and the environment variable or configuration file value
+<code class="code">TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is set, we try to write <samp class="file">missfont.log</samp> there.
+Otherwise nothing is written.
</p>
-<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFOUTPUT"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG"></a>
-<p>If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or
-configuration file value <code class="code">TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is set, its value is
-used. Otherwise, nothing is written. The name &lsquo;<samp class="samp">missfont.log</samp>&rsquo; is
-overridden by the <code class="code">MISSFONT_LOG</code> environment variable or
-configuration file value.
+<p>The base filename &lsquo;<samp class="samp">missfont.log</samp>&rsquo; is overridden by the
+<code class="code">MISSFONT_LOG</code> environment variable or configuration file value.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -3354,7 +3415,7 @@ configuration file value.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#mktex-script-names" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> script names</a>, Up: <a href="#mktex-scripts" accesskey="u" rel="up"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="mktex-script-arguments-1">6.5.3 <samp class="file">mktex</samp> script arguments</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="mktex-script-arguments-1"><span>6.5.3 <samp class="file">mktex</samp> script arguments<a class="copiable-link" href="#mktex-script-arguments-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-arguments-to-mktex"></a>
@@ -3396,7 +3457,7 @@ script.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Reporting-bugs" accesskey="n" rel="next">Reporting bugs</a>, Previous: <a href="#TeX-support" accesskey="p" rel="prev">TeX support</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Kpathsea library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Programming-1">7 Programming</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Programming-1"><span>7 Programming<a class="copiable-link" href="#Programming-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<p>This chapter is for programmers who wish to use Kpathsea.
See <a class="xref" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>, for the conditions under which you may do so (in
@@ -3407,8 +3468,9 @@ short, it is released under LGPLv2.1 or later).
<ul class="mini-toc">
<li><a href="#Programming-overview" accesskey="1">Programming overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#Calling-sequence" accesskey="2">Calling sequence</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Program_002dspecific-files" accesskey="3">Program-specific files</a></li>
-<li><a href="#Programming-with-config-files" accesskey="4">Programming with config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Safe-filenames" accesskey="3">Safe filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Program_002dspecific-files" accesskey="4">Program-specific files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Programming-with-config-files" accesskey="5">Programming with config files</a></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Programming-overview">
@@ -3416,7 +3478,7 @@ short, it is released under LGPLv2.1 or later).
<p>
Next: <a href="#Calling-sequence" accesskey="n" rel="next">Calling sequence</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Programming-overview-1">7.1 Programming overview</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Programming-overview-1"><span>7.1 Programming overview<a class="copiable-link" href="#Programming-overview-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-programming-overview"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-overview-of-programming-with-Kpathsea"></a>
@@ -3458,9 +3520,9 @@ depend on each other, it is recommended to use <code class="code">#include
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-config_002eh"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-c_002dauto_002eh"></a>
-<p>If you want to include only specific headers, you should still consider
-including <samp class="file">kpathsea/config.h</samp> before including any other Kpathsea
-header, as it provides symbols used in the other headers. Note that
+<p>If you want to include only specific headers, you should still
+consider including <samp class="file">kpathsea/config.h</samp> before including any other
+Kpathsea header, as it provides symbols used in the other headers;
<samp class="file">kpathsea/config.h</samp> includes <samp class="file">kpathsea/c-auto.h</samp>, which is
generated by Autoconf.
</p>
@@ -3468,16 +3530,16 @@ generated by Autoconf.
<p>The library provides no way for an external program to register new file
types: <samp class="file">tex-file.[ch]</samp> must be modified to do this. For example,
Kpathsea has support for looking up Dvips config files, even though no
-program other than Dvips will likely ever want to do so. I felt this
+program other than Dvips is likely to ever want to do so. I felt this
was acceptable, since along with new file types should also come new
defaults in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp> (and its descendant <samp class="file">paths.h</samp>), since
it&rsquo;s simplest for users if they can modify one configuration file for
all kinds of paths.
</p>
<p>Kpathsea does not parse any formats itself; it barely opens any files.
-Its primary purpose is to return filenames. The GNU font utilities does
-contain libraries to read TFM, GF, and PK files, as do the programs
-above, of course.
+Its primary purpose is to return filenames. The GNU font utilities
+package contains libraries to read TFM, GF, and PK files, as do the
+programs above, of course.
</p>
<hr>
@@ -3485,9 +3547,9 @@ above, of course.
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Calling-sequence">
<div class="nav-panel">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Program_002dspecific-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Program-specific files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Programming-overview" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Programming overview</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Safe-filenames" accesskey="n" rel="next">Safe filenames</a>, Previous: <a href="#Programming-overview" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Programming overview</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Calling-sequence-1">7.2 Calling sequence</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Calling-sequence-1"><span>7.2 Calling sequence<a class="copiable-link" href="#Calling-sequence-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-programming-with-Kpathsea"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-calling-sequence"></a>
@@ -3540,12 +3602,13 @@ values.
</p>
</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpse_002d_003edebug-variable"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-debugging-options_002c-in-Kpathsea_002dusing-program"></a>
-Set debugging options. See <a class="xref" href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>. If your program doesn&rsquo;t have a
-debugging option already, you can define one and set
+Set debugging options. See <a class="xref" href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>. If your program doesn&rsquo;t have
+a debugging option already, you can define one and set
<code class="code">kpse-&gt;debug</code> to the number that the user supplies (as in Dviljk
-and Web2c), or you can just omit this altogether (people can always set
-<code class="code">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code>). If you do have runtime debugging already, you
-need to merge Kpathsea&rsquo;s options with yours (as in Dvipsk and Xdvik).
+and Web2c), or you can just omit this altogether (users can always set
+the <code class="code">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> environment variable). If you do have
+runtime debugging already, you need to merge Kpathsea&rsquo;s options with
+yours (as in Dvipsk and Xdvik).
</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-client_005fpath-in-kpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo"></a>
@@ -3559,13 +3622,15 @@ array is indexed by file type; see <samp class="file">tex-file.h</samp>.) See
</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005finit_005fprog-1"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-proginit_002eh"></a>
-Call <code class="code">kpathsea_init_prog</code> (see <samp class="file">proginit.c</samp>). It&rsquo;s useful for the
-DVI drivers, at least, but for other programs it may be simpler to
-extract the parts of it that actually apply. This does not initialize
-any paths, it just looks for (and sets) certain environment variables
-and other random information. (A search path is always initialized at
-the first call to find a file of that type; this eliminates much useless
-work, e.g., initializing the BibTeX search paths in a DVI driver.)
+Call <code class="code">kpathsea_init_prog</code> (see <samp class="file">proginit.c</samp>). It&rsquo;s useful
+for the DVI drivers, at least, but for other programs it may be
+simpler to extract the parts of it that actually apply. This does not
+initialize any paths, it just looks for (and sets) certain environment
+variables and other random information. Search paths are always
+initialized at the first call to find a file of a given type, not
+requiring an explicit initialization call; this eliminates much
+useless work, e.g., initializing the BibTeX search paths in a DVI
+driver.
</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005ffind_005ffile-1"></a>
The routine to actually find a file of type <var class="var">format</var> is
@@ -3575,12 +3640,16 @@ initialization steps above&mdash;Kpathsea automatically reads the
<samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp> generic config files, looks for environment variables,
and does expansions at the first lookup.
-</li><li> To find PK and/or GF bitmap fonts, the routine
+</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005ffind_005fglyph-1"></a>
+To find PK and/or GF bitmap fonts, the routine
is <code class="code">kpathsea_find_glyph</code>, defined in
<samp class="file">tex-glyph.h</samp>. This returns a structure in addition to the
resultant filename, because fonts can be found in so many ways. See the
documentation in the source.
+</li><li> Before opening a file, especially for writing, you should check if the
+filename is acceptable. See the next section (see <a class="pxref" href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a>).
+
</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fopen_005ffile"></a>
To actually open a file, not just return a filename, call
<code class="code">kpathsea_open_file</code>. This function takes the name to look up and a
@@ -3590,33 +3659,8 @@ necessary (unless the search path specified &lsquo;<samp class="samp">!!</samp>&
words, if you are looking up a VF or some other file that need not
exist, don&rsquo;t use this.
-</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok"></a>
-TeX can write output files, via the <code class="code">\openout</code> primitive; this opens
-a security hole vulnerable to Trojan horse attack: an unwitting user could
-run a TeX program that overwrites, say, <samp class="file">~/.rhosts</samp>. Analogous
-security holes exist for many other programs. To alleviate this, there is a
-configuration variable <code class="code">openout_any</code>, which selects one of three levels
-of security. When it is set to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">a</samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;any&rdquo;), no restrictions are
-imposed. When it is set to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">r</samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;restricted&rdquo;), filenames
-beginning with &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.</samp>&rsquo; are disallowed (except <samp class="file">.tex</samp> because LaTeX
-needs it). When it is set to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">p</samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;paranoid&rdquo;) additional
-restrictions are imposed: an absolute filename must refer to a file in (a
-subdirectory) of <code class="code">TEXMFOUTPUT</code>, and any attempt to go up a directory
-level is forbidden (that is, paths may not contain a &lsquo;<samp class="samp">..</samp>&rsquo; component).
-The paranoid setting is the default. (For backwards compatibility, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">y</samp>&rsquo;
-and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">1</samp>&rsquo; are synonyms of &lsquo;<samp class="samp">a</samp>&rsquo;, while &lsquo;<samp class="samp">n</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">0</samp>&rsquo; are
-synonyms for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">r</samp>&rsquo;.) The function <code class="code">kpathsea_out_name_ok</code>, with a
-filename as second argument, returns <code class="code">true</code> if that filename is
-acceptable to be opend for output or <code class="code">false</code> otherwise.
-
-</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok"></a>
-Similarly, the function <code class="code">kpathsea_in_name_ok</code>, with a filename as
-second argument, returns <code class="code">true</code> if that filename is acceptable to be
-opend for input or <code class="code">false</code> otherwise, depending on the value of the
-configuration variable <code class="code">openin_any</code> (with &lsquo;<samp class="samp">a</samp>&rsquo; as default).
-
</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005ffinish"></a>
-To close the kpathsea library instance you are using, call
+To close the Kpathsea library instance you are using, call
<code class="code">kpathsea_finish</code>. This function closes any open log files and
frees the memory used by the instance.
@@ -3632,8 +3676,7 @@ frees the memory used by the instance.
tables, memory allocation, string concatenation and copying, string
lists, reading input lines of arbitrary length, etc. Others are
filename-related: default path, tilde, and variable expansion,
-<code class="code">stat</code> calls, etc. (Perhaps someday I&rsquo;ll move the former to a
-separate library.)
+<code class="code">stat</code> calls, etc.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-c_002d_002a_002eh"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-autoconf_002c-recommended"></a>
@@ -3646,12 +3689,131 @@ They are available from <a class="url" href="https://gnu.org/software">https://g
<hr>
</div>
+<div class="section-level-extent" id="Safe-filenames">
+<div class="nav-panel">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Program_002dspecific-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Program-specific files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Calling-sequence" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Calling sequence</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="section" id="Safe-filenames-1"><span>7.3 Safe filenames<a class="copiable-link" href="#Safe-filenames-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
+
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-openout_005fany"></a>
+<a class="anchor" id="openout_005fany"></a><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-trojan-horse"></a>
+<p>See <a class="xref" href="#Security">Security</a>, for some general security considerations with the
+TeX system.
+</p>
+<p>In the implementation, the main security feature to disallow writing
+to potentially dangerous files is a configuration variable
+<code class="code">openout_any</code>. It specifies one of three levels:
+</p>
+<ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
+<li><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-unrestricted-mode_002c-for-output-files"></a>
+When set to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">a</samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;any&rdquo;), no restrictions are imposed.
+
+</li><li><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-restricted-mode_002c-for-output-files"></a>
+When is set to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">r</samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;restricted&rdquo;), filenames beginning
+with &lsquo;<samp class="samp">.</samp>&rsquo; are disallowed (except <samp class="file">.tex</samp>, because LaTeX
+needs it).
+
+</li><li><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-paranoid-mode_002c-for-output-files"></a>
+When set to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">p</samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;paranoid&rdquo;), additional restrictions are
+imposed.
+
+<ol class="enumerate">
+<li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMF_005fOUTPUT_005fDIRECTORY_002c-and-paranoid-output-files"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-and-paranoid-output-files"></a>
+First, an absolute filename must refer to a file in (or in a
+subdirectory of) either the <code class="code">TEXMF_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY</code> environment
+variable or the <code class="code">TEXMFOUTPUT</code> environment variable or
+configuration file setting.
+
+</li><li> <a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFSYSVAR"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TEXMFVAR-1"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-luaotfload"></a>
+LuaTeX uses a so-called &ldquo;extended&rdquo; mode, in which the values of
+<code class="code">TEXMFVAR</code> and <code class="code">TEXMFSYSVAR</code> are also checked for absolute
+filenames. This is done because, in practice, fundamental parts of
+the LuaLaTeX system (notably <code class="code">luaotfload</code>) need a cache
+directory, and historically the <code class="code">TEXMF[SYS]VAR</code> variables are
+what has been used. We neither recommend nor expect any other programs
+to need this.
+
+</li><li> Finally, any attempt to go up a directory level is forbidden; that is,
+paths may not contain a &lsquo;<samp class="samp">..</samp>&rsquo; component.
+
+</li></ol>
+</li></ul>
+
+<p>The paranoid setting is the default. Any program intended to be safely
+called from TeX should implement the same measures, one way or
+another. See <a data-manual="web2c" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a> in <cite class="cite">Web2c</cite>.
+</p>
+<p>Kpathsea does not resolve &lsquo;<samp class="samp">..</samp>&rsquo; components, or symbolic links, to
+see if the final result is an acceptable directory; they are simply
+forbidden. That is, Kpathsea merely considers the value as a string,
+not looking on the filesystem at all. (However, if another program
+wants to do such resolutions and check the result, that&rsquo;s ok.)
+</p>
+<p>For backwards compatibility, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">y</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">1</samp>&rsquo; are synonyms of
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">a</samp>&rsquo;, while &lsquo;<samp class="samp">n</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp class="samp">0</samp>&rsquo; are synonyms for &lsquo;<samp class="samp">r</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok"></a>
+<p>The function <code class="code">kpathsea_out_name_ok</code>, with a filename as second
+argument, returns <code class="code">true</code> if that filename is acceptable to be
+opened for output or <code class="code">false</code> otherwise. The Kpsewhich program
+has an option (&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--safe-out-name</samp>&rsquo;) providing a command line
+interface for the check.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok_005fextended"></a>
+<p>For LuaTeX&rsquo;s extended mode, the function is
+<code class="code">kpathsea_out_name_ok_extended</code>, and the Kpsewhich option is
+&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--safe-extended-out-name</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok_005fextended"></a>
+<p>Similarly, the function <code class="code">kpathsea_in_name_ok</code> (resp.
+<code class="code">_extended</code>, with a filename as second argument, returns
+<code class="code">true</code> if that filename is acceptable to be opend for input or
+<code class="code">false</code> otherwise, depending on the value of the configuration
+variable <code class="code">openin_any</code>. Unfortunately, for reading, &lsquo;<samp class="samp">a</samp>&rsquo; is
+the default default; too many system directories and files get
+involved to make &lsquo;<samp class="samp">r</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp class="samp">p</samp>&rsquo; feasible.
+</p>
+<p>The functions above write a message to standard error if the usage is
+forbidden (so every caller does not have to do so). Each function has
+a <code class="code">_silent</code> counterpart which does not write the message; this is
+what Kpsewhich calls, since messages would be counterproductive in
+that case. Thus:
+</p>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok_005fsilent"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok_005fsilent_005fextended"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok_005fsilent"></a>
+<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok_005fsilent_005fextended"></a>
+
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example-preformatted">kpathsea_out_name_ok_silent
+kpathsea_out_name_ok_silent_extended
+kpathsea_in_name_ok_silent
+kpathsea_in_name_ok_silent_extended
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Furthermore, there are <code class="code">kpse_...</code> versions of all the above
+functions (as usual), with the default library instance implicitly
+passed as the first argument. LuaTeX provides both <code class="code">kpse.*</code>
+and <code class="code">kpathsea.*</code> bindings, so it&rsquo;s good to always have both.
+</p>
+<p>Sorry for the combinatorial explosion, but we hope no further options
+will ever be needed. If so, we&rsquo;ll likely provide a more generic
+interface as well as the above.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Program_002dspecific-files">
<div class="nav-panel">
<p>
-Next: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Programming with config files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Calling-sequence" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Calling sequence</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+Next: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Programming with config files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Safe-filenames" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Safe filenames</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Program_002dspecific-files-1">7.3 Program-specific files</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Program_002dspecific-files-1"><span>7.4 Program-specific files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Program_002dspecific-files-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<p>Many programs will need to find some configuration files. Kpathsea
contains some support to make it easy to place them in their own
@@ -3679,7 +3841,7 @@ mode.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Program_002dspecific-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Program-specific files</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Programming-with-config-files-1">7.4 Programming with config files</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Programming-with-config-files-1"><span>7.5 Programming with config files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Programming-with-config-files-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-programming-with-config-files"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-config-files_002c-programming-with"></a>
@@ -3728,7 +3890,7 @@ with the string <var class="var">var</var>.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#Programming" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Programming</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Kpathsea library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="chapter" id="Reporting-bugs-1">8 Reporting bugs</h2>
+<h2 class="chapter" id="Reporting-bugs-1"><span>8 Reporting bugs<a class="copiable-link" href="#Reporting-bugs-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-reporting-bugs"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bugs_002c-reporting"></a>
@@ -3757,7 +3919,7 @@ wrong fonts, &hellip;
<p>
Next: <a href="#Mailing-lists" accesskey="n" rel="next">Mailing lists</a>, Up: <a href="#Reporting-bugs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Reporting bugs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Bug-checklist-1">8.1 Bug checklist</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Bug-checklist-1"><span>8.1 Bug checklist<a class="copiable-link" href="#Bug-checklist-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-checklist-for-bug-reports"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bug-checklist"></a>
@@ -3852,7 +4014,7 @@ diagnosing, or fixing the bug.
<p>
Next: <a href="#Debugging" accesskey="n" rel="next">Debugging</a>, Previous: <a href="#Bug-checklist" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bug checklist</a>, Up: <a href="#Reporting-bugs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Reporting bugs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Mailing-lists-1">8.2 Mailing lists</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Mailing-lists-1"><span>8.2 Mailing lists<a class="copiable-link" href="#Mailing-lists-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mailing-lists"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bug-mailing-list"></a>
@@ -3880,7 +4042,7 @@ full TeX system or how to use LaTeX, please see
<p>
Next: <a href="#Logging" accesskey="n" rel="next">Logging</a>, Previous: <a href="#Mailing-lists" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Mailing lists</a>, Up: <a href="#Reporting-bugs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Reporting bugs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Debugging-1">8.3 Debugging</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Debugging-1"><span>8.3 Debugging<a class="copiable-link" href="#Debugging-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-debugging"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-runtime-debugging"></a>
@@ -3917,7 +4079,7 @@ which particular values will yield the output you need.
<p>Debugging output always goes to standard error, so you can redirect it
easily. For example, in Bourne-compatible shells:
</p><div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">dvips -d -1 &hellip; 2&gt;/tmp/debug
+<pre class="example-preformatted">dvips -d -1 ... 2&gt;/tmp/debug
</pre></div>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Kpsewhich_002c-and-debugging"></a>
@@ -3930,7 +4092,7 @@ somebody&rsquo;s numbers. (Sorry.) To set more than one option, just sum
the corresponding numbers.
</p>
<dl class="vtable">
-<dt id='index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_00281_0029'><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_STAT <span class="r">(1)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_00281_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_00281_0029"></a><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_STAT <span class="r">(1)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_00281_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Report &lsquo;<samp class="samp">stat</samp>&rsquo;(2) calls. This is useful for verifying that your
directory structure is not forcing Kpathsea to do many additional file
tests (see <a class="pxref" href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a>, and see <a class="pxref" href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>). If you are using an up-to-date <samp class="file">ls-R</samp> database
@@ -3938,7 +4100,7 @@ tests (see <a class="pxref" href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a>,
nonexistent file that must exist is searched for.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_00282_0029'><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_HASH <span class="r">(2)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_00282_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_00282_0029"></a><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_HASH <span class="r">(2)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_00282_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Report lookups in all hash tables: <samp class="file">ls-R</samp> and <samp class="file">aliases</samp>
(see <a class="pxref" href="#Filename-database">Filename database (<code class="code">ls-R</code>)</a>); font aliases (see <a class="pxref" href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>); and config
file values (see <a class="pxref" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>). Useful when expected values are not
@@ -3946,7 +4108,7 @@ being found, e.g.., file searches are looking at the disk instead of
using <samp class="file">ls-R</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_00284_0029'><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN <span class="r">(4)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_00284_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_00284_0029"></a><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN <span class="r">(4)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_00284_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fopen_002c-redefined"></a>
<p>Report file openings and closings. Especially useful when your system&rsquo;s
file table is full, for seeing which files have been opened but never
@@ -3955,7 +4117,7 @@ redefining &lsquo;<samp class="samp">fopen</samp>&rsquo; (&lsquo;<samp class="sa
(&lsquo;<samp class="samp">kpse_fclose_trace</samp>&rsquo;).
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_00288_0029'><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS <span class="r">(8)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_00288_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_00288_0029"></a><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS <span class="r">(8)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_00288_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo_005ftype"></a>
<p>Report general path information for each file type Kpathsea is asked to
search. This is useful when you are trying to track down how a
@@ -3965,13 +4127,13 @@ contents of the <code class="code">kpse_format_info_type</code> structure define
<samp class="file">tex-file.h</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_002816_0029'><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND <span class="r">(16)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_002816_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_002816_0029"></a><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND <span class="r">(16)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_002816_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Report the directory list corresponding to each path element Kpathsea
searches. This is only relevant when Kpathsea searches the disk, since
<samp class="file">ls-R</samp> searches don&rsquo;t look through directory lists in this way.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_002832_0029'><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH <span class="r">(32)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_002832_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_002832_0029"></a><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH <span class="r">(32)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_002832_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Report on each file search: the name of the file searched for, the path
searched in, whether or not the file must exist (when drivers search for
<samp class="file">cmr10.vf</samp>, it need not exist), and whether or not we are
@@ -3981,16 +4143,16 @@ most lookups). This can help you correlate what Kpathsea is doing with
what is in your input file.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_002864_0029'><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_VARS <span class="r">(64)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_002864_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_002864_0029"></a><span><code class="code">KPSE_DEBUG_VARS <span class="r">(64)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_002864_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Report the value of each variable Kpathsea looks up. This is useful for
verifying that variables do indeed obtain their correct values.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0028128_0029'><span><code class="code">GSFTOPK_DEBUG <span class="r">(128)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0028128_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0028128_0029"></a><span><code class="code">GSFTOPK_DEBUG <span class="r">(128)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0028128_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Activates debugging printout specific to <code class="code">gsftopk</code> program.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0028512_0029'><span><code class="code">MAKETEX_DEBUG <span class="r">(512)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0028512_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0028512_0029"></a><span><code class="code">MAKETEX_DEBUG <span class="r">(512)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0028512_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>If you use the optional <code class="code">mktex</code> programs instead of the
traditional shell scripts, this will report the name of the site file
(<samp class="file">mktex.cnf</samp> by default) which is read, directories created by
@@ -4000,7 +4162,7 @@ parameters from <code class="code">mktexnam</code>, filenames added by
<code class="code">mktexupd</code>, and some subsidiary commands run by the programs.
</p>
</dd>
-<dt id='index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_00281024_0029'><span><code class="code">MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG <span class="r">(1024)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_00281024_0029'> &para;</a></span></dt>
+<dt><a id="index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_00281024_0029"></a><span><code class="code">MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG <span class="r">(1024)</span></code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_00281024_0029"> &para;</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>When the optional <code class="code">mktex</code> programs are used, this will print
additional debugging info from functions internal to these programs.
</p></dd>
@@ -4023,7 +4185,7 @@ variable in <samp class="file">kpathsea/db.c</samp>.)
<p>
Next: <a href="#Common-problems" accesskey="n" rel="next">Common problems</a>, Previous: <a href="#Debugging" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Debugging</a>, Up: <a href="#Reporting-bugs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Reporting bugs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Logging-1">8.4 Logging</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Logging-1"><span>8.4 Logging<a class="copiable-link" href="#Logging-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-log-file"></a>
@@ -4084,7 +4246,7 @@ else.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Logging" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Logging</a>, Up: <a href="#Reporting-bugs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Reporting bugs</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="section" id="Common-problems-1">8.5 Common problems</h3>
+<h3 class="section" id="Common-problems-1"><span>8.5 Common problems<a class="copiable-link" href="#Common-problems-1"> &para;</a></span></h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-common-problems"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-problems_002c-common"></a>
@@ -4106,7 +4268,7 @@ execution, &hellip;
<p>
Next: <a href="#Slow-path-searching" accesskey="n" rel="next">Slow path searching</a>, Up: <a href="#Common-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Common problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Unable-to-find-files-1">8.5.1 Unable to find files</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Unable-to-find-files-1"><span>8.5.1 Unable to find files<a class="copiable-link" href="#Unable-to-find-files-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-unable-to-find-files"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-files_002c-unable-to-find"></a>
@@ -4168,7 +4330,7 @@ fonts by hand with Metafont, or to grab them from a CTAN site
<p>
Next: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">Unable to generate fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Unable to find files</a>, Up: <a href="#Common-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Common problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Slow-path-searching-1">8.5.2 Slow path searching</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Slow-path-searching-1"><span>8.5.2 Slow path searching<a class="copiable-link" href="#Slow-path-searching-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-excessive-startup-time"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-slow-startup-time"></a>
@@ -4207,7 +4369,7 @@ precisely when the disk or network is being pounded. See <a class="xref" href="
<p>
Next: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing" accesskey="n" rel="next">TeX or Metafont failing</a>, Previous: <a href="#Slow-path-searching" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Slow path searching</a>, Up: <a href="#Common-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Common problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="Unable-to-generate-fonts-1">8.5.3 Unable to generate fonts</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="Unable-to-generate-fonts-1"><span>8.5.3 Unable to generate fonts<a class="copiable-link" href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-unable-to-generate-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-generation-failures"></a>
@@ -4287,7 +4449,7 @@ need to install Metafont (see <a class="pxref" href="#unixtex_002eftp"><samp cla
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Unable to generate fonts</a>, Up: <a href="#Common-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Common problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h4 class="subsection" id="TeX-or-Metafont-failing-1">8.5.4 TeX or Metafont failing</h4>
+<h4 class="subsection" id="TeX-or-Metafont-failing-1"><span>8.5.4 TeX or Metafont failing<a class="copiable-link" href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing-1"> &para;</a></span></h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-TeX-failures"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Metafont-failures"></a>
@@ -4325,34 +4487,34 @@ through TeX&rsquo;s (or whatever program&rsquo;s) data structures. Good luck.
<p>
Previous: <a href="#Reporting-bugs" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Reporting bugs</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Kpathsea library</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-<h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1">Index</h2>
+<h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1"><span>Index<a class="copiable-link" href="#Index-1"> &para;</a></span></h2>
<div class="printindex cp-printindex">
-<table class="cp-letters-header-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>!</b></a>
+<table class="cp-letters-header-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>-</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>$</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>;</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>-</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>:</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>.</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>!</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>/</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>.</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>2</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>{</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>8</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>/</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>:</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>\</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>;</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>=</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>=</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>~</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>\</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>$</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>2</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>~</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>8</b></a>
&nbsp;
<br>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
@@ -4405,770 +4567,795 @@ Previous: <a href="#Reporting-bugs" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Reporting bugs</a>,
&nbsp;
</td></tr></table>
<table class="cp-entries-printindex" border="0">
-<tr><td></td><th class="entries-header-printindex">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th class="sections-header-printindex"> Section</th></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">!</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021_0021-and-casefolding"><code>!! <span class="r">and casefolding</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021_0021-in-path-specifications"><code>!! <span class="r">in path specifications</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021_0021-in-TEXMFDBS"><code>!! <span class="r">in <code class="code">TEXMFDBS</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-2">$</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0024-expansion"><code>$ <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-3">-</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dall"><code>--all</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dcasefold_002dsearch"><code>--casefold-search</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dcnf_002dline"><code>--cnf-line</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dcnf_002dline_002c-source-for-path"><code>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--cnf-line</samp>&rsquo;, source for path</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dcolor_003dtty"><code>--color=tty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002ddebug_003dnum"><code>--debug=<var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002ddpi_003dnum"><code>--dpi=<var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dengine_003dname"><code>--engine=<var class="var">name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003dstring"><code>--expand-braces=<var class="var">string</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003dstring"><code>--expand-path=<var class="var">string</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003dstring"><code>--expand-var=<var class="var">string</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dformat_003dname"><code>--format=<var class="var">name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp"><code>--help</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp_002dformats"><code>--help-formats</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dinteractive"><code>--interactive</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dmktex_003dfiletype"><code>--mktex=<var class="var">filetype</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dmode_003dstring"><code>--mode=<var class="var">string</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dmust_002dexist"><code>--must-exist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dcasefold_002dsearch"><code>--no-casefold-search</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dmktex_003dfiletype"><code>--no-mktex=<var class="var">filetype</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dpath_003dstring"><code>--path=<var class="var">string</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dprogname_003dname"><code>--progname=<var class="var">name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dsafe_002din_002dname_003dname"><code>--safe-in-name=<var class="var">name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dsafe_002dout_002dname_003dname"><code>--safe-out-name=<var class="var">name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003dname"><code>--show-path=<var class="var">name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dsubdir_003dstring"><code>--subdir=<var class="var">string</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dvar_002dbrace_002dvalue_003dvariable"><code>--var-brace-value=<var class="var">variable</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003dvariable"><code>--var-value=<var class="var">variable</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion"><code>--version</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwith_002dmktextex_002ddefault"><code>--with-mktextex-default</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexfmt_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexfmt-default</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexmf_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexmf-default</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexocp_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexocp-default</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexofm_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexofm-default</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexpk_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexpk-default</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktextfm_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktextfm-default</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d1-debugging-value"><code>-1 <span class="r">debugging value</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dA-option-to-ls"><code>-A <span class="r">option to <code class="code">ls</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dD-num"><code>-D <var class="var">num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002diname_002c-find-predicate"><code>-iname<span class="r">, find predicate</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dL-option-to-ls"><code>-L <span class="r">option to <code class="code">ls</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-4">.</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002e-directories_002c-ignored"><code>. <span class="r">directories, ignored</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002e-files"><code>. <span class="r">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002e2602gf"><code>.2602gf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eafm"><code>.afm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ebase"><code>.base</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ebib"><code>.bib</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ebltxml"><code>.bltxml</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ebst"><code>.bst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ecid"><code>.cid</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ecmap"><code>.cmap</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ecnf"><code>.cnf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002edll"><code>.dll</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eenc"><code>.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eeps"><code>.eps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eepsi"><code>.epsi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002efea"><code>.fea</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002efmt"><code>.fmt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eist"><code>.ist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elig"><code>.lig</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elua"><code>.lua</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eluatex"><code>.luatex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eluc"><code>.luc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eluctex"><code>.luctex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emap"><code>.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emem"><code>.mem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emf"><code>.mf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emft"><code>.mft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emlbib"><code>.mlbib</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emlbst"><code>.mlbst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emp"><code>.mp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eocp"><code>.ocp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eofm"><code>.ofm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eopl"><code>.opl</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eotp"><code>.otp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eovf"><code>.ovf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eovp"><code>.ovp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfa"><code>.pfa</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfb"><code>.pfb</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epk"><code>.pk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epool"><code>.pool</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epool-1"><code>.pool</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epool-2"><code>.pool</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epro"><code>.pro</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eprogname-qualifier-in-texmf_002ecnf"><code>.<var class="var">progname</var> <span class="r">qualifier in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002erhosts_002c-writable-by-TeX"><code>.rhosts<span class="r">, writable by TeX</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eris"><code>.ris</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002esfd"><code>.sfd</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eso"><code>.so</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etex"><code>.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etex-file_002c-included-in-ls_002dR"><code>.tex <span class="r">file, included in <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etexlua"><code>.texlua</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etexluc"><code>.texluc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etfm"><code>.tfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etlu"><code>.tlu</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ettc"><code>.ttc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ettf"><code>.ttf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002evf"><code>.vf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ew"><code>.w</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eweb"><code>.web</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eweb-1"><code>.web</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-5">/</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f-may-not-be-_002f"><code>/ <span class="r">may not be /</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f_002c-trailing-in-home-directory"><code>/<span class="r">, trailing in home directory</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f_002f"><code>//</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fetc_002fprofile"><code>/etc/profile</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fetc_002fprofile-and-aliases"><code>/etc/profile <span class="r">and aliases</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fvar_002ftmp_002ftexfonts"><code>/var/tmp/texfonts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-6">2</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-2602gf"><code>2602gf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-7">8</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-8_002e3-filenames_002c-using">8.3 filenames, using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-8">:</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003a-may-not-be-_003a"><code>: <span class="r">may not be :</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003a_003a-expansion"><code>:: <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-9">;</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003b-translated-to-_003a-in-texmf_002ecnf"><code>; <span class="r">translated to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">:</samp>&rsquo; in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-10">=</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003d-omitted-in-texmf_002ecnf-and-misparsing"><code>= <span class="r">omitted in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp> and misparsing</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-11">\</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002c-line-continuation-in-texmf_002ecnf"><code>\<span class="r">, line continuation in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005copenin"><code>\openin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspecial_002c-suppressing-warnings-about"><code>\special<span class="r">, suppressing warnings about</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-12">{</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007b-expansion"><code>{ <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-13">~</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007e-expansion"><code>~ <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-filenames">absolute filenames</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-access-system-call"><code>access <span class="r">system call</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-access-warnings">access warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-AFMFONTS"><code>AFMFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts">aliases for fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-aliases_002c-for-filenames">aliases, for filenames</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-all"><code>all</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-all-matches_002c-finding">all matches, finding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-alphabetical-order_002c-not">alphabetical order, not</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-announcement-mailing-list">announcement mailing list</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-API_002c-re_002dentrant">API, re-entrant</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-append_002donly-directories-and-mktexpk">append-only directories and <code class="code">mktexpk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-appendonlydir"><code>appendonlydir</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Apple-filesystem_002c-case_002dinsensitive">Apple filesystem, case-insensitive</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arguments-to-mktex">arguments to <samp class="file">mktex</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-argv_005b0_005d"><code>argv[0]</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-autoconf_002c-recommended"><code>autoconf<span class="r">, recommended</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-automounter_002c-and-ls_002dR">automounter, and <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-auxiliary-tasks">auxiliary tasks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Bach_002c-Johann-Sebastian">Bach, Johann Sebastian</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-backslash_002dnewline">backslash-newline</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-basic-glyph-lookup">basic glyph lookup</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl">Berry, Karl</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS"><code>BIBINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS-1"><code>BIBINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-texmf_002ecnf">blank lines, in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BLTXMLINPUTS"><code>BLTXMLINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-brace-expansion">brace expansion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter">Breitenlohner, Peter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS"><code>BSTINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS-1"><code>BSTINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bug-address">bug address</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bug-checklist">bug checklist</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bug-mailing-list">bug mailing list</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bugs_002c-reporting">bugs, reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-c_002d_002a_002eh"><code>c-*.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-c_002dauto_002eh"><code>c-auto.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cache-of-fonts_002c-local">cache of fonts, local</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-calling-sequence">calling sequence</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-casefolding-examples">casefolding examples</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-casefolding-fallback-rationale">casefolding fallback rationale</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-casefolding-search">casefolding search</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-search">Casefolding search</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ChangeLog-entry"><code>ChangeLog <span class="r">entry</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-checklist-for-bug-reports">checklist for bug reports</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-checksum"><code>checksum</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circle-fonts">circle fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-client_005fpath-in-kpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo"><code>client_path <span class="r">in <code class="code">kpse-&gt;format_info</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CLUAINPUTS"><code>CLUAINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CMAPFONTS"><code>CMAPFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cmr10_002c-as-fallback-font"><code>cmr10<span class="r">, as fallback font</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cmr10_002evf"><code>cmr10.vf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cnf_002ec"><code>cnf.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cnf_002eh"><code>cnf.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-fontmap-files">comments, in fontmap files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-texmf_002ecnf">comments, in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-making">comments, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-common-features-in-glyph-lookup">common features in glyph lookup</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-common-problems">common problems</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compilation-value_002c-source-for-path">compilation value, source for path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compiler-bugs">compiler bugs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compiler-bugs_002c-finding">compiler bugs, finding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-conditions-for-use">conditions for use</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config-files">config files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config-files_002c-for-Kpathsea_002dusing-programs">config files, for Kpathsea-using programs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config-files_002c-programming-with">config files, programming with</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eh"><code>config.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002elog"><code>config.log</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps"><code>config.ps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps_002c-search-path-for"><code>config.ps<span class="r">, search path for</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002estatus"><code>config.status</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-bugs">configuration bugs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file_002c-source-for-path">configuration file, source for path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-of-mktex-scripts">configuration of <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configure-options-for-mktex-scripts"><code class="code">configure</code> options for <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-context-diff">context diff</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-continuation-character">continuation character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-core-dumps_002c-reporting">core dumps, reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-crashes_002c-reporting">crashes, reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CWEBINPUTS"><code>CWEBINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-database-search">database search</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-database_002c-for-filenames">database, for filenames</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-database_002c-format-of">database, format of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debug_002eh"><code>debug.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugger">debugger</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging">debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-options_002c-in-Kpathsea_002dusing-program">debugging options, in Kpathsea-using program</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-output">debugging output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-default-expansion">default expansion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes"><code>default_texsizes</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-device_002c-wrong">device, wrong</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-directories_002c-making-append_002donly">directories, making append-only</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-directory-permissions">directory permissions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-directory-structure_002c-for-TeX-files">directory structure, for TeX files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-disabling-mktex-scripts">disabling <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-disk-search">disk search</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-disk-searching_002c-avoiding">disk searching, avoiding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-disk-usage_002c-reducing">disk usage, reducing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-doc-files"><code>doc files</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DOS-compatible-names">DOS compatible names</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dosnames"><code>dosnames</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot-files">dot files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-doubled-colons">doubled colons</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dpinnn-directories"><code>dpi<var class="var">nnn</var> directories</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVILJMAKEPK"><code>DVILJMAKEPK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVILJSIZES"><code>DVILJSIZES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvipdfmx_002ecfg"><code>dvipdfmx.cfg</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-files">dynamic creation of files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EC-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation">EC fonts, and dynamic source creation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-elt_002ddirs_002ec"><code>elt-dirs.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-1"><code>elt-dirs.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enabling-mktex-scripts">enabling <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ENCFONTS"><code>ENCFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-engine-name">engine name</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variable_002c-source-for-path">environment variable, source for path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variables-for-TeX">environment variables for TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variables-in-paths">environment variables in paths</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variables_002c-old">environment variables, old</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-epoch_002c-seconds-since">epoch, seconds since</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-error-message-macros">error message macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-examples_002c-of-casefolding-searches">examples, of casefolding searches</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-excessive-startup-time">excessive startup time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expand_002ec"><code>expand.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expanding-symlinks">expanding symlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-default">expansion, default</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-path-element">expansion, path element</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-search-path">expansion, search path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-subdirectory">expansion, subdirectory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-tilde">expansion, tilde</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-variable">expansion, variable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-explicitly-relative-filenames">explicitly relative filenames</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extensions_002c-filename">extensions, filename</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-externally_002dbuilt-filename-database">externally-built filename database</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extra-colons">extra colons</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failed-mktex_2026-script-invocation">failed <code class="code">mktex&hellip;</code> script invocation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fallback-font">fallback font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions">fallback resolutions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FAQ_002c-Kpathsea">FAQ, Kpathsea</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Farwell_002c-Matthew">Farwell, Matthew</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file-formats_002c-supported">file formats, supported</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file-lookup">file lookup</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file-permissions">file permissions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file-types_002c-registering-new">file types, registering new</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filename-aliases">filename aliases</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filename-database">filename database</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filenames_002c-absolute-or-explicitly-relative">filenames, absolute or explicitly relative</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-files_002c-unable-to-find">files, unable to find</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filesystem-search">filesystem search</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filesystem_002c-case_002d_0028in_0029sensitive">filesystem, case-(in)sensitive</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Findutils_002c-GNU-package">Findutils, GNU package</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-floating-directories">floating directories</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fmtutil"><code>fmtutil</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fmtutil_002ecnf"><code>fmtutil.cnf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fmtutils_002ecnf"><code>fmtutils.cnf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-alias-files">font alias files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-generation-failures">font generation failures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-of-last-resort">font of last resort</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-set_002c-infinite">font set, infinite</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FONTCIDMAPS"><code>FONTCIDMAPS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FONTFEATURES"><code>FONTFEATURES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontmap-files">fontmap files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontmaps-1"><code>fontmaps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontmaps">fontmaps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontname">fontname</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontnames_002c-arbitrary-length">fontnames, arbitrary length</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FOOINPUTS"><code>FOOINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FOOINPUTS-1"><code>FOOINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fopen_002c-redefined"><code>fopen<span class="r">, redefined</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-format-of-external-database">format of external database</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ftp_002ecs_002estanford_002eedu"><code>ftp.cs.stanford.edu</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ftp_002etug_002eorg"><code>ftp.tug.org</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fundamental-purpose-of-Kpathsea">fundamental purpose of Kpathsea</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gdb_002c-recommended"><code>gdb<span class="r">, recommended</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gf"><code>gf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GFFONTS"><code>GFFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-globally-writable-directories">globally writable directories</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glyph-lookup">glyph lookup</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glyph-lookup-bitmap-tolerance">glyph lookup bitmap tolerance</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS-1"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glyphlist_002etxt"><code>glyphlist.txt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GNU-C-compiler-bugs">GNU C compiler bugs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GNU-General-Public-License">GNU General Public License</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-group_002dwritable-directories">group-writable directories</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0028128_0029"><code>GSFTOPK_DEBUG <span class="r">(128)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hash-table-buckets_002c-printing">hash table buckets, printing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hash-table-routines">hash table routines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hash_005fsummary_005fonly-variable-for-debugging"><code>hash_summary_only <span class="r">variable for debugging</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-history-of-Kpathsea">history of Kpathsea</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Hoekwater_002c-Taco">Hoekwater, Taco</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-home-directories-in-paths">home directories in paths</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-HOME_002c-as-_007e-expansion"><code>HOME<span class="r">, as ~ expansion</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-identifiers_002c-characters-valid-in">identifiers, characters valid in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-include-fontmap-directive"><code>include <span class="r">fontmap directive</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-INDEXSTYLE"><code>INDEXSTYLE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input-lines_002c-reading">input lines, reading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interactive-query">interactive query</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interface_002c-not-frozen">interface, not frozen</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-introduction">introduction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-K">K</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kdebug_003a">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">kdebug:</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kdefault_002ec"><code>kdefault.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e">Knuth, Donald E.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-archive-of-programs-by">Knuth, Donald E., archive of programs by</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Kpathsea-config-file_002c-source-for-path">Kpathsea config file, source for path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_002eh"><code>kpathsea.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fcnf_005fget"><code>kpathsea_cnf_get</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-1"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005ffile"><code>kpathsea_find_file</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005ffile-1"><code>kpathsea_find_file</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005fglyph"><code>kpathsea_find_glyph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffinish"><code>kpathsea_finish</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005finit_005fprog"><code>kpathsea_init_prog</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005finit_005fprog-1"><code>kpathsea_init_prog</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok"><code>kpathsea_in_name_ok</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fnew"><code>kpathsea_new</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fopen_005ffile"><code>kpathsea_open_file</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok"><code>kpathsea_out_name_ok</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fset_005fprogram_005fname"><code>kpathsea_set_program_name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fvar_005fvalue"><code>kpathsea_var_value</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fWARNING"><code>KPATHSEA_WARNING</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003edebug"><code>kpse-&gt;debug</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003edebug-1"><code>kpse-&gt;debug</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003edebug-variable"><code>kpse-&gt;debug <span class="r">variable</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo"><code>kpse-&gt;format_info</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003einvocation_005fname"><code>kpse-&gt;invocation_name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003einvocation_005fshort_005fname"><code>kpse-&gt;invocation_short_name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003eprogram_005fname"><code>kpse-&gt;program_name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpsewhich"><code>kpsewhich</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Kpsewhich_002c-and-debugging">Kpsewhich, and debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fBITMAP_005fTOLERANCE"><code>KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_002816_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND <span class="r">(16)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_00284_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN <span class="r">(4)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_00282_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_HASH <span class="r">(2)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_00288_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS <span class="r">(8)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_002832_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH <span class="r">(32)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_00281_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_STAT <span class="r">(1)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_002864_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_VARS <span class="r">(64)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDOT-expansion"><code>KPSE_DOT <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">KPSE_DOT expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo_005ftype"><code>kpse_format_info_type</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font">last-resort font</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lcircle10"><code>lcircle10</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leading-colons">leading colons</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leaf-directories-wrongly-guessed">leaf directories wrongly guessed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leaf-directory-trick">leaf directory trick</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-license-for-using-the-library">license for using the library</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LIGFONTS"><code>LIGFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lines_002c-reading-arbitrary_002dlength">lines, reading arbitrary-length</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Linux-File-System-Standard">Linux File System Standard</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-local-cache-of-fonts">local cache of fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-log-file">log file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-logging-successful-searches">logging successful searches</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lost_002bfound-directory"><code>lost+found <span class="r">directory</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lostchar"><code>lostchar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ls_002dR"><code>ls-R</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ls_002dR-database-file"><code>ls-R <span class="r">database file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ls_002dR_002c-simplest-build"><code>ls-R<span class="r">, simplest build</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LUAINPUTS"><code>LUAINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Mac-filesystem_002c-case_002dinsensitive">Mac filesystem, case-insensitive</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MacKenzie_002c-David">MacKenzie, David</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MacKenzie_002c-David-1">MacKenzie, David</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magic-characters">magic characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mailing-lists">mailing lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0028512_0029"><code>MAKETEX_DEBUG <span class="r">(512)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_00281024_0029"><code>MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG <span class="r">(1024)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory-allocation-routines">memory allocation routines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-metafont-driver-files">metafont driver files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-failures">Metafont failures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-installation">Metafont installation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-making-too_002dlarge-fonts">Metafont making too-large fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-using-the-wrong-device">Metafont using the wrong device</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MFBASES"><code>MFBASES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MFINPUTS"><code>MFINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MFPOOL"><code>MFPOOL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MFTINPUTS"><code>MFTINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MISCFONTS"><code>MISCFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mismatched-checksum-warnings">mismatched checksum warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-missfont_002elog"><code>missfont.log</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-missing-character-warnings">missing character warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mkocp"><code>mkocp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mkofm"><code>mkofm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex-script-configuration"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> script configuration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex-script-names"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> script names</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex-scripts"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex_002ecnf"><code>mktex.cnf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex_002ecnf-1"><code>mktex.cnf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex_002eopt"><code>mktex.opt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex_002eopt-1"><code>mktex.opt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexdir"><code>mktexdir</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexfmt"><code>mktexfmt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexmf"><code>mktexmf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk"><code>mktexpk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk-can_0027t-guess-mode"><code class="code">mktexpk</code> can&rsquo;t guess mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktextex"><code>mktextex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktextfm"><code>mktextfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MLBIBINPUTS"><code>MLBIBINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MLBSTINPUTS"><code>MLBSTINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mode-directory_002c-omitting">mode directory, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Morgan_002c-Tim">Morgan, Tim</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MPINPUTS"><code>MPINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MPMEMS"><code>MPMEMS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MPPOOL"><code>MPPOOL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MPSUPPORT"><code>MPSUPPORT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MT_005fFEATURES"><code>MT_FEATURES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-TeX-hierarchies">multiple TeX hierarchies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-must-exist">must exist</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-names-for-mktex-scripts">names for <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Neumann_002c-Gustaf">Neumann, Gustaf</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-NFS-and-ls_002dR">NFS and <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nomfdrivers"><code>nomfdrivers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nomode"><code>nomode</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-none"><code>none</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-null-pointers_002c-dereferencing">null pointers, dereferencing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-numeric-debugging-values">numeric debugging values</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-obtaining-TeX">obtaining TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OCPINPUTS"><code>OCPINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OFMFONTS"><code>OFMFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-online-Metafont-display_002c-spurious">online Metafont display, spurious</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OPENTYPEFONTS"><code>OPENTYPEFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-optimization-caveat">optimization caveat</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options-for-debugging">options for debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OTPINPUTS"><code>OTPINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overview-of-path-searching">overview of path searching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overview-of-programming-with-Kpathsea">overview of programming with Kpathsea</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OVFFONTS"><code>OVFFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OVPFONTS"><code>OVPFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-expansion">path expansion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-searching">path searching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-searching-options">path searching options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-overview">path searching, overview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-standalone">path searching, standalone</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-sources">path sources</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pathsearch_002eh"><code>pathsearch.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pc-Pascal-compiler"><code>pc <span class="r">Pascal compiler</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdfglyphlist_002etxt"><code>pdfglyphlist.txt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdftex_002ecfg"><code>pdftex.cfg</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDFTEXCONFIG"><code>PDFTEXCONFIG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdftexconfig_002etex"><code>pdftexconfig.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-permission-denied">permission denied</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-permissions_002c-directory">permissions, directory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-permissions_002c-file">permissions, file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PKFONTS"><code>PKFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-plain_002ebase"><code>plain.base</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-privacy_002c-semblance-of">privacy, semblance of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-problems_002c-common">problems, common</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-proginit_002eh"><code>proginit.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-program_002dvarying-paths">program-varying paths</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-programming-overview">programming overview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-programming-with-config-files">programming with config files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-programming-with-Kpathsea">programming with Kpathsea</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-programs-using-the-library">programs using the library</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-proof-mode">proof mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PSHEADERS"><code>PSHEADERS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pxp-Pascal-preprocessor"><code>pxp <span class="r">Pascal preprocessor</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quoting-variable-values">quoting variable values</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rationale-for-casefolding-fallback">rationale for casefolding fallback</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-re_002dentrant-API">re-entrant API</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-readable"><code>readable</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-lines">reading arbitrary-length lines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-recording-successful-searches">recording successful searches</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-relative-filenames">relative filenames</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reporting-bugs">reporting bugs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resident_002ec"><code>resident.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting">resolution, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolutions_002c-last_002dresort">resolutions, last-resort</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-retrieving-TeX">retrieving TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right_002dhand-side-of-variable-assignments">right-hand side of variable assignments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-RISINPUTS"><code>RISINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tom">Rokicki, Tom</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-root-user"><code class="t">root</code> user</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-runtime-configuration-files">runtime configuration files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-runtime-debugging">runtime debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Sauter-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation">Sauter fonts, and dynamic source creation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scripts-for-file-creation">scripts for file creation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-search-path_002c-defined">search path, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-search_002c-case_002dinsensitive">search, case-insensitive</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-search">Casefolding search</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-for-files">searching for files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-for-glyphs">searching for glyphs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-overview">searching overview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-the-database">searching the database</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-the-disk">searching the disk</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-security-considerations">security considerations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SELFAUTODIR">SELFAUTODIR</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SELFAUTOLOC">SELFAUTOLOC</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SELFAUTOPARENT">SELFAUTOPARENT</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sending-patches">sending patches</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-setgid-scripts">setgid scripts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SFDFONTS"><code>SFDFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-variables">shell variables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell_005fescape_002c-example-for-code"><code>shell_escape<span class="r">, example for code</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-site-overrides-for-mktex_2026">site overrides for <code class="code">mktex&hellip;</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-skeleton-TeX-directory">skeleton TeX directory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slow-startup-time">slow startup time</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-source-files"><code>source files</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sources-for-search-paths">sources for search paths</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-special"><code>special</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stack-trace">stack trace</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standalone-path-searching">standalone path searching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-error-and-debugging-output">standard error and debugging output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-options">standard options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-startup-time_002c-excessive">startup time, excessive</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-string-routines">string routines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-strip"><code>strip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stripsupplier"><code>stripsupplier</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-striptypeface"><code>striptypeface</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-st_005fnlink"><code>st_nlink</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ST_005fNLINK_005fTRICK"><code>ST_NLINK_TRICK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subdirectory-searching">subdirectory searching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-suffixes_002c-filename">suffixes, filename</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-suggestions_002c-making">suggestions, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Sun-2">Sun 2</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting">supplier directory, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-1">supplier directory, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-supported-file-formats">supported file formats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-suppressing-warnings">suppressing warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbolic-links-not-found">symbolic links not found</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbolic-links_002c-and-ls_002dR">symbolic links, and <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symlinks_002c-resolving">symlinks, resolving</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system-C-compiler-bugs">system C compiler bugs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system_002ddependent-casefolding-behavior">system-dependent casefolding behavior</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T1FONTS"><code>T1FONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T1INPUTS"><code>T1INPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T42FONTS"><code>T42FONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tcfmgr_002emap"><code>tcfmgr.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TDS">TDS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-environment-variables">TeX environment variables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-failures">TeX failures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-file-lookup">TeX file lookup</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-glyph-lookup">TeX glyph lookup</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-support">TeX support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-Users-Group">TeX Users Group</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002ec"><code>tex-file.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002eh"><code>tex-file.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002ec"><code>tex-glyph.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002eh"><code>tex-glyph.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dk_0040tug_002eorg"><code>tex-k@tug.org</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dk_0040tug_002eorg-_0028bug-address_0029"><code>tex-k@tug.org <span class="r">(bug address)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002eweb"><code>tex.web</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXBIB"><code>TEXBIB</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXBIB-1"><code>TEXBIB</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXDOCS"><code>TEXDOCS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTMAPS"><code>TEXFONTMAPS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS-1"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS-2"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS-3"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFORMATS"><code>TEXFORMATS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXINDEXSTYLE"><code>TEXINDEXSTYLE</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS-1"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMF"><code>TEXMF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-missing_002c-warning-about"><samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp> missing, warning about</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_002c-and-variable-expansion"><code>texmf.cnf<span class="r">, and variable expansion</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_002c-definition-for"><code>texmf.cnf<span class="r">, definition for</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_002c-source-for-path"><code>texmf.cnf<span class="r">, source for path</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF-1"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS-1"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFINI"><code>TEXMFINI</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFINI-1"><code>TEXMFINI</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFINI-2"><code>TEXMFINI</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFLOG"><code>TEXMFLOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFSCRIPTS"><code>TEXMFSCRIPTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmfvar"><code>texmfvar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFVAR"><code>TEXMFVAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_005fcasefold_005fsearch"><code>texmf_casefold_search</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-search">Casefolding search</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPKS"><code>TEXPKS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPOOL"><code>TEXPOOL</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPSHEADERS"><code>TEXPSHEADERS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPSHEADERS-1"><code>TEXPSHEADERS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXSIZES"><code>TEXSIZES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXSOURCES"><code>TEXSOURCES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH-1"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TFMFONTS"><code>TFMFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde-expansion">tilde expansion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde_002ec"><code>tilde.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-time-system-call"><code>time <span class="r">system call</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tolerance-for-glyph-lookup">tolerance for glyph lookup</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trailing-_002f-in-home-directory">trailing &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo; in home directory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trailing-colons">trailing colons</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-translations_002c-of-path-searching-description">translations, of path searching description</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TRFONTS"><code>TRFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trick-for-detecting-leaf-directories">trick for detecting leaf directories</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trojan-horse-attack">trojan horse attack</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-try_005fstd_005fextension_005ffirst"><code>try_std_extension_first</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TTFONTS"><code>TTFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tug_002eorg"><code>tug.org</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting">typeface directory, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-1">typeface directory, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-U">U</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unable-to-find-files">unable to find files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unable-to-generate-fonts">unable to generate fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uname"><code>uname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unixtex_002eftp"><code>unixtex.ftp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unknown-special-warnings">unknown special warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unreadable-file-warnings">unreadable file warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unreadable-files">unreadable files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unusable-ls_002dR-warning">unusable <samp class="file">ls-R</samp> warning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-usage-patterns_002c-finding">usage patterns, finding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-USERPROFILE_002c-as-_007e-expansion"><code>USERPROFILE<span class="r">, as ~ expansion</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-USE_005fTEXMFVAR"><code>USE_TEXMFVAR</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-USE_005fVARTEXFONTS"><code>USE_VARTEXFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-V">V</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-varfonts"><code>varfonts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-variable-expansion">variable expansion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-variable_002ec"><code>variable.c</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-variable_002eh"><code>variable.h</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VARTEXFONTS"><code>VARTEXFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VAX-11_002f750">VAX 11/750</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-version-numbers_002c-determining">version numbers, determining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-not-found">VF files, not found</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VFFONTS"><code>VFFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Vojta_002c-Paul">Vojta, Paul</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Walsh_002c-Norman">Walsh, Norman</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warning-about-unusable-ls_002dR">warning about unusable <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warning_002c-about-missing-texmf_002ecnf">warning, about missing <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-file-access">warnings, file access</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-WEB2C"><code>WEB2C</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Weber_002c-Olaf">Weber, Olaf</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-WEBINPUTS"><code>WEBINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-fontmap-files">whitespace, in fontmap files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-not-ignored-on-continuation-lines">whitespace, not ignored on continuation lines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Windows-and-casefolding">Windows and casefolding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-www_002etug_002eorg"><code>www.tug.org</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-X">X</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XDvi"><code>XDvi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XDVIFONTS"><code>XDVIFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XDVIMAKEPK"><code>XDVIMAKEPK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XDVISIZES"><code>XDVISIZES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
-<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Z">Z</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-zuhn_002c-david">zuhn, david</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
-<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><th class="entries-header-printindex">Index Entry</th><th class="sections-header-printindex">Section</th></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">-</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dall"><code>--all</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dcasefold_002dsearch"><code>--casefold-search</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dcnf_002dline"><code>--cnf-line</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dcnf_002dline_002c-source-for-path"><code>&lsquo;<samp class="samp">--cnf-line</samp>&rsquo;, source for path</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dcolor_003dtty"><code>--color=tty</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002ddebug_003dnum"><code>--debug=<var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002ddpi_003dnum"><code>--dpi=<var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dengine_003dname"><code>--engine=<var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003dstring"><code>--expand-braces=<var class="var">string</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003dstring"><code>--expand-path=<var class="var">string</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003dstring"><code>--expand-var=<var class="var">string</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dformat_003dname"><code>--format=<var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp"><code>--help</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp_002dformats"><code>--help-formats</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dinteractive"><code>--interactive</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dmktex_003dfiletype"><code>--mktex=<var class="var">filetype</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dmode_003dstring"><code>--mode=<var class="var">string</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dmust_002dexist"><code>--must-exist</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dcasefold_002dsearch"><code>--no-casefold-search</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dno_002dmktex_003dfiletype"><code>--no-mktex=<var class="var">filetype</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dpath_003dstring"><code>--path=<var class="var">string</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dprogname_003dname"><code>--progname=<var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dsafe_002dextended_002din_002dname_003dname"><code>--safe-extended-in-name=<var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dsafe_002dextended_002dout_002dname_003dname"><code>--safe-extended-out-name=<var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dsafe_002din_002dname_003dname"><code>--safe-in-name=<var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dsafe_002dout_002dname_003dname"><code>--safe-out-name=<var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003dname"><code>--show-path=<var class="var">name</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dsubdir_003dstring"><code>--subdir=<var class="var">string</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dvar_002dbrace_002dvalue_003dvariable"><code>--var-brace-value=<var class="var">variable</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003dvariable"><code>--var-value=<var class="var">variable</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion"><code>--version</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwith_002dmktextex_002ddefault"><code>--with-mktextex-default</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexfmt_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexfmt-default</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexmf_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexmf-default</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexocp_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexocp-default</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexofm_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexofm-default</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexpk_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktexpk-default</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d_002dwithout_002dmktextfm_002ddefault"><code>--without-mktextfm-default</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002d1-debugging-value"><code>-1 <span class="r">debugging value</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dA-option-to-ls"><code>-A <span class="r">option to <code class="code">ls</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dD-num"><code>-D <var class="var">num</var></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002diname_002c-find-predicate"><code>-iname<span class="r">, find predicate</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002dL-option-to-ls"><code>-L <span class="r">option to <code class="code">ls</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-2">;</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003b-translated-to-_003a-in-texmf_002ecnf"><code>; <span class="r">translated to &lsquo;<samp class="samp">:</samp>&rsquo; in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-3">:</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003a-may-not-be-_003a"><code>: <span class="r">may not be :</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003a_003a-expansion"><code>:: <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-4">!</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021_0021-and-casefolding"><code>!! <span class="r">and casefolding</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021_0021-in-path-specifications"><code>!! <span class="r">in path specifications</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0021_0021-in-TEXMFDBS"><code>!! <span class="r">in <code class="code">TEXMFDBS</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-5">.</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002e-directories_002c-ignored"><code>. <span class="r">directories, ignored</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002e-files"><code>. <span class="r">files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002e2602gf"><code>.2602gf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eafm"><code>.afm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ebase"><code>.base</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ebib"><code>.bib</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ebltxml"><code>.bltxml</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ebst"><code>.bst</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ecid"><code>.cid</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ecmap"><code>.cmap</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ecnf"><code>.cnf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002edll"><code>.dll</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eenc"><code>.enc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eeps"><code>.eps</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eepsi"><code>.epsi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002efea"><code>.fea</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002efmt"><code>.fmt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eist"><code>.ist</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elig"><code>.lig</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002elua"><code>.lua</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eluatex"><code>.luatex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eluc"><code>.luc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eluctex"><code>.luctex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emap"><code>.map</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emem"><code>.mem</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emf"><code>.mf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emft"><code>.mft</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emlbib"><code>.mlbib</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emlbst"><code>.mlbst</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002emp"><code>.mp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eocp"><code>.ocp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eofm"><code>.ofm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eopl"><code>.opl</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eotp"><code>.otp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eovf"><code>.ovf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eovp"><code>.ovp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfa"><code>.pfa</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epfb"><code>.pfb</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epk"><code>.pk</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epool"><code>.pool</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epool-1"><code>.pool</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epool-2"><code>.pool</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002epro"><code>.pro</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eprofile_002c-_0028un_0029writable-by-TeX"><code>.profile<span class="r">, (un)writable by TeX</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eprogname-qualifier-in-texmf_002ecnf"><code>.<var class="var">progname</var> <span class="r">qualifier in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eris"><code>.ris</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002esfd"><code>.sfd</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eso"><code>.so</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etex"><code>.tex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etex-file_002c-included-in-ls_002dR"><code>.tex <span class="r">file, included in <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etexlua"><code>.texlua</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etexluc"><code>.texluc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etfm"><code>.tfm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002etlu"><code>.tlu</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ettc"><code>.ttc</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ettf"><code>.ttf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002evf"><code>.vf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002ew"><code>.w</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eweb"><code>.web</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002eweb-1"><code>.web</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-6">{</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007b-expansion"><code>{ <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-7">/</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f-may-not-be-_002f"><code>/ <span class="r">may not be /</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f_002c-trailing-in-home-directory"><code>/<span class="r">, trailing in home directory</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002f_002f"><code>//</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fetc_002fprofile"><code>/etc/profile</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fetc_002fprofile-and-aliases"><code>/etc/profile <span class="r">and aliases</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_002fvar_002ftmp_002ftexfonts"><code>/var/tmp/texfonts</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-8">\</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005c_002c-line-continuation-in-texmf_002ecnf"><code>\<span class="r">, line continuation in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005copenin"><code>\openin</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005copenout"><code>\openout</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_005cspecial_002c-suppressing-warnings-about"><code>\special<span class="r">, suppressing warnings about</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-9">=</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_003d-omitted-in-texmf_002ecnf-and-misparsing"><code>= <span class="r">omitted in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp> and misparsing</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-10">~</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_007e-expansion"><code>~ <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-11">$</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-_0024-expansion"><code>$ <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-12">2</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-2602gf"><code>2602gf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-13">8</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-8_002e3-filenames_002c-using">8.3 filenames, using</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-absolute-filenames">absolute filenames</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-access-system-call"><code>access <span class="r">system call</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-access-warnings">access warnings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-AFMFONTS"><code>AFMFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts">aliases for fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-aliases_002c-for-filenames">aliases, for filenames</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-all"><code>all</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-all-matches_002c-finding">all matches, finding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-alphabetical-order_002c-not">alphabetical order, not</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-announcement-mailing-list">announcement mailing list</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-API_002c-re_002dentrant">API, re-entrant</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-append_002donly-directories-and-mktexpk">append-only directories and <code class="code">mktexpk</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-appendonlydir"><code>appendonlydir</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Apple-filesystem_002c-case_002dinsensitive">Apple filesystem, case-insensitive</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-arguments-to-mktex">arguments to <samp class="file">mktex</samp></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-argv_005b0_005d"><code>argv[0]</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-autoconf_002c-recommended"><code>autoconf<span class="r">, recommended</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-automounter_002c-and-ls_002dR">automounter, and <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-auxiliary-tasks">auxiliary tasks</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Bach_002c-Johann-Sebastian">Bach, Johann Sebastian</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-backslash_002dnewline">backslash-newline</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-basic-glyph-lookup">basic glyph lookup</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl">Berry, Karl</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS"><code>BIBINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS-1"><code>BIBINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-texmf_002ecnf">blank lines, in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BLTXMLINPUTS"><code>BLTXMLINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-brace-expansion">brace expansion</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter">Breitenlohner, Peter</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS"><code>BSTINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS-1"><code>BSTINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bug-address">bug address</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bug-checklist">bug checklist</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bug-mailing-list">bug mailing list</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bugs_002c-reporting">bugs, reporting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-c_002d_002a_002eh"><code>c-*.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-c_002dauto_002eh"><code>c-auto.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cache-of-fonts_002c-local">cache of fonts, local</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-calling-sequence">calling sequence</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-casefolding-examples">casefolding examples</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-casefolding-fallback-rationale">casefolding fallback rationale</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-casefolding-search">casefolding search</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-search">Casefolding search</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ChangeLog-entry"><code>ChangeLog <span class="r">entry</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-checklist-for-bug-reports">checklist for bug reports</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-checksum"><code>checksum</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-circle-fonts">circle fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-client_005fpath-in-kpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo"><code>client_path <span class="r">in <code class="code">kpse-&gt;format_info</code></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CLUAINPUTS"><code>CLUAINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CMAPFONTS"><code>CMAPFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cmr10_002c-as-fallback-font"><code>cmr10<span class="r">, as fallback font</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cmr10_002evf"><code>cmr10.vf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cnf_002ec"><code>cnf.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-cnf_002eh"><code>cnf.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-fontmap-files">comments, in fontmap files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-texmf_002ecnf">comments, in <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-comments_002c-making">comments, making</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-common-features-in-glyph-lookup">common features in glyph lookup</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-common-problems">common problems</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compilation-value_002c-source-for-path">compilation value, source for path</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compiler-bugs">compiler bugs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-compiler-bugs_002c-finding">compiler bugs, finding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-conditions-for-use">conditions for use</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config-files">config files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config-files_002c-for-Kpathsea_002dusing-programs">config files, for Kpathsea-using programs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config-files_002c-programming-with">config files, programming with</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eh"><code>config.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002elog"><code>config.log</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps"><code>config.ps</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002eps_002c-search-path-for"><code>config.ps<span class="r">, search path for</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-config_002estatus"><code>config.status</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-bugs">configuration bugs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-file_002c-source-for-path">configuration file, source for path</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configuration-of-mktex-scripts">configuration of <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-configure-options-for-mktex-scripts"><code class="code">configure</code> options for <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-context-diff">context diff</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-continuation-character">continuation character</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-core-dumps_002c-reporting">core dumps, reporting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-crashes-of-TeX-and-security">crashes of TeX and security</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-crashes_002c-reporting">crashes, reporting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-CWEBINPUTS"><code>CWEBINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-database-search">database search</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-database_002c-for-filenames">database, for filenames</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-database_002c-format-of">database, format of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debug_002eh"><code>debug.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugger">debugger</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging">debugging</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-options_002c-in-Kpathsea_002dusing-program">debugging options, in Kpathsea-using program</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-debugging-output">debugging output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-default-expansion">default expansion</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes"><code>default_texsizes</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-device_002c-wrong">device, wrong</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-directories_002c-making-append_002donly">directories, making append-only</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-directory-permissions">directory permissions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-directory-structure_002c-for-TeX-files">directory structure, for TeX files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-disabling-mktex-scripts">disabling <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-disk-search">disk search</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-disk-searching_002c-avoiding">disk searching, avoiding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-disk-usage_002c-reducing">disk usage, reducing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-doc-files"><code>doc files</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DOS-compatible-names">DOS compatible names</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dosnames"><code>dosnames</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dot-files">dot files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-doubled-colons">doubled colons</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dpinnn-directories"><code>dpi<var class="var">nnn</var> directories</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVILJMAKEPK"><code>DVILJMAKEPK</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVILJSIZES"><code>DVILJSIZES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dvipdfmx_002ecfg"><code>dvipdfmx.cfg</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-files">dynamic creation of files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-EC-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation">EC fonts, and dynamic source creation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-elt_002ddirs_002ec"><code>elt-dirs.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-1"><code>elt-dirs.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-enabling-mktex-scripts">enabling <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ENCFONTS"><code>ENCFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-engine-name">engine name</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variable_002c-source-for-path">environment variable, source for path</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variables-for-TeX">environment variables for TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variables-in-paths">environment variables in paths</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-environment-variables_002c-old">environment variables, old</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-epoch_002c-seconds-since">epoch, seconds since</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-error-message-macros">error message macros</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-examples_002c-of-casefolding-searches">examples, of casefolding searches</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-excessive-startup-time">excessive startup time</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expand_002ec"><code>expand.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expanding-symlinks">expanding symlinks</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-default">expansion, default</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-path-element">expansion, path element</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-search-path">expansion, search path</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-subdirectory">expansion, subdirectory</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-tilde">expansion, tilde</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-variable">expansion, variable</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-explicitly-relative-filenames">explicitly relative filenames</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extensions_002c-filename">extensions, filename</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-externally_002dbuilt-filename-database">externally-built filename database</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-extra-colons">extra colons</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-failed-mktex_2026-script-invocation">failed <code class="code">mktex&hellip;</code> script invocation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fallback-font">fallback font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions">fallback resolutions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FAQ_002c-Kpathsea">FAQ, Kpathsea</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Farwell_002c-Matthew">Farwell, Matthew</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file-formats_002c-supported">file formats, supported</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file-lookup">file lookup</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file-permissions">file permissions</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-file-types_002c-registering-new">file types, registering new</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filename-aliases">filename aliases</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filename-database">filename database</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filenames_002c-absolute-or-explicitly-relative">filenames, absolute or explicitly relative</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-files_002c-unable-to-find">files, unable to find</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filesystem-search">filesystem search</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-filesystem_002c-case_002d_0028in_0029sensitive">filesystem, case-(in)sensitive</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Findutils_002c-GNU-package">Findutils, GNU package</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-examples">Casefolding examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-floating-directories">floating directories</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fmtutil"><code>fmtutil</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fmtutil_002ecnf"><code>fmtutil.cnf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fmtutils_002ecnf"><code>fmtutils.cnf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-alias-files">font alias files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-generation-failures">font generation failures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-of-last-resort">font of last resort</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-font-set_002c-infinite">font set, infinite</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FONTCIDMAPS"><code>FONTCIDMAPS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FONTFEATURES"><code>FONTFEATURES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontmap-files">fontmap files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontmaps-1"><code>fontmaps</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontmaps">fontmaps</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontname">fontname</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fontnames_002c-arbitrary-length">fontnames, arbitrary length</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FOOINPUTS"><code>FOOINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-FOOINPUTS-1"><code>FOOINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fopen_002c-redefined"><code>fopen<span class="r">, redefined</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-format-of-external-database">format of external database</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ftp_002ecs_002estanford_002eedu"><code>ftp.cs.stanford.edu</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ftp_002etug_002eorg"><code>ftp.tug.org</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-fundamental-purpose-of-Kpathsea">fundamental purpose of Kpathsea</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gdb_002c-recommended"><code>gdb<span class="r">, recommended</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-gf"><code>gf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GFFONTS"><code>GFFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-globally-writable-directories">globally writable directories</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glyph-lookup">glyph lookup</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glyph-lookup-bitmap-tolerance">glyph lookup bitmap tolerance</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS-1"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-glyphlist_002etxt"><code>glyphlist.txt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GNU-C-compiler-bugs">GNU C compiler bugs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GNU-General-Public-License">GNU General Public License</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-group_002dwritable-directories">group-writable directories</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0028128_0029"><code>GSFTOPK_DEBUG <span class="r">(128)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hash-table-buckets_002c-printing">hash table buckets, printing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hash-table-routines">hash table routines</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hash_005fsummary_005fonly-variable-for-debugging"><code>hash_summary_only <span class="r">variable for debugging</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-history-of-Kpathsea">history of Kpathsea</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Hoekwater_002c-Taco">Hoekwater, Taco</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-home-directories-in-paths">home directories in paths</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-HOME_002c-as-_007e-expansion"><code>HOME<span class="r">, as ~ expansion</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-identifiers_002c-characters-valid-in">identifiers, characters valid in</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-include-fontmap-directive"><code>include <span class="r">fontmap directive</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-INDEXSTYLE"><code>INDEXSTYLE</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-input-lines_002c-reading">input lines, reading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interactive-query">interactive query</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-interface_002c-not-frozen">interface, not frozen</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-introduction">introduction</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-K">K</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kdebug_003a">&lsquo;<samp class="samp">kdebug:</samp>&rsquo;</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kdefault_002ec"><code>kdefault.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e">Knuth, Donald E.</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-archive-of-programs-by">Knuth, Donald E., archive of programs by</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Kpathsea-config-file_002c-source-for-path">Kpathsea config file, source for path</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fcnf_005fget"><code>kpathsea_cnf_get</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-1"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005ffile"><code>kpathsea_find_file</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005ffile-1"><code>kpathsea_find_file</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005fglyph"><code>kpathsea_find_glyph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005fglyph-1"><code>kpathsea_find_glyph</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffinish"><code>kpathsea_finish</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok"><code>kpathsea_in_name_ok</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok_005fextended"><code>kpathsea_in_name_ok_extended</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok_005fsilent"><code>kpathsea_in_name_ok_silent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok_005fsilent_005fextended"><code>kpathsea_in_name_ok_silent_extended</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005finit_005fprog"><code>kpathsea_init_prog</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005finit_005fprog-1"><code>kpathsea_init_prog</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fnew"><code>kpathsea_new</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fopen_005ffile"><code>kpathsea_open_file</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok"><code>kpathsea_out_name_ok</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok_005fextended"><code>kpathsea_out_name_ok_extended</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok_005fsilent"><code>kpathsea_out_name_ok_silent</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok_005fsilent_005fextended"><code>kpathsea_out_name_ok_silent_extended</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fset_005fprogram_005fname"><code>kpathsea_set_program_name</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fvar_005fvalue"><code>kpathsea_var_value</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fWARNING"><code>KPATHSEA_WARNING</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpathsea_002eh"><code>kpathsea.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse-mode-of-LuaTeX">kpse mode of LuaTeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fBITMAP_005fTOLERANCE"><code>KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_002816_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND <span class="r">(16)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_00284_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN <span class="r">(4)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_00282_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_HASH <span class="r">(2)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_00288_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS <span class="r">(8)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_002832_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH <span class="r">(32)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_00281_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_STAT <span class="r">(1)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_002864_0029"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_VARS <span class="r">(64)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDOT-expansion"><code>KPSE_DOT <span class="r">expansion</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">KPSE_DOT expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo_005ftype"><code>kpse_format_info_type</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003edebug"><code>kpse-&gt;debug</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003edebug-1"><code>kpse-&gt;debug</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003edebug-variable"><code>kpse-&gt;debug <span class="r">variable</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo"><code>kpse-&gt;format_info</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003einvocation_005fname"><code>kpse-&gt;invocation_name</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003einvocation_005fshort_005fname"><code>kpse-&gt;invocation_short_name</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003eprogram_005fname"><code>kpse-&gt;program_name</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-kpsewhich"><code>kpsewhich</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Kpsewhich_002c-and-debugging">Kpsewhich, and debugging</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font">last-resort font</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lcircle10"><code>lcircle10</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leading-colons">leading colons</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leaf-directories-wrongly-guessed">leaf directories wrongly guessed</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-leaf-directory-trick">leaf directory trick</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-license-for-using-the-library">license for using the library</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LIGFONTS"><code>LIGFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lines_002c-reading-arbitrary_002dlength">lines, reading arbitrary-length</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Linux-File-System-Standard">Linux File System Standard</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-local-cache-of-fonts">local cache of fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-log-file">log file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-logging-successful-searches">logging successful searches</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lost_002bfound-directory"><code>lost+found <span class="r">directory</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-lostchar"><code>lostchar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ls_002dR"><code>ls-R</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ls_002dR-database-file"><code>ls-R <span class="r">database file</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ls_002dR_002c-simplest-build"><code>ls-R<span class="r">, simplest build</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LUAINPUTS"><code>LUAINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-luaotfload"><code>luaotfload</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-LuaTeX-and-security">LuaTeX and security</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Mac-filesystem_002c-case_002dinsensitive">Mac filesystem, case-insensitive</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MacKenzie_002c-David">MacKenzie, David</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MacKenzie_002c-David-1">MacKenzie, David</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-magic-characters">magic characters</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mailing-lists">mailing lists</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0028512_0029"><code>MAKETEX_DEBUG <span class="r">(512)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_00281024_0029"><code>MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG <span class="r">(1024)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-memory-allocation-routines">memory allocation routines</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-metafont-driver-files">metafont driver files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-failures">Metafont failures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-installation">Metafont installation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-making-too_002dlarge-fonts">Metafont making too-large fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Metafont-using-the-wrong-device">Metafont using the wrong device</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MFBASES"><code>MFBASES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MFINPUTS"><code>MFINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MFPOOL"><code>MFPOOL</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MFTINPUTS"><code>MFTINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MISCFONTS"><code>MISCFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mismatched-checksum-warnings">mismatched checksum warnings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-missfont_002elog"><code>missfont.log</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-missing-character-warnings">missing character warnings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mkocp"><code>mkocp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mkofm"><code>mkofm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex-script-configuration"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> script configuration</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex-script-names"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> script names</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex-scripts"><samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex_002ecnf"><code>mktex.cnf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex_002ecnf-1"><code>mktex.cnf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex_002eopt"><code>mktex.opt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktex_002eopt-1"><code>mktex.opt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexdir"><code>mktexdir</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexfmt"><code>mktexfmt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexmf"><code>mktexmf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk"><code>mktexpk</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktexpk-can_0027t-guess-mode"><code class="code">mktexpk</code> can&rsquo;t guess mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktextex"><code>mktextex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mktextfm"><code>mktextfm</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MLBIBINPUTS"><code>MLBIBINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MLBSTINPUTS"><code>MLBSTINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mode-directory_002c-omitting">mode directory, omitting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Morgan_002c-Tim">Morgan, Tim</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MPINPUTS"><code>MPINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MPMEMS"><code>MPMEMS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MPPOOL"><code>MPPOOL</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MPSUPPORT"><code>MPSUPPORT</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MT_005fFEATURES"><code>MT_FEATURES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-multiple-TeX-hierarchies">multiple TeX hierarchies</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-must-exist">must exist</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-names-for-mktex-scripts">names for <samp class="file">mktex</samp> scripts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Neumann_002c-Gustaf">Neumann, Gustaf</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-NFS-and-ls_002dR">NFS and <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nomfdrivers"><code>nomfdrivers</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-nomode"><code>nomode</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-none"><code>none</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-null-pointers_002c-dereferencing">null pointers, dereferencing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-numeric-debugging-values">numeric debugging values</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-obtaining-TeX">obtaining TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OCPINPUTS"><code>OCPINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OFMFONTS"><code>OFMFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-online-Metafont-display_002c-spurious">online Metafont display, spurious</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-openout_005fany"><code>openout_any</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OPENTYPEFONTS"><code>OPENTYPEFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-optimization-caveat">optimization caveat</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-options-for-debugging">options for debugging</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OTPINPUTS"><code>OTPINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overview-of-path-searching">overview of path searching</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-overview-of-programming-with-Kpathsea">overview of programming with Kpathsea</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OVFFONTS"><code>OVFFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-OVPFONTS"><code>OVPFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-paranoid-mode_002c-for-output-files">paranoid mode, for output files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-expansion">path expansion</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-searching">path searching</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-searching-options">path searching options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-overview">path searching, overview</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-standalone">path searching, standalone</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-path-sources">path sources</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pathsearch_002eh"><code>pathsearch.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pc-Pascal-compiler"><code>pc <span class="r">Pascal compiler</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdfglyphlist_002etxt"><code>pdfglyphlist.txt</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdftex_002ecfg"><code>pdftex.cfg</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PDFTEXCONFIG"><code>PDFTEXCONFIG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pdftexconfig_002etex"><code>pdftexconfig.tex</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-permission-denied">permission denied</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-permissions_002c-directory">permissions, directory</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-permissions_002c-file">permissions, file</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PKFONTS"><code>PKFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-plain_002ebase"><code>plain.base</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-privacy_002c-semblance-of">privacy, semblance of</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-problems_002c-common">problems, common</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-proginit_002eh"><code>proginit.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-program_002dvarying-paths">program-varying paths</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-programming-overview">programming overview</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-programming-with-config-files">programming with config files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-programming-with-Kpathsea">programming with Kpathsea</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-programs-using-the-library">programs using the library</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-proof-mode">proof mode</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-PSHEADERS"><code>PSHEADERS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-pxp-Pascal-preprocessor"><code>pxp <span class="r">Pascal preprocessor</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-quoting-variable-values">quoting variable values</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-rationale-for-casefolding-fallback">rationale for casefolding fallback</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-re_002dentrant-API">re-entrant API</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-readable"><code>readable</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-lines">reading arbitrary-length lines</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-recording-successful-searches">recording successful searches</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-relative-filenames">relative filenames</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-reporting-bugs">reporting bugs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resident_002ec"><code>resident.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting">resolution, setting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-resolutions_002c-last_002dresort">resolutions, last-resort</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-restricted-mode_002c-for-output-files">restricted mode, for output files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-retrieving-TeX">retrieving TeX</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-right_002dhand-side-of-variable-assignments">right-hand side of variable assignments</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-RISINPUTS"><code>RISINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tom">Rokicki, Tom</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-root-user"><code class="t">root</code> user</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-runtime-configuration-files">runtime configuration files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-runtime-debugging">runtime debugging</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Sauter-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation">Sauter fonts, and dynamic source creation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-scripts-for-file-creation">scripts for file creation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-search-path_002c-defined">search path, defined</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-search_002c-case_002dinsensitive">search, case-insensitive</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-search">Casefolding search</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-for-files">searching for files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-for-glyphs">searching for glyphs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-overview">searching overview</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-the-database">searching the database</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-searching-the-disk">searching the disk</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-security-considerations">security considerations</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SELFAUTODIR">SELFAUTODIR</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SELFAUTOLOC">SELFAUTOLOC</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SELFAUTOPARENT">SELFAUTOPARENT</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sending-patches">sending patches</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-setgid-scripts">setgid scripts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Global-font-cache-and-security">Global font cache and security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-SFDFONTS"><code>SFDFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-commands_002c-security">shell commands, security</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell-variables">shell variables</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-shell_005fescape_002c-example-for-code"><code>shell_escape<span class="r">, example for code</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-site-overrides-for-mktex_2026">site overrides for <code class="code">mktex&hellip;</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-skeleton-TeX-directory">skeleton TeX directory</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-slow-startup-time">slow startup time</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-source-files"><code>source files</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sources-for-search-paths">sources for search paths</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-special"><code>special</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-st_005fnlink"><code>st_nlink</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ST_005fNLINK_005fTRICK"><code>ST_NLINK_TRICK</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stack-trace">stack trace</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standalone-path-searching">standalone path searching</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-error-and-debugging-output">standard error and debugging output</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-standard-options">standard options</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-startup-time_002c-excessive">startup time, excessive</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-string-routines">string routines</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-strip"><code>strip</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-stripsupplier"><code>stripsupplier</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-striptypeface"><code>striptypeface</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-subdirectory-searching">subdirectory searching</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-suffixes_002c-filename">suffixes, filename</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-suggestions_002c-making">suggestions, making</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Sun-2">Sun 2</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting">supplier directory, omitting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-1">supplier directory, omitting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-supported-file-formats">supported file formats</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-suppressing-warnings">suppressing warnings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbolic-links-not-found">symbolic links not found</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symbolic-links_002c-and-ls_002dR">symbolic links, and <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-symlinks_002c-resolving">symlinks, resolving</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system-C-compiler-bugs">system C compiler bugs</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-system_002ddependent-casefolding-behavior">system-dependent casefolding behavior</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T1FONTS"><code>T1FONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T1INPUTS"><code>T1INPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-T42FONTS"><code>T42FONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tcfmgr_002emap"><code>tcfmgr.map</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TDS">TDS</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-environment-variables">TeX environment variables</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-failures">TeX failures</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-file-lookup">TeX file lookup</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-glyph-lookup">TeX glyph lookup</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-support">TeX support</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TeX-Users-Group">TeX Users Group</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH-1"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002ec"><code>tex-file.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002eh"><code>tex-file.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002ec"><code>tex-glyph.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002eh"><code>tex-glyph.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dk_0040tug_002eorg"><code>tex-k@tug.org</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002dk_0040tug_002eorg-_0028bug-address_0029"><code>tex-k@tug.org <span class="r">(bug address)</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tex_002eweb"><code>tex.web</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXBIB"><code>TEXBIB</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXBIB-1"><code>TEXBIB</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXDOCS"><code>TEXDOCS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTMAPS"><code>TEXFONTMAPS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS-1"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS-2"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS-3"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap"><code>texfonts.map</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXFORMATS"><code>TEXFORMATS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXINDEXSTYLE"><code>TEXINDEXSTYLE</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS-1"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMF"><code>TEXMF</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_005fcasefold_005fsearch"><code>texmf_casefold_search</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-search">Casefolding search</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMF_005fOUTPUT_005fDIRECTORY_002c-and-missfont_002elog"><code>TEXMF_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY<span class="r">, and <samp class="file">missfont.log</samp></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMF_005fOUTPUT_005fDIRECTORY_002c-and-paranoid-output-files"><code>TEXMF_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY<span class="r">, and paranoid output files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-missing_002c-warning-about"><samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp> missing, warning about</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_002c-and-variable-expansion"><code>texmf.cnf<span class="r">, and variable expansion</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_002c-definition-for"><code>texmf.cnf<span class="r">, definition for</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_002c-source-for-path"><code>texmf.cnf<span class="r">, source for path</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF-1"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS-1"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFINI"><code>TEXMFINI</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFINI-1"><code>TEXMFINI</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFINI-2"><code>TEXMFINI</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFLOG"><code>TEXMFLOG</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-and-missfont_002elog"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT<span class="r">, and <samp class="file">missfont.log</samp></span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_002c-and-paranoid-output-files"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT<span class="r">, and paranoid output files</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFSCRIPTS"><code>TEXMFSCRIPTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFSYSVAR"><code>TEXMFSYSVAR</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-texmfvar"><code>texmfvar</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFVAR"><code>TEXMFVAR</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXMFVAR-1"><code>TEXMFVAR</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPKS"><code>TEXPKS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPOOL"><code>TEXPOOL</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPSHEADERS"><code>TEXPSHEADERS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXPSHEADERS-1"><code>TEXPSHEADERS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXSIZES"><code>TEXSIZES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TEXSOURCES"><code>TEXSOURCES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TFMFONTS"><code>TFMFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde-expansion">tilde expansion</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tilde_002ec"><code>tilde.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-time-system-call"><code>time <span class="r">system call</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tolerance-for-glyph-lookup">tolerance for glyph lookup</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trailing-_002f-in-home-directory">trailing &lsquo;<samp class="samp">/</samp>&rsquo; in home directory</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trailing-colons">trailing colons</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-translations_002c-of-path-searching-description">translations, of path searching description</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TRFONTS"><code>TRFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trick-for-detecting-leaf-directories">trick for detecting leaf directories</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trojan-horse">trojan horse</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-trojan-horse-attack">trojan horse attack</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Security">Security</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-try_005fstd_005fextension_005ffirst"><code>try_std_extension_first</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-TTFONTS"><code>TTFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-tug_002eorg"><code>tug.org</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting">typeface directory, omitting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-1">typeface directory, omitting</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-U">U</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unable-to-find-files">unable to find files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unable-to-generate-fonts">unable to generate fonts</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-uname"><code>uname</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unixtex_002eftp"><code>unixtex.ftp</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unknown-special-warnings">unknown special warnings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unreadable-file-warnings">unreadable file warnings</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unreadable-files">unreadable files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unrestricted-mode_002c-for-output-files">unrestricted mode, for output files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Safe-filenames">Safe filenames</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-unusable-ls_002dR-warning">unusable <samp class="file">ls-R</samp> warning</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-usage-patterns_002c-finding">usage patterns, finding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Logging">Logging</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-USE_005fTEXMFVAR"><code>USE_TEXMFVAR</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-USE_005fVARTEXFONTS"><code>USE_VARTEXFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-USERPROFILE_002c-as-_007e-expansion"><code>USERPROFILE<span class="r">, as ~ expansion</span></code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-V">V</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-varfonts"><code>varfonts</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-variable-expansion">variable expansion</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-variable_002ec"><code>variable.c</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-variable_002eh"><code>variable.h</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VARTEXFONTS"><code>VARTEXFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VAX-11_002f750">VAX 11/750</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-version-numbers_002c-determining">version numbers, determining</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-not-found">VF files, not found</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-VFFONTS"><code>VFFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Vojta_002c-Paul">Vojta, Paul</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Walsh_002c-Norman">Walsh, Norman</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warning-about-unusable-ls_002dR">warning about unusable <samp class="file">ls-R</samp></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warning_002c-about-missing-texmf_002ecnf">warning, about missing <samp class="file">texmf.cnf</samp></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-file-access">warnings, file access</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-WEB2C"><code>WEB2C</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Weber_002c-Olaf">Weber, Olaf</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-WEBINPUTS"><code>WEBINPUTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-fontmap-files">whitespace, in fontmap files</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-not-ignored-on-continuation-lines">whitespace, not ignored on continuation lines</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Windows-and-casefolding">Windows and casefolding</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Casefolding-rationale">Casefolding rationale</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-www_002etug_002eorg"><code>www.tug.org</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-X">X</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XDvi"><code>XDvi</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XDVIFONTS"><code>XDVIFONTS</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XDVIMAKEPK"><code>XDVIMAKEPK</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-XDVISIZES"><code>XDVISIZES</code></a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Z">Z</th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-zuhn_002c-david">zuhn, david</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#History">History</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
</table>
-<table class="cp-letters-footer-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>!</b></a>
+<table class="cp-letters-footer-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>-</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>$</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>;</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>-</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>:</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>.</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>!</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>/</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>.</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>2</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>{</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>8</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>/</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>:</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>\</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>;</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>=</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>=</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>~</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>\</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>$</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>{</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>2</b></a>
&nbsp;
-<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>~</b></a>
+<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>8</b></a>
&nbsp;
<br>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
diff --git a/systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf b/systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf
index a2f30dd70c..0e8d687a1d 100644
--- a/systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf
+++ b/systems/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/luatex/NEWS b/systems/doc/luatex/NEWS
index 8557c139df..8a542d6868 100644
--- a/systems/doc/luatex/NEWS
+++ b/systems/doc/luatex/NEWS
@@ -1,4 +1,51 @@
==============================================================
+LuaTeX 1.18.0 2024-02-13
+==============================================================
+
+- New kpse.in_name_ok_silent_extended and kpse.in_name_ok_silent_extended
+- New kpse.in_name_ok, kpse.in_name_ok
+- New lfs.mkdirp that make parent directories as needed
+- In kpse mode os.rename,os.remove, lfs.attributes,
+ lfs.chdir, lfs.lock_dir, lfs.dir, lfs.link,
+ lfs.mkdir, lfs.mkdirp, lfs.rmdir, lfs.symlinkattributes, lfs.touch
+ are now validated with kpse.in_name_ok_silent_extended *and* kpse.out_name_ok_silent_extended;
+ lfs.attributes, lfs.dir and lfs.symlinkattributes are now validated only against kpse.in_name_ok_silent_extended
+- With --safer, all debug functions except traceback are nil
+- New commandline switch --[no-]check-dvi-total-pages exit when DVI exceeds 65535 pages (default: check).
