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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<!-- This manual documents Dvips version 5.999
+(February 2019), a program to translate a DVI file into
+PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. -->
+<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.6, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
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+<title>Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</title>
+
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+<body lang="en">
+<h1 class="settitle" align="center">Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</h1>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<span id="SEC_Overview"></span>
+<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2>
+
+<div class="shortcontents">
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+<li><a id="stoc-Why-use-Dvips_003f" href="#toc-Why-use-Dvips_003f">1 Why use Dvips?</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Installation-1" href="#toc-Installation-1">2 Installation</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Invoking-Dvips-1" href="#toc-Invoking-Dvips-1">3 Invoking Dvips</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation" href="#toc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1" href="#toc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1">5 Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-PostScript-fonts-1" href="#toc-PostScript-fonts-1">6 PostScript fonts</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Color-1" href="#toc-Color-1">7 Color</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Index-1" href="#toc-Index-1">Index</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<span id="SEC_Contents"></span>
+<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
+
+<div class="contents">
+
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Why-use-Dvips_003f" href="#Why-Dvips">1 Why use Dvips?</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Installation-1" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-config_002eps-installation-1" href="#config_002eps-installation">2.1 <samp>config.ps</samp> installation</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-PostScript-font-installation-1" href="#PostScript-font-installation">2.2 PostScript font installation</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Ghostscript-installation-1" href="#Ghostscript-installation">2.3 Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Diagnosing-problems-1" href="#Diagnosing-problems">2.4 Diagnosing problems</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Debug-options-1" href="#Debug-options">2.4.1 Debug options</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-No-output-at-all" href="#No-output">2.4.2 No output at all</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Output-too-small-or-inverted" href="#Small-or-inverted">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Error-messages-from-printer" href="#Printer-errors">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Long-documents-fail-to-print" href="#Long-documents-fail">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Including-graphics-fails-1" href="#Including-graphics-fails">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Invoking-Dvips-1" href="#Invoking-Dvips">3 Invoking Dvips</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Basic-usage-of-Dvips" href="#Basic-usage">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Command_002dline-options-1" href="#Command_002dline-options">3.2 Command-line options</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Option-summary-1" href="#Option-summary">3.2.1 Option summary</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Option-details-1" href="#Option-details">3.2.2 Option details</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Environment-variables-1" href="#Environment-variables">3.3 Environment variables</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Dvips-configuration-files" href="#Config-files">3.4 Dvips configuration files</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Configuration-file-searching-1" href="#Configuration-file-searching">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Configuration-file-commands-1" href="#Configuration-file-commands">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-papersize-special-1" href="#papersize-special">4.1 &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Configuration-file-paper-size-command" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Paper-trays-1" href="#Paper-trays">4.3 Paper trays</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Interaction-with-PostScript-1" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">5 Interaction with PostScript</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-PostScript-figures-1" href="#PostScript-figures">5.1 PostScript figures</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-The-bounding-box-comment" href="#Bounding-box">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-The-_005cincludegraphics-macro-for-LaTeX" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Using-the-EPSF-macros" href="#EPSF-macros">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-EPSF-scaling-1" href="#EPSF-scaling">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-EPSF-clipping-1" href="#EPSF-clipping">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-psfile-special-1" href="#psfile-special">5.1.4 &lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Dynamic-creation-of-PostScript-graphics-files" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Fonts-in-figures-1" href="#Fonts-in-figures">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-PostScript-header-files" href="#Header-files">5.2 PostScript header files</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Including-headers-from-TeX-1" href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Including-headers-from-the-command-line-1" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Headers-and-memory-usage-1" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Literal-PostScript" href="#Literal-PS">5.3 Literal PostScript</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-_0022-special_003a-Literal-PostScript" href="#g_t_0022-special">5.3.1 <code>&quot;</code> special: Literal PostScript</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-ps-special-1" href="#ps-special">5.3.2 &lsquo;<samp>ps</samp>&rsquo; special</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Literal-headers_003a-_0021-_005cspecial" href="#Literal-headers">5.3.3 Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo; <code>\special</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-PostScript-hooks-1" href="#PostScript-hooks">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Literal-examples-1" href="#Literal-examples">5.3.5 Literal examples</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-HyperTeXt" href="#Hypertext">5.4 HyperTeXt</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Hypertext-caveats-1" href="#Hypertext-caveats">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Hypertext-specials-1" href="#Hypertext-specials">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-PostScript-fonts-1" href="#PostScript-fonts">6 