+ This breaks backward compatibility.
+- Some fixes, among others:
+ * setgentounicode has a glyph_unicode_tree not NULL (thanks M. Chernoff)
+ * Character index within the limits in defining a Type 3 font (H.Hagen). Thanks M. Chernoff.
+ * Fix for dubious cff fonts (not following the 1000 unit recommendation) (Hans Hagen).
+ * TEXMF_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY and output_directory have the same value, having output_directory
+ the priority on TEXMF_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY.
+
+
+==============================================================
+LuaTeX 1.17.0 2023-04-29
+==============================================================
+
+- A breaking backward compatibility change: by default the socket
+ library is not enabled .
+ The new option --socket enable the socket library as
+ before, as also --shell-escape (without --shell-restricted);
+ --nosocket, --no-socket , --safer disabled the library, and
+ they have the priority in case of conflicting options.
+ The mime library is always available; socket.sleep
+ and socket.gettime are duplicated as os.socketsleep
+ and os.socketgettime, both always available.
+ The new os.kpsepopen replace io.popopen in kpse mode
+ (i.e. when kpse_init is not zero) as it was before
+ but the permission now cannot be changed anymore with
+ kpse.check_permission .
+ The function os.kpsepopen follows the same restrictions
+ as io.popen .
+ Thanks to Max Chernoff for debugging.
+
+
+
+
+==============================================================
LuaTeX 1.16.0 2023-02-19
==============================================================
diff --git a/systems/doc/luatex/luatex-lua.tex b/systems/doc/luatex/luatex-lua.tex
index ed0bc23a53..c5d053e093 100644
--- a/systems/doc/luatex/luatex-lua.tex
+++ b/systems/doc/luatex/luatex-lua.tex
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ consequence. The following command|-|line options are understood:
\NC \type{--kpathsea-debug=NUMBER} \NC set path searching debugging flags according to the bits of
\type {NUMBER} \NC \NR
\NC \type{--lua=FILE} \NC load and execute a \LUA\ initialization script \NC\NR
+\NC \type{--luadebug} \NC enable the \type{debug} library\NC\NR
\NC \type{--[no-]mktex=FMT} \NC disable/enable \type {mktexFMT} generation with \type {FMT} is
\type {tex} or \type {tfm} \NC \NR
\NC \type{--nosocket} \NC disable the \LUA\ socket library \NC\NR
@@ -137,6 +138,10 @@ The file names for output files that are generated automatically are created by
attaching the proper extension (\type {log}, \type {pdf}, etc.) to the found
\prm {jobname}. These files are created in the directory pointed to by \type
{--output-directory}, or in the current directory, if that switch is not present.
+If \type{--output-directory} is not empty, its value it's copied to the
+\type{TEXMF_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY} env. variable; if it's empty, the value of
+\type{TEXMF_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY} is the value of the output directory.
+
Without the \type {--lua} option, command line processing works like it does in
any other \WEBC|-|based typesetting engine, except that \LUATEX\ has a few extra
@@ -165,8 +170,8 @@ in the following order:
\startitem
Then it checks the various safety switches. You can use those to disable some
- \LUA\ commands that can easily be abused by a malicious document. At the
- moment, \type {--safer} \type {nil}s the following functions:
+ \LUA\ commands that can easily be abused by a malicious document. Currently
+ \type {--safer} nils the following functions:
\blank
@@ -177,8 +182,8 @@ in the following order:
\type {spawn} \type {setenv}
\type {rename} \type {remove} \type {tmpdir} \NC \NR
\NC \type {io} \NC \type {popen} \type {output} \type {tmpfile} \NC \NR
- \NC \type {lfs} \NC \type {rmdir} \type {mkdir} \type {chdir} \type {lock}
- \type {touch} \NC \NR
+ \NC \type {lfs} \NC \type {rmdir} \type {mkdir} \type {mkdirp} \type {chdir}
+ \type {lock} \type {touch} \NC \NR
\LL
\stoptabulate
@@ -189,6 +194,23 @@ in the following order:
Finally, it disables the \type {socket} library unconditionally (but not the
\type {mime} library which is always available).
+
+ From version 1.18.0 and if \KPATHSEA\ is used, with the exception of \type{debug.traceback}
+ the \type{debug} library is not enabled by default; it can
+ be enabled with the \type{--luadebug} switch. The \type{debug} library
+ is always enabled in shell-escape mode.
+
+ Also from version 1.18.0 and if \KPATHSEA\ is used, the functions
+ \type{os.rename},\type{os.remove}, \type{lfs.attributes}, \type{lfs.chdir},
+ \type{lfs.lock_dir}, \type{lfs.dir}, \type{lfs.link}, \type{lfs.mkdir}, \type{lfs.mkdirp},
+ \type{lfs.rmdir}, \type{lfs.symlinkattributes}, \type{lfs.touch}
+ return \type{true} if both \type{kpse.in_name_ok_silent_extended} and
+ \type{kpse.out_name_ok_silent_extended} validate the pathname;
+ \type{lfs.attributes}, \type{lfs.dir} and \type{lfs.symlinkattributes} are validated
+ only against \type{kpse.in_name_ok_silent_extended}.
+
+
+
\stopitem
\startitem
@@ -237,7 +259,7 @@ deal with typesetting, like \type {tex}, \type {token}, \type {node} and
\type {pdf}, are off|-|limits during the execution of the startup file (they
are \type {nil}'d). Special care is taken that \type {texio.write} and \type
{texio.write_nl} function properly, so that you can at least report your actions
-to the log file when (and if) it eventually becom1es opened (note that \TEX\ does
+to the log file when (and if) it eventually becomes opened (note that \TEX\ does
not even know its \prm {jobname} yet at this point).
Everything you do in the \LUA\ initialization script will remain visible during
@@ -363,7 +385,8 @@ instance, when we started with \LUATEX\ we added some helpers to the \type
{lfs.isdir} and \type {lfs.isfile} were speedy and better variants of what could
be done with \type {lfs.attributes}. The additional function \type
{lfs.shortname} takes a file name and returns its short name on \type {win32}
-platforms. Finally, for non|-|\type {win32} platforms only, we provided \type
+platforms; \type{lfs.mkdirp} is like \type{lfs.mkdir} but make parent directories as needed.
+Finally, for non|-|\type {win32} platforms only, we provided \type
{lfs.readlink} that takes an existing symbolic link as argument and returns its
name. However, the \type {lfs} library evolved so we have dropped these in favour of
pure \LUA\ variants. The \type {shortname} helper is obsolete and now just
diff --git a/systems/doc/luatex/luatex-tex.tex b/systems/doc/luatex/luatex-tex.tex
index d711b0709f..bfa4c5ba17 100644
--- a/systems/doc/luatex/luatex-tex.tex
+++ b/systems/doc/luatex/luatex-tex.tex
@@ -204,6 +204,8 @@ index into \type {status}. The current list is:
\NC \type{save_size} \NC save stack size \NC \NR
\NC \type{shell_escape} \NC \type {0} means disabled, \type {1} means anything is permitted, and \type {2} is restricted \NC \NR
\NC \type{safer_option} \NC \type {1} means safer is enforced \NC \NR
+\NC \type{luadebug_option} \NC true if the \type{debug} library is enabled at command line \NC\NR
+\NC \type{output_directory} \NC the value of the output directory \NC \NR
\NC \type{kpse_used} \NC \type {1} means that kpse is used \NC \NR
\NC \type{stack_size} \NC input stack size \NC \NR
\NC \type{str_ptr} \NC number of strings \NC \NR
@@ -2827,27 +2829,59 @@ Like kpsewhich's \type {-expand-braces}:
\libindex{in_name_ok}
-Return true if \type{fname} is acceptable to open for reading.
+Returns true if \type{fname} is acceptable to open for reading, otherwise false and
+write a message to standard error.
\startfunctioncall
-<boolean> r = kpse_in_name_ok(<string> fname)
+<boolean> r = kpse.in_name_ok(<string> fname)
\stopfunctioncall
+\startsubsection[title={\type {in_name_ok_silent_extended}}]
+
+\libindex{in_name_ok_silent_extended}
+
+\startfunctioncall
+<boolean> r = kpse.in_name_ok_silent_extended(<string> fname)
+\stopfunctioncall
+
+Returns true if \type{fname} is acceptable to open for reading;
+the values of \type{TEXMFVAR} and \type{TEXMFSYSVAR} are also
+checked for absolute filenames. Returns false otherwise but it doesn't write
+a message to standard error.
+
\stopsubsection
+
\startsubsection[title={\type {out_name_ok}}]
\libindex{out_name_ok}
-Return true if \type{fname} is acceptable to open for writing.
+Returns true if \type{fname} is acceptable to open for writing.
\startfunctioncall
-<boolean> r = kpse_out_name_ok(<string> fname)
+<boolean> r = kpse.out_name_ok(<string> fname)
\stopfunctioncall
\stopsubsection
+\startsubsection[title={\type {out_name_ok_silent_extended}}]
+
+\libindex{out_name_ok_silent_extended}
+
+\startfunctioncall
+<boolean> r = kpse.out_name_ok_silent_extended(<string> fname)
+\stopfunctioncall
+
+Returns true if \type{fname} is acceptable to open for writing;
+the values of \type{TEXMFVAR} and \type{TEXMFSYSVAR} are also
+checked for absolute filenames. Returns false otherwise but it doesn't write
+a message to standard error.
+
+\stopsubsection
+
+
+
\startsubsection[title={\type {show_path}}]
diff --git a/systems/doc/luatex/luatex.pdf b/systems/doc/luatex/luatex.pdf
index 04dc1ef67c..8c4d0e54ac 100644
--- a/systems/doc/luatex/luatex.pdf
+++ b/systems/doc/luatex/luatex.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/luatex/luatex.tex b/systems/doc/luatex/luatex.tex
index 45aa1f5cb5..1a6727eb6a 100644
--- a/systems/doc/luatex/luatex.tex
+++ b/systems/doc/luatex/luatex.tex
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
\startdocument
[manual=Lua\TeX,
status=stable,
- version=1.17]
+ version=1.18]
\startnotmode[*export]
\component luatex-titlepage
diff --git a/systems/doc/metapost/CHANGES b/systems/doc/metapost/NEWS
index 05faf13051..32606d23b0 100644
--- a/systems/doc/metapost/CHANGES
+++ b/systems/doc/metapost/NEWS
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
This file is public domain.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+What is new in MetaPost version 2.10:
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+* New interval number system based on MPFI. The implementation is somewhat experimental,
+ given the "unusual" nature of interval arithmetic.
+ The internal functions are almost verbatim copies of the MPFR-based binary system
+ (on which MPFI is based).
+* Several bugs fixes.
+
----------------------------------------------------------------------
What is new in MetaPost version 2.01:
diff --git a/systems/doc/metapost/mpman.pdf b/systems/doc/metapost/mpman.pdf
index dc123c23ba..370b387f7d 100644
--- a/systems/doc/metapost/mpman.pdf
+++ b/systems/doc/metapost/mpman.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-numbersystems.tex b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-numbersystems.tex
index 0e9dfaf09e..7e82e29c87 100644
--- a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-numbersystems.tex
+++ b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-numbersystems.tex
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
\svnInfo $Id$
-\section{High-precision arithmetic with MetaPost}
+\section{High-precision and interval arithmetic with MetaPost}
\label{hparith}
In addition to the fixed-point arithmetics inherited from \MF, MetaPost
can also do higher-precision arithmetics. In total, MetaPost can handle
-numeric quantities in four internal representation formats or number
+numeric quantities in five internal representation formats or number
systems. Number systems differ in rounding errors\index{rounding error}
introduced by and the speed of arithmetic operations. Simply storing a
numeric value in a variable may already introduce a rounding error, so
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The internal representation format used for numeric quantities can be
determined by a command-line switch
\texttt{-numbersystem}\index{command-line!mpost?\texttt{mpost}!-numbersystem?\texttt{-numbersystem}}
when invoking the MetaPost executable. Argument is a string and can be
-one of \texttt{scaled}, \texttt{double}, \texttt{binary}, or
+one of \texttt{scaled}, \texttt{double}, \texttt{binary}, \texttt{interval} or
\texttt{decimal}. The argument is stored in an internal string variable
\texttt{numbersystem}\index{numbersystem?\texttt{numbersystem}}\label{Dnumbersystem}.
Assigning a value to this variable at run-time triggers an error.
@@ -58,6 +58,26 @@ is an integer in the range $[-9,999,999; +9,999,999]$. All arithmetic
operations are done in software using the MPFR library~\cite{lib:mpfr}
and are usually orders of magnitude slower than in \texttt{double} mode.
+The \index{interval?interval number system}\texttt{interval} number
+system MPFI~\cite{lib:mpfi}, introduced in version \texttt{2.10}, is built on the top of the MPFR library
+and an interval quantity \texttt{[}\textit{number}\texttt{,}\textit{number}\texttt{]} is entered as
+\begin{center}\index{interval\_set?\texttt{interval\_set}}\label{Dintervalset}\texttt{w := interval\_set(}\textit{number}\texttt{,}\textit{number}\texttt{);}\end{center}
+An interval is a set, the left extrema being
+\begin{center}\index{interval\_get\_left\_endpoint?\texttt{interval\_get\_left\_endpoint}}\label{Dintervalleft}\texttt{l := interval\_get\_left\_endpoint(}\textit{interval}\texttt{);}\end{center}
+and the right extrema
+\begin{center}\index{interval\_get\_right\_endpoint?\texttt{interval\_get\_right\_endpoint}}\label{Dintervalright}\texttt{r := interval\_get\_right\_endpoint(}\textit{interval}\texttt{);}\end{center}
+and it's always $l\leq r$\,; a number \texttt{x} is always seen as the interval \texttt{[x,x]}, i.e. a set with one element.
+At first glance, interval arithmetic can be confusing: if $w$ is an interval,
+$w*w$ is the set $\left\{ x*x: x\in w\right\}$, but $f(w)=w^2$ is the set $\left\{f(x): x\in w\right\} = \left\{x^2: x\in w\right\}$:
+if $w=[-1,1]$ then $w*w=[-1,1]$ and $w^2=[0,1]$. On the other hand, it's easy to verify that $w*w*w = w^3$ always. For this reason,
+given that currently the
+implementation of the MetaPost functions in MPFI mimics those of MPFR and they are not adapted to the interval arithmetic,
+the main utility of interval mode is the implementation of algorithms in MetaPost language.
+
+
+
+
+
Number system \texttt{decimal}\index{decimal?\texttt{decimal}} provides
arbitrary precision floating-point arithmetics similar to the
\texttt{binary} number system. Except that it uses a base of~10 for the
diff --git a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-optab.tex b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-optab.tex
index 5cb62e5239..bd4b2a6d72 100644
--- a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-optab.tex
+++ b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-optab.tex
@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ hex\index{hex?\texttt{hex}}& --& string& numeric& --& Interpret as a hexade
infont\index{infont?\texttt{infont}}& string& string& picture& \pageref{Sinfont}& Typeset string in given font\\\hline
\pl intersec\-tionpoint\index{intersectionpoint?\texttt{intersectionpoint}}& path& path& pair& \pageref{Disecpt}& An intersection point\\\hline
intersec\-tiontimes\index{intersectiontimes?\texttt{intersectiontimes}}& path& path& pair& \pageref{Disectt}& Times ($t_l,t_r)$ on paths $l$ and $r$ when the paths intersect\\\hline
+interval\-\_get\-\_left\-\_endpoint\index{interval\_get\_left\_endpoint?\texttt{interval\_get\_left\_endpoint}} & --& numeric & numeric& \pageref{Dintervalleft}& The left endpoint of an interval quantity\\\hline
+interval\-\_get\-\_right\-\_endpoint\index{interval\_get\_right\_endpoint?\texttt{interval\_get\_right\_endpoint}}& --& numeric & numeric& \pageref{Dintervalright}& The right endpoint of an interval quantity\\\hline
+interval\-\_set\index{interval\_set?\texttt{interval\_set}}& --& pair & numeric& \pageref{Dintervalset}& Create an interval quantity\\\hline
\pl inverse\index{inverse?\texttt{inverse}}& --& transform& transform& \pageref{Dinv}& Invert a transformation\\\hline
known\index{known?\texttt{known}}& --& any& boolean& \pageref{Dknown}& Does argument have a known value?\\\hline
length\index{length?\texttt{length}}& --& path\par string\par picture& numeric& \pageref{Dlength}\par \pageref{DlengthString}\par \pageref{DlengthPicture}& Number of components (arcs, characters, strokes, \ldots) in the argument\\\hline
diff --git a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-refman.tex b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-refman.tex
index ad8b84bfb0..266bc9d722 100644
--- a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-refman.tex
+++ b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman-app-refman.tex
@@ -558,7 +558,8 @@ $\tt \descr{unary op} \rightarrow \descr{type}$\\
$\tt \qquad \;|\; abs \;|\; angle \;|\; arclength \;|\; ASCII \;|\; bbox \;|\; blackpart \;|\; bluepart \;|\; bot \;|\; bounded$\\
$\tt \qquad \;|\; ceiling \;|\; center \;|\; char \;|\; clipped \;|\; colormodel \;|\; cosd \;|\; cyanpart \;|\; cycle$\\
$\tt \qquad \;|\; dashpart \;|\; decimal \;|\; dir \;|\; floor \;|\; filled \;|\; fontpart \;|\; fontsize$\\
-$\tt \qquad \;|\; greenpart \;|\; greypart \;|\; hex \;|\; inverse \;|\; known \;|\; length \;|\; lft \;|\; llcorner$\\
+$\tt \qquad \;|\; greenpart \;|\; greypart \;|\; hex \;|\; interval\_get\_left\_endpoint \;|\; interval\_get\_right\_endpoint$\\
+$\tt \qquad \;|\; interval\_set \;|\; inverse \;|\; known \;|\; length \;|\; lft \;|\; llcorner$\\
$\tt \qquad \;|\; lrcorner\;|\; magentapart \;|\; makepath \;|\; makepen \;|\; mexp \;|\; mlog \;|\; not \;|\; oct \;|\; odd$\\
$\tt \qquad \;|\; pathpart \;|\; penpart \;|\; readfrom \;|\; redpart \;|\; reverse \;|\; round \;|\; rt \;|\; sind \;|\; sqrt$\\
$\tt \qquad \;|\; stroked \;|\; textpart \;|\; textual \;|\; top \;|\; ulcorner$\\
@@ -939,7 +940,7 @@ Here's a summary of the command-line switches provided by mpost:
in the current directory or specified via a full path.\\
\cmdindex{-numbersystem}=\tdescr{string}
& Set arithmetic mode to one of \texttt{scaled}, \texttt{double},
- \texttt{binary}, \texttt{decimal}\\
+ \texttt{binary}, \texttt{decimal}, \texttt{interval}\\
\cmdindex{-progname}=\tdescr{string}
& Pretend to be the \tdescr{string} executable.\\
\cmdindex{-recorder}
diff --git a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.bib b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.bib
index 7f089f8ba7..378085678c 100644
--- a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.bib
+++ b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.bib
@@ -128,6 +128,23 @@
significant slowdown with respect to other arbitrary-precision tools
--- and discuss a few applications where such a library can be useful.",
}
+@article{lib:mpfi,
+ author = {Nathalie Revol and
+ Fabrice Rouillier},
+ title = {Motivations for an Arbitrary Precision Interval Arithmetic and the
+ {MPFI} Library},
+ journal = {Reliab. Comput.},
+ volume = {11},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {275--290},
+ year = {2005},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11155-005-6891-y},
+ doi = {10.1007/S11155-005-6891-Y},
+ timestamp = {Thu, 16 Apr 2020 11:28:20 +0200},
+ biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/RevolR05.bib},
+ bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
+}
+
@misc{lib:decnumber,
key = "decnumber",
title = "dec{N}umber {ANSI} {C} implementation of General Decimal Arithmetic",
diff --git a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.tex b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.tex
index 80c7ce8d0c..990ccd75e2 100644
--- a/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.tex
+++ b/systems/doc/metapost/source-manual/mpman.tex
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
\usepackage[nofancy]{svninfo}% Access VCS information.
\svnInfo $Id$
%\svnInfo $Id$
-\newcommand*{\mpversion}{2.00}
+\newcommand*{\mpversion}{2.10}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
@@ -63,8 +63,9 @@
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage[rgb,x11names]{xcolor}% Optimize for screen reading.
-\usepackage{hyperxmp}
\usepackage{hyperref}
+\usepackage{hyperxmp}
+%%\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{
pdftitle={MetaPost: A User's Manual},
pdfauthor={John D. Hobby and the MetaPost development team},
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/NEWS b/systems/doc/pdftex/NEWS
index cce12b8b2d..1be93127d9 100644
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/NEWS
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/NEWS
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-pdfTeX 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.25
+pdfTeX 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.26 (TeX Live 2024)
+- bugfixes:
+ - more reliable text extraction on BigEndian systems.
+ - more checks against corrupt pfb, fmt, pdf, files.
+ - avoid writing a corrupt pdf given unusual pdf inclusions.
+
+pdfTeX 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.25 (TeX Live 2023) (March 9, 2023)
- changes:
- new keyword `shipout' for \special and \pdfliteral, delaying
expansion until the node is shipped out, like non-\immediate \write.
@@ -22,7 +28,7 @@ pdfTeX 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.25
- include base and accent glyph in /CharSet when the Type 1 seac
operator is used (e.g., Lucida, DejaVu Serif).
-pdfTeX 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.24 (TeX Live 2022)
+pdfTeX 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.24 (TeX Live 2022) (March 21, 2021)
- changes:
- new primitive \showstream to redirect \show output.
- new primitives \partokenname, \partokencontext to control \par insertion.
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog
index af506f2082..9f44743002 100644
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,69 @@
+2024-02-01 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex.tex (\pdfglyphtounicode): mention that a dot and anything
+ after is stripped from glyph names before looking for mappings.
+ (\pdfpxdimen): note that the pdftex default is a few sp different
+ from luatex, and both luatex and pdftex are a few sp different
+ from 72dpi. From jfbu,
+ https://tug.org/pipermail/pdftex/2023-March/009325.html.
+
+2024-01-16 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex.tex: simplify PDF inclusion for tagging,
+ mention alternatives for small verbatim,
+ use table option instead of firstaid.
+ (Still does not actually pass )
+ https://tug.org/pipermail/pdftex/2024-January/009377.html
+
+2024-01-08 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex.tex: add alt text for graphic and extra \par
+ for inline verbatim block. Suggestion from Ulrike:
+ https://tug.org/pipermail/pdftex/2024-January/009375.html
+
+ * Makefile ($(tinydoc)-fmt.pdf): forgot a `basename`.
+
+2024-01-07 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex.tex: new version of manual in LaTeX; substantially
+ the same content as the ConTeXt pdftex-t.tex (which is now removed).
+ * pdftexmanual.cls: LaTeX document class for manual.
+ * syntaxform.pl: adapt for new source.
+ * .dict.pws: aspell exceptions.
+ * Makefile: rewrite for LaTeX.
+ * README: update.
+
+ * incl: new subdirectory.
+ * incl/fdl-1.2.tex: adapted from
+ https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.tex.
+ * incl/ini-etex.txt,
+ * incl/ini-pdfetex.txt,
+ * incl/pdftexconfig.txt: renamed from previous example files.
+ * incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex: ConTeXt source to format the tiny PDF example,
+ pulled out from pdftex-t.tex.
+ * incl/pdfmin-src.tex: source for the tiny PDF example,
+ renamed from pdftex-w.tex.
+ * incl/pdftex-help.txt: generated.
+
+ * pdftex-t.tex: remove, old ConTeXt source.
+ * pdftex-i.tex: remove, old ConTeXt screen version, not built
+ for many years.
+ * syntaxform.awk: remove, not worth the trouble to update.
+ * makefiles.cmd: remove, old Windows routine.
+
+2024-01-06 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex-t.tex (\pdfximage): mention the "named" keyword
+ for named destination. This is the last change to the ConTeXt
+ source before removal and replacement by the LaTeX version.
+
+2023-04-30 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+ and Han The Thanh <hanthethanh@gmail.com>
+
+ * pdftex-t.tex (\pdfglyphtounicode): describe the
+ \pdfglyphtounicode{tfm:foo/abc}{5678}
+ feature to define abc=U+5678 for only the font foo.tfm.
+
2023-02-26 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
* pdftex-t.tex (\introducedplural): new macro.
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile
index 2c8006c192..c92a5de879 100644
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile
@@ -1,151 +1,106 @@
-# $Id: Makefile 905 2023-02-28 01:23:10Z karl $
-# Makefile for pdfTeX documentation. Public domain.
-
-# Get version we're documenting from the \def in the manual.
-pdftexversion=`sed -n 's,^.def.currentpdftex{\(.*\)},\1,p' manual/pdftex-t.tex`
-
-context = env PATH=/usr/local/texlive/dev/bin/x86_64-linux:$$PATH texexec --batchmode
-# context does not have \setupoutput.
-# texmfstart exits immediately.
-
-# what we distribute in TeX Live.
-default: pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-syntax.txt
-
-# the other formats (everything that can be built).
-all: pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-s.pdf booklet
-
-common_deps = pdftex-t.tex pdftex-w.txt pdftex-syntax.tex # pdftex-help.txt
-pdftex-a.pdf a: $(common_deps)
- $(context) --mode=a4 --result=$@ $<
-
-pdftex-l.pdf l: $(common_deps)
- $(context) --mode=letter --result=$@ $<
-
-pdftex-s.pdf s: $(common_deps) pdftex-i.tex
- $(context) --mode=screen --result=$@ $<
-
-
-# booklet version is not made by default.
-booklet: pdftex-b.pdf pdftex-b-e.pdf pdftex-b-o.pdf
-
-pdftex-b.pdf b: pdftex-a.pdf
- $(context) --pdfarrange --paper=a5a4 --print=up --addempty=1,2 \
- --result=$@ $<
-
-pdftex-b-e.pdf: pdftex-a.pdf
- $(context) --pdfarrange --paper=a5a4 --print=up --addempty=1,2 \
- --pages=even --result=$@ $<
-
-pdftex-b-o.pdf: pdftex-a.pdf
- $(context) --pdfarrange --paper=a5a4 --print=up --addempty=1,2 \
- --pages=odd --result=$@ $<
-
-
-# Creating the subsidiary/dependent files.
-
-# TeXable text for the title page.
-pdftex-w.txt: pdftex-w.pdf
+# $Id: Makefile 917 2024-01-08 23:22:17Z karl $
+# GNU makefile for pdfTeX documentation. Public domain.
+
+texfot = texfot
+pdflatex = $(texfot) pdflatex --file-line-error
+
+tinydoc = incl/pdfmin
+help_msg = incl/pdftex-help.txt
+syntax_summary = incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
+
+# dependencies for building the manual.
+deps = pdftex.tex pdftexmanual.cls \
+ $(syntax_summary) $(help_msg) $(tinydoc)-crop.pdf
+
+a4run = $(pdflatex) '\PassOptionsToClass{a4paper}{report} \input $<'
+ltrun = $(pdflatex) '\PassOptionsToClass{letterpaper}{report} \input $<'
+
+all: pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf
+
+pdftex-a.pdf: $(deps)
+ rm -f $@
+ $(a4run)
+ while grep 'Rerun to get' pdftex.log >/dev/null; do $(a4run); done
+ mv pdftex.pdf $@
+
+pdftex-l.pdf: $(deps)
+ rm -f $@
+ $(ltrun)
+ while grep 'Rerun to get' pdftex.log >/dev/null; do $(ltrun); done
+ mv pdftex.pdf $@
+
+# Run when making new manual for release; by hand, since it's too
+# irritating to depend on the binary.
+pdftex-help $(help_msg):
+ $(pdftex_binary) --help >$(help_msg)
+ (echo; echo; echo) >>$(help_msg)
+ $(pdftex_binary) --version >>$(help_msg)
+
+# Primitives and syntax, in TeX for the printed manual.
+$(syntax_summary): pdftex.tex syntaxform.pl
+ perl syntaxform.pl pdftex.tex >$(syntax_summary) || rm -f $@
+
+# We want to typeset the PDF for a tiny input file. This should be
+# updated every year:
+# - update version numbers.
+# - make new binary in source tree.
+# - run make frontispiece.pdf.
+# (Also run make pdftex-help.)
+#
+pdftex_binary = ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c/pdftex
+texdist_fonts = /usr/local/texlive/dev/texmf-dist/fonts
+#
+$(tinydoc)-src.pdf: $(tinydoc)-src.tex
+ env KPATHSEA_WARNING=0 TEXFONTS=$(texdist_fonts)// \
+ $(pdftex_binary) -ini -output-directory=incl '$<'
+
+# The title page PDF as TeXable text.
+$(tinydoc)-src.txt: $(tinydoc)-src.pdf #GNUmakefile
+ test -s $<
cat $< \
| expand \
- | fmt -s -w36 \
- | grep --text . \
+ | grep -v '^$$' \
+ | fmt -s -w45 \
| expand >$@ || rm -f $@
- wc -l pdftex-w.txt # set titlepagelines=half of this
+ wc -l $@ # set titlepagelines=half this plus one:
-# PDF for the title page. This should be updated every year;
-# - update version numbers
-# - make new binary
-# - run this target
-# Also check pdftex-help.txt for updates.
-pdftex_binary = ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c/pdftex
-pdftex-w.pdf: pdftex-w.tex Makefile
- TEXFONTS=/usr/local/texlive/dev/texmf-dist/fonts// \
- KPATHSEA_WARNING=0 \
- $(pdftex_binary) -ini '$<'
-
-
-# Too annoying to remake help text every time; check by hand when needed.
-pdftex-help.txt: force
- $(pdftex_binary) --help >$@ || rm -f $@
-force:
-
-# if we don't have a build tree around, try from PATH.
-build_binary := ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c/pdftex
-ifneq "$(realpath $(build_binary))" ""
-pdftex_binary := $(build_binary)
-else
-pdftex_binary := pdftex
-endif
-
-# Primitives and syntax, in TeX for the printed manual, and then in
-# plain text for human convenience.
-pdftex-syntax.tex: pdftex-t.tex syntaxform.pl
- perl syntaxform.pl pdftex-t.tex >pdftex-syntax.tex || rm -f $@
-
-pdftex-syntax.txt: pdftex-t.tex pdftex-syntax.tex syntaxform.awk
- gawk -f syntaxform.awk pdftex-syntax.tex $< >$@ || rm -f $@
+# Convert that TeXt to PDF.
+$(tinydoc)-fmt.pdf: $(tinydoc)-fmt.tex $(tinydoc)-src.txt
+ context $< >$(tinydoc)-fmt.fot 2>&1
+ test -s `basename $@`
+ mv `basename $(tinydoc)`-fmt.* incl/
+$(tinydoc)-crop.pdf: $(tinydoc)-fmt.pdf
+ pdfcrop $< $@
# Install from this source directory to TL.
# svn co svn://u:pw@tug.org/texlive/trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex
tltree = /home/texlive/karl/Master/texmf-dist
-dest = $(tltree)/doc/pdftex/manual
+dest = $(tltree)/doc/pdftex/manual/
INSTALL_DATA = cp -p
-install: default
- $(INSTALL_DATA) ChangeLog Makefile README makefiles.cmd $(dest)
- $(INSTALL_DATA) pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-syntax.txt $(dest)
- $(INSTALL_DATA) pdftex-t.tex pdftex-w.tex pdftex-i.tex $(dest)
- $(INSTALL_DATA) syntaxform.awk syntaxform.pl $(dest)
-
-
-# Dist and clean.
-# tar/zip including pdftex-a.pdf, pdftex-l.pdf, pdftex-s.pdf,
-# although we don't ever make such distributions any more.
-
-distall=$(distnopdf) pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-s.pdf
-
-mandir=manual
-distdate=`date +%y%m%d`
-distrev=`awk '/Id:/{print $$4; exit}' $(mandir)/pdftex-t.tex`
-
-distnopdf=pdftex-w.tex pdftex-w.txt pdftex-t.tex \
- pdftex-i.tex syntaxform.awk Makefile makefiles.cmd \
- pdftex-syntax.txt pdftex-help.txt README ChangeLog
-
-alltar: $(distall)
- cd .. && tar cvjf $(mandir)/pdftex-$(pdftexversion)-userman-$(distrev).tar.bz2 \
- $(patsubst %, $(mandir)/%, $(distall))
-
-allzip: $(distall)
- cd .. && zip $(mandir)/pdftex-$(pdftexversion)-userman-$(distrev).zip \
- $(patsubst %, $(mandir)/%, $(distall))
-
-
-# tar/zip without PDF files:
-
-tar: $(distnopdf)
- cd .. && tar cvjf $(mandir)/pdftex-$(pdftexversion)-userman-$(distrev)-src.tar.bz2 \
- $(patsubst %, $(mandir)/%, $(distnopdf))
- ls -l *.tar.bz2
-
-zip: $(distnopdf)
- cd .. && zip $(mandir)/pdftex-$(pdftexversion)-userman-$(distrev)-src.zip \
- $(patsubst %, $(mandir)/%, $(distnopdf))
+install:
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) ChangeLog Makefile README $(dest)
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) pdftex-a.pdf $(dest)
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) pdftex.tex pdftexmanual.cls $(dest)
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) incl/*.txt incl/*.tex incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf $(dest)/incl
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) syntaxform.pl $(dest)
+# clean.
clean:
- rm -f *.log *.tuo *.tui *.top *.tmp *-mpgraph.mp
+ rm -f *.aux *.log *.out *.toc
+ rm -f incl/*.fot incl/*.log incl/*.tuc
+ rm -f incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
maintainer-clean: clean
- rm -f pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-s.pdf
- rm -f pdftex-b.pdf pdftex-b-e.pdf pdftex-b-o.pdf
- rm -f pdftex-help.txt pdftex-syntax.txt pdftex-syntax.tex
- rm -f pdftex-w.pdf pdftex-w.txt
+ rm -f pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf
+ rm -f incl/pdftex-help.txt incl/*.pdf
clobber allclean realclean distclean: maintainer-clean
spell:
- myspell pdftex-t.tex
+ dw <pdftex.tex | grep -v cmr10; true
+ myspell pdftex.tex
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/README b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/README
index be29ce125f..ec15f7771f 100644
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/README
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/README
@@ -1,29 +1,32 @@
-$Id: README 742 2016-04-25 17:30:55Z karl $
-
+$Id: README 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
(This README file public domain.)
Documentation files for pdfTeX:
-pdftex-a.pdf A4 paper size
-pdftex-l.pdf letter paper size
-pdftex-s.pdf screen format
-pdftex-b.pdf A5 booklet made from pdftex-a.pdf
-pdftex-b-e.pdf A5 booklet, even pages
-pdftex-b-o.pdf A5 booklet, odd pages
+Final output:
+pdftex-a.pdf PDF at A4 paper size
+pdftex-l.pdf PDF at letter paper size
+
+Sources:
+pdftex.tex source for manual (LaTeX)
+pdftexmanual.cls document class for manual (LaTeX)
+incl/pdfmin-src.tex source for tiny pdf example (plain)
+incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex source for formatting it (ConTeXt)
-pdftex-t.tex source for manual (ConTeXt)
-pdftex-w.tex source for title page (plain)
-pdftex-i.tex settings for screen output (ConTeXt)
+Files to be kept in sync (more or less) with outside sources:
+incl/fdl-1.2.tex license text, static
+incl/ini-etex.txt .ini example, static
+incl/ini-pdfetex.txt another .ini example, static
+incl/pdftexconfig.txt example pdftex config file
-pdftex-help.txt output of --help
-pdftex-syntax.tex primitives and syntax rules, autogenerated from manual
-pdftex-syntax.txt autogenerated from .tex
+Generated files:
+incl/pdftex-help.txt output of --help, must be updated by hand
+incl/pdftex-syntax.tex primitives and syntax rules, autogenerated from manual
-syntaxform.pl script for making pdftex-syntax.tex
-syntaxform.awk script for making pdftex-syntax.txt
+Helper script:
+syntaxform.pl script for making incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
The Makefile has the rules for building everything.
-For Windows, see makefiles.cmd, though it has not been updated in years.
If working on the manual, make clean removes all the temporary files.
make maintainer-clean removes everything that can be generated.
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/fdl-1.2.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/fdl-1.2.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44f3013df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/fdl-1.2.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+%\chapter*{\rlap{GNU Free Documentation License}}
+%\phantomsection % so hyperref creates bookmarks
+%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{GNU Free Documentation License}
+%\label{label_fdl}
+
+\chapter{GNU Free Documentation License (v1.2)}
+
+ \begin{center}
+
+ Version 1.2, November 2002
+
+
+ Copyright \copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ \bigskip
+
+ 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+
+ \bigskip
+
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+\end{center}
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\bf\large Preamble}
+\end{center}
+
+The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
+functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to
+assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
+with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
+Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
+to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
+for modifications made by others.
+
+This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
+works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
+complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
+license designed for free software.
+
+We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
+software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
+program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
+software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
+it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
+whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
+principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS}
+\end{center}
+
+This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
+contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
+distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
+world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
+work under the conditions stated herein. The ``\textbf{Document}'', below,
+refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
+licensee, and is addressed as ``\textbf{you}''. You accept the license if you
+copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
+under copyright law.
+
+A ``\textbf{Modified Version}'' of the Document means any work containing the
+Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
+modifications and/or translated into another language.
+
+A ``\textbf{Secondary Section}'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
+the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
+(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
+within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
+textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
+mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
+connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
+commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
+them.
+
+The ``\textbf{Invariant Sections}'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
+are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
+that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
+section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
+allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
+Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
+Sections then there are none.
+
+The ``\textbf{Cover Texts}'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
+as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
+the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
+be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
+
+A ``\textbf{Transparent}'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+represented in a format whose specification is available to the
+general public, that is suitable for revising the document
+straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
+pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
+drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
+for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
+to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
+format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
+or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
+An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
+of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``\textbf{Opaque}''.
+
+Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
+ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
+or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
+HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
+transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
+include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
+proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
+processing tools are not generally available, and the
+machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
+processors for output purposes only.
+
+The ``\textbf{Title Page}'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
+this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
+formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
+the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
+preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+
+A section ``\textbf{Entitled XYZ}'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
+title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
+text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
+specific section name mentioned below, such as ``\textbf{Acknowledgements}'',
+``\textbf{Dedications}'', ``\textbf{Endorsements}'', or ``\textbf{History}''.)
+To ``\textbf{Preserve the Title}''
+of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
+section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
+
+The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
+states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
+Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
+License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
+implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
+no effect on the meaning of this License.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 2. VERBATIM COPYING\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{2. VERBATIM COPYING}
+\end{center}
+
+You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
+commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
+copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
+to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
+conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
+technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
+copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
+compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
+number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section~3.
+
+You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
+you may publicly display copies.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{3. COPYING IN QUANTITY}
+\end{center}
+
+
+If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
+printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
+Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
+copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
+Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
+the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
+you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
+the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
+visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
+Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
+the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
+as verbatim copying in other respects.
+
+If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
+legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
+reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
+pages.
+
+If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
+more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
+copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
+a computer-network location from which the general network-using
+public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
+a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
+If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
+when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
+that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
+location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
+Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
+edition to the public.
+
+It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
+Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
+them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 4. MODIFICATIONS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{4. MODIFICATIONS}
+\end{center}
+
+You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
+the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
+the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
+Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
+and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
+of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item[A.]
+ Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+ from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
+ (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
+ of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
+ if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
+
+\item[B.]
+ List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+ responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
+ Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
+ Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
+ unless they release you from this requirement.
+
+\item[C.]
+ State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+ Modified Version, as the publisher.
+
+\item[D.]
+ Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+
+\item[E.]
+ Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+ adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+
+\item[F.]
+ Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
+ giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
+ terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
+
+\item[G.]
+ Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
+ and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
+
+\item[H.]
+ Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+
+\item[I.]
+ Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
+ to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
+ publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
+ there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
+ stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
+ given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
+ Version as stated in the previous sentence.
+
+\item[J.]
+ Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
+ public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
+ the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
+ it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
+ You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
+ least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
+ publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
+
+\item[K.]
+ For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
+ Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
+ the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
+ and/or dedications given therein.
+
+\item[L.]
+ Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
+ unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
+ or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+
+\item[M.]
+ Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
+ may not be included in the Modified Version.
+
+\item[N.]
+ Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements''
+ or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
+
+\item[O.]
+ Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
+\end{itemize}
+
+If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
+appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
+copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
+of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
+list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
+These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
+
+You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
+nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
+parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
+been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
+standard.
+
+You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
+passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
+of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
+Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
+includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
+by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
+you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
+permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
+
+The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
+give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
+imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS}
+\end{center}
+
+
+You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
+License, under the terms defined in section~4 above for modified
+versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
+Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
+list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
+license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
+
+The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
+multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
+copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
+different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
+adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
+author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
+Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
+Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
+
+In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
+in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
+``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
+and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all sections
+Entitled ``Endorsements''.
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS}
+\end{center}
+
+You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
+released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
+License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
+the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
+verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
+
+You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
+it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
+License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
+other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS}
+\end{center}
+
+
+A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
+and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
+distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
+resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
+of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
+When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
+apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
+derivative works of the Document.
+
+If the Cover Text requirement of section~3 is applicable to these
+copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
+the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
+covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
+electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
+Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
+aggregate.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 8. TRANSLATION\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{8. TRANSLATION}
+\end{center}
+
+
+Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
+distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section~4.
+Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
+permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
+translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
+original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
+translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
+Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
+the original English version of this License and the original versions
+of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
+the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
+or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
+
+If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
+``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section~4) to Preserve
+its Title (section~1) will typically require changing the actual
+title.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 9. TERMINATION\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{9. TERMINATION}
+\end{center}
+
+
+You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
+as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
+copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
+automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
+parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
+License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE}
+\end{center}
+
+
+The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
+of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
+https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+
+Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
+If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
+License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
+following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
+of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
+Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
+number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
+as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents}
+\end{center}
+
+To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
+the License in the document and put the following copyright and
+license notices just after the title page:
+
+\bigskip
+\begin{quote}
+ Copyright \copyright{} YEAR YOUR NAME.
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+ with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
+ A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+ Free Documentation License''.
+\end{quote}
+\bigskip
+
+If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
+replace the ``with \dots\ Texts.'' line with this:
+
+\bigskip
+\begin{quote}
+ with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
+ Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
+\end{quote}
+\bigskip
+
+If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
+combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
+situation.
+
+If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
+recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
+free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
+to permit their use in free software.
+
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-etex.txt b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-etex.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8db7a942e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-etex.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
+\input etex.src
+\dump
+\endinput
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-pdfetex.txt b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-pdfetex.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f88b7ac77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-pdfetex.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
+% This is used for pdftex and pdfetex, which are now identical: both
+% with e-TeX extensions, both with pdf output.
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input etex.src
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\dump
+\endinput
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4bc6d1552b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15e66c635d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+% $Id: pdfmin-fmt.tex 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
+% ConTeXt file to generate the two-column PDF output we show at the
+% beginning. Since this code was already written, and still works,
+% we just keep using it, instead of rewriting in LaTeX or plain TeX.
+
+\setuppapersize[letter][letter]
+
+\starttext
+% The number of lines on the title page depends on exactly
+% what \PDF\ code is generated; the Makefile outputs this.
+% See frontispiece.txt.
+\setvariables[pdftex][titlepagelines=61]
+
+% title page
+
+\definelayout
+ [titlepage]
+ [backspace=0pt, % left margin
+ cutspace=1.5in, % less between columns
+ topspace=0pt,
+ bottomspace=0pt,
+ header=0pt,
+ footer=0pt,
+ lines=\getvariable{pdftex}{titlepagelines},
+ grid=yes,
+ width=middle]
+
+\definecolumnset
+ [titlepage]
+ [n=2,distance=.66in]
+
+\start
+ \chardef\fontdigits=2
+ \switchtobodyfont[11pt,tt]
+ \setupinterlinespace
+ [line=\dimexpr((\paperheight)/\getvariable{pdftex}{titlepagelines})]
+ \setuptyping[margin=,color=]
+ \setuplayout[titlepage]
+
+ \startcolumnset[titlepage]
+ \typefile{incl/pdfmin-src.txt}
+ \stopcolumnset
+
+ \page
+ \setuplayout
+\stop
+
+\stoptext
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-w.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.tex
index a32da4e54c..c6986788ac 100644
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-w.tex
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.tex
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-% $Id: pdftex-w.tex 849 2021-02-18 17:55:44Z karl $
+% $Id: pdfmin-src.tex 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
% run with -ini:
\catcode`{=1 \catcode`}=2
\def\TeX{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.txt b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89cc7c960f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+%PDF-1.4
+%
+3 0 obj
+<<
+/Length 119
+>>
+stream
+BT
+/F1 9.9626 Tf 72 713.245 Td
+[(W)80(elcome)-250(to)-250(pdfT)]TJ 67.818
+-2.241 Td [(E)]TJ 4.842 2.241 Td [(X!)]TJ
+ET
+endstream
+endobj
+2 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Page
+/Contents 3 0 R
+/Resources 1 0 R
+/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
+/Parent 5 0 R
+>>
+endobj
+1 0 obj
+<<
+/Font << /F1 4 0 R >>
+/ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ]
+>>
+endobj
+7 0 obj
+[333 408 500 500 833 778 333 333 333 500 564
+250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
+500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722
+667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611
+889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944
+722 722 611 333 278 333 469 500 333 444 500
+444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778
+500 500 500 500 333 389 278]
+endobj
+8 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /FontDescriptor
+/FontName /Times-Roman
+/Flags 2
+/FontBBox [0 -216 1000 678]
+/Ascent 678
+/CapHeight 651
+/Descent -216
+/ItalicAngle 0
+/StemV 83
+/XHeight 450
+>>
+endobj
+6 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Encoding
+/Differences [33/exclam 69/E 84/T 87/W/X
+99/c/d/e/f 108/l/m 111/o/p 116/t]
+>>
+endobj
+4 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Font
+/Subtype /Type1
+/BaseFont /Times-Roman
+/FontDescriptor 8 0 R
+/FirstChar 33
+/LastChar 116
+/Widths 7 0 R
+/Encoding 6 0 R
+>>
+endobj
+5 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Pages
+/Count 1
+/Kids [2 0 R]
+>>
+endobj
+9 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Catalog
+/Pages 5 0 R
+>>
+endobj
+10 0 obj
+<<
+/Producer (pdfTeX-1.40.25)
+/Creator (TeX)
+/CreationDate (D:20240108150253-08'00')
+/ModDate (D:20240108150253-08'00')
+/Trapped /False
+/PTEX.Fullbanner (This is pdfTeX, Version
+3.141592653-2.6-1.40.25 (TeX Live 2023)
+kpathsea version 6.3.5)
+>>
+endobj
+xref
+0 11
+0000000000 65535 f
+0000000296 00000 n
+0000000192 00000 n
+0000000015 00000 n
+0000001010 00000 n
+0000001162 00000 n
+0000000898 00000 n
+0000000363 00000 n
+0000000716 00000 n
+0000001219 00000 n
+0000001268 00000 n
+trailer
+<< /Size 11
+/Root 9 0 R
+/Info 10 0 R
+/ID [<D7AF4FB2094D7DD8EC2DCBE1494C911E>
+<D7AF4FB2094D7DD8EC2DCBE1494C911E>] >>
+startxref
+1529
+%%EOF
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-help.txt b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-help.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..570587e4e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-help.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+Usage: pdftex [OPTION]... [TEXNAME[.tex]] [COMMANDS]
+ or: pdftex [OPTION]... \FIRST-LINE
+ or: pdftex [OPTION]... &FMT ARGS
+ Run pdfTeX on TEXNAME, usually creating TEXNAME.pdf.
+ Any remaining COMMANDS are processed as pdfTeX input, after TEXNAME is read.
+ If the first line of TEXNAME is %&FMT, and FMT is an existing .fmt file,
+ use it. Else use `NAME.fmt', where NAME is the program invocation name,
+ most commonly `pdftex'.
+
+ Alternatively, if the first non-option argument begins with a backslash,
+ interpret all non-option arguments as a line of pdfTeX input.
+
+ Alternatively, if the first non-option argument begins with a &, the
+ next word is taken as the FMT to read, overriding all else. Any
+ remaining arguments are processed as above.
+
+ If no arguments or options are specified, prompt for input.
+
+-cnf-line=STRING parse STRING as a configuration file line
+-draftmode switch on draft mode (generates no output PDF)
+-enc enable encTeX extensions such as \mubyte
+-etex enable e-TeX extensions
+[-no]-file-line-error disable/enable file:line:error style messages
+-fmt=FMTNAME use FMTNAME instead of program name or a %& line
+-halt-on-error stop processing at the first error
+-ini be pdfinitex, for dumping formats; this is implicitly
+ true if the program name is `pdfinitex'
+-interaction=STRING set interaction mode (STRING=batchmode/nonstopmode/
+ scrollmode/errorstopmode)
+-ipc send DVI output to a socket as well as the usual
+ output file
+-ipc-start as -ipc, and also start the server at the other end
+-jobname=STRING set the job name to STRING
+-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER set path searching debugging flags according to
+ the bits of NUMBER
+[-no]-mktex=FMT disable/enable mktexFMT generation (FMT=tex/tfm/pk)
+-mltex enable MLTeX extensions such as \charsubdef
+-output-comment=STRING use STRING for DVI file comment instead of date
+ (no effect for PDF)
+-output-directory=DIR use existing DIR as the directory to write files in
+-output-format=FORMAT use FORMAT for job output; FORMAT is `dvi' or `pdf'
+[-no]-parse-first-line disable/enable parsing of first line of input file
+-progname=STRING set program (and fmt) name to STRING
+-recorder enable filename recorder
+[-no]-shell-escape disable/enable \write18{SHELL COMMAND}
+-shell-restricted enable restricted \write18
+-src-specials insert source specials into the DVI file
+-src-specials=WHERE insert source specials in certain places of
+ the DVI file. WHERE is a comma-separated value
+ list: cr display hbox math par parend vbox
+-synctex=NUMBER generate SyncTeX data for previewers according to
+ bits of NUMBER (`man synctex' for details)
+-translate-file=TCXNAME use the TCX file TCXNAME
+-8bit make all characters printable by default
+-help display this help and exit
+-version output version information and exit
+
+pdfTeX home page: <http://pdftex.org>
+
+Email bug reports to pdftex@tug.org (https://lists.tug.org/pdftex).
+
+
+
+pdfTeX 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.25 (TeX Live 2023)
+kpathsea version 6.3.5
+Copyright 2023 Han The Thanh (pdfTeX) et al.
+There is NO warranty. Redistribution of this software is
+covered by the terms of both the pdfTeX copyright and
+the Lesser GNU General Public License.
+For more information about these matters, see the file
+named COPYING and the pdfTeX source.
+Primary author of pdfTeX: Han The Thanh (pdfTeX) et al.
+Compiled with libpng 1.6.39; using libpng 1.6.39
+Compiled with zlib 1.2.13; using zlib 1.2.13
+Compiled with xpdf version 4.04
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-syntax.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d27a524b91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,660 @@
+% This is the list of new or extended primitives provided by pdftex.
+% Don't edit this file, as it is auto-generated from the
+% pdfTeX manual source pdftex.tex by the script syntaxform.pl.
+% Syntax rule conventions borrowed from `TeXbook naruby' by Petr Olsak.
+\section{Integer registers}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{efcode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{knaccode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{knbccode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{knbscode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{lpcode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfadjustinterwordglue} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfappendkern} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfdecimaldigits} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfdraftmode} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfforcepagebox} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfgamma} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfgentounicode} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfimageapplygamma} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfimagegamma} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfimagehicolor} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfimageresolution} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinclusioncopyfonts} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinfoomitdate} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmajorversion} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfminorversion} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmovechars} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfomitcharset} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfomitinfodict} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfomitprocset} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfoutput} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpagebox} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpkresolution} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfprependkern} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfprotrudechars} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupdest} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupmap} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftracingfonts} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfuniqueresname} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{rpcode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{shbscode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{showstream} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{stbscode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{tagcode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{tracinglostchars} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{tracingstacklevels} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+\section{Read-only integers}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfelapsedtime} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastannot} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastlink} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastobj} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastxform} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastximage} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastximagecolordepth} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastximagepages} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastxpos} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastypos} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrandomseed} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfretval} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfshellescape} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftexversion} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+\section{Dimen registers}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfdestmargin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfeachlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfeachlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffirstlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfhorigin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfignoreddimen} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflinkmargin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpageheight} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpagewidth} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpxdimen} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfthreadmargin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfvorigin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+\section{Token registers}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpageattr} \Whatever{tokens}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpageresources} \Whatever{tokens}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpagesattr} \Whatever{tokens}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpkmode} \Whatever{tokens}
+}
+\section{Expandable commands}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{expanded} \Something{tokens} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{ifincsname} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{ifpdfabsdim} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{ifpdfabsnum} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{ifpdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{input} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{leftmarginkern} \Something{box number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcolorstackinit} \Optional{\Literal{page}} \Optional{\Literal{direct}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcreationdate} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfescapehex} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfescapename} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfescapestring} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffiledump} \Optional{\Literal{offset} \Something{integer}} \Optional{\Literal{length} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffilemoddate} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffilesize} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontname} \Something{font} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontobjnum} \Something{font} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontsize} \Something{font} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfincludechars} \Something{font} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinsertht} \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastmatch} \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmatch} \Optional{\Literal{icase}} \Optional{\Literal{subcount} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmdfivesum} \Optional{\Literal{file}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfnormaldeviate} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpageref} \Something{page number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfstrcmp} \Something{general text} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftexbanner} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftexrevision} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfunescapehex} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfuniformdeviate} \Something{number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfxformname} \Something{object number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfximagebbox} \Something{integer} \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{rightmarginkern} \Something{box number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+\section{General commands}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{letterspacefont} \Something{control sequence} \Something{font} \Something{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{partokencontext} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{partokenname} \Something{control sequence}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfannot} \Something{annot type spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcatalog} \Something{general text} \Optional{\Literal{openaction} \Something{action spec}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcolorstack} \Something{stack number} \Something{stack action} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcopyfont} \Something{control sequence} \Something{font}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfdest} \Something{dest spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfendlink} \Modelist{h, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfendthread} \Modelist{v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffakespace}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontattr} \Something{font} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontexpand} \Something{font} \Something{stretch} \Something{shrink} \Something{step} \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfglyphtounicode} \Something{general text} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinfo} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinterwordspaceoff}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinterwordspaceon}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfliteral} \Optional{\Literal{shipout}} \Optional{\Literal{direct} \Or \Literal{page}} \Something{general text} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmapfile} \Something{map filename}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmapline} \Something{map spec}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfnames} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfnobuiltintounicode} \Something{font}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfnoligatures} \Something{font}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfobj} \Something{object type spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfoutline} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{action spec} \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrefobj} \Something{object number} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrefxform} \Something{object number} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrefximage} \Something{object number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfresettimer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrestore}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrunninglinkoff}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrunninglinkon}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsave}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsavepos} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsetmatrix}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsetrandomseed} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfspacefont} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfstartlink} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{action spec} \Modelist{h, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfthread} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{id spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftrailer} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftrailerid} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftstartthread} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{id spec} \Modelist{v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfxform} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Optional{\Something{resources spec}} \Something{box number} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfximage} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}} \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}} \Next \Something{general text} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{quitvmode}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:} \Something{text}\Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:direct:} \Something{text}\Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:page:} \Something{text}\Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{special} \Optional{\Literal{shipout}} \Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{vadjust} \Optional{\Something{pre spec}} \Something{filler} \Lbrace \Something{vertical mode material} \Rbrace \Modelist{h, m}
+}
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftexconfig.txt b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftexconfig.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b3011a22c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftexconfig.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+% tex-ini-files 2016-04-15: pdftexconfig.tex
+
+% Load shared (PDF) settings in pdfTeX
+
+% Enable PDF output
+\pdfoutput = 1
+
+% Paper size: dimensions given in absolute terms
+\pdfpageheight = 11 true in
+\pdfpagewidth = 8.5 true in
+
+% Enable PDF 1.5 output and thus more compression
+\pdfminorversion = 5
+\pdfobjcompresslevel = 2
+
+% Low-level settings unlikely ever to need to change
+\pdfcompresslevel = 9
+\pdfdecimaldigits = 3
+\pdfpkresolution = 600
+\pdfhorigin = 1 true in
+\pdfvorigin = 1 true in
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/makefiles.cmd b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/makefiles.cmd
deleted file mode 100644
index 5bda71136c..0000000000
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/makefiles.cmd
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-rem texexec --format=plain pdftex-x
-rem copy pdf file to pdftex-y and edit that file
-rem texexec --format=plain pdftex-z
-
-texexec --pdf --result=pdftex-a pdftex-t
-texexec --pdf --result=pdftex-b pdftex-a --pdfarrange --print=up --paper=A4A3 --addempty=1,2
-
-texexec --pdf --result=pdftex-l pdftex-t --mode=letter
-texexec --pdf --result=pdftex-s pdftex-t --mode=screen
-
-del /q pdftex.zip
-
-zip pdftex pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-s.pdf pdftex-t.tex pdftex-i.tex pdftex-t.txt makefiles.cmd
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf
index 878bab8737..3719390ec0 100644
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-i.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-i.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 28036649bc..0000000000
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-i.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-%$Id: pdftex-i.tex 635 2010-11-14 19:15:12Z karl $
-
-\pdfmapline{+contnav ContextNavigation <contnav.pfb}
-\startmode[screen]
-
-\setuppapersize
- [S6][S6]
-
-\setuplayout
- [topspace=20pt,
- backspace=40pt,
- width=520pt,
- height=390pt,
- lines=29,
- header=0pt,
- footer=0pt,
- bottomdistance=10pt,
- bottom=20pt,
- leftmargin=30pt,
- leftmargindistance=10pt,
- rightmargin=0pt,
- rightedge=27.5pt,
- rightedgedistance=7.5pt]
-
-\setupcolors
- [state=start]
-
-\setupbackgrounds
- [page]
- [background=color,
- backgroundcolor=ColorP]
-
-\setupbackgrounds
- [text][text]
- [backgroundoffset=2.5pt,
- background=color,
- backgroundcolor=ColorT]
-
-\definecolor [ColorT] [s=.85]
-\definecolor [ColorP] [r=.3,g=.4,b=.5]
-\definecolor [ColorI] [r=.95,g=.95,b=0]
-
-\setupinteraction
- [state=start,
- menu=on,
- color=ColorP,
- contrastcolor=ColorP]
-
-\setupfootnotedefinition
- [location=serried,
- width=fit]
-
-\setuptabulate
- [rulecolor=ColorP]
-
-\setupfootnotes
- [rulecolor=ColorP]
-
-\setupinteractionmenu
- [right,bottom]
- [state=start,
- color=ColorI,
- contrastcolor=ColorI,
- style=bold,
- frame=off]
-
-\setuplist
- [chapter,section]
- [pagenumber=off]
-
-\startinteractionmenu[right]
- \bodyfontsize=20pt
- \but [firstpage] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[firstpage]} \\
- \but [lastpage] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[lastpage]} \\ \vfill
- \but [previouspage] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[previouspage]} \\
- \but [nextpage] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[nextpage]} \\ \vfill
- \but [PreviousJump] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[PreviousJump]} \\
- \but [NextJump] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[NextJump]} \\
-\stopinteractionmenu
-
-\startinteractionmenu[bottom]
- \but [contents] content \\ \hfill
- \but [paperversion::] The pdf\TeX\ user manual \\ \hfill
- \but [CloseDocument] exit \\
-\stopinteractionmenu
-
-\setuphead
- [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive,subject]
- [textcolor=ColorP,
- numbercolor=ColorT]
-
-\def\SubSub#1{\mathematics{\color[ColorT]{\blacktriangleright}}}
-
-\useexternaldocument[paperversion][pdftex-a]
-
-\coupledocument
- [paperversion]
- [pdftex-a]
- [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive]
- [the paper version]
-
-\setuphead
- [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive]
- [file=paperversion]
-
-\stopmode
-
-\startbuffer[screen]
-
-\setupbackgrounds [page] [background={color,content}]
-\defineoverlay [content] [\overlaybutton{contents}]
-\setupinteraction [menu=off]
-
-\startstandardmakeup
- \setupalign[middle]
- \startcolor[ColorP]
- \definefont[test][TitleFont at 130pt] \test \setupinterlinespace
- \strut PDF\kern.1em\TeX
- \definefont[test][TitleFont at 60pt] \test \setupinterlinespace
- \vfill
- users manual
- \vfill
- \definefont[test][TitleFont at 15pt] \test \setupinterlinespace
- \leavevmode
- \gotobox{\strut \underbar{H\`an Th\^e Th\`anh}}[url(thanh)]\quad
- \gotobox{\strut Sebastian Rahtz}[url(sebastian)]\quad
- \gotobox{\strut Hans Hagen}[url(hans)]\quad
- \gotobox{\strut Hartmut Henkel}[url(hartmut)]
- \vfill
- \stopcolor
-\stopstandardmakeup
-
-\setupinteraction [menu=on]
-\setupbackgrounds [page] [background=color]
-
-\stopbuffer
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-syntax.txt b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-syntax.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 59cb911e35..0000000000
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-syntax.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,784 +0,0 @@
-%% $Id: syntaxform.pl 742 2016-04-25 17:30:55Z karl $
-%% This is the list of new or extended primitives provided by pdftex.