PostScript fonts</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Font-concepts-1" href="#Font-concepts">6.1 Font concepts</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Metric-files-1" href="#Metric-files">6.1.1 Metric files</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Glyph-files-1" href="#Glyph-files">6.1.2 Glyph files</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Virtual-fonts-1" href="#Virtual-fonts">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Encodings-1" href="#Encodings">6.1.4 Encodings</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-How-PostScript-typesets-a-character" href="#PostScript-typesetting">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Making-a-PostScript-font-available" href="#Making-a-font-available">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Invoking-Afm2tfm" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Changing-font-encodings-1" href="#Changing-font-encodings">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-_002dt_003a-Changing-TeX-encodings" href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 &lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo;: Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_002dp_003a-Changing-PostScript-encodings" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_002dT_003a-Changing-both-TeX-and-PostScript-encodings" href="#Changing-both-encodings">6.3.1.3 &lsquo;<samp>-T</samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm-1" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Encoding-file-format-1" href="#Encoding-file-format">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Special-font-effects-1" href="#Special-font-effects">6.3.2 Special font effects</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Afm2tfm-options-1" href="#Afm2tfm-options">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-psfonts_002emap_003a-PostScript-font-catalog" href="#psfonts_002emap">6.4 <samp>psfonts.map</samp>: PostScript font catalog</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-1" href="#Color">7 Color</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-macro-files-1" href="#Color-macro-files">7.1 Color macro files</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-User_002ddefinable-colors-1" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">7.2 User-definable colors</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-subtleties-1" href="#Color-subtleties">7.3 Color subtleties</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Printing-in-black_002fwhite-after-colorizing" href="#Ted-Turner">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-device-configuration-1" href="#Color-device-configuration">7.5 Color device configuration</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-support-details-1" href="#Color-support-details">7.6 Color support details</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-specifications-1" href="#Color-specifications">7.6.1 Color specifications</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-specials-1" href="#Color-specials">7.6.2 Color specials</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Index-1" href="#Index">Index</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<span id="Top"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Why-Dvips" accesskey="n" rel="next">Why Dvips</a>, Up: <a href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Dvips"></span><h1 class="top">Dvips</h1>
+
+<p>This manual documents Dvips version 5.999
+(February 2019), a program to translate a DVI file into
+PostScript. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Why-Dvips" accesskey="1">Why Dvips</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Why use Dvips?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Installation" accesskey="2">Installation</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How to compile and install Dvips.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="3">Invoking Dvips</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Command-line options, configuration files, etc.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="4">Paper size and landscape</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the paper dimensions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="5">Interaction with PostScript</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">TeX meets Dvips meets PostScript.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="6">PostScript fonts</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Installing and using PostScript fonts.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color" accesskey="7">Color</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Using color with Dvips.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Index" accesskey="8">Index</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">General index.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Why-Dvips"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Why-use-Dvips_003f"></span><h2 class="chapter">1 Why use Dvips?</h2>
+
+<p>The Dvips program has a number of features that set it apart from
+other PostScript drivers for TeX. This rather long section describes
+the advantages of using Dvips, and may be skipped if you are just
+interested in learning how to use the program. See <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>, for
+details of compilation and installation.
+</p>
+<p>The Dvips driver generates excellent, standard PostScript, that
+can be included in other documents as figures or printed through a
+variety of spoolers. The generated PostScript requires very little
+printer memory, so very complex documents with a lot of fonts can easily
+be printed even on PostScript printers without much memory, such as the
+original Apple LaserWriter. The PostScript output is also compact,
+requiring less disk space to store and making it feasible as a transfer
+format.
+</p>
+<p>Even those documents that are too complex to print in their entirety on
+a particular printer can be printed, since Dvips will
+automatically split such documents into pieces, reclaiming the printer
+memory between each piece.
+</p>
+<p>The Dvips program supports graphics in a natural way, allowing
+PostScript graphics to be included and automatically scaled and
+positioned in a variety of ways.
+</p>
+<p>Printers with any resolution are supported, even if they have different
+resolutions in the horizontal and vertical directions. High resolution
+output is supported for typesetters, including an option that compresses
+the bitmap fonts so that typesetter virtual memory is not exhausted.
+This option also significantly reduces the size of the PostScript file
+and decoding in the printer is very fast.
+</p>
+<p>Missing fonts can be automatically generated if Metafont exists on
+the system, or fonts can be converted from GF to PK format
+on demand. If a font cannot be generated, a scaled version of the same
+font at a different size can be used instead, although Dvips will
+complain loudly about the poor aesthetics of the resulting output.