-%% Don't edit this file, as it is now auto-generated from the
-%% pdfTeX manual source pdftex-t.tex (and the generated
-%% pdftex-syntax.tex) by the script syntaxform.awk.
-%% Syntax rule conventions borrowed from `TeXbook naruby' by Petr Olsak.
-
-%% Integer registers:
-\efcode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\knaccode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\knbccode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\knbscode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\lpcode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\pdfadjustinterwordglue (integer)
-\pdfadjustspacing (integer)
-\pdfappendkern (integer)
-\pdfcompresslevel (integer)
-\pdfdecimaldigits (integer)
-\pdfdraftmode (integer)
-\pdfforcepagebox (integer)
-\pdfgamma (integer)
-\pdfgentounicode (integer)
-\pdfimageapplygamma (integer)
-\pdfimagegamma (integer)
-\pdfimagehicolor (integer)
-\pdfimageresolution (integer)
-\pdfinclusioncopyfonts (integer)
-\pdfinclusionerrorlevel (integer)
-\pdfinfoomitdate (integer)
-\pdfmajorversion (integer)
-\pdfminorversion (integer)
-\pdfobjcompresslevel (integer)
-\pdfomitcharset (integer)
-\pdfomitinfodict (integer)
-\pdfomitprocset (integer)
-\pdfoutput (integer)
-\pdfpagebox (integer)
-\pdfpkresolution (integer)
-\pdfprependkern (integer)
-\pdfprotrudechars (integer)
-\pdfsuppressptexinfo (integer)
-\pdfsuppresswarningdupdest (integer)
-\pdfsuppresswarningdupmap (integer)
-\pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup (integer)
-\pdftracingfonts (integer)
-\pdfuniqueresname (integer)
-\rpcode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\shbscode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\showstream (integer)
-\stbscode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\tagcode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\tracinglostchars (integer)
-\tracingstacklevels (integer)
-
-%% Read-only integers:
-\pdfelapsedtime (read-only integer)
-\pdflastannot (read-only integer)
-\pdflastlink (read-only integer)
-\pdflastobj (read-only integer)
-\pdflastxform (read-only integer)
-\pdflastximage (read-only integer)
-\pdflastximagecolordepth (read-only integer)
-\pdflastximagepages (read-only integer)
-\pdflastxpos (read-only integer)
-\pdflastypos (read-only integer)
-\pdfrandomseed (read-only integer)
-\pdfretval (read-only integer)
-\pdfshellescape (read-only integer)
-\pdftexversion (read-only integer)
-
-%% Dimen registers:
-\pdfdestmargin (dimen)
-\pdfeachlinedepth (dimen)
-\pdfeachlineheight (dimen)
-\pdffirstlineheight (dimen)
-\pdfhorigin (dimen)
-\pdfignoreddimen (dimen)
-\pdflastlinedepth (dimen)
-\pdflinkmargin (dimen)
-\pdfpageheight (dimen)
-\pdfpagewidth (dimen)
-\pdfpxdimen (dimen)
-\pdfthreadmargin (dimen)
-\pdfvorigin (dimen)
-
-%% Token registers:
-\pdfpageattr (tokens)
-\pdfpageresources (tokens)
-\pdfpagesattr (tokens)
-\pdfpkmode (tokens)
-
-%% Expandable commands:
-\expanded <tokens> (expandable)
-\ifincsname (expandable)
-\ifpdfabsdim (expandable)
-\ifpdfabsnum (expandable)
-\ifpdfprimitive <control sequence> (expandable)
-\input <general text> (expandable)
-\leftmarginkern <box number> (expandable)
-\pdfcolorstackinit [page] [direct] <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfcreationdate (expandable)
-\pdfescapehex <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfescapename <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfescapestring <general text> (expandable)
-\pdffiledump [offset <integer>] [length <integer>] <general text> (expandable)
-\pdffilemoddate <general text> (expandable)
-\pdffilesize <general text> (expandable)
-\pdffontname <font> (expandable)
-\pdffontobjnum <font> (expandable)
-\pdffontsize <font> (expandable)
-\pdfincludechars <font> <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfinsertht <integer> (expandable)
-\pdflastmatch <integer> (expandable)
-\pdfmatch [icase] [subcount <integer>] <general text> <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfmdfivesum [file] <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfnormaldeviate (expandable)
-\pdfpageref <page number> (expandable)
-\pdfstrcmp <general text> <general text> (expandable)
-\pdftexbanner (expandable)
-\pdftexrevision (expandable)
-\pdfunescapehex <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfuniformdeviate <number> (expandable)
-\pdfxformname <object number> (expandable)
-\pdfximagebbox <integer> <integer> (expandable)
-\rightmarginkern <box number> (expandable)
-
-%% General commands:
-\letterspacefont <control sequence> <font> <integer>
-\partokenname <control sequence>
-\pdfannot <annot type spec> (h, v, m)
-\pdfcatalog <general text> [openaction <action spec>]
-\pdfcolorstack <stack number> <stack action> <general text>
-\pdfcopyfont <control sequence> <font>
-\pdfdest <dest spec> (h, v, m)
-\pdfendlink (h, m)
-\pdfendthread (v, m)
-\pdffakespace
-\pdffontattr <font> <general text>
-\pdffontexpand <font> <stretch> <shrink> <step> [autoexpand]
-\pdfglyphtounicode <general text> <general text>
-\pdfinfo <general text>
-\pdfinterwordspaceoff
-\pdfinterwordspaceon
-\pdfliteral [shipout] [direct | page] <general text> (h, v, m)
-\pdfmapfile <map spec>
-\pdfmapline <map spec>
-\pdfnames <general text>
-\pdfnobuiltintounicode <font>
-\pdfnoligatures <font>
-\pdfobj <object type spec> (h, v, m)
-\pdfoutline [<attr spec>] <action spec> [count <integer>] <general text> (h, v, m)
-\pdfprimitive <control sequence>
-\pdfrefobj <object number> (h, v, m)
-\pdfrefxform <object number> (h, v, m)
-\pdfrefximage <object number>
-\pdfresettimer
-\pdfrestore
-\pdfrunninglinkoff
-\pdfrunninglinkon
-\pdfsave
-\pdfsavepos (h, v, m)
-\pdfsetmatrix
-\pdfsetrandomseed <number>
-\pdfspacefont <general text>
-\pdfstartlink [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] <action spec> (h, m)
-\pdfthread [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] <id spec> (h, v, m)
-\pdftrailer <general text>
-\pdftrailerid <general text>
-\pdftstartthread [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] <id spec> (v, m)
-\pdfxform [<attr spec>] [<resources spec>] <box number> (h, v, m)
-\pdfximage [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] [<page spec>] [<colorspace spec>] [<pdf box spec>] <general text> (h, v, m)
-\quitvmode
-\special {pdf: <text> }
-\special {pdf:direct: <text> }
-\special {pdf:page: <text> }
-\special [shipout] {<general text> }
-\vadjust [<pre spec>] <filler> { <vertical mode material> } (h, m)
-
-%% Syntax rules:
-<general text> --> { <balanced text> }
-<attr spec> --> attr <general text>
-<resources spec> --> resources <general text>
-<rule spec> --> (width | height | depth) <dimen> [<rule spec>]
-<object type spec> --> reserveobjnum
- | [useobjnum <number>] [stream [<attr spec>]] <object contents>
-<annot type spec> --> reserveobjnum
- | [useobjnum <number>] [<rule spec>] <general text>
-<object contents> --> <file spec>
- | <general text>
-<xform attr spec> --> [<attr spec>] [<resources spec>]
-<image attr spec> --> [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] [<page spec>] [<colorspace spec>] [<pdf box spec>]
-<outline spec> --> [<attr spec>] <action spec> [count <number>] <general text>
-<action spec> --> user <user-action spec>
- | goto <goto-action spec>
- | thread <thread-action spec>
-<user-action spec> --> <general text>
-<goto-action struct spec> --> struct (<numid> | nameid | <general text>)
-<goto-action spec> --> [<goto-action struct spec>] <numid>
- | [<file spec>] [<goto-action struct spec>] <nameid>
- | [<file spec>] [<goto-action struct spec>] [<page spec>] <general text>
- | <file spec> [<goto-action struct spec>] <nameid> <newwindow spec>
- | <file spec> [<goto-action struct spec>] [<page spec>] <general text> <newwindow spec>
-<thread-action spec> --> [<file spec>] <numid>
- | [<file spec>] <nameid>
-<colorspace spec> --> colorspace <number>
-<pdf box spec> --> mediabox | cropbox | bleedbox | trimbox | artbox
-<map spec> --> { [<map modifier>] <balanced text> }
-<map modifier> --> + | = | -
-<numid> --> num <number>
-<nameid> --> name <general text>
-<newwindow spec> --> newwindow | nonewwindow
-<dest spec> --> [struct <number>] \\
- (<numid> | <nameid>)
- <dest type>
-<dest type> --> xyz [zoom <number>]
- | fitr <rule spec>
- | fitbh
- | fitbv
- | fitb
- | fith
- | fitv
- | fit
-<thread spec> --> [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] <id spec>
-<id spec> --> <numid> | <nameid>
-<file spec> --> file <general text>
-<page spec> --> page <number>
-<expand spec> --> <stretch> <shrink> <step> [autoexpand]
-<stretch> --> <number>
-<shrink> --> <number>
-<step> --> <number>
-<pre spec> --> pre
-<pdfspecial spec> --> { [<pdfspecial id> [<pdfspecial modifier>]] <balanced text> }
-<pdfspecial id> --> pdf: | PDF:
-<pdfspecial modifier> --> direct:
-<stack action> --> set | push | pop | current
-<goto-action spec> --> [<goto-action struct spec>] <numid>
- | [<file spec>] [<goto-action struct spec>] <nameid>
- | [<file spec>] [<goto-action struct spec>] [<page spec>] <general text>
- | <file spec> [<goto-action struct spec>] <nameid> <newwindow spec>
- | <file spec> [<goto-action struct spec>] [<page spec>] <general text> <newwindow spec>
-<text> }} is equivalent to \Syntax{\pdfliteral
-shipout { <text> }}.
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Strings}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfescapestring <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfescapestring}
-================= ERROR
-Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ provides a mechanism for converting
-a general text into \PDF\ string. Many characters that may be needed inside
-such a text (especially parenthesis), have a special meaning inside a \PDF\
-string object and thus, can't be used literally. The primitive replaces each
-special \PDF\ character by its literal representation by inserting a backslash
-before that character. Some characters (\eg\ space) are also converted into
-3-digit octal number. In example, \type{\pdfescapestring{Text (1)}} will be
-expanded to \type{Text\040\(1\)}. This ensures a literal interpretation of the
-text by the \PDF\ viewer.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfescapename <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfescapename}
-================= ERROR
-In analogy to \type{\pdfescapestring}, \type{\pdfescapename} replaces each
-special \PDF\ character inside the general text by its hexadecimal
-representation preceded by \type{#} character. This ensures the proper
-interpretation of the text if used as a \PDF\ name object. In example,
-\type{Text (1)} will be replaced by \type{Text#20#281#29}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfescapehex <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfescapehex}
-================= ERROR
-This command converts each character of <general text> into its
-hexadecimal representation. Each character of the argument becomes a pair of
-hexadecimal digits. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfunescapehex <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfunescapehex}
-================= ERROR
-This command treats each character pair of <general text> as
-a hexadecimal number and returns an \ASCII\ character of this code.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfstrcmp <general text>
- <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfstrcmp}
-================= ERROR
-This command compares two strings and expands to \type{0} if the strings
-are equal, to \type{-1} if the first string ranks before the second, and
-to \type{1} otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfmatch [icase]
- [subcount <integer>] <general text>
- <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfmatch}
-================= ERROR
-This command implements pattern matching (using the syntax of \POSIX\
-extended regular expressions). The first <general text> is a
-pattern and the second is a string. The command expands to \type{-1} if
-the pattern is invalid, to \type{0} if no match is found, and to
-\type{1} if a match is found. With the \type{icase} option, the matching
-is case-insensitive. The \type{subcount} option sets the size of the
-table storing the found (sub)patterns; its default is 10.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdflastmatch <integer>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdflastmatch}
-================= ERROR
-The matches found with \type{\pdfmatch} are stored in a table. This
-command returns the entry for <integer>, in the format
-<position>\type{->}<string>; <position> is
-the position of the match (starting at zero) or \type{-1} if no match
-was found, and <string> is the matched substring.
-================= ERROR
-Entry~0 contains the match as a whole; the subsequent entries contain
-submatches corresponding to the subpatterns, up to \type{subcount-1}.
-================= ERROR
-If <integer> is less than zero, an error is given.
-================= ERROR
-For instance:
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\pdfmatch subcount 3 {ab(cd)*ef(gh)(ij)}{abefghij}
-\pdflastmatch0 % "0->abefghij"
-\pdflastmatch1 % "-1->"
-\pdflastmatch2 % "4->gh"
-\pdflastmatch3 % "-1->"
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-Entry~1 is empty because no match was found for \type{cd}, and entry~3
-is empty because it exceeds the table's size as set by \type{subcount}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Numbers}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\ifpdfabsnum (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\ifpdfabsnum}
-================= ERROR
-This conditional works like the standard \type{\ifnum}, except that it
-compares absolute values of numbers. Although it seems to be a trivial
-shortcut for a couple of \type{\ifnum x<0} tests, as a primitive it is
-considerably more friendly in usage and works a bit faster.
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\ifpdfabsdim (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\ifpdfabsdim}
-================= ERROR
-Analogous to \type{\ifpdfabsnum}, this conditional works like
-\type{\ifdim}, except that it compares absolute values of
-dimensions. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfuniformdeviate <number>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfuniformdeviate}
-================= ERROR
-Generate a uniformly-distributed random integer value between 0
-(inclusive) and <number> (exclusive). This primitive expands
-to a list of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfnormaldeviate (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfnormaldeviate}
-================= ERROR
-Generate a normally-distributed random integer with a mean of~0 and
-standard deviation 65\,536. That is, about 68\% of the time, the result
-will be between $-65536$ and $65536$ (one standard deviation away from
-the mean). About 95\% of results will be within two standard
-deviations, and 99.7\% within three. This primitive expands to a list
-of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfrandomseed (read-only integer)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfrandomseed}
-================= ERROR
-You can use \type{\the\pdfrandomseed} to query the current seed value,
-so you can \eg\ write the value to the log file. The initial value of
-the seed is derived from the system time, and is not more than
-1\,000\,999\,999 (this ensures that the value can be used with commands
-like \type{\count}). \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfsetrandomseed <number>}}
-\bookmark{\pdfsetrandomseed}
-================= ERROR
-Set the random seed (\type{\pdfrandomseed}) to a specific value,
-allowing you to replay sequences of semi-randoms at a later moment.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Timekeeping}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfelapsedtime (read-only integer)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfelapsedtime}
-================= ERROR
-Return a number that represents the time elapsed from the moment of the
-start of the run. The elapsed time is returned in `scaled seconds',
-meaning seconds divided by 65536, \eg\ \PDFTEX\ has run for
-\the\pdfelapsedtime\ `scaled seconds' when this paragraph was
-typeset. Of course, the command will never return a value greater than
-the highest number available in \TeX: if the time exceeds 32767 seconds,
-the constant value $2^{31}-1$ will be returned. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfresettimer}}
-\bookmark{\pdfresettimer}
-================= ERROR
-Reset the internal timer so that \type{\pdfelapsedtime}
-starts returning micro-time from~0 again. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Files}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdffilemoddate <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdffilemoddate}
-================= ERROR
-Expands to the modification date of file <general text> in the
-same format as for \type{\pdfcreationdate}, \eg\ it's {\tt
-\pdffilemoddate {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual. As of
-version 1.40.20, if the \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
-\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} environment variables are both set,
-\type{\pdffilemoddate} returns a value in UTC, ending in \type{Z}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdffilesize <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdffilesize}
-================= ERROR
-Expands to the size of file <general text>, \eg\ it's {\tt
-\pdffilesize {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfmdfivesum
- [file]
- <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfmdfivesum\ file}
-================= ERROR
-If the keyword \type{file} is given, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of file
-\Somethingtext{general text} in uppercase hexadecimal format (same as
-\type{\pdfescapehex}). Without \type{file}, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of
-the \Somethingtext{generaltext} taken as a string. For example, it's
-{\tt \pdfmdfivesum file {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdffiledump
- [offset <integer>]
- [length <integer>]
- <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdffiledump}
-================= ERROR
-Expands to the dump of the first \type{length} \Somethingtext{integer}
-bytes of the file \Somethingtext{general text}, in uppercase hexadecimal
-format (same as \type{\pdfescapehex}), starting at offset
-\type{offset}~\Somethingtext{number}, or the beginning of the file if
-\type{offset}. If \type{length} is not given, the default is zero, so
-expands to nothing. Both \Somethingtext{integer}s must be $\ge0$. For
-example, the first ten bytes of the source of this manual are {\tt
-\pdffiledump length 10 {./pdftex-t.tex}}. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\input <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\input}
-================= ERROR
-As of \TEXLIVE\ 2020, the \type{\input} primitive in all \TEX\ engines,
-including \PDFTEX, now also accepts a group-delimited filename argument,
-as a system-dependent extension, as in \type{\input} {
-\type{foo.tex} }. The usage of \type{\input} with a standard
-space/token-delimited filename is completely unchanged.
-================= ERROR
-This group-delimited argument was previously implemented in Lua\TEX; now
-it is available in all engines. \ASCII\ double quote characters
-(\type{"}) are removed from the filename, but it is otherwise left
-unchanged after tokenization.
-================= ERROR
-This extension is unlike most others in that it affects a primitive in
-standard \TEX\ (\type{\input}), rather than being related to a new
-primitive, command line option, etc. This is allowed because additional
-methods of recognizing filenames are explicitly mentioned in
-\type{tex.web} as acceptable system-dependent extensions.
-================= ERROR
-Incidentally, this does not directly affect \LATEX's \type{\input}
-command, as that is a macro redefinition of the standard \type{\input}
-primitive.
-================= ERROR
-\introduced{1.40.21}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Color stack}
-================= ERROR
-\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 comes with color stack support (actually any graphic state
-stack).
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfcolorstackinit [page]
- [direct] <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfcolorstackinit}
-================= ERROR
-The primitive initializes a new graphic stack and returns its number. Optional
-page keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to restore the graphic at the
-beginning of every new page. Also optional direct has the same effect
-as for \pdfliteral primitive. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfcolorstack <stack number>
- <stack action> <general text>}}
-\bookmark{\pdfcolorstack}
-================= ERROR
-The command operates on the stack of a given number. If \Something{stack
-action} is push keyword, the new value provided as
-<general text> is inserted into the top of the graphic stack
-and becomes the current stack value. If followed by pop, the
-top value is removed from the stack and the new top value becomes the
-current. set keyword replaces the current value with
-<general text> without changing the stack size.
-current keyword instructs just to use the current stack value
-without modifying the stack at all. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Transformations}
-================= ERROR
-Since the content of \pdfliteral is not interpreted anyhow, any
-transformation inserted directly into the content stream, as well as saving
-and restoring the current transformation matrix, remains unnoticed by
-\PDFTEX\ positioning mechanism. As a consequence, links and other annotations
-(that are formed in \PDF\ as different layer then the page content) are not
-affected by such user-defined transformations. \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 solves this
-problem with three new primitives.
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfsetmatrix}}
-\bookmark{\pdfsetmatrix}
-================= ERROR
-Afine transformations are normally expressed with six numbers. First
-four (no unit) values defining scaling, rotating and skewing, plus two
-extra dimensions for shifting. Since the translation is handled by \TeX\
-itself, \pdfsetmatrix primitive expects as an argument a string
-containing just the first four numbers of the transformation separated
-by a space and assumes two position coordinates to be~0. In example,
-\type{\pdfsetmatrix{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87}} rotates the current space by 30
-degrees, inserting \type{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87 0 0 cm} into the content
-stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfsave}}
-\bookmark{\pdfsave}
-================= ERROR
-The command saves the current transformation by inserting \type{q}
-operator into the content stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfrestore}}
-\bookmark{\pdfrestore}
-================= ERROR
-The command restores previously saved transformation by inserting \type{Q}
-operator into the content stream. One should keep in mind that \pdfsave
-and \pdfrestore pairs should always be properly nested and should start
-and end at the same group level. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Macro programming}
-================= ERROR
-Expansion-related.
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\expanded <tokens>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\expanded}
-================= ERROR
-Expands <tokens> in exactly the same way as \type{\message}.
-In contrast to \type{\edef}, macro parameter characters do not need to
-be doubled. \type{\protected} macros are not expanded.
-\introduced{1.40.20}
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\ifincsname (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\ifincsname}
-================= ERROR
-This conditional is true if evaluated inside \type{\csname ... \endcsname},
-and false otherwise.
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\ifpdfprimitive <control sequence>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\ifpdfprimitive}
-================= ERROR
-This condition checks if the following control sequence has its
-primitive meaning. If it has, \type{\ifpdfprimitive} returns true. In
-any other case (redefined, made \type{\undefined}, has never been
-primitive) false is returned. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-flapping\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\partokencontext <number>}}
-\bookmark{\partokencontext}
-================= ERROR
-The {\em par-token} (i.e., the token with the name given by
-\type{\partokenname}, or \type{\par} by default; see
-\type{\partokenname}, next) is inserted into the input stream in
-different places, according to the \type{\partokencontext} value. This
-value can be:
-================= ERROR
-0: {\em par-token} is inserted at empty lines (more exactly, when a
- token category~5 is seen in state~$N$, reading a line); before
- \type{\end}, \type{\vskip}, \type{\hrule}, \type{\unvbox}, and
- \type{\halign}, if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode when those commands
- are seen; and in various error recovery situations. These are the
- standard cases, and this is the default value.
-================= ERROR
-1: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
- \type{\vbox}, \type{\vtop}, and \type{\vcenter}, if \TeX{} is in
- horizontal mode at the time.
-================= ERROR
-2: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
- \type{\insert}, \type{\vadjust}, \type{\output}, \type{\noalign}, and
- items of \type{\valign}, again if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode at the
- time.
-================= ERROR
-With the default \type{\partokencontext=0}, \TEX\ behaves in its normal
-way: the situations in cases 1 and 2 are processed by a direct call of
-{\em end-paragraph} routine, with no emitted {\em par-token}.
-================= ERROR
-If \type{\partokencontext=1} then \TeX\ inserts the {\em par-token} in
-additional cases: when vertical boxes are completed but horizontal mode
-is not finished. Since vboxes are not uncommonly inserted directly by
-users, with horizontal mode material, this allows macro programmers to
-control all such boxes being finished by a {\em par-token}. An example:
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\partokenname\_mypar
-\partokencontext=1
-\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
-\vbox{Vbox text.}
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-This will output ``\type{Hi there!''}\ after ``\type{Vbox text.}''.
-================= ERROR
-Finally, with \type{\partokencontext=2}, all cases where classical \TeX\
-uses the direct {\em end-paragraph} routine are changed to emit the {\em
-par-token} instead. In contrast to case~1, these commands are rarely
-invoked directly by users with horizontal mode material.
-================= ERROR
-The setting of the register \type{\partokencontext} is local.
-\introduced{1.40.24}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\partokenname <control sequence>}}
-\bookmark{\partokenname}
-================= ERROR
-\TeX{} internally inserts a control sequence, named \type{\par} by
-default, into the input stream at empty lines, the end of vboxes, and
-various other places (see \type{\partokencontext}, above). Let's call this
-control sequence the {\em par-token}.
-================= ERROR
-Executing \type{\partokenname}<control-sequence> changes the
-name of the {\em par-token} from \type{\par} to the given
-<control-sequence>. The setting performed by
-\type{\partokenname} is global.
-================= ERROR
-This makes it possible to release the name \type{\par} to the ``user's
-name space'', i.e., after \type{\partokenname}, users can define and use
-\type{\par} as they wish without changing the behavior of anything
-internal to \TeX{}. For example:
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\catcode`\_=11
-\partokenname\_mypar % use \_mypar at user level
-\let\_mypar=\par % make \_mypar equivalent to built-in \par
-\def\par{some random text} % redefine \par
-Hello world.
-================= ERROR
-Goodbye.
-\end
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-This will not output ``\type{some random text}'' (the definition of
-\type{\par}), due to the \type{\partokenname} setting.
-================= ERROR
-By default, the meaning of the {\em par-token} is to end a paragraph
-(also named as \type{\endgraf} in the plain \TEX\ format). It can be
-changed as usual with, for example, \type{\def}. Naturally, it is the
-control sequence name given to \type{\partokenname} that must be
-redefined. Continuing the previous example (prior to the \type{\end}):
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
-Paragraph one.
-================= ERROR
-Paragraph two.\let\_mypar=\endgraf
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-This will output ``\type{Hi there!''}\ after ``\type{Paragraph one.}'',
-before ending the paragraph.
-================= ERROR
-Another behavior of the {\em par-token} built into \TEX\ is that macros
-not defined as \type{\long} cause the error ``runaway argument'' if the
-{\em par-token} is scanned as a parameter. After
-\type{\setpartokenname}, it will be the new control sequence name that
-triggers this error, not \type{\par}. For example (still continuing the
-same example):
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\def\amac#1{}
-\amac{long test, no error: \par}
-\amac{long test, gives error: \_mypar}
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-\introduced{1.40.24}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfprimitive <control sequence>}}
-\bookmark{\pdfprimitive}
-================= ERROR
-This command executes the primitive meaning of the following control
-sequence, regardless of whether the control sequence has been redefined
-or made undefined. If the primitive was expandable, \type{\pdfprimitive}
-expands also. On the other hand, if the following control sequence never
-was a primitive, nothing happens and no error is raised. (In some
-versions of \PDFTEX\ prior to 1.40.19, an error was wrongly given.)
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Typesetting}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfinsertht <integer>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfinsertht}
-================= ERROR
-If <integer> is the number of an insertion class, this command
-returns the height of the corresponding box at the current time.
-For instance, the following returns \type{12pt} in plain \TEX:
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-Abc\footnote*{Whatever.}\par
-\pdfinsertht\footins
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdflastxpos (read-only integer)}}
-\bookmark{\pdflastxpos}
-================= ERROR
-This primitive returns an integer number representing the absolute $x$
-coordinate of the last point marked by \type{\pdfsavepos}. The unit is
-`scaled points' (sp).
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdflastypos (read-only integer)}}
-\bookmark{\pdflastypos}
-================= ERROR
-Completely analogous to \type{\pdflastxpos}, returning the $y$ coordinate.
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfsavepos (h, v, m)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfsavepos}
-================= ERROR
-This primitive marks the current absolute ($x,y$) position on the
-media, with the reference point in the lower left corner. It is active
-only during page shipout, when the page is finally assembled. The
-position coordinates can then be retrieved by the \type{\pdflastxpos}
-and \type{\pdflastypos} primitives, and \eg\ written out to some
-auxiliary file. The coordinates can be used only after the current
-\type{\shipout} has been finalized, therefore normally two \PDFTEX\
-runs are required to utilize these primitives. Starting with
-\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0, this mechanism can be used also while running
-in \DVI\ mode.
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\quitvmode}}
-\bookmark{\quitvmode}
-================= ERROR
-The primitive instructs \PDFTEX\ to quit vertical mode and start
-typesetting a paragraph. Thus, \type{\quitvmode} has the same basic
-effect as the \type{\leavevmode} macro from \type{plain.tex}. However,
-\type{\leavevmode} expands the \type{\everypar} tokens list, which may
-or may not be desired. \type{\quitvmode} does not expand
-\type{\everypar}. \introduced{1.21a}
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\vadjust
- [<pre spec>]
- <filler>
- { <vertical mode material> }
- (h, m)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-t.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-t.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 64cb46f9d9..0000000000
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-t.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5692 +0,0 @@
-% interface=english modes=letter,screen output=pdftex
-% vim: tw=79
-
-% $Id: pdftex-t.tex 905 2023-02-28 01:23:10Z karl $
-
-% The number of lines on the title page depends on exactly
-% what \PDF\ code is generated.
-\setvariables[pdftex][titlepagelines=64]
-
-\setupoutput
- [pdftex]
-
-%D ConTeXt defaults to 1.5; we want to be maximally compatible (and we don't
-%D use any features from 1.4++ anyway, do we?)
-\pdfminorversion=3
-
-%D First we define ourselves some abbreviations, if only to force
-%D consistency and to save typing. We use real small capitals, not pseudo.
-
-\setupsynonyms
- [abbreviation]
- [textstyle=smallcaps,
- style=smallcaps,
- location=left,
- width=broad,
- sample=\POSTSCRIPT]
-
-\setupcapitals
- [title=no]
-
-\def\svnscan $#1 #2 #3 #4-#5-#6 #7${
- \def\rcsrevision{#3}
- \def\rcsyear{#4}
- \def\rcsmonth{#5}
- \def\rcsday{{\count0=#6\relax\the\count0}}
- \def\rcsmonthname{\ifcase\rcsmonth ERROR\or
- January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or
- August\or September\or October\or November\or December\else ERROR\fi}
-}
-
-\svnscan $Id: pdftex-t.tex 905 2023-02-28 01:23:10Z karl $
-
-\def\versplit#1#2#3{#1.#2#3}% 140 -> 1.40
-\def\currentpdftex{\expandafter\versplit\the\pdftexversion.\pdftexrevision}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\def\eTeX{{$\varepsilon$}-\kern-.125em\TeX}
-\def\eg{e.g.}
-\def\Eg{E.g.}
-\def\MDFIVE{MD5} % not oldstyle 5, capital MD
-\def\PDFReference{{\sl PDF Reference}} % PDF with capital letters
-
-\abbreviation [AFM] {afm} {Adobe Font Metrics}
-\abbreviation [BIBTEX] {Bib\TeX} {Handles bibliographies}
-\abbreviation [ASCII] {ascii} {American Standard Code for Information Interchange}
-\abbreviation [CONTEXT] {\ConTeXt} {general purpose macro package}
-\abbreviation [CTAN] {ctan} {global \TEX\ archive server}
-\abbreviation [DVI] {dvi} {native \TEX\ Device Independent file format}
-\abbreviation [ENCTEX] {enc\TeX} {enc\TeX\ extension to \TEX}
-\abbreviation [EPSTOPDF] {epstopdf} {\EPS\ to \PDF\ conversion tool}
-\abbreviation [EPS] {eps} {Encapsulated PostScript}
-\abbreviation [ETEX] {\eTeX} {an extension to \TEX}
-\abbreviation [EXIF] {exif} {Exchangeable Image File format (JPEG file variant)}
-\abbreviation [FPTEX] {fp\TeX} {\WIN\ \WEBC\ distribution}
-\abbreviation [GHOSTSCRIPT] {Ghostscript} {\PS\ and \PDF\ language interpreter}
-\abbreviation [GNU] {gnu} {GNU's Not Unix}
-\abbreviation [HZ] {hz} {Hermann Zapf optimization}
-\abbreviation [ISO] {iso} {International Organization for Standardization}
-\abbreviation [JBIG] {jbig} {Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group}
-\abbreviation [JBIGTWO] {jbig2} {Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group}
-\abbreviation [JFIF] {jfif} {JPEG File Interchange Format}
-\abbreviation [JPEG] {jpeg} {Joint Photographic Experts Group}
-\abbreviation [JPEG] {jpeg} {Joint Photographic Experts Group}
-\abbreviation [LATEX] {\LaTeX} {general purpose macro package}
-\abbreviation [MAC] {Macintosh} {Macintosh hardware platform}
-\abbreviation [MACOSX] {Mac\,OS\,X} {Macintosh operating system version 10+}
-\abbreviation [MACTEX] {Mac\TeX} {\MAC\ \TEXLIVE\ distribution}
-\abbreviation [METAFONT] {\MetaFont} {graphic programming environment, bitmap output}
-\abbreviation [METAPOST] {\MetaPost} {graphic programming environment, vector output}
-\abbreviation [MIKTEX] {MiK\TeX} {\WIN\ distribution}
-\abbreviation [MLTEX] {ml\TeX} {ML\TeX\ extension to \TEX}
-\abbreviation [MPTOPDF] {mptopdf} {\METAPOST\ to \PDF\ conversion tool}
-\abbreviation [MSDOS] {ms-dos} {Microsoft DOS platform (Intel)}
-\abbreviation [PDFETEX] {pdfe\TeX} {\ETEX\ extension supporting \PDF\ output}
-\abbreviation [PDFLATEX] {pdf\LaTeX} {\LATEX\ format using \PDFTEX, producing \PDF}
-\abbreviation [PDFTEX] {pdf\TeX} {\TEX\ extension supporting \PDF\ output}
-\abbreviation [PDF] {pdf} {Portable Document Format}
-\abbreviation [PDFA] {pdf/\kern-.16em a} {PDF A/ standards}
-\abbreviation [PERL] {Perl} {Perl programming environment}
-\abbreviation [PFA] {PFA} {Adobe PostScript Font format (ASCII)}
-\abbreviation [PFB] {PFB} {Adobe PostScript Font format (Binary)}
-\abbreviation [PK] {pk} {Packed bitmap font}
-\abbreviation [PNG] {png} {Portable Network Graphics}
-\abbreviation [POSIX] {posix} {Portable Operating System Interface}
-\abbreviation [PROTEXT] {pro\TeX t} {\WIN\ \WEBC\ distribution based on \MIKTEX}
-\abbreviation [PS] {ps} {PostScript}
-\abbreviation [POSTSCRIPT] {PostScript} {PostScript}
-\abbreviation [PSTOPDF] {PStoPDF} {PostScript to \PDF\ converter (on top of \GHOSTSCRIPT)}
-\abbreviation [RGB] {rgb} {Red Green Blue color specification}
-\abbreviation [TCX] {tcx} {\TEX\ Character Translation}
-\abbreviation [TDS] {tds} {\TEX\ Directory Standard}
-\abbreviation [TEXEXEC] {\TeX exec} {\CONTEXT\ command line interface}
-\abbreviation [TEXINFO] {Texinfo} {\GNU\ documentation format}
-\abbreviation [TEXUTIL] {\TeX util} {\CONTEXT\ utility tool}
-\abbreviation [TEX] {\TeX} {typographic language and program}
-\abbreviation [TEXLIVE] {\TeX\ Live} {\TeX\ Live distribution (cross-platform)}
-\abbreviation [TFM] {tfm} {\TEX\ Font Metrics}
-\abbreviation [TIF] {tiff} {Tagged Interchange File format}
-\abbreviation [TUG] {tug} {\TEX\ Users Group}
-\abbreviation [UNIX] {Unix} {Unix platform}
-\abbreviation [URL] {url} {Uniform Resource Locator}
-\abbreviation [WEBC] {Web2c} {Implementation framework for \TEX\ and friends}
-\abbreviation [WEB] {web} {literate programming environment}
-\abbreviation [WIN] {Windows} {Microsoft Windows platform}
-
-%D It makes sense to predefine the name of the author of \PDFTEX, doesn't it?
-
-\def\THANH{H\`an Th\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}} Th\`anh}
-
-%D Because they are subjected to change and tend to spoil the visual
-%D appearance of the \TEX\ source, \URL's are defined here.
-
-\useURL [ptex_org] [http://www.pdftex.org] % links to ptex_examples
-\useURL [ptex_ctan] [https://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex]
-\useURL [ptex_devel] [svn://tug.org/pdftex/branches/stable]
-
-% where bug reports should go:
-\useURL [ptex_bugs] [mailto:pdftex@tug.org] [] [pdftex@tug.org]
-\useURL [ptex_listinfo] [https://lists.tug.org/pdftex]
-
-\useURL [etex_ctan] [https://ctan.org/pkg/etex]
-\useURL [kpathsea] [https://tug.org/kpathsea]
-\useURL [texlive] [https://tug.org/texlive]
-\useURL [web2c] [https://tug.org/web2c]
-\useURL [ctan_systems] [http://mirror.ctan.org/systems]
-\useURL [win32] [http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/win32]
-\useURL [context] [http://www.pragma-ade.com]
-\useURL [tex_showcase] [https://tug.org/texshowcase]
-
-\useURL [pdfreference] [https://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html]
-\useURL [thanh_truetype_tub] [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb30-1/tb94thanh.pdf]
-\useURL [jbig2enc] [https://github.com/agl/jbig2enc]
-
-% keep next 2 lines as temporary kludge for a while to make \type{} of
-% older ConTeXt versions handle these two new primitives; the original
-% problem with \type{} is already solved in ConTeXt as of 2006-02-14.
-\let\ifpdfabsnum\relax
-\let\ifpdfabsdim\relax
-
-\def\Syntax #1{\strut\kern-.25em{#1}\kern-.25em\relax}
-\def\Next {\crlf\hbox to 2em{}\nobreak}
-\def\Sugar #1{\unskip\unskip\unskip\kern.25em{#1}\kern.25em
- \penalty0 \ignorespaces} % allow break
-%
-\def\Lbrace {\Sugar{\tttf\leftargument}}
-\def\Literal #1{\Sugar{\type{#1}}}
-\def\Means {\Sugar{\mathematics{\rightarrow}}}
-\def\Modelist #1{\Sugar{\mathematics{(\hbox{#1})}}}
-\def\Optional #1{\Sugar{\mathematics{[\hbox{#1}]}}}
-\def\Or {\Sugar{\mathematics{\vert}}}
-\def\Rbrace {\Sugar{\tttf\rightargument}}
-\def\Tex #1{\Sugar{\type{#1}}}
-\def\Whatever #1{\Sugar{\kern.75em\mathematics{(\hbox{#1})}}} % parens
- % a full quad before, more of a separator on
- % syntax lines.
-
-% hyphenates, angle brackets
-\def\Something#1{\Sugar{\mathematics{\langle}\prewordbreak
- {#1}\prewordbreak\mathematics{\rangle}}}
-%
-% undoes the .25em spacing of \Sugar, letting before and after spaces in
-% the input stand.
-\def\Somethingtext#1{\Syntax{\Something{#1}}}
-
-\hbadness=10000 % don't care
-
-% Break after these chars in urls, not before.
-\sethyphenatedurlafter /
-\sethyphenatedurlafter .
-\sethyphenatedurlafter _
-
-% introduced
-\def\introduced#1{The primitive was introduced in \PDFTEX\ #1.}
-\def\introducedplural#1{The primitives were introduced in \PDFTEX\ #1.}
-
-% to get bookmarks for primitives like \ifpdfprimitive
-\appendtoks\def\tex#1{\string\\#1}\to\simplifiedcommands
-
-%D We typeset the \URL's in a monospaced font.
-
-\setupurl
- [style=type]
-
-%D The basic layout is pretty simple. Because we want non european readers to
-%D read the whole text as well, a letter size based alternative is offered
-%D too. Mode switching is taken care of at the command line when running
-%D \TEXEXEC.
-
-\startmode[letter]
-
- \setuppapersize
- [letter][letter]
-
-\stopmode
-
-\setuplayout
- [topspace=1.5cm,
- backspace=2.5cm,
- leftmargin=2.5cm,
- width=middle,
- footer=1.5cm,
- header=1.5cm,
- height=middle]
-
-%D For the moment we use the description mechanism to typeset keywords etc.
-%D Well, I should have used capitals.
-
-\definedescription
- [description]
- [location=serried,
- width=broad]
-
-\definedescription
- [PathDescription]
- [location=left,
- sample=TEXPSHEADERS,
- width=broad,
- headstyle=type]
-
-\definehead
- [pdftexprimitive]
- [subsubsection]
-
-\setuphead
- [pdftexprimitive]
- [style=,
- before=\blank,
- after=\blank,
- numbercommand=\SubSub]
-
-%D This is typically a document where we want to save pages,
-%D so we don't start any matter (part) on a new page.
-
-\setupsectionblock [frontpart] [page=]
-\setupsectionblock [bodypart] [page=]
-\setupsectionblock [backpart] [page=]
-
-%D The \type{\SubSub} command is rather simple and generates a triangle.
-%D This makes the primitives stand out a bit more.
-
-\def\SubSub#1{\mathematics{\blacktriangleright}}
-
-%D But, for non Lucida users, the next one is more safe:
-
-\def\SubSub#1{\goforwardcharacter}
-
-%D I could have said:
-%D
-%D \starttyping
-%D \setupsection[section-5][previousnumber=no,bodypartconversion=empty]
-%D \setuplabeltext[subsubsection=\mathematics{\blacktriangleright}]
-%D \stoptyping
-%D
-%D but this is less clear.
-
-%D We use white space, but not too much.
-
-\setupwhitespace
- [medium]
-
-\setupblank
- [medium]
-
-%D Verbatim things get a small margin.
-
-\setuptyping
- [margin=standard]
-
-\definetyping
- [esctyping]
-\setuptyping
- [esctyping]
- [margin=standard,option=commands,escape=@]
-
-%D Due to the lots of verbatim we will be a bit more tolerant in breaking
-%D paragraphs into lines.
-
-\setuptolerance
- [verytolerant,stretch]
-
-%D We put the chapter and section numbers in the margin and use bold fonts.
-
-\setupheads
- [alternative=margin]
-
-\setuphead
- [section]
- [style=\bfb]
-
-\setuphead
- [subsection]
- [style=\bfa]
-
-%D The small table of contents is limited to section titles and is fully
-%D interactive.
-
-\setuplist
- [section]
- [criterium=all,
- interaction=all,
- width=2em,
- aligntitle=yes,
- alternative=a]
-
-%D Ah, this manual is in english!
-
-\mainlanguage
- [en]
-
-%D We use Palatino fonts, because they look so well on the screen. The
-%D version generated at \PRAGMA\ uses Optima Nova instead. Both fonts are
-%D designed by Hermann Zapf.
-
-\setupfonthandling [hz] [min=25,max=25,step=5]
-
-\setupalign
- [hz,hanging]
-
-\startnotmode[atpragma]
-
- \setupfontsynonym [Serif] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifBold] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifSlanted] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifItalic] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifBoldSlanted] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifBoldItalic] [handling=quality]
-
- % We use adobe metrics instead of urw metrics because tetex only
- % ships the former. Beware, these metrics differ!
-
- \loadmapfile[context-base.map]
- \usetypescript [adobekb] [\defaultencoding]
- \usetypescript [palatino][\defaultencoding]
-
- \setupbodyfont
- [palatino,11pt]
-
- \definefontsynonym[TitleFont][SerifBold]
-
-\stopnotmode
-
-\startmode[atpragma]
-
- \usetypescriptfile[type-ghz]
-
- \setupfontsynonym [Sans] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansBold] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansSlanted] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansItalic] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansBoldSlanted] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansBoldItalic] [handling=quality]
-
- \definetypeface[optima][ss][sans][optima-nova] [default][encoding=\defaultencoding]
- \definetypeface[optima][tt][mono][latin-modern][default][encoding=\defaultencoding,rscale=1.1]
-
- \setupbodyfont[optima,10pt,ss]
-
- \definefontsynonym[TitleFont][SansBold]
-
-\stopmode
-
-%D This document is mildly interactive. Yes, Thanh's name will end up ok in
-%D the document information data.
-
-\setupinteraction
- [state=start,
- style=normal,
- color=,
- page=yes,
- openaction=firstpage,
- title=pdfTeX users manual,
- author={H\`an Th\^e Th\`anh, Sebastian Rahtz, Hans Hagen, Hartmut Henkel,
- Pawe\l\ Jackowski, Martin Schr\"oder, Karl Berry}]
-
-\setupinteractionscreen % still needed?
-
-\startnotmode[screen]
-
-\setupinteractionscreen
- [option=bookmark]
-
-\stopnotmode
-
-%D Some headers and footers will complete the layout.
-
-\setupheadertexts
- [The pdf\TeX\ user manual]
-
-\setupfootertexts
- [pagenumber]
-
-%D For Tobias Burnus, who loves bookmarks, I've enabled them.
-
-\placebookmarks
- [section,subsection,pdftexprimitive]
-
-%D Let's also define a screen layout:
-
-\startmode[screen] \environment pdftex-i \stopmode
-
-%D We auto-cross link the paper and screen version:
-
-\startnotmode[screen]
-
-%\coupledocument
-% [screenversion]
-% [pdftex-s]
-% [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive]
-% [the screen version]
-
-\setuphead
- [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive]
- [file=screenversion]
-
-\setuplist
- [section]
- [alternative=c]
-
-\stopnotmode
-
-%D The text starts here!
-
-\starttext
-
-%D Being lazy, I don't split the file, so paper and screen get
-%D mixed in one document.
-
-\startmode[screen] \getbuffer[screen] \stopmode
-
-\startnotmode[screen]
-
-%D But first we typeset the title page. It has a background. This
-%D background, showing a piece of \PDF\ code, will be referred to
-%D later on.
-
-%D We can use more modern \CONTEXT\ features, but for the moment
-%D stick to the old style and methods.
-
-\NormalizeFontWidth
- \TitleFont
- {\hskip.5mm The pdf\TeX\ user manual} % \hskip is fake offset
- \paperheight
- {TitleFont}
-
-\setupbackgrounds
- [page]
- [background={title,joke,names,content}]
-
-\defineoverlay
- [title]
- [\hbox to \paperwidth
- {\hfill
- \TitleFont\setstrut
- \rotate{The pdf\TeX\ user manual}%
- \hskip.5cm}] % \dp\strutbox}]
-
-% \defineoverlay
-% [joke]
-% [\hbox to \paperwidth
-% {\TitleFont\setstrut
-% \dimen0=\overlaywidth
-% \advance\dimen0 by -\ht\strutbox
-% \advance\dimen0 by -\dp\strutbox
-% \advance\dimen0 by -1cm
-% \dimen2=\overlayheight
-% \advance\dimen2 by -1cm
-% \hskip.5cm\expanded{\externalfigure
-% [pdftex-z.pdf]
-% [width=\the\dimen0,height=\the\dimen2]}%
-% \hfill}]
-
-% \defineoverlay
-% [names]
-% [\vbox to \paperheight
-% {\dontcomplain
-% \TitleFont\setstrut
-% \setbox0=\hbox{\TeX}%
-% \hsize\paperwidth
-% \rightskip\ht0
-% \advance\rightskip\dp\strutbox
-% \advance\rightskip\dp\strutbox
-% \bfa \setupinterlinespace
-% \vfill
-% \hfill \THANH \endgraf
-% \hfill Sebastian Rahtz \endgraf
-% \hfill Hans Hagen
-% \hfill Hartmut Henkel
-% \hfill Pawe\l\ Jackowski
-% \vskip 1ex
-% \hfill \currentdate
-% \vskip 2ex}]
-
-\defineoverlay
- [content]
- [\overlaybutton{contents}]
-
-% title page
-
-\definelayout
- [titlepage]
- [backspace=.5cm,
- cutspace=3.5cm,
- topspace=.5cm,
- bottomspace=.5cm,
- header=0pt,
- footer=0pt,
- lines=\getvariable{pdftex}{titlepagelines},
- grid=yes,
- width=middle]
-
-\definecolumnset
- [titlepage]
- [n=2,distance=0.2cm]
-
-\start
-
- \chardef\fontdigits=2
- \switchtobodyfont[10pt,tt]
- \setupinterlinespace
- [line=\dimexpr((\paperheight-1cm)/\getvariable{pdftex}{titlepagelines})]
- \setuptyping[margin=,color=]
- \setuplayout[titlepage]
-
- \startcolumnset[titlepage]
- \typefile{pdftex-w.txt}
- \stopcolumnset
-
- \page
- \setuplayout
-
-\stop
-
-% \startstandardmakeup
-%
-% %D The titlepage is generated using the background overlay mechanism. This
-% %D saves me the trouble of determining funny skips and alignments. So no text
-% %D goes here.
-%
-% \stopstandardmakeup
-
-\setupbackgrounds
- [page]
- [background=]
-
-%D The inside title page is as follows.
-
-\startstandardmakeup[footerstate=none]
-
- \dontcomplain
-
- \setupalign[left]
-
- \start
-
- \bfd The pdf\TeX\ user manual
-
- \bfa \setupinterlinespace
-
- \vskip4ex
-
- \THANH\par
- Sebastian Rahtz\par
- Hans Hagen\par
- Hartmut Henkel\par
- Pawe\l\ Jackowski\par
- Martin Schr\"oder\par
- Karl Berry\par
-
- \vskip3ex
-
- \rcsmonthname\ \rcsday, \rcsyear\par
- \vskip1ex
- Rev.\ \rcsrevision
-
- \stop
-
- \vfill
-
- \startlines
- The title page is the result of
- this plain \TeX\ text:
- \stoplines
-
- \blank[2*big] \setuptyping[after=]
-
- \starttyping
- \pdfoutput=1
- \pdfcompresslevel=0
- \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
- \pdfmapline{ptmr8r Times-Roman 2 <8r.enc}
- \font\tenrm=ptmr8r
- \tenrm
- Welcome to pdf\TeX!
- \end
- \stoptyping
-
-\stopstandardmakeup
-
-\setuppagenumber[number=1] % added in case of single sided usage
-
-%D So far for non screen mode.
-
-\stopnotmode
-
-%D We start with a small table of contents, typeset in double column format.
-
-\startfrontmatter
-
-\subject[contents]{Contents}
-
-\startcolumns[distance=3em]
- \placelist[section]
-\stopcolumns
-
-\stopfrontmatter
-
-%D And here it is: the main piece of text.
-
-\startbodymatter
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-The main purpose of the \PDFTEX\ project is to create and maintain
-an extension of \TEX\ that can produce \PDF\ directly from \TEX\
-source files and improve|/|enhance the result of \TEX\ typesetting
-with the help of \PDF. When \PDF\ output is not selected, \PDFTEX\
-produces standard \DVI\ output, otherwise it generates \PDF\ output
-that looks identical to the \DVI\ output. An important aspect of this
-project is to investigate alternative justification algorithms (\eg\
-a font expansion algorithm akin to the \HZ\ micro||typography algorithm by
-Prof.~Hermann Zapf).
-
-\PDFTEX\ is based on the original \TEX\ sources and \WEBC, and has been
-successfully compiled on \UNIX, \WIN\ and \MSDOS\ systems. It is
-actively maintained, with new features trickling in. Great care is taken
-to keep new \PDFTEX\ versions backward compatible with earlier ones.
-
-A \quote {conservative} successor to \TEX, named \ETEX, was developed
-in the 1990s. Since \PDFTEX\ version 1.40, the \ETEX\ extensions are
-always part of the \PDFTEX\ engine, so \type{pdfetex} is now simply a
-link to \type{pdftex}; they have identical behavior. For documentation
-on the \ETEX\ extensions, see \from[etex_ctan].
-
-Furthermore, \PDFTEX\ itself has acquired plenty of extensions over the
-years which are not related specifically to \PDF\ output, generally new
-primitives for various features that are inconvenient or impossible to
-implement at the \TEX\ level. Many of these extensions have been adopted
-across all engines (not necessarily by the same name), and some are or
-will be required by \LATEX. Therefore, \type{etex} is also a link to
-\type{pdftex}, the difference being only whether \DVI\ or \PDF\ output
-is generated by default.
-
-Other extensions are \MLTEX\ and \ENCTEX; these are also included in the
-current \PDFTEX\ code, although are little used for new documents.
-
-\PDFTEX\ is maintained by \THANH\ and others. The
-\PDFTEX\ homepage is \from [ptex_org]. Please send \PDFTEX\ comments and
-bug reports to the mailing list \from [ptex_bugs] (\from [ptex_listinfo]).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{About this manual}
-
-This manual revision (\rcsrevision) is intended to cover
-\PDFTEX\ development up to version \currentpdftex. The primary
-repository for the manual and its sources is at \from[ptex_devel].
-Copies in \PDF\ format can also be found on \CTAN\ via \from[ptex_ctan].
-
-Thanks to the many people who have contributed to the manual.
-Improvements are always possible, and bugs not unlikely.
-Please send questions or suggestions by email to \from[ptex_bugs].
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Legal Notice}
-
-Copyright \copyright\ 1996||2022 \THANH.
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
-or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
-with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
-A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
-Free Documentation License''.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{About \PDF}
-
-The cover of this manual lists an almost minimal \PDF\ file generated by
-\PDFTEX, from the corresponding source on the next page. Since
-compression is not enabled, such a \PDF\ file is rather verbose and
-readable. The first line specifies the version used. \PDF\ viewers are
-supposed to silently skip over all elements they cannot handle.
-
-A \PDF\ file consists of objects. These objects can be recognized by their
-number and keywords:
-
-\starttyping
-9 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 5 0 R >> endobj
-\stoptyping
-
-Here \typ{9 0 obj ... endobj} is the object capsule. The first number
-is the object number. The sequence \type{5 0 R} is an object reference,
-a pointer to another object (no.~5). The second number (here a zero)
-is currently not used in \PDFTEX; it is the version number of the
-object. It is for instance used by \PDF\ editors, when they replace
-objects by new ones.
-
-When a viewer opens a \PDF\ file, it goes to the end of the file,
-looking for the keyword \type{startxref}. The number after
-\type{startxref} gives the absolute position (byte offset from the file
-start) of the so||called \quote {object cross-reference table} that
-begins with the keyword \type{xref}. This table in turn tells the byte
-offsets of all objects that make up the \PDF\ file, providing fast
-random access to the individual objects (here the \type{xref} table
-shows 11~objects, numbered from~0 to~10; the object no.~0 is always
-unused). The actual starting point of the file's object structure is
-defined after the \type{trailer}: the \type{/Root} entry points to the
-\type{/Catalog} object (no.~9). In this object the viewer can find the
-pointer \type{/Pages} to the page list object (no.~5). In our example we
-have only one page. The trailer also usually holds an \type{/Info}
-entry, which points to an object (no.~10) with a bit more about the
-document. We can follow the thread:
-
-\startnarrower
-\type{/Root} $\longrightarrow$ object~9 $\longrightarrow$
-\type{/Pages} $\longrightarrow$ object~5 $\longrightarrow$
-\type{/Kids} $\longrightarrow$ object~2 $\longrightarrow$
-\type{/Contents} $\longrightarrow$ object~3
-\stopnarrower
-
-As soon as we add annotations, a fancy word for hyperlinks and the like,
-some more entries will be present in the catalog. We invite users to
-take a look at the \PDF\ code of this file to get an impression of that.
-
-The page content is a stream of drawing operations. Such a stream
-can be compressed, where the level of compression can be set with
-\type{\pdfcompresslevel} (compression is switched off for the title
-page). Let's take a closer look at this stream in object~3. Often
-(but not in our example) there is a transformation matrix, six numbers
-followed by \type{cm}. As in \POSTSCRIPT, the operator comes after the
-operands. Between \type{BT} and \type{ET} comes the text. A font is
-selected by a \type{Tf} operator, which is given a font resource name
-\type{/F..} and the font size. The actual text goes into \type{()}
-bracket pairs so that it creates a \POSTSCRIPT\ string. The numbers
-in bracket pairs provide horizontal movements like spaces and
-fine glyph positioning (kerning). When one analyzes a file produced by
-a less sophisticated typesetting engine, whole sequences of words can
-be recognized. In \PDF\ files generated by \PDFTEX\ however, many words
-come out rather fragmented, mainly because a lot of kerning takes place;
-in our example the \type{80} moves the text \type{(elcome)} left towards
-the letter \type{(W)} by 80/1000 of the font size. \PDF\ viewers in search
-mode simply ignore the kerning information in these text streams. When
-a document is searched, the search engine reconstructs the text from these
-(string) snippets.
-
-Every \type{/Page} object points also to a \type{/Resources} object
-(no.~1) that gives all ingredients needed to assemble the page. In our
-example only a \type{/Font} object (no.~4) is referenced, which in turn
-tells that the text is typeset in \type{/Font} \type{/Times-Roman}. The
-\type{/Font} object points also to a \type{/Widths} array (object no.~7)
-that tells for each character by how much the viewer must move forward
-horizontally after typesetting a glyph.
-
-More details about the font can be found in the \type{/FontDescriptor}
-object (no.~8); if a font file is embedded, this object points to the
-font program stream. But as the Times-Roman font used for our example is
-one of the 14 so||called standard fonts that should always be present in
-any \PDF\ viewer and therefore need not be embedded in the \PDF\ file,
-it is left out here for brevity. However, when we use for instance a
-Computer Modern Roman font, we have to make sure that this font is later
-available to the \PDF\ viewer, and the best way to do this is to embed
-the font. It's highly recommended nowadays to embed even the standard
-fonts; you can't know how it looks exactly at the viewer side unless you
-embed every font.
-
-In this simple file we don't specify in what way the file should be opened,
-for instance full screen or clipped. A closer look at the page object no.~2
-(\typ{/Type /Page}) shows that a mediabox (\typ{/MediaBox}) is part of the
-page description. A mediabox acts like the (high-resolution) bounding box
-in a \POSTSCRIPT\ file. \PDFTEX\ users can add dictionary entries to page
-objects with the \type{\pdfpageattr} primitive.
-
-Although in most cases macro packages will shield users from these
-internals, \PDFTEX\ provides access to many of the entries described
-here, either automatically by translating the \TEX\ data structures into
-\PDF\ ones, or manually by pushing entries to the catalog, page, info or
-self-created objects. One can for instance create an object by using
-\type{\pdfobj}, after which \type{\pdflastobj} returns its number. So
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfobj{<< /Type/ExtGState /LW 2 >>}
-\stoptyping
-
-inserts an object into the \PDF\ file (it creates a ``graphics state''
-object setting the line width to 2~units), and \type{\pdflastobj} now
-returns the number \PDFTEX\ assigned to this object. Unless objects are
-referenced by others, they will just end up as isolated entities, not
-doing any real harm but bloating the \PDF\ file.
-
-In general this rather direct way of pushing objects in the \PDF\ files
-by primitives like \type{\pdfobj} is not very useful, and only makes
-sense when implementing, say, fill||in field support or annotation
-content reuse. We will come to that later.
-
-Of course, this is just the barest introduction to \PDF\ format. For
-those who want to learn more about the gory \PDF\ details, the best bet
-is to read the \PDFReference. You can download this book as a big \PDF\
-file from Adobe's \PDF\ Technology Center, \from[pdfreference] --- or
-get the heavy paper version.
-
-We now turn to specifics of \PDFTEX.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Invoking \PDFTEX}
-
-\PDFTEX\ has many command line options. Except for the simple and
-rarely-used \type{-draftmode} and \type{-output-format} options, they
-are all inherited from the common framework for \TeX\ engines as
-implemented in \WEBC\ (its manual is available at \from [web2c]).
-
-The same commonality holds for environment variables; see the section
-``Setting search paths'' above for an overview. Two additional
-environment variables need more description here: first,
-\type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} (introduced in version 1.40.17, 2016). If this
-is set, it must be a positive integer (with one trivial exception: if it
-is set but empty, that is equivalent to 0). Non-integer values cause a
-fatal error. The value is used as the current time in seconds since the
-usual Unix ``epoch'': the beginning of 1970-01-01, UTC. Thus, a value
-of \type{32} would result in a \type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate}
-values of \type{19700101000032Z}. This is useful for reproducible
-builds of documents. (See also \type{\pdfinfoomitdate},
-\type{\pdfsuppressptexinfo}, et al.)
-
-The second, related, environment variable is \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE}.
-If this is set to~\type{1}, \TEX's time-related primitives are also
-initialized from the value of \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}. These primitives
-are \type{\year}, \type{\month}, \type{\day}, and \type{\time}. If
-\type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} is not set, setting \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE}
-has no effect. If \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} is unset, set to the empty
-string, or set to~\type{0}, the primitives reflect the current time as
-usual. Any other value elicits a warning, and the current time is used.
-This is useful if one wants to make reproducible \PDF{}s for a set
-of documents without changing them in any way, e.g., an operating system
-distribution with manuals that use \type{\today}. Except in such unusual
-circumstances, it is better not to set this, and let the \TEX\
-primitives retain the meaning they have always had.
-
-In addition, if both \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
-\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} are set, \type{\pdffilemoddate} returns a value
-in UTC, ending in \type{Z}. (The values of the environment variables are
-irrelevant in this case.)
-
-Finally, just to have the list of options and basic invocation at hand,
-here is a verbatim listing of the \type{-}\type{-help} output. All
-options can be specified with one or two dashes and unambiguously
-abbreviated.
-
-\begingroup
-\startnotmode[screen]
- \switchtobodyfont[10pt] % keep line lengths shorter
-\stopnotmode
-
-\typefile{pdftex-help.txt}
-
-\endgroup
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Macro packages supporting \PDFTEX}
-
-As \PDFTEX\ generates the final \PDF\ output without help of
-a postprocessor, macro packages that take care of these \PDF\ features
-have to be set up properly. Typical tasks are handling color,
-graphics, hyperlink support, threading, font||inclusion, as well as
-page imposition and manipulation. All these \PDF||specific tasks can be
-controlled by \PDFTEX's own primitives (a few also by a \PDFTEX||specific
-\type{\special{pdf: ...}} primitive). Any other \type{\special{}} commands,
-like the ones defined for various \DVI\ postprocessors, are simply
-ignored by \PDFTEX\ when in \PDF\ output mode; a warning is given only
-for non||empty \type{\special{}} commands.
-
-When a macro package already written for classical \TEX\ with \DVI\ output
-is to be modified for use with \PDFTEX, it is very helpful to get some
-insight to what extent \PDFTEX||specific support is needed. This info can
-be gathered \eg\ by outputting the various \type{\special} commands
-as \type{\message}. Simply type
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfoutput=1 \let\special\message
-\stoptyping
-
-or, if this leads to confusion,
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfoutput=1 \def\special#1{\write16{special: #1}}
-\stoptyping
-
-and see what happens. As soon as one \quote {special} message turns up, one
-knows for sure that some kind of \PDFTEX\ specific support is needed, and
-often the message itself gives a indication of what is needed.
-
-Currently all mainstream macro packages offer \PDFTEX\ support, with
-automatic detection of \PDFTEX\ as engine. So there is normally no need
-to turn on \PDFTEX\ support explicitly.
-
-\startitemize
-
-\item For \LATEX\ users, Sebastian Rahtz and Heiko Oberdiek's \type
- {hyperref} package has substantial support for \PDFTEX\ and
- provides access to most of its features. In the simplest and
- most common case, the user merely needs to load \type{hyperref},
- and all cross||references will be converted to \PDF\ hypertext
- links. \PDF\ output is automatically selected, compression is
- turned on, and the page size is set up correctly. Bookmarks are
- created to match the table of contents.
-
-\item The standard \LATEX\ \type{graphics}, \type{graphicx}, and
- \type{color} packages also have automatic \pdfTeX\ support, which
- allow use of color, text rotation, and graphics inclusion commands.
-
-\item The \CONTEXT\ macro package by Hans Hagen has very full support
- for \PDFTEX\ in its generalized hypertext features. Support for
- \PDFTEX\ is implemented as a special driver, and is invoked by
- typing \type{\setupoutput[pdftex]} or feeding \TEXEXEC\ with the
- \hbox{\tt -{}-pdf} option.
-
-\item \PDF\ from \TEXINFO\ documents can be created by running \PDFTEX\ on
- the \TEXINFO\ file, instead of \TEX. Alternatively, run the shell
- command \type{texi2pdf} instead of \type{texi2dvi}.
-
-\item A small modification of \filename {webmac.tex}, called \filename
- {pdfwebmac.tex}, allows production of hyperlinked \PDF\ versions
- of the program code written in \WEB.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-Some nice samples of \PDFTEX\ output can be found at
-\from[ptex_org], \from[context], and \from[tex_showcase].
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Setting up fonts}
-
-\PDFTEX\ can work with Type~1 and TrueType fonts (and to some extent
-also with OpenType fonts). Font files should be available and embedded
-for all fonts used in the generated \PDF. It is possible to use
-\METAFONT||generated fonts in \PDFTEX\ --- but it is strongly
-recommended not to use these fonts if an equivalent is available in
-Type~1 or TrueType format, if only because bitmap Type~3 fonts render
-poorly under enlargement.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection[mapfile]{Map files}
-
-Font map files provide the connection between \TEX\ \TFM\ font files
-and outline font file names. They contain also information about
-re||encoding arrays, partial font embedding (``subsetting''), and
-character transformation parameters (like SlantFont and ExtendFont). Those
-map files were first created for \DVI\ postprocessors. But, as \PDFTEX\
-in \PDF\ output mode includes all \PDF\ processing steps, it also needs
-to know about font mapping, and therefore reads in one or more map files.
-Map files are not read in when \PDFTEX\ is in \DVI\ mode. Bitmap fonts
-can (and normally should) be used without being listed in the map file.
-
-By default, \PDFTEX\ reads the map file \filename{pdftex.map}. In \WEBC,
-map files are searched for using the \type{TEXFONTMAPS} config file value
-and environment variable. By default, the current directory and various
-system directories are searched.
-
-Within the map file, each font is listed on a single line. The syntax of
-each line is upward||compatible with \type{dvips} map files and can contain
-the following fields (some are optional; explanations follow):
-
-\startnarrower
-{\em tfmname psname fontflags special encodingfile fontfile}
-\stopnarrower
-
-It is mandatory that {\em tfmname} is the first field. If a {\em
-psname} is given, it must be the second field. Similarly if {\em
-fontflags} is given it must be the third field (if {\em psname} is
-present) or the second field (if {\em psname} is left out). The
-positions of {\em special}, {\em encodingfile}, and {\em fontfile} can
-be mixed.
-
-\startdescription {tfmname}
-sets the name of the \TFM\ file for a font --- the file name given in a
-\TEX\ \type{\font} command. This name must always be given.
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {psname}
-sets the (\POSTSCRIPT) base font name, which has two uses:
-
-First, when a \PDF\ file is embedded by \type{\pdfximage}, the
-\type{/BaseFont} names in the font dictionaries of Type~1 and Type~1C
-(CFF) fonts from the embedded \PDF\ file are checked against this {\em
-psname} field. If names match, the glyphs of that font will not be
-copied from the embedded \PDF\ file, but instead a local font is opened,
-and all needed glyphs will be taken from the Type~1 font file that is
-mentioned in the map line (see {\em fontfile} below). By this collecting
-mechanism Type~1 glyphs can be shared between several embedded \PDF\
-files and with text that is typeset by \PDFTEX, which helps keeping the
-resulting \PDF\ file size small, if many files with similar Type~1(C)
-fonts are embedded. Replacing Type~1 fonts from embedded \PDF\ files
-requires that also a Type~1 font file name is in the {\em fontfile} field
-(see below).
-
-Second, if a font file is not to be embedded into the \PDF\ output
-({\em fontfile} field missing), then the {\em psname} field will be
-copied to the \type{/BaseFont} and \type{/FontName} dictionary entries
-in the \PDF\ file, so that the \POSTSCRIPT\ font name will be known to
-reading applications (\eg\ viewers).
-
-It is highly recommended to use the {\em psname} field, but
-strictly speaking it is optional.
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {fontflags}
-optionally specify some characteristics of the font. The following description of
-these flags is taken, with slight modification, from the \PDFReference\
-(the section on font descriptor flags). Viewers can adapt their rendering
-to these flags, especially when they substitute a non-embedded font by
-some own approximation.
-
-\startnarrower
-
-The value of the flags key in a font descriptor is a 32||bit integer that
-contains a collection of boolean attributes. These attributes are true if the
-corresponding bit is set to~1. \in{Table}[flags] specifies the meanings of
-the bits, with bit~1 being the least significant. Reserved bits must be set
-to zero.
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|c|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf bit position \NC \bf semantics \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC 1 \NC Fixed||width font \NC\NR
-\NC 2 \NC Serif font \NC\NR
-\NC 3 \NC Symbolic font \NC\NR
-\NC 4 \NC Script font \NC\NR
-\NC 5 \NC Reserved \NC\NR
-\NC 6 \NC Uses the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set \NC\NR
-\NC 7 \NC Italic \NC\NR
-\NC 8--16 \NC Reserved \NC\NR
-\NC 17 \NC All||cap font \NC\NR
-\NC 18 \NC Small||cap font \NC\NR
-\NC 19 \NC Force bold at small text sizes \NC\NR
-\NC 20--32 \NC Reserved \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable
- [here][flags]
- {The meaning of flags in the font descriptor.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-All characters in a {\em fixed||width} font have the same width, while
-characters in a proportional font have different widths. Characters in a {\em
-serif font} have short strokes drawn at an angle on the top and bottom of
-character stems, while sans serif fonts do not have such strokes. A {\em
-symbolic font} contains symbols rather than letters and numbers. Characters
-in a {\em script font} resemble cursive handwriting. An {\em all||cap} font,
-which is typically used for display purposes such as titles or headlines,
-contains no lowercase letters. It differs from a {\em small||cap} font in
-that characters in the latter, while also capital letters, have been sized
-and their proportions adjusted so that they have the same size and stroke
-weight as lowercase characters in the same typeface family.
-
-Bit~6 in the flags field indicates that the font's character set
-conforms to the
-Adobe Standard Roman Character Set, or a subset of that, and that it uses
-the standard names for those characters.
-
-Finally, bit~19 is used to determine whether or not bold characters are
-drawn with extra pixels even at very small text sizes. Typically, when
-characters are drawn at small sizes on very low resolution devices such
-as display screens, features of bold characters may appear only one pixel
-wide. Because this is the minimum feature width on a pixel||based device,
-ordinary non||bold characters also appear with one||pixel wide features,
-and thus cannot be distinguished from bold characters. If bit~19 is set,
-features of bold characters may be thickened at small text sizes.
-
-\stopnarrower
-
-If the {\em fontflags} field is not given, and the font is embedded,
-\PDFTEX\ treats it as the value~4 (decimal, that is, bit position 3 is set),
-a symbolic font. For non-embedded fonts, the default value is
-\type{0x22}, a non-symbolic serif font. If you do not know the correct
-value, it is best not to specify it at all, as specifying a bad value of
-font flags may cause trouble in viewers. On the other hand this option
-is not absolutely useless because it provides backward compatibility
-with older map files (see the {\em fontfile} description below).
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {special}
-specifies font manipulations in the same way as
-\type{dvips}. Currently only the keywords \type{SlantFont}
-and \type{ExtendFont} are interpreted, other instructions (notably
-\type{ReEncodeFont} and its parameters, see {\em encoding} below) are
-just ignored. The permitted \type{SlantFont} range is $-$1..1;
-for \type{ExtendFont} it's $-$2..2. The block of {\em special}
-instruction must be enclosed by double quote characters: \type{"}.
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {encodingfile} specifies the name of the file
-containing the external encoding vector to be used for the font. The
-encoding file name must have the extension \type{.enc}, and the file
-name including extension must be given with either a preceding~\type{<}
-character or a preceding~\type{<[}. The format of the encoding vector is
-identical to that used by \type{dvips}. If no encoding is specified, the
-font's built||in default encoding is used. The {\em encodingfile} field
-may be omitted if you are sure that the font resource has the correct
-built||in encoding. In general this option is highly recommended, and it
-is {\em required} when subsetting a TrueType font.
-
-Starting with version 1.40.19, an encoding file can also be specified
-for bitmap \PK\ fonts. In this case, it assigns the glyph names from the
-given encoding vector, which can be used with the
-\type{\pdfglyphtounicode} primitive (q.v.). For example:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfglyphtounicode{ffi}{0066 0066 0069} % normally: \input glyphtounicode
-\pdfgentounicode=1
-\pdfmapline{cmb10 <7t.enc}
-\font\cmb=cmb10 \cmb ffi
-\stoptyping
-
-The result is a \PDF\ file with a correctly-labeled \type{/ffi}
-character instead of the numeric character position in the
-\type{cmb10.tfm} (decimal 14).
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {fontfile}
-sets the name of the font file to be embedded into the \PDF\ output for a
-given \TeX\ font (the {\em tfmname}~$\leftrightarrow$~{\em fontfile}
-mapping is the most prominent use of the \filename{pdftex.map} file).
-The font file name must belong to a Type~1 or TrueType font file. If
-the {\em fontfile} field is missing, no font embedding can take place;
-in case the {\em psname} field does not contain one of the 14 standard
-font names also a warning will be given. Not embedding a font into a \PDF\
-file might be troublesome, as it requires that the font or some similar
-looking replacement font is available within the \PDF\ viewer, so that
-it can render the glyphs with its own font version.
-
-The font file name should be preceded by one or two special characters,
-specifying how to handle the font file:
-
-\startitemize
-
-\item If the font file name is preceded by a \type{<} character, the
- font file will be only partially embedded in the \PDF\ output
- (``subsetted''), meaning that only used glyphs are written to
- the \PDF\ file. This is the most common use and is {\em strongly
- recommended} for any font, as it ensures the portability and
- reduces the size of the \PDF\ output. Subsetted fonts are included
- in such a way that name and cache clashes are minimized.
-
-\item If the font file name is preceded by a double \type{<<}, the font
- file will be included entirely --- all glyphs of the font are
- embedded, including even those not used in the document. Apart
- from causing large size \PDF\ output, this option may cause
- troubles with TrueType fonts, so it is normally not recommended
- for Type~1 or TrueType fonts. But this is currently the only mode
- that allows the use of OpenType fonts. This mode might also be
- useful in case the font is atypical and cannot be subsetted well
- by \PDFTEX. {\em Beware: proprietary font vendors typically
- forbid full font inclusion.}
-
-\item If no special character precedes the font file name, it is
- ignored, with a warning (this case was deprecated in \PDFTEX\
- version 1.40.0). You achieve exactly the same \PDF\ result if you
- just remove the font file name from the map entry. Then the glyph
- widths that go into the \PDF~file are extracted from the
- \TFM~file, and a font descriptor object is created that contains
- approximations of the font metrics for the selected font.
-
-\item Specifying the {\em psname} and no font file name is only useful
- as a last-ditch fallback when you do not want to embed the font
- (\eg\ due to font license restrictions), but wish to use the font
- metrics and let the \PDF\ viewer generate instances that look
- close to the used font in case the font resource is not installed
- on the system where the \PDF\ output will be viewed or
- printed. To use this feature, the font flags {\em must} be
- specified, and it must have the bit~6 set on, which means that
- only fonts with the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set can be
- simulated. The only exception is the case of a symbolic font,
- which is not very useful.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-If you encounter problematic lookups, for instance if \PDFTEX\ tries
-to open a \type{.pfa} file instead of a \type{.pfb}, you can add
-the suffix to the filename. In this respect, \PDFTEX\ completely relies
-on the \type{kpathsea} library.
-
-\stopdescription
-
-For Type~1 and TrueType fonts, the font file will be included only once
-in the \PDF\ output, regardless of how many \TeX\ \type{\font} instances
-are used in the document. For instance, given
-
-\starttyping
-\font\a = cmr12
-\font\b = cmr12 at 11pt
-\stoptyping
-
-the outline file \type{cmr12.pfb} will only be included once in the
-\PDF, and merely scaled down to create the instance for \type{\b}.
-
-If a used font is not present in the map files, \PDFTEX\ will try to use
-\PK~fonts as most \DVI\ drivers do, creating \PK~fonts on||the||fly if
-needed. This is the normal, and recommended, way to use bitmap fonts.
-
-To summarize this rather confusing story, we include some example map
-lines. The most common way is to embed only a subset of glyphs from a
-font for a particular desired encoding, like this:
-
-\starttyping
-ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb
-\stoptyping
-
-Without re||encoding it looks like this:
-
-\starttyping
-cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10.pfb
-\stoptyping
-
-\type{SlantFont} and \type{ExtendFont} fields are specified as with
-\type{dvips}. \type{SlantFont} and \type{ExtendFont} work only with
-embedded Type~1 fonts:
-
-\starttyping
-psyro StandardSymL ".167 SlantFont" <usyr.pfb
-pcrr8rn Courier ".85 ExtendFont" <8r.enc <pcrr8a.pfb
-\stoptyping
-
-Entirely embed a font into the \PDF\ file without and with re||encoding
-(not typically useful):
-
-\starttyping
-fmvr8x MarVoSym <<marvosym.pfb
-pgsr8r GillSans <8r.enc <<pgsr8a.pfb
-\stoptyping
-
-A TrueType font can be used in the same way as a Type~1 font:
-
-\starttyping
-verdana8r Verdana <8r.enc <verdana.ttf
-\stoptyping
-
-Finally, a few cases with non-embedded fonts. If the fontfile is
-missing, the viewer application will have to use its own approximation
-of the missing font (with and without re||encoding):
-
-\starttyping
-ptmr8r Times-Roman <8r.enc
-psyr Symbol
-\stoptyping
-
-In the next example the numerical font flags give some rough hint what
-general characteristics the GillSans font has, so \eg\ the Adobe Reader
-might try an approximation, if it doesn't have the font resource nor
-any clue how a font named GillSans should look like:
-
-\starttyping
-pgsr8r GillSans 32 <8r.enc
-\stoptyping
-
-Not embedding fonts is rather risky and should generally be avoided.