+</p>
+<p>One of the most important features is the support of virtual fonts,
+which add an entirely new level of flexibility to TeX. Virtual fonts
+are used to give Dvips its excellent PostScript font support, handling
+all the font remapping in a natural, portable, elegant, and extensible
+way. Dvips even comes with its own Afm2tfm program that creates
+the necessary virtual fonts and TeX font metric files automatically
+from the Adobe font metric files.
+</p>
+<p>Source is provided and freely distributable, so adding a site-specific feature
+is possible. Adding such features is made easier by the highly modular
+structure of the program.
+</p>
+<p>There is really no reason to use another driver, and the more people use
+Dvips, the less time will be spent fighting with PostScript and the
+more time will be available to create beautiful documents.
+So if you don&rsquo;t use Dvips on your system, get it today.
+</p>
+<span id="index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas"></span>
+<p>Tom Rokicki wrote and maintains the original Dvips program.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Installation"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invoking Dvips</a>, Previous: <a href="#Why-Dvips" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Why Dvips</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Installation-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2>
+
+<span id="index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips"></span>
+<span id="index-compilation"></span>
+<span id="index-installation_002c-of-Dvips"></span>
+
+
+<p>Installing Dvips is mostly the same as installing any Kpathsea-using
+program. Therefore, for the basic steps involved,
+see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+<p>For solutions to common installation problems and information on how to
+report a bug, see the file <samp>kpathsea/BUGS</samp> (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). For solutions to Dvips-specific problems,
+see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>. Also see the Dvips home page at
+<a href="http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips">http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Dvips does require some additional installation, detailed in the
+sections below. Also, to configure color devices, see <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#config_002eps-installation" accesskey="1">config.ps installation</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Printer and site Dvips configuration.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PostScript-font-installation" accesskey="2">PostScript font installation</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Many PostScript fonts are freely available.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ghostscript-installation" accesskey="3">Ghostscript installation</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">A free PostScript interpreter.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="4">Diagnosing problems</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Some common runtime difficulties.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="config_002eps-installation"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript font installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="config_002eps-installation-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.1 <samp>config.ps</samp> installation</h3>
+
+<span id="index-config_002eps-installation"></span>
+<span id="index-installation-of-config_002eps"></span>
+<span id="index-printer-configuration"></span>
+<span id="index-paper-size_002c-default"></span>
+<span id="index-configuration-files_002c-creating"></span>
+
+<p>Dvips has its own configuration files: a file <samp>config.ps</samp> for
+sitewide defaults, and a file <samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp> for each
+printer (output device). Since these are site-specific, <code>make
+install</code> does not create them; you must create them yourself.
+</p>
+<p>(These Dvips configuration files are independent of the Kpathsea
+configuration file <samp>texmf.cnf</samp> (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-config_002eproto"></span>
+<span id="index-prototype-printer-configuration-file"></span>
+<span id="index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype"></span>
+<span id="index-configuration-files_002c-prototype"></span>
+<p>Dvips configuration files contents and searching are described fully in
+<a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>. The simplest way to create a new configuration file
+is to copy and modify the file <samp>dvipsk/contrib/config.proto</samp>,
+seasoning with options to your taste from <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>. Here is
+<samp>config.proto</samp>
+for your reading pleasure:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">% Prototype Dvips configuration file. (Public domain.)
+
+% How to print, maybe with lp instead lpr, etc.
+o |lpr
+
+% Default resolution of this device, in dots per inch.
+D 600
+
+% Metafont mode. (This is completely different from the -M command-line
+% option, which controls whether MakeTeXPK is invoked.) Get
+% <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of mode names. This mode
+% and the D number above must agree, or MakeTeXPK will get confused.
+M ljfour
+
+% Memory available. Download the three-line PostScript file:
+% %! Hey, we're PostScript
+% /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto
+% vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage
+% to determine this number. (It will be the only thing printed.)
+m 3500000
+
+% Correct printer offset. You can use testpage.tex from the LaTeX
+% distribution to find these numbers. Print testpage.dvi more than once.
+O 0pt,0pt
+
+% Partially download Type 1 fonts by default. Only reason not to do
+% this is if you encounter bugs. (Please report them to
+% <a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> if you do.)
+j
+
+% Also look for fonts at these resolutions.
+R 300 600
+
+% With a high resolution and a RISC cpu, better to compress the bitmaps.
+Z
+
+% Uncomment these if you have and want to use PostScript versions of the
+% fonts.