-The recommendation these days is to embed all fonts, even the 14 standard ones.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Helper tools for TrueType fonts}
-
-As mentioned above, \PDFTEX\ can work with TrueType fonts. Defining
-TrueType fonts is similar to Type~1. The only extra thing to do
-with TrueType is to create a \TFM\ file. There is a program called
-\type{ttf2afm} in the \PDFTEX\ distribution which can be used to
-extract \AFM\ from TrueType fonts (another conversion program is
-\type{ttf2pt1}). Usage of \type{ttf2afm} is simple:
-
-\starttyping
-ttf2afm -e <encoding vector> -o <afm outputfile> <ttf input file>
-\stoptyping
-
-A TrueType file can be recognized by its suffix \filename {ttf}. The optional
-{\em encoding} specifies the encoding, which is the same as the encoding
-vector used in map files for \PDFTEX\ and \type{dvips}. If the encoding is
-not given, all the glyphs of the \AFM\ output will be mapped to \type
-{/.notdef}. \type{ttf2afm} writes the output \AFM\ to standard output. If we
-need to know which glyphs are available in the font, we can run \type
-{ttf2afm} without encoding to get all glyph names. The resulting \AFM\ file
-can be used to generate a \TFM\ one by applying \filename {afm2tfm}.
-
-To use a new TrueType font the minimal steps may look like below. We suppose
-that \filename {test.map} is used.
-
-\starttyping
-ttf2afm -e 8r.enc -o times.afm times.ttf
-afm2tfm times.afm -T 8r.enc
-echo "times TimesNewRomanPSMT <8r.enc <times.ttf" >>test.map
-\stoptyping
-
-There are a few limitations with TrueType fonts in comparison with
-Type~1 fonts:
-
-\startitemize[a,packed]
-\item The special effects SlantFont|/|ExtendFont did not work
- before version 1.40.0.
-\item To subset a TrueType font, the font must be specified as re||encoded,
- therefore an encoding vector must be given.
-\item TrueType fonts coming with embedded \PDF\ files are kept
- untouched; they are not replaced by local ones.
-\stopitemize
-
-For much more about \PDFTEX\ and TrueType fonts, including many details
-on handling glyph names, see ``A closer look at TrueType fonts and
-\PDFTEX'', {\em TUGboat} 30:1 (2009), pp.~32||34, \from[thanh_truetype_tub]
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Formal syntax specification}
-
-This section formally specifies the \PDFTEX-specific extensions to the
-\TEX\ macro programming language. Most primitives are prefixed by
-\type{pdf}. The general definitions and syntax rules follow after the
-list of primitives.
-
-Two new units of measure were introduced in \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0: the
-new Didot (1\,nd~=~0.375\,mm) and the new Cicero (1\,nc~=~12\,nd)
-(the former was proposed by \ISO\ in 1975).
-
-% Generated list of primitives (see Makefile).
-\input pdftex-syntax.tex
-
-\subsubject{General definitions and syntax rules}
-
-\startpacked
-
-%%S NL
-%%S Syntax rules:
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{general text} \Means %
- \Lbrace \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{attr spec} \Means %
- \Literal{attr} \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{resources spec} \Means %
- \Literal{resources} \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{rule spec} \Means %
- (\Literal{width} \Or \Literal{height} \Or \Literal{depth}) %
- \Something{dimen} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
-}
-
-%\Syntax{\Something{object type spec} \Means
-% \Optional{\Literal{stream}
-% \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}} \Something{object contents}}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{object type spec} \Means %
- \Literal{reserveobjnum}
- \Or \Next %
- \Optional{\Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}} \Next %
- \Optional{\Literal{stream} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}} %
- \Something{object contents}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{annot type spec} \Means %
- \Literal{reserveobjnum}
- \Or \Next %
- \Optional{\Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}} %
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} %
- \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{object contents} \Means %
- \Something{file spec}
- \Or \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{xform attr spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Optional{\Something{resources spec}}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{image attr spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{page spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{outline spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} %
- \Something{action spec} %
- \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{number}} %
- \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{action spec} \Means %
- \Literal{user} \Something{user-action spec}
- \Or \Literal{goto} \Something{goto-action spec}
- \Or \Next \Literal{thread} \Something{thread-action spec}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{user-action spec} \Means %
- \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{goto-action struct spec} \Means %
- \Literal{struct} (\Something{numid} \Or \Literal{nameid} \Or \Something{general text})
-}
-
-% keep in sync with redundant copy below.
-\Syntax{
-\Something{goto-action spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{numid}
- \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid}
- \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text}
- \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid} \Something{newwindow spec}
- \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text} \Something{newwindow spec}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{thread-action spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Something{numid}
- \Or \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Something{nameid}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{colorspace spec} \Means %
- \Literal{colorspace} \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pdf box spec} \Means %
- \Literal{mediabox} %
- \Or \Literal{cropbox} %
- \Or \Literal{bleedbox} %
- \Or \Literal{trimbox} %
- \Or \Literal{artbox}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{map spec} \Means %
- \Lbrace \Optional{\Something{map modifier}} %
- \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{map modifier} \Means %
- \Literal{+} \Or \Literal{=} \Or \Literal{-}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{numid} \Means %
- \Literal{num} \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{nameid} \Means %
- \Literal{name} \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{newwindow spec} \Means %
- \Literal{newwindow} \Or \Literal{nonewwindow}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{dest spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Literal{struct} \Something{number}} \\
- (\Something{numid} \Or \Something{nameid})
- \Something{dest type}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{dest type} \Means %
- \Literal{xyz} \Optional{\Literal{zoom} \Something{number}}
- \Or \Literal{fitr} \Something{rule spec}
- \Or \Next \Literal{fitbh}
- \Or \Literal{fitbv}
- \Or \Literal{fitb}
- \Or \Literal{fith}
- \Or \Literal{fitv}
- \Or \Literal{fit}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{thread spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} %
- \Something{id spec}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{id spec} \Means %
- \Something{numid} \Or \Something{nameid}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{file spec} \Means %
- \Literal{file} \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{page spec} \Means %
- \Literal{page} \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{expand spec} \Means %
- \Something{stretch} %
- \Something{shrink} %
- \Something{step} %
- \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{stretch} \Means %
- \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{shrink} \Means %
- \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{step} \Means %
- \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pre spec} \Means %
- \Literal{pre}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pdfspecial spec} \Means %
- \Lbrace \Optional{\Something{pdfspecial id} %
- \Optional{\Something{pdfspecial modifier}}} %
- \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pdfspecial id} \Means %
- \Literal{pdf:} \Or \Literal{PDF:}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pdfspecial modifier} \Means %
- \Literal{direct:}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{stack action} \Means %
- \Literal{set} \Or \Literal{push} \Or \Literal{pop} \Or \Literal{current}
-}
-
-\stoppacked
-
-A \Something{general text} is expanded immediately, like \type{\special}
-in traditional \TEX, unless explicitly mentioned otherwise.
-
-Some of the object and image related primitives can be prefixed by
-\type{\immediate}. More about that in the next sections.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section[primitives]{\PDFTEX\ primitives}
-
-Here follows a description of the primitives added by \PDFTEX\ to the
-original \TEX\ engine (other extensions by \ETEX, \MLTEX\ and \ENCTEX\
-are not listed). Many of these primitives are described further in the
-\filename {samplepdf.tex} file in the \PDFTEX\ distribution.
-
-If the output is \DVI, then the \PDFTEX-specific dimension parameters
-are not used at all. However, some \PDFTEX\ integer parameters can
-affect \DVI\ as well as \PDF\ output (specifically, \type{\pdfoutput} and
-\type{\pdfadjustspacing}).
-
-%A warning to macro writers: The \PDFTEX-team reserves the namespaces
-%\type{\pdf*} and \type{\ptex*} for use by \PDFTEX; if you define macros
-%whose names start with \type{\pdf} or \type{\ptex}, you risk nameclashes
-%with new primitives introduced in future versions of \PDFTEX.
-
-General warning: many of these new primitives, for example
-\type{\pdfdest} and \type{\pdfoutline}, write their arguments directly
-to the \PDF\ output file (when producing \PDF), as \PDF\ string
-constants. This means that {\em you} (or, more likely, the macros you
-write) must escape characters as necessary (namely \type{\}, \type{(},
-and \type{)}. Otherwise, an invalid \PDF\ file may result. The
-\type{hyperref} and \TEXINFO\ packages have code which may serve as
-a starting point for implementing
-this, although it will certainly need to be adapted to any particular
-situation.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Document setup}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfoutput} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfoutput}}
-
-This parameter specifies whether the output format should be \DVI\ or
-\PDF. A positive value means \PDF\ output, otherwise (default 0) one gets
-\DVI\ output. This primitive is the only one that must be set to produce
-\PDF\ output (unless the commandline option \type{-output-format=pdf}
-is used); all other primitives are optional. This parameter cannot be
-specified {\em after} shipping out the first page. In other words, if
-we want \PDF\ output, we have to set \type{\pdfoutput} before \PDFTEX\
-ships out the first page.
-
-When \PDFTEX\ starts complaining about specials, one can be rather sure
-that a macro package is not aware of the \PDF\ mode. A simple way of
-making macros aware of \PDFTEX\ in \PDF\ or \DVI\ mode is:
-
-\starttyping
-\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined \csname newcount\endcsname\pdfoutput \fi
-\ifcase\pdfoutput DVI CODE \else PDF CODE \fi
-\stoptyping
-
-Using the \type{ifpdf.sty} file, which works with both \LATEX\ and plain
-\TeX, is a cleaner way of doing this. Historically, the simple test
-\type{\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined} was defined; but nowadays, the \PDFTEX\
-engine is used in distributions also for non-\PDF\ formats (\eg\
-\LATEX), so \type{\pdfoutput} may be defined even when the output format
-is \DVI.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmajorversion} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmajorversion}}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfminorversion} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfminorversion}}
-
-Together, these two primitives specify the \PDF\ version for generated \PDF\
-output. The defaults compiled into the \PDFTEX\ program are
-\type{\pdfmajorversion=1} and \type{\pdfminorversion=4}, thus \PDF~1.4
-is generated by default.
-
-However, distributions typically alter the engine's compiled default
-minor version of~4 when building formats. For example, as of 2010,
-\TEXLIVE\ sets \type{\pdfminorversion=5} when formats are built. This is
-so object compression can be enabled (see \type{\pdfobjcompress} below).
-
-This value also defines the highest \PDF\ version for included \PDF{}s
-to be allowed without error, by default (see
-\type{\pdfinclusionerrorlevel}).
-
-The values for both must be $\ge\,1$ but are not checked further.
-Furthermore, they are set independently; only setting
-\type{\pdfmajorversion=2} would result in \PDF~2.4 output; it's
-necessary to additionally set \type{\pdfminorversion}.
-
-If specified, these primitives must appear before any data is to be
-written to the generated \PDF\ file. The \type{\pdfmajorversion}
-primitive was introduced in \PDFTEX\ 1.40.21. \type{\pdfminorversion}
-was originally a shortened synonym of the
-\type{\pdfoptionpdfminorversion} command, which is now obsolete.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcompresslevel}}
-
-This integer parameter specifies the level of {\em stream} compression
-(text, inline graphics, and embedded \PNG\ images (only if they are un-
-and re-compressed during the embedding process); all done by the
-\type{zlib} library). Zero means no compression, 1~means fastest,
-9~means best, $2..8$ means something in between. A value outside this
-range will be adjusted to the nearest meaningful value. This parameter
-is read each time \PDFTEX\ starts a stream. Setting
-\type{\pdfcompresslevel=0} is useful for \PDF\ stream debugging.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfobjcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfobjcompresslevel}}
-
-This integer parameter controls the compression of {\em non-stream}
-objects. If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is
-written to the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-In the \PDF-1.4 specification, non-stream objects had to be written in
-the \PDF\ file as clear text, uncompressed. The \PDF-1.5 specification
-allows collecting non-stream objects as ``compressed objects'' into
-``object stream'' objects (\type{/Type /ObjStm}, see \PDF\ Ref.\
-5th~ed., sect.~3.4.6). At the end of the \PDF\ file, an \type{/XRef}
-cross-reference stream is then written out instead of the object table.
-This can result in a considerably smaller \PDF\ file, particularly if
-lots of annotations and links are used.
-
-The writing of compressed objects is enabled by setting
-\type{\pdfobjcompresslevel} to a value between~1 and~3; it's disabled
-if~0 (default). Object compression also requires that
-\type{\pdfminorversion}$\,\ge\,$5 (or
-\type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,\ge\,$2), else a warning is given and the
-compression is disabled. The \type{\pdfobjcompresslevel} value is
-clipped to the range $0..3$. Using values outside this range is not
-recommended (for future extension).
-
-The \type{\pdfobjcompresslevel} settings have the following effects:
-\startitemize[0,packed]
-\item When set to~0, no object streams are generated at all.
-\item When set to~1,
-all non-stream objects are compressed with the exception of any objects
-coming with embedded \PDF\ files (``paranoid'' mode, to avoid yet unknown
-problems), and also the \type{/Info} dictionary is not compressed for
-clear-text legibility.
-\item When set to~2, also all non-stream objects coming
-with embedded \PDF\ files are compressed, but the \type{/Info} dictionary
-is still not compressed.
-\item Finally, when set to~3, all non-stream objects
-are compressed, including the \type{/Info} dictionary (this means that
-the \type{/Info} can't be read as clear text any more). If object streams
-are to be used, currently \type{\pdfobjcompresslevel=2} is recommended,
-and is so specified in some distributions, including \TEXLIVE~2010 and later.
-\stopitemize
-
-\description{Compatibility caveat:} \PDF\ files generated with object
-streams enabled can't be read with (sufficiently old) \PDF\ viewers that
-don't understand \PDF-1.5 files. For widest distribution and unknown
-audience, don't activate object stream writing. The \PDF-1.5 standard
-describes also a hybrid object compression mode that gives some backward
-compatibility, but this is currently not implemented, as \PDF-1.5 was
-rather quickly adopted by modern \PDF\ viewers. Also not implemented is
-the optional \type{/Extends} key.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfdecimaldigits} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfdecimaldigits}}
-
-This integer parameter specifies the numeric accuracy of real
-coordinates as written to the \PDF\ file. It gives the maximal number of
-decimal digits after the decimal point. Valid values are in range
-$0..4$. A higher value means more precise output, but also results in a
-larger file size and more time to display or print. In most cases the
-optimal value is~2. This parameter does not influence the precision of
-numbers used in raw \PDF\ code, like that used in \type{\pdfliteral} and
-annotation action specifications; also multiplication items (\eg\
-scaling factors) are not affected and are always output with best
-precision. This parameter is read when \PDFTEX\ writes a real number to
-the \PDF\ output.
-
-When including huge \METAPOST\ images using \filename {supp-pdf.tex}, one can
-limit the accuracy to two digits with: \type{\twodigitMPoutput}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfhorigin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfhorigin}}
-
-This parameter can be used to set the horizontal offset the output box
-from the top left corner of the page. A value of 1~inch corresponds to the
-normal \TEX\ offset. This parameter is read when \PDFTEX\ starts shipping
-out a page to the \PDF\ output.
-
-For standard purposes, this parameter should always be kept at
-1~true inch. If you want to shift text on the page, use \TEX's
-own \type{\hoffset} primitive. To avoid surprises, after global
-magnification has been changed by the \type{\mag} primitive, the
-\type{\pdfhorigin} parameter should still be 1~true inch, \eg\
-by typing \type{\pdfhorigin=1 true in} after issuing the \type{\mag}
-command. Or, you can preadjust the \type{\pdfhorigin} value before typing
-\type{\mag}, so that its value after the \type{\mag} command ends up at
-1~true inch again.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfvorigin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfvorigin}}
-
-This parameter is the vertical companion of \type{\pdfhorigin}, and the
-notes above regarding \type{\mag} and true dimensions apply. Also keep
-in mind that the \TEX\ coordinate system starts in the top left corner
-(downward), while \PDF\ coordinates start at the bottom left corner
-(upward).
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpagewidth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpagewidth}}
-
-This dimension parameter specifies the page width of the \PDF\ output
-(the screen, the paper, etc.). \PDFTEX\ reads this parameter when it
-starts shipping out a page. After magnification has been changed by
-the \type{\mag} primitive, check that this parameter reflects the wished
-true page width.
-
-If the value is set to zero, the page width is calculated as
-$w_{\hbox{\txx box being shipped out}} + 2 \times (\hbox{horigin} +
-\hbox{\type{\hoffset}})$. When part of the page falls off the paper or
-screen, you can be rather sure that this parameter is set wrong.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpageheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpageheight}}
-
-Similar to the previous item, this dimension parameter specifies the
-page height of the \PDF\ output. If set to zero, the page height will
-be calculated analogously to the above. After magnification has been
-changed by the \type{\mag} primitive, check that this parameter reflects
-the wished true page height.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection[sec.docinfocatalog]{Document info and catalog}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfomitinfodict} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfomitinfodict}}
-
-If nonzero, omit the \type{/Info} dictionary completely, as required by
-the \PDF\ A-4 standard. \introduced{1.40.25}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinfo} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinfo}}
-
-This primitive allows the user to specify information for the document
-info dictionary; if this information is provided, it can be extracted,
-\eg\ by the \type{pdfinfo} program. The \Something{general text} is a
-collection of key||value||pairs. The key names are preceded by a
-\type{/}, and the values, being strings, are given between
-parentheses. All keys, and the primitive itself, are optional. Possible
-keys are:\crlf
-\type{/Title},\crlf
-\type{/Author},\crlf
-\type{/Subject},\crlf
-\type{/Keywords},\crlf
-\type{/Producer} (defaults to \hbox{\tt pdfTeX-\currentpdftex}),\crlf
-\type{/Creator} (defaults to \type{TeX}),\crlf
-\type{/CreationDate} (defaults to current date and time, with time zone),\crlf
-\type{/ModDate} (same default),\crlf
-\type{/Trapped} (defaults to \type{/False},\crlf
-\type{/PTEX.Fullbanner} (defaults to the \type{\pdftexbanner} string, q.v.).
-
-\type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate} are expressed in the form
-\type{D:YYYYMMDDhhmmssTZ}, where \type{YYYY} is the year, \type{MM} is
-the month, \type{DD} is the day, hh is the hour, \type{mm} is the
-minutes, \type{ss} is the seconds, and \type{TZ} is an optional string
-denoting the time zone, \type{Z} for universal time. For example, this
-is the Unix epoch, the beginning of 1970-01-01 UTC, in this format:
-\type{19700101000000Z}. If the time zone is not UTC, it is given as
-\type{+HH'mm'} or \type{-HH'mm'}, indicating an offset of the given
-hours and minutes from UTC, with the given either later (\type{+}) or
-earlier (\type{-}) than UTC. (This syntax is specified by the PDF
-definition.)
-
-Multiple appearances of \type{\pdfinfo} are concatenated. Usually if a
-key is given more than once, the first appearance will be used, but this
-is viewer||dependent. Except for standard \TeX\ expansion, \PDFTEX\ does
-not perform any further operations in the \Something{general text}
-provided by the user.
-
-Here is an example of using \type{\pdfinfo} to include the
-information not supplied by \PDFTEX:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfinfo {
- /Title (example.pdf)
- /Author (Tom and Jerry)
- /Subject (Example)
- /Keywords (mouse, cat)
-}
-\stoptyping
-
-For more details on all this, see the \PDFReference.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinfoomitdate} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinfoomitdate}}
-
-If nonzero, omit the \type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate} keys from
-the document info dictionary described above. This can be useful in
-making reproducible \PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsuppressptexinfo} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsuppressptexinfo}}
-
-Treated as a bitmask, specifying which \type{PTEX.*} keys to omit from
-the output:
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf value \NC \bf suppresses \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC \tt 1 \NC \type{PTEX.Fullbanner} \NC\NR
-\NC \tt 2 \NC \type{PTEX.FileName} \NC\NR
-\NC \tt 4 \NC \type{PTEX.PageNumber} \NC\NR
-\NC \tt 8 \NC \type{PTEX.InfoDict} \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable
- [here][suppressptexinfo]
- {\type{\pdfsuppressptexinfo} bit meanings.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-Thus, the value \type{-1}, or the sum of all defined bits, will suppress
-everything.
-
-\type{PTEX.Fullbanner} is included by default in the general document
-info dictionary, as mentioned under \type{\pdfinfo} above. The other
-\type{PTEX.*} keys are included when a \PDF\ is included in the document
-(and not otherwise), as described in \in{section}[sec.addpdfkeys].
-
-This conditional suppression can be useful in making reproducible
-\PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcatalog} \Something{general text}
- \Optional{\Literal{openaction} \Something{action spec}}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcatalog}}
-
-Similar to the document info section is the document catalog, where
-possible keys are \type{/URI}, which specifies the base \URL\ of the
-document, and \type {/PageMode}, which determines how the \PDF\ viewer
-displays the document on startup. The possibilities for the latter are
-explained in \in {table} [pagemode]:
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf value \NC \bf meaning \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC \tt /UseNone \NC neither outline nor thumbnails visible \NC\NR
-\NC \tt /UseOutlines \NC outline visible \NC\NR
-\NC \tt /UseThumbs \NC thumbnails visible \NC\NR
-\NC \tt /FullScreen \NC full||screen mode \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable
- [here][pagemode]
- {Supported \type{/PageMode} values.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-The default \type{/PageMode} setting is \type{/UseNone}. In
-full||screen mode, there is no menu bar, window controls, nor any other
-window present.
-
-After the \Something{general text}, a construct \Literal{openaction}
-\Something{action spec} can be given, where \Literal{openaction} is a
-\PDFTEX\ keyword, and \Something{action spec} specifies the action to be
-taken when opening the document. This \Something{action spec} is the
-same as for internal links; see \in {section} [linking]. (Instead of
-using this method, one can also write the open action directly into the
-catalog.)
-
-Several settings can be made in one \type{\pdfcatalog} call, for
-example:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfcatalog{
- /PageMode /FullScreen
-} openaction goto page 2 {/Fit}
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcreationdate} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcreationdate}}
-
-Expands to the date string \PDFTEX\ uses in the info dictionary of the
-document, \eg\ for this file {\tt\pdfcreationdate}. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfnames} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfnames}}
-
-This primitive inserts the \Something{general text} to the \type
-{/Names} array. The text must
-conform to the specifications as laid down in the \PDFReference,
-otherwise the document can be invalid.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftrailer} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftrailer}}
-
-This command puts its argument text verbatim into the file trailer
-dictionary. Example: \type{\pdftrailer {/mytrlrkey /mytrlrval}}.
-\introduced{1.11a}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftrailerid} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftrailerid}}
-
-Use the \Something{general text} to seed the \type{/ID} value in the
-trailer, instead of the default combination of the input file
-name and starting time. If the argument is empty, the \type{/ID} is
-omitted entirely. Example: \type{\pdftrailerid{}}. This can be useful
-in making reproducible \PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Fonts}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpkresolution} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpkresolution}}
-
-This integer parameter specifies the default resolution of embedded \PK\
-fonts and is read when \PDFTEX\ embeds a \PK\ font during finishing the
-\PDF\ output. As bitmap fonts are still rendered poorly by some \PDF\
-viewers, it is best to use Type~1 fonts when available.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontexpand}
- \Something{font} \Something{stretch} \Something{shrink}
- \Something{step} \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontexpand}}
-
-This extension to \TEX's font definitions controls a major \PDFTEX\ feature
-called {\em font expansion}. We describe this by an example:
-
-\starttyping
-\font\somefont=sometfm at 10pt
-\pdffontexpand\somefont 30 20 10 autoexpand
-\pdfadjustspacing=2
-\stoptyping
-
-The \type{30 20 10} means this: \quotation {hey \TEX, when line breaking
-is going badly, you may stretch the glyphs from this font as much as
-3\,\% or shrink them as much as 2\,\%}. For practical reasons \PDFTEX\
-uses discrete expansion steps, in this example, 1\,\%. Roughly spoken, the
-trick is as follows. Consider a text typeset in triple column mode. When
-\TEX\ cannot break a line in the appropriate way, the unbreakable parts
-of the word will stick into the margin. When \PDFTEX\ notes this, it
-will try to scale (shrink) the glyphs in that line using fixed steps,
-until the line fits. When lines are too spacy, the opposite happens:
-\PDFTEX\ starts scaling (stretching) the glyphs until the white space
-gaps is acceptable. This glyph stretching and shrinking is called
-{\em font expansion}. To enable font expansion, \type{\pdfadjustspacing}
-must be set to a value greater than zero.
-
-There are two different modes for font expansion:
-
-First, if the \type{autoexpand} option is given --- which is the
-recommended mode --- only a single map entry is needed for all expanded
-font versions, using the name of the unexpanded \TFM\ file ({\em
-tfmname}). No expanded {\em tfmname} versions need be mentioned (they are
-ignored), as \PDFTEX\ generates expanded instances of the unexpanded \TFM\
-data structures and keeps them in its memory. Since \PDFTEX~1.40.0 the
-\type{autoexpand} mode happens within the page stream by modification of
-the text matrix (\PDF\ operator ``\type{Tm}''), and not at the font
-file level, giving the advantage that it now works not only with Type~1
-but also with TrueType and OpenType fonts (and even without embedding
-a font file; but that's not recommended). In this mode \PDFTEX\ requires
-only unexpanded font files.
-
-Second, if the \type{autoexpand} option is missing, setting up font
-expansion gets more tedious, as there must be map entries for \TFM\ files
-in all required expansion values. The expanded {\em tfmname} variants
-are constructed by adding the font expansion value to the {\em tfmname}
-of the base font, \eg\ there must be a map entry with {\em tfmname}
-\type{sometfm+10} for 1\,\% stretch or \type{sometfm-15} for 1.5\,\%
-shrink. This also means that for each expanded font variant a \TFM\
-file with properly expanded metrics must exist. Having several map
-entries for the various expansion values of a font requires providing
-for each expansion value an individually crafted font file with expanded
-glyphs. Depending on how these glyphs are generated, this might give
-slightly better glyph forms than the rather simple glyph stretching
-used in \type{autoexpand mode}. The drawback is that several font
-files will be embedded in the \PDF\ output for each expanded font,
-leading to significantly larger \PDF\ files than in \type{autoexpand}
-mode. For moderate expansion values, going without \type{autoexpand}
-mode is typically not worth the trouble.
-
-A caveat: when \type{\pdffontexpand} is executed, \PDFTEX\ immediately
-loads two fonts, at the maximum stretch and shrink; in our example,
-\type{sometfm+30} and \type{sometfm-20}. (If they aren't available,
-\type{mktextfm} may be uselessly called, and then an error message
-issued.) This happens even if those fonts never end up being used, which
-is arguably undesirable, but hard to change. It is not a problem when
-using \type{autoexpand}.
-
-The font expansion mechanism is inspired by an optimization first
-introduced by Prof.~Hermann Zapf, which in itself goes back to
-optimizations used in the early days of typesetting: use different
-glyphs to optimize the grayness of a page. So, there are many, slightly
-different~a's, e's, etc. For practical reasons \PDFTEX\ does not use
-such huge glyph collections; it uses horizontal scaling instead. This is
-sub||optimal, and for many fonts, possibly offensive to the design. But,
-when using \PDF, it's not illogical: \PDF\ viewers support arbitrary
-scaling, after all. (Also, they used to use so||called
-Multiple Master fonts when no fonts are embedded and|/|or can be found
-on the target system. Such fonts are designed to adapt their design to
-the different scaling parameters. It is up to the user to determine
-to what extent mixing slightly remastered fonts can be used without
-violating the design. Think of an O: when geometrically stretched, the
-vertical part of the glyph becomes thicker, and looks incompatible with
-an unscaled original. With a Multiple Master situation, one can stretch
-while keeping this thickness compatible. Perhaps something similar
-happens with TrueType and OpenType fonts nowadays.)
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfadjustspacing} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfadjustspacing}}
-
-This primitive provides a switch for enabling font expansion. By default,
-\type{\pdfadjustspacing} is set to~0; then font expansion is disabled,
-so that the \PDFTEX\ output is identical to that from the original \TEX\
-engine.
-
-Font expansion can be activated in two modes. When
-\type{\pdfadjustspacing} is set to~1, font expansion is applied {\em
-after} \TEX's normal paragraph breaking routines have broken the paragraph
-into lines. In this case, line breaks are identical to standard \TEX\
-behavior.
-
-When set to~2, the width changes that are the result of stretching and
-shrinking are taken into account {\em while} the paragraph is broken into
-lines. In this case, line breaks are likely to be different from those of
-standard \TEX. In fact, paragraphs may even become longer or shorter.
-
-Both alternatives require a collection of \TFM\ files that are
-related to the \Something{stretch} and \Something{shrink} settings
-for the \type{\pdffontexpand} primitive, unless this is given with the
-\type{autoexpand} option.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\efcode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{efcode}}
-
-We haven't yet told the whole story. One can imagine that some glyphs are
-visually more sensitive to stretching or shrinking than others. Then the
-\type{\efcode} primitive can be used to influence the expandability of
-individual glyphs within a given font, as a factor to the expansion
-setting from the \type{\pdffontexpand} primitive. The syntax is similar
-to \type{\sfcode} (but with the \Something{font} required), and it
-defaults to~1000, meaning 100\,\% expandability. The given integer value
-is clipped to the range $0..1000$, corresponding to a usable
-expandability range of $0..100$\,\%. Example:
-
-\starttyping
-\efcode\somefont`A=800
-\efcode\somefont`O=0
-\stoptyping
-
-Here an A may stretch or shrink only by 80\,\% of the current expansion
-value for that font, and expansion for the~O is disabled. The actual
-expansion is still bound to the steps as defined by \type{\pdffontexpand}
-primitive, otherwise one would end up with more possible font inclusions
-than would be comfortable.
-
-Changes to this table are global, i.e., ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
-and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfprotrudechars} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfprotrudechars}}
-
-Yet another way of optimizing paragraph breaking is to let certain
-characters move into the margin (`character protrusion'). When
-\type{\pdfprotrudechars=1}, the glyphs qualified as such will make
-this move when applicable, without changing the line-breaking. When
-\type{\pdfprotrudechars=2} (or greater), character protrusion will
-be taken into account while considering breakpoints, so line-breaking
-might be changed. This qualification and the amount of shift are set by
-the primitives \type{\rpcode} and \type{\lpcode}. Character protrusion
-is disabled when \type{\pdfprotrudechars=0} (or negative).
-
-If you want to protrude some item other than a character (\eg\
-a \type{\hbox}), you can do so by padding the item with an invisible
-zero||width character, for which protrusion is activated.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\rpcode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{rpcode}}
-
-The amount that a character from a given font may shift into the right
-margin (`character protrusion') is set by the primitive \type{\rpcode}.
-The protrusion distance is the integer value given to \type{\rpcode},
-multiplied with 0.001\,em from the current font. The given integer value
-is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$, corresponding to a usable
-protrusion range of $-$1\,em..1\,em. Example:
-
-\starttyping
-\rpcode\somefont`,=200
-\rpcode\somefont`-=150
-\stoptyping
-
-Here the comma may shift by 0.2\,em into the margin and the hyphen by
-0.15\,em. All these small bits and pieces will help \PDFTEX\ to give
-you better paragraphs (use \type{\rpcode} judiciously; don't overdo it).
-
-Remark: old versions of \PDFTEX\ use the character width as measure. This
-was changed to a proportion of the em-width after \THANH\ finished his
-master's thesis.
-
-Changes to this table are global, i.e., ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
-and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\lpcode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{lpcode}}
-
-This is similar to \type{\rpcode}, but affects the amount by which
-characters may protrude into the left margin. Here also the given integer
-value is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$.
-
-Changes to this table are global, i.e., ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
-and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\leftmarginkern} \Something{box number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{leftmarginkern}}
-
-The \Tex{\leftmarginkern} \Something{box number} primitive expands to the
-width of the margin kern at the left side of the horizontal list stored
-in \Tex{\box} \Something{box number}. The expansion string includes the
-unit \type{pt}. \Eg, when the left margin kern of \type{\box0} amounts
-to $-$10\,pt, \type{\leftmarginkern0} will expand to \type{-10pt}.
-A similar primitive \type{\rightmarginkern} exists for the right margin.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-These are auxiliary primitives to make character protrusion
-more versatile. When using the \TEX\ primitive \type{\unhbox} or
-\type{\unhcopy}, the margin kerns at either end of the unpackaged
-hbox will be removed (\eg\ to avoid weird effects if several
-hboxes are unpackaged behind each other into the same horizontal
-list). These \type{\unhbox} or \type{\unhcopy} are often used together
-with \type{\vsplit} for dis- and re||assembling of paragraphs, \eg\ to
-add line numbers. Paragraphs treated like this do not show character
-protrusion by default, as the margin kerns have been removed during the
-unpacking process.
-
-The \type{\leftmarginkern} and \type{\rightmarginkern} primitives allow
-to access the margin kerns and store them away before unpackaging the
-hbox. \Eg\, the following code snipplet restores margin kerning of
-a horizontal list stored in \type{\box\testline}, resulting in a hbox with
-proper margin kerning (which is then done by ordinary kerns).
-
-\starttyping
-\dimen0=\leftmarginkern\testline
-\dimen1=\rightmarginkern\testline
-\hbox to\hsize{\kern\dimen0\unhcopy\testline\kern\dimen1}
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\rightmarginkern} \Something{box number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{rightmarginkern}}
-
-The \Tex{\rightmarginkern} \Something{box number} primitive expands to
-the width of the margin kern at the right side of the horizontal list
-stored in \Tex{\box} \Something{box number}. See \type{\leftmarginkern}
-for more details.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\letterspacefont} \Something{control sequence}
- \Something{font} \Something{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{letterspacefont}}
-
-This primitive creates an instance of \Something{font} with the widths
-of all glyphs increased by \Something{integer} thousandths of an em (as
-set in \Something{font}). The effect is letter spacing, but the glyphs
-are actually larger (sidebearings are increased), so a single glyph will
-take more space. For instance, the following creates a font
-\type{\lsfont} whose glyphs are all 1.2\,pt larger than those of
-\type{\normalfont}:
-
-\starttyping
-\font\normalfont=myfont at 12pt
-\letterspacefont\lsfont\normalfont 100
-\stoptyping
-
-Negative values are allowed for \Something{integer}.
-Letter spacing works natively in \PDF\ mode only, unless special fonts are
-devised (in our example, a \type{myfont+100ls} font), as with font expansion.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcopyfont} \Something{control sequence}
- \Something{font}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcopyfont}}
-
-This primitive defines \Something{control sequence} as a synonym for
-\Something{font}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontattr} \Something{font}
- \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontattr}}
-
-This primitive inserts the \Something{general text} to the \type{/Font}
-dictionary. The text must conform to the specifications as laid down in
-the \PDFReference, otherwise the document can be invalid. For examples,
-see the \type{cmap} and \type{CJK} packages.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontname} \Something{font}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontname}}
-
-In \PDF\ files produced by \PDFTEX\ one can recognize a font resource
-by the prefix~\type{/F} followed by a number, for instance \type{/F12}
-or \type{/F54}. For a given \TEX\ \Something{font}, this primitive
-expands to the number from the corresponding font resource name.
-\Eg, if \type{/F12} corresponds to some \TEX\ font \type{\foo}, the
-\type{\pdffontname\foo} expands to the number~\type{12}.
-
-In the current implementation, when \type{\pdfuniqueresname} (see below)
-is set to a positive value, the \type{\pdffontname} still returns only the
-number from the font resource name, but not the appended random string.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontobjnum} \Something{font}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontobjnum}}
-
-This command is similar to \type{\pdffontname}, but it returns the
-\PDF\ object number of the font dictionary instead of the number from
-the font resource name. \Eg, if the font dictionary (\type{/Type
-/Font}) in \PDF\ object~3 corresponds to some \TEX\ font \type{\foo},
-the \type{\pdffontobjnum\foo} gives the number~\type{3}.
-
-Use of \type{\pdffontname} and \type{\pdffontobjnum} allows users full
-access to all the font resources used in the document.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontsize} \Something{font}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontsize}}
-
-This primitive expands to the font size of the given font, with unit
-\type{pt}. \Eg, when using the plain \TeX\ macro package, the call
-\type{\pdffontsize\tenrm} expands to \type{10.0pt}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfincludechars} \Something{font}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfincludechars}}
-
-This command causes \PDFTEX\ to treat the characters in \Something{general
-text} as if they were used with \Something{font}\unkern, which means that the
-corresponding glyphs will be embedded into the font resources in the \PDF\
-output. Nothing is appended to the list being built.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfomitcharset} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfomitcharset}}
-
-If this primitive parameter is zero (the default), the \type{/CharSet}
-entry is included as usual for fonts in the \PDF\ output; if it is set
-to 1, then \type{/CharSet} is omitted. (Other values may have other
-meanings in the future, so do not rely on them.)
-
-Explanation: This parameter was created because the \PDFA-1 standard
-requires \type{/CharSet}, whereas \PDFA-2 and \PDFA-3 allow it to be
-omitted but have extraordinary requirements, which \PDFTEX\ does not
-currently meet, if it is included.\introduced{1.40.20}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfuniqueresname} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfuniqueresname}}
-
-When this primitive is assigned a positive number, \PDF\ resource names
-will be made reasonably unique by appending a random string consisting
-of six \ASCII\ characters.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmapfile} \Something{map spec}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmapfile}}
-
-This primitive is used for reading a font map file consisting of
-one or more font map lines. The name of the map file is given in
-the \Something{map spec} together with an optional leading modifier
-character. If no \type{\pdfmapfile} primitive is given, the default map
-file \filename{pdftex.map} will be read by \PDFTEX. There is a companion
-primitive \type{\pdfmapline} that allows to scan single map lines;
-its map line argument has the same syntax as the map lines from a map
-file. Both primitives can be used concurrently. The \type{\pdfmapfile}
-primitive is fast for reading external bulk font map information (many
-map lines collected in a map file), whereas the \type{\pdfmapline} allows
-to put the font map information for individual \TeX\ fonts right into
-the \TeX\ source or a style file. In any case the map line information
-is scanned by \PDFTEX, and in the most common case the data are put into
-a fresh internal map entry data structure, which is then consulted once
-a font is called.
-
-Normally there is no need for the \PDFTEX\ user to bother about the
-\type{\pdfmapfile} or \type{\pdfmapline} primitives, as the main \TEX\
-distributions provide nice helper tools that automatically assemble
-the default font map file. Prominent tool examples are the scripts
-\type{updmap} and \type{updmap-sys} coming with \TEXLIVE.
-If your map file isn't in the current directory (or a standard system
-directory), you will need to set the \type{TEXFONTMAPS} variable (in
-\WEBC) or give an explicit path so that it will be found.
-
-When the \type{\pdfmapfile} or \type{\pdfmapline} primitive is read
-by \PDFTEX, the argument (map file or map line) will be processed
-{\em immediately}, and the internal map entry database is updated.
-The operation mode of the \type{\pdfmapfile} and \type{\pdfmapline}
-primitives is selected by an optional modifier character (\type{+},
-\type{=}, \type{-}) in front of the {\em tfmname} field. This modifier
-defines how the individual map lines are going to be handled, and how
-a collision between an already registered map entry and a newer one is
-resolved; either ignoring a later entry, or replacing or deleting an
-existing entry. But in any case, map entries of fonts already in use
-are kept untouched. Here are two examples:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfmapfile{+myfont.map}
-\pdfmapline{+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb}
-\stoptyping
-
-When no modifier character is given (\eg\ \type{\pdfmapfile{foo.map}}
-or \type{\pdfmapline{phvr8r Helvetica}}) and there hasn't already been
-any call of one of these primitives before, then the default map file
-\filename{pdftex.map} will {\em not} be read in. Apart from this the
-given map file will be processed similarly as with a \type{+} modifier:
-duplicate later map entries within the file are ignored and a warning is
-issued. This means, that you can block reading of the default map file
-also by an empty \type{\pdfmapfile{}} or \type{\pdfmapline{}} early in
-the \TeX\ file. When the default map file is large but you don't need it
-anyway, these command variants might considerably speed up the \PDFTEX\
-startup process.
-
-If a modifier is given, the mechanism is so that before reading the
-items given as arguments to \type{\pdfmapfile} or \type{\pdfmapline}
-the default map file will be read first --- if this hasn't already
-been done or been prevented by the above blocking cases. This should
-be mostly compatible with the traditional behavior. If you want to add
-support for a new font through an additional font map file while keeping
-all the existing mappings, don't use the primitive versions without
-modifier, but instead type either \type{\pdfmapfile{+myfont.map}} or
-\type{\pdfmapfile{=myfont.map}}, as described below.
-
-\type{\pdfmapfile {+foo.map}} reads the file \filename{foo.map}; duplicate
-later map entries within the file are ignored and a warning is issued.
-
-\type{\pdfmapfile {=foo.map}} reads the file \filename{foo.map};
-matching map entries in the database are replaced by new entries from
-\filename{foo.map} (if they aren't already in use).
-
-\type{\pdfmapfile {-foo.map}} reads the file \filename{foo.map}; matching
-map entries are deleted from the database (if not yet in use).
-
-If you want to use a base map file name other than \type{pdftex.map},
-or change its processing options through a \PDFTEX\ format, you can do
-this by appending the \type{\pdfmapfile} command to the \type{\everyjob{}}
-token list for the \type{-ini} run, \eg:
-
-\starttyping
-\everyjob\expandafter{\the\everyjob\pdfmapfile{+myspecial.map}}
-\dump
-\stoptyping
-
-This would always read the file \type{myspecial.map} after the default
-\type{pdftex.map} file.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmapline} \Something{map spec}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmapline}}
-
-Similar to \type{\pdfmapfile}, but here you can give a single
-map line (like the ones in map files) as an argument. The optional modifiers
-(\type{+-=}) have the same effect as with \type{\pdfmapfile}; see also
-the description above. Example:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfmapline{+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb}
-\stoptyping
-
-This primitive (especially the \type{\pdfmapline{=...}} variant) is useful
-for temporary quick checks of a new font map entry during development,
-before finally putting it into a map file.
-
-\type{\pdfmapline {}} like \type{\pdfmapfile {}} blocks reading
-of the default map file, if it comes early enough in the \TeX\
-input. \introduced{1.20a}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsuppresswarningdupmap} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsuppresswarningdupmap}}
-
-Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when a duplicate map entry for a
-given font is read, whatever the mechanism. However, sometimes it is
-useful to include map information within the document, using
-\type{\pdfmapfile} or \type{\pdfmapline}, even for fonts that happen to
-be installed on the system. Then seeing the warnings on every run is
-just noise, and can be suppressed by setting this parameter to a
-positive number. \introduced{1.40.13}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftracingfonts} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftracingfonts}}
-
-This integer parameter specifies the level of verbosity for info about
-expanded fonts given in the log, \eg\ when \type{\tracingoutput=1}.
-If \type{\pdftracingfonts=0}, which is the default, the log shows the
-actual non-zero signed expansion value for each expanded letter within
-brackets, \eg:
-
-\starttyping
-...\xivtt (+20) t
-\stoptyping
-
-If \type{\pdftracingfonts=1}, also the name of the \TFM\ file is listed,
-together with the font size, \eg:
-
-\starttyping
-...\xivtt (cmtt10+20@14.0pt) t
-\stoptyping
-
-Setting \type{\pdftracingfonts} to a value other than~0 or~1 is not
-recommended, to allow future extensions. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmovechars} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmovechars}}
-
-Since \PDFTEX\ version 1.30.0 the primitive \type{\pdfmovechars} is obsolete,
-and its use merely leads to a warning. (This primitive specified whether
-\PDFTEX\ should try to move characters in range 0..31 to higher slots;
-its sole purpose was to remedy certain bugs of early \PDF\ viewers.)
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpkmode} \Whatever{tokens}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpkmode}}
-
-The \type{\pdfpkmode} is a token register that sets the \METAFONT\ mode for
-pixel font generation. The contents of this register is dumped into the
-format, so one can (optionally) preset it \eg\ in \type{pdftexconfig.tex}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfnoligatures} \Something{font}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfnoligatures}}
-
-This disables all ligatures in the loaded font \Something{font}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\tagcode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{tagcode}}
-
-This primitive accesses a character's \type{char_tag} info. It is meant
-to delete \type{lig_tag} (the character's ligature/kerning program),
-\type{list_tag} (which indicates that the character belongs to a chain of
-ascending sizes) and/or \type{ext_tag} (which indicates that the character
-is extensible), with the following options: assigning \type{-7} or smaller
-clears all tags, \type{-6} clears \type{ext_tag} and \type{list_tag},
-\type{-5} clears \type{ext_tag} and \type{lig_tag}, \type{-4} clears
-\type{ext_tag}, \type{-3} clears \type{list_tag} and \type{lig_tag},
-\type{-2} clears \type{list_tag}, \type{-1} clears \type{lig_tag},
-and \type{0} or larger does nothing. Changes are irreversible and global.
-
-Conversely, when queried, the primitive returns \type{0} if the tag's
-value is \type{no_tag}, \type{1} if \type{lig_tag} is set, \type{2} if
-\type{list_tag} is set or \type{4} (not~3) if \type{ext_tag} is set.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfgentounicode} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfgentounicode}}
-
-By default, \PDFTEX\ does not include a \type{/ToUnicode} resource when
-including fonts in the output. Such a resource (also called a CMap
-resource) maps glyph names to Unicode characters in a \PDF\ file.
-Lacking such a resource, it is the \PDF\ reader which determines how and
-whether searching in the \PDF\ file works. In practice, searching for
-basic \ASCII\ characters generally works, but searching for anything
-beyond those, including ligatures such as `fi', fails in some versions
-of some \PDF\ browsers (most notably Adobe Reader).
-
-If \type{\pdfgentounicode} is set to \type{1} when the job ends, the
-\type{/ToUnicode} resource will be included in the output, with mappings
-for Type~1 fonts used in the documents. The mapping is created as
-follows: for each glyph in the font, look for its \type{ToUnicode} value
-in a global hash table. By default that global hash table is empty, in
-which case \PDFTEX\ merely emits a warning. Entries are added to the
-table using the following command:
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfglyphtounicode} \Something{general text}
- \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfglyphtounicode}}
-
-The first argument is the name of a glyph, the second is a string of Unicode
-numeric values denoting characters, separated by spaces. For instance:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfgentounicode=1
-\pdfglyphtounicode{ff}{0066 0066}
-\stoptyping
-
-\noindent maps the \type{ff} ligature to a pair of \type{f}'s (whose
-code is \type{U+0066}).
-
-Once a single \type{\pdfglyphtounicode} definition is made, whether it
-is used or not, another feature comes into play: glyph names of the form
-\type{uniXXXX} or \type{uXXXX} are mapped to the natural \type{U+XXXX}.
-Many fonts use this style of naming.
-
-In addition, the \type{glyphtounicode.tex} file (distributed with
-\PDFTEX\ and other software) contains thousands of such definitions,
-covering most common glyph names. So, for practical purposes, one would
-probably want:
-
-\starttyping
-\input glyphtounicode
-\pdfgentounicode=1
-\stoptyping
-
-\LATEX\ users could load the \type{cmap} package to achieve the same
-effect.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfnobuiltintounicode} \Something{font}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfnobuiltintounicode}}
-
-The primary purpose of this command is to prevent \PDFTEX\ from
-generating the \type{ToUnicode}/CMap resource for the given font when
-\type{\pdfgentounicode=1}, most likely because the CMap resource is
-already generated by some other method (for example, the \LATEX\
-\type{cmap} package uses \type{\pdffontattr} to generate a CMap
-resource).
-
-Minimal example:
-\starttyping
-\font\f=cmb10
-\pdfnobuiltintounicode\f
-\f No unicode mappings for this output.
-\stoptyping
-\introduced{1.40.11}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinterwordspaceon}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinterwordspaceon}}
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinterwordspaceoff}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinterwordspaceoff}}
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfspacefont} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfspacefont}}
-
-The first two commands insert corresponding whatsit nodes which turn
-on/off generation of faked interword spaces in the \PDF\ output (they
-cause errors in \DVI\ output). This allows for better reflowing of text
-on the fly by \PDF\ readers, better extraction of textual content, and
-is required by \PDF/A. It does not affect the normal \TeX\ justification
-with glue of the typeset output.
-
-This works roughly as follows: with \type{\pdfinterwordspaceon},
-\PDFTEX\ will guess when an interword space should be inserted, based on
-movement within some limits in horizontal direction. When found,
-\PDFTEX\ inserts a true space character into the \PDF\ page description
-for the viewers, and adjusts the next movement so that the next
-character will be in the expected position, according to normal \TEX\
-behavior.
-
-Where does that \quotation{true space character} come from?
-There are two possibilities.
-
-\startitemize
-\item If the current font has a real space character, it is used.
-\PDFTEX\ considers a font to have such a space character if 1)~the font
-has an encoding vector (\type{.enc} file) specified in its map entry,
-and 2)~the encoding has a glyph named \type{space} (that is, the
-PostScript name \type{/space}) at slot 32. For example, the font
-\type{texnansi-lmr10} uses the encoding file \type{lm-texnansi.enc},
-which has such an entry.
-
-\item
-If the current font does not have such a space character (this is the
-case for most traditional \TEX\ fonts, such as \type{cmr10} and
-\type{ec-lmr10}), \PDFTEX\ will use the space character from a special
-fallback font named (by default) \type{pdftexspace}[\type{.tfm}].
-\PDFTEX\ automatically defines a map entry for this font which looks as
-follows:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfmapline{=pdftexspace PdfTeX-Space <pdftexspace.pfb}
-\stoptyping
-
-The \type{pdftexspace.tfm} and \type{pdftexspace.pfb} files are expected
-to be available to \PDFTEX\ just like any other font. (They are
-distributed with \PDFTEX.) The \type{pdftexspace} font was constructed
-by hand; it has a space character that is .333em (and no other
-characters).
-
-It is possible to use a different fallback font for the space character
-by specifying \type{\pdfspacefont}\Lbrace \Something{somefont}\Rbrace.
-(This is most likely to be useful for testing or debugging.) In this
-case, \PDFTEX\ assumes that the given font has a real space character at
-slot 32, and that any necessary corresponding map entry exists. For
-example:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfspacefont{texnansi-lmr10} % use space char from this font if
- % current font has no space char
-\stoptyping
-\stopitemize
-
-History: Before \PDFTEX\ version 1.40.25, no check was made for a
-\type{space} character in the current font, the fallback font was named
-\type{dummy-space}, and its space character was tiny, 0.001em. It turned
-out that \PDF\ viewers were unhappy with this tiny space, especially
-with tagged \PDF.
-
-Example of usage (see also the \type{fake-interword-space.tex} test file):
-
-\starttyping
-Text with no interword spaces.
-
-\pdfglyphtounicode{space}{0020}
-\pdfinterwordspaceon
-
-Switch to text with faked interword spaces.
-
-\pdfinterwordspaceoff
-
-Back to text with no interword spaces.
-\stoptyping
-\introducedplural{1.40.15, 1.40.25}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffakespace}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffakespace}}
-
-Insert a faked interword space to the output, regardless of the value of
-\type{\pdfinterwordspaceon} and \type{\pdfinterwordspaceoff}. Example:
-
-\starttyping
-Text with no interword \pdffakespace\pdffakespace spaces.
-\stoptyping
-\introduced{1.40.15}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Spacing}
-
-Controlling spacing before and after characters was introduced in
-version 1.30, mostly to handle punctuation rules in different
-languages. The \type{\...code} tables here, like those in the previous
-section, operate globally, i.e., ignore \TeX's usual grouping, and apply
-only to the given \Something{font}, not other instances of the
-underlying font.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfadjustinterwordglue} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfadjustinterwordglue}}
-
-If positive, adjustment of interword glue is enabled and controlled by the
-following three primitives.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\knbscode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{knbscode}}
-
-The amount of space, in thousandths of an em, added to the natural width
-of the glue following a character (the name stands for ``kern before
-space'', although technically it is looking at glue items, not kern
-items). This amounts is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$. For
-instance, the following example means that glues after periods will be
-increased by .2\,em.
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfadjustinterwordglue=1
-\knsbcode\font`\.=200
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\stbscode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{stbscode}}
-
-This works like \type{\knbscode}, but applies to the stretch component of
-the following glue.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\shbscode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{shbscode}}
-
-Like \type{\stbscode}, but for the shrink component.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfprependkern} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfprependkern}}
-
-If positive, automatic insertion of kerns before characters is enabled.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\knbccode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{knbccode}}
-
-The width of the kern, in thousandths of an em, inserted before a character.
-It is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$. For instance, with the
-following code, a .15\,em-kern will be inserted before all question marks
-(useful for \eg\ French punctuation):
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfprependkern=1
-\knbccode\font`\?=150
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfappendkern} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfappendkern}}
-
-Same as \type{\pdfprependkern}, but for kerns inserted after characters.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\knaccode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{knaccode}}
-
-Same as \type{\knbccode}, except the kern is inserted after the
-character. Such a kern is required for instance after a left guillemet
-in French punctuation.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Vertical adjustments}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfignoreddimen} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfignoreddimen}}
-
-This is the dimension which must assigned to the following four primitives
-so they are ignored. Default is \type{-1000pt}, and it should be modified
-with care since it also influences when a previous paragraph's depth is ignored
-(for instance, the plain \TEX\ macro \type{\nointerlineskip} should be
-modified accordingly).
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffirstlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffirstlineheight}}
-
-This parameter specifies the height of the first line of a paragraph,
-regardless of its content. It is read when the paragraph builder is
-called, and ignored when set to \type{\pdfignoreddimen}. By default,
-it is set to \type{-1000pt}, so it is ignored as long as the value
-of \type{\pdfignoreddimen} is the same.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastlinedepth}}
-
-This is similar to the previous parameter, but affects the last line's
-depth of a paragraph.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfeachlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfeachlineheight}}
-
-Similar to \type{\pdffirstlineheight}, but for all lines of a paragraph,
-including the first one, unless \type{\pdffirstlineheight} is specified.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfeachlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfeachlinedepth}}
-
-Like the preceding parameter, but for depth.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{\PDF\ objects}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfobj} \Something{object type spec}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfobj}}
-
-This command creates a raw \PDF\ object that is written to the \PDF\
-file as \type{1 0 obj} \unknown\ \type{endobj}. The object is written to
-\PDF\ output as provided by the user. When \Something{object type spec}
-is not given, \PDFTEX\ no longer creates a dictionary object with
-contents \Something{general text}, as it did in the past.
-
-When, however, \Something{object type spec} is given as \Something{attr
-spec} \Literal{stream}, the object will be created as a stream with
-contents \Something{general text} and additional attributes in
-\Something{attr spec}\unkern.
-
-When \Something{object type spec} is given as \Something{attr spec}
-\Literal{file}, then the \Something{general text} will be treated as a file
-name and its contents will be copied into the stream contents.
-
-When \Something{object type spec} is given as \type{reserveobjnum},
-just a new object number is reserved. The number of the reserved object
-is accessible via \type{\pdflastobj}. The object can later be filled
-with contents by \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfobj} \Literal{useobjnum}
-\Something{number} \Lbrace\Something{balanced text}\Rbrace}.
-But the reserved object number can already be used before by other
-objects, which provides a forward||referencing mechanism.
-
-The object is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\ output only
-when its number is referred to by \type{\pdfrefobj} or when \type{\pdfobj}
-is preceded by \type{\immediate}. Nothing is appended to the list being
-built. The number of the most recently created object is accessible via
-\type{\pdflastobj}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastobj} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastobj}}
-
-This command returns the object number of the last object created by \type
-{\pdfobj}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrefobj} \Something{object number}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrefobj}}
-
-This command appends a whatsit node to the list being built. When the whatsit
-node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will write the object
-\Something{object number}
-to the \PDF\ output if it has not been written yet.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfretval} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfretval}}
-
-Set to $-1$ if \type{\pdfobj} ignores an invalid object number. Perhaps
-this will be used to store the error status of other primitives in the
-future.
-
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Page and pages objects}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpagesattr} \Whatever{tokens}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpagesattr}}
-
-\PDFTEX\ expands this token list when it finishes the \PDF\ output and
-adds the resulting character stream to the root \type{Pages}
-object. When defined, these are applied to all pages in the
-document. Some examples of attributes are \type{/CropBox}, the rectangle
-specifying the region of the page being displayed and printed, and
-\type{/Rotate}, the number of degrees (in multiples of 90) the page
-should be rotated clockwise when it is displayed or printed.
-
-% /MediaBox is not a good example, since will never take effect
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfpagesattr
- { /Rotate 90 % rotate all pages by 90 degrees
- /CropBox [0 0 612 792] } % the crop size of all pages (in bp)
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpageattr} \Whatever{tokens}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpageattr}}
-
-This is similar to \type{\pdfpagesattr}, but has priority over it.
-It can be used to override any attribute given by \type{\pdfpagesattr}
-for an individual page. The token list is expanded when \PDFTEX\ ships out
-a page. The contents are added to the attributes of the current page.
-
-If the \type{\pdfpageattr} value contains the string \type{/MediaBox},
-then \PDFTEX\ omits outputting its own \type{/MediaBox} value (which is
-\type{[0 0 }\Something{\it page\_width} \Something{\it
-page\_height}\type{]}). (This behavior was introduced in version
-1.40.18.)
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpageresources} \Whatever{tokens}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpageresources}}
-
-These tokens are added to the resource dictionary for all pages, before
-the font, XOBject, and ProcSet resources.
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfpageresources{/MyPageResourceAttribute /MyValue}
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpageref} \Something{page number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpageref}}
-
-This primitive expands to the number of the page object that contains
-the dictionary for page \Something{page number}. If the page
-\Something{page number} does not exist, a warning will be issued,
-a fresh unused \PDF\ object will be generated, and \type{\pdfpageref}
-will expand to that object number.
-
-\Eg, if the dictionary for page~5 of the \TEX\ document is contained in
-\PDF\ object no.~18, \tex{pdfpageref5} expands to the number 18.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfomitprocset} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfomitprocset}}
-
-If this primitive parameter is zero (the default), the \type{/ProcSet}
-array is included if \type{\pdfmajorversion} is~1, and omitted if
-\type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,\ge\,2$. If this parameter is $>0$,
-\type{/ProcSet} is always omitted. And if it is $<0$, \type{/ProcSet} is
-always included. For information about what \type{/ProcSet} is, see the
-\PDFReference\ or other documentation.
-
-\type{\ProcSet} was considered obsolete as of \PDF~1.4, but conforming
-writers should continue to output it. It was formally deprecated in
-\PDF~2.0.\introduced{1.40.25}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Form XObjects}
-
-The next three primitives support a \PDF\ feature called \quote {object
-reuse} in \PDFTEX. The idea is first to create a `form XObject' in
-\PDF. The content of this object corresponds to the content of a \TEX\
-box; it can contain pictures and references to other form XObjects
-as well. After creation, the form XObject can be used multiple times
-by simply referring to its object number. This feature can be useful
-for large documents with many similar elements, as it can reduce the
-duplication of identical objects.
-
-These commands behave similarly to \type{\pdfobj}, \type{\pdfrefobj}
-and \type{\pdflastobj}, but instead of taking raw \PDF\ code, they handle
-text typeset by \TEX.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfxform} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{resources spec}} \Something{box number}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfxform}}
-
-This command creates a form XObject corresponding to the contents of the
-box \Something{box number}. The box can contain other raw objects, form
-XObjects, or images as well. It can however {\em not} contain annotations
-because they are laid out on a separate layer, are positioned absolutely,
-and have dedicated housekeeping. \type{\pdfxform} makes the box void,
-as \type{\box} does.
-
-When \Something{attr spec} is given, the text will be written
-as additional attribute into the form XObject dictionary. The
-\Something{resources spec} is similar, but the text will be added
-to the resources dictionary of the form XObject. The text given by
-\Something{attr spec} or \Something{resources spec} is written before
-other entries of the form dictionary and|/|or the resources dictionary
-and takes priority over later ones.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrefxform} \Something{object number}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrefxform}}
-
-The form XObject is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\
-output only when its object number is referred to by \type{\pdfrefxform}
-or when \type{\pdfxform} is preceded by \type{\immediate}. Nothing is
-appended to the list being built. The number of the most recently created
-form XObject is accessible via \type{\pdflastxform}.
-
-When issued, \type{\pdfrefxform} appends a whatsit node to the list being
-built. When the whatsit node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will
-write the form \Something{object number} to the \PDF\ output if it is
-not written yet.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastxform} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastxform}}
-
-The object number of the most recently created form XObject is accessible
-via \type{\pdflastxform}.
-
-As said, this feature can be used for reusing information. This mechanism
-also plays a role in typesetting fill||in forms. Such widgets sometimes
-depends on visuals that show up on user request, but are hidden otherwise.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfxformname} \Something{object number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfxformname}}
-
-In \PDF\ files produced by \PDFTEX\ one can recognize a form Xobject by
-the prefix~\type{/Fm} followed by a number, for instance \type{/Fm2}.
-For a given form XObject number, this primitive expands to the number in
-the corresponding form XObject name. \Eg, if \type{/Fm2} corresponds to
-some form XObject with object number 7, the \type{\pdfxformname7}
-expands to the number~\type{2}. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Graphics inclusion}
-
-\PDF\ provides a mechanism for embedding graphic and textual objects: form
-XObjects. In \PDFTEX\ this mechanism is accessed by means of \type{\pdfxform},
-\type{\pdflastxform} and \type{\pdfrefxform}. A special kind of XObjects
-are bitmap graphics and for manipulating them similar commands are provided.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfximage}
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{page spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}}
- \Something{general text}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}
-}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfximage}}
-
-This command creates an image object. The dimensions of the image can be
-controlled via \Something{rule spec}\unkern. The default values are zero
-for depth and \quote {running} for height and width. If all of them are
-given, the image will be scaled to fit the specified values. If some
-(but not all) are given, the rest will be set to a value corresponding
-to the remaining ones so as to make the image size to yield the same
-proportion of $width : (height+depth)$ as the original image size, where
-depth is treated as zero. If none are given then the image will take its
-natural size.
-
-An image inserted at its natural size often has a resolution of \type
-{\pdfimageresolution} (see below) given in dots per inch in the output
-file, but some images may contain data specifying the image resolution,
-and in such a case the image will be scaled to the correct
-resolution. The dimensions of an image can be accessed by enclosing the
-\type{\pdfrefximage} command to a box and checking the dimensions of the
-box:
-
-\starttyping
-\setbox0=\hbox{\pdfximage{somefile.png}\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage}
-\stoptyping
-
-Now we can use \type{\wd0} and \type{\ht0} to question the natural size of
-the image as determined by \PDFTEX. When dimensions are specified before the
-\type{{somefile.png}}, the graphic is scaled to fit these. Note that, unlike
-\eg\ the original \type{\input} primitive, the filename is supplied between
-braces.
-
-The image type is specified by the extension of the given file name:
-\type{.png} stands for \PNG\ image, \type{.jpg} (or \type{.jpeg}) for
-\JPEG, \type{.jbig2} (preferred, but \type{.jb2} works also) for \JBIGTWO,
-and \type{.pdf} for \PDF\ file. But once \PDFTEX\ has opened the file,
-it checks the file type first by looking to the magic number at the
-file start, which gets precedence over the file name extension. This
-gives a certain degree of fault tolerance, if the file name extension
-is stated wrongly.
-
-Similarly to \type{\pdfxform}, the optional text given by \Something{attr
-spec} will be written as additional attributes of the image before
-other keys of the image dictionary. One should be aware, that slightly
-different type of \PDF\ object is created while including \PNG, \JPEG,
-or \JBIG2\ bitmaps and \PDF\ images.
-
-While working with \PDF\ or \JBIG2\ images, \Something{page spec}
-allows to decide which page of the document is to be included;
-the \Something{page spec} is irrelevant for the other two image
-formats. Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.11 one may also decide in the \PDF\
-image case, which page box of the image is to be treated as a final
-bounding box. If \Something{pdf box spec} is present, it overrides the
-default behavior specified by the \type{\pdfpagebox} parameter, and is
-overridden by the (obsolete) \type{\pdfforcepagebox} parameter. This
-option is irrelevant for non||\PDF\ inclusions.
-
-Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.21, \type{\pdfximage} command supports
-\type{colorspace} keyword followed by an object number (user||defined
-colorspace for the image being included). This feature works for \JPEG\
-images only. \PNG s are \RGB\ palettes, \JBIG2 s are bitonal, and \PDF\
-images have always self||contained color space information.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrefximage} \Something{object number}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrefximage}}
-
-The image is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\ output only when
-its number is referred to by \type{\pdfrefximage} or \type{\pdfximage} is
-preceded by \type{\immediate}. Nothing is appended to the list being built.
-
-\type{\pdfrefximage} appends a whatsit node to the list being built. When
-the whatsit node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will write the image
-with number \Something{object number} to the \PDF\ output if it has not been
-written yet.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastximage} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastximage}}
-
-The number of the most recently created XObject image is accessible via \type
-{\pdflastximage}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfximagebbox} \Something{integer}
- \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfximagebbox}}
-
-The dimensions of the bounding box of a \PDF\ image loaded with
-\type{\pdfximage} are stored in a table. This primitive returns those
-dimensions as follows:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfximage{afile.pdf}
-\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 1 % Returns lower-left x
-\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 2 % Returns lower-left y
-\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 3 % Returns upper-right x
-\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 4 % Returns upper-right y
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastximagecolordepth}
- \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastximagecolordepth}}
-
-The color depth (\type{1} for 1-bit images, \type{2} for 2-bit images,
-and so on) of the last image accessed with \type{\pdfximage}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastximagepages}
- \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastximagepages}}
-
-This read||only register returns the highest page number from a file
-previously accessed via the \type{\pdfximage} command.
-This is useful only for \PDF\ files; it always returns \type{1}
-for \PNG, \JPEG, or \JBIGTWO\ files.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfimageresolution} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfimageresolution}}
-
-The integer \type{\pdfimageresolution} parameter (unit: dots per
-inch, dpi) is a last resort value, used only for bitmap (\JPEG, \PNG,
-\JBIGTWO) images, but not for \PDF{}s. The priorities are as follows:
-Often one image dimension (\type{width} or \type{height}) is stated
-explicitly in the \TEX\ file. Then the image is properly scaled so
-that the aspect ratio is kept. If both image dimensions are given,
-the image will be stretched accordingly, whereby the aspect ratio might
-get distorted. Only if no image dimension is given in the \TEX\ file,
-the image size will be calculated from its width and height in pixels,
-using the $x$ and $y$ resolution values normally contained in the image
-file. If one of these resolution values is missing or weird (either
-$<$~0 or $>$~65535), the \type{\pdfimageresolution} value will be used
-for both $x$ and $y$ resolution, when calculating the image size. And
-if the \type{\pdfimageresolution} is zero, finally a default resolution
-of 72\,dpi would be taken. The \type{\pdfimageresolution} is read when
-\PDFTEX\ creates an image via \type{\pdfximage}. The given value is
-clipped to the range $0..65535$\,(dpi).
-
-Currently this parameter is used particularly for calculating the
-dimensions of \JPEG\ images in \EXIF\ format (unless at least one
-dimension is stated explicitly); the resolution values coming with
-\EXIF\ files are currently ignored.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpagebox} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpagebox}}
-
-When \PDF\ files are included, the command \type{\pdfximage} allows the
-selection of which \PDF\ page box to use in the optional field
-\Something{image attr spec}\unkern. If the option isn't present, the
-page box defaults to the value of \type{\pdfpagebox} as follows:
-(1)~media box, (2)~crop box, (3)~bleed box, (4)~trim box, and
-(5)~artbox.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfforcepagebox} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfforcepagebox}}
-
-%- It is now possible to specify the pdf page box to use when including pdfs.
-% The syntax has been extended:
-% \pdfximage [<image attr spec>] <general text> (h, v, m)
-% <image attr spec> --> [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] [<page spec>] [<pdf box spec>]
-% <pdf box spec> --> mediabox|cropbox|bleedbox|trimbox|artbox
-% The default is cropbox (which defaults to mediabox), to be compatible with
-% previous versions of pdfTeX.
-% The page box specified at \pdfximage can be globally overridden with the
-% config parameter always_use_pdfpagebox and the command
-% \pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox <integer>, where 0 is the default (use
-% whatever is specified with \pdfximage), 1 is media, 2 is crop, 3 is
-% bleed, 4 is trim and 5 is artbox. This can only be set once per
-% object, i.\,e.\ the value used at \pdfximage is remembered.
-% See the PDF Reference for an explanation of the boxes.
-
-The integer primitive \type{\pdfforcepagebox} allows globally
-overriding the choice of the page box used with \type{\pdfximage}. It
-takes the same values as \type{\pdfpagebox}. The command is available
-starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0, as a shortened synonym of obsolete
-\type{\pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox} instruction, but is itself
-now considered obsolete --- a mixture of \type{\pdfpagebox} and
-\Something{image attr spec} is better.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinclusionerrorlevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinclusionerrorlevel}}
-
-This controls the behavior of \PDFTEX\ when a \PDF\ file is included
-which has a newer \PDF\ version than the one specified by
-\type{\pdfmajorversion} and \type{\pdfminorversion}. If
-\type{\pdfinclusionerrorlevel} is set to~0 (the default), \PDFTEX\ gives
-only a warning; if 1, \PDFTEX\ raises an error; if negative, no
-diagnostic at all is given.
-
-It was originally a shortened synonym of
-\type{\pdfoptionpdfinclusionerrorlevel}, which is now obsolete.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfimagehicolor} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfimagehicolor}}
-
-This parameter, when set to~1, enables embedding of \PNG\ images with
-16~bit wide color channels at their full color resolution. This
-embedding mode is defined only from \PDF\ version~1.5 onwards, so the
-\type{\pdfimagehicolor} functionality is automatically disabled in
-\PDFTEX\ if \type{\pdfminorversion}$\,<\,$5 and
-\type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,=\,$1; in this case, each 16~bit color channel
-is reduced to a width of 8~bits by stripping the lower 8~bits before
-embedding. The same stripping happens when \type{\pdfimagehicolor} is
-set to~0. If \type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,=\,$1 and
-\type{\pdfminorversion}$\,\ge\,$5, or \type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,\ge\,$2,
-the default value of \type{\pdfimagehicolor} is~1. If specified, the
-parameter must appear before any data is written to the \PDF\ output.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfimageapplygamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfimageapplygamma}}
-
-This primitive, when set to~1, enables gamma correction while embedding
-\PNG\ images, taking the value of the primitive \type{\pdfgamma} as
-well as the gamma value embedded in the \PNG\ image into account. When
-\type{\pdfimageapplygamma} is set to~0, no gamma correction is
-performed. If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is
-written to the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfgamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfgamma}}
-
-This primitive defines the `device gamma' for \PDFTEX. Values are in
-promilles (same as \type{\mag}). The default value of this primitive
-is~1000, defining a device gamma value of~1.0.
-
-If \type{\pdfimageapplygamma} is set to~1, then whenever a \PNG\ image
-is included, \PDFTEX\ applies a gamma correction. This correction is
-based on the value of the \type{\pdfgamma} primitive and the `assumed
-device gamma' that is derived from the value embedded in the actual
-image. If no embedded value can be found in the \PNG\ image, then the
-value of \type{\pdfimagegamma} is used instead.
-If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to the
-\PDF\ output.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfimagegamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfimagegamma}}
-
-This primitive gives a default `assumed gamma' value for \PNG\ images.
-Values are in promilles (same as for \type{\pdfamma}). The default value
-of this primitive is~2200, implying an assumed gamma value of~2.2.
-
-When \PDFTEX\ is applying gamma corrections, images that do not have an
-embedded `assumed gamma' value are assumed to have been created for
-a device with a gamma of 2.2. Experiments show that this default setting
-is correct for a large number of images; however, if your images come
-out too dark, you probably want to set \type{\pdfimagegamma} to a lower
-value, like~1000.
-If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to the
-\PDF\ output.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpxdimen} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpxdimen}}
-
-While working with bitmap graphics or typesetting electronic documents,
-it might be convenient to base dimensions on pixels rather than \TeX's
-standard units like \type{pt} or \type{em}. For this purpose, \PDFTEX\
-provides an extra unit called \type{px} that takes the dimension given to
-the \type{\pdfpxdimen} primitive. In example, to make the unit \type{px}
-corresponding to 96\,dpi pixel density (then 1\,px~=~72/96\,bp), one
-can do the following calculation:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfpxdimen=1in % 1 dpi
-\divide\pdfpxdimen by 96 % 96 dpi
-\hsize=1200px
-\stoptyping
-
-Then \type{\hsize} amounts to 1200~pixels in 96\,dpi, which is
-exactly 903.375\,pt (but \TeX\ rounds it to 903.36914\,pt). The
-default value of \type{\pdfpxdimen} is 1\,bp, corresponding to a pixel
-density of 72\,dpi. This primitive is completely independent from the
-\type{\pdfimageresolution} and \type{\pdfpkresolution} parameters.
-\introduced{1.30.0} It used to be an integer register that gave
-the dimension 1\,px as number of scaled points, defaulting to 65536
-(1\,px equal to 65536\,sp~$=$~1\,pt). Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0,
-\type{\pdfpxdimen} is now a real dimension parameter.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinclusioncopyfonts} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinclusioncopyfonts}}
-
-If positive, this parameter forces \PDFTEX\ to include fonts from a \PDF\
-file loaded with \type{\pdfximage}, even if those fonts are available on
-disk. Bigger files might be created, but included \PDF\ files are sure to
-be embedded with the adequate fonts; indeed, the fonts on disk might be
-different from the embedded ones, and glyphs might be missing.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup}
- \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup}}
-
-Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when more than one included \PDF\
-file has a so-called ``page group object'' (\type{/Group}), because only
-one can ``win'' --- that is, be propagated to the page level. Usually
-the page groups are identical, but when they are not, the result is
-unpredictable. It would be ideal if \PDFTEX\ in fact detected whether
-the page groups were the same and only gave the warning in the
-problematic case; unfortunately, this is not easy (a patch would be
-welcome). Nevertheless, often one observes that there is no actual
-problem. Then seeing the warnings on every run is just noise, and can
-be suppressed by setting this parameter to a positive number.
-\introduced{1.40.15}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Annotations}
-
-\PDF\ 1.4 provides four basic kinds of annotations:
-
-\startitemize[packed]
-\item hyperlinks, general navigation
-\item text clips (notes)
-\item movies
-\item sound fragments
-\stopitemize
-
-The first type differs from the other three in that there is a designated
-area involved on which one can click, or when moved over some action occurs.
-\PDFTEX\ is able to calculate this area, as we will see later. All
-annotations can be supported using the next two general annotation
-primitives.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfannot} \Something{annot type spec}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfannot}}
-
-This command appends a whatsit node corresponding to an annotation to
-the list being built. The dimensions of the annotation can be controlled
-via the \Something{rule spec}. The default values are running for all
-width, height and depth. When an annotation is written out, running
-dimensions will take the corresponding values from the box containing
-the whatsit node representing the annotation. The \Something{general
-text} is inserted as raw \PDF\ code to the contents of annotation. The
-annotation is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is
-searched at shipout time.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastannot} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastannot}}
-
-This primitive returns the object number of the last annotation created by
-\type{\pdfannot}. These two primitives allow users to create any annotation
-that cannot be created by \type{\pdfstartlink} (see below).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection[linking]{Destinations and links}
-
-The first type of annotation, mentioned above, is implemented by three
-primitives. The first one is used to define a specific location as being
-referred to. This location is tied to the page, not the exact location on the
-page. The main reason for this is that \PDF\ maintains a dedicated list of
-these annotations |<|and some more when optimized|>| for the sole purpose of
-speed.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfdest} \Something{dest spec}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfdest}}
-
-This primitive appends a whatsit node which establishes a destination
-for links and bookmark outlines; the link is identified by either
-a number or a symbolic name, and the way the viewer is to display the
-page must be specified in \Something{dest type}\unkern, which must be
-one of those mentioned in \in{table}[appearance]. If \Literal{struct}
-\Something{number} is used, a structure destination is created instead of a
-regular destination, referring to the structure element defined in object
-\Something{number}. Structure destinations use a separate namespace and
-therefore may have the same identifiers as a regular destination.
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf keyword \NC \bf meaning \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC \tt fit \NC fit the page in the window \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fith \NC fit the width of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fitv \NC fit the height of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fitb \NC fit the \quote{Bounding Box} of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fitbh \NC fit the width of \quote{Bounding Box} of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fitbv \NC fit the height of \quote{Bounding Box} of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt xyz \NC goto the current position (see below) \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable
- [here][appearance]
- {Options for display of outline and destinations.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-The specification \Literal{xyz} can optionally be followed by \Literal
-{zoom} \Something{integer} to provide a fixed zoom||in. The \Something
-{integer} is processed like \TEX\ magnification, i.\,e.\ 1000 is the
-normal page view. When \Literal{zoom} \Something{integer} is given,
-the zoom factor changes to 0.001 of the \Something{integer} value,
-otherwise the current zoom factor is kept unchanged.
-
-The destination is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is
-searched at shipout time.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfstartlink}
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Something{action spec}
- \Modelist{h, m}
-}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfstartlink}}
-
-This primitive is used along with \type{\pdfendlink} and appends
-a whatsit node corresponding to the start of a hyperlink. The whatsit
-node representing the end of the hyperlink is created by
-\type{\pdfendlink}. The dimensions of the link are handled in the
-similar way as in \type{\pdfannot}. Both \type{\pdfstartlink} and
-\type{\pdfendlink} must be in the same level of box nesting. A hyperlink
-with running width can be multi||line or even multi||page, in which case
-all horizontal boxes with the same nesting level as the boxes containing
-\type{\pdfstartlink} and \type{\pdfendlink} will be treated as part of
-the hyperlink. The hyperlink is written out only if the corresponding
-whatsit node is searched at shipout time.
-
-Additional attributes, which are explained in great detail in the
-\PDFReference, can be given via \Something{attr spec}\unkern. Typically,
-the attributes specify the color and thickness of any border around
-the link. Thus \typ {/C [0.9 0 0] /Border [0 0 2]} specifies a color
-(in \RGB) of dark red, and a border thickness of 2~points.
-
-While all graphics and text in a \PDF\ document have relative positions,
-annotations have internally hard||coded absolute positions. Again this
-is for the sake of speed optimization. The main disadvantage is that these
-annotations do {\em not} obey transformations issued by \type
-{\pdfliteral}s.
-
-The \Something{action spec} specifies the action that should be
-performed when the hyperlink is activated, one of (see the syntax
-rules) \Literal{user} \Something{user-action spec},
-\Literal{goto} \Something{goto-action spec},
-\Literal{thread} \Something{thread-action spec}.
-
-\startitemize
-
-\item A \Something{user-action spec} (\type{user {...}}) performs a
-user||defined action. Examples: a \URL, like
-\typ {/S /URI /URI (https://tug.org/)};
-or a named action, like \typ {/S /Named /N /NextPage}.
-
-\item A \Something{goto-action spec} (\type{goto ...}) performs various goto
-actions, and is by far the most complex action. Here is a copy of the
-syntax, for easier reference:
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{goto-action spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{numid}
- \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid}
- \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text}
- \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid} \Something{newwindow spec}
- \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text} \Something{newwindow spec}
-}
-
-\startitemize
-
-\item The \Something {numid} and \Something{nameid} alternatives specify a
-destination identifier.
-
-\item The \Something{page spec} alternative specifies a page number for the
-destination. In this case, the zoom factor is given by
-\Something{general text}\unkern.
-
-\item The default behavior of the \Something{newwindow
-spec} depends on the browser setting.
-
-\item A destination in another \PDF\ file can be specified with
-\Something{file spec}\unkern, in which case \Something{newwindow spec}
-specifies whether the file should be opened in a new window. A
-\Something{file spec} can be either a \type{(string)} or a
-\type{<<}\type{dictionary}\type{>>}.
-
-\item If a \Something{goto-action spec} contains a
-\Something{goto-action struct spec}, then a structure destination is
-referenced in addition to the regular destination. The form with
-\Something{general text} is used if and only if a \Something{file spec}
-is present; then the \Something{general text} should expand to a literal
-\PDF\ dictionary describing a structure destination. Otherwise, the
-\Something{numid} or \Something{nameid} directly after the
-\Literal{struct} keyword identify a destination which must have been
-created with \type{\pdfdest} \Literal{struct}\unskip.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-\item A \Something{thread-action spec} (\type{thread ...}) performs
-article thread reading. The thread identifier, \Something{numid} or
-\Something{nameid}, is similar to the destination identifier. A thread
-can be performed in another \PDF\ file by specifying a \Something{file
-spec}\unkern.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfendlink} \Modelist{h, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfendlink}}
-
-This primitive ends a link started with \type{\pdfstartlink}. All text
-between \type{\pdfstartlink} and \type{\pdfendlink} will be treated as part
-of this link. \PDFTEX\ may break the result across lines (or pages), in which
-case it will make several links with the same content.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastlink} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastlink}}
-
-This primitive returns the object number of the last link created by
-\type{\pdfstartlink} (analogous to \type{\pdflastannot}).
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflinkmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflinkmargin}}
-
-This dimension parameter specifies the margin of the box representing
-a hyperlink and is read when a page containing hyperlinks is shipped out.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfdestmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfdestmargin}}
-
-Margin added to the dimensions of the rectangle around the destinations.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsuppresswarningdupdest} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsuppresswarningdupdest}}
-
-Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when the same destination is used
-more than once. However, due to problematic macro packages, sometimes a
-document may end up producing the warning through no fault of its own,
-and fixing the macros may well not be trivial. Then seeing the warnings
-on every run is just noise, and can be suppressed by setting this
-parameter to a positive number. \introduced{1.40.13}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrunninglinkoff}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrunninglinkoff}}
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrunninglinkon}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrunninglinkon}}
-
-These commands create corresponding whatsit nodes which turn off/on
-generation of running links. Their typical usage is to turn off
-generation of running links in the header or footer of a page.
-Generation of running links is on when the shipout routine begins.
-
-The generation of running links works roughly like this: \PDFTEX\ keeps
-a stack of links created by \type{\pdfstartlink}, called
-\type{pdf_link_stack}. When writing out an hbox to \PDF, \PDFTEX\ checks
-if the nesting level of the box is the same as the nesting level of the
-top entry in \type{pdf_link_stack}; if yes that box would become a link,
-too.
-
-The whatsit nodes created by the above primitives turn off/on a flag
-which controls if a hbox being shipped can become a link, in addition to
-the previous condition.
-
-Thus, the commands must be inserted before the hbox in question. For example:
-
-\starttyping
-% (1) good:
-\hbox{\pdfrunninglinkoff
- \hbox{this is a line that would become a link otherwise}
-}
-
-% (2) bad:
-\hbox{\pdfrunninglinkoff this is a line that would become a link}
-% too late; \pdfrunninglinkoff must be inserted before the box
-\stoptyping
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Bookmarks}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfoutline}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Something{action spec}
- \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{integer}}
- \Something{general text}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}
-}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfoutline}}
-
-This primitive creates an outline (or bookmark) entry. The first parameter
-specifies the action to be taken, and is the same as that allowed for \type
-{\pdfstartlink}. The \Something{count} specifies the number of direct
-subentries under this entry; specify~0 or omit it if this entry has no
-subentries. If the number is negative, then all subentries will be closed and
-the absolute value of this number specifies the number of subentries. The
-\Something{text} is what will be shown in the outline window. Note that this
-is limited to characters in the \PDF\ Document Encoding vector. The outline
-is written to the \PDF\ output immediately.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Article threads}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfthread} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{id spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfthread}}
-
-Defines a bead within an article thread. Thread beads with same
-identifiers (spread across the document) will be joined together.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftstartthread}
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Something{id spec} \Modelist{v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfstartthread}}
-
-This uses the same syntax as \type{\pdfthread}, apart that it must be
-followed by a \type{\pdfendthread}. \type{\pdfstartthread} and the
-corresponding \type{\pdfendthread} must end up in vboxes with the same
-nesting level; all vboxes between them will be added into the thread.
-Note that during output runtime if there are other newly created
-boxes which have the same nesting level as the vbox/vboxes containing
-\type{\pdfstartthread} and \type{\pdfendthread}, they will be also added
-into the thread, which is probably not what you want. To avoid such
-unconsidered behavior, it's often enough to wrap boxes that shouldn't
-belong to the thread by a box to change their box nesting level.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfendthread} \Modelist{v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfendthread}}
-
-This ends an article thread started before by \type{\pdfstartthread}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfthreadmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfthreadmargin}}
-
-Specifies a margin to be added to the dimensions of a bead within
-an article thread.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Literals and specials}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral}
- \Optional{\Literal{shipout}}
- \Optional{\Literal{direct} \Or \Literal{page}}
- \Something{general text}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}
- }}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfliteral}}
-
-Analogous to \type{\special} in the original \TEX, this command inserts
-raw \PDF\ code into the output, appending a whatsit node to the list
-being built. This allows support of color and text transformation, among
-other things.
-
-By default, \Something{general text} is expanded immediately, when the
-whatsit node is created, as with \type{\special}. Starting with version
-1.40.25, the optional keyword \Literal{shipout} can be used to delay
-expansion of \Something{general text} until the whatsit node is shipped
-out, as with non-\type{\immediate} \type{\write}.
-
-Normally, \PDFTEX\ ends a text section in the \PDF\ output and sets the
-transformation matrix to the current location on the page before
-inserting \Something{general text}\unkern; this can be turned off by
-giving the optional keyword \Literal{direct}.
-
-Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ supports the keyword \type{page}
-in addition to \type{direct}. Both modify the default behavior of
-\type{\pdfliteral}, avoiding translation of the coordinate space before
-inserting the literal code. The difference is that the \type{page}
-keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to close a \type{BT ET} text block before
-inserting anything. This means that the literal code inserted refers to
-the \PDF\ origin (lower-left corner of the page) and can be safely
-enclosed with \type{q Q}. In contrast, using \type{q Q} operators inside
-\type{\pdfliteral} with the \type{direct} keyword will produce corrupted
-\PDF\ output, as the \PDF\ standard doesn't allow doing anything like
-this within a \type{BT ET} block.
-
-% HE: \unkern is a kludge here; wanted to have tight "{pdf:"
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Lbrace\unkern\Literal{pdf:}
- \Something{text} \Rbrace}}
-\bookmark{\tex{special}}
-
-This is equivalent to \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral} \Lbrace \Something{text}
-\Rbrace}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Lbrace\unkern\Literal{pdf:direct:}
- \Something{text} \Rbrace}}
-\bookmark{\tex{special\ direct}}
-
-This is equivalent to \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral} \Literal{direct} \Lbrace
-\Something{text} \Rbrace}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Lbrace\unkern\Literal{pdf:page:}
- \Something{text} \Rbrace}}
-\bookmark{\tex{special\ page}}
-
-This is equivalent to \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral} \Literal{page} \Lbrace
-\Something{text} \Rbrace}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Optional{\Literal{shipout}}
- \Lbrace\unkern \Something{general text} \Rbrace}}
-\bookmark{\tex{special\ shipout}}
-
-Starting with version 1.40.25, \PDFTEX\ extends the \type{\special}
-primitive to support the optional keyword \Literal{shipout}. This delays
-expansion of \Something{general text} until the page is shipped out, as
-with non-\type{\immediate} \type{\write}. By default, \Something{general
-text} is expanded immediately.
-
-\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Literal{shipout} \Lbrace \unkern\Literal{pdf:}
-\Something{text} \Rbrace} is equivalent to \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral}
-\Literal{shipout} \Lbrace \Something{text} \Rbrace}.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Strings}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfescapestring} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfescapestring}}
-
-Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ provides a mechanism for converting
-a general text into \PDF\ string. Many characters that may be needed inside
-such a text (especially parenthesis), have a special meaning inside a \PDF\
-string object and thus, can't be used literally. The primitive replaces each
-special \PDF\ character by its literal representation by inserting a backslash
-before that character. Some characters (\eg\ space) are also converted into
-3||digit octal number. In example, \type{\pdfescapestring{Text (1)}} will be
-expanded to \type{Text\040\(1\)}. This ensures a literal interpretation of the
-text by the \PDF\ viewer.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfescapename} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfescapename}}
-
-In analogy to \type{\pdfescapestring}, \type{\pdfescapename} replaces each
-special \PDF\ character inside the general text by its hexadecimal
-representation preceded by \type{#} character. This ensures the proper
-interpretation of the text if used as a \PDF\ name object. In example,
-\type{Text (1)} will be replaced by \type{Text#20#281#29}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfescapehex} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfescapehex}}
-
-This command converts each character of \Something{general text} into its
-hexadecimal representation. Each character of the argument becomes a pair of
-hexadecimal digits. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfunescapehex} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfunescapehex}}
-
-This command treats each character pair of \Something{general text} as
-a hexadecimal number and returns an \ASCII\ character of this code.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfstrcmp} \Something{general text}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfstrcmp}}
-
-This command compares two strings and expands to \type{0} if the strings
-are equal, to \type{-1} if the first string ranks before the second, and
-to \type{1} otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmatch} \Optional{\Literal{icase}}
- \Optional{\Literal{subcount} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmatch}}
-
-This command implements pattern matching (using the syntax of \POSIX\
-extended regular expressions). The first \Something{general text} is a
-pattern and the second is a string. The command expands to \type{-1} if
-the pattern is invalid, to \type{0} if no match is found, and to
-\type{1} if a match is found. With the \type{icase} option, the matching
-is case-insensitive. The \type{subcount} option sets the size of the
-table storing the found (sub)patterns; its default is 10.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastmatch} \Something{integer}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastmatch}}
-
-The matches found with \type{\pdfmatch} are stored in a table. This
-command returns the entry for \Something{integer}, in the format
-\Something{position}\type{->}\Something{string}; \Something{position} is
-the position of the match (starting at zero) or \type{-1} if no match
-was found, and \Something{string} is the matched substring.
-
-Entry~0 contains the match as a whole; the subsequent entries contain
-submatches corresponding to the subpatterns, up to \type{subcount-1}.
-
-If \Something{integer} is less than zero, an error is given.
-
-For instance:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfmatch subcount 3 {ab(cd)*ef(gh)(ij)}{abefghij}
-\pdflastmatch0 % "0->abefghij"
-\pdflastmatch1 % "-1->"
-\pdflastmatch2 % "4->gh"
-\pdflastmatch3 % "-1->"
-\stoptyping
-
-Entry~1 is empty because no match was found for \type{cd}, and entry~3
-is empty because it exceeds the table's size as set by \type{subcount}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Numbers}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\ifpdfabsnum} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{ifpdfabsnum}}
-
-This conditional works like the standard \type{\ifnum}, except that it
-compares absolute values of numbers. Although it seems to be a trivial
-shortcut for a couple of \type{\ifnum x<0} tests, as a primitive it is
-considerably more friendly in usage and works a bit faster.
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\ifpdfabsdim} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{ifpdfabsdim}}
-
-Analogous to \type{\ifpdfabsnum}, this conditional works like
-\type{\ifdim}, except that it compares absolute values of
-dimensions. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfuniformdeviate} \Something{number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfuniformdeviate}}
-
-Generate a uniformly-distributed random integer value between 0
-(inclusive) and \Something{number} (exclusive). This primitive expands
-to a list of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfnormaldeviate} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfnormaldeviate}}
-
-Generate a normally-distributed random integer with a mean of~0 and
-standard deviation 65\,536. That is, about 68\% of the time, the result
-will be between $-65536$ and $65536$ (one standard deviation away from
-the mean). About 95\% of results will be within two standard
-deviations, and 99.7\% within three. This primitive expands to a list
-of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrandomseed} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrandomseed}}
-
-You can use \type{\the\pdfrandomseed} to query the current seed value,
-so you can \eg\ write the value to the log file. The initial value of
-the seed is derived from the system time, and is not more than
-1\,000\,999\,999 (this ensures that the value can be used with commands
-like \type{\count}). \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsetrandomseed} \Something{number}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsetrandomseed}}
-
-Set the random seed (\type{\pdfrandomseed}) to a specific value,
-allowing you to replay sequences of semi-randoms at a later moment.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Timekeeping}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfelapsedtime} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfelapsedtime}}
-
-Return a number that represents the time elapsed from the moment of the
-start of the run. The elapsed time is returned in `scaled seconds',
-meaning seconds divided by 65536, \eg\ \PDFTEX\ has run for
-\the\pdfelapsedtime\ `scaled seconds' when this paragraph was
-typeset. Of course, the command will never return a value greater than
-the highest number available in \TeX: if the time exceeds 32767 seconds,
-the constant value $2^{31}-1$ will be returned. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfresettimer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfresettimer}}
-
-Reset the internal timer so that \type{\pdfelapsedtime}
-starts returning micro||time from~0 again. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Files}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffilemoddate} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffilemoddate}}
-
-Expands to the modification date of file \Something{general text} in the
-same format as for \type{\pdfcreationdate}, \eg\ it's {\tt
-\pdffilemoddate {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual. As of
-version 1.40.20, if the \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
-\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} environment variables are both set,
-\type{\pdffilemoddate} returns a value in UTC, ending in \type{Z}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffilesize} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffilesize}}
-
-Expands to the size of file \Something{general text}, \eg\ it's {\tt
-\pdffilesize {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmdfivesum}
- \Optional{\Literal{file}}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmdfivesum\ file}}
-
-If the keyword \type{file} is given, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of file
-\Somethingtext{general text} in uppercase hexadecimal format (same as
-\type{\pdfescapehex}). Without \type{file}, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of
-the \Somethingtext{generaltext} taken as a string. For example, it's
-{\tt \pdfmdfivesum file {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffiledump}
- \Optional{\Literal{offset} \Something{integer}}
- \Optional{\Literal{length} \Something{integer}}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffiledump}}
-
-Expands to the dump of the first \type{length} \Somethingtext{integer}
-bytes of the file \Somethingtext{general text}, in uppercase hexadecimal
-format (same as \type{\pdfescapehex}), starting at offset
-\type{offset}~\Somethingtext{number}, or the beginning of the file if
-\type{offset}. If \type{length} is not given, the default is zero, so
-expands to nothing. Both \Somethingtext{integer}s must be $\ge0$. For
-example, the first ten bytes of the source of this manual are {\tt
-\pdffiledump length 10 {./pdftex-t.tex}}. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\input} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{input}}
-
-As of \TEXLIVE\ 2020, the \type{\input} primitive in all \TEX\ engines,
-including \PDFTEX, now also accepts a group-delimited filename argument,
-as a system-dependent extension, as in \type{\input} \Lbrace
-\type{foo.tex} \Rbrace. The usage of \type{\input} with a standard
-space/token-delimited filename is completely unchanged.
-
-This group-delimited argument was previously implemented in Lua\TEX; now
-it is available in all engines. \ASCII\ double quote characters
-(\type{"}) are removed from the filename, but it is otherwise left
-unchanged after tokenization.
-
-This extension is unlike most others in that it affects a primitive in
-standard \TEX\ (\type{\input}), rather than being related to a new
-primitive, command line option, etc. This is allowed because additional
-methods of recognizing filenames are explicitly mentioned in
-\type{tex.web} as acceptable system-dependent extensions.
-
-Incidentally, this does not directly affect \LATEX's \type{\input}
-command, as that is a macro redefinition of the standard \type{\input}
-primitive.
-
-\introduced{1.40.21}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Color stack}
-
-\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 comes with color stack support (actually any graphic state
-stack).
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcolorstackinit} \Optional{\Literal{page}}
- \Optional{\Literal{direct}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcolorstackinit}}
-
-The primitive initializes a new graphic stack and returns its number. Optional
-\Literal{page} keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to restore the graphic at the
-beginning of every new page. Also optional \Literal{direct} has the same effect
-as for \Tex{\pdfliteral} primitive. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcolorstack} \Something{stack number}
- \Something{stack action} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcolorstack}}
-
-The command operates on the stack of a given number. If \Something{stack
-action} is \Literal{push} keyword, the new value provided as
-\Something{general text} is inserted into the top of the graphic stack
-and becomes the current stack value. If followed by \Literal{pop}, the
-top value is removed from the stack and the new top value becomes the
-current. \Literal{set} keyword replaces the current value with
-\Something{general text} without changing the stack size.
-\Literal{current} keyword instructs just to use the current stack value
-without modifying the stack at all. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Transformations}
-
-Since the content of \Tex{\pdfliteral} is not interpreted anyhow, any
-transformation inserted directly into the content stream, as well as saving
-and restoring the current transformation matrix, remains unnoticed by
-\PDFTEX\ positioning mechanism. As a consequence, links and other annotations
-(that are formed in \PDF\ as different layer then the page content) are not
-affected by such user-defined transformations. \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 solves this
-problem with three new primitives.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsetmatrix}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsetmatrix}}
-
-Afine transformations are normally expressed with six numbers. First
-four (no unit) values defining scaling, rotating and skewing, plus two
-extra dimensions for shifting. Since the translation is handled by \TeX\
-itself, \Tex{\pdfsetmatrix} primitive expects as an argument a string
-containing just the first four numbers of the transformation separated
-by a space and assumes two position coordinates to be~0. In example,
-\type{\pdfsetmatrix{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87}} rotates the current space by 30
-degrees, inserting \type{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87 0 0 cm} into the content
-stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsave}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsave}}
-
-The command saves the current transformation by inserting \type{q}
-operator into the content stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrestore}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrestore}}
-
-The command restores previously saved transformation by inserting \type{Q}
-operator into the content stream. One should keep in mind that \Tex{\pdfsave}
-and \Tex{\pdfrestore} pairs should always be properly nested and should start
-and end at the same group level. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Macro programming}
-
-Expansion-related.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {expanded} \Something{tokens}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{expanded}}
-
-Expands \Something{tokens} in exactly the same way as \type{\message}.
-In contrast to \type{\edef}, macro parameter characters do not need to
-be doubled. \type{\protected} macros are not expanded.
-\introduced{1.40.20}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {ifincsname} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{ifincsname}}
-
-This conditional is true if evaluated inside \type{\csname ... \endcsname},
-and false otherwise.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {ifpdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{ifpdfprimitive}}
-
-This condition checks if the following control sequence has its
-primitive meaning. If it has, \type{\ifpdfprimitive} returns true. In
-any other case (redefined, made \type{\undefined}, has never been
-primitive) false is returned. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-
-flapping\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex{partokencontext} \Something{number}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{partokencontext}}
-
-The {\em par-token} (i.e., the token with the name given by
-\type{\partokenname}, or \type{\par} by default; see
-\type{\partokenname}, next) is inserted into the input stream in
-different places, according to the \type{\partokencontext} value. This
-value can be:
-
-0: {\em par-token} is inserted at empty lines (more exactly, when a
- token category~5 is seen in state~$N$, reading a line); before
- \type{\end}, \type{\vskip}, \type{\hrule}, \type{\unvbox}, and
- \type{\halign}, if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode when those commands
- are seen; and in various error recovery situations. These are the
- standard cases, and this is the default value.
-
-1: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
- \type{\vbox}, \type{\vtop}, and \type{\vcenter}, if \TeX{} is in
- horizontal mode at the time.
-
-2: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
- \type{\insert}, \type{\vadjust}, \type{\output}, \type{\noalign}, and
- items of \type{\valign}, again if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode at the
- time.
-
-With the default \type{\partokencontext=0}, \TEX\ behaves in its normal
-way: the situations in cases 1 and 2 are processed by a direct call of
-{\em end-paragraph} routine, with no emitted {\em par-token}.
-
-If \type{\partokencontext=1} then \TeX\ inserts the {\em par-token} in
-additional cases: when vertical boxes are completed but horizontal mode
-is not finished. Since vboxes are not uncommonly inserted directly by
-users, with horizontal mode material, this allows macro programmers to
-control all such boxes being finished by a {\em par-token}. An example:
-
-\starttyping
-\partokenname\_mypar
-\partokencontext=1
-\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
-\vbox{Vbox text.}
-\stoptyping
-
-This will output ``\type{Hi there!''}\ after ``\type{Vbox text.}''.
-
-Finally, with \type{\partokencontext=2}, all cases where classical \TeX\
-uses the direct {\em end-paragraph} routine are changed to emit the {\em
-par-token} instead. In contrast to case~1, these commands are rarely
-invoked directly by users with horizontal mode material.
-
-The setting of the register \type{\partokencontext} is local.
-\introduced{1.40.24}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex{partokenname} \Something{control sequence}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{partokenname}}
-
-\TeX{} internally inserts a control sequence, named \type{\par} by
-default, into the input stream at empty lines, the end of vboxes, and
-various other places (see \type{\partokencontext}, above). Let's call this
-control sequence the {\em par-token}.
-
-Executing \type{\partokenname}\Something{control-sequence} changes the
-name of the {\em par-token} from \type{\par} to the given
-\Something{control-sequence}. The setting performed by
-\type{\partokenname} is global.
-
-This makes it possible to release the name \type{\par} to the ``user's
-name space'', i.e., after \type{\partokenname}, users can define and use
-\type{\par} as they wish without changing the behavior of anything
-internal to \TeX{}. For example:
-
-\starttyping
-\catcode`\_=11
-\partokenname\_mypar % use \_mypar at user level
-\let\_mypar=\par % make \_mypar equivalent to built-in \par
-%
-\def\par{some random text} % redefine \par
-%
-Hello world.
-
-Goodbye.
-\end
-\stoptyping
-
-This will not output ``\type{some random text}'' (the definition of
-\type{\par}), due to the \type{\partokenname} setting.
-
-By default, the meaning of the {\em par-token} is to end a paragraph
-(also named as \type{\endgraf} in the plain \TEX\ format). It can be
-changed as usual with, for example, \type{\def}. Naturally, it is the
-control sequence name given to \type{\partokenname} that must be
-redefined. Continuing the previous example (prior to the \type{\end}):
-
-\starttyping
-\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
-Paragraph one.
-
-Paragraph two.\let\_mypar=\endgraf
-\stoptyping
-
-This will output ``\type{Hi there!''}\ after ``\type{Paragraph one.}'',
-before ending the paragraph.
-
-Another behavior of the {\em par-token} built into \TEX\ is that macros
-not defined as \type{\long} cause the error ``runaway argument'' if the
-{\em par-token} is scanned as a parameter. After
-\type{\setpartokenname}, it will be the new control sequence name that
-triggers this error, not \type{\par}. For example (still continuing the
-same example):
-
-\starttyping
-\def\amac#1{}
-\amac{long test, no error: \par}
-\amac{long test, gives error: \_mypar}
-\stoptyping
-
-\introduced{1.40.24}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {pdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfprimitive}}
-
-This command executes the primitive meaning of the following control
-sequence, regardless of whether the control sequence has been redefined
-or made undefined. If the primitive was expandable, \type{\pdfprimitive}
-expands also. On the other hand, if the following control sequence never
-was a primitive, nothing happens and no error is raised. (In some
-versions of \PDFTEX\ prior to 1.40.19, an error was wrongly given.)
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Typesetting}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinsertht} \Something{integer}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinsertht}}
-
-If \Something{integer} is the number of an insertion class, this command
-returns the height of the corresponding box at the current time.
-For instance, the following returns \type{12pt} in plain \TEX:
-
-\starttyping
-Abc\footnote*{Whatever.}\par
-\pdfinsertht\footins
-\stoptyping
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastxpos} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastxpos}}
-
-This primitive returns an integer number representing the absolute $x$
-coordinate of the last point marked by \type{\pdfsavepos}. The unit is
-`scaled points' (sp).
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastypos} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastypos}}
-
-Completely analogous to \type{\pdflastxpos}, returning the $y$ coordinate.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsavepos} \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsavepos}}
-
-This primitive marks the current absolute ($x,y$) position on the
-media, with the reference point in the lower left corner. It is active
-only during page shipout, when the page is finally assembled. The
-position coordinates can then be retrieved by the \type{\pdflastxpos}
-and \type{\pdflastypos} primitives, and \eg\ written out to some
-auxiliary file. The coordinates can be used only after the current
-\type{\shipout} has been finalized, therefore normally two \PDFTEX\
-runs are required to utilize these primitives. Starting with
-\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0, this mechanism can be used also while running
-in \DVI\ mode.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\quitvmode}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{quitvmode}}
-
-The primitive instructs \PDFTEX\ to quit vertical mode and start
-typesetting a paragraph. Thus, \type{\quitvmode} has the same basic
-effect as the \type{\leavevmode} macro from \type{plain.tex}. However,
-\type{\leavevmode} expands the \type{\everypar} tokens list, which may
-or may not be desired. \type{\quitvmode} does not expand
-\type{\everypar}. \introduced{1.21a}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\vadjust}
- \Optional{\Something{pre spec}}
- \Something{filler}
- \Lbrace \Something{vertical mode material} \Rbrace
- \Modelist{h, m}
-}}
-\bookmark{\tex{vadjust}}
-
-The \type{\vadjust} implementation of \PDFTEX\ adds an optional
-qualifier \Something{pre spec}, which is simply the string \type{pre}, to
-the original \TEX\ primitive with the same name. If
-no \type{pre} is given, \type{\vadjust} behaves exactly as the original
-(see {\em The \TEX book}, p.~281): it appends an adjustment item created
-from \Something{vertical mode material} to the current list {\em after}
-the line in which \type{\vadjust} appears. In contrast, with the qualifier
-\type{pre}, the adjustment item is put {\em before} the line in which
-\type{\vadjust pre} appears.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Tracing}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\tracinglostchars} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{tracinglostchars}}
-
-This primitive parameter has always been part of \TEX, and its operation
-with values $\le2$ is unchanged. In addition, if its value is
-$\ge3$, then \quote{Missing character} reports become full errors
-(ordinarily they are only logged), and the character code is reported in
-hex. For example:
-
-\starttyping
-\tracinglostchars=3
-\font\x=logo10 \x \char99 \end
-\stoptyping
-
-will result in this error message:
-\starttyping
-! Missing character: There is no c ("63) in font logo10.
-\stoptyping
-
-(The \type{logo10} font only defines the capital letters used in the
-\METAFONT\ and \METAPOST\ logos, so there is no lowercase.)
-
-This new behavior is essentially the same in all \TeX\ engines except
-the original \TEX\ and \eTeX, where the behavior of
-\type{\tracinglostchars} remains unchanged.
-
-\introduced{1.40.22}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\tracingstacklevels} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{tracingstacklevels}}
-
-If this primitive parameter is $>0$, and \type{\tracingmacros}$\,>0$,
-macro expansion logging is truncated at the specified depth. Also, and
-more importantly, each relevant log line is given a prefix beginning
-with \type{~}, either followed by a \type{.} character for each
-expansion level or only another \type{~} if the expansion was truncated.
-For example:
-
-\starttyping
-\tracingmacros=1 % so macro expansion is logged at all
-\tracingstacklevels=2 % cut off at level 2
-\def\a#1{\relax} % argument to show parameter logging is affected too
-\def\b#1{\a{#1}}
-\b1
-\stoptyping
-
-\noindent logs the following:
-
-\starttyping
-~.\b #1->\a {#1}
-#1<-1
-~~\a
-\stoptyping
-
-Thus, the expansion of \type{\b} is logged normally, with the addition
-of the \type{~.} prefix. The expansion of \type{\a} is truncated
-(level~2), hence neither the parameters nor body expansion are shown.
-
-Furthermore, an \type{\input} file counts as an expansion level, and the
-input filename is logged. So, if we add this to our example above:
-\starttyping
-\input anotherfile
-\stoptyping
-
-where \type{anotherfile.tex} simply contains \type{\b2}, the log will
-get:
-
-\starttyping
-~.INPUT anotherfile.tex
-~~\b
-~~\a
-\stoptyping
-
-Now the \type{\b} expansion is not logged either, since the expansion
-depth is higher than the \type{\tracingstacklevels} value.
-
-The intended use of \type{\tracingstacklevels} is not so much to
-truncate logging as to indicate expansion levels for detailed debugging.
-Thus normally it would be set to a large number (\type{\maxdimen}, say),
-so that everything is fully logged, with the addition of the expansion
-level indication with the number of dots in the prefix.
-
-The behavior is the same in all \TeX\ engines except the original \TEX\
-and \eTeX, where \type{\tracingstacklevels} remains undefined.
-\introduced{1.40.22}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\showstream} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{showstream}}
-
-If this primitive parameter has a value corresponding to an open output
-stream (which has been opened with \type{\openout}), then any
-\type{\show}, \type{\showthe}, \type{\showbox} or \type{\showlists}
-commands do not write output to the terminal, but instead write to the
-referenced output stream only, as if they were written with
-\type{\immediate\write}.
-
-For example:
-\starttyping
-\newwrite\myoutstream
-\immediate\openout\myoutstream="infofile"
-\showstream=\myoutstream
-% From now on, \show... commands are redirected to "infofile.tex".
-\show\TeX
-%
-\showstream=-1
-% -1 is never a open file and therefore restores
-% normal \show... behavior.
-\immediate\closeout\myoutstream
-\stoptyping
-
-This example would not generate any special output to the terminal or
-log file (except for any logging done by \type{\newwrite}. It writes
-this text to \type{infofile.tex}, including the initial blank line,
-since that is what \type{\show} does:
-
-\starttyping
-
-> \TeX=macro:
-->T\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX
-\stoptyping
-
-The behavior is the same in all \TeX\ engines except the original \TEX\
-and \eTeX, where \type{\showstream} remains undefined. \introduced{1.40.24}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{\PDFTEX\ execution environment}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {pdfdraftmode} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfdraftmode}}
-
-When set to 1 (or set by the command-line switch \type{-draftmode})
-\PDFTEX\ doesn't write the output \PDF\ file and doesn't actually read any
-images but does everything else (including writing auxiliary files),
-thus speeding up compilations when you know you need an extra run but
-don't care about the output, \eg\ just to get the \BIBTEX\ references
-right. If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is
-written to the \PDF\ output.
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfshellescape} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfshellescape}}
-
-This primitive is~1 if \type{\write18} is enabled, 2 if its operation is
-restricted to known-safe programs, and 0 otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftexbanner} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftexbanner}}
-
-Returns the \PDFTEX\ banner message, \eg\ for the version used here:
-{\tt \pdftexbanner}. \introduced{1.20a}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftexrevision} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftexrevision}}
-
-Returns the revision number of \PDFTEX, \eg\ for \PDFTEX\ version
-\currentpdftex\ (used to produce this document), it returns the number
-{\tt \pdftexrevision}.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftexversion} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftexversion}}
-
-Returns the version of \PDFTEX\ multiplied by 100, \eg\ for \PDFTEX\
-version \currentpdftex\ (used to produce this document), it returns {\tt
-\number\pdftexversion}.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Graphics}
-
-\PDFTEX\ supports inclusion of pictures in \PNG, \JPEG, \JBIGTWO, and
-\PDF\ format; a few differences between these are discussed below. The
-most common technique with \TEX\ |<|the inclusion of \EPS\ figures|>|
-is replaced by \PDF\ inclusion. \EPS\ files can be converted to \PDF\ by
-\GHOSTSCRIPT, Adobe Distiller or other \POSTSCRIPT||to||\PDF\ converters.
-
-The \PDF\ format is currently the most versatile source format for
-graphics embedding. \PDFTEX\ allows to insert arbitrary pages from
-\PDF\ files with their own fonts, graphics, and pixel images into
-a document. The cover page of this manual is an example of such an insert,
-being a one page document generated by \PDFTEX.
-
-By default \PDFTEX\ takes the BoundingBox of a \PDF\ file from its CropBox
-if available, otherwise from its MediaBox. This can be influenced by
-the \Something{pdf box spec} option to the \type{\pdfximage} primitive,
-or by setting the \type{\pdfpagebox} or \type{\pdfforcepagebox} primitives to
-a value corresponding to the wanted box type.
-
-To get the right BoundingBox from a \EPS\ file, before converting to \PDF,
-it is necessary to transform the \EPS\ file so that the start point is
-at the (0,0)~coordinate and the page size is set exactly corresponding
-to the BoundingBox. A \PERL\ script (\EPSTOPDF) for this purpose has been
-written. The \TEXUTIL\ utility script and the \PSTOPDF\ program that comes
-with \GHOSTSCRIPT\ can so a similar job. (Concerning this conversion,
-they can handle complete directories, remove some garbage from files,
-takes precautions against duplicate conversion, etc.)
-
-The lossless compressing \PNG\ format is great for embedding crisp pixel
-graphics (\eg\ line scans, screen shots). Since \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0 also the
-alpha-channel of \PNG\ images is processed if available; this allows
-embedding of images with simple transparency. The \PNG\ format does not
-support the CMYK color model, which is sometimes required for print media
-(this often can be replaced by four component \JPEG\ in high quality or
-lossless compression mode). Photos in \PNG\ format have a rather weak
-compression; here the \JPEG\ format is preferable.
-
-Embedding \PNG\ images in the general case requires \PDFTEX\ to uncompress
-the pixel array and to re||compress it to the \PDF\ requirements; this
-process often takes a noticeable amount of time. Since \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0
-there is now a fast \PNG\ embedding mode that goes without uncompressing;
-the image data are directly copied into the \PDF\ stream, resulting in
-a much higher embedding speed. However this mode is only activated, if
-the image array structure of the \PNG\ file is compatible with the \PDF\
-image structure (\eg\ an interlaced \PNG\ image requires uncompressing to
-re||arrange the image lines). Luckily it seems that the most common \PNG\
-files also allow fast copying. The use of gamma correction disables fast
-copying, as it requires calculations with individual pixels. Whether the
-fast copy mode is used for a \PNG\ image can be seen from the log file,
-which then shows the string `(PNG copy)' after the \PNG\ file name.
-
-The \JPEG\ format is normally used in lossy mode; then it's ideal for
-embedding photos. It's not recommended for crisp images from synthetic
-sources with a limited amount of colors. Both \JFIF\ and \EXIF\ are
-supported for additional information.
-
-The \JBIGTWO\ format works only for bitonal (black and white) pixel
-images like scanned line and text documents, but for these it has
-typically a much higher compression ratio than the other two pixel
-image formats. The \JBIGTWO\ format is part of the \PDF\ standard since
-version 1.5; native \JBIGTWO\ image inclusion is available in \PDFTEX\
-since version 1.40.0. A \JBIGTWO\ file might contain many images, which
-gives an even better compression ratio than with a single image per file,
-as \JBIGTWO\ encoders can exploit similarities between bit patterns over
-several images. Encoders for \JBIGTWO\ can operate in lossy as well as
-lossless modes. Only recently a free \JBIGTWO\ encoder has been written
-and made available, see \from[jbig2enc].
-
-Other options for graphics in \PDFTEX\ are:
-
-\description {\LATEX\ picture mode} Since this is implemented simply in terms
-of font characters, it works in exactly the same way as usual.
-
-\description {Xy||pic} If the \POSTSCRIPT\ back||end is not requested, Xy||pic
-uses its own Type~1 fonts, and needs no special attention.
-
-\description {tpic} The \quote {tpic} \type{\special} commands (used in some
-macro packages) can be redefined to produce literal \PDF, using some macros
-written by Hans Hagen.
-
-\description {\METAPOST} Although the output of \METAPOST\ is
-\POSTSCRIPT, it is in a highly simplified form, and a \METAPOST\ to
-\PDF\ conversion (\MPTOPDF, available as \type{supp-pdf.tex} and
-\type{supp-pdf.mkii}, written by Hans Hagen and Tanmoy Bhattacharya) is
-implemented as a set of macros which reads \METAPOST\ output and
-supports all of its features.
-
-The inclusion of raw \POSTSCRIPT\ commands |<|a technique utilized
-by for instance the \type{pstricks} package|>| cannot directly be
-supported. Although \PDF\ is a direct descendant of \POSTSCRIPT, it
-lacks any programming language commands, and cannot deal with arbitrary
-\POSTSCRIPT.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section[sec.addpdfkeys]{Additional \PDF\ keys}
-
-{\em This section is based on the manual on keys written by Martin
-Schr\"oder, one of the maintainers of \PDFTEX.}
-
-A \PDF\ document should contain only the structures and attributes defined
-in the \PDF\ specification. However, the specification allows applications
-to insert additional keys, provided they follow certain rules.
-
-The most important rule is that developers have to register with Adobe
-prefixes for the keys they want to insert. Hans Hagen has registered the
-prefix \type{PTEX} for \PDFTEX.
-
-\PDFTEX\ generates an XObject for every included \PDF. The dictionary of
-this object contains these additional keys:
-
-\starttabulate[|lT|l|p|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf key \NC \bf type \NC meaning \NC \NR
-\HL
-\NC PTEX.FileName \NC string \NC The name of the included file as seen by
- \PDFTEX. \NC \NR
-\NC PTEX.InfoDict \NC dictionary \NC The document information dictionary of the included
- \PDF\ (an indirect object). \NC \NR
-\NC PTEX.PageNumber \NC integer \NC The page number of the included file. \NC \NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-
-The \PDFReference\ says: \quotation {Although viewer applications can
-store custom metadata in the document information dictionary, it is
-inappropriate to store private content or structural information there;
-such information should be stored in the document catalog instead.}
-
-Although it would seem more natural to put this information in the
-document information dictionary, we have to obey the rules laid down in
-the \PDFReference. The following key ends up in the document catalog.
-
-\starttabulate[|lT|l|p|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf key \NC \bf type \NC meaning \NC \NR
-\HL
-\NC PTEX.Fullbanner \NC string \NC The full version of the \pt binary that
-produced the file as displayed by {\tt pdftex \hbox{-{}-version}}, \eg\
-{\tt\pdftexbanner}. This is necessary because the string in the
-\type{Producer} key in the info dictionary is rather short,
-namely {\tt pdfTeX-\currentpdftex}. \NC \NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-
-Any or all of these keys can be suppressed with the
-\type{\pdfsuppressptexinfo} primitive, described in
-\in{section}[sec.docinfocatalog].
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Character translation}
-
-Characters that are input to \PDFTEX\ are subject to optional
-\TEX\ character translation (\TCX) under control of a \TCX\ file.
-The \TCX\ maps the input character codes (\eg\ from \type{\input} or
-\type{\read}) to the character codes as seen by \PDFTEX. This mapping
-takes place before the characters enter \PDFTEX's `mouth'. If no \TCX\
-file is read, the input characters enter \PDFTEX\ directly; no mapping
-is done.
-
-\TCX\ files consist of lines each containing one or two integer numbers
-in the range 0..255, either in decimal or hex notation.
-% strtol() C-function
-A comment sign \type{%} in a \TCX\ line starts a comment until the
-end of line. The first number in each line is for matching the input
-character code, the second, optional number is the corresponding \TEX\
-character code. If a line contains only one number, characters with
-this code enter \PDFTEX\ unchanged; no mapping is done.
-
-\TCX\ mapping also influences \PDFTEX\ output streams for \type{\message} and
-\type{\write}. Without \TCX\ mapping, only characters that are within
-the range 32..126 are flagged as `printable', meaning that these
-characters are output directly by \type{\message} and \type{\write}
-primitives. Characters outside the range 32..126 are instead output
-in escaped form, \eg\ as \type{^^A} for a character with code
-\type{0x01}. When a character code is mentioned in the 2nd column of the
-\TCX\ file, or as the only value in a line, it is flagged as `printable'.
-During \type{\message} and \type{\write}, output characters are mapped
-in reverse direction: they are looked up in the 2nd column of the \TCX\
-file and the corresponding values from the 1st column are output. Again,
-if a \PDFTEX\ character code is found as the only number in a line, no
-mapping is done. Mentioning a character code as the only number on
-a line has the sole purpose to flag this code `printable'; remember that
-character within the range 32..126 are `printable' anyway.
-
-The characters output into the \PDF\ file, \eg\ by \type{\pdfliteral}
-or \type{\special} primitives, are not subject to \TCX\ output remapping.
-
-Beware: Character translation interferes with the \ENCTEX\ primitives; to
-avoid surprises, don't use \ENCTEX\ and \TCX\ mapping at the same time.
-Further details about \TCX\ file loading can be found in the \WEBC\
-manual.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Installation}
-
-This section describes the steps needed to get \PDFTEX\ running on
-a system where \PDFTEX\ is not yet installed. Nowadays essentially all
-\TEX\ distributions include \PDFTEX\ already as a component, such as \TEXLIVE,
-\MIKTEX, \PROTEXT, and \MACTEX. For example, the
-\TEXLIVE\ distribution comes with \PDFTEX\ versions for many \UNIX,
-\WIN, and \MACOSX\ systems; more information can be found at
-\hbox{\from[texlive].} There are also \WIN-specific distributions which
-contain \PDFTEX, under \from[win32]: \MIKTEX\ by Christian Schenk, and
-\PROTEXT\ (based on \MIKTEX) by Thomas Feuerstack. When you use any
-of these distributions, you don't need to bother with the \PDFTEX\
-installation procedure in the next sections.
-
-If there is no precompiled \PDFTEX\ binary for your system, or the version
-coming with a distribution is not the current one and you would like to
-try out a fresh \PDFTEX\ immediately, you will need to build \PDFTEX\
-from sources; read on. You should already have a working \TEX\ system,
-\eg\ \TEXLIVE, into which the freshly compiled \PDFTEX\ will
-be integrated. Note that the installation description in this manual
-is \WEBC||specific.
-
-\subsection{Getting sources and binaries}
-
-The latest sources of \PDFTEX\ are distributed for compilation on \UNIX\
-systems (including \GNU/Linux), and \WIN\ systems. The primary home
-page is \from[ptex_org], where you also find bug tracking information.
-Development sources are at \from[ptex_devel]. Precompiled \PDFTEX\
-binaries for various systems might be available in subdirectories below
-\from[ctan_systems], or via \TEX\ distribution web pages.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Compiling}
-
-The compilation is expected to be easy on \UNIX||like systems and
-can be described best by example. Assuming that the file \filename
-{pdftex.zip} is downloaded to some working directory, \eg\
-\filename {\$HOME/pdftex}, on a \UNIX\ system the following steps are
-needed to compile \PDFTEX:
-
-\startesctyping
-cd pdftex.../source
-./build-pdftex.sh
-\stopesctyping
-
-The binary \filename{pdftex} is then built in the subdirectory
-\filename{build/texk/web2c}.
-
-The obsolescent binary \filename{pdfetex} is still generated for backward
-compatibility, but since version 1.40 it is just a symbolic link to or copy
-of the file \filename{pdftex}.
-
-As well as the main \filename{pdftex} binary, binaries for the utilities
-\filename{pdftosrc} and \filename{ttf2afm} are generated.
-
-Incidentally, for \PDFTEX\ maintains, a sibling script to
-\type{build-pdftex.sh} is included, namely \type{sync-pdftex.sh}, which
-syncs changes from a \TEXLIVE\ source repository to a \PDFTEX\ source
-repository. Read the script before using it. And don't use it unless
-you understand what you read.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Placing files}
-
-The next step is to put the freshly compiled \filename{pdftex},
-\filename{pdftosrc}, and \filename{ttf2afm} binaries into the binary
-directory (\eg\ for a typical \TEXLIVE\ system, and on the appropriate
-platform) \filename{/usr/local/texlive/\rcsyear/bin/x86_64-linux}.
-
-If you're doing this into a live hierarchy, don't forget to do a
-\type{texconfig-sys init} afterwards, so that all formats are
-regenerated system-wide with the fresh \filename{pdftex} binary.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Setting search paths}
-
-\WEBC||based programs, including \PDFTEX, use the \WEBC\ run||time
-configuration file called \filename {texmf.cnf}. The location
-of this file is the appropriate position within the \TDS\ tree
-relative to the place of the \PDFTEX\ binary; on a \TEXLIVE\ system,
-\filename{texmf.cnf} is typically located either in the directory
-\filename{texmf-dist/web2c}. The path to
-file \filename{texmf.cnf} can also be set up by the environment variable
-\type{TEXMFCNF}.
-
-The configuration files in the major \TEX\ distributions (such as
-\filename{texmf.cnf} in \TEXLIVE) should already be set up for normal
-use, so you shouldn't need to edit it. You might still like to read it
-to see where the various bits and pieces are going.
-
-\PDFTEX\ uses the search path variables shown in
-\in{table}[tbl:spathvar], among others.
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf used for \NC \bf texmf.cnf \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC output files \NC \type{TEXMFOUTPUT} \NC\NR
-\NC input files, images \NC \type{TEXINPUTS} \NC\NR
-\NC format files \NC \type{TEXFORMATS} \NC\NR
-\NC \TeX\ pool files \NC \type{TEXPOOL} \NC\NR
-\NC encoding files \NC \type{ENCFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC font map files \NC \type{TEXFONTMAPS} \NC\NR
-\NC \TFM\ files \NC \type{TFMFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC virtual fonts \NC \type{VFFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC Type~1 fonts \NC \type{T1FONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC TrueType fonts \NC \type{TTFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC OpenType fonts \NC \type{OPENTYPEFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC bitmap fonts \NC \type{PKFONTS} \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable[here][tbl:spathvar]
- {The principal \WEBC\ variables.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-\PathDescription {TEXMFOUTPUT} Normally, \PDFTEX\ puts its output files
-in the current directory, overridden by the \type{-output-directory}
-option. If any output file cannot be opened there, it tries to open it
-in the environment variable \type{TEXMFOUTPUT}, if that is set. There is
-no default value for that variable. For example, if \type{TEXMFOUTPUT}
-has the value \type{/tmp}, and you run \type{pdftex paper} when the
-current directory is not writable, \PDFTEX\ attempts to create
-\type{/tmp/paper.log} (and \type{/tmp/paper.pdf}, etc.)
-
-\PathDescription {TEXINPUTS} This variable specifies where \PDFTEX\ finds
-its input files. Image files are considered
-input files and searched for along this path.
-
-\PathDescription {TEXFORMATS} Search path for format (\type{.fmt}) files.
-
-\PathDescription {TEXPOOL} Search path for pool (\type{.pool}) files; no
-longer used, since the pool file (program strings) are compiled into
-the binary.
-
-\PathDescription {ENCFONTS} Search path for encoding (\type{.enc}) files.
-
-\PathDescription {TEXFONTMAPS} Search path for font map (\type{.map}) files.
-
-\PathDescription {TFMFONTS} Search path for font metric (\type{.tfm}) files.
-
-\PathDescription {VFFONTS} Search path for virtual font (\type{.vf})
-files. Virtual fonts are fonts made up of other fonts.
-Because \PDFTEX\ produces the
-final output code, it must consult those files.
-
-\PathDescription {T1FONTS} Search path for Type~1 font files (\type{.pfa}
-and \type{.pfb}). These outline (vector) fonts are to be preferred over
-bitmap \PK\ fonts. In most cases Type~1 fonts are used and this variable
-tells \PDFTEX\ where to find them.
-
-\PathDescription {TTFONTS,\hfil\break \hbox{OPENTYPEFONTS}} Search paths
-for TrueType (\type{.ttf}) and OpenType (\type{.otf}) font files. Like
-Type~1 fonts, TrueType and OpenType fonts are also outlines.
-
-\PathDescription {PKFONTS} Search path for packed (bitmap) font
-(\type{.pk}) files.
-Unfortunately bitmap fonts are still displayed poorly by some \PDF\
-viewers, so when possible one should use outline fonts. When no outline
-is available, \PDFTEX\ tries to locate a suitable \PK\ font (or invoke
-a process that generates it).
-
-\PathDescription{TEXFONTS} Fallback for all the font paths, so that if
-you want to look in a particular directory for fonts on a given run, you
-can set that one variable.
-
-Many more variables may be consulted, and there are many details to
-file name lookups. See the Kpathsea manual (\from [kpathsea]).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection[cfg]{The \PDFTEX\ configuration}
-
-We must keep in mind that, as opposed to \TEX\ with its \DVI\ output,
-the \PDFTEX\ program does not have a separate postprocessing stage to
-transform the \TEX\ input into final \PDF. As a consequence, all data
-needed for building a ready \PDF\ page must be available during the
-\PDFTEX\ run, in particular information on media dimensions and offsets,
-graphics files for embedding, and font information (font files,
-encodings).
-
-When \TEX\ builds a page, it places items relative to the (1in,1in)
-offset from the top left page corner (the \DVI\ reference point).
-Separate \DVI\ postprocessors allow specifying the paper size (\eg\
-\quote {A4} or \quote{letter}), so that this reference point is moved to
-the correct position on the paper, and the text ends up at the right
-place.
-
-In \PDF, the paper dimensions are part of the page definition, and
-\PDFTEX\ therefore requires that they be defined at the beginning of
-the \PDFTEX\ run. As with pages described by \POSTSCRIPT, the \PDF\
-reference point is in the lower||left corner.
-
-Formerly, these dimensions and other \PDFTEX\ parameters were read
-in from a configuration file named \filename{pdftex.cfg}, which had
-a special (non-\TEX) format, at the start of processing. Nowadays such
-a file is ignored by \PDFTEX. Instead, the page dimensions and offsets,
-as well as many other parameters, can be set by \PDFTEX\ primitives
-during the \PDFTEX\ format building process, so that the settings are
-dumped into the fresh format and consequently will be used when \PDFTEX\
-is later called with that format. All settings from the format can
-still be overridden during a \PDFTEX\ run by using the same primitives.
-This new configuration concept is a more unified approach, as it avoids
-the configuration file with a special format.
-
-A list of \PDFTEX\ primitives relevant to setting up the \PDFTEX\ engine
-is given in \in{table}[tbl:configparms]. All primitives are described in
-detail within later sections. \in{Figure}[in:pdftexconfig] shows a recent
-configuration file (\type{pdftexconfig.tex}) in \TEX\ format, using the
-primitives from \in{table}[tbl:configparms], which typically is read
-in during the format building process. It enables \PDF\ output, sets paper
-dimensions and the default pixel density for \PK\ font inclusion. The default
-values are chosen so that \PDFTEX\ often can be used (\eg\ in \type{-ini} mode)
-even without setting any parameters.
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|l|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf internal name \NC \bf type \NC\bf default\NC\bf comment\NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC \type{\pdfoutput} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \DVI \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfadjustspacing} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC off \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfcompresslevel} \NC integer \NC 9 \NC best \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfobjcompresslevel} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC no object streams \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfdecimaldigits} \NC integer \NC 4 \NC max. \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfimageresolution} \NC integer \NC 72 \NC dpi \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpkresolution} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC 72\,dpi \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpkmode} \NC token reg.\NC empty \NC mode set in \type{mktex.cnf} \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfuniqueresname} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfprotrudechars} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfgentounicode} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfmajorversion} \NC integer \NC 1 \NC output \PDF\ 1.4 by default \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfminorversion} \NC integer \NC 4 \NC \PDF\ 1.4 \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpagebox} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfforcepagebox} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfinclusionerrorlevel} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-\NC \type{\pdfhorigin} \NC dimension \NC 1\,in \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfvorigin} \NC dimension \NC 1\,in \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpagewidth} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpageheight} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-%\NC \type{\pdffirstlineheight} \NC dimention \NC -1000\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-%\NC \type{\pdflastlinedepth} \NC dimention \NC -1000\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-%\NC \type{\pdfeachlineheight} \NC dimention \NC -1000\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-%\NC \type{\pdfeachlinedepth} \NC dimention \NC -1000\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdflinkmargin} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfdestmargin} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfthreadmargin} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfmapfile} \NC text \NC \filename{pdftex.map} \NC not dumped\NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable[here][tbl:configparms]
- {The set of \PDFTEX\ configuration parameters.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-\startbuffer
-\tx\setupinterlinespace
-\startframedtext
-\starttyping
-% tex-ini-files 2016-04-15: pdftexconfig.tex
-
-% Load shared (PDF) settings in pdfTeX
-
-% Enable PDF output
-\pdfoutput = 1
-
-% Paper size: dimensions given in absolute terms
-\pdfpageheight = 11 true in
-\pdfpagewidth = 8.5 true in
-
-% Enable PDF 1.5 output and thus more compression
-\pdfminorversion = 5
-\pdfobjcompresslevel = 2
-
-% Low-level settings unlikely ever to need to change
-\pdfcompresslevel = 9
-\pdfdecimaldigits = 3
-\pdfpkresolution = 600
-\pdfhorigin = 1 true in
-\pdfvorigin = 1 true in
-\stoptyping
-\stopframedtext
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placefigure[here][in:pdftexconfig]
- {\PDFTEX\ configuration file for \TEXLIVE\ (\filename{pdftexconfig.tex}).}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-Independent of whether such a configuration file is read or not, the
-first action in a \PDFTEX\ run is that the program reads the global
-\WEBC\ configuration file (\filename{texmf.cnf}), which is common to all
-programs in the \WEBC\ system. This file mainly defines file search
-paths, the memory layout (\eg\ string pool and hash size), and a few
-other general parameters.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Creating format files}
-
-\startbuffer
-\tx\setupinterlinespace
-\startframedtext
-\starttyping
-% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
-\input etex.src
-\dump
-\endinput
-\stoptyping
-\stopframedtext
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placefigure[here][in:etexini]
- {File \type{etex.ini} for the plain \ETEX\ format with \DVI\ output.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-\startbuffer
-\tx\setupinterlinespace
-\startframedtext
-\starttyping
-% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
-% This is used for pdftex and pdfetex, which are now identical:
-% both with e-TeX extensions, both with pdf (and dvi) output.
-\input pdftexconfig.tex
-\input etex.src
-\input pdftexmagfix.tex
-\dump
-\endinput
-\stoptyping
-\stopframedtext
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placefigure[here][in:pdfetexini]
- {File \type{pdfetex.ini} for plain \ETEX\ with \PDF\ output.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-\startbuffer
-\tx\setupinterlinespace
-\startframedtext
-\starttyping
-% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
-\input pdftexconfig.tex
-\scrollmode
-\input latex.ltx
-\endinput
-\stoptyping
-\stopframedtext
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placefigure[here][in:pdflatexini]
- {File \type{pdflatex.ini} for the \LATEX\ format with \PDF\ output.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-The \PDFTEX\ engine supports building formats for \DVI\ and \PDF\ output
-in the same way as the classical \TEX\ engine does for \DVI. Format
-generation (and other \type{initex} features) is enabled by the
-\type{-ini} option. The default mode (\DVI\ or \PDF) can be chosen
-either on the command line by setting the option \type{-output-format}
-to \type{dvi} or \type{pdf}, or by setting the \type{\pdfoutput}
-parameter. The format file then inherits this setting, so that a later
-invocation of \PDFTEX\ with this format starts in the preselected mode
-(which still can be overridden). A format file can be read in only by
-the engine that has generated it; a format incompatible with an engine
-leads to a fatal error.
-
-It is customary to package the configuration and macro file input
-into a \type{.ini} file. \Eg, the file \type{etex.ini} in
-\in{figure}[in:etexini] is for generating an \ETEX\ format with \DVI\
-output. It has been traditional for many years to generate
-\type{etex.fmt} with \PDFTEX\ rather than the original \ETEX, because
-\PDFTEX\ contains a few additional programming and other
-non-\PDF-related features on which people have come to rely.
-
-The \type{pdfetex.ini} file \in{figure}[in:etexini] shows the
-corresponding format with \PDF\ output by default; this is what creates
-the format file read when \type{pdftex} is normally invoked.
-
-Finally, \type{pdflatex.ini} \in{figure}[in:pdflatexini] shows how the
-\LATEX\ format with \PDF\ output by default is generated.
-
-The corresponding \PDFTEX\ calls for format generation are:
-
-\starttyping
-pdftex -ini *etex.ini
-pdftex -ini *pdfetex.ini
-pdftex -ini *pdflatex.ini
-\stoptyping
-
-These calls produce format files \filename{etex.fmt},
-\filename{pdfetex.fmt}, and \filename{pdflatex.fmt}, as the default
-format file name is taken from the input file name. You can override
-this with the \type{-jobname} option. The asterisk \type{*} before the
-file name is an unusual flag, only used in \type{-ini} mode, which
-causes the \PDFTEX\ engine to enable \ETEX's features.
-
-Incidentally, as of \PDFTEX\ 1.40.21 (\TEX\ Live 2020), \filename{.fmt}
-files are compressed with \type{zlib}. This makes for a considerable
-savings in space, and consequently in time.
-
-\subsection{Testing the installation}
-
-When everything is set up, you can test the installation. A simple test
-of plain \PDFTEX\ is:
-
-\starttyping
-pdftex story \\end
-\stoptyping
-
-This should typeset the famous one-page short story by A.U. Thor.
-
-A more thorough and descriptive test is the plain \TEX\ test file
-\filename{samplepdf.tex}, available in the distribution in the
-\type{samplepdftex/} directory. Process this file by typing:
-
-\starttyping
-pdftex samplepdf
-\stoptyping
-
-If the installation is ok, this should produce a file called
-\filename{samplepdf.pdf}. The file \filename {samplepdf.tex} is a good
-place to look for examples of how to use \PDFTEX's primitives.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Common problems}
-
-The most common problem with installations is that \PDFTEX\ complains
-that something cannot be found. In such cases make sure that
-\type{TEXMFCNF} is set correctly, so \PDFTEX\ can find \filename
-{texmf.cnf}. The next best place to look|/|edit is the file
-\type{texmf.cnf}. When still in deep trouble, set
-\type{KPATHSEA_DEBUG=255} before running \PDFTEX\ or use the option
-\type{-kpathsea-debug 255}. This will cause \PDFTEX\ to write a lot of
-debugging information that can be useful to trace problems. More options
-can be found in the \WEBC\ documentation.
-
-Variables in \filename {texmf.cnf} can be overwritten by environment
-variables. Here are some of the most common problems you can encounter when
-getting started:
-
-\startitemize
-
-\head \type{I can't find the format file `pdftex.fmt'!} \crlf
- \type{I can't find the format file `pdflatex.fmt'!}
-
- The format file is not created (see above how to do that) or
- is not properly placed. Make sure that \type{TEXFORMATS} in
- \filename {texmf.cnf} contains the path to \filename {pdftex.fmt}
- or \filename {pdflatex.fmt}.
-
-\head \type{Fatal format file error; I'm stymied}
-
- This appears \eg\ if you forgot to regenerate the \type{.fmt}
- files after installing a new version of the \PDFTEX\ binary.
- The first line tells by which engine the offending format was generated.
-
-\head \PDFTEX\ cannot find one or more map files (\type{*.map}),
- encoding vectors (\type{*.enc}), virtual fonts, Type~1 fonts,
- TrueType or OpenType fonts, or some image file.
-
- Make sure that the required file exists and the corresponding variable
- in \filename {texmf.cnf} contains a path to the file. See above which
- variables \PDFTEX\ needs apart from the ones \TEX\ uses.
-
- When you have installed new fonts, and your \PDF\ viewer complains
- about missing fonts, you should take a look at the log file produced
- by \PDFTEX. Missing fonts, map files, encoding vectors as well as
- missing characters (glyphs) are reported there.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-Normally the page content takes one object. This means that one seldom
-finds more than a few hundred objects in a simple file. This \PDFTEX\
-manual for instance uses approx.~750 objects. In more complex applications
-this number can grow quite rapidly, especially when one uses a lot of
-widget annotations, shared annotations or other shared things. In any
-case \PDFTEX's internal object table size will automatically grow to the
-required size (the parameter \type{obj_tab_size} for manual control of
-the object table size is now obsolete and ignored).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\stopbodymatter
-
-%D Only abbreviations actually used will end up in the following list.
-
-\startbackmatter
-
-\writebetweenlist[section]{\blank[line]}
-
-\section{Abbreviations}
-
-In this document we use numerous abbreviations. For convenience we give
-their meanings here.
-
-\placelistofabbreviations
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\start \setupalign[nothanging,nohz]
-
-\section{Examples of HZ and protruding}
-
-In the following sections we will demonstrate \PDFTEX's protruding and
-\HZ\ features, using a text from E.~Tufte. This sample text has a lot
-of punctuation and often needs hyphenation. Former \PDFTEX\ versions
-had sometimes problems with combining these features, but from version
-1.21a on it should be ok. If you still encounter problems, please try
-to prepare a small test file that demonstrates the problem and send it
-to one of the maintainers.
-
-\startbuffer
- \input tufte
- \blank[big]
- \startcolumns
- \input tufte
- \stopcolumns
-\stopbuffer
-
-\subsection{Normal} \start \getbuffer \stop
-\subsection{HZ} \start \setupalign[hz] \getbuffer \stop
-\subsection{Protruding} \start \setupalign[hanging] \getbuffer \stop
-\subsection{Both} \start \setupalign[hz,hanging] \getbuffer \stop
-
-\stop
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Colophon}
-
-This manual is typeset in \CONTEXT. One can generate an A4 version from
-the source code by typing:
-
-\starttyping
-texexec --result=pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-t
-\stoptyping
-
-Or for letter size:
-
-\starttyping
-texexec --mode=letter --result=pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-t
-\stoptyping
-
-Given that the A4 version is typeset, one can generate an A5 booklet by
-typing:
-
-\starttyping
-texexec --pdfarrange --paper=a5a4 --print=up --addempty=1,2
- --result=pdftex-b.pdf pdftex-a
-\stoptyping
-
-Odd and even page sets for non-duplex printers can be generated using
-\type{-}\type{-pages=odd} and \type{-}\type{-pages=even} options
-(which might require some disciplined shuffling of sheet).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\page
-
-\definehead[gnusection][subsection]
-\definehead[gnusubject][subsubject]
-
-\setuphead[gnusection,gnusubject][style=\bfa,before=\blank,after=\blank,align={right,broad,nothyphenated}]
-
-\setuphead[gnusection][ownnumber=yes]
-
-\section{GNU Free Documentation License}
-
-\startnotmode[screen]
- \switchtobodyfont[6.4pt] % squeeze everything onto two pages}
- \setuplayout[grid=yes]
- \setupcolumns[n=7]
-\stopnotmode
-
-\startmode[screen]
- \setupcolumns[n=2]
-\stopmode
-
-\startcolumns[tolerance=verytolerant,distance=10pt] \widowpenalty10000 \clubpenalty10000
-
-\startlines
-Version 1.2, November 2002
-Copyright \copyright\ 2000, 2001, 2002
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
-Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-\stoplines
-
-Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
-of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-\gnusubject{Preamble}
-
-The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
-functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to
-assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
-with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
-Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
-to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
-for modifications made by others.
-
-This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
-works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
-complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
-license designed for free software.
-
-We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
-software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
-program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
-software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
-it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
-whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
-principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
-
-\gnusection{1}{APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS}
-
-This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
-contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
-distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants
-a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
-work under the conditions stated herein. The {\bf ``Document''}, below,
-refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is
-a licensee, and is addressed as {\bf ``you''}. You accept the license if you
-copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
-under copyright law.
-
-A {\bf ``Modified Version''} of the Document means any work containing the
-Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
-modifications and/or translated into another language.
-
-A {\bf ``Secondary Section''} is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
-the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
-publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
-(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
-within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part
-a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
-mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
-connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
-commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
-them.
-
-The {\bf ``Invariant Sections''} are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
-are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
-that says that the Document is released under this License. If
-a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
-allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
-Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
-Sections then there are none.
-
-The {\bf ``Cover Texts''} are certain short passages of text that are listed,
-as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
-the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
-be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
-
-A {\bf ``Transparent''} copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
-represented in a format whose specification is available to the
-general public, that is suitable for revising the document
-straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
-pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
-drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
-for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
-to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
-format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
-or discourage subsequent modification by PDF viewers is not Transparent.
-An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
-of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called {\bf ``Opaque''}.
-
-Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
-ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
-or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
-HTML, \POSTSCRIPT\ or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
-transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
-include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
-proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
-processing tools are not generally available, and the
-machine-generated HTML, \POSTSCRIPT\ or PDF produced by some word
-processors for output purposes only.
-
-The {\bf ''Title Page''} means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
-plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
-this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
-formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
-the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
-preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
-
-A section {\bf ``Entitled XYZ''} means a named subunit of the Document whose
-title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
-text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for
-a specific section name mentioned below, such as {\bf ``Acknowledgements''},
-{\bf ``Dedications''}, {\bf ``Endorsements''}, or {\bf ``History''}.)
-To {\bf ``Preserve the Title''}
-of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains
-a section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
-
-The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
-states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
-Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
-License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
-implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
-no effect on the meaning of this License.
-
-
-\gnusection{2}{VERBATIM COPYING}
-
-You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
-commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
-copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
-to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
-conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
-technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
-copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
-compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
-number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
-
-You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
-you may publicly display copies.
-
-
-\gnusection{3}{COPYING IN QUANTITY}
-
-If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
-printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
-Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
-copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
-Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
-the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
-you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
-the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
-visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
-Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
-the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
-as verbatim copying in other respects.
-
-If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
-legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
-reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
-pages.
-
-If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
-more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
-copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
-a computer-network location from which the general network-using
-public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
-a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
-If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
-when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
-that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
-location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
-Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
-edition to the public.
-
-It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
-Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
-them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
-
-
-\gnusection{4}{MODIFICATIONS}
-
-You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
-the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
-the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
-Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
-and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
-of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
-
-\startitemize[A,packed]
-\item
- Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
- from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
- (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
- of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
- if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
-
-\item
- List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
- responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
- Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
- Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
- unless they release you from this requirement.
-
-\item
- State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
- Modified Version, as the publisher.
-
-\item
- Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
-
-\item
- Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
- adjacent to the other copyright notices.
-
-\item
- Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
- giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
- terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
-
-\item
- Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
- and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
-
-\item
- Include an unaltered copy of this License.
-
-\item
- Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
- to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
- publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
- there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
- stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
- given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
- Version as stated in the previous sentence.
-
-\item
- Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
- public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
- the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
- it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
- You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
- least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
- publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
-
-\item
- For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
- Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
- the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
- and/or dedications given therein.
-
-\item
- Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
- unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
- or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
-
-\item
- Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
- may not be included in the Modified Version.
-
-\item
- Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements''
- or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
-
-\item
- Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
-\stopitemize
-
-If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
-appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
-copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
-of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
-list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
-These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
-
-You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
-nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
-parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
-been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of
-a standard.
-
-You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and
-a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
-of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
-Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
-through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
-includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
-by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
-you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
-permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
-
-The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
-give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
-imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
-
-\gnusection{5}{COMBINING DOCUMENTS}
-
-You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
-License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
-versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
-Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
-list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
-license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
-
-The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
-multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
-copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
-different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
-adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
-author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
-Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
-Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
-
-In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
-in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
-``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
-and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all sections
-Entitled ``Endorsements''.
-
-\gnusection{6}{COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS}
-
-You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
-released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
-License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
-the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
-verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
-
-You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
-it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
-License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
-other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
-
-\gnusection{7}{AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS}
-
-A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
-and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
-distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
-resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
-of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
-When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
-apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
-derivative works of the Document.
-
-If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
-copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
-the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
-covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
-electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
-Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
-aggregate.
-
-\gnusection{8}{TRANSLATION}
-
-Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
-distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
-Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
-permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
-translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
-original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include
-a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
-Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
-the original English version of this License and the original versions
-of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
-the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
-or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
-
-If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
-``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
-its Title (section~1) will typically require changing the actual
-title.
-
-\gnusection{9}{TERMINATION}
-
-You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
-as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
-copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
-automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
-parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
-License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
-parties remain in full compliance.
-
-\gnusection{10}{FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE}
-
-The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
-of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
-versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
-differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
-https:/\!/gnu.org/copyleft/.
-
-Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
-If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
-License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
-following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
-of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
-Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
-number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
-as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
-\stopcolumns
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\stopbackmatter
-
-%D And then we're done.
-
-% Evidently ConTeXt somewhere sets \pdfgentounicode=1. Or something.
-% So insert the mappings. Seems like a good thing anyway.
-\input glyphtounicode
-\stoptext
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex.tex
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,4354 @@
+% pdfTeX manual, rewritten in LaTeX from the ConTeXt original,
+% Karl Berry, 2023. Content not significantly changed.
+% Released under the GFDL v1.2+, same as the ConTeXt version.
+%
+% Not quite tagging-ready, numerous warnings like:
+% Package tagpdf Warning: The structure Sect can not be closed.
+% and ends with:
+% ./pdftex.tex:4336: Package tagpdf Error: The number of automatic begin
+% (1351) and end (1352) ...
+%
+%\DocumentMetadata{testphase={phase-III,table}}
+\documentclass{pdftexmanual}
+\svnscan $Id: pdftex.tex 921 2024-02-02 02:14:32Z karl $
+
+%
+\title{The pdf\TeX\ user manual}
+\author{\THANH\ and others}
+\date{\PDFTEX\ \currentpdftex\\
+ \hspace*{1em}\\ \today\\
+ \hspace*{1em}\\ \url{https://pdftex.org}
+ }
+
+\begin{document}
+\hypersetup{pageanchor=false} % avoid hyperref duplicate page.1 warning
+\maketitle
+\hypersetup{pageanchor=true} % https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/18924
+\setcounter{page}{2}
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\chapter{Introduction}
+
+The main purpose of the \PDFTEX\ project is to create and maintain an
+extension of \TEX\ that can produce \PDF\ output directly from \TEX\
+source files and improve\slash enhance the result of \TEX\ typesetting
+with the help of \PDF\ output. When \PDF\ output is not selected,
+\PDFTEX\ produces standard \DVI\ output. An important aspect of the
+project is to investigate alternative justification algorithms; notably,
+the margin kerning and font expansion algorithms following the \HZ\
+micro\hyph typography algorithm by Prof.~Hermann Zapf.
+
+\PDFTEX\ is maintained by \THANH, the original author, and others. The
+\PDFTEX\ home page is \useurl{ptexorg}. Please send bug reports,
+suggestions, etc., to the mailing list (\useurl{ptexbugs}).
+
+\PDFTEX\ is based on the original \TEX\ sources and \WEBC, and has been
+successfully compiled on \UNIX, \WIN\ and many other systems. It is
+actively maintained, with great care taken to keep new \PDFTEX\ versions
+backward\hyph compatible with earlier ones.
+
+A conservative successor to \TEX, named \ETEX, was developed in the
+1990s. Since \PDFTEX\ version 1.40, the \ETEX\ extensions are compiled
+as part of the \PDFTEX\ engine and thus always available. For
+documentation on the \ETEX\ extensions, see \useurl{etexctan}.
+
+Furthermore, \PDFTEX\ itself has acquired plenty of extensions over the
+years which are not related specifically to \PDF\ output, generally new
+primitives for various features that are inconvenient or impossible to
+implement at the \TEX\ level. Many of these extensions have been adopted
+across all engines (sometimes with different primitive names or variant
+functionality), and some are required by \LATEX. Therefore, in most
+distributions \type{etex} is a link to \type{pdftex}; the difference
+being whether \DVI\ or \PDF\ output is generated by default.
+
+Other extensions are \MLTEX\ and \ENCTEX; these are also included in the
+\PDFTEX\ implementation, although they are rarely used for new documents.
+
+\PDFTEX\ does not natively support \UTFEIGHT\ input text,
+Unicode-encoded fonts, or anything else related to Unicode, as it was
+written long before Unicode became widespread. Making those changes to
+the engine now would necessarily create unacceptable incompatibilities,
+so there are no plans to do so. Thus, when using \PDFTEX, \LaTeX\ and
+other formats handle \UTFEIGHT\ (and other) input at the \TEX\ macro
+level, which works well enough in practice for most documents. It is
+also possible to use TrueType and OpenType fonts with \PDFTEX, if you
+choose an 8-bit subset to be encoded.
+
+If you need a \TeX\ engine with native support for Unicode input,
+TrueType fonts, OpenType fonts, please look into \LUATEX\
+(\useurl{luatex}) or \XETEX\ (\useurl{xetex}).
+
+\section{About this manual}
+
+This manual revision (\rcsrevision) covers \PDFTEX\ development up to
+version \currentpdftex. The primary repository for both the manual and
+the \PDFTEX\ sources is \useurl{ptexdevel}. The typeset manual in \PDF\
+format can be found on \CTAN\ in \useurl{ptexctan}.
+
+Thanks to the many people who have contributed to the manual.
+Improvements are always possible, and bugs not unlikely.
+Please send questions or suggestions via email at \useurl{ptexbugs}.
+
+\section{Legal notice}
+
+Copyright \copyright\ 1996--2024 \THANH.
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
+or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
+A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+Free Documentation License''.
+
+\section{About \PDF}
+
+Let's start with a very brief introduction to \PDF\ format. For our
+example, the bit of \TeX\ source below (figure~\ref{fig.titlesource})
+generates the nearly-minimal \PDF\ file shown on the next page
+(figure~\ref{fig.titleout}). Since compression is disabled, such a
+\PDF\ file is rather verbose and readable. The first line
+(\texttt{\%PDF-1.4}) specifies the \PDF\ version used. \PDF\ viewers are
+supposed to silently skip over all elements they cannot handle.
+
+\begin{figure}[b]
+\bigskip
+\hrule
+\medskip
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \pdfoutput=1
+ \pdfcompresslevel=0
+ \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+ \pdfmapline{ptmr8r Times-Roman 2 <8r.enc}
+ \font\tenrm=ptmr8r
+ \tenrm
+ Welcome to pdf\TeX!
+ \end
+\end{verbatim}
+\vspace{-\baselineskip}
+\caption{This plain \TeX\ source generates \PDF\ output shown in
+ figure~\ref{fig.titleout}.}
+\label{fig.titlesource}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[p]
+% Why isn't \vsize enough?
+\includegraphics[height=1.27\vsize,alt={small PDF file}]
+ {incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf}
+\caption{The \PDF\ output for the \TeX\ source in figure~\ref{fig.titlesource}.}
+\label{fig.titleout}
+\end{figure}
+
+A \PDF\ file consists of objects. These objects can be recognized by their
+number and keywords. For example, over in the second column, we can see
+(modulo editorial line breaks):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+9 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 5 0 R >> endobj
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Here \verb|9 0 obj ... endobj| is the object capsule. The first number
+is the object number (no.~9). The sequence \verb|5 0 R| is an object
+reference, that is, a pointer to another object (no.~5). The second
+number (here a zero) is currently not used in \PDFTEX; it is the version
+number of the object. It is, for instance, used by \PDF\ editors, when
+they replace objects by new ones.
+
+When a viewer opens a \PDF\ file, it goes to the end of the file,
+looking for the keyword \type{startxref}. The number after
+\type{startxref} gives the absolute position (byte offset from the file
+start) of the so\hyph called ``object cross-reference table'' that
+begins with the keyword \type{xref}. This table in turn tells the byte
+offsets of all objects that make up the \PDF\ file, providing fast
+random access to the individual objects (here the \type{xref} table
+shows 11~objects, numbered from~0 to~10; object no.~0 is always unused).
+The actual starting point of the file's object structure is defined
+after the \type{trailer}: the \type{/Root} entry points to the
+\type{/Catalog} object (no.~9). In this object the viewer can find the
+pointer \type{/Pages} to the page list object (no.~5). In our example we
+have only one page. The trailer also usually holds an \type{/Info}
+entry, which points to an object (no.~10) with a bit more about the
+document. We can follow the thread:
+
+\begin{quote}
+\type{/Root} $\longrightarrow$ object~9 $\longrightarrow$
+\type{/Pages} $\longrightarrow$ object~5 $\longrightarrow$
+\type{/Kids} $\longrightarrow$ object~2 $\longrightarrow$
+\type{/Contents} $\longrightarrow$ object~3
+\end{quote}
+
+As soon as we add annotations, a fancy word for hyperlinks and the like,
+some more entries will be present in the catalog. We invite users to
+take a look at the \PDF\ code of this file to get an impression of that.
+
+The page content is a stream of drawing operations. Such a stream can be
+compressed, where the level of compression can be set with
+\cs{pdfcompresslevel} (compression is switched off for the title page).
+Let's take a closer look at this stream in object~3. Often (but not in
+our example) there is a transformation matrix, six numbers followed by
+\type{cm}. As in \POSTSCRIPT, the operator comes after the operands.
+Between \type{BT} and \type{ET} comes the text. A font is selected by a
+\type{Tf} operator, which is given a font resource name \type{/F..} and
+the font size. The actual text goes into parentheses \type{()} so that
+it creates a \POSTSCRIPT\ string. The numbers in bracket pairs provide
+horizontal movements like spaces and fine glyph positioning (kerning).
+When one analyzes a file produced by a less sophisticated typesetting
+engine, whole sequences of words can be recognized. In \PDF\ files
+generated by \PDFTEX\ however, many words come out rather fragmented,
+mainly because a lot of kerning takes place; in our example the
+\type{80} moves the text \type{(elcome)} left towards the letter
+\type{(W)} by 80/1000 of the font size. \PDF\ viewers in search mode
+simply ignore the kerning information in these text streams. When a
+document is searched, the search engine reconstructs the text from these
+(string) snippets.
+
+Every \type{/Page} object points also to a \type{/Resources} object
+(no.~1) that gives all ingredients needed to assemble the page. In our
+example only a \type{/Font} object (no.~4) is referenced, which in turn
+tells that the text is typeset in \type{/Font} \type{/Times-Roman}. The
+\type{/Font} object points also to a \type{/Widths} array (object no.~7)
+that tells for each character by how much the viewer must move forward
+horizontally after typesetting a glyph.
+
+More details about the font can be found in the \type{/FontDescriptor}
+object (no.~8); if a font file is embedded, this object points to the
+font program stream. But as the Times-Roman font used for our example is
+one of the 14 so\hyph called standard fonts that should always be present in
+any \PDF\ viewer and therefore need not be embedded in the \PDF\ file,
+it is left out here for brevity. However, when we use for instance a
+Computer Modern Roman font, we have to make sure that this font is later
+available to the \PDF\ viewer, and the best way to do this is to embed
+the font. It's highly recommended nowadays to embed even the standard
+fonts; you can't know how it looks exactly at the viewer side unless you
+embed every font.
+
+In this simple file we don't specify in what way the file should be
+opened, for instance full screen or clipped. A closer look at the page
+object no.~2 (\type{/Type/Page}) shows that a mediabox
+(\type{/MediaBox}) is part of the page description. A mediabox acts like
+the (high-resolution) bounding box in a \POSTSCRIPT\ file. \PDFTEX\
+users can add dictionary entries to page objects with the
+\cs{pdfpageattr} primitive.
+
+Although in most cases macro packages will shield users from these
+internals, \PDFTEX\ provides access to many of the entries described
+here, either automatically by translating the \TEX\ data structures into
+\PDF\ ones, or manually by pushing entries to the catalog, page, info or
+self-created objects. One can for instance create an object by using
+\cs{pdfobj}, after which \cs{pdflastobj} returns its number. So
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfobj { << /Type/ExtGState /LW 2 >> }
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent inserts an object into the \PDF\ file (it creates a ``graphics
+state'' object setting the line width to 2~units), and \cs{pdflastobj}
+now returns the number \PDFTEX\ assigned to this object. Unless objects
+are referenced by others, they will just end up as isolated entities,
+not doing any real harm but bloating the \PDF\ file.
+
+In general this rather direct way of pushing objects in the \PDF\ files
+by primitives like \cs{pdfobj} is not very useful, and only makes
+sense when implementing, say, fill\hyph in field support or annotation
+content reuse. We will come to that later.
+
+Of course, this is just the barest introduction to \PDF\ format. For
+those who want to learn more about technical \PDF\ details, the best bet
+is to read the \PDFReference\ (\useurl{pdfreference}).
+
+We turn now to the specifics of \PDFTEX.
+
+\chapter{Invoking \PDFTEX}
+
+\PDFTEX\ has many command line options and can use many environment
+variables and configuration file settings. Except for the simple and
+rarely-used \type{-draftmode} and \type{-output-format} options, they
+are all inherited from the common framework for \TeX\ engines as
+implemented in \WEBC\ and Kpathsea. Their documentation is available at
+\useurl{webc} and \useurl{kpathsea}.
+
+Two additional environment variables need more description here: first,
+\type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} (introduced in version 1.40.17, 2016). If this
+is set, it must be a positive integer (with one trivial exception: if it
+is set but empty, that is equivalent to 0). Non-integer values cause a
+fatal error. The value is used as the current time in seconds since the
+usual Unix ``epoch'': the beginning of 1970-01-01, UTC. Thus, a value of
+\type{32} would result in a \type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate}
+values of \type{19700101000032Z}. This is useful for reproducible builds
+of documents. (See also \cs{pdfinfoomitdate}, \cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo},
+et al.)
+
+The second, related, environment variable is \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE}.
+If this is set to~\type{1}, \TEX's time-related primitives are also
+initialized from the value of \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}. These primitives
+are \cs{year}, \cs{month}, \cs{day}, and \cs{time}. If
+\type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} is not set, setting \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE}
+has no effect. If \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} is unset, set to the empty
+string, or set to~\type{0}, the primitives reflect the current time as
+usual. Any other value elicits a warning, and the current time is used.
+This is useful if one wants to make reproducible \PDF{}s for a set
+of documents without changing them in any way, \eg\ an operating system
+distribution with manuals that use \cs{today}. Except in such unusual
+circumstances, it is better not to set this, and let the \TEX\
+primitives retain the meaning they have always had.
+
+In addition, if both \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
+\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} are set, \cs{pdffilemoddate} returns a value
+in UTC, ending in \type{Z}. (The values of the environment variables are
+irrelevant in this case.)
+
+Finally, just to have the list of options and basic invocation at hand,
+here is a verbatim listing of the \type{--help} and \type{--version}
+output. All options can be specified with one or two dashes and
+unambiguously abbreviated.
+
+\myverbatiminput{incl/pdftex-help.txt}
+
+\section{Macro packages supporting \PDFTEX}
+
+Currently all mainstream macro packages offer \PDFTEX\ support, with
+automatic detection of \PDFTEX\ as engine. So there is normally no need
+to turn on \PDFTEX\ support explicitly.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item For \LATEX\ users, the \type {hyperref} package (originally
+ written by Sebastian Rahtz and Heiko Oberdiek; now maintained by
+ the \LaTeX\ team, has substantial support for \PDFTEX\ and
+ provides access to most of its features. In the simplest and most
+ common case, the user merely needs to load \type{hyperref}, and
+ all cross\hyph references will be converted to \PDF\ hypertext
+ links. \PDF\ output is automatically selected, compression is
+ turned on, and the \PDF\ page size is set up correctly. Bookmarks
+ are created to match the table of contents.
+
+\item The standard \LATEX\ packages \type{graphics}, \type{graphicx}, and
+ \type{color} also have built-in \PDFTEX\ support, which allows
+ use of color, text rotation, and graphics inclusion commands.
+
+\item The \CONTEXT\ MkII system by Hans Hagen has full support
+ for \PDFTEX\ in its generalized hypertext features.
+ The latest \CONTEXT\ supports advanced \PDF\ output, but
+ uses a engine (\LMTX).
+
+\item \PDF\ from \GNU\ \TEXINFO\ documents can be created by running
+ \PDFTEX\ on the \TEXINFO\ file, instead of \TEX. Alternatively,
+ run the shell command \type{texi2pdf} instead of \type{texi2dvi}.
+
+\item For plain \TEX\ users, the \filename{miniltx.tex} file from the
+ \type{graphics-pln} package allows loading \type{graphics},
+ \type{graphicx}, and \type{color}. \EPLAIN\ provides additional
+ support for hyperlinks.
+
+\item A modification of \filename {webmac.tex}, named \filename
+ {pdfwebmac.tex}, allows production of hyperlinked \PDF\ versions
+ of the literate source code written in \WEB, such as \PDFTEX.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+For \TeX\ developers: as \PDFTEX\ generates the final \PDF\ output
+without help of a postprocessor, macro packages that take care of these
+\PDF\ features have to be set up properly. Tasks include handling color,
+graphics, hyperlink support, threading, fonts, page imposition and
+manipulation. All of these \PDF\hyph specific tasks can be controlled by
+\PDFTEX's own primitives (a few also by a \PDFTEX\hyph specific
+\verb|\special{pdf: ...}|). Any other \cs{special} commands, like the
+ones defined for various \DVI\ postprocessors, are simply ignored by
+\PDFTEX\ when in \PDF\ output mode; a warning is given for non\hyph
+empty \cs{special} commands.
+
+When a macro package written for classical \TEX\ with \DVI\ output is to
+be modified for use with \PDFTEX, it is helpful to get some insight to
+what extent \PDFTEX\hyph specific support is needed. This info can be
+gathered, for instance, by outputting the various \cs{special} commands
+via \cs{message}. as in:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfoutput=1 \let\special\message
+\end{verbatim}
+
+or, if this leads to confusion,
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfoutput=1 \def\special#1{\write16{special: #1}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+and see what happens. As soon as one \type{special:} message turns up,
+one knows for sure that some kind of \PDFTEX\hyph specific support is
+needed, and often the message itself gives a indication of what is
+needed.
+
+\chapter{Setting up fonts}
+
+\PDFTEX\ can work with Type~1 and TrueType fonts (and to a small extent
+also with OpenType fonts). Font files should be available and embedded
+for all fonts used in the generated \PDF. It is possible to use
+\METAFONT\hyph generated fonts in \PDFTEX---but it is strongly
+recommended not to use these fonts if an equivalent is available in
+Type~1 or TrueType format, if only because bitmap Type~3 fonts render
+poorly under enlargement.
+
+\section{Map files}
+\label{sec.mapfile}
+
+Font map files provide the connection between \TEX\ \TFM\ font files
+and outline font file names. They contain also information about
+re\hyph encoding arrays, partial font embedding (``subsetting''), and
+character transformation parameters (like SlantFont and ExtendFont). Those
+map files were first created for \DVI\ postprocessors. But, as \PDFTEX\
+in \PDF\ output mode includes all \PDF\ processing steps, it also needs
+to know about font mapping, and therefore reads in one or more map files.
+Map files are not read in when \PDFTEX\ is in \DVI\ mode. Bitmap fonts
+can (and normally should) be used without being listed in the map file.
+
+By default, \PDFTEX\ reads the map file \filename{pdftex.map}. In \WEBC,
+map files are searched for using the \type{TEXFONTMAPS} config file value
+and environment variable. By default, the current directory and various
+system directories are searched.
+
+Within the map file, each font is listed on a single line. The syntax of
+each line is upward\hyph compatible with \type{dvips} map files and can contain
+the following fields (some are optional; explanations follow):
+
+\begin{quote}
+\varname{tfmname psname fontflags special encodingfile fontfile}
+\end{quote}
+
+Here are two (real-world) examples. All the values are explained in
+detail in the following.
+
+{\small \begin{verbatim}
+cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10.pfb
+ptmr8y NimbusRomNo9L-Regu " TeXnANSIEncoding ReEncodeFont " <texnansi.enc <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+\par % needed for tagging; alternative: \begin{small}...\end{small}
+ % another alternative: \AddToHookNext{env/verbatim/begin}{\small}
+}
+
+It is mandatory that \varname{tfmname} is the first field. If a
+\varname{psname} is given, it must be the second field. Similarly if
+\varname{fontflags} is given it must be the third field (if
+\varname{psname} is present) or the second field (if \varname{psname} is
+left out). The positions of \varname{special}, \varname{encodingfile},
+and \varname{fontfile} can be mixed.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{tfmname}}
+\label{sec.map-tfmname}
+
+The \varname{tfmname} field specifies the name of the \TFM\ file for a
+font---the file name given in a \TEX\ \cs{font} command. This name must
+always be given, with no extension. Examples: \type{cmr10},
+\type{ptmr8y}.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{psname}}
+
+The \varname{psname} field specifies the \POSTSCRIPT\ (or other outline)
+font name, as defined within the outline font file. Examples:
+\type{CMR10}, \type{NimbusRomNo9L-Regu}. It is highly recommended to use
+the \varname{psname} field, but strictly speaking it is optional. It has
+two main uses.
+
+First, when a \PDF\ file is embedded by \cs{pdfximage}, the
+\type{/BaseFont} names in the font dictionaries of Type~1 and Type~1C
+(CFF) fonts from the embedded \PDF\ file are checked against this {\em
+psname} field. If names match, the glyphs of that font will not be
+copied from the embedded \PDF\ file, but instead a local font is opened,
+and all needed glyphs will be taken from the Type~1 font file that is
+mentioned in the map line (see \varname{fontfile} below). By this
+collecting mechanism Type~1 glyphs can be shared between several
+embedded \PDF\ files and with text that is typeset by \PDFTEX, which
+helps keep the resulting \PDF\ file size smaller, if many files with
+similar Type~1(C) fonts are embedded. Replacing Type~1 fonts from
+embedded \PDF\ files requires that also a Type~1 font file name is in
+the \varname{fontfile} field (see below).
+
+Second, if a font file is not to be embedded into the \PDF\ output
+(\varname{fontfile} field missing), then the \varname{psname} field will
+be copied to the \type{/BaseFont} and \type{/FontName} dictionary
+entries in the \PDF\ file, so that the \POSTSCRIPT\ font name will be
+known to viewers and other \PDF-reading applications.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \emph{fontflags}}
+
+The \emph{fontflags} field optionally specifies various characteristics
+of the font. The following description of these flags is taken, with
+slight modification, from the \PDFReference\ (the section on font
+descriptor flags). Viewers may adapt their rendering to these flags,
+especially when they substitute for a non-embedded font.
+
+The value of the flags key in a font descriptor is a 32-bit integer that
+contains a collection of boolean attributes. These attributes are true
+if the corresponding bit is set to~1. The following table specifies the
+meanings of the bits, with bit~1 being the least significant. Reserved
+bits must be set to zero.
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{cl}
+\bf bit position & \bf semantics \cr
+1 & Fixed-width font \cr
+2 & Serif font \cr
+3 & Symbolic font \cr
+4 & Script font \cr
+5 & Reserved \cr
+6 & Uses the Adobe Standard Roman character set \cr
+7 & Italic \cr
+8--16 & Reserved \cr
+17 & All-capitals font \cr
+18 & Small-capitals font \cr
+19 & Force bold at small text sizes \cr
+20--32 & Reserved \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+The first several bits specify the general type of font. All characters
+in a \emph{fixed-width} font (a.k.a.\ monospaced, typewriter) have the
+same width, while characters in a proportional font have different
+widths. Characters in a \emph{serif font} have short strokes drawn at an
+angle on the top and bottom of character stems, while sans serif fonts
+do not have such strokes. A \emph{symbolic font} contains symbols rather
+than letters and numbers. Characters in a \emph{script font} resemble
+cursive handwriting. An \emph{all-capitals} font, which is typically
+used for display purposes such as titles or headlines, contains no
+lowercase letters. It differs from a \emph{small-capitals} font in that
+characters in the latter, while also capital letters, have been sized
+and their proportions adjusted so that they have the same size and
+stroke weight as lowercase characters in the same typeface family.
+
+Bit~6 in the flags field indicates that the font's character set
+conforms to the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set, or a subset of that,
+and that it uses the standard names for those characters.
+
+Finally, bit~19 is used to determine whether or not bold characters are
+drawn with extra pixels even at very small text sizes. Typically, when
+characters are drawn at small sizes on very low resolution devices such
+as display screens, features of bold characters may appear only one pixel
+wide. Because this is the minimum feature width on a pixel\hyph based device,
+ordinary non\hyph bold characters also appear with one\hyph pixel wide features,
+and thus cannot be distinguished from bold characters. If bit~19 is set,
+features of bold characters may be thickened at small text sizes.
+
+If the \varname{fontflags} field is not given, and the font is embedded,
+\PDFTEX\ treats it as the value~4 (decimal, that is, bit position 3 is
+set), a symbolic font. For non-embedded fonts, the default value is
+\type{0x22}, a non-symbolic serif font. If you do not know the correct
+value, it is best not to specify it at all, as specifying a bad value of
+font flags may cause trouble in viewers. On the other hand this option
+is not absolutely useless because it provides backward compatibility
+with older map files (see the \varname{fontfile} description below).
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{special}}
+
+The \varname{special} field specifies font manipulations in the same way
+as \type{dvips}. Currently only the keywords \type{SlantFont} and
+\type{ExtendFont} are interpreted; other instructions (notably
+\type{ReEncodeFont} and its parameters, see \varname{encoding} below)
+are ignored. The permitted \type{SlantFont} range is $-1..1$; for
+\type{ExtendFont} it's $-2..2$. The text of the \varname{special} field
+must be enclosed by ASCII double quote characters: \type{"}.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{encodingfile}}
+
+The \varname{encodingfile} field specifies the name of the file
+containing the external encoding vector to be used for the font. The
+encoding file name must have the extension \type{.enc}, and the file
+name including extension must be given with either a preceding~\type{<}
+character or a preceding~\type{<[}. The format of the encoding vector is
+identical to that used by \type{dvips}. If no encoding is specified, the
+font's built\hyph in default encoding is used. The
+\varname{encodingfile} field may be omitted if you are sure that the
+font resource has the correct built-in encoding. In general this option
+is highly recommended, and it is required when subsetting a TrueType
+font.
+
+Starting with \PDFTEX\ version 1.40.19, an encoding file can also be
+specified for bitmap \PK\ fonts. In this case, it assigns the glyph
+names from the given encoding vector, which can be used with the
+\cs{pdfglyphtounicode} primitive (q.v.). For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfglyphtounicode{ffi}{0066 0066 0069} % normally: \input glyphtounicode
+\pdfgentounicode=1
+\pdfmapline{cmb10 <7t.enc}
+\font\cmb=cmb10 \cmb ffi
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The result is a \PDF\ file with a correctly-labeled \type{/ffi}
+character instead of the numeric character position in \type{cmb10.tfm}
+(decimal 14).
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{fontfile}}
+
+The \varname{fontfile} field sets the name of the font file to be
+embedded into the \PDF\ output for a given \TeX\ font; the
+\varname{tfmname}~$\leftrightarrow$~\varname{fontfile} mapping is the
+most prominent use of the \filename{pdftex.map} file.
+
+The font file name must refer to a Type~1 or TrueType font file. If the
+\varname{fontfile} field is missing, no font embedding can take place; a
+warning will be given, unless the \varname{psname} field contain one of
+the 14 standard font names. Not embedding all fonts in a \PDF\ file is
+troublesome, as this forces the \PDF\ viewer to use or synthesize a
+replacement, typically with awful results.
+
+The font file name should be preceded by one or two special characters,
+specifying how to handle the font file:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item If the font file name is preceded by a \type{<} character
+ (as in \type{<cmr10.pfb}), the font file will be only partially
+ embedded in the \PDF\ output (``subsetted''), meaning that only
+ used glyphs are written to the \PDF\ file. This is the most
+ common use and is \emph{strongly recommended} for any font, as it
+ ensures the portability and reduces the size of the \PDF\ output.
+ Subsetted fonts are included in such a way that name and cache
+ clashes are minimized.
+
+\item If the font file name is preceded by a double \type{<<}, the font
+ file will be included entirely---all glyphs of the font are
+ embedded, including even those not used in the document. Apart
+ from increasing the \PDF\ output size, this option may cause
+ troubles with TrueType fonts, so it is normally not recommended
+ for Type~1 or TrueType fonts. But this is currently the only mode
+ that allows the use of OpenType fonts. This mode might also be
+ useful in case the font is atypical and cannot be subsetted well
+ by \PDFTEX. {\em Beware: proprietary font vendors typically
+ forbid full font inclusion.}
+
+\item As of \PDFTEX\ version 1.40.0, if no special character precedes
+ the font file name, it is ignored, with a warning. You achieve
+ exactly the same \PDF\ result if you just remove the font file
+ name from the map entry. Then the glyph widths that go into the
+ \PDF~file are extracted from the \TFM~file, and a font descriptor
+ object is created that contains approximations of the font
+ metrics for the selected font.
+
+\item Specifying the {\em psname} and no font file name is only useful
+ as a last-ditch fallback when you do not want to embed the font
+ (\eg\ due to font license restrictions), but wish to use the font
+ metrics and let the \PDF\ viewer generate instances that look
+ close to the used font, in case the font resource is not
+ installed on the system where the \PDF\ output will be viewed or
+ printed. To use this feature, the font flags {\em must} be
+ specified, and it must have the bit~6 set on, which means that
+ only fonts with the Adobe Standard Roman character set can be
+ simulated. The only exception is the case of a symbolic font.
+ In these days of Unicode, these font approximations are not
+ likely to be useful.
+\end{itemize}
+
+If you encounter problematic lookups, for instance if \PDFTEX\ tries
+to open a \type{.pfa} file instead of a \type{.pfb}, you can add
+the suffix to the filename. In this respect, \PDFTEX\ completely relies
+on the Kpathsea library.
+
+For Type~1 and TrueType fonts, the font file will be included only once
+in the \PDF\ output, regardless of how many \TeX\ \cs{font} instances
+are used in the document. For instance, given
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\font\a = cmr12
+\font\b = cmr12 at 11pt
+\end{verbatim}
+
+the outline file \type{cmr12.pfb} will only be included once in the
+\PDF, and merely scaled down to create the instance for \cs{b}.
+
+If a used font is not present in the map files, \PDFTEX\ will try to use
+\PK~fonts as most \DVI\ drivers do, creating \PK~fonts on-the-fly if
+needed. This is the normal, and recommended, way to use bitmap fonts.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: summary}
+
+To summarize this rather complex story, let's look at some more example
+map lines. The most common way is to embed only a subset of glyphs from
+a font for a particular desired encoding, here~\type{8r}:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Without re-encoding it looks like this:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\type{SlantFont} and \type{ExtendFont} fields are specified as with
+\type{dvips}:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+psyro StandardSymL ".167 SlantFont" <usyr.pfb
+pcrr8rn Courier ".85 ExtendFont" <8r.enc <pcrr8a.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Entirely embed a font into the \PDF\ file without and with re-encoding
+(not typically useful):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+fmvr8x MarVoSym <<marvosym.pfb
+pgsr8r GillSans <8r.enc <<pgsr8a.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+
+A TrueType font can be used in the same way as a Type~1 font:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+verdana8r Verdana <8r.enc <verdana.ttf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Finally, a few cases with non-embedded fonts. If the font file is
+missing, the viewer application will have to use its own approximation
+of the missing font (with and without re-encoding):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ptmr8r Times-Roman <8r.enc
+psyr Symbol
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In the final example the numerical font flags (bit position 6) specify
+using the Adobe Standard Roman character set, so the viewer might try an
+approximation:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+pgsr8r GillSans 32
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Not embedding fonts is rather risky and should generally be avoided. The
+recommendation these days is to embed all fonts, even the 14 standard
+ones.
+
+\section{Helper tools for TrueType fonts: \texttt{ttf2afm}}
+
+As mentioned above, \PDFTEX\ can work with TrueType fonts. Defining
+TrueType fonts is similar to Type~1. The only extra thing to do with
+TrueType is to create a \TFM\ file. There is a program called
+\type{ttf2afm} in the \PDFTEX\ distribution which can be used to extract
+\AFM\ from TrueType fonts (another conversion program is
+\type{ttf2pt1}). Basic usage of \type{ttf2afm}:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ttf2afm -e encfile.enc -o output.afm input.ttf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+A TrueType file can be recognized by its suffix \filename{ttf}.
+If no \type{-o} option is given, \type{ttf2afm} writes the output \AFM\
+to standard output.
+
+The optional \varname{encfile} specifies the encoding, which is the same
+as the encoding vector used in map files for \PDFTEX\ and \type{dvips}.
+That is, it must be an 8-bit encoding, not Unicode. If the encoding is
+not given, all the glyphs of the \AFM\ output will be mapped to
+\type{/.notdef}. If we need to know which glyphs are available in the
+font, we can run \type{ttf2afm} without any \type{-e} to get all glyph
+names. The resulting \AFM\ file can be used to generate a \TFM\ by
+applying the \filename {afm2tfm} utility.
+
+To use a new TrueType font the minimal steps may look like below, supposing
+that a map file \filename {test.map} is used.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ttf2afm -e 8r.enc -o times.afm times.ttf
+afm2tfm times.afm -T 8r.enc
+echo "times TimesNewRomanPSMT <8r.enc <times.ttf" >>test.map
+\end{verbatim}
+
+There are a limitations with TrueType fonts in comparison with
+Type~1 fonts:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The special effects SlantFont\slash ExtendFont did not work
+ before version 1.40.0.
+\item To subset a TrueType font, the font must be specified as re\hyph
+ encoded, therefore an encoding vector must be given.
+\item TrueType fonts used in embedded \PDF\ files are kept
+ untouched; they are not replaced or merged with the same font
+ used in the document, as happens with Type~1.
+\end{itemize}
+
+For much more about \PDFTEX\ and TrueType fonts, including many details
+on handling glyph names, see ``A closer look at TrueType fonts and
+\PDFTEX'', \titleref{TUGboat} 30:1 (2009), pp.~32\hyph 34,
+\useurl{thanhtruetypetub}.
+
+\chapter{\PDFTEX\ primitives}
+\label{sec.primitives}
+
+Here follows a description of the primitives added by \PDFTEX\ to the
+original \TEX\ engine (other extensions by \ETEX, \MLTEX\ and \ENCTEX\
+are not described). Many of these primitives are described further in
+the \filename {samplepdf.tex} file in the \PDFTEX\ distribution (q.v.).
+
+If the output is \DVI, then the \PDFTEX-specific dimension parameters
+are not used at all. However, some \PDFTEX\ integer parameters can
+affect \DVI\ as well as \PDF\ output (specifically, \cs{pdfoutput} and
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing}).
+
+A warning to macro writers: if you define macros whose names start with
+\cs{pdf}, you risk name clashes with new primitives that may be
+introduced in future versions of \PDFTEX.
+
+General warning: many of these new primitives, for example \cs{pdfdest}
+and \cs{pdfoutline}, write their arguments directly to the \PDF\ output
+file (when producing \PDF), as \PDF\ string constants. This means that
+\emph{you} (or, more likely, the macros you write) must escape
+characters as necessary (namely \cs{}, \type{(}, and \type{)}.
+Otherwise, an invalid \PDF\ file may result. The \type{hyperref} and
+\TEXINFO\ packages have code which may serve as a starting point for
+implementing this, although it will certainly need to be adapted to any
+particular situation.
+
+\section{Document setup}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfoutput}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfoutput} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This parameter specifies whether the output format should be \DVI\ or
+\PDF. A positive value means \PDF\ output, otherwise (default 0) one
+gets \DVI\ output. This primitive is the only one that must be set to
+produce \PDF\ output (the command-line option \type{-output-format=pdf}
+may alternatively be used); all other primitives are optional. This
+parameter cannot be specified \emph{after} shipping out the first page.
+In other words, to get \PDF\ output, we have to set \cs{pdfoutput}
+before \PDFTEX\ the first page.
+
+A simple way of making macros aware of \PDFTEX\ in both \PDF\ or \DVI\
+mode is:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined \csname newcount\endcsname\pdfoutput \fi
+\ifcase\pdfoutput DVI CODE \else PDF CODE \fi
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Using the \type{ifpdf.sty} file, which works with both \LATEX\ and plain
+\TeX, is a cleaner way of doing this. Originally, the simple test
+\verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined| sufficed; but for many years, the
+\PDFTEX\ engine is used in distributions also for non-\PDF\ formats
+(\eg\ \LATEX), so \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when the output
+format is \DVI.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmajorversion}, \cs{pdfminorversion}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmajorversion} \Whatever{integer}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfminorversion} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Together, these two primitives specify the \PDF\ version for generated \PDF\
+output. The defaults compiled into the \PDFTEX\ program are
+\cs{pdfmajorversion=1} and \cs{pdfminorversion=4}, thus \PDF~1.4
+is generated by default.
+
+However, distributions typically alter the engine's compiled default
+minor version of~4 when building formats. For example, as of 2010,
+\TEXLIVE\ sets \cs{pdfminorversion=5} when formats are built. This is
+so object compression can be enabled (see \cs{pdfobjcompress} below).
+
+This value also defines the highest \PDF\ version for included \PDF{}s
+to be allowed without error, by default (see
+\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel}).
+
+The values for both must be $\ge1$ but are not checked further.
+Furthermore, they are set independently; setting only
+\cs{pdfmajorversion=2} would result in \PDF~2.4 output; it's
+necessary to additionally set \cs{pdfminorversion}.
+
+If specified, these primitives must appear before any data is written to
+the generated \PDF\ file. The \cs{pdfmajorversion} primitive was
+introduced in \PDFTEX\ 1.40.21. \cs{pdfminorversion} was originally a
+synonym of the \cs{pdfoptionpdfminorversion} command, which is now
+obsolete. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcompresslevel}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter specifies the level of stream compression. Zero
+means no compression, 1~means fastest, 9~means best, $2..8$ means
+something in between. A value outside this range will be adjusted to the
+nearest meaningful value. This parameter is read each time \PDFTEX\
+starts a stream.
+
+This compression applies to text, inline graphics, and embedded \PNG\
+images (but only if they are un- and re-compressed during the embedding
+process). It is implemented by the \type{zlib} library).
+
+Setting \cs{pdfcompresslevel=0} is useful for \PDF\ stream debugging.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter controls the compression of non-stream objects.
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+In the \PDF-1.4 specification, non-stream objects had to be written in
+the \PDF\ file as clear text, uncompressed. The \PDF-1.5 specification
+allows collecting non-stream objects as ``compressed objects'' into
+``object stream'' objects (\type{/Type/ObjStm}, see the \PDFReference,
+5th~ed., \S3.4.6). At the end of the \PDF\ file, an \type{/XRef}
+cross-reference stream is then written out instead of the object table.
+This can result in a considerably smaller \PDF\ file, particularly if
+lots of annotations and links are used.
+
+The writing of compressed objects is enabled by setting
+\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} to a value between~1 and~3; it's disabled if~0
+(default). Object compression also requires
+$\cs{pdfminorversion}\ge5$ (or $\cs{pdfmajorversion}\ge2$), else
+a warning is given and the compression is disabled. The value of
+\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} is clipped to the range $0..3$, but using
+values outside this range is not recommended (for future extension).
+
+Values for \cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} have the following effects:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item When set to~0, no object streams are generated at all.
+
+\item When set to~1,
+all non-stream objects are compressed with the exception of any objects
+coming with embedded \PDF\ files (``paranoid'' mode, to avoid yet unknown
+problems), and also the \type{/Info} dictionary is not compressed for
+clear-text legibility.
+
+\item When set to~2, also all non-stream objects coming
+with embedded \PDF\ files are compressed, but the \type{/Info} dictionary
+is still not compressed.
+
+\item Finally, when set to~3, all non-stream objects
+are compressed, including the \type{/Info} dictionary (this means that
+the \type{/Info} can't be read as clear text any more). If object streams
+are to be used, currently \cs{pdfobjcompresslevel=2} is recommended,
+and is so specified in some distributions, including \TEXLIVE~2010 and later.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\emph{Compatibility caveats:} \PDF\ files generated with object
+streams enabled can't be read with (sufficiently old) \PDF\ viewers that
+don't understand \PDF-1.5 files. For widest distribution and unknown
+audience, don't activate object stream writing. The \PDF-1.5 standard
+describes also a hybrid object compression mode that gives some backward
+compatibility, but this is currently not implemented, as \PDF-1.5 was
+rather quickly adopted by modern \PDF\ viewers. Also not implemented is
+the optional \type{/Extends} key.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfdecimaldigits}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfdecimaldigits} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter specifies the numeric accuracy of real
+coordinates as written to the \PDF\ file. It gives the maximal number of
+decimal digits after the decimal point. Valid values are in the range
+$0..4$. A higher value means more precise output, but also results in a
+larger file size and more time to display or print. In most cases the
+optimal value is~2. This parameter does not influence the precision of
+numbers used in raw \PDF\ code, like that used in \cs{pdfliteral} and
+annotation action specifications; also multiplication items (\eg\
+scaling factors) are not affected and are always output with best
+precision. This parameter is read when \PDFTEX\ writes a real number to
+the \PDF\ output.
+
+When including huge \METAPOST\ images using \filename {supp-pdf.tex}, one can
+limit the accuracy to two digits with \cs{twodigitMPoutput}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfhorigin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfhorigin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This parameter can be used to set the horizontal offset of the output
+box from the top left corner of the page. A value of 1~inch corresponds
+to the normal \TEX\ offset. This parameter is read when \PDFTEX\ starts
+shipping out a page to the \PDF\ output.
+
+For all normal purposes, this parameter should always be kept at 1~true
+inch. If you want to shift text on the page, use \TEX's own \cs{hoffset}
+primitive. To avoid surprises, after global magnification has been
+changed by the \cs{mag} primitive, the \cs{pdfhorigin} parameter should
+still be 1~true inch, \eg\ by setting \cs{pdfhorigin=1 true in} after
+the \cs{mag} setting. Or, you can preadjust the \cs{pdfhorigin} value
+before typing \cs{mag}, so that its value after the \cs{mag} command
+ends up at 1~true inch again.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfvorigin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfvorigin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This parameter is the vertical companion of \cs{pdfhorigin}, and the
+notes above regarding \cs{mag} and true dimensions apply. Also keep
+in mind that the \TEX\ coordinate system starts in the top left corner
+(downward), while \PDF\ coordinates start at the bottom left corner
+(upward).
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpagewidth}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpagewidth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This dimension parameter specifies the page width of the \PDF\ output
+(the screen, the paper, etc.). \PDFTEX\ reads this parameter when it
+starts shipping out a page. If magnification has been changed by the
+\cs{mag} primitive, check that this parameter reflects the desired true
+page width. When part of the page falls off the paper or screen, it's
+quite possible that this parameter is set wrong.
+
+If the value is set to zero, the page width is calculated as
+
+\[
+\hbox{\textit{width}}_{\hbox{\scriptsize box being shipped out}}
++ 2 \times (\cs{horigin} + \hbox{\cs{hoffset}}).
+\]
+It is not wise to rely on this default calculation, since box widths may
+vary unexpectedly.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpageheight}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpageheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+Similar to the previous item, this dimension parameter specifies the
+page height of the \PDF\ output; the notes above apply. If set to zero,
+the page height will be calculated analogously to the above.
+
+\section{Document info and catalog}
+\label{sec.docinfocatalog}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfomitinfodict}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfomitinfodict} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If nonzero, omit the \type{/Info} dictionary completely, as required by
+the \PDF\ A-4 standard. \introduced{1.40.25}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinfo}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinfo} \Something{general text}}}
+
+This primitive allows the user to specify information for the document
+info dictionary. Provided information can be extracted from the output
+\PDF\ by, for instance, the \type{pdfinfo} program.
+
+The \Something{general text} is a collection of key\hyph value\hyph
+pairs. The key names are preceded by a \type{/}, and the values, being
+strings, are given between parentheses. All keys, and the primitive
+itself, are optional. Possible
+keys are:\newline
+\type{/Title},\newline
+\type{/Author},\newline
+\type{/Subject},\newline
+\type{/Keywords},\newline
+\type{/Producer} (defaults to \hbox{\tt pdfTeX-\currentpdftex}),\newline
+\type{/Creator} (defaults to \type{TeX}),\newline
+\type{/CreationDate} (defaults to current date and time, with time zone),\newline
+\type{/ModDate} (same default),\newline
+\type{/Trapped} (defaults to \type{/False},\newline
+\type{/PTEX.Fullbanner} (defaults to the \cs{pdftexbanner} string, q.v.).
+
+\type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate} are expressed in the form
+\type{D:YYYYMMDDhhmmssTZ}, where `\type{D:}' is a constant string
+prefix, \type{YYYY} is the year, \type{MM} is the month, \type{DD} is
+the day, \type{hh} is the hour, \type{mm} is the minutes, \type{ss} is
+the seconds, and \type{TZ} is an optional string denoting the time zone,
+\type{Z} for universal time. For example, this is the Unix epoch, the
+beginning of 1970-01-01 UTC, in this format: \type{D:19700101000000Z}.
+If the time zone is not UTC, it is given as \type{+HH'mm'} or
+\type{-HH'mm'}, indicating an offset of the given hours and minutes from
+UTC, with the given either later (\type{+}) or earlier (\type{-}) than
+UTC. For more details, see the \PDFReference, \S7.9.4.
+
+Multiple appearances of \cs{pdfinfo} are concatenated. Usually if a key
+is given more than once, the first appearance will be used, but this is
+viewer\hyph dependent. Except for standard \TeX\ macro expansion,
+\PDFTEX\ does not perform any further operations in the
+\Something{general text} provided by the user.
+
+Here is an example of using \cs{pdfinfo} to include the
+information not supplied by \PDFTEX:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfinfo {
+ /Title (example.pdf)
+ /Author (Tom and Jerry)
+ /Subject (Example)
+ /Keywords (mouse, cat)
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinfoomitdate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinfoomitdate} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If nonzero, omit the \type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate} keys from
+the document info dictionary described above. This can be useful in
+making reproducible \PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This value is treated as a bit mask, specifying which \type{PTEX.*} keys
+to omit from the output:
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{cl}
+\bf value & \bf suppresses \cr
+ 1 & \type{PTEX.Fullbanner} \cr
+ 2 & \type{PTEX.FileName} \cr
+ 4 & \type{PTEX.PageNumber} \cr
+ 8 & \type{PTEX.InfoDict} \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+\noindent Thus, the value \type{-1}, setting all the bits, suppresses
+everything.
+
+\type{PTEX.Fullbanner} is included by default in the general document
+info dictionary, as mentioned under \cs{pdfinfo} above. The other
+\type{PTEX.*} keys are included when a \PDF\ is included in the document
+(and not otherwise), as described in section~\ref{sec.addpdfkeys}.
+
+This conditional suppression can be useful in making reproducible
+\PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcatalog}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcatalog} \Something{general text}
+ \Optional{\Literal{openaction} \Something{action spec}}}}
+
+Similar to the document info section is the document catalog, where
+possible keys are \type{/URI}, which specifies the base \URL\ of the
+document, and \type {/PageMode}, which determines how the \PDF\ viewer
+displays the document on startup. The possibilities for the latter are
+given in this table:
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\bf value & \bf meaning \cr
+\tt /UseNone & neither outline nor thumbnails visible \cr
+\tt /UseOutlines & outline visible \cr
+\tt /UseThumbs & thumbnails visible \cr
+\tt /FullScreen & full\hyph screen mode \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+The default \type{/PageMode} setting is \type{/UseNone}. In full\hyph
+screen mode, there is no menu bar, window controls, nor any other window
+present.
+
+After the \Something{general text} of the catalog, a construct
+\Literal{openaction} \Something{action spec} can be given, where
+\Literal{openaction} is a \PDFTEX\ keyword, and \Something{action spec}
+specifies the action to be taken when opening the document. This
+\Something{action spec} is the same as for internal links; see
+section~\ref{sec.linking}.
+
+Several settings can be made in one \cs{pdfcatalog} call, for
+example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfcatalog {
+ /PageMode /FullScreen
+} openaction goto page 2 {/Fit}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcreationdate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcreationdate} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands to the date string \PDFTEX\ uses in the info dictionary of the
+document, \eg\ for this file: {\tt\pdfcreationdate}. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfnames}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfnames} \Something{general text}}}
+
+This primitive inserts the \Something{general text} to the \type{/Names}
+array. The text must conform to the specifications as laid down in the
+\PDFReference, or the document may be invalid.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftrailer}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftrailer} \Something{general text}}}
+
+This command puts its argument text verbatim into the file trailer
+dictionary. Example: \verb|\pdftrailer{/mytrlrkey /mytrlrval}|.
+\introduced{1.11a}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftrailerid}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftrailerid} \Something{general text}}}
+
+Use the \Something{general text} to seed the \type{/ID} value in the
+trailer, instead of the default combination of the input file
+name and starting time. If the argument is empty, the \type{/ID} is
+omitted entirely. Example: \verb|\pdftrailerid{}|. This can be useful
+in making reproducible \PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
+
+\section{Fonts}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfadjustspacing}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfadjustspacing} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive controls whether font expansion happens (this operation
+is described in detail at \cs{pdffontexpand}). By default,
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing} is set to~0; then font expansion is disabled, so
+that the \PDFTEX\ output is identical to that from the original \TEX\
+engine.
+
+Font expansion can be activated in two modes. When \cs{pdfadjustspacing}
+is set to~1, font expansion is applied \emph{after} \TEX's normal
+paragraph breaking routines have broken the paragraph into lines. In
+this case, line breaks are identical to standard \TEX\ behavior.
+
+When set to~2, the width changes that are the result of stretching and
+shrinking are taken into account \emph{while} the paragraph is broken
+into lines. In this case, line breaks are likely to be different from
+those of standard \TEX. Paragraphs may well become longer or shorter.
+
+Both alternatives require a collection of \TFM\ files that are
+related to the \Something{stretch} and \Something{shrink} settings
+for the \cs{pdffontexpand} primitive, unless this is given with the
+\type{autoexpand} option.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontexpand}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontexpand}
+ \Something{font} \Something{stretch} \Something{shrink}
+ \Something{step} \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}}}
+
+This extension to \TEX's font definitions controls a major \PDFTEX\
+feature called \emph{font expansion}. To enable font expansion,
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing} must be set to a value greater than zero. We
+describe the basic process with an example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\font\somefont=sometfm at 10pt
+\pdffontexpand\somefont 30 20 10 autoexpand
+\pdfadjustspacing=2
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The \verb|30 20 10| means this: ``hey \TEX, when line breaking is going
+badly, you may stretch the glyphs from this font as much as 3\% or
+shrink them as much as 2\%.'' For practical reasons \PDFTEX\ uses
+discrete expansion steps, in this example, 1\%.
+
+Roughly speaking, the idea is as follows: When \TEX\ cannot break a line
+in the appropriate way, the unbreakable parts of the last word may stick
+into the margin. When \PDFTEX\ sees this, it will try to scale (shrink)
+the glyphs in that line using fixed steps, until the line fits. When
+lines are too spacey, the opposite happens: \PDFTEX\ starts scaling
+(stretching) the glyphs until the white space gaps are acceptable. This
+glyph stretching and shrinking is called \emph{font expansion}.
+
+There are two different modes for font expansion, depending on whether
+\type{autoexpand} is specified:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item If the \type{autoexpand} keyword is given---this is
+recommended mode---only a single map entry is needed for all expanded
+font versions, using the name of the unexpanded \TFM\ file
+(\varname{tfmname} in section~\ref{sec.map-tfmname}). No expanded
+\varname{tfmname} versions need be mentioned (indeed, they are ignored),
+as \PDFTEX\ generates expanded instances of the unexpanded \TFM\ data
+structures and keeps them in its memory. As of \PDFTEX~1.40.0, the
+\type{autoexpand} work is done within the page stream by modification of
+the text matrix (\PDF\ operator ``\type{Tm}''), and not at the font file
+level, giving the advantage that it now works not only with Type~1 but
+also with TrueType and OpenType fonts (and even without embedding a font
+file; but that's not recommended). In this mode \PDFTEX\ requires only
+unexpanded font files.
+
+\item Second, if the \type{autoexpand} keyword is not given, setting up
+font expansion requires considerably more work, as there must be map
+entries for \TFM\ files in all required expansion values. The expanded
+\varname{tfmname} variants are constructed by adding the font expansion
+value to the \varname{tfmname} of the base font, \eg\ there must be a
+map entry with \varname{tfmname} \type{sometfm+10} for 1\% stretch or
+\type{sometfm-15} for 1.5\% shrink. This also means that for each
+expanded font variant a \TFM\ file with properly expanded metrics must
+exist. In addition to the \TFM\ file, it is necessary to provide, for
+each expansion value, an individually crafted font file with the
+expanded glyphs. Thus, this allows the absolute best possible output,
+controlling the glyphs for every expanded variant of the font. It is a
+rare document indeed for this to be worth the trouble.
+
+One technical drawback of non-\type{autoexpand} mode is that all needed
+individual font files need to be embedded in the \PDF\ output for each
+expanded font, leading to significantly larger \PDF\ files than in
+\type{autoexpand} mode.
+
+Another caveat for non-\type{autoexpand} mode: when \cs{pdffontexpand}
+is executed, \PDFTEX\ immediately loads two fonts, at the maximum
+stretch and shrink; in our example, \type{sometfm+30} and
+\type{sometfm-20}. (If they aren't available, \type{mktextfm} may be
+uselessly called, and then an error message issued.) This happens even
+if those fonts never end up being used, which is arguably undesirable,
+but hard to change. It is not a problem when using \type{autoexpand}.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+The font expansion mechanism is inspired by an optimization first
+introduced by Prof.~Hermann Zapf, which in itself goes back to
+optimizations used in the early days of typesetting: use different
+glyphs to optimize the grayness of a page. So, there are many, slightly
+different~a's, e's, etc. For practical reasons \PDFTEX\ does not use
+such huge glyph collections; it uses horizontal scaling instead. This is
+sub\hyph optimal, and possibly offensive to the design, though the
+expansions are tiny. It is up to the user to decide whether such
+slightly remastered fonts are acceptable. As an example, this
+document is typeset with font expansion and margin kerning activated
+(via the \texttt{microtype} \LaTeX\ package).
+
+\subsection{\cs{efcode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{efcode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+We haven't yet told the whole story. One can imagine that some glyphs
+are visually more sensitive to stretching or shrinking than others. Then
+the \cs{efcode} primitive can be used to influence the expandability of
+individual glyphs within a given font, as a factor applied to the
+expansion setting from the \cs{pdffontexpand} primitive. The syntax is
+similar to \cs{sfcode} (but with the \Something{font} required), and it
+defaults to~1000, meaning 100\% expandability. The given integer value
+is clipped to the range $0..1000$, corresponding to a usable
+expandability range of $0..100$\%. Examples:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\efcode\somefont`A=800
+\efcode\somefont`O=0
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Here the A in \cs{somefont} may only stretch or shrink by up to 80\% of
+the current expansion value for that font, and expansion for the~O is
+disabled. The actual expansion is still bound to the steps as defined by
+\cs{pdffontexpand} primitive.
+
+Changes to this table are global, \ie\ ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
+and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfprotrudechars}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfprotrudechars} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Yet another way of optimizing paragraph breaking is to let certain
+characters move into the margin (`character protrusion'). Character
+protrusion is disabled when \cs{pdfprotrudechars=0} or negative.
+
+When \cs{pdfprotrudechars=1}, the glyphs qualified as such will make
+this move when applicable, without changing the line-breaking. When
+\cs{pdfprotrudechars=2} (or greater), character protrusion will be taken
+into account while considering breakpoints, so line-breaking might be
+changed. This qualification and the amount of shift are set by the
+primitives \cs{rpcode} and \cs{lpcode}.
+
+If you want to protrude an item other than a character (\eg\ an
+\cs{hbox}), you can do so by padding the item with an invisible
+zero\hyph width character for which protrusion is activated.
+
+\subsection{\cs{rpcode}, \cs{lpcode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{rpcode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{lpcode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+The amount that a character from a given font may shift into the right
+margin (`character protrusion') is set by the primitive \cs{rpcode}. The
+protrusion distance is the integer value given to \cs{rpcode},
+multiplied by 0.001em from the current font. The given integer value is
+clipped to the range $-1000..1000$, corresponding to a usable protrusion
+range of $-$1em..1em. \cs{lpcode} is exactly analogous to \cs{rpcode},
+but affects the amount by which characters may protrude into the left
+margin.
+
+Examples:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\rpcode\somefont`,=200
+\rpcode\somefont`-=150
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Here the comma may shift by 0.2em into the margin and the hyphen by
+0.15em. All these small bits and pieces will help \PDFTEX\ to give
+you better paragraphs (use \cs{rpcode} judiciously; don't overdo it).
+
+Remark: old versions of \PDFTEX\ use the character width as measure. This
+was changed to a proportion of the em-width after \THANH\ finished his
+master's thesis.
+
+Changes to these tables are global, \ie\ ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
+and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{leftmarginkern}, \cs{rightmarginkern}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{leftmarginkern} \Something{box number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{rightmarginkern} \Something{box number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+The \cs{leftmarginkern} \Something{box number} primitive expands to the
+width of the margin kern at the left side of the horizontal list stored
+in \cs{box} \Something{box number}. The expansion string includes the
+unit \type{pt}. \Eg\ when the left margin kern of \cs{box0} amounts to
+$-$10pt, \cs{leftmarginkern0} will expand to \type{-10pt}. The primitive
+\cs{rightmarginkern} works analogously for the right margin.
+\introducedplural{1.30.0}
+
+These are auxiliary primitives to make character protrusion more
+versatile. When using the \TEX\ primitives \cs{unhbox} or \cs{unhcopy},
+the margin kerns at either end of the unpackaged hbox will be removed
+(\eg\ to avoid weird effects if several hboxes are unpackaged behind
+each other into the same horizontal list). These \cs{unhbox} or
+\cs{unhcopy} commands are often used together with \cs{vsplit} for dis-
+and re\hyph assembling of paragraphs, \eg\ to add line numbers.
+Paragraphs treated like this do not show character protrusion by
+default, as the margin kerns have been removed during the unpacking
+process.
+
+The \cs{leftmarginkern} and \cs{rightmarginkern} primitives allow
+access to the margin kerns and store them away before unpackaging the
+hbox. \Eg\ the following code snippet restores margin kerning of
+a horizontal list stored in \cs{box}\cs{testline}, resulting in a hbox with
+the original margin kerning, now inserted by ordinary kerns.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\dimen0=\leftmarginkern\testline
+\dimen1=\rightmarginkern\testline
+\hbox to\hsize{\kern\dimen0\unhcopy\testline\kern\dimen1}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{letterspacefont}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{letterspacefont} \Something{control sequence}
+ \Something{font} \Something{integer}}}
+
+This primitive creates an instance of \Something{font} with the widths
+of all glyphs increased by \Something{integer} thousandths of an em (as
+defined by \Something{font}). The effect is letter spacing, but the
+glyphs are actually wider, as the sidebearings are increased, so a
+single glyph will take more space. For instance, the following creates a
+font \cs{lsfont} whose glyphs are all 1.2pt larger than those of
+\cs{normalfont}:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\font\normalfont=myfont at 12pt
+\letterspacefont\lsfont\normalfont 100
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Negative values are allowed for \Something{integer}.
+Letter spacing works natively in \PDF\ mode only, unless special fonts are
+devised (in our example, a \type{myfont+100ls} font), as with font expansion.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcopyfont}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcopyfont} \Something{control sequence}
+ \Something{font}}}
+
+This primitive defines \Something{control sequence} as a synonym for
+\Something{font}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffakespace}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffakespace}}}
+
+Always insert a fake interword space in the output (PDF only; this
+primitive is an error in DVI mode), regardless of the values of
+\cs{pdfinterwordspaceon} and \cs{pdfinterwordspaceoff} (q.v.). Example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+Text with a fake interword \pdffakespace space.
+\end{verbatim}
+\introduced{1.40.15}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontattr}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontattr} \Something{font}
+ \Something{general text}}}
+
+This primitive inserts the \Something{general text} into the
+\type{/Font} dictionary. The text must conform to the specifications as
+laid down in the \PDFReference, or the document may be invalid. For
+examples, see the \type{cmap} and \type{CJK} packages.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontname} \Something{font}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+In \PDF\ files produced by \PDFTEX\ one can recognize a font resource
+by the prefix~\type{/F} followed by a number, for instance \type{/F12}
+or \type{/F54}. For a given \TEX\ \Something{font}, this primitive
+expands to the number from the corresponding font resource name.
+\Eg\ if \type{/F12} corresponds to some \TEX\ font \cs{foo}, then
+\cs{pdffontname}\cs{foo} expands to the number~\type{12}.
+
+In the current implementation, when \cs{pdfuniqueresname} (see below)
+is set to a positive value, the \cs{pdffontname} still returns only the
+number from the font resource name, without the appended random string.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontobjnum}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontobjnum} \Something{font}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command is similar to \cs{pdffontname}, but it returns the \PDF\
+object number of the font dictionary instead of the number from the font
+resource name. \Eg\ if the font dictionary (\type{/Type/Font}) in \PDF\
+object~3 corresponds to some \TEX\ font \cs{foo}, then
+\cs{pdffontobjnum}\cs{foo} gives the number~\type{3}.
+
+Use of \cs{pdffontname} and \cs{pdffontobjnum} allows users full
+access to all the font resources used in a document.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontsize}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontsize} \Something{font}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This primitive expands to the font size of the given font, with unit
+\type{pt}. \Eg\ when using the plain \TeX\ macro package, the call
+\cs{pdffontsize}\cs{tenrm} expands to \type{10.0pt}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfgentounicode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfgentounicode} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+By default, \PDFTEX\ does not include a \type{/ToUnicode} resource when
+including fonts in the output. Such a resource (also called a CMap
+resource) maps glyph names to Unicode characters in a \PDF\ file.
+Lacking such a resource, it is the \PDF\ reader which determines how and
+whether searching in the \PDF\ file works. In practice, searching for
+basic \ASCII\ characters generally works, but searching for anything
+beyond those, including ligatures such as `fi', is likely to fail.
+
+If \cs{pdfgentounicode} is set to \type{1} when the job ends, the
+\type{/ToUnicode} resource will be included in the output, with mappings
+for Type~1 fonts used---unless \cs{pdfnobuiltintounicode} (q.v.) is set
+for a given font.
+
+The mapping is created as follows: for each glyph in the font, look for
+its \type{ToUnicode} value in a global hash table. By default that
+global hash table is empty, in which case \PDFTEX\ merely emits a
+warning. Entries are added to the table using the command
+\cs{pdfglyphtounicode}, described next.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfglyphtounicode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfglyphtounicode} \Something{general text}
+ \Something{general text}}}
+
+The first argument is the name of a glyph, the second is a string of Unicode
+numeric values denoting characters, separated by spaces. For instance:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfgentounicode=1
+\pdfglyphtounicode{ff}{0066 0066}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent maps the \type{ff} ligature to a pair of \type{f} characters
+(whose code is \type{U+0066}, that is, \ASCII\ \type{0x66}).
+
+Once a single \cs{pdfglyphtounicode} definition is made, whether it is
+used or not, another feature comes into play: all glyph names of the
+form \type{uniXXXX} or \type{uXXXX} are mapped to the natural
+\type{U+XXXX}. Many fonts use this style of naming.
+
+In addition, the \type{glyphtounicode.tex} file (distributed with
+\PDFTEX\ and other software) contains thousands of such definitions,
+covering most common glyph names. So, for practical purposes, one would
+probably want:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input glyphtounicode
+\pdfgentounicode=1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent (\LATEX\ users could load the \type{cmap} package to achieve
+the same effect.)
+
+By default, these glyph name-to-unicode mappings are global. Thus,
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfglyphtounicode{abc}{1234}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent would map the glyph named \type{abc} to \type{U+1234} for
+every font. However, it's possible to make a mapping for a single font
+using a \type{tfm:} prefix:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfglyphtounicode{tfm:foo/abc}{5678}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent means that for the font \type{foo.tfm}, only, the glyph
+\type{abc} is mapped to \type{U+5678}.
+
+Glyph names sometimes contain a dot, as in \type{somechar.sc}. \PDFTEX\
+simply strips the dot and everything after it before looking up the
+name, so in this case it would look for \type{somechar} (even if
+\type{somechar.sc} exists in the mappings, it will not be used). This
+behavior could be made smarter if there is a demand for it.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfincludechars}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfincludechars} \Something{font}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command causes \PDFTEX\ to treat the characters in \Something{general
+text} as if they were used with \Something{font}, which means that the
+corresponding glyphs will be embedded into the font resources in the \PDF\
+output. Nothing is appended to the list being built.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinterwordspaceon}, \cs{pdfinterwordspaceoff},
+ \cs{pdfspacefont}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinterwordspaceon}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinterwordspaceoff}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfspacefont} \Something{general text}}}
+
+The first two commands insert corresponding whatsit nodes which turn
+on/off generation of faked interword spaces in the \PDF\ output (they
+cause errors in \DVI\ output). This allows for better reflowing of text
+on the fly by \PDF\ readers, better extraction of textual content, and
+is required by \PDF/A. It does not affect the normal \TeX\ justification
+with glue of the typeset output.
+
+This works roughly as follows: with \cs{pdfinterwordspaceon},
+\PDFTEX\ will guess when an interword space should be inserted, based on
+movement within some limits in horizontal direction. When found,
+\PDFTEX\ inserts a true space character into the \PDF\ page description
+for the viewers, and adjusts the next movement so that the next
+character will be in the expected position, according to normal \TEX\
+behavior.
+
+Where does that ``true space character'' come from?
+There are two possibilities.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item If the current font has a real space character, it is used.
+\PDFTEX\ considers a font to have such a space character if 1)~the font
+has an encoding vector (\type{.enc} file) specified in its map entry,
+and 2)~the encoding has a glyph named \type{space} (that is, the
+PostScript name \type{/space}) at slot 32. For example, the font
+\type{texnansi-lmr10} uses the encoding file \type{lm-texnansi.enc},
+which has such an entry.
+
+\item
+If the current font does not have such a space character (this is the
+case for most traditional \TEX\ fonts, such as \type{cmr10} and
+\type{ec-lmr10}), \PDFTEX\ will use the space character from a special
+fallback font named (by default) \type{pdftexspace}[\type{.tfm}].
+\PDFTEX\ automatically defines a map entry for this font which looks
+like this:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfmapline{=pdftexspace PdfTeX-Space <pdftexspace.pfb}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The \type{pdftexspace.tfm} and \type{pdftexspace.pfb} files are expected
+to be available to \PDFTEX\ just like any other font. (They are
+distributed with \PDFTEX.) The \type{pdftexspace} font was constructed
+by hand; it has a space character that is .333em (and no other
+characters).
+
+A different fallback font for the space character can be given via
+\verb|\pdfspacefont{myfont}|. This is most likely to be useful for
+testing and debugging. In this case, \PDFTEX\ assumes that the given font
+has a real space character at slot 32, and that any necessary
+corresponding map entry exists. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfspacefont{texnansi-lmr10} % use space char from this font if
+ % current font has no space char
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{itemize}
+
+History: Before \PDFTEX\ version 1.40.25, no check was made for a
+\type{space} character in the current font, the fallback font was named
+\type{dummy-space}, and its space character was tiny, 0.001em. It turned
+out that \PDF\ viewers were unhappy with this tiny space, especially
+with tagged \PDF.
+
+Example of usage (see also the \type{fake-interword-space.tex} test file):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+Text with no interword spaces.
+
+\pdfglyphtounicode{space}{0020}
+\pdfinterwordspaceon
+
+Switch to text with faked interword spaces.
+
+\pdfinterwordspaceoff
+
+Back to text with no interword spaces.
+\end{verbatim}
+\introducedplural{1.40.15, 1.40.25}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmapfile}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmapfile} \Something{map filename}}}
+
+This primitive is used for reading a font map file consisting of one or
+more font map lines. The name of the map file is given in the
+\Something{map filename} together with an optional leading modifier
+character, as explained below. If your map file isn't in the current
+directory or a standard system directory, you will need to set the
+\type{TEXFONTMAPS} variable (in \WEBC) or give an explicit path so that
+it will be found.
+
+If no \cs{pdfmapfile} primitive is given, the default map file
+\filename{pdftex.map} will be read by \PDFTEX. Normally there is no need
+for a \PDFTEX\ user to bother about the \cs{pdfmapfile} or
+\cs{pdfmapline} primitives, as the main \TEX\ distributions provide
+helper tools to automatically assemble the default \type{pdftex.map}.
+(In \TEXLIVE, these tools are \type{updmap} and \type{updmap-sys}.)
+
+There is a companion primitive \cs{pdfmapline} that allows scanning
+single map lines; its map line argument has the same syntax as the map
+lines from a map file. Both primitives can be used concurrently. The
+\cs{pdfmapfile} primitive is fast for reading external bulk font map
+information (many map lines collected in a map file), whereas the
+\cs{pdfmapline} allows putting the font map information for individual
+\TeX\ fonts directly in the \TeX\ source or a style file. With both
+primitives, the map line information is scanned by \PDFTEX\ identically.
+In the most common case, the data are put into a fresh internal map
+entry data structure, which is then consulted when a font is used.
+
+When a \cs{pdfmapfile} or \cs{pdfmapline} primitive is executed by
+\PDFTEX, the argument (map file or map line) will be processed
+immediately, and the internal map entry database updated. The operation
+mode of the \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} primitives is selected
+by an optional modifier character, one of \type{+}, \type{=}, \type{-},
+in front of the \varname{tfmname} field. This modifier defines how the
+individual map lines are going to be handled, and how a collision
+between an already registered map entry and a newer one is resolved:
+either by ignoring a later entry, or replacing or deleting an existing
+entry. In any case, map entries of fonts already in use are kept
+untouched. Here are two examples:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfmapfile{+myfont.map}
+\pdfmapline{+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+When no modifier character is given (\eg\ \verb|\pdfmapfile{foo.map}|
+or\newline \verb|\pdfmapline{helv Helvetica}|) and there has been no
+previous call to one of these primitives, then the default map file
+\filename{pdftex.map} will \emph{not} be read. Apart from this case, the
+given map file will be processed as with the \type{+} modifier:
+duplicate later map entries within the file are ignored and a warning is
+issued. Thus, you can block reading of the default map file also with an
+empty \verb|\pdfmapfile{}| or \verb|\pdfmapline{}| early in the \TeX\
+file. Since the default map file is typically large, if you don't need
+it, these command variants might considerably speed up \PDFTEX\ startup.
+
+If a modifier is given, before reading the items given as arguments to
+the present \cs{pdfmapfile} or \cs{pdfmapline}, the default map file
+will be read first---if this hasn't already been done or been prevented
+by the above blocking cases. The meaning of the modifiers:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \verb|\pdfmapfile{+foo.map}| reads the file \filename{foo.map};
+duplicate later map entries within the file are ignored and a warning is
+issued.
+
+\item \verb|\pdfmapfile{=foo.map}| reads the file \filename{foo.map};
+matching map entries in the database are replaced by new entries from
+\filename{foo.map}, if they haven't already been used.
+
+\item \verb|\pdfmapfile{-foo.map}| reads the file \filename{foo.map};
+matching map entries are deleted from the database, if they haven't
+already been used.
+\end{itemize}
+
+In short, if you want to add support for a new font through an
+additional font map file while keeping all the existing mappings, use
+\verb|\pdfmapfile{+myfont.map}| or \verb|\pdfmapfile{=myfont.map}|.
+
+If you want to use a base map file name other than \type{pdftex.map}, or
+change its processing options through a \PDFTEX\ format, you can do this
+by appending the \cs{pdfmapfile} command to the \cs{everyjob} token list
+for the \type{-ini} run, as in:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\everyjob=\expandafter{\the\everyjob\pdfmapfile{+myspecial.map}}
+\dump
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This would always read the file \type{myspecial.map} after the default
+\type{pdftex.map} file.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmapline}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmapline} \Something{map spec}}}
+
+Similar to \cs{pdfmapfile}, but here you give a single map line (exactly
+like the ones in map files) as an argument. The optional modifiers
+(\type{+-=}) have the same effect as with \cs{pdfmapfile}; see also the
+description above. Example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfmapline{+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This primitive, especially the \verb|\pdfmapline{=...}| form, is useful
+for temporary quick checks of a new font map entry during development,
+before finally putting it into a map file.
+
+As explained above, \verb|\pdfmapline{}|, like \verb|\pdfmapfile{}|,
+blocks reading of the default map file, if it comes early enough in the
+\TeX\ input. \introduced{1.20a}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmovechars}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmovechars} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Since \PDFTEX\ version 1.30.0 the primitive \cs{pdfmovechars} is
+obsolete, and its use merely leads to a warning. (This primitive
+specified whether \PDFTEX\ should try to move characters in range 0..31
+to higher slots; its sole purpose was to remedy certain bugs of early
+\PDF\ viewers.)
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfnobuiltintounicode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfnobuiltintounicode} \Something{font}}}
+
+The purpose of this command is to prevent \PDFTEX\ from generating the
+\type{ToUnicode}/CMap resource for the given font when
+\cs{pdfgentounicode=1}, most likely because the CMap resource is already
+generated by some other method. For instance, the \LATEX\ \type{cmap}
+package uses \cs{pdffontattr} to generate CMap resources.
+
+Minimal example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\font\f=cmb10
+\pdfnobuiltintounicode\f
+\f No unicode mappings for this output.
+\end{verbatim}
+\introduced{1.40.11}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfnoligatures}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfnoligatures} \Something{font}}}
+
+This disables all ligatures in the loaded font \Something{font}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfomitcharset}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfomitcharset} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If this primitive parameter is zero (the default), the \type{/CharSet}
+entry is included as usual for fonts in the \PDF\ output; if it is set
+to 1, then \type{/CharSet} is omitted. Other values may have other
+meanings in the future, so do not rely on them.
+
+Explanation: This parameter was created because the \PDFA-1 standard
+requires \type{/CharSet}, whereas \PDFA-2 and \PDFA-3 allow it to be
+omitted but have extraordinary requirements, which \PDFTEX\ does not
+currently meet, if it is included.\introduced{1.40.20}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpkmode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpkmode} \Whatever{tokens}}}
+
+The \cs{pdfpkmode} is a token register that sets the \METAFONT\ mode for
+pixel font generation. The contents of this register is dumped into the
+format, so one can (optionally) preset it. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpkresolution}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpkresolution} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter specifies the default resolution of embedded \PK\
+fonts and is read when \PDFTEX\ embeds a \PK\ font during finishing the
+\PDF\ output. As bitmap fonts may be rendered poorly, and in any case
+cannot be arbitrarily magnified, it is best to use outline fonts if
+possible.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupmap}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupmap} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when a duplicate map entry for a
+given font is read, whatever the mechanism. However, sometimes it is
+useful to include map information within the document, using
+\cs{pdfmapfile} or \cs{pdfmapline}, even for fonts that happen to be
+installed on the system. Then seeing the warnings on every run is just
+noise; it can be suppressed by setting this parameter to a positive
+number. \introduced{1.40.13}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftracingfonts}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftracingfonts} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter specifies the level of verbosity for the
+information about expanded fonts given in the log, \eg\ when
+\cs{tracingoutput=1}. If \cs{pdftracingfonts=0}, which is the default,
+the log shows the actual nonzero signed expansion value for each
+expanded letter within brackets, as in:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+...\xivtt (+20) t
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If \cs{pdftracingfonts=1}, the name of the \TFM\ file is also listed,
+together with the font size:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+...\xivtt (cmtt10+20@14.0pt) t
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Setting \cs{pdftracingfonts} to a value other than~0 or~1 is not
+recommended, to allow for future extensions. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfuniqueresname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfuniqueresname} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+When this primitive is assigned a positive number, \PDF\ resource names
+will be made reasonably unique by appending a random string consisting
+of six \ASCII\ characters.
+
+\subsection{\cs{tagcode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{tagcode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive accesses a character's \type{char_tag} info. It is meant
+to delete \type{lig_tag} (the character's ligature/kerning program),
+\type{list_tag} (which indicates that the character belongs to a chain of
+ascending sizes) and/or \type{ext_tag} (which indicates that the character
+is extensible), with the following options: assigning \type{-7} or less
+clears all tags, \type{-6} clears \type{ext_tag} and \type{list_tag},
+\type{-5} clears \type{ext_tag} and \type{lig_tag}, \type{-4} clears
+\type{ext_tag}, \type{-3} clears \type{list_tag} and \type{lig_tag},
+\type{-2} clears \type{list_tag}, \type{-1} clears \type{lig_tag},
+and \type{0} or larger does nothing. Changes are irreversible and global.
+
+Conversely, when queried, the primitive returns \type{0} if the tag's
+value is \type{no_tag}, \type{1} if \type{lig_tag} is set, \type{2} if
+\type{list_tag} is set or \type{4} (not~3) if \type{ext_tag} is set.
+
+\section{Spacing}
+
+Controlling spacing before and after characters was introduced in
+version 1.30, mostly to handle punctuation rules in different
+languages. The \cs{...code} tables here, like those in the previous
+section, operate globally, \ie\ ignore \TeX's usual grouping, and apply
+only to the given \Something{font}, not other instances of the
+underlying font.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfadjustinterwordglue}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfadjustinterwordglue} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If positive, adjustment of interword glue is enabled and controlled by the
+following three primitives.
+
+\subsection{\cs{knbscode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{knbscode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+The amount of space, in thousandths of an em, added to the natural width
+of the glue following a character (the name stands for ``kern before
+space'', although technically it is looking at glue items, not kern
+items). This amounts is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$. For
+instance, in the following example, glue after periods in the current
+font will be increased by .2em.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfadjustinterwordglue=1
+\knsbcode\font`\.=200
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{stbscode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{stbscode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This works like \cs{knbscode}, but applies to the stretch component of
+the following glue.
+
+\subsection{\cs{shbscode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{shbscode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Like \cs{stbscode}, but for the shrink component.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfprependkern}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfprependkern} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If positive, automatic insertion of kerns before characters is enabled.
+
+\subsection{\cs{knbccode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{knbccode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+The width of the kern, in thousandths of an em, inserted before a
+character. It is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$. For instance, with
+the following code, a .15em-kern will be inserted before all question
+marks in the current font (possibly useful for \eg\ French punctuation):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfprependkern=1
+\knbccode\font`\?=150
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfappendkern}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfappendkern} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Same as \cs{pdfprependkern}, but for kerns inserted after characters.
+
+\subsection{\cs{knaccode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{knaccode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Same as \cs{knbccode}, except the kern is inserted after the
+character. Such a kern is required for instance after a left guillemet
+in French punctuation.
+
+\section{Vertical adjustments}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfignoreddimen}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfignoreddimen} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This specifies the dimension value which must be assigned to the
+following four primitives so they are ignored. Default is
+\type{-1000pt}, and it should be modified with care since it also
+influences when a previous paragraph's depth is ignored (for instance,
+the plain \TEX\ macro \cs{nointerlineskip} should be modified
+accordingly).
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffirstlineheight}, \cs{pdflastlinedepth}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffirstlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+These parameters specify the height of the first, resp.\ depth of the
+last, line of a paragraph, regardless of its content. They are read when
+the paragraph builder is called, and ignored when set to
+\cs{pdfignoreddimen}. By default, they are set to \type{-1000pt}, so
+they are ignored as long as the value of \cs{pdfignoreddimen} is not
+changed.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfeachlineheight}, \cs{pdfeachlinedepth}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfeachlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfeachlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+\cs{pdfeachlineheight} is similar to \cs{pdffirstlineheight}, but for
+all lines of a paragraph, including the first one, unless
+\cs{pdffirstlineheight} is specified.
+
+\cs{pdfeachlinedepth} is the same, but for the depth.
+
+\section{\PDF\ objects}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfobj}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfobj} \Something{object type spec}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This command creates a raw \PDF\ object that is written to the \PDF\
+file as \verb|1 0 obj| \ldots\ \type{endobj}.
+
+When \Something{object type spec} is not given, \PDFTEX\ no longer
+creates a dictionary object with contents \Something{general text}, as
+it did in the past.
+
+When \Something{object type spec} is given as \Something{attr
+spec} \Literal{stream}, the object will be created as a stream with
+contents \Something{general text} and additional attributes in
+\Something{attr spec}.
+
+When \Something{object type spec} is given as \Something{attr spec}
+\Literal{file}, then the \Something{general text} will be treated as a file
+name and its contents will be copied into the stream contents.
+
+When \Something{object type spec} is given as \type{reserveobjnum}, just
+a new object number is reserved. The number of the reserved object is
+accessible via \cs{pdflastobj}. The object can later be filled with
+contents by \Syntax{\cs{pdfobj} \Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}
+\Lbrace\Something{balanced text}\Rbrace}. But the reserved object number
+can be used by other objects before it is defined, which provides a
+forward\hyph referencing mechanism.
+
+The object is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\ output only
+when its number is referred to by \cs{pdfrefobj} or when \cs{pdfobj}
+is preceded by \cs{immediate}. Nothing is appended to the list being
+built. The number of the most recently created object is accessible via
+\cs{pdflastobj}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastobj}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastobj} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This command returns the object number of the last object created by \type
+{\pdfobj}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrefobj}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrefobj} \Something{object number}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This command appends a whatsit node to the list being built. When the whatsit
+node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will write the object
+\Something{object number}
+to the \PDF\ output if it has not been written yet.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfretval}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfretval} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+Set to $-1$ if \cs{pdfobj} ignores an invalid object number. Perhaps
+this will be used to store the error status of other primitives in the
+future.
+
+\section{Page and pages objects}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpagesattr}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpagesattr} \Whatever{tokens}}}
+
+\PDFTEX\ expands this token list when it finishes the \PDF\ output and
+adds the resulting character stream to the root \type{Pages}
+object. When defined, these are applied to all pages in the
+document. Some examples of attributes are \type{/CropBox}, the rectangle
+specifying the region of the page being displayed and printed, and
+\type{/Rotate}, the number of degrees (in multiples of 90) the page
+should be rotated clockwise when it is displayed or printed.
+
+% /MediaBox is not a good example, since it will never take effect.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfpagesattr
+ { /Rotate 90 % rotate all pages by 90 degrees
+ /CropBox [0 0 612 792] } % the crop size of all pages (in bp)
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpageattr}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpageattr} \Whatever{tokens}}}
+
+This is similar to \cs{pdfpagesattr}, but has priority over it.
+It can be used to override any attribute given by \cs{pdfpagesattr}
+for an individual page. The token list is expanded when \PDFTEX\ ships out
+a page. The contents are added to the attributes of the current page.
+
+If the \cs{pdfpageattr} value contains the string \type{/MediaBox},
+then \PDFTEX\ omits outputting its own \type{/MediaBox} value (which is
+\verb|[0 0 |\Something{\it page\_width} \Something{\it
+page\_height}\type{]}). (This behavior was introduced in version
+1.40.18.)
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfomitprocset}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfomitprocset} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If this parameter is zero (the default), the \type{/ProcSet} array is
+included if \cs{pdfmajorversion} is~1, and omitted if
+$\cs{pdfmajorversion}\ge2$. If this parameter is $>0$, \type{/ProcSet}
+is always omitted; if it is $<0$, \type{/ProcSet} is always
+included. For information about what \type{/ProcSet} is, see the
+\PDFReference\ or other documentation.
+
+\cs{ProcSet} was considered obsolete as of \PDF~1.4, but conforming
+writers should continue to output it. It was formally deprecated in
+\PDF~2.0.\introduced{1.40.25}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpageref}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpageref} \Something{page number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This primitive expands to the number of the page object that contains
+the dictionary for page \Something{page number}. If the page
+\Something{page number} does not exist, a warning will be issued,
+a fresh unused \PDF\ object will be generated, and \cs{pdfpageref}
+will expand to that object number.
+
+\Eg\ if the dictionary for page~5 of the \TEX\ document is contained in
+\PDF\ object no.~18, \cs{pdfpageref5} expands to the number 18.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpageresources}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpageresources} \Whatever{tokens}}}
+
+These tokens are added to the resource dictionary for all pages, before
+the font, XObject, and ProcSet resources. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfpageresources{/MyPageResourceAttribute /MyValue}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Form XObjects}
+
+The next three primitives support a \PDF\ feature called ``object
+reuse'' in \PDFTEX. The idea is first to create a `form XObject'. The
+content of this object corresponds to the content of a \TEX\ box; it can
+contain pictures and references to other form XObjects as well. After
+creation, the form XObject can be used multiple times by simply
+referring to its object number. This feature can be useful for large
+documents with many similar elements, to reduce the duplication of
+identical objects.
+
+These commands behave similarly to \cs{pdfobj}, \cs{pdfrefobj} and
+\cs{pdflastobj} (described in the previous section), but instead of
+taking raw \PDF\ code, they handle text typeset by \TEX.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfxform}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfxform} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{resources spec}} \Something{box number}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This command creates a form XObject corresponding to the contents of the
+box \Something{box number}. The box can contain other raw objects, form
+XObjects, or images as well. However, it cannot contain annotations
+because those are laid out on a separate layer, are positioned
+absolutely, and have dedicated housekeeping. \cs{pdfxform} makes box
+\Something{box number} void, as \cs{box} does.
+
+When \Something{attr spec} is given, the text will be written
+as additional attribute into the form XObject dictionary. The
+\Something{resources spec} is similar, but the text will be added
+to the resources dictionary of the form XObject. The text given by
+\Something{attr spec} or \Something{resources spec} is written before
+other entries of the form dictionary and\slash or the resources dictionary
+and takes priority over later ones.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrefxform}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrefxform} \Something{object number}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+The form XObject is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\
+output only when its object number is referred to by \cs{pdfrefxform}
+or when \cs{pdfxform} is preceded by \cs{immediate}. Nothing is
+appended to the list being built. The number of the most recently created
+form XObject is accessible via \cs{pdflastxform}.
+
+When issued, \cs{pdfrefxform} appends a whatsit node to the list being
+built. When the whatsit node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will
+write the form \Something{object number} to the \PDF\ output if it is
+not written yet.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastxform}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastxform} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+The object number of the most recently created form XObject is accessible
+via \cs{pdflastxform}.
+
+As said, this feature can be used for reusing information. This mechanism
+also plays a role in typesetting fill\hyph in forms. Such widgets sometimes
+have visuals that show up on user request, but are hidden otherwise.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfxformname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfxformname} \Something{object number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+In \PDF\ files produced by \PDFTEX\ one can recognize a form XObject by
+the prefix~\type{/Fm} followed by a number, for instance \type{/Fm2}.
+For a given form XObject number, this primitive expands to the number in
+the corresponding form XObject name. \Eg\ if \type{/Fm2} corresponds to
+some form XObject with object number 7, the \cs{pdfxformname7}
+expands to the number~\type{2}. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\section{Graphics inclusion}
+
+\PDF\ provides a mechanism for embedding graphic and textual objects:
+form XObjects. In \PDFTEX\ this mechanism is accessed by means of
+\cs{pdfxform}, \cs{pdflastxform} and \cs{pdfrefxform} (described in the
+previous section). A special kind of XObjects are bitmap graphics and
+for manipulating them similar commands are provided.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfximage}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfximage}
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{page spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}}
+ \Next
+ \Something{general text}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}}
+
+This command creates an image object from the filename given in
+\Something{general text}, \ie\ enclosed in braces.
+
+The image is kept in memory when this command is executed. It is written
+to the \PDF\ output only when either 1)~the \cs{pdfximage} command is
+preceded by \cs{immediate}, or 2)~its number is referred to by
+\cs{pdfrefximage} (q.v.).
+
+The dimensions of the image can be controlled via \Something{rule spec}.
+The default values are zero for depth and ``running'' for height and
+width. If all of them are given, the image will be scaled to fit the
+specified values. If some (but not all) are given, the rest will be set
+to a value corresponding to the remaining ones so as to make the image
+size to yield the same proportion of $width : (height+depth)$ as the
+original image size, where depth is treated as zero. If none are given
+then the image will have its natural size.
+
+An image inserted at its natural size often has a resolution of
+\type{\pdfimageresolution} (see below) given in dots per inch in the
+output file, but some images may contain data specifying the image
+resolution, and in such a case the image will be scaled accordingly. The
+dimensions of an image can be accessed by putting the \cs{pdfrefximage}
+command in a box and checking the box's dimensions:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\setbox0=\hbox{\pdfximage{somefile.png}\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Now we can use \cs{wd0} and \cs{ht0} to find the natural size of the
+image as determined by \PDFTEX.
+
+The image type is specified by the extension of the given file name:
+\type{.png} stands for \PNG\ image, \type{.jpg} (or \type{.jpeg}) for
+\JPEG, \type{.jbig2} (preferred, but \type{.jb2} works also) for
+\JBIGTWO, and \type{.pdf} for \PDF\ file. But once \PDFTEX\ has opened
+the file, it checks the file type first by checking the magic number at
+the file start, which gets precedence over the file name extension. This
+gives a certain degree of fault tolerance, if the file name extension is
+stated wrongly.
+
+Similarly to \cs{pdfxform}, the optional text given by \Something{attr
+spec} will be written as additional attributes of the image before other
+keys of the image dictionary. When using this, be aware that slightly
+different types of \PDF\ objects are created while including \PNG,
+\JPEG, or \JBIG2\ bitmaps and \PDF\ images.
+
+While working with \PDF\ or \JBIG2\ images, \Something{page spec} allows
+to specify which page of the document is to be included; the
+\Something{page spec} is irrelevant for the other two image formats.
+
+Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.11, in the \PDF\ image case, you may also
+choose which page box of the image is to be treated as a final bounding
+box. If \Something{pdf box spec} is present, it overrides the default
+behavior specified by the \cs{pdfpagebox} parameter, and is overridden
+by the (obsolete) \cs{pdfforcepagebox} parameter. This option is
+irrelevant for non\hyph \PDF\ inclusions.
+
+Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.21, \cs{pdfximage} supports a \type{colorspace}
+keyword followed by an object number (user\hyph defined colorspace for
+the image being included). This feature works for \JPEG\ images only.
+\PNG\ images use \RGB\ palettes, \JBIG2 bi-tonal, and \PDF\ images have
+self\hyph contained color space information.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrefximage}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrefximage} \Something{object number}}}
+
+\cs{pdfrefximage} appends a whatsit node to the list being built. When
+the whatsit node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will write the image
+with number \Something{object number} to the \PDF\ output if it has not been
+written yet.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastximage}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastximage} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+\type{\pdflastximage} is the number of the most recently created XObject
+image.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfximagebbox}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfximagebbox} \Something{integer}
+ \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+The dimensions of the bounding box of a \PDF\ image loaded with
+\cs{pdfximage} are stored in a table. This primitive returns those
+dimensions as follows:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfximage{afile.pdf}
+\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 1 % Returns lower-left x
+\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 2 % Returns lower-left y
+\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 3 % Returns upper-right x
+\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 4 % Returns upper-right y
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastximagecolordepth}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastximagecolordepth}
+ \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+The color depth (\type{1} for 1-bit images, \type{2} for 2-bit images,
+and so on) of the last image accessed with \cs{pdfximage}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastximagepages}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastximagepages}
+ \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This read-only register returns the highest page number from a file
+previously accessed via the \cs{pdfximage} command.
+This is useful only for \PDF\ files; it always returns \type{1}
+for \PNG, \JPEG, or \JBIGTWO\ files.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfimageresolution}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfimageresolution} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+The integer \cs{pdfimageresolution} parameter (given in dots per inch,
+dpi) is a last resort value, used only for bitmap (\JPEG, \PNG,
+\JBIGTWO) images, but not for \PDF{}s. The priorities are as follows:
+Often one image dimension (\type{width} or \type{height}) is stated
+explicitly in the \TEX\ file. Then the image is properly scaled so that
+the aspect ratio is kept. If both image dimensions are given, the image
+will be stretched accordingly, whereby the aspect ratio might get
+distorted. If no image dimensions are given in the \TEX\ file, the image
+size will be calculated from its width and height in pixels, using the
+$x$ and $y$ resolution values normally contained in the image file. If
+one of these resolution values is missing or weird (either $<$~0 or
+$>$~65535), the \cs{pdfimageresolution} value will be used for both $x$
+and $y$ resolution when calculating the image size. And if the
+\cs{pdfimageresolution} is zero, a final fallback resolution of 72dpi is
+used.
+
+The \cs{pdfimageresolution} is read when \PDFTEX\ creates an image via
+\cs{pdfximage}. The given value is clipped to the range $0..65535$
+(dpi).
+
+Currently this parameter is used particularly for calculating the
+dimensions of \JPEG\ images with \EXIF\ information (unless at least one
+dimension is stated explicitly); the resolution values included in
+\EXIF\ data are ignored.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpagebox}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpagebox} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+When \PDF\ files are included, the command \cs{pdfximage} allows the
+selection of which \PDF\ page box to use in the optional
+\Something{image attr spec}. If the option isn't present, the page box
+defaults to the value of \cs{pdfpagebox} as follows: (1)~media box,
+(2)~crop box, (3)~bleed box, (4)~trim box, and (5)~artbox.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfforcepagebox}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfforcepagebox} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+%- It is now possible to specify the pdf page box to use when including pdfs.
+% The syntax has been extended:
+% \pdfximage [<image attr spec>] <general text> (h, v, m)
+% <image attr spec> --> [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] [<page spec>] [<pdf box spec>]
+% <pdf box spec> --> mediabox|cropbox|bleedbox|trimbox|artbox
+% The default is cropbox (which defaults to mediabox), to be compatible with
+% previous versions of pdfTeX.
+% The page box specified at \pdfximage can be globally overridden with the
+% config parameter always_use_pdfpagebox and the command
+% \pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox <integer>, where 0 is the default (use
+% whatever is specified with \pdfximage), 1 is media, 2 is crop, 3 is
+% bleed, 4 is trim and 5 is artbox. This can only be set once per
+% object, i.e., the value used at \pdfximage is remembered.
+% See the PDF Reference for an explanation of the boxes.
+
+The integer primitive \cs{pdfforcepagebox} allows globally overriding
+the choice of the page box used with \cs{pdfximage}. It takes the same
+values as \cs{pdfpagebox}. The command is available starting with
+\PDFTEX\ 1.30.0, as a shortened synonym of obsolete
+\cs{pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox} instruction, but is itself now
+considered obsolete---a combination of \cs{pdfpagebox} and
+\Something{image attr spec} is better.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This controls the behavior of \PDFTEX\ when a \PDF\ file is included
+which has a newer \PDF\ version than the one specified by
+\cs{pdfmajorversion} and \cs{pdfminorversion}. If
+\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel} is set to~0 (the default), \PDFTEX\ gives a
+warning; if 1, \PDFTEX\ raises an error; if negative, no diagnostic at
+all is given.
+
+It was originally a shortened synonym of
+\cs{pdfoptionpdfinclusionerrorlevel}, which is now obsolete.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfimagehicolor}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfimagehicolor} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This parameter, when set to~1, enables embedding of \PNG\ images with
+16~bit wide color channels at their full color resolution. This
+embedding mode is defined only from \PDF\ version~1.5 onwards, so the
+\cs{pdfimagehicolor} functionality is automatically disabled in \PDFTEX\
+if $\cs{pdfminorversion}<5$ and $\cs{pdfmajorversion}=1$; in this case,
+each 16~bit color channel is reduced to a width of 8~bits by stripping
+the lower 8~bits before embedding. The same stripping happens when
+\cs{pdfimagehicolor} is set to~0. If $\cs{pdfmajorversion}=1$ and
+$\cs{pdfminorversion}\ge5$, or $\cs{pdfmajorversion}\ge2$, the default
+value of \cs{pdfimagehicolor} is~1.
+
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfimageapplygamma}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfimageapplygamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive, when set to~1, enables gamma correction while embedding
+\PNG\ images, taking the value of the primitive \cs{pdfgamma} as
+well as the gamma value embedded in the \PNG\ image into account. When
+\cs{pdfimageapplygamma} is set to~0, no gamma correction is
+performed.
+
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfgamma}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfgamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive defines the `device gamma' for \PDFTEX. Values are in
+promilles (same as \cs{mag}). The default value of this primitive
+is~1000, defining a device gamma value of~1.0.
+
+If \cs{pdfimageapplygamma} is set to~1, then whenever a \PNG\ image is
+included, \PDFTEX\ applies a gamma correction. This correction is based
+on the value of the \cs{pdfgamma} primitive and the `assumed device
+gamma' that is derived from the value embedded in the actual image. If
+no embedded value can be found in the \PNG\ image, then the value of
+\cs{pdfimagegamma} is used instead.
+
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfimagegamma}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfimagegamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive gives a default `assumed gamma' value for \PNG\ images.
+Values are in promilles (same as for \cs{pdfamma}). The default value
+of this primitive is~2200, implying an assumed gamma value of~2.2.
+
+When \PDFTEX\ is applying gamma corrections, images that do not have an
+embedded `assumed gamma' value are assumed to have been created for a
+device with a gamma of 2.2. Experiments show that this default setting
+is correct for a large number of images; however, if your images come
+out too dark, you probably want to set \cs{pdfimagegamma} to a lower
+value, like~1000.
+
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpxdimen}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpxdimen} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+While working with bitmap graphics or typesetting electronic documents,
+it might be convenient to base dimensions on pixels rather than \TeX's
+standard units like \type{pt} or \type{em}. For this purpose, \PDFTEX\
+provides an extra unit named \type{px} that takes the dimension given to
+the \cs{pdfpxdimen} primitive. For example, to make the unit \type{px}
+corresponding to 96dpi pixel density (then $\mbox{1px}=72/96$bp), one
+can do the following calculation:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfpxdimen=1in % 1 dpi
+\divide\pdfpxdimen by 96 % 96 dpi
+\hsize=1200px
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Then \cs{hsize} amounts to 1200~pixels in 96dpi, which is exactly
+903.375pt, which \TeX\ rounds to 903.36914pt.
+
+The default value of \cs{pdfpxdimen} is 1.00001bp (for historical
+reasons), corresponding to a pixel density of (a few sp off from) 72dpi.
+The \LUATEX\ default is 1bp (also a few sp off from 72dpi), so to get
+precisely the same behavior in \PDFTEX\ and \LUATEX, set
+\cs{pdfpxdimen}\texttt{=1bp}.
+
+This primitive is completely independent of the
+\cs{pdfimageresolution} and \cs{pdfpkresolution} parameters.
+
+\introduced{1.30.0} It used to be an integer register that gave the
+dimension 1px as number of scaled points, defaulting to 65536 (1px equal
+to $\mbox{65536sp}=1$pt). Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0, \cs{pdfpxdimen}
+is now a real dimension parameter.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinclusioncopyfonts}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinclusioncopyfonts} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If positive, this parameter tells \PDFTEX\ to include fonts that are
+embedded in a \PDF\ file loaded with \cs{pdfximage}, even if those fonts
+are also available on disk. Bigger files might be created, but included
+\PDF\ files are sure to be embedded with the correct fonts; indeed, the
+fonts on disk might be different from the embedded ones, and glyphs
+might be missing.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup}
+ \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when more than one included \PDF\
+file has a so-called ``page group object'' (\type{/Group}), because only
+one can ``win''---that is, be propagated to the page level. Usually
+the page groups are identical, but when they are not, the result is
+unpredictable. It would be ideal if \PDFTEX\ in fact detected whether
+the page groups were the same and only gave the warning in the
+problematic case; unfortunately, this is not easy (a patch would be
+welcome). Nevertheless, often one observes that there is no actual
+problem. Then seeing the warnings on every run is just noise, and can
+be suppressed by setting this parameter to a positive number.
+\introduced{1.40.15}
+
+\section{Annotations}
+
+\PDF\ 1.4 provides four basic kinds of annotations:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item hyperlinks, general navigation
+\item text clips (notes)
+\item movies
+\item sound fragments
+\end{itemize}
+
+The first type differs from the other three in that there is a
+designated area involved on which one can click, or when moved over some
+action occurs. \PDFTEX\ is able to calculate this area, as we will see
+later. All annotations can be supported using the next two general
+annotation primitives.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfannot}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfannot} \Something{annot type spec}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This command appends a whatsit node corresponding to an annotation to
+the list being built. The dimensions of the annotation can be controlled
+via the \Something{rule spec}. The default values are ``running'' for
+all width, height and depth. When an annotation is written out, running
+dimensions will take the corresponding values from the box containing
+the whatsit node representing the annotation. The \Something{general
+text} is inserted as raw \PDF\ code to the contents of annotation. The
+annotation is written only if the corresponding whatsit node is searched
+at shipout time.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastannot}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastannot} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This primitive returns the object number of the last annotation created by
+\cs{pdfannot}. These two primitives allow users to create any annotation
+that cannot be created by \cs{pdfstartlink} (see below).
+
+\section{Destinations and links}
+\label{sec.linking}
+
+The first type of annotation (hyperlinks and navigation), mentioned
+above, is implemented by three primitives. The first one is used to
+define a specific location as being referred to. This location is tied
+to the page, not the exact location on the page. The main reason for
+this is that \PDFTEX\ maintains a dedicated list of these annotations,
+and more when optimized, for the sole purpose of speed.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfdest}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfdest} \Something{dest spec}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This primitive appends a whatsit node which establishes a destination
+for links and bookmark outlines; the link is identified by either a
+number or a symbolic name, and the way the viewer is to display the page
+is specified in \Something{dest spec}, which must be one of those
+mentioned in the table below.
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\bf keyword & \bf meaning \cr
+\tt fit & fit the page in the window \cr
+\tt fith & fit the width of the page \cr
+\tt fitv & fit the height of the page \cr
+\tt fitb & fit the \type{BoundingBox} of the page \cr
+\tt fitbh & fit the width of \type{BoundingBox} of the page \cr
+\tt fitbv & fit the height of \type{BoundingBox} of the page \cr
+\tt fitr \Something{\rm rule spec}
+ & fit according to \Something{\rm rule spec} \cr
+\tt xyz \Optional{zoom \Something{\rm number}}
+ & goto the current position (see below) \cr
+\tt struct \Optional{\Something{\rm number}}
+ & create structure destination (see below) \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+The \Literal{xyz} keyword can optionally be followed by \Literal{zoom}
+\Something{integer} to provide a fixed zoom\hyph in. The
+\Something{integer} is used like the \TEX\ magnification value, \ie\
+1000 is the normal page view. When \Literal{zoom} \Something{integer} is
+given, the zoom factor changes to 0.001 of the \Something{integer}
+value, otherwise the current zoom factor is kept unchanged.
+
+If \Literal{struct} \Something{number} is used, a structure destination
+is created instead of a regular destination, referring to the structure
+element defined in object \Something{number}. Structure destinations use
+a separate namespace and therefore may have the same identifiers as a
+regular destination.
+
+The destination is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is
+searched at shipout time.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfstartlink}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfstartlink}
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{action spec}
+ \Modelist{h, m}
+}}
+
+This primitive is used along with \cs{pdfendlink} and appends
+a whatsit node corresponding to the start of a hyperlink. The whatsit
+node representing the end of the hyperlink is created by
+\cs{pdfendlink}. The dimensions of the link are handled in the
+similar way as in \cs{pdfannot}. Both \cs{pdfstartlink} and
+\cs{pdfendlink} must be in the same level of box nesting. A hyperlink
+with running width can be multi\hyph line or even multi\hyph page, in which case
+all horizontal boxes with the same nesting level as the boxes containing
+\cs{pdfstartlink} and \cs{pdfendlink} will be treated as part of
+the hyperlink. The hyperlink is written out only if the corresponding
+whatsit node is searched at shipout time.
+
+Additional attributes, which are explained in great detail in the
+\PDFReference, can be given via \Something{attr spec}. Typically, the
+attributes specify the color and thickness of any border around the
+link. As a simple example, \verb|/C [0.9 0 0] /Border [0 0 2]| specifies
+a color (in \RGB) of dark red, and a border thickness of 2~points.
+
+While all graphics and text in a \PDF\ document have relative positions,
+annotations have internally hard\hyph coded absolute positions. Again
+this is for the sake of speed optimization. The main disadvantage is
+that these annotations do \emph{not} obey transformations issued by
+\type{\pdfliteral}.
+
+The \Something{action spec} specifies the action that should be
+performed when the hyperlink is activated, one of (see the syntax
+rules): \Literal{user} \Something{user-action spec},
+\Literal{goto} \Something{goto-action spec},
+\Literal{thread} \Something{thread-action spec}.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item A \Something{user-action spec} (\type{user{...}}) performs a
+user\hyph defined action. Examples:
+a \URL, as in \verb|/S /URI /URI (https://tug.org/)|;
+a named action, as in \verb|/S /Named /N /NextPage|.
+
+\item A \Something{goto-action spec} (\type{goto...}) performs various
+goto actions, and is by far the most complex action. Here is a copy of
+the syntax, for easier reference:
+
+\Syntax{\small
+\Something{goto-action spec} \Means %
+ \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{numid}
+ \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid}
+ \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text}
+ \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid} \Something{newwindow spec}
+ \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text} \Something{newwindow spec}
+}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The \Something {numid} and \Something{nameid} alternatives specify a
+destination identifier.
+
+\item The \Something{page spec} alternative specifies a page number for the
+destination. In this case, the zoom factor is given by
+\Something{general text}.
+
+\item The default behavior of \Something{newwindow spec} depends on the
+browser setting.
+
+\item A destination in another \PDF\ file can be given with
+\Something{file spec}, in which case \Something{newwindow spec}
+specifies whether the file should be opened in a new window. A
+\Something{file spec} can be either a \type{(}\Something{string}\type{)}
+or a \type{<<}\Something{dictionary}\type{>>}.
+
+\item If a \Something{goto-action spec} contains a
+\Something{goto-action struct spec}, then a structure destination is
+referenced in addition to the regular destination. The form with
+\Something{general text} is used if and only if a \Something{file spec}
+is present; then the \Something{general text} should expand to a literal
+\PDF\ dictionary describing a structure destination. Otherwise, the
+\Something{numid} or \Something{nameid} directly after the
+\Literal{struct} keyword identify a destination which must have been
+created with \cs{pdfdest} \Literal{struct}\unskip.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item A \Something{thread-action spec} (\type{thread...}) performs
+article thread reading. The thread identifier, \Something{numid} or
+\Something{nameid}, is similar to the destination identifier. A thread
+in another \PDF\ file can be referenced by specifying a \Something{file
+spec}.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfendlink}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfendlink} \Modelist{h, m}}}
+
+This primitive ends a link started with \cs{pdfstartlink}. All text
+between \cs{pdfstartlink} and \cs{pdfendlink} will be treated as part
+of this link. \PDFTEX\ may break the result across lines (or pages), in which
+case it will make several links with the same content.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastlink}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastlink} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This primitive returns the object number of the last link created by
+\cs{pdfstartlink} (analogous to \cs{pdflastannot}).
+\introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflinkmargin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflinkmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This dimension parameter specifies the margin of the box representing
+a hyperlink and is read when a page containing hyperlinks is shipped out.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfdestmargin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfdestmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+Margin added to the dimensions of the rectangle around the destinations.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupdest}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupdest} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when the same destination is used
+more than once. However, due to problematic macro packages, sometimes a
+document may end up producing the warning through no fault of its own,
+and fixing the macros may not be feasible. Then seeing the warnings on
+every run is just noise, and can be suppressed by setting this parameter
+to a positive number. \introduced{1.40.13}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrunninglinkon}, \cs{pdfrunninglinkoff}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrunninglinkoff}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrunninglinkon}}}
+
+These commands create corresponding whatsit nodes which turn off/on
+generation of running links. Their typical usage is to turn off
+generation of running links in the header or footer of a page.
+Generation of running links is on when the shipout routine begins.
+
+The generation of running links works roughly like this: \PDFTEX\ keeps
+a stack of links created by \cs{pdfstartlink}, called
+\type{pdf_link_stack}. When writing out an hbox to \PDF, \PDFTEX\ checks
+if the nesting level of the box is the same as the nesting level of the
+top entry in \type{pdf_link_stack}; if so, that box would become a link,
+too.
+
+The whatsit nodes created by the above primitives turn off/on a flag
+which controls if a hbox being shipped can become a link, in addition to
+the previous condition.
+
+Thus, the commands must be inserted before the hbox in question. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+% (1) good:
+\hbox{\pdfrunninglinkoff
+ \hbox{text that would become a link otherwise}
+}
+
+% (2) bad:
+\hbox{\pdfrunninglinkoff text that would become a link otherwise}
+% too late; \pdfrunninglinkoff must be inserted before the box
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Bookmarks}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfoutline}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfoutline}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{action spec}
+ \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{integer}}
+ \Something{general text}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}}
+
+This primitive creates an outline (or bookmark) entry. The first
+parameter, \Something{attr spec}, specifies the action to be taken, and
+is the same as that allowed for \type{\pdfstartlink}.
+
+The \Literal{count} \Something{integer} specifies the number of direct
+subentries under this entry; specify~0 or omit the clause if this entry
+has no subentries. If the \Something{integer} is negative, then all
+subentries will be closed and the absolute value of this number
+specifies the number of subentries.
+
+The \Something{general text} is what will be shown in the outline
+window. The outline is written to the \PDF\ output immediately.
+
+\section{Article threads}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfthread}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfthread} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{id spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+Defines a bead within an article thread. Thread beads with same
+identifiers (spread across the document) will be joined together.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfstartthread}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftstartthread}
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{id spec} \Modelist{v, m}}}
+
+This uses the same syntax as \cs{pdfthread}, apart that it must be
+followed by a \cs{pdfendthread}. \cs{pdfstartthread} and the
+corresponding \cs{pdfendthread} must end up in vboxes with the same
+nesting level; all vboxes between them will be added into the thread.
+
+In the output routine, if there are other newly created boxes which have
+the same nesting level as the vbox(es) containing \cs{pdfstartthread}
+and \cs{pdfendthread}, they will be also added into the thread, which is
+probably not what you want. To avoid such undesired behavior, it's often
+enough to wrap boxes that shouldn't belong to the thread by a box to
+change their box nesting level.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfendthread}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfendthread} \Modelist{v, m}}}
+
+This ends an article thread started before by \cs{pdfstartthread}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfthreadmargin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfthreadmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+Specifies a margin to be added to the dimensions of a bead within
+an article thread.
+
+\section{Literals and specials}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfliteral}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral}
+ \Optional{\Literal{shipout}}
+ \Optional{\Literal{direct} \Or \Literal{page}}
+ \Something{general text}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}
+ }}
+
+Analogous to \cs{special} in the original \TEX, this command inserts
+raw \PDF\ code into the output, appending a whatsit node to the list
+being built. This allows support of color and text transformation, among
+other things.
+
+By default, \Something{general text} is expanded immediately, when the
+whatsit node is created, as with \cs{special}. Starting with \PDFTEX\
+1.40.25, the optional keyword \Literal{shipout} can be used to delay
+expansion of \Something{general text} until the whatsit node is shipped
+out, as with non-\cs{immediate} \cs{write}.
+
+Normally, \PDFTEX\ ends a text section in the \PDF\ output and sets the
+transformation matrix to the current location on the page before
+inserting \Something{general text}; this can be turned off by
+giving the optional keyword \Literal{direct}.
+
+Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ supports the keyword \type{page}
+in addition to \type{direct}. Both modify the default behavior of
+\cs{pdfliteral}, avoiding translation of the coordinate space before
+inserting the literal code. The difference is that the \type{page}
+keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to close a \type{BT...ET} text block before
+inserting anything. This means that the literal code inserted refers to
+the \PDF\ origin (lower-left corner of the page) and can be safely
+enclosed with \type{q...Q}. In contrast, using \type{q...Q} operators
+inside \cs{pdfliteral} with the \type{direct} keyword will produce
+corrupted \PDF\ output, as the \PDF\ standard doesn't allow doing
+anything like this within a \type{BT...ET} block.
+
+\subsection{\cs{special}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:}
+ \Something{text}\Rbrace}}
+
+This is equivalent to \Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral}
+\Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{special\ direct}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:direct:}
+ \Something{text}\Rbrace}}
+
+This is equivalent to \Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral} \Literal{direct}
+\Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{special\ page}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:page:}
+ \Something{text}\Rbrace}}
+
+This is equivalent to \Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral} \Literal{page}
+\Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{special\ shipout}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{special} \Optional{\Literal{shipout}}
+ \Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace}}
+
+Starting with version 1.40.25, \PDFTEX\ extends the \cs{special}
+primitive to support the optional keyword \Literal{shipout}. This delays
+expansion of \Something{text} until the page is shipped out, as with
+non-\cs{immediate} \cs{write}. By default, \Something{text} is expanded
+immediately.
+
+\Syntax{\cs{special} \Literal{shipout} \Lbrace \Literal{pdf:}
+\Something{text}\Rbrace} is equivalent to \Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral}
+\Literal{shipout} \Lbrace \Something{text}\Rbrace}.
+
+\section{Strings}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfescapestring}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfescapestring} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ provides a mechanism for
+converting a general text into \PDF\ string. Many characters that may be
+needed inside such a text (notably parentheses), have a special meaning
+inside a \PDF\ string object and thus, can't be used literally. The
+primitive replaces each special \PDF\ character by its literal
+representation by inserting a backslash before that character. Some
+characters (\eg\ space) are also converted into 3\hyph digit octal
+number. For example, \verb|\pdfescapestring{Text (1)}| will be expanded
+to \type{Text\040\(1\)}. This ensures a literal interpretation of the
+text by the \PDF\ viewer. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfescapename}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfescapename} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Analogous to \cs{pdfescapestring}, \cs{pdfescapename} replaces each
+special \PDF\ character inside the general text by its hexadecimal
+representation preceded by a \type{#} character. This ensures the proper
+interpretation of the text if used as a \PDF\ name object. In example,
+\verb|Text (1)| will be replaced by \type{Text#20#281#29}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfescapehex}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfescapehex} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command converts each character of \Something{general text} into its
+hexadecimal representation. Each character of the argument becomes a pair of
+hexadecimal digits. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfunescapehex}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfunescapehex} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command treats each character pair of \Something{general text} as
+a hexadecimal number and returns the corresponding characters.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfstrcmp}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfstrcmp} \Something{general text}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command compares two strings and expands to \type{0} if the strings
+are equal, to \type{-1} if the first string ranks before the second, and
+to \type{1} otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmatch}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmatch} \Optional{\Literal{icase}}
+ \Optional{\Literal{subcount} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command implements pattern matching, using \POSIX\ extended regular
+expression syntax. The first \Something{general text} is a pattern and
+the second is a string. The command expands to \type{-1} if the pattern
+is invalid, to \type{0} if no match is found, and to \type{1} if a match
+is found. With the \type{icase} option, the matching is
+case-insensitive. The \type{subcount} option sets the size of the table
+storing the found (sub)patterns; its default is 10. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastmatch}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastmatch} \Something{integer}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+The matches found with \cs{pdfmatch} are stored in a table. This command
+returns the entry for match \Something{integer}, in the format
+\Something{position}\type{->}\Something{string}; \Something{position} is
+the position of the match (starting at zero) or \type{-1} if no match
+was found, and \Something{string} is the matched substring.
+
+Entry~0 contains the match as a whole; the subsequent entries contain
+submatches corresponding to the subpatterns, up to \type{subcount-1}.
+
+If \Something{integer} is less than zero, an error is given.
+
+For instance:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfmatch subcount 3 {ab(cd)*ef(gh)(ij)}{abefghij}
+\pdflastmatch0 % "0->abefghij"
+\pdflastmatch1 % "-1->"
+\pdflastmatch2 % "4->gh"
+\pdflastmatch3 % "-1->"
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Entry~1 is empty because no match was found for \type{cd}, and entry~3
+is empty because it exceeds the table's size as set by \type{subcount}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\section{Numbers}
+
+\subsection{\cs{ifpdfabsnum}, \cs{ifpdfabsdim}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{ifpdfabsnum} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{ifpdfabsdim} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This conditional works like the standard \cs{ifnum} (resp.\ \cs{ifdim}),
+except that it compares absolute values of numbers (dimensions).
+Although it seems to be a trivial shortcut for a couple of regular
+\cs{if} tests, as primitives they are considerably simpler and faster to
+use. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfnormaldeviate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfnormaldeviate} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Generate a normally-distributed random integer with a mean of~0 and
+standard deviation 65536. That is, about 68\% of the time, the result
+will be between $-65536$ and $65536$ (one standard deviation away from
+the mean). About 95\% of results will be within two standard deviations,
+and 99.7\% within three. This primitive expands to a list of tokens.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfuniformdeviate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfuniformdeviate} \Something{number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Generate a uniformly-distributed random integer value between 0
+(inclusive) and \Something{number} (exclusive). This primitive expands
+to a list of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrandomseed}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrandomseed} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+You can use \cs{pdfrandomseed} to query the current seed value, so you
+can \eg\ write the value to the log file. The initial value of the seed
+is derived from the system time, and is not more than 1\,000\,999\,999
+(this ensures that the value can be used with commands like \cs{count}).
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsetrandomseed}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsetrandomseed} \Something{number}}}
+
+Set the random seed (\cs{pdfrandomseed}) to a specific value,
+allowing you to replay sequences of semi-randoms at a later moment.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\section{Timekeeping}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfelapsedtime}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfelapsedtime} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+Return a number that represents the time elapsed from the moment of the
+start of the run. The elapsed time is returned in `scaled seconds',
+meaning seconds divided by 65536, \eg\ \PDFTEX\ has run for
+\the\pdfelapsedtime\ `scaled seconds' when this paragraph was typeset.
+The primitive will never return a value greater than the highest number
+available in \TeX: if the time exceeds 32767 seconds, the constant value
+$2^{31}-1$ will be returned. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfresettimer}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfresettimer}}}
+
+Reset the internal timer so that \cs{pdfelapsedtime}
+starts returning the scaled seconds from~0 again. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\section{Files}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffiledump}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffiledump}
+ \Optional{\Literal{offset} \Something{integer}}
+ \Optional{\Literal{length} \Something{integer}}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands to the dump of the first \type{length} \Something{integer} bytes
+of the file specified by \Something{general text}, in uppercase
+hexadecimal format (same as \cs{pdfescapehex}), starting at offset
+\type{offset}~\Something{number}, or the beginning of the file if
+\type{offset} is zero or not specified. If \type{length} is not given,
+the default is zero, so expands to nothing. Both \Something{integer}s
+must be $\ge0$. For example, the first ten bytes of the source of this
+manual are {\tt\pdffiledump length 10 {./\jobname}}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffilesize}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffilesize} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands to the size of the file specified by \Something{general text},
+\eg\ {\tt \pdffilesize{./\jobname}} for the source of this manual.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmdfivesum\ file}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmdfivesum}
+ \Optional{\Literal{file}}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+If the keyword \type{file} is given, expands to the \MDFIVE\ checksum of
+the \Something{general text} in uppercase hexadecimal format (same as
+\cs{pdfescapehex}). Without \type{file}, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of the
+\Something{general text} taken as a string. For example, the \MDFIVE\ of
+the source for this manual is {\tt \pdfmdfivesum file{./\jobname}}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffilemoddate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffilemoddate} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands to the modification date of file specified by \Something{general
+text}, in the same format as for \cs{pdfcreationdate}, \eg\ {\tt
+\pdffilemoddate {./\jobname}} for the source of this manual. As of
+\PDFTEX\ 1.40.20, if the \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
+\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} environment variables are both set,
+\cs{pdffilemoddate} returns a value in UTC, ending in \type{Z}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{input}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{input} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+As of \TEXLIVE\ 2020, the \cs{input} primitive in all \TEX\ engines,
+including \PDFTEX, now also accepts a group-delimited filename argument,
+as a system-dependent extension, as in
+\cs{input}\Lbrace\type{foo.tex}\Rbrace. The standard usage of \cs{input}
+with a space/token-delimited filename is completely unchanged.
+
+This group-delimited argument was previously implemented in Lua\TEX; now
+it is available in all engines. \ASCII\ double quote characters
+(\type{"}) are removed from the filename, but it is otherwise left
+unchanged after tokenization.
+
+This extension is unlike most others in that it affects a primitive in
+standard \TEX\ (\cs{input}), rather than being related to a new
+primitive, command line option, etc. This is allowed because additional
+methods of recognizing filenames are explicitly mentioned in
+\type{tex.web} as acceptable system-dependent extensions.
+
+Incidentally, this does not directly affect \LATEX's \cs{input}
+command, as that is a macro redefinition of the standard \cs{input}
+primitive.
+
+\introduced{1.40.21}
+
+\section{Color stack}
+
+\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 introduced color stack support; more generally, stacks
+of any graphic state.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcolorstackinit}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcolorstackinit} \Optional{\Literal{page}}
+ \Optional{\Literal{direct}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+The primitive initializes a new graphic stack and returns its number.
+The optional \Literal{page} keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to restore the
+graphic at the beginning of every new page. The optional
+\Literal{direct} keyword has the same effect as for \cs{pdfliteral}
+primitive. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcolorstack}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcolorstack} \Something{stack number}
+ \Something{stack action} \Something{general text}}}
+\noindent \Something{stack action} \Means
+ \Literal{set} \Or \Literal{push} \Or \Literal{pop} \Or \Literal{current}
+
+The command operates on the stack of a given \Something{stack number}.
+If \Something{stack action} is:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\Literal{push}:] the new value in \Something{general text} is inserted at
+the top of the graphic stack and becomes the current stack value.
+
+\item[\Literal{pop}:] the top value is removed from the stack and the new
+top value becomes the top of the stack.
+
+\item[\Literal{set}:] the current value is replaced with
+\Something{general text}, without changing the stack size.
+
+\item[\Literal{current}:] the current stack value is return without
+modifying the stack.
+\end{description}
+
+\introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\section{Transformations}
+
+Since the content of \cs{pdfliteral} is not interpreted, any
+transformation inserted directly into the content stream, as well as
+saving and restoring the current transformation matrix, will be
+unnoticed by \PDFTEX's positioning mechanism. As a consequence, links
+and other annotations (that are formed in \PDF\ on a different layer
+then the page content) are not affected by such user-defined
+transformations. \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 solves this problem with three new
+primitives.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsetmatrix}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsetmatrix}}}
+
+Affine transformations are normally expressed with six numbers. The
+first four (no unit) values defining scaling, rotating and skewing, plus
+two extra dimensions for translation (shifting). Since translation is
+handled by \TeX\ itself, the \cs{pdfsetmatrix} primitive expects as an
+argument a string containing just the first four numbers of the
+transformation separated by a space and assumes the two position
+coordinates to be~0.
+
+For example, \verb|\pdfsetmatrix{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87}| rotates the
+current space by 30 degrees, inserting
+\verb|0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87 0 0 cm| into the output. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsave}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsave}}}
+
+The command saves the current transformation by inserting the \type{q}
+operator into the content stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrestore}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrestore}}}
+
+The command restores previously saved transformation by inserting the
+\type{Q} operator into the content stream. \cs{pdfsave} and
+\cs{pdfrestore} pairs should always be properly nested and should start
+and end at the same group level. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\section{Macro programming}
+
+Expansion-related commands.
+
+\subsection{\cs{expanded}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{expanded} \Something{tokens}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands \Something{tokens} in exactly the same way as \cs{message}. In
+contrast to \cs{edef}, macro parameter characters do not need to be
+doubled. \cs{protected} macros (q.v.) are not expanded.
+\introduced{1.40.20}
+
+\subsection{\cs{ifincsname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{ifincsname} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This conditional is true if evaluated inside \cs{csname} \ldots
+\cs{endcsname}, and false otherwise.
+
+\subsection{\cs{ifpdfprimitive}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{ifpdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This conditional checks if the following control sequence has its
+primitive meaning. If so, \cs{ifpdfprimitive} is true. In any other case
+(redefined, made \cs{undefined}, has never been primitive), it is false.
+\introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{partokencontext}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{partokencontext} \Something{number}}}
+
+The \varname{par-token} (\ie\ the token with the name given by
+\cs{partokenname}, which is \cs{par} by default; see \cs{partokenname},
+next) is inserted into the input stream in different places, according
+to the \cs{partokencontext} value. This value can be:
+
+0 (the default): {\em par-token} is inserted at empty lines (more
+ exactly, when a token category~5 is seen in state~$N$, reading a
+ line); before \cs{end}, \cs{vskip}, \cs{hrule}, \cs{unvbox}, and
+ \cs{halign}, if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode when those commands are
+ seen; and in various error recovery situations. These are the
+ standard cases in \TeX.
+
+1: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
+ \cs{vbox}, \cs{vtop}, and \cs{vcenter}, if \TeX{} is in
+ horizontal mode at the time.
+
+2: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
+ \cs{insert}, \cs{vadjust}, \cs{output}, \cs{noalign}, and
+ items of \cs{valign}, again if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode at the
+ time.
+
+With the default \cs{partokencontext=0}, \TEX\ behaves in its normal
+way: the situations in cases 1 and 2 are processed by a direct call of
+{\em end-paragraph} routine, with no emitted {\em par-token}.
+
+If \cs{partokencontext=1} then \TeX\ inserts the {\em par-token} in
+additional cases: when vertical boxes are completed but horizontal mode
+is not finished. Since vboxes are not uncommonly inserted directly by
+users, with horizontal mode material, this allows macro programmers to
+control all such boxes being finished by a {\em par-token}. An example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\partokenname\_mypar
+\partokencontext=1
+\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
+\vbox{Vbox text.}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This will output ``Hi there!''\ after ``Vbox text.''.
+
+Finally, with \cs{partokencontext=2}, all cases where classical \TeX\
+uses the direct {\em end-paragraph} routine are changed to emit the {\em
+par-token} instead. In contrast to case~1, these commands are rarely
+invoked directly by users with horizontal mode material.
+
+The setting of the register \cs{partokencontext} is local.
+
+\introduced{1.40.24}
+
+\subsection{\cs{partokenname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{partokenname} \Something{control sequence}}}
+
+\TeX{} internally inserts a control sequence, named \cs{par} by
+default, into the input stream at empty lines, the end of vboxes, and
+various other places (see \cs{partokencontext}, above). Let's call this
+control sequence the \varname{par-token}.
+
+Executing \cs{partokenname}\Something{control sequence} changes the
+name of the \varname{par-token} from \cs{par} to the given
+\Something{control sequence}. The setting performed by
+\cs{partokenname} is global.
+
+This makes it possible to release the name \cs{par} to the ``user's name
+space'', \ie\ after using \cs{partokenname}, users can define and use
+\cs{par} as they wish without changing the behavior of anything internal
+to \TeX{}. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\catcode`\_=11
+\partokenname\_mypar % use \_mypar at user level
+\let\_mypar=\par % make \_mypar equivalent to built-in \par
+%
+\def\par{some random text} % redefine \par
+%
+Hello world.
+
+Goodbye.
+\end
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This will not output ``\verb|some random text|'' (the definition of
+\cs{par}), due to the \cs{partokenname} setting.
+
+By default, the meaning of the \varname{par-token} is to end a paragraph
+(also named as \cs{endgraf} in the plain \TEX\ format). It can be
+changed as usual with, for example, \cs{def}. Naturally, it is the
+control sequence name given to \cs{partokenname} that must be
+redefined. Continuing the previous example (prior to the \cs{end}):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
+Paragraph one.
+
+Paragraph two.\let\_mypar=\endgraf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This will output ``Hi there!''\ after ``Paragraph one.'', before ending
+the paragraph.
+
+Another behavior of the \varname{par-token} built into \TEX\ is that
+macros not defined as \cs{long} cause the error ``runaway argument'' if
+the \varname{par-token} is scanned as a parameter. After
+\cs{setpartokenname}, it will be the new control sequence name that
+triggers this error, not \cs{par}. For instance (still continuing the
+same example):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\amac#1{}
+\amac{long test, no error: \par}
+\amac{long test, gives error: \_mypar}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\introduced{1.40.24}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfprimitive}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}}}
+
+This command executes the primitive meaning of the following control
+sequence, regardless of whether the control sequence has been redefined
+or made undefined. If the primitive was expandable, \cs{pdfprimitive}
+expands also. On the other hand, if the following control sequence never
+was a primitive, nothing happens and no error is raised. (In some
+versions of \PDFTEX\ prior to 1.40.19, an error was wrongly given.)
+\introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\section{Typesetting}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinsertht}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinsertht} \Something{integer}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+If \Something{integer} is the number of an insertion class, this command
+returns the current height of the corresponding box. For instance, the
+following returns \type{12pt} in plain \TEX:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+Abc\footnote*{Whatever.}\par
+\pdfinsertht\footins
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastxpos}, \cs{pdflastypos}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastxpos} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastypos} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This primitive returns an integer number representing the absolute $x$
+resp.\ $y$ coordinate of the last point marked by \cs{pdfsavepos}. The
+unit is scaled points (sp).
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsavepos}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsavepos} \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This primitive marks the current absolute ($x,y$) position on the media,
+with the reference point in the lower left corner. It is active only
+during page shipout, when the final page is assembled. The position
+coordinates can then be retrieved by the \cs{pdflastxpos} and
+\cs{pdflastypos} primitives, and \eg\ written out to some auxiliary
+file. The coordinates can be used only after the current \cs{shipout}
+has been finalized, therefore normally two \PDFTEX\ runs are required to
+utilize these primitives. Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0, this mechanism
+can also be used while running in \DVI\ mode.
+
+\subsection{\cs{quitvmode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{quitvmode}}}
+
+The primitive instructs \PDFTEX\ to quit vertical mode and start
+typesetting a paragraph. Thus, \cs{quitvmode} has the same basic effect
+as the \cs{leavevmode} macro from \type{plain.tex}. However,
+\cs{leavevmode} expands the \cs{everypar} token list, which may or may
+not be desired. \cs{quitvmode} does not expand \cs{everypar}.
+\introduced{1.21a}
+
+\subsection{\cs{vadjust}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{vadjust}
+ \Optional{\Something{pre spec}}
+ \Something{filler}
+ \Lbrace \Something{vertical mode material} \Rbrace
+ \Modelist{h, m}
+}}
+
+In \PDFTEX, the \cs{vadjust} primitive supports an additional optional
+qualifier \Something{pre spec}, which is simply the string \type{pre},
+to the original \TEX. If no \type{pre} is given, \cs{vadjust} behaves
+exactly as the original (see {\em The \TEX book}, p.~281): it appends an
+adjustment item created from \Something{vertical mode material} to the
+current list {\em after} the line in which \cs{vadjust} appears. In
+contrast, with the qualifier \type{pre}, the adjustment item is put {\em
+before} the line in which \cs{vadjust pre} appears.
+
+\section{Tracing}
+
+\subsection{\cs{showstream}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{showstream} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If this primitive parameter has a value corresponding to an open output
+stream (which has been opened with \cs{openout}), then any \cs{show},
+\cs{showthe}, \cs{showbox} or \cs{showlists} commands do not write
+output to the terminal, but instead write only to the referenced output
+stream, as if they were written with \cs{immediate}\cs{write}.
+
+For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newwrite\myoutstream
+\immediate\openout\myoutstream="infofile"
+\showstream=\myoutstream
+% From now on, \show... commands are redirected to "infofile.tex".
+\show\TeX
+%
+\showstream=-1
+% -1 is never a open file and therefore restores
+% normal \show... behavior.
+\immediate\closeout\myoutstream
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This example would not generate any special output to the terminal or
+log file (except for any logging done by \cs{newwrite}. It writes
+this text to \type{infofile.tex}, including the initial blank line,
+since that is what \cs{show} does:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+> \TeX=macro:
+->T\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This primitive is available, with identical behavior, in all \TeX\
+engines except the original \TEX\ and \eTeX, where \cs{showstream}
+remains undefined. \introduced{1.40.24}
+
+\subsection{\cs{tracinglostchars}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{tracinglostchars} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive parameter has always been part of \TEX, and its operation
+with values $\le2$ is unchanged. In addition, if its value is
+$\ge3$, then ``Missing character'' reports become full errors
+(ordinarily they are only logged), and the character code is reported in
+hex. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tracinglostchars=3
+\font\x=logo10 \x \char99 \end
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent will result in this error message:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+! Missing character: There is no c ("63) in font logo10.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent (The \type{logo10} font only defines the capital letters used
+in the \METAFONT\ and \METAPOST\ logos, so there is no lowercase.)
+
+This new behavior is essentially the same in all \TeX\ engines except
+the original \TEX\ and \eTeX, where the behavior of
+\cs{tracinglostchars} remains unchanged.
+
+\introduced{1.40.22}
+
+\subsection{\cs{tracingstacklevels}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{tracingstacklevels} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If this primitive parameter is $>0$, and $\cs{tracingmacros}>0$, macro
+expansion logging is truncated at the specified depth. Also, and more
+importantly, each relevant log line is given a prefix beginning with
+\type{~}, either followed by a \type{.} character for each expansion
+level or another \type{~} if the expansion was truncated. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tracingmacros=1 % so macro expansion is logged at all
+\tracingstacklevels=2 % cut off at level 2
+\def\a#1{\relax} % argument to show parameter logging is affected too
+\def\b#1{\a{#1}}
+\b1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent logs the following:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+~.\b #1->\a {#1}
+#1<-1
+~~\a
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Thus, the expansion of \cs{b} is logged normally, with the addition
+of the \type{~.} prefix. The expansion of \cs{a} is truncated
+(level~2), hence neither the parameters nor body expansion are shown.
+
+Furthermore, an \cs{input} file counts as an expansion level, and the
+input filename is logged. So, if we add this to our example above:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input anotherfile
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent where \type{anotherfile.tex} simply contains \cs{b2}, the log
+will get:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+~.INPUT anotherfile.tex
+~~\b
+~~\a
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Now the \cs{b} expansion is not logged either, since the expansion
+depth is higher than the \cs{tracingstacklevels} value.
+
+The intended use of \cs{tracingstacklevels} is not so much to truncate
+logging as to indicate expansion levels for detailed debugging. Thus
+normally it would be set to a large number (\cs{maxdimen}), so that
+everything is fully logged, with the addition of the expansion level
+indication with the number of dots in the prefix.
+
+This primitive is available, with identical behavior, in all \TeX\
+engines except the original \TEX\ and \eTeX, where
+\cs{tracingstacklevels} remains undefined. \introduced{1.40.22}
+
+\section{\PDFTEX\ execution environment}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfdraftmode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfdraftmode} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+When set to 1 (or set by the command-line switch \type{-draftmode}),
+\PDFTEX\ doesn't write the output \PDF\ file and doesn't read any
+images, but does do everything else (including writing auxiliary files),
+thus speeding up compilations when you know you need an extra run but
+don't care about the output, \eg\ just to get cross-references started.
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfshellescape}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfshellescape} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This primitive is~1 if \cs{write18} is enabled, 2 if its operation is
+restricted to known-safe programs, and 0 otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftexbanner}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftexbanner} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Returns the \PDFTEX\ banner message, \eg\ for the version used here:
+{\tt \pdftexbanner}. \introduced{1.20a}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftexrevision}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftexrevision} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Returns the revision number of \PDFTEX, \eg\ for \PDFTEX\ version
+\currentpdftex\ (used to produce this document), it returns the number
+{\tt \pdftexrevision}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftexversion}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftexversion} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+Returns the version of \PDFTEX\ multiplied by 100, excluding the tertiary
+version number, \eg\ for \PDFTEX\ version \currentpdftex\ (used to
+produce this document), it returns {\tt \number\pdftexversion}.
+
+\chapter{Graphics}
+
+\PDFTEX\ supports inclusion of pictures in \PNG, \JPEG, \JBIGTWO, and
+\PDF\ format; a few differences between these are discussed below. The
+most common technique with \TEX, the inclusion of \EPS\ figures, is not
+(and cannot be) supported; \PDF\ inclusion is usually the easiest
+replacement. \EPS\ files can be converted to \PDF\ by \GHOSTSCRIPT,
+Adobe Distiller or other \POSTSCRIPT\hyph to\hyph \PDF\ converters.
+
+\PDFTEX\ allows inserting selected pages from \PDF\ files, carry their
+own fonts, graphics, and pixel images, into a document. The cover page
+of this manual is an example of such an insert, being a one-page
+document generated by \PDFTEX.
+
+By default \PDFTEX\ takes the BoundingBox of a \PDF\ file from its
+CropBox if available, otherwise from its MediaBox. This can be
+influenced by the \Something{pdf box spec} option to the \cs{pdfximage}
+primitive, or by setting the \cs{pdfpagebox} or \cs{pdfforcepagebox}
+primitives to a value corresponding to the desired box type.
+
+To get the right BoundingBox from a \EPS\ file, before converting to
+\PDF, it is necessary to transform the \EPS\ file so that the start
+point is at the (0,0)~coordinate and the page size is set exactly
+corresponding to the BoundingBox. A \PERL\ script (\EPSTOPDF) for this
+purpose and the \PSTOPDF\ program that comes with \GHOSTSCRIPT\ can do a
+similar job. (Concerning this conversion, they can handle complete
+directories, remove some garbage from files, takes precautions against
+duplicate conversion, etc.)
+
+The lossless compressing \PNG\ format is useful for embedding crisp
+pixel graphics (\eg\ line scans, screenshots). As of \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0,
+the alpha channel of \PNG\ images is processed if available; this allows
+embedding of images with simple transparency. The \PNG\ format does not
+support the CMYK color model, which is sometimes required for print
+media (this often can be replaced by four component \JPEG\ in high
+quality or lossless compression mode). Photos in \PNG\ format have
+rather poor compression; here the \JPEG\ format is preferable.
+
+Embedding \PNG\ images in the general case requires \PDFTEX\ to
+uncompress the pixel array and to re\hyph compress it to the \PDF\
+requirements; this may take a noticeable amount of time. Since \PDFTEX\
+1.30.0 there is now a fast \PNG\ embedding mode that goes without
+uncompressing; the image data are directly copied into the \PDF\ stream,
+resulting in a much higher embedding speed. This direct mode is only
+activated if the image array structure of the \PNG\ file is compatible
+with the \PDF\ image structure; \eg\ an interlaced \PNG\ image requires
+uncompressing to re\hyph arrange the image lines. Luckily, it seems that
+in practice \PNG\ files commonly allow fast copying. The use of gamma
+correction disables fast copying, as it requires calculations with
+individual pixels. Whether the fast copy mode is used for a \PNG\ image
+can be seen from the log file, which then shows the string `(PNG copy)'
+after the \PNG\ file name.
+
+The \JPEG\ format is normally used in lossy mode; then it's ideal for
+embedding photos. It's not recommended for crisp images from synthetic
+sources with a limited amount of colors. Both \JFIF\ and \EXIF\ are
+supported for additional information.
+
+The \JBIGTWO\ format works only for bi-tonal (black and white) pixel
+images like scanned line and text documents, but for these it has
+typically a much higher compression ratio than the other two pixel image
+formats. The \JBIGTWO\ format is part of the \PDF\ standard since
+version 1.5; native \JBIGTWO\ image inclusion is available in \PDFTEX\
+since version 1.40.0. A \JBIGTWO\ file might contain many images, which
+gives an even better compression ratio than with a single image per
+file, as \JBIGTWO\ encoders can exploit similarities between bit
+patterns over several images. Encoders for \JBIGTWO\ can operate in
+lossy as well as lossless modes. A free \JBIGTWO\ encoder is available:
+see \useurl{jbigenc} (perhaps there are others).
+
+Other options for graphics in \PDFTEX\ are:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\LATEX\ picture mode] Since this is implemented simply in terms
+of font characters, it works in exactly the same way as usual.
+
+\item[Xy-pic] If the \POSTSCRIPT\ backend is not requested, Xy-pic
+uses its own Type~1 fonts, and needs no special attention.
+
+\item[tpic] The tpic \cs{special} commands (used in some
+macro packages) can be redefined to produce literal \PDF, using some macros
+written by Hans Hagen.
+
+\item[\METAPOST] Although the output of \METAPOST\ is
+\POSTSCRIPT, it is in a highly simplified form, and a \METAPOST\ to
+\PDF\ conversion (\MPTOPDF, available as \type{supp-pdf.tex} and
+\type{supp-pdf.mkii}, written by Hans Hagen and Tanmoy Bhattacharya) is
+implemented as a set of macros which reads \METAPOST\ output and
+supports all of its features.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The inclusion of raw \POSTSCRIPT\ commands, a technique utilized by for
+instance the \type{pstricks} package, cannot directly be supported.
+Although \PDF\ is a direct descendant of \POSTSCRIPT, it lacks any
+programming language commands, and cannot deal with arbitrary
+\POSTSCRIPT.
+
+\chapter{Additional \PDF\ keys}
+\label{sec.addpdfkeys}
+
+{\em This section is based on the manual on keys written by Martin Schr\"oder.}
+
+A \PDF\ document should contain only the structures and attributes defined
+in the \PDF\ specification. However, the specification allows applications
+to insert additional keys, provided they follow certain rules.
+
+The most important rule is that developers have to register with Adobe
+prefixes for the keys they want to insert. Hans Hagen has registered the
+prefix \type{PTEX} for \PDFTEX.
+
+\PDFTEX\ generates an XObject for every included \PDF\ image. The dictionary of
+this object contains these additional keys:
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{lll}
+\bf key & \bf type & meaning \cr
+\tt PTEX.FileName & string & The name of the included file as seen by
+ \PDFTEX. \cr
+\tt PTEX.InfoDict & dictionary & The \type{InfoDict}
+ of the included \PDF\ (an indirect
+ object). \cr
+\tt PTEX.PageNumber & integer & The page number of the included file. \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+The \PDFReference\ says: ``Although viewer applications can
+store custom metadata in the document information dictionary, it is
+inappropriate to store private content or structural information there;
+such information should be stored in the document catalog instead.''
+
+Although it would seem more natural to put this information in the
+document information dictionary, we have to obey the rules laid down in
+the \PDFReference. The following key ends up in the document catalog.
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{llp{.66\hsize}}
+\bf key & \bf type & meaning \cr
+\tt PTEX.Fullbanner & string & The full version of the \PDFTEX\
+ binary that produced the file as displayed by {\tt pdftex
+ \type{--version}}, a.k.a.\ \cs{pdftexbanner} ({\tt\pdftexbanner}).
+ This is necessary because the string in the \type{Producer} key in
+ the info dictionary is rather short, namely {\tt
+ pdfTeX-\currentpdftex}. \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+Any or all of these keys can be suppressed with the
+\cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo} primitive, described in
+section~\ref{sec.docinfocatalog}.
+
+\chapter{Character translation}
+
+Characters that are input to \PDFTEX\ are subject to optional \TEX\
+character translation (\TCX) under control of a \TCX\ file. The \TCX\
+maps the input character codes (\eg\ from \cs{input} or \cs{read}) to
+the character codes as seen by \PDFTEX. This mapping takes place before
+the characters enter \PDFTEX's `mouth'. If no \TCX\ file is read, the
+input characters enter \PDFTEX\ directly; no mapping is done.
+
+\TCX\ files consist of lines each containing one or two integer numbers
+in the range 0..255, either in decimal or hex notation. A comment sign
+\type{%} in a \TCX\ line starts a comment until the end of line. The
+first number in each line is for matching the input character code, the
+second, optional number is the corresponding \TEX\ character code. If a
+line contains only one number, characters with this code enter \PDFTEX\
+unchanged; no mapping is done.
+
+\TCX\ mapping also influences \PDFTEX\ output streams for \cs{message}
+and \cs{write}. Without \TCX\ mapping, only characters that are within
+the range 32..126 are flagged as `printable', meaning that these
+characters are output directly by \cs{message} and \cs{write}
+primitives. Characters outside the range 32..126 are instead output in
+escaped form, \eg\ as \type{^^A} for a character with code \type{0x01}.
+When a character code is mentioned in the 2nd column of the \TCX\ file,
+or as the only value in a line, it is flagged as `printable'. During
+\cs{message} and \cs{write}, output characters are mapped in reverse
+direction: they are looked up in the 2nd column of the \TCX\ file and
+the corresponding values from the 1st column are output. Again, if a
+\PDFTEX\ character code is found as the only number in a line, no
+mapping is done. Mentioning a character code as the only number on a
+line has the sole purpose to flag this code `printable'.
+
+The characters output into the \PDF\ file, \eg\ by the \cs{pdfliteral}
+or \cs{special} primitives, are not subject to \TCX\ output remapping.
+
+Beware: Character translation interferes with the \ENCTEX\ primitives; to
+avoid surprises, don't use \ENCTEX\ and \TCX\ mapping at the same time.
+Further details about \TCX\ file loading can be found in the \WEBC\
+manual, \useurl{tcxfiles}.
+
+Nowadays \TCX\ files are rarely used. The \type{-8bit} command line
+option makes all characters printable, when that is desired.
+
+\appendix
+
+\chapter{Installation}
+
+This section describes the steps needed to get \PDFTEX\ running on a
+system where \PDFTEX\ is not yet installed. Nowadays all known \TEX\
+distributions, such as \TEXLIVE, \MIKTEX, and \MACTEX, include \PDFTEX\
+already. For example, the \TEXLIVE\ distribution comes with \PDFTEX\
+versions for many \UNIX, \WIN, and Mac systems; more information
+can be found at \hbox{\useurl{texlive}.} When you use any of these
+distributions, you don't need to bother with the \PDFTEX\ installation
+procedure in this chapter.
+
+If there is no precompiled \PDFTEX\ binary for your system, or the
+version coming with a distribution is not the current one and you would
+like to try out a fresh \PDFTEX\ immediately, you will need to build
+\PDFTEX\ from sources; read on. You should already have a working \TEX\
+system, \eg\ \TEXLIVE, into which the freshly compiled \PDFTEX\ will be
+integrated. (Numerous support files are required in order to have a
+working binary.) Note that the installation description in this manual
+is \WEBC\hyph specific.
+
+\section{Getting sources and binaries}
+
+The primary home page is \useurl{ptexorg}, where you also find bug
+tracking information. Development sources are at \useurl{ptexdevel}.
+Precompiled binaries for some platforms are available in subdirectories
+below \useurl{ctansystems}, although these are unlikely to be up to
+date. Your best bet is to use a current \TEX\ distribution.
+
+\section{Compiling}
+
+Given a directory where the sources have been downloaded or checked out,
+some working on a \UNIX\ system the following steps are needed to
+compile \PDFTEX:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+cd source # from branches/stable!
+./build-pdftex.sh
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The binary \filename{pdftex} will hopefully then end up in the
+subdirectory \filename{build-pdftex/texk/web2c}. The additional
+utilities \filename{pdftosrc} and \filename{ttf2afm} are in the \PDFTEX\
+source repository, but are not built by default. If they are needed,
+edit \filename{build-pdftex.sh} to \type{--enable} them.
+
+For \PDFTEX\ maintainers: a sibling script to \type{build-pdftex.sh} is
+in the repository, namely \type{sync-pdftex.sh}, which syncs changes
+from a \TEXLIVE\ source repository to a \PDFTEX\ source repository. Read
+and understand the script before using it!
+
+\section{Placing files}
+
+The next step is to put the newly-compiled \filename{pdftex} (and, if
+enabled, \filename{pdftosrc} and/or \filename{ttf2afm}) binaries into
+the installed distribution. \Eg\ for a typical \TEXLIVE\ system:\\
+\texttt{/usr/local/texlive/\rcsyear/bin/}\type{x86_64-linux}, replacing
+\type{x86_64-linux} with the appropriate platform name. (As always, it
+is sensible to rename the installed \filename{pdftex} binary first and
+not just overwrite it.)
+
+If you're doing this into a live hierarchy, run \verb|fmtutil-sys refresh|
+afterwards, so that all formats are regenerated system-wide
+with the new \filename{pdftex} binary.
+
+If what you want is to test a new version of \filename{pdftex}, and not
+replace the installed version, the best approach is to copy it into the
+binary directory as, say, \filename{pdftex.new}. The different
+executable name can sometimes change the files found and other behavior,
+but usually this won't matter.
+
+\PDFTEX\ uses the Kpathsea library to search for supporting files; many
+variables and configuration files can come into play. See the Kpathsea
+manual: \useurl{kpathsea}.
+
+\section{Configuration of \PDFTEX}
+\label{sec.cfg}
+
+As opposed to \TEX\ with its \DVI\ output, the \PDFTEX\ program does not
+have a separate postprocessing stage to transform the \TEX\ input into
+final \PDF. As a consequence, all data needed for building the \PDF\
+must be available during the \PDFTEX\ run, in particular information on
+media dimensions and offsets, graphics files for embedding, and font
+information (font files, encodings).
+
+When \TEX\ builds a page, it places items relative to the (1in,1in)
+offset from the top left page corner (the \DVI\ reference point).
+Separate \DVI\ postprocessors allow specifying the paper size (\eg\ A4
+or letter), so that this reference point is moved to the correct
+position on the paper, and the text ends up at the right place.
+
+In \PDF, the paper dimensions are part of the page definition, and
+\PDFTEX\ therefore requires that they be defined at the beginning of the
+\PDFTEX\ run. As with pages described by \POSTSCRIPT, the \PDF\
+reference point is in the lower left corner.
+
+Formerly, these dimensions and other \PDFTEX\ parameters were read in
+from a configuration file named \filename{pdftex.cfg}, which had a
+special (non-\TEX) format, at the start of processing. Nowadays such a
+file is ignored by \PDFTEX. Instead, the page dimensions and offsets, as
+well as many other parameters, can be set by \PDFTEX\ primitives during
+the \PDFTEX\ format building process, so that the settings are dumped
+into the fresh format and consequently will be used when \PDFTEX\ is
+later called with that format. All settings from the format can still be
+overridden during a \PDFTEX\ run by using the same primitives. This
+configuration concept is a more unified approach, as it avoids a
+configuration file with a special format.
+
+A list of \PDFTEX\ primitives likely relevant to setting up the \PDFTEX\
+engine is given in the table below. All primitives are described in
+detail in previous sections.
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}llll@{}}
+\bf primitive name & \bf type & \bf default & \bf comment\cr
+\cs{pdfoutput} & integer & 0 & \DVI\ by default \cr
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing} & integer & 0 & off \cr
+\cs{pdfcompresslevel} & integer & 9 & best \cr
+\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} & integer & 0 & no object streams \cr
+\cs{pdfdecimaldigits} & integer & 3 & \cr
+\cs{pdfimageresolution} & integer & 72 & dpi \cr
+\cs{pdfpkresolution} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfpkmode} & tokens & empty & mode per \type{mktex.cnf}\cr
+\cs{pdfuniqueresname} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfprotrudechars} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfgentounicode} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfmajorversion} & integer & 1 & output \PDF\ 1.x \cr
+\cs{pdfminorversion} & integer & 4 & specifically \PDF\ 1.4 \cr
+\cs{pdfpagebox} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfforcepagebox} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel} & integer & 0 & \cr
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\cs{pdfhorigin} & dimension & 1in & \cr
+\cs{pdfvorigin} & dimension & 1in & \cr
+\cs{pdfpagewidth} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdfpageheight} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdflinkmargin} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdfdestmargin} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdfthreadmargin} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdfmapfile} & text & \filename{pdftex.map} & not dumped\cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig.configfile} shows a recent \PDFTEX\ configuration file
+(\type{pdftexconfig.tex}) from \TEXLIVE\ (part of the
+\type{tex-ini-files} package), overriding some of these settings. It is
+read when a format is built. It enables \PDF\ output, sets paper
+dimensions and the default pixel density for \PK\ font inclusion. The
+default values are chosen so that \PDFTEX\ often can be used (\eg\ in
+\type{-ini} mode) without setting any additional parameters.
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\myverbatiminput{incl/pdftexconfig.txt}
+\caption{\PDFTEX\ configuration file for \TEXLIVE\
+ (\texttt{pdftexconfig.tex}).}
+\label{fig.configfile}
+\end{figure}
+
+Independent of whether such a configuration file is read, the first
+action in a \PDFTEX\ run is reading the global \WEBC\ configuration file
+(\filename{texmf.cnf}), which is common to all programs in the \WEBC\
+system. This file mainly defines file search paths, the memory layout
+(\eg\ string pool and hash size), and a few other general parameters.
+
+\section{Creating format files}
+
+The \PDFTEX\ engine supports building separate formats for either \DVI\
+or \PDF\ output in the same way as the classical \TEX\ engine does for
+\DVI. Format generation (and other \type{initex} features) is enabled by
+the \type{-ini} option. The default mode (\DVI\ or \PDF) can be chosen
+either on the command line by setting the option \type{-output-format}
+to \type{dvi} or \type{pdf}, or by setting the \cs{pdfoutput} parameter.
+The format file inherits this setting, so that a later invocation of
+\PDFTEX\ with this format starts in the preselected mode (which can
+still be overridden). A format file can be read in only by the engine
+that has generated it; a format incompatible with an engine leads to a
+fatal error.
+
+It is customary to package the configuration and macro file input into a
+\type{.ini} file. \Eg\ the file \type{etex.ini} in
+figure~\ref{fig.etex.ini} is for generating an \ETEX\ format with \DVI\
+output. It has been traditional for many years to generate
+\type{etex.fmt} with \PDFTEX\ rather than the original \ETEX, because
+\PDFTEX\ contains useful additional programming and other
+non-\PDF-related features.
+
+The \type{pdfetex.ini} file figure~\ref{fig.pdfetex.ini} shows the
+corresponding format with \PDF\ output by default; this is what creates
+the format file read when \type{pdftex} is normally invoked.
+
+The corresponding \PDFTEX\ invocations for format generation are:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+pdftex -ini *etex.ini
+pdftex -ini *pdfetex.ini
+\end{verbatim}
+
+These calls produce format files \filename{etex.fmt},
+\filename{pdfetex.fmt}, as the default format file name is taken from
+the input file name. You can override this with the \type{-jobname}
+option. The asterisk \type{*} before the file name is an unusual flag,
+only used in \type{-ini} mode, which causes the \PDFTEX\ engine to
+enable \ETEX's features.
+
+To reiterate, the distribution (\TEXLIVE, \MIKTEX) usually takes care of
+format (re)generation. The above is if you need to do such things
+manually for testing, debugging, development, etc.
+
+Incidentally, as of \PDFTEX\ 1.40.21 (\TEX\ Live 2020), \filename{.fmt}
+files are compressed with \type{zlib}. This makes for a considerable
+savings in space, and consequently in time.
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\myverbatiminput{incl/ini-etex.txt}
+\caption{The \type{etex.ini} file to dump the plain \ETEX\ format with
+ \DVI\ output.}
+\label{fig.etex.ini}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\myverbatiminput{incl/ini-pdfetex.txt}
+\caption{The \type{pdfetex.ini} file to dump plain \ETEX\ with \PDF\ output.}
+\label{fig.pdfetex.ini}
+\end{figure}
+
+\section{Testing the installation}
+
+When everything is set up, you can test the installation. A simple test
+of plain \PDFTEX\ is:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+pdftex story \\end
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This should typeset the famous one-page short story by A.U. Thor,
+generating a \PDF\ file.
+
+A more thorough and descriptive test is the plain \TEX\ test file
+\filename{samplepdf.tex}, available in the distribution in the
+\type{samplepdftex/} directory. Process this file by typing:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+pdftex samplepdf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If the installation is ok, this should produce a file called
+\filename{samplepdf.pdf}. The file \filename {samplepdf.tex} is also a
+good place to look for examples of how to use \PDFTEX's primitives.
+
+\section{Common problems}
+
+The most common problem with installations is that \PDFTEX\ complains
+that some file cannot be found. In such cases, first make sure that all
+\TEX-related environment variables are unset. For detailed debugging,
+set the environment variable \type{KPATHSEA_DEBUG=255} before running
+\PDFTEX\ or use the option \verb|-kpathsea-debug 255|. More options can
+be found in the \WEBC\ documentation.
+
+Variables in \filename{texmf.cnf} can be overwritten by environment
+variables. Here are some of the most common problems you can encounter
+when getting started:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \verb|I can't find the format file `pdftex.fmt'!| \newline
+ \verb|I can't find the format file `pdflatex.fmt'!|
+
+ The format file is not created (see above how to do that) or
+ is not properly placed. Make sure that \type{TEXFORMATS} in
+ \filename {texmf.cnf} contains the path to \filename {pdftex.fmt}
+ or \filename {pdflatex.fmt}.
+
+\item \verb|Fatal format file error; I'm stymied|
+
+ This typically appears if you forgot to regenerate the \type{.fmt}
+ files after installing a new version of the \PDFTEX\ binary.
+ The first line tells by which engine the offending format was generated.
+
+\item \PDFTEX\ cannot find one or more map files (\type{*.map}),
+ encoding vectors (\type{*.enc}), virtual fonts, Type~1 fonts,
+ TrueType or OpenType fonts, or some image file.
+
+ Make sure that the required file exists and the corresponding variable
+ in \filename{texmf.cnf} contains a path to the file.
+
+ When you have installed new fonts, and your \PDF\ viewer complains
+ about missing fonts, you should take a look at the log file produced
+ by \PDFTEX. Missing fonts, map files, encoding vectors as well as
+ missing characters (glyphs) are reported there.
+\end{itemize}
+
+For more help resources of all kinds, see \useurl{tughelp}.
+
+\chapter{Formal syntax specification}
+\label{sec.syntax}
+
+This appendix formally specifies the \PDFTEX-specific extensions to the
+\TEX\ macro programming language. Most primitive names are prefixed by
+`\type{pdf}'. General definitions and syntax rules follow after the list
+of primitives.
+
+Two new units of measure were introduced in \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0: the new
+Didot ($\mbox{1nd}=0.375$mm) and the new Cicero ($\mbox{1nc}=12$nd). The
+former was proposed by \ISO\ in 1975.
+
+\begingroup
+ \parindent=0pt
+ % because the summary is nothing but a long string of \Syntax
+ % commands, we have to allow breaks, in contrast to the main text.
+ \def\aftersyntax{\par\vskip 1.5pt plus1pt minus1pt\relax}
+
+% Generated list of primitives (see Makefile).
+\input{incl/pdftex-syntax.tex}
+
+\section{General definitions and syntax rules}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{general text} \Means
+ \Lbrace \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{attr spec} \Means
+ \Literal{attr} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{resources spec} \Means
+ \Literal{resources} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{rule spec} \Means
+ (\Literal{width} \Or \Literal{height} \Or \Literal{depth})
+ \Something{dimen} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+}
+
+%\Syntax{\Something{object type spec} \Means
+% \Optional{\Literal{stream}
+% \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}} \Something{object contents}}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{object type spec} \Means
+ \Literal{reserveobjnum}
+ \Or \Next
+ \Optional{\Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}} \Next
+ \Optional{\Literal{stream} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}}
+ \Something{object contents}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{annot type spec} \Means
+ \Literal{reserveobjnum}
+ \Or \Next
+ \Optional{\Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}}
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{object contents} \Means
+ \Something{file spec}
+ \Or \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{xform attr spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Optional{\Something{resources spec}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{image attr spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{page spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}}
+ \Next \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{outline spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{action spec}
+ \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{number}}
+ \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{action spec} \Means
+ \Literal{user} \Something{user-action spec}
+ \Or \Literal{goto} \Something{goto-action spec}
+ \Or \Next \Literal{thread} \Something{thread-action spec}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{user-action spec} \Means
+ \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{goto-action struct spec} \Means
+ \Literal{struct} (\Something{numid} \Or \Literal{nameid} \Or \Something{general text})
+}
+
+% keep in sync with redundant copy below.
+\Syntax{
+\Something{goto-action spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{numid}
+ \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid}
+ \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text}
+ \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid} \Something{newwindow spec}
+ \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text} \Something{newwindow spec}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{thread-action spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Something{numid}
+ \Or \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Something{nameid}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{colorspace spec} \Means
+ \Literal{colorspace} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{pdf box spec} \Means
+ \Literal{mediabox}
+ \Or \Literal{cropbox}
+ \Or \Literal{bleedbox}
+ \Or \Literal{trimbox}
+ \Or \Literal{artbox}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{map spec} \Means
+ \Lbrace \Optional{\Something{map modifier}}
+ \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{map modifier} \Means
+ \Literal{+} \Or \Literal{=} \Or \Literal{-}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{numid} \Means
+ \Literal{num} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{nameid} \Means
+ \Literal{name} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{newwindow spec} \Means
+ \Literal{newwindow} \Or \Literal{nonewwindow}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{dest spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Literal{struct} \Something{number}}
+ (\Something{numid} \Or \Something{nameid})
+ \Something{dest type}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{dest type} \Means
+ \Literal{xyz} \Optional{\Literal{zoom} \Something{number}}
+ \Or \Literal{fitr} \Something{rule spec}
+ \Or \Next \Literal{fitbh}
+ \Or \Literal{fitbv}
+ \Or \Literal{fitb}
+ \Or \Literal{fith}
+ \Or \Literal{fitv}
+ \Or \Literal{fit}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{thread spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{id spec}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{id spec} \Means
+ \Something{numid} \Or \Something{nameid}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{file spec} \Means
+ \Literal{file} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{page spec} \Means
+ \Literal{page} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{expand spec} \Means
+ \Something{stretch}
+ \Something{shrink}
+ \Something{step}
+ \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{stretch} \Means
+ \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{shrink} \Means
+ \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{step} \Means
+ \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{pre spec} \Means
+ \Literal{pre}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{stack action} \Means
+ \Literal{set} \Or \Literal{push} \Or \Literal{pop} \Or \Literal{current}
+}
+
+\endgroup % of syntax definitions
+
+\medskip
+
+A \Something{general text} is expanded immediately, like \cs{special}
+in traditional \TEX, unless explicitly mentioned otherwise.
+
+Some of the object and image-related primitives can be prefixed by
+\cs{immediate}.
+
+\chapter{Abbreviations used in this manual}
+
+In this document we use numerous abbreviations. For convenience we give
+their meanings here.
+
+\abbrevlist
+
+\twocolumn {\small \emergencystretch=1.5em \input{incl/fdl-1.2.tex}}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftexmanual.cls b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftexmanual.cls
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc67671234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftexmanual.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+% $Id: pdftexmanual.cls 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
+% LaTeX class file for the pdfTeX manual.
+% Originally written by Karl Berry, 2023. Public domain.
+
+\LoadClass[11pt]{report} % use {report} so we can have \appendix
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % for \textbackslash
+\usepackage{fullpage} % fewer pages is better
+\usepackage{rerunfilecheck} % so the Makefile can easily rerun
+\usepackage{mflogo,graphicx} % basics
+\usepackage{verbatim} % for \verbatiminput
+
+\divide\abovecaptionskip by 2 % too spacey by default
+\setcounter{topnumber}{3} % .ini figures
+
+\pdfminorversion=3 % maximally compatible
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0 % since minor version=3, can't compress objects
+\hbadness=10000 % don't care
+\overfullrule=1mm % but want to see overfull
+
+% This is the default hsize for letter; not ideal, but works well enough
+% for a4. Too irritating to rewrite to avoid overfull hboxes with two
+% different widths.
+\AtBeginDocument{\hsize=469.75502pt }
+
+% If |microtype| is loaded, deactivate it in verbatim blocks.
+% It often manipulates a leading |\| in CM rather too much,
+% thus messing with the visible fixed-width alignment.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \@ifpackageloaded{microtype}
+ {\g@addto@macro\@verbatim{\microtypesetup{activate=false}}}{}
+}
+
+% We want a verbatim command that will accept all special characters (so
+% \texttt doesn't work) and work in arguments (so \verb doesn't work).
+%
+% - can't use obeyspaces, it generates extra space.
+%\PassOptionsToPackage{obeyspaces}{url}
+%
+% - can't use \HyOrg@url (\url saved by hyperref), it doesn't obey spaces.
+% But we have to live with it, switching all args with spaces to \verb.
+\usepackage[allowmove]{url} % we only do simple stuff in \caption, let it work
+\def\type{\HyOrg@url}
+% / in our document is PostScript, not a url, so we want to allow a
+% break before, not after. But then we get an infloop, so disallow breaks.
+%\g@addto@macro\UrlSpecials{\do\/{\slash}}
+\g@addto@macro\UrlNoBreaks{\do\/}
+%
+% - can't use \nolinkurl from hyperref, doesn't obey spaces, breaks after /,
+% sometimes expands, e.g., \pdfcreationdate.
+% https://github.com/latex3/hyperref/issues/291
+%\def\type{\nolinkurl}
+%
+% - can't use \lstinline, doesn't work in tables.
+%\usepackage{listings}\def\type{\lstinline}
+%
+% - expl3 attempt:
+% \NewDocumentCommand\type{v}{\texttt{#1}}
+% but gets error, so I guess I don't understand:
+% LaTeX cmd Error: Verbatim-like command '\type' illegal in arg
+% \pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfoutput}
+%
+% It seems the general problem remains unsolved in LaTeX.
+
+\usepackage[pdfa,hidelinks,linktoc=all]{hyperref}
+
+% Assorted convenience macros.
+%
+% we can use \textbackslash since we load [T1].
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{\mbox{\tt \textbackslash #1}}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\titleref}[1]{{\slshape\frenchspacing#1\/}}
+
+\def\eTeX{{$\varepsilon$}-\kern-.125em\TeX}
+\def\filename{\type}
+\def\hyph{-\penalty0 \hskip0pt \relax} % allow hyphenation after a -
+\def\varname{\textit}
+%
+\def\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+\def\MDFIVE{MD5} % not oldstyle 5, capital MD
+\def\PDFReference{PDF reference manual}
+\def\THANH{H\`an Th\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}} Th\`anh}
+%S
+\def\eg{e.g.,}\def\Eg{E.g.,}
+\def\ie{i.e.,}\def\Ie{I.e.,}
+%
+% the default \verbatiminput evidently ends with a blank line.
+% Also, it does not give an error when the input file does not exist,
+% only a terminal message. Let's complain.
+\def\myverbatiminput#1{\begingroup
+ \small
+ \openin0 = #1
+ \ifeof0 \errmessage{No verbatiminput file #1}\else\closein0 \fi
+ \verbatiminput{#1}%
+ \vspace{-\baselineskip}%
+\endgroup}
+%
+\newenvironment{smalltable}{\medskip\small}{\medskip}
+
+% Our self-identified version information.
+%
+\def\svnscan $#1 #2 #3 #4-#5-#6 #7${
+ \def\rcsrevision{#3}
+ \def\rcsyear{#4}
+ \def\rcsmonth{#5}
+ \def\rcsday{{\count0=#6\relax\the\count0}}
+ \def\rcsmonthname{\ifcase\rcsmonth ERROR\or
+ January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or
+ August\or September\or October\or November\or December\else ERROR\fi}
+}
+\def\versplit#1#2#3{#1.#2#3}% 140 -> 1.40
+\def\currentpdftex{\expandafter\versplit\the\pdftexversion.\pdftexrevision}
+
+% Syntax descriptions.
+%
+% used in main source text to mark a primitive.
+\def\pdftexprimitive{\par\nobreak\vspace{-4pt}\noindent\strut}
+
+\def\aftersyntax{\nobreak\smallskip} % changed for appendix
+\def\Syntax #1{{#1\strut}\par\aftersyntax}
+\def\Next {\nobreak\newline\hbox to 4em{}\nobreak} % multiline syntax
+\def\Sugar {}
+\def\Lbrace {\Sugar{\allowbreak\texttt{\textbraceleft}}}
+\def\Literal #1{\Sugar{\type{#1}}}
+\def\Means {\Sugar{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\;\;}}
+\def\Modelist #1{\Sugar{\;\ensuremath{(\hbox{#1})}}}
+\def\Optional #1{\Sugar{\ensuremath{\,[\,\hbox{#1}\,]\,}}}
+\def\Or {\Sugar{\,\ensuremath{\vert}\,\nobreak\ }}
+\def\Something#1{\Sugar{\ensuremath{\langle}{#1}\ensuremath{\rangle}}}
+\def\Rbrace {\Sugar{\texttt{\textbraceright}}}
+%\def\Tex #1{\Sugar{\type{#1}}}
+\def\Whatever #1{\Sugar{\kern.75em\ensuremath{(\hbox{#1})}}} % parens
+ % more space before, more separation on syntax lines.
+% introduced:
+\def\introduced#1{The primitive was introduced in \PDFTEX\ #1.}
+\def\introducedplural#1{The primitives were introduced in \PDFTEX\ #1.}
+
+% Urls.
+%
+% assume all defined url control sequences start with "url":
+\def\useurl#1{\expandafter\csname url#1\endcsname}
+
+\urldef{\urlctansystems} \url{https://ctan.org/tex-archive/systems}
+\urldef{\urletexctan} \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/etex}
+\urldef{\urljbigenc} \url{https://github.com/agl/jbig2enc}
+\urldef{\urlkpathsea} \url{https://tug.org/kpathsea}
+\urldef{\urlluatex} \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex}
+\urldef{\urlpdfreference} \url{https://pdfa.org/resource/pdf-specification-index/}
+\urldef{\urlptexctan} \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex}
+\urldef{\urlptexdevel} \url{svn://tug.org/pdftex/branches/stable}
+\urldef{\urlptexbugs} \url{https://lists.tug.org/pdftex}
+\urldef{\urlptexorg} \url{https://www.pdftex.org}
+\urldef{\urltcxfiles} \url{https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#TCX-files}
+\urldef{\urltexlive} \url{https://tug.org/texlive}
+\urldef{\urlthanhtruetypetub} \url{https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb30-1/tb94thanh.pdf}
+\urldef{\urltughelp} \url{https://tug.org/begin}
+\urldef{\urlwebc} \url{https://tug.org/web2c}
+\urldef{\urlxetex} \url{https://tug.org/xetex}
+\urldef{\urlwindows} \url{http://ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/windows}
+
+% Abbreviations.
+\newtoks\abbrevtoks
+\def\abbrevlist{{%
+ \par\bigskip
+ \small
+ \advance\baselineskip by 2pt plus1pt minus1pt
+ \halign{&##\qquad\hfil\cr\the\abbrevtoks}%
+}}
+\def\abbrevitem#1#2{#1&#2\cr}
+\def\abbreviation[#1] #2 #3{%
+ \expandafter\def\csname#1\endcsname{#2}%
+ \abbrevtoks = \expandafter{\the\abbrevtoks \abbrevitem{#2}{#3}}
+}
+
+\abbreviation [AFM] {AFM} {Adobe Font Metrics}
+\abbreviation [ASCII] {ASCII} {American Standard Code for Information Interchange}
+\abbreviation [CONTEXT] {\ConTeXt} {general purpose macro package}
+\abbreviation [CTAN] {CTAN} {global \TEX\ archive server}
+\abbreviation [DVI] {DVI} {native \TEX\ DeVice Independent file format}
+\abbreviation [ENCTEX] {enc\TeX} {enc\TeX\ extension to \TEX}
+\abbreviation [EPSTOPDF] {epstopdf} {\EPS\ to \PDF\ conversion tool}
+\abbreviation [EPS] {EPS} {Encapsulated PostScript}
+\abbreviation [EPLAIN] {Eplain} {Expanded plain \TEX\ format}
+\abbreviation [ETEX] {\eTeX} {a stable extension to \TEX}
+\abbreviation [EXIF] {EXIF} {Exchangeable Image File format (JPEG file variant)}
+\abbreviation [GHOSTSCRIPT] {Ghostscript} {\POSTSCRIPT\ and \PDF\ language interpreter}
+\abbreviation [GNU] {GNU} {GNU's Not Unix}
+\abbreviation [HZ] {HZ} {Hermann Zapf's paragraph-breaking optimizations}
+\abbreviation [ISO] {ISO} {International Organization for Standardization}
+\abbreviation [JBIGTWO] {JBIG2} {Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group image format, version 2}
+\abbreviation [JBIG] {JBIG} {Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group image format}
+\abbreviation [JFIF] {JFIF} {JPEG File Interchange Format}
+\abbreviation [JPEG] {JPEG} {Joint Photographic Experts Group}
+\abbreviation [LATEX] {\LaTeX} {general-purpose macro package}
+\abbreviation [LMTX] {LMTX} {the LuaMeta\TeX\ engine}
+\abbreviation [LUATEX] {Lua\TeX} {the Lua\TeX\ engine}
+\abbreviation [MACTEX] {Mac\-\TeX} {\TEXLIVE\ on the Mac}
+\abbreviation [METAFONT] {\MF} {graphic programming environment, bitmap output}
+\abbreviation [METAPOST] {MetaPost} {graphic programming environment, vector output}
+\abbreviation [MIKTEX] {MiK\TeX} {\TeX\ distribution for \WIN}
+\abbreviation [MLTEX] {ml\TeX} {ML\TeX\ extension to \TEX}
+\abbreviation [MPTOPDF] {mptopdf} {\METAPOST\ to \PDF\ conversion tool}
+\abbreviation [PDFA] {PDF/\kern-.05em A} {PDF A/* standards}
+\abbreviation [PDFETEX] {pdfe\TeX} {\ETEX\ extension supporting \PDF\ output}
+\abbreviation [PDFLATEX] {pdf\LaTeX} {\LATEX\ format using \PDFTEX, producing \PDF}
+\abbreviation [PDFTEX] {pdf\TeX} {\TEX\ extension supporting \PDF\ output}
+\abbreviation [PDF] {PDF} {Portable Document Format}
+\abbreviation [PERL] {Perl} {Perl programming environment}
+\abbreviation [PFA] {PFA} {Adobe PostScript Font format, ASCII}
+\abbreviation [PFB] {PFB} {Adobe PostScript Font format, binary}
+\abbreviation [PK] {PK} {Packed bitmap font}
+\abbreviation [PNG] {PNG} {Portable Network Graphics}
+\abbreviation [POSIX] {POSIX} {Portable Operating System Interface}
+\abbreviation [POSTSCRIPT] {PostScript} {general graphics language}
+\abbreviation [PSTOPDF] {PStoPDF} {PostScript to \PDF\ converter (on top of \GHOSTSCRIPT)}
+\abbreviation [RGB] {RGB} {red--green--blue color specification}
+\abbreviation [TCX] {TCX} {\TEX\ Character Translation}
+\abbreviation [TDS] {TDS} {\TEX\ Directory Standard}
+\abbreviation [TEXINFO] {Texinfo} {\GNU\ documentation format}
+\abbreviation [TEXLIVE] {\TeX\ Live} {\TeX\ Live distribution (cross-platform)}
+\abbreviation [TEX] {\TeX} {typographic language and program}
+\abbreviation [TFM] {TFM} {\TEX\ Font Metrics}
+\abbreviation [TIF] {TIFF} {Tagged Interchange File format}
+\abbreviation [TUG] {TUG} {\TEX\ Users Group, \texttt{tug.org}}
+\abbreviation [UNIX] {Unix} {Unix platform}
+\abbreviation [URL] {url} {Uniform Resource Locator}
+\abbreviation [UTFEIGHT] {\mbox{UTF-8}} {Uniform Resource Locator}
+\abbreviation [WEBC] {Web2C} {Implementation framework for \TEX\ and friends}
+\abbreviation [WEB] {WEB} {literate programming environment}
+\abbreviation [WIN] {Windows} {Microsoft Windows platform}
+\abbreviation [XETEX] {Xe\TeX} {the Xe\TeX\ engine}
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.awk b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.awk
deleted file mode 100644
index cdabfe77f8..0000000000
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.awk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-# $Id: syntaxform.awk 742 2016-04-25 17:30:55Z karl $
-# Public domain. Originally written by Petr Olsak.
-# pdftex-syntax.tex and pdftex-t.tex --> pdftex-syntax.txt
-# requires gawk due to gensub() function
-
-BEGIN{
- buffer = "";
-}
-
-/\015*$/ {
- gsub(/\015*$/, "");
-}
-
-/^%%S NL/ {
- print "";
- next;
-}
-
-/^%%S/ {
- gsub (/^%%S/, "%%" );
- print;
- next;
-}
-
-/^\\Syntax/ {
- printing = 1;
- indentation = 0;
- next;
-}
-
-// {
- if (buffer != "") {
- gsub(/^ */, "");
- $0 = buffer $0;
- }
- buffer = "";
-}
-
-/\|\|/ {
- gsub(/\|\|/, "-");
-}
-
-/^ */{
- gsub(/^ */, indspaces);
-}
-
-/\\Something/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\Something *{([^}]*)}/, "<\\1>", "g");
-}
-
-/\\Literal/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\Literal *{([^}]*)}/, "\\1", "g");
-}
-
-/\\Tex/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\Tex *{([^}]*)}/, "\\1", "g");
-}
-
-/\\tex/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\tex *{([^}]*)}/, "\\\\\\1", "g");
-}
-
-
-/\\Optional/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\Optional *{([^}]*)}/, "[\\1]", "g");
-}
-
-/\\Means/ {
- gsub(/\\Means/, "-->");
- indentation = match($0, /-->/);
- indspaces = " ";
- for(i=0; i < indentation; i++)
- indspaces = indspaces " ";
-}
-
-/\\Lbrace/ {
- gsub(/\\Lbrace/, "{");
-}
-
-/\\Rbrace/ {
- gsub(/\\Rbrace/, "}");
-}
-
-/\\Or/ {
- gsub(/\\Or/, "|");
-}
-
-/\\Next/ {
- gsub(/\\Next /, "");
-}
-
-/\\unkern/ {
- gsub(/\\unkern */, "");
-}
-
-/\\(Whatever|Modelist)/ {
- whatind = 57;
- whatpos = match($0, /\\(Whatever|Modelist)/);
- b = substr($0, 0, whatpos - 1)
- c = substr($0, whatpos)
- c = gensub(/\\(Whatever|Modelist) *{([^}]*)}/, "(\\2)", "g", c);
- $0 = b;
- for(i = whatpos; i < whatind; i++)
- $0 = $0 " ";
- $0 = $0 c;
-}
-
-/^}/ {printing = 0;}
-
-/% *$/ {
- gsub(/% *$/, "");
- buffer = $0;
- next;
-}
-
-/^ *$/ {
- $0 = "================= ERROR";
-}
-
-/ *$/ {
- gsub(/ *$/, "");
-}
-
-{ if (printing) print; }
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl
index ad92b3ce30..2ebe41e990 100755
--- a/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl
@@ -1,70 +1,74 @@
#!/usr/bin/env perl
-# $Id: syntaxform.pl 743 2016-04-25 17:34:08Z karl $
+# $Id: syntaxform.pl 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
# Public domain. Originally written by Karl Berry, 2016.
-# Read pdftex-t.tex, generate pdftex-syntax.tex
+# Read pdftex.tex and generate pdftex-syntax.tex
# by looking for the primitive descriptions.
-use warnings;
+use strict; use warnings;
+
+# classes need to be shown in a specific order,
+# and have specific text for the headings.
+# sorry for using an array. global for simpler sorting.
+my %class_info = (
+ "integer" => [1, "Integer registers"],
+ "read-only integer" => [2, "Read-only integers"],
+ "dimen" => [3, "Dimen registers"],
+ "tokens" => [4, "Token registers"],
+ "expandable" => [5, "Expandable commands"],
+ "general" => [6, "General commands"],
+);
+
+exit (&main ());
sub main {
my %primitive = &read_manual_for_primitives ();
# group primitives into classes based on their \Whatever construct.
my %class;
+ #warn "\n\f\n sorting\n";
for my $p (sort keys %primitive) {
+ #print STDERR "sorting primitive $p...";
my ($class) = $primitive{$p} =~ /\\Whatever *\{(.*?)\}/;
# general commands don't have a \Whatever.
$class = "general" if ! $class;
+ #warn "class $class\n";
# append this primitive, comma-separated.
$class{$class} .= "$p,"
}
print <<END_HEADER;
-%%S \$Id: syntaxform.pl 742 2016-04-25 17:30:55Z karl \$
-%%S This is the list of new or extended primitives provided by pdftex.
-%%S Don't edit this file, as it is now auto-generated from the
-%%S pdfTeX manual source pdftex-t.tex (and the generated
-%%S pdftex-syntax.tex) by the script syntaxform.awk.
-%%S Syntax rule conventions borrowed from `TeXbook naruby' by Petr Olsak.
+% This is the list of new or extended primitives provided by pdftex.
+% Don't edit this file, as it is auto-generated from the
+% pdfTeX manual source pdftex.tex by the script syntaxform.pl.
+% Syntax rule conventions borrowed from `TeXbook naruby' by Petr Olsak.
END_HEADER
&print_by_class (\%class, \%primitive);
return 0;
}
{
- # classes should be shown in a specific order,
- # and have specific text for the headings.
- # sorry for using an array.
- my %class_info = (
- "integer" => [1, "Integer registers"],
- "read||only integer" => [2, "Read-only integers"],
- "dimen" => [3, "Dimen registers"],
- "tokens" => [4, "Token registers"],
- "expandable" => [5, "Expandable commands"],
- "general" => [6, "General commands"],
- );
sub print_by_class {
my ($class_ref,$primitive_ref) = @_;
my %class = %$class_ref;
+ #warn "\n\f\n printing by class\n";
for my $c (sort by_class keys %class) {
- my $aref = $class_info{$c};
+ #warn "\f printing class $c\n";
+ my $aref = $class_info{$c};
my $heading_name = $class_info{$c}->[1];
- # the %%S lines are for syntaxform.awk
+ #warn " heading_name $heading_name\n";
print <<END_START_CLASS;
-%%S NL
-%%S $heading_name:
-\\subsubject{$heading_name}
+\\section{$heading_name}
-\\startpacked
END_START_CLASS
# extract list of primitives for this class.
my @prims = split (/,/, $class{$c});
for my $p (@prims) {
my $val = $primitive_ref->{$p};
+ #warn " primitive $p, val $val\n";
# get rid of the \pdftexprimitive{ and trailing }
$val =~ s,^\\pdftexprimitive *\{,,;
@@ -79,11 +83,14 @@ END_START_CLASS
print "\n$val\n";
}
- print "\n\\stoppacked\n";
}
}
-sub by_class { $class_info{$a}->[0] <=> $class_info{$b}->[0]; }
+sub by_class {
+ if (! defined ($class_info{$a}->[0])) {
+ warn "undef $a $class_info{$a},", $class_info{$a}->[0], ".\n"; }
+# if (! $class_info{$b}->[0]) { warn "no class info for $b\n"; }
+$class_info{$a}->[0] <=> $class_info{$b}->[0]; }
} # end block for %class_info
@@ -95,6 +102,7 @@ sub by_class { $class_info{$a}->[0] <=> $class_info{$b}->[0]; }
sub read_manual_for_primitives {
my $printing = 0;
my $primitive = "";
+ my %primitive;
while (<>) {
# \pdftexprimitive block ends at next unindented blank or \... line.
@@ -103,14 +111,10 @@ sub read_manual_for_primitives {
$printing = 1;
my $type;
- # \tex is used for primitives specified without a leading \.
- ($type,$primitive) = m/\\([Tt])ex *\{(.*?)\}/;
+ ($primitive) = m/\\cs *\{(.*?)\}/;
+ #warn "$.: found primitive $primitive\n";
warn "$ARGV:$.: no primitive found in: $_" if (! $primitive);
- $primitive = "\\$primitive" if $type eq "t";
-
- # \pdfmovechars is still in the manual, but doesn't do anything.
- # Omit it from the output.
- next if $primitive eq "\\pdfmovechars";
+ $primitive = "\\$primitive";
# Just one case, \special, has multiple instances of \pdftexprimitive.
# kludge by appending spaces to the name to make it unique;
@@ -122,10 +126,9 @@ sub read_manual_for_primitives {
# concatenate lines of definition; assume spacing is reasonable.
chomp;
$primitive{$primitive} .= $_;
+ #warn " concatenated $primitive to $primitive{$primitive}\n";
}
}
return %primitive;
}
-
-exit (&main ());
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/incl2.5.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/incl2.5.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed9eb61ef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/incl2.5.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+% $Id: incl2.5.tex 868 2021-11-04 17:23:17Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% Trivial PDF-2 file.
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0 % get greppable output
+\pdfoutput=1
+
+% The default is 2.4, since \pdfminorversion is 4 (from 1.4).
+% Randomly try 2.5.
+\pdfmajorversion=2 \pdfminorversion=5
+
+% typeset something.
+\hrule width1pt height1pt depth0pt
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/test-doc1incl25.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/test-doc1incl25.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a215b8dff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/test-doc1incl25.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+% $Id: test-doc1incl25.tex 868 2021-11-04 17:23:17Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% PDF1 document, include PDF2.4 image.
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0 % get greppable output
+\pdfoutput=1
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\pdfximage{incl2.5.pdf}
+\hbox{\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage}
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/8r.enc b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/8r.enc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..665fc82831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/8r.enc
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+% File 8r.enc TeX Base 1 Encoding Revision 2.0 2002-10-30
+%
+% @@psencodingfile@{
+% author = "S. Rahtz, P. MacKay, Alan Jeffrey, B. Horn, K. Berry,
+% W. Schmidt, P. Lehman",
+% version = "2.0",
+% date = "27nov06",
+% filename = "8r.enc",
+% email = "tex-fonts@@tug.org",
+% docstring = "This is the encoding vector for Type1 and TrueType
+% fonts to be used with TeX. This file is part of the
+% PSNFSS bundle, version 9"
+% @}
+%
+% The idea is to have all the characters normally included in Type 1 fonts
+% available for typesetting. This is effectively the characters in Adobe
+% Standard encoding, ISO Latin 1, Windows ANSI including the euro symbol,
+% MacRoman, and some extra characters from Lucida.
+%
+% Character code assignments were made as follows:
+%
+% (1) the Windows ANSI characters are almost all in their Windows ANSI
+% positions, because some Windows users cannot easily reencode the
+% fonts, and it makes no difference on other systems. The only Windows
+% ANSI characters not available are those that make no sense for
+% typesetting -- rubout (127 decimal), nobreakspace (160), softhyphen
+% (173). quotesingle and grave are moved just because it's such an
+% irritation not having them in TeX positions.
+%
+% (2) Remaining characters are assigned arbitrarily to the lower part
+% of the range, avoiding 0, 10 and 13 in case we meet dumb software.
+%
+% (3) Y&Y Lucida Bright includes some extra text characters; in the
+% hopes that other PostScript fonts, perhaps created for public
+% consumption, will include them, they are included starting at 0x12.
+% These are /dotlessj /ff /ffi /ffl.
+%
+% (4) hyphen appears twice for compatibility with both ASCII and Windows.
+%
+% (5) /Euro was assigned to 128, as in Windows ANSI
+%
+% (6) Missing characters from MacRoman encoding incorporated as follows:
+%
+% PostScript MacRoman TeXBase1
+% -------------- -------------- --------------
+% /notequal 173 0x16
+% /infinity 176 0x17
+% /lessequal 178 0x18
+% /greaterequal 179 0x19
+% /partialdiff 182 0x1A
+% /summation 183 0x1B
+% /product 184 0x1C
+% /pi 185 0x1D
+% /integral 186 0x81
+% /Omega 189 0x8D
+% /radical 195 0x8E
+% /approxequal 197 0x8F
+% /Delta 198 0x9D
+% /lozenge 215 0x9E
+%
+/TeXBase1Encoding [
+% 0x00
+ /.notdef /dotaccent /fi /fl
+ /fraction /hungarumlaut /Lslash /lslash
+ /ogonek /ring /.notdef /breve
+ /minus /.notdef /Zcaron /zcaron
+% 0x10
+ /caron /dotlessi /dotlessj /ff
+ /ffi /ffl /notequal /infinity
+ /lessequal /greaterequal /partialdiff /summation
+ /product /pi /grave /quotesingle
+% 0x20
+ /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign
+ /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright
+ /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus
+ /comma /hyphen /period /slash
+% 0x30
+ /zero /one /two /three
+ /four /five /six /seven
+ /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
+ /less /equal /greater /question
+% 0x40
+ /at /A /B /C
+ /D /E /F /G
+ /H /I /J /K
+ /L /M /N /O
+% 0x50
+ /P /Q /R /S
+ /T /U /V /W
+ /X /Y /Z /bracketleft
+ /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore
+% 0x60
+ /quoteleft /a /b /c
+ /d /e /f /g
+ /h /i /j /k
+ /l /m /n /o
+% 0x70
+ /p /q /r /s
+ /t /u /v /w
+ /x /y /z /braceleft
+ /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef
+% 0x80
+ /Euro /integral /quotesinglbase /florin
+ /quotedblbase /ellipsis /dagger /daggerdbl
+ /circumflex /perthousand /Scaron /guilsinglleft
+ /OE /Omega /radical /approxequal
+% 0x90
+ /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /quotedblleft
+ /quotedblright /bullet /endash /emdash
+ /tilde /trademark /scaron /guilsinglright
+ /oe /Delta /lozenge /Ydieresis
+% 0xA0
+ /.notdef /exclamdown /cent /sterling
+ /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
+ /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft
+ /logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron
+% 0xB0
+ /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior
+ /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered
+ /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright
+ /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown
+% 0xC0
+ /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde
+ /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla
+ /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis
+ /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis
+% 0xD0
+ /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute
+ /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply
+ /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex
+ /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls
+% 0xE0
+ /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde
+ /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla
+ /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis
+ /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis
+% 0xF0
+ /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute
+ /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide
+ /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex
+ /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
+] def
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36bd9d03d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8a.pfb b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8a.pfb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..72a1606b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8a.pfb
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r+20.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r+20.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30bcb58e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r+20.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r-20.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r-20.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71e4556a78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r-20.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c6c60cc6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62cb823f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.vf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.vf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f41bf2f0b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.vf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..457a04fbdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.vf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.vf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5deb2a0e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.vf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66a59998a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.vf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.vf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eff9522842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.vf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.pfb b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.pfb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa8c833d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.pfb
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6594c9c4a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/vfexp.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/vfexp.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77804d5094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/vfexp.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \pdfoutput=1 \nonstopmode \hbadness=10000
+\vsize=20pc \hsize=30pt \parfillskip=0pt plus1fil
+\font\1=cmr10
+\font\2=bchr8t
+%\font\2=bchr8r
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfmapfile{}
+\pdfmapline{+cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10.pfb}
+\pdfmapline{+bchr8r CharterBT-Roman " TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc <bchr8a.pfb}
+\pdfmapline{+bchr8r+20 CharterBT-Roman " 1.020 ExtendFont TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc <bchr8a.pfb}
+\pdfmapline{+bchr8r-20 CharterBT-Roman " 0.980 ExtendFont TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc <bchr8a.pfb}
+\pdffontexpand\1 100 100 5 %autoexpand
+\pdffontexpand\2 20 20 20
+\pdfadjustspacing=2
+\1 ABC
+
+\2 This is a paragraph with font expansion.
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdb_history b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdb_history
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ac04948e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdb_history
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+set args --ini ./f.tex
+r
+b 20611
+r
+l
+l -
+pnodetype p
+pnodetype g
+n
+pnodetype r
+n
+l
+n
+pnodetype r
+n
+r
+l -
+pnodetype p
+pnodetype g
+pnodetype p
+print mem[p].hh.u.B1
+q
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdbinit b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdbinit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c594ebe168
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdbinit
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# the macros defined here are to help debugging pdftex
+set history save on
+set confirm off
+set print elements 256
+
+# print scaled
+def ps
+ print $0/65535.0
+end
+
+def pvf
+ echo "w="
+ p w
+ echo "x="
+ p x
+ echo "y="
+ p y
+ echo "z="
+ p z
+end
+
+# print the value of a string
+def pstring
+ print strpool[strstart[$arg0]]@strstart[$arg0+1]-strstart[$arg0]
+end
+
+# print font name as string
+def pfontname
+ pstring fontname[$arg0]
+end
+
+# print various values related to a font
+def pfont
+ echo "fontname = "
+ pfontname $arg0
+ echo "fontsize = "
+ p fontsize[$arg0]/65536.0
+ echo "pdffontautoexpand = "
+ p pdffontautoexpand[$arg0]
+end
+
+# print type of node as string
+def pnodetype
+ if $arg0 >= himemmin
+ echo char_node\n
+ else
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 0
+ echo hlist_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 1
+ echo vlist_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 2
+ echo rule_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 3
+ echo ins_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 4
+ echo mark_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 5
+ echo adjust_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 6
+ echo ligature_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 7
+ echo disc_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 8
+ echo whatsit_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 9
+ echo math_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 10
+ echo glue_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 11
+ echo kern_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 12
+ echo penalty_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 13
+ echo unset_node\n
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+# print type of a node
+# def ptype
+# print mem[$arg0].hh.u.B0
+# end
+#
+# def psubtype
+# print mem[$arg0].hh.u.B1
+# end
+#
+# def pfont
+# ptype $arg0
+# end
+#
+# def pchar
+# psubtype($arg0)
+# end
+#
+# def pinfo
+# print mem[$arg0].hh.v.LH
+# end
+#
+# def plink
+# print mem[$arg0].hh.v.RH
+# end
+#
+# def pmarginchar
+# pinfo($arg0+2)
+# end
+#
+# def setpdflatex
+# set args -fmt=pdflatex $arg0
+# end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36bd9d03d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/cmr10.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/cmr10.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6594c9c4a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/cmr10.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..517aadc705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+% $Id: f.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \pdfoutput=1 \nonstopmode \hbadness=10000
+\vsize=20pc \hsize=30pt \parfillskip=0pt plus1fil
+\font\f=cmr10
+\f
+\pdfadjustinterwordglue1 \unhbox0 \kern1pt \ %
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/rebuild.sh b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/rebuild.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce53edd6aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/rebuild.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+set -x
+cd ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c
+make pdftex
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/run.sh b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/run.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09726ca2e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/run.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $Id: run.sh 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+
+if [ ! -e ./pdftex ]; then
+ ln -s ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c/pdftex .
+fi
+
+set -x
+TFMFONTS=. ./pdftex -ini ./f.tex
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ec7309a01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+default: test-different-levels
+
+test-different-levels:
+ $(prog) test-different-levels.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/test-different-levels.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/test-different-levels.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d9772a2ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/test-different-levels.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+% $Id: test-different-levels.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \pdfoutput=1
+
+x\hbox{\pdfstartlink
+ attr {/Border[0 0 1]}
+ user{
+ /Subtype/Link%
+ /A<<%
+ /Type/Action%
+ /S/URI%
+ /URI(foo)%
+ >>%
+ } Linktext}
+\pdfendlink
+\end
+
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2018-November/042759.html
+% Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2018 12:31:25 +0100
+% From: Ulrike Fischer <news3@nililand.de>
+% To: tex-live@tug.org
+% Subject: [tex-live] pdfstartlink/pdfendlink and boxing level problems
+%
+% 1. Currently the commands give a fatal error if used in different
+% boxing levels:
+%
+% [example program above]
+%
+% ! pdfTeX error (ext4): \pdfendlink ended up in different nesting
+% level than \pdfstartlink.
+% ! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!
+%
+% This doesn't happen very often in documents, but if the galley is
+% split and reboxed it is possible that long links end in different
+% levels. One example involving two column mode and top floats has
+% been discussed on the latex2e github:
+% https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/94
+%
+% Is the fatal error really sensible here? Couldn't the engines close
+% the last annotation with some more or less sensible coordinate and
+% continue with a warning? A pdf with a wrong link area seems better
+% than no pdf at all (and would release the format and packages from
+% the need to carefully keep track of boxing levels when splitting and
+% reassembling stuff).
+%
+% [see ../16-nolink-special/*.tex for other request.]
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4880f209f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 833 2020-06-11 21:51:11Z thanh $
+# Public domain.
+
+# set texlive location; can be done here, or via env. variable
+# tl = ~/IdeaProjects/texlive/Master
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+default: #test-nolink-not-yet-written
+
+nolink-xetex:
+# footline is correctly not linked:
+ xelatex nolink-xetex
+
+nolink-pdftex:
+ $(pdftex) -progname=pdflatex nolink-pdftex
+
+fmt:
+ $(pdftex) -ini -etex -env pdflatex.ini
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/fancyhdr.sty b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/fancyhdr.sty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8326b3f858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/fancyhdr.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `fancyhdr.sty',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% fancyhdr.dtx (with options: `fancyhdr')
+%%
+%% This is a generated file.
+%%
+%% This file may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of
+%% the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 of this license
+%% or (at your option) any later version. The latest version of this
+%% license is in:
+%%
+%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%%
+%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX version
+%% 2005/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesPackage{fancyhdr}%
+ [2019/01/31 v3.10
+ Extensive control of page headers and footers]%
+% Copyright (C) 1994-2019 by Piet van Oostrum <piet@vanoostrum.org>
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\if@nch@mpty#1{\def\temp@a{#1}\ifx\temp@a\@empty}
+\def\f@nch@def#1#2{\if@nch@mpty{#2}\f@nch@gbl\def#1{\leavevmode}\else
+ \f@nch@gbl\def#1{#2\strut}\fi}
+\let\f@nch@gbl\global
+\newcommand{\f@nch@ifundefined}[1]{%
+ \begingroup\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\endgroup
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname #1\endcsname\relax
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \fi}
+\newcommand\f@nch@errmsg[1]{%
+ \f@nch@ifundefined{PackageError}{\errmessage{#1}}{\PackageError{Fancyhdr}{#1}{}}}
+\newcommand\f@nch@warning[1]{%
+ \f@nch@ifundefined{PackageWarning}{\errmessage{#1}}{\PackageWarning{Fancyhdr}{#1}{}}}
+\newcommand{\f@nch@forc}[3]{\expandafter\f@rc\expandafter#1\expandafter{#2}{#3}}
+\newcommand{\f@rc}[3]{\def\temp@ty{#2}\ifx\@empty\temp@ty\else
+ \f@nch@rc#1#2\f@nch@rc{#3}\fi}
+\def\f@nch@rc#1#2#3\f@nch@rc#4{\def#1{#2}#4\f@rc#1{#3}{#4}}
+\newcommand{\f@nch@for}[3]{\edef\@fortmp{#2}%
+ \expandafter\@forloop#2,\@nil,\@nil\@@#1{#3}}
+\newcommand\f@nch@default[3]{%
+ \edef\temp@a{\lowercase{\edef\noexpand\temp@a{#3}}}\temp@a \def#1{}%
+ \f@nch@forc\tmpf@ra{#2}%
+ {\expandafter\f@nch@ifin\tmpf@ra\temp@a{\edef#1{#1\tmpf@ra}}{}}%
+ \ifx\@empty#1\def#1{#2}\fi}
+\newcommand{\f@nch@ifin}[4]{%
+ \edef\temp@a{#2}\def\temp@b##1#1##2\temp@b{\def\temp@b{##1}}%
+ \expandafter\temp@b#2#1\temp@b\ifx\temp@a\temp@b #4\else #3\fi}
+\newcommand{\fancyhead}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhf\fancyhead h[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyfoot}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhf\fancyfoot f[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyhf}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhf\fancyhf {}[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyheadoffset}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhfoffs\fancyheadoffset h[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyfootoffset}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhfoffs\fancyfootoffset f[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyhfoffset}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhfoffs\fancyhfoffset {}[#1]{#2}}%
+\def\f@nch@fancyhf#1#2[#3]#4{%
+ \def\temp@c{}%
+ \f@nch@forc\tmpf@ra{#3}%
+ {\expandafter\f@nch@ifin\tmpf@ra{eolcrhf,EOLCRHF}%
+ {}{\edef\temp@c{\temp@c\tmpf@ra}}}%
+ \ifx\@empty\temp@c\else \f@nch@errmsg{Illegal char `\temp@c' in
+ \string#1 argument: [#3]}%
+ \fi \f@nch@for\temp@c{#3}%
+ {\f@nch@default\f@nch@@eo{eo}\temp@c \if@twoside\else \if\f@nch@@eo
+ e\f@nch@warning {\string#1's `E' option without twoside option is
+ useless}\fi\fi \f@nch@default\f@nch@@lcr{lcr}\temp@c
+ \f@nch@default\f@nch@@hf{hf}{#2\temp@c}%
+ \f@nch@forc\f@nch@eo\f@nch@@eo
+ {\f@nch@forc\f@nch@lcr\f@nch@@lcr
+ {\f@nch@forc\f@nch@hf\f@nch@@hf
+ {\expandafter\f@nch@def\csname
+ f@nch@\f@nch@eo\f@nch@lcr\f@nch@hf\endcsname {#4}}}}}}
+\def\f@nch@fancyhfoffs#1#2[#3]#4{%
+ \def\temp@c{}%
+ \f@nch@forc\tmpf@ra{#3}%
+ {\expandafter\f@nch@ifin\tmpf@ra{eolrhf,EOLRHF}%
+ {}{\edef\temp@c{\temp@c\tmpf@ra}}}%
+ \ifx\@empty\temp@c\else \f@nch@errmsg{Illegal char `\temp@c' in
+ \string#1 argument: [#3]}%
+ \fi \f@nch@for\temp@c{#3}%
+ {\f@nch@default\f@nch@@eo{eo}\temp@c \if@twoside\else \if\f@nch@@eo
+ e\f@nch@warning {\string#1's `E' option without twoside option is
+ useless}\fi\fi \f@nch@default\f@nch@@lcr{lr}\temp@c
+ \f@nch@default\f@nch@@hf{hf}{#2\temp@c}%
+ \f@nch@forc\f@nch@eo\f@nch@@eo
+ {\f@nch@forc\f@nch@lcr\f@nch@@lcr
+ {\f@nch@forc\f@nch@hf\f@nch@@hf
+ {\expandafter\setlength\csname
+ f@nch@O@\f@nch@eo\f@nch@lcr\f@nch@hf\endcsname {#4}}}}}%
+ \f@nch@setoffs}
+\newcommand{\lhead}[2][\f@nch@olh]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@olh{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@elh{#1}}
+\newcommand{\chead}[2][\f@nch@och]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@och{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@ech{#1}}
+\newcommand{\rhead}[2][\f@nch@orh]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@orh{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@erh{#1}}
+\newcommand{\lfoot}[2][\f@nch@olf]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@olf{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@elf{#1}}
+\newcommand{\cfoot}[2][\f@nch@ocf]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@ocf{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@ecf{#1}}
+\newcommand{\rfoot}[2][\f@nch@orf]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@orf{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@erf{#1}}
+\newlength{\f@nch@headwidth} \let\headwidth\f@nch@headwidth
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@elh}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@erh}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@olh}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@orh}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@elf}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@erf}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@olf}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@orf}
+\newcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
+\newcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
+\f@nch@ifundefined{footruleskip}%
+ {\newcommand{\footruleskip}{.3\normalbaselineskip}}{}
+\newcommand{\plainheadrulewidth}{0pt}
+\newcommand{\plainfootrulewidth}{0pt}
+\newif\if@fancyplain \@fancyplainfalse
+\def\fancyplain#1#2{\if@fancyplain#1\else#2\fi}
+\headwidth=-123456789sp
+\let\f@nch@raggedleft\raggedleft
+\let\f@nch@raggedright\raggedright
+\let\f@nch@centering\centering
+\let\f@nch@everypar\everypar
+\def\f@nch@reset{\f@nch@everypar{}\restorecr\endlinechar=13
+ \let\\\@normalcr \let\raggedleft\f@nch@raggedleft
+ \let\raggedright\f@nch@raggedright \let\centering\f@nch@centering
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \hsize=\headwidth
+ \def\nouppercase##1{{\let\uppercase\relax\let\MakeUppercase\relax
+ \expandafter\let\csname MakeUppercase \endcsname\relax##1}}%
+ \f@nch@ifundefined{@newbaseline} % NFSS not present; 2.09 or 2e
+ {\f@nch@ifundefined{@normalsize} {\normalsize} % for ucthesis.cls
+ {\@normalsize}}%
+ {\@newbaseline}% NFSS (2.09) present
+ }
+\fancyhf{}
+\if@twoside
+ \fancyhead[el,or]{\fancyplain{}{\slshape\rightmark}}
+ \fancyhead[er,ol]{\fancyplain{}{\slshape\leftmark}}
+\else
+ \fancyhead[l]{\fancyplain{}{\slshape\rightmark}}
+ \fancyhead[r]{\fancyplain{}{\slshape\leftmark}}
+\fi
+\fancyfoot[c]{\rmfamily\thepage} % page number
+\newcommand\f@nch@vbox[2]{%
+ \setbox0\vbox{#2}%
+ \ifdim\ht0>#1\relax
+ \f@nch@warning{%
+ \string#1 is too small (\the#1): ^^J%
+ Make it at least \the\ht0.^^J%
+ We now make it that large for the rest of the document.^^J%
+ This may cause the page layout to be inconsistent, however\@gobble
+ }%
+ \dimen0=#1\relax
+ \global#1=\ht0\relax
+ \ht0=\dimen0 %
+ \fi
+ \box0}
+\newcommand\f@nch@head[5]{%
+ #1%
+ \hbox to\headwidth{%
+ \f@nch@reset
+ \f@nch@vbox\headheight{%
+ \hbox{%
+ \rlap{\parbox[b]{\headwidth}{\raggedright#2}}%
+ \hfill
+ \parbox[b]{\headwidth}{\centering#3}%
+ \hfill
+ \llap{\parbox[b]{\headwidth}{\raggedleft#4}}%
+ }%
+ \headrule
+ }%
+ }%
+ #5%
+}
+\newcommand\f@nch@foot[5]{%
+\pdfrunninglinkoff
+ #1%
+ \hbox to\headwidth{%
+ \f@nch@reset
+ \f@nch@vbox\footskip{%
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\footrule}\unvbox0
+ \vskip\footruleskip
+ \hbox{%
+ \rlap{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}{\raggedright#2}}%
+ \hfill
+ \parbox[t]{\headwidth}{\centering#3}%
+ \hfill
+ \llap{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}{\raggedleft#4}}%
+ }%
+ }%
+ }%
+ #5%
+}
+\def\headrule{{\if@fancyplain\let\headrulewidth\plainheadrulewidth\fi
+ \hrule\@height\headrulewidth\@width\headwidth
+ \vskip-\headrulewidth}}
+\def\footrule{{\if@fancyplain\let\footrulewidth\plainfootrulewidth\fi
+ \hrule\@width\headwidth\@height\footrulewidth}}
+\def\ps@fancy{%
+ \f@nch@ifundefined{@chapapp}{\let\@chapapp\chaptername}{}% for amsbook
+\f@nch@ifundefined{MakeUppercase}{\def\MakeUppercase{\uppercase}}{}%
+\f@nch@ifundefined{chapter}%
+ {\def\sectionmark##1{\markboth{\MakeUppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth>\z@
+ \thesection\hskip 1em\relax
+ \fi ##1}}{}}%
+ \def\subsectionmark##1{\markright {\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\@ne
+ \thesubsection\hskip 1em\relax \fi ##1}}}%
+ {\def\chaptermark##1{\markboth {\MakeUppercase{\ifnum
+ \c@secnumdepth>\m@ne \@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ \fi ##1}}{}}%
+\def\sectionmark##1{\markright{\MakeUppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
+ \thesection. \ \fi ##1}}}%
+}
+\ps@@fancy
+\gdef\ps@fancy{\@fancyplainfalse\ps@@fancy}%
+\ifdim\headwidth<0sp
+ \global\advance\headwidth123456789sp\global\advance\headwidth\textwidth
+\fi}
+\def\ps@fancyplain{\ps@fancy \let\ps@plain\ps@plain@fancy}
+\def\ps@plain@fancy{\@fancyplaintrue\ps@@fancy}
+\let\ps@@empty\ps@empty
+\def\ps@@fancy{%
+ \ps@@empty
+ \def\@mkboth{\protect\markboth}%
+ \def\@oddhead{\f@nch@head\f@nch@Oolh\f@nch@olh\f@nch@och\f@nch@orh\f@nch@Oorh}%
+ \def\@oddfoot{\f@nch@foot\f@nch@Oolf\f@nch@olf\f@nch@ocf\f@nch@orf\f@nch@Oorf}%
+ \def\@evenhead{\f@nch@head\f@nch@Oelh\f@nch@elh\f@nch@ech\f@nch@erh\f@nch@Oerh}%
+ \def\@evenfoot{\f@nch@foot\f@nch@Oelf\f@nch@elf\f@nch@ecf\f@nch@erf\f@nch@Oerf}%
+}
+\def\f@nch@Oolh{\if@reversemargin\hss\else\relax\fi}
+\def\f@nch@Oorh{\if@reversemargin\relax\else\hss\fi}
+\let\f@nch@Oelh\f@nch@Oorh
+\let\f@nch@Oerh\f@nch@Oolh
+\let\f@nch@Oolf\f@nch@Oolh
+\let\f@nch@Oorf\f@nch@Oorh
+\let\f@nch@Oelf\f@nch@Oelh
+\let\f@nch@Oerf\f@nch@Oerh
+\def\f@nch@offsolh{\headwidth=\textwidth\advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@olh
+ \advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@orh\hskip-\f@nch@O@olh}
+\def\f@nch@offselh{\headwidth=\textwidth\advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@elh
+ \advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@erh\hskip-\f@nch@O@elh}
+\def\f@nch@offsolf{\headwidth=\textwidth\advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@olf
+ \advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@orf\hskip-\f@nch@O@olf}
+\def\f@nch@offself{\headwidth=\textwidth\advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@elf
+ \advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@erf\hskip-\f@nch@O@elf}
+\def\f@nch@setoffs{%
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\headwidth\f@nch@headwidth
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oolh\f@nch@offsolh
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oelh\f@nch@offselh \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oorh\hss
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oerh\hss \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oolf\f@nch@offsolf
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oelf\f@nch@offself \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oorf\hss
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oerf\hss
+}
+\newif\iff@nch@footnote
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \let\latex@makecol\@makecol
+ \def\@makecol{\ifvoid\footins\f@nch@footnotefalse\else\f@nch@footnotetrue\fi
+ \let\topfloat\@toplist\let\botfloat\@botlist\latex@makecol}%
+}
+\newcommand\iftopfloat[2]{\ifx\topfloat\empty #2\else #1\fi}%
+\newcommand\ifbotfloat[2]{\ifx\botfloat\empty #2\else #1\fi}%
+\newcommand\iffloatpage[2]{\if@fcolmade #1\else #2\fi}%
+\newcommand\iffootnote[2]{\iff@nch@footnote #1\else #2\fi}%
+\newcommand{\fancypagestyle}[2]{%
+ \@namedef{ps@#1}{\let\f@nch@gbl\relax#2\relax\ps@fancy}}
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `fancyhdr.sty'.
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-example.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-example.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e497b7e9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-example.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+% $Id: nolink-example.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+%\cfoot{some footline text that should not be linked}
+%\usepackage{ifxetex}
+%\ifxetex
+ \cfoot{\special{pdf:nolink}some footline text that should not be
+linked but is unless xetex\special{pdf:link}}
+ %\fi
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\begin{document}
+\vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+\href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+\end{document}
+
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2018-November/042759.html
+% Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2018 12:31:25 +0100
+% From: Ulrike Fischer <news3@nililand.de>
+% To: tex-live@tug.org
+% Subject: [tex-live] pdfstartlink/pdfendlink and boxing level problems
+%
+% [see ../15-startlink-boxing/*.tex for other request.]
+%
+% 2. The engines interrupts linking if the boxing level of
+% intermediate text is less than the boxing level at the start of the
+% link:
+%
+% [example program above]
+%
+% This allows to some extend to exclude e.g. header and footer from
+% link areas. But doesn't work e.g. with fancyhdr which adds an
+% additional box level to the footer. xetex/xdvidfpmx has here a quite
+% useful special \special{pdf:nolink} which can be used to suppress
+% the unwanted link area:
+%
+% \documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+% \usepackage{fancyhdr}
+% \pagestyle{fancy}
+% \cfoot{some longer text that should not be linked}
+% \usepackage{ifxetex}
+% \ifxetex
+% %\cfoot{\special{pdf:nolink}some longer text that should not be
+% linked\special{pdf:link}}
+% \fi
+% \usepackage{hyperref}
+%
+% \begin{document}
+% \vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+% xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+% \href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+% \end{document}
+%
+% Would it be possible to add to pdftex/luatex something similar?
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.pdf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9d44f3c09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67277899fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+% $Id: nolink-example.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+\cfoot{some footline text that should not be linked but is unless xetex}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\begin{document}
+\vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+\href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+\end{document}
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.pdf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..408413b8d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e497b7e9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+% $Id: nolink-example.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+%\cfoot{some footline text that should not be linked}
+%\usepackage{ifxetex}
+%\ifxetex
+ \cfoot{\special{pdf:nolink}some footline text that should not be
+linked but is unless xetex\special{pdf:link}}
+ %\fi
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\begin{document}
+\vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+\href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+\end{document}
+
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2018-November/042759.html
+% Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2018 12:31:25 +0100
+% From: Ulrike Fischer <news3@nililand.de>
+% To: tex-live@tug.org
+% Subject: [tex-live] pdfstartlink/pdfendlink and boxing level problems
+%
+% [see ../15-startlink-boxing/*.tex for other request.]
+%
+% 2. The engines interrupts linking if the boxing level of
+% intermediate text is less than the boxing level at the start of the
+% link:
+%
+% [example program above]
+%
+% This allows to some extend to exclude e.g. header and footer from
+% link areas. But doesn't work e.g. with fancyhdr which adds an
+% additional box level to the footer. xetex/xdvidfpmx has here a quite
+% useful special \special{pdf:nolink} which can be used to suppress
+% the unwanted link area:
+%
+% \documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+% \usepackage{fancyhdr}
+% \pagestyle{fancy}
+% \cfoot{some longer text that should not be linked}
+% \usepackage{ifxetex}
+% \ifxetex
+% %\cfoot{\special{pdf:nolink}some longer text that should not be
+% linked\special{pdf:link}}
+% \fi
+% \usepackage{hyperref}
+%
+% \begin{document}
+% \vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+% xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+% \href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+% \end{document}
+%
+% Would it be possible to add to pdftex/luatex something similar?
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09a082f35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex) -ini f.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fea302d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+%%%%
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\pdfoutput=1 \pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfglyphtounicode{space}{0020}
+\pdfinterwordspaceon
+\font\x=cmr10 \x \hsize=4in \vsize=4in
+\noindent abc cde\hfil
+\end
+%%%% \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b25b202b0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ # $(ttf2afm)
+ # $(ttf2afm) ./SourceCodePro-Regular.ttf
+ # $(ttf2afm) -u ./SourceCodePro-Regular.ttf
+ $(ttf2afm) -e ./ec-uni.enc -u ./SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf >f
+
+help:
+ $(ttf2afm)
+
+dump:
+ ttx -t name SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf
+ ttx -t name SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttf
+
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+ rm -f *.ttx f
+
+rebuild:
+ $(rebuild)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3563e7347b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c393495027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/ec-uni.enc b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/ec-uni.enc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57a3fce50f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/ec-uni.enc
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+/ECEncoding [
+/uni0060
+/uni00B4
+/uni02C6
+/uni02DC
+/uni00A8
+/uni02DD
+/uni02DA
+/uni02C7
+/uni02D8
+/uni00AF
+/uni02D9
+/uni00B8
+/uni02DB
+/uni201A
+/uni2039
+/uni203A
+/uni201C
+/uni201D
+/uni201E
+/uni00AB
+/uni00BB
+/uni2013
+/uni2014
+/uniEB10
+/uniEB4D
+/uni0131
+/uniF6BE
+/uniFB00
+/uniFB01
+/uniFB02
+/uniFB03
+/uniFB04
+/uni2423
+/uni0021
+/uni0022
+/uni0023
+/uni0024
+/uni0025
+/uni0026
+/uni2019
+/uni0028
+/uni0029
+/uni002A
+/uni002B
+/uni002C
+/uni002D
+/uni002E
+/uni002F
+/uni0030
+/uni0031
+/uni0032
+/uni0033
+/uni0034
+/uni0035
+/uni0036
+/uni0037
+/uni0038
+/uni0039
+/uni003A
+/uni003B
+/uni003C
+/uni003D
+/uni003E
+/uni003F
+/uni0040
+/uni0041
+/uni0042
+/uni0043
+/uni0044
+/uni0045
+/uni0046
+/uni0047
+/uni0048
+/uni0049
+/uni004A
+/uni004B
+/uni004C
+/uni004D
+/uni004E
+/uni004F
+/uni0050
+/uni0051
+/uni0052
+/uni0053
+/uni0054
+/uni0055
+/uni0056
+/uni0057
+/uni0058
+/uni0059
+/uni005A
+/uni005B
+/uni005C
+/uni005D
+/uni005E
+/uni005F
+/uni2018
+/uni0061
+/uni0062
+/uni0063
+/uni0064
+/uni0065
+/uni0066
+/uni0067
+/uni0068
+/uni0069
+/uni006A
+/uni006B
+/uni006C
+/uni006D
+/uni006E
+/uni006F
+/uni0070
+/uni0071
+/uni0072
+/uni0073
+/uni0074
+/uni0075
+/uni0076
+/uni0077
+/uni0078
+/uni0079
+/uni007A
+/uni007B
+/uni007C
+/uni007D
+/uni007E
+/uniEB2F
+/uni0102
+/uni0104
+/uni0106
+/uni010C
+/uni010E
+/uni011A
+/uni0118
+/uni011E
+/uni0139
+/uni013D
+/uni0141
+/uni0143
+/uni0147
+/uni014A
+/uni0150
+/uni0154
+/uni0158
+/uni015A
+/uni0160
+/uni015E
+/uni0164
+/uni0162
+/uni0170
+/uni016E
+/uni0178
+/uni0179
+/uni017D
+/uni017B
+/uni0132
+/uni0130
+/uni0111
+/uni00A7
+/uni0103
+/uni0105
+/uni0107
+/uni010D
+/uni010F
+/uni011B
+/uni0119
+/uni011F
+/uni013A
+/uni013E
+/uni0142
+/uni0144
+/uni0148
+/uni014B
+/uni0151
+/uni0155
+/uni0159
+/uni015B
+/uni0161
+/uni015F
+/uni0165
+/uni0163
+/uni0171
+/uni016F
+/uni00FF
+/uni017A
+/uni017E
+/uni017C
+/uni0133
+/uni00A1
+/uni00BF
+/uni00A3
+/uni00C0
+/uni00C1
+/uni00C2
+/uni00C3
+/uni00C4
+/uni00C5
+/uni00C6
+/uni00C7
+/uni00C8
+/uni00C9
+/uni00CA
+/uni00CB
+/uni00CC
+/uni00CD
+/uni00CE
+/uni00CF
+/uni00D0
+/uni00D1
+/uni00D2
+/uni00D3
+/uni00D4
+/uni00D5
+/uni00D6
+/uni0152
+/uni00D8
+/uni00D9
+/uni00DA
+/uni00DB
+/uni00DC
+/uni00DD
+/uni00DE
+/uniEB28
+/uni00E0
+/uni00E1
+/uni00E2
+/uni00E3
+/uni00E4
+/uni00E5
+/uni00E6
+/uni00E7
+/uni00E8
+/uni00E9
+/uni00EA
+/uni00EB
+/uni00EC
+/uni00ED
+/uni00EE
+/uni00EF
+/uni00F0
+/uni00F1
+/uni00F2
+/uni00F3
+/uni00F4
+/uni00F5
+/uni00F6
+/uni0153
+/uni00F8
+/uni00F9
+/uni00FA
+/uni00FB
+/uni00FC
+/uni00FD
+/uni00FE
+/uni00DF
+] def
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17dc7695a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(prog) ./f.tex
+
+test2:
+ $(prog) ./f2.tex
+
+fmt:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..382eec638c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+\parindent=0pt
+\pdfprotrudechars2
+
+H
+
+\font\x=FdSymbolB-Regular at 10pt
+\x
+\lpcode\x`b=500
+bye % no protrusion
+
+\fontdimen6\x=10pt
+bye % protrusion fixed
+
+% here it doesn't work
+\letterspacefont\xy\x 300
+% \fontdimen6\xy=10pt % no difference
+\lpcode\xy`b=500
+\xy
+bye
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f2.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f2.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43b3e6150b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f2.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+% \input plain.tex
+
+\font\x=cmr12 at 10pt
+\letterspacefont\y\x 100
+\y y
+
+\bye
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc028a84bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(prog) ./f.tex
+
+fmt:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30542eb9cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+\hsize=7cm
+\parindent=0pt
+\tracingoutput1
+\showboxdepth\maxdimen
+\showboxbreadth\maxdimen
+\def\test#1{%
+ \vbox to 0pt{\vrule height 1cm\hfill\vrule height 1cm \vss}
+ \leavevmode\llap{#1 }\ignorespaces}
+
+\test1
+\pdfappendkern=1
+\pdfprependkern=1
+\pdfprotrudechars=2
+\knbccode\font`\A=150
+\knaccode\font`\A=150
+\lpcode\font`\A=500
+\rpcode\font`\A=500
+text text text text text
+text text text AtextA AtextA
+
+\test2
+\pdfprotrudechars=0
+\knbccode\font`\-=250
+\knaccode\font`\-=250
+text text text text text text
+text text text-text-text
+
+\test3
+text text text text text text
+text text-text\-text-text
+
+\bye
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c905e03bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 869 2021-11-04 21:46:36Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+# Test structure destinations.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+default: test-struct
+
+test-struct: test-structdest.tex
+ $(prog) $<
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/test-structdest.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/test-structdest.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69326730a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/test-structdest.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+% $Id: test-structdest.tex 869 2021-11-04 21:46:36Z karl $
+% Public domain. Originally by Marcel Kr\"uger, 2021.
+% Make some structured destinations with various syntax combinations.
+% Output is just checked by hand.
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfoutput=1
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+
+\def\eject{\par\penalty-10000 }
+\def\space{ }
+
+\pdfdest num 42 fit
+% Assuming that 12345 0 R is a valid reference to the non-existing
+% structure element at this location...
+\pdfdest struct 12345 num 42 fit
+Hello
+
+\hfill\eject
+\pdfdest name {earth} fit
+\pdfdest struct 1337 name {earth} fit
+World
+
+\vfill\eject
+\noindent
+\pdfstartlink goto struct num 42 num 42 First\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto struct name {earth} num 42 Combination 1\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto struct num 42 name {earth} Combination 1\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto struct name {earth} name {earth} Second\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto struct name {i_dont_exists} name {me neither} Third\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto file {f.pdf} struct {[(external_element_id) /Fit]}
+ name {marcel} Forth\pdfendlink
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52c0d2c0a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 873 2021-11-09 16:13:48Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+# Test \showstream.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+default: test-showstream
+
+test-showstream: test-showstream-basic test-showstream-only
+
+# bad return status since normal \show's happen.
+test-showstream-basic: test-showstream-basic.tex
+ ! $(prog) $<
+ $(MAKE) xray=test-showstream-basic.xray grep-xray
+
+# good return status since only showstream.
+test-showstream-only: test-showstream-only.tex
+ $(prog) $<
+ $(MAKE) xray=test-showstream-only.xray grep-xray
+
+# the .xray files have the same contents in both contents
+grep-xray:
+ grep 42 $(xray) >/dev/null
+ grep '\\undefined=undefined' $(xray) >/dev/null
+ grep '\\par=\\par' $(xray) >/dev/null
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-basic.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-basic.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..987dce662b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-basic.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+% $Id: test-showstream-basic.tex 873 2021-11-09 16:13:48Z karl $
+% Public domain. Originally by Marcel Kr\"uger, 2021.
+%
+% Test basic \showstream output and that it doesn't interfere with
+% regular \show commands when inactive.
+% It should print the meaning of \stillVisible and \backToNormal while the
+% remaining \show commands should not lead to any terminal interaction but
+% get written to the .xray file.
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfoutput=1
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+%\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+
+\begingroup
+\chardef\showout=1 % \newwrite\showout
+\showstream=\showout
+\show\stillVisible
+\immediate\openout\showout"\jobname.xray"
+\count0=42
+\showthe\count0
+\show\undefined
+\show\par
+\setbox0\hbox{Hello world}
+\showbox0
+\immediate\closeout\showout
+\endgroup
+\show\backToNormal
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-only.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-only.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79ba311583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-only.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+% $Id: test-showstream-only.tex 873 2021-11-09 16:13:48Z karl $
+% Public domain. Originally by Marcel Kr\"uger, 2021.
+%
+% Test basic \showstream output, and that no error code is returned if
+% only redirected \show commands occurred in a run.
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfoutput=1
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+
+\begingroup
+\chardef\showout=1 % \newwrite\showout
+\showstream=\showout
+% \show\stillVisible
+\immediate\openout\showout"\jobname.xray"
+\count0=42
+\showthe\count0
+\show\undefined
+\show\par
+\setbox0\hbox{Hello world}
+\showbox0
+\immediate\closeout\showout
+\endgroup
+% \show\backToNormal
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c61701f58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+# prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f.tex
+
+# fmt:
+ # $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..872085b0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+% \pdfomitinfodict=1
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42cbe62ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..103f67103d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+# prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./gentium-ttf.tex
+
+# fmt:
+ # $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/gentium-ttf.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/gentium-ttf.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db5c79afd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/gentium-ttf.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+\catcode`\{=1
+\catcode`\}=2
+\pdfoutput=1
+\hsize=25pt
+\pdfmapline{texnansi-gentiumplus-regular <texnansi.enc <GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf}
+\font\x = texnansi-gentiumplus-regular
+\hbox{\x hi\hfil}\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/texnansi-gentiumplus-regular.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/texnansi-gentiumplus-regular.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b26d69fcb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/texnansi-gentiumplus-regular.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a53bf3a900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+# prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f.tex
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f2.tex
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f3.tex
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f4.tex
+
+# fmt:
+ # $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c189d1b7b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+\pdfomitprocset=0 % omit if pdfmajorversion>=2
+\pdfmajorversion=1
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f2.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f2.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ed359a2ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f2.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+\pdfomitprocset=0 % omit if pdfmajorversion>=2
+\pdfmajorversion=2
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f3.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f3.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cc5dc15ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f3.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+\pdfomitprocset=1 % always omit
+\pdfmajorversion=1
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f4.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f4.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c54d2fe55c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f4.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+\pdfomitprocset=-1 % never omit
+\pdfmajorversion=2
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c61701f58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+# prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f.tex
+
+# fmt:
+ # $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee1560b162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+
+\showboxbreadth=100
+\showboxdepth=100
+\tracingoutput=1
+abc
+\pdfdest name {aaa} xyz
+\pdfdest struct 1 name {bbb} xyz %number meaningless, only test!!
+\bye
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e64fd3fed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 890 2023-01-21 02:05:59Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+# Test shipout keyword on \special and \pdfliteral.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test-shipout:
+ $(prog) -etex ./test-shipout.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.pdf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbd4641e27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.pdf
@@ -0,0 +1,791 @@
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+%
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+%%EOF
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d21e00450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+% $Id: test-shipout.tex 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+% Public domain. Originally by Phelype Oleinik, 2023.
+% Test `shipout' keyword on \special and \pdfliteral to delay expansion.
+
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+
+\pdfoutput=1
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\hsize=4.6cm
+ \pdfpagewidth=\hsize
+ \hoffset=-1in
+\topskip=10pt
+\baselineskip=12pt
+\vsize=\dimexpr\topskip+3\baselineskip\relax
+ \pdfpageheight=\vsize
+ \voffset=-1in
+\parindent=0pt
+
+\font\f = cmr10 \f
+
+\def\!{\ifodd\count0 0\else 1\fi}
+\def\0{\pdfliteral {0 g}}
+
+\def\text{%
+ \pdfliteral direct {\! 1 0 0 k}1hello\01 %
+ \special {PDF:direct:\! g}2hello\02 %
+ \pdfliteral shipout direct {\! 1 0 0 k}3hello\03 %
+ \special shipout {PDF:direct:\! g}4hello\04 %
+}
+
+\text \text \text \text
+\text \text \text \text
+\text \text \text \text
+\text \text \text \text
+
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d93c92ca63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini fake-interword-space.tex
+
+font:
+ cd pdftexspace; t1asm pdftexspace.ps pdftexspace.pfb
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/fake-interword-space.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/fake-interword-space.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9510f72f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/fake-interword-space.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\footline={}
+
+% \pdfspacefont{texnansi-lmr10} % if not specified then `pdftexspace` will be used
+
+
+\long\def\lorem{
+\par
+Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin risus nisl, rutrum vel erat et, sollicitudin rutrum mauris. Donec fermentum sem ut nibh consectetur placerat. Cras et dui lacus. Vivamus in turpis aliquet, porta massa ut, bibendum erat. Nulla in bibendum nisi. Nunc egestas tellus augue, vel auctor metus venenatis non. Ut viverra gravida neque a eleifend. Morbi ipsum nisl, finibus sed nisl vitae, aliquet viverra nunc.\par
+}
+
+\font\fa=cmr10\fa cmr10
+
+\pdfinterwordspaceoff pdfinterwordspaceoff
+\lorem
+\pdfinterwordspaceon pdfinterwordspaceon
+\lorem
+
+\font\fb=texnansi-lmr10\fb texnansi-lmr10
+
+\pdfinterwordspaceoff pdfinterwordspaceoff
+\lorem
+\pdfinterwordspaceon pdfinterwordspaceon
+\lorem
+
+\bye
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.pfb b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.pfb
new file mode 120000
index 0000000000..1d284e4103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.pfb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfb \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.tfm
new file mode 120000
index 0000000000..d90c18c370
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.tfm
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfm \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0d57ee25d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# public domain
+
+font = pdftexspace
+
+try-space.pdf: try-space.tex $(font).pfb $(font).tfm
+ pdftex $<
+
+$(font).pfb: $(font).pfa
+ t1asm $< $@ || rm -f $@
+
+$(font).tfm: $(font).pl
+ pltotf $< $@ || rm -f $@
+
+files = Makefile
+files += $(font).pfb $(font).pfa
+files += $(font).tfm $(font).pl
+files += try-space.tex try-space.pdf
+
+dist: try-space.pdf
+ tar czf $(font).tgz $(files)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfb b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30ab8ff4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfb
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pl b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c72f00bdbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+(FAMILY PDFTEXDUMMYSPACE)
+(CODINGSCHEME SPACEONLY)
+(DESIGNSIZE R 10.0)
+(COMMENT DESIGNSIZE IS IN POINTS)
+(COMMENT OTHER SIZES ARE MULTIPLES OF DESIGNSIZE)
+(comment actual size of space is 333bp = 334.24875pt)
+(FONTDIMEN
+ (SLANT R 0.0)
+ (SPACE R 0.33424875)
+ (STRETCH R 0.0)
+ (SHRINK R 0.0)
+ (XHEIGHT R 0.5)
+ (QUAD R 1.0)
+ (EXTRASPACE R 0.0)
+ )
+(CHARACTER O 40
+ (CHARWD R 0.33424875)
+ )
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.ps b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.ps
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8109d509cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.ps
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: PdfTeX-Space 1.00
+%%CreationDate: 08 February 2023
+% This work is in the public domain.
+% Originally created by Han The Thanh and Karl Berry, 2023.
+% (Started editing from lmr10.pfa, but there's nothing LM-specific left.)
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/PdfTeX-Space known{/PdfTeX-Space findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 0 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
+17 dict begin
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version(1.000)readonly def
+/Notice(Public domain)readonly def
+/FullName(PdfTeX-Space)readonly def
+/FamilyName(PdfTeX)readonly def
+/Weight(Normal)readonly def
+/isFixedPitch false def
+/ItalicAngle 0 def
+/UnderlinePosition -1 def
+/UnderlineThickness 40 def
+end readonly def
+/FontName /PdfTeX-Space def
+/Encoding 256 array
+0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
+dup 32 /space put
+readonly def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontType 1 def
+/StrokeWidth 0 def
+/FontMatrix[0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0]readonly def
+%/UniqueID 0 def
+/FontBBox{0 -290 333 1127}readonly def
+% /FontBBox{0 0 333 0}readonly def
+% /FontBBox{-430 -290 1417 1127}readonly def
+currentdict end
+currentfile eexec
+dup/Private 19 dict dup begin
+/RD{string currentfile exch readstring pop}executeonly def
+/ND{noaccess def}executeonly def
+/NP{noaccess put}executeonly def
+/BlueValues [ ] def % required but can be empty
+%optional /BlueScale 0.04546 def
+%optional /BlueShift 7 def
+%optional /BlueFuzz 0 def
+/MinFeature{16 16}ND % required
+%/UniqueID 0 def
+%optional /StdHW[31]def
+%optional /StdVW[69]def
+%optional /StemSnapH[22 23 25 26 28 30 31 38 40 42 45 106]def
+%optional /StemSnapV[25 66 69 75 77 83 86 89 92 97 103 107]def
+/ForceBold false def
+/password 5839 def % required
+%
+% no hints needed, but include the standard first four OtherSubrs and
+% Subrs definitions anyway, since they (presumably) don't hurt. They are
+% never called.
+%
+% Copyright (c) 1987-1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated
+% All Rights Reserved.
+% This code to be used for hint replacement only
+/OtherSubrs
+[ { } { } { }
+{
+systemdict /internaldict known not
+{ pop 3 }
+{ 1183615869 systemdict /internaldict get exec
+dup /startlock known
+{ /startlock get exec }
+{ dup /strtlck known
+{ /strtlck get exec }
+{ pop 3 }
+ifelse }
+ifelse }
+ifelse
+} executeonly
+] noaccess def
+/Subrs 4 array
+dup 0 {
+ 3 0 callothersubr
+ pop
+ pop
+ setcurrentpoint
+ return
+ } NP
+dup 1 {
+ 0 1 callothersubr
+ return
+ } NP
+dup 2 {
+ 0 2 callothersubr
+ return
+ } NP
+dup 3 {
+ return
+ } NP
+ND
+2 index
+/CharStrings 2 dict dup begin
+/.notdef {
+ 0 280 hsbw
+ endchar
+ } ND
+/space {
+ 0 333
+ hsbw
+ endchar
+ } ND
+end end readonly put put
+dup/FontName get exch definefont pop
+mark currentfile closefile
+cleartomark
+%%EndResource
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c481c88229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.pdf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2731ccb3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f24c525022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+\nopagenumbers
+\pdfmapline{+pdftexspace PdfTeX-Space <pdftexspace.pfb}
+\font\spacefont = pdftexspace
+\def\realspace{{\spacefont\char32}}
+
+Hello\realspace world.
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd010a2bfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+all: fmt test
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -fmt pdflatex f.tex
+
+fmt:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini -etex -env pdflatex.ini
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+ rm -f pdfa.xmpi
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f63d9e2ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+\documentclass{scrartcl}
+\usepackage{newpxtext,newpxmath}
+\usepackage[a-2u]{pdfx}
+\begin{document}
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+Some greek characters seem to miss unicode mappings: $\mu$ % <- verification fails; comment out to succeed
+Works for others: $\Sigma$
+\end{document}
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c09aaedb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+# Public domain. /CharSet not including composite base, for some fonts.
+
+texfot = texfot
+
+pln:
+ $(texfot) pdftex compositechars.tex
+ grep -a /CharSet compositechars.pdf
+
+plt:
+ $(texfot) pdflatex compositechars.tex
+ grep -a /CharSet compositechars.pdf
+
+llt:
+ $(texfot) lualatex compositechars.tex
+ grep -a /CharSet compositechars.pdf
+
+ltx:
+ $(texfot) latex compositechars.tex
+ dvitype compositechars.dvi >typ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/compositechars.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/compositechars.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9a01b232c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/compositechars.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+% $Id: compositechars.tex 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\pdfoutput=1
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\hsize=6in \vsize=6in
+
+\pdfmapline{DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1--base DejaVuSerif %
+ " AutoEnc_6paffcekw62ffq4g6cgalfhbtd ReEncodeFont " %
+ <[dejavuserif_t1-type1.enc <DejaVuSerif.pfb}
+
+\output={\shipout\box255}
+%\font\x = DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1
+\font\x = DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1--base
+\x \char"E9 \end
+
+% https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb30-1/tb94thanh.pdf
+% ttf2afm -e texnansi.enc -o gentium-8y.afm GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf
+% afm2tfm gentium-8y.afm -T texnansi.enc
+% ->
+% !pdfTeX error: pdftex (file /u/texlive/karl/Master/texmf-dist/fonts/truetype/pu
+% blic/gentium-tug/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf): unknown version of OS/2 table (0004)
+
+%% type 1 loads ok.
+%\documentclass{article}
+%\usepackage{gentium}
+%\begin{document}
+%\huge\bfseries Hello, World!
+%\end{document}
+
+%\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjecompresslevel=0
+\DocumentMetadata
+{
+ uncompress,
+ pdfstandard = a-3u,
+}
+\documentclass[letterpaper]{book}
+
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{dejavu}
+% pdf/a validates if fontenc is NOT loaded. (dejavu.sty does NOT load
+% fontenc internally)
+
+%\usepackage{lipsum}
+
+% This solves the problem that occurs when fontenc is loaded.
+%\pdfomitcharset = 1
+
+\begin{document}
+%\lipsum[1]
+
+\'{e} %\`{e}
+
+%? ?
+\end{document}
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..040efc7faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini f.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e96df95ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\footline={}
+
+\pdfmapline{DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1--base DejaVuSerif " AutoEnc_6paffcekw62ffq4g6cgalfhbtd ReEncodeFont " <[dejavuserif_t1-type1.enc <DejaVuSerif.pfb}
+
+\font\x = DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1--base
+\x \char"E9 \end
+
+\bye
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59ea438e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test-shipout:
+ $(prog) -etex ./type1-segfault.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10-corrupt.pfb b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10-corrupt.pfb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27d71803bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10-corrupt.pfb
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10.tfm b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6594c9c4a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/type1-segfault.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/type1-segfault.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c23ade766a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/type1-segfault.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+% $Id: type1-segfault.tex 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% Test parsing of invalid Type 1. Original report:
+% Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2023 14:54:10 +0800
+% From: Gregory James DUCK
+% To: <tex-live@tug.org>
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2023-August/049400.html
+
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+\pdfoutput=1 \hsize=4in \parfillskip=0pt plus1fil
+
+\pdfmapline{=cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10-corrupt.pfb}
+
+\font\x = ./cmr10 \x x
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..040efc7faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini f.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/f.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44a93baead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+% $Id: f.tex 919 2024-01-15 15:36:33Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/pdftex/2023-October/009342.html
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfgentounicode=1
+\input glyphtounicode
+abc
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/Makefile b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..552af11666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 919 2024-01-15 15:36:33Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini doc.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/doc.tex b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/doc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..451b14a006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/doc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+% $Id: doc.tex 919 2024-01-15 15:36:33Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=706940
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\shipout\box255}
+\pdfoutput=1
+\pdfminorversion=7
+\pdfximage{shadowbox.pdf}\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage
+\end
diff --git a/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/shadowbox.pdf b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/shadowbox.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc9298bd16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/systems/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/shadowbox.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/systems/doc/xetex/NEWS b/systems/doc/xetex/NEWS
index 154e222c31..e34f164cdb 100644
--- a/systems/doc/xetex/NEWS
+++ b/systems/doc/xetex/NEWS
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
==============================================================
+XeTeX 0.999996 (February 2024)
+
+* only Kpathsea and other cross-engine updates.
+
+==============================================================
XeTeX 0.999995 (February 2023)
* new keyword `shipout' for \special and \pdfliteral, delaying