+%p +cmfonts.map
+%p +lafonts.map
+%p +cyrfonts.map
+%p +eufonts.map
+
+% To include another configuration file here.
+%c FILENAME
+
+% You will also want definitions for alternative paper sizes -- A4,
+% legal, and such. Examples in <samp>contrib/papersize.level2</samp> and
+% <samp>contrib/papersize.simple</samp>.
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="PostScript-font-installation"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ghostscript installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#config_002eps-installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">config.ps installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="PostScript-font-installation-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.2 PostScript font installation</h3>
+
+<span id="index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing"></span>
+
+<p>To use PostScript fonts with TeX and Dvips, you need both metric
+files (<samp>.tfm</samp> and <samp>.vf</samp>) and the outlines (<samp>.pfa</samp> or
+<samp>.pfb</samp>). See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>. Current TeX systems
+come with support for 35 base PostScript fonts and many more.
+</p>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system"></span>
+<span id="index-psfonts_002emap"></span>
+<p>If you have additional PostScript fonts, you can make them available
+to Dvips by (1)&nbsp;giving them appropriate filenames; and
+(2)&nbsp;running Afm2tfm (see <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>) to make TFM
+and VF metrics for TeX and Dvips to use. Also add them to
+<samp>psfonts.map</samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>); this file must contain
+everything available in the system. The <code>updmap</code> program is
+usually used to maintain <samp>psfonts.map</samp>; run &lsquo;<samp>updmap --help</samp>&rsquo;
+for lots of information about how it works.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Ghostscript-installation"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="n" rel="next">Diagnosing problems</a>, Previous: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript font installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Ghostscript-installation-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.3 Ghostscript installation</h3>
+
+<span id="index-Ghostscript-installation"></span>
+<span id="index-gs-installation"></span>
+
+<span id="index-Deutsch_002c-Peter"></span>
+<span id="index-Epson-printers"></span>
+<span id="index-previewing-Dvips-output"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-previewers"></span>
+<span id="index-PDF-files_002c-making"></span>
+<span id="index-Aladdin-Ghostscript"></span>
+<p>Ghostscript is a PostScript interpreter freely available to end-users,
+originally written by Peter Deutsch. It can read the PostScript
+produced by Dvips and render it on your monitor, or for another device
+(e.g., an Epson printer) that does not support PostScript, or in PDF
+format. The latest version is available via
+<a href="http://ghostscript.com">http://ghostscript.com</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-Theisen_002c-Tim"></span>
+<span id="index-ghostview"></span>
+<span id="index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-N"></span>
+<span id="index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview"></span>
+<span id="index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview"></span>
+<span id="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-required-by-Ghostview"></span>
+<p>The program Ghostview, originally written by Johannes Plass and Tim
+Theisen, provides typical previewing capabilities (next page/previous
+page, magnification, etc.). It requires Ghostscript to run, and files
+in structured Postscript, specifically with &lsquo;<samp>%%Page</samp>&rsquo; comments (no
+&lsquo;<samp>N</samp>&rsquo; in <samp>config.ps</samp>). The current version is known as GV,
+and is available from <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv">http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</a>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Diagnosing-problems"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ghostscript installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Diagnosing-problems-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.4 Diagnosing problems</h3>
+
+<span id="index-problems"></span>
+<span id="index-trouble"></span>
+<span id="index-debugging"></span>
+
+<p>You&rsquo;ve gone through all the trouble of installing Dvips, carefully read
+all the instructions in this manual, and still can&rsquo;t get something to
+work. The following sections provide some helpful hints if you find
+yourself in such a situation.
+</p>
+<p>For details on effective bug reporting, common installation problems,
+and <code>mktexpk</code> problems, see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+<p>A good first debugging operation is to set the environment variable
+<code>DVIPSDEBUG</code>, which will display any configuration and map files
+read by Dvips. This way you can be sure it&rsquo;s finding the files and
+settings you expect.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Debug-options" accesskey="1">Debug options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Getting diagnostics.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#No-output" accesskey="2">No output</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">No output at all.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Small-or-inverted" accesskey="3">Small or inverted</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Output too small or inverted.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Printer-errors" accesskey="4">Printer errors</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The printer sends back errors.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Long-documents-fail" accesskey="5">Long documents fail</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Long documents fail to print.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Including-graphics-fails" accesskey="6">Including graphics fails</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Figures don&rsquo;t work.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Debug-options"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#No-output" accesskey="n" rel="next">No output</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Debug-options-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">2.4.1 Debug options</h4>
+
+<span id="index-debugging-options"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-debugging"></span>
+
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>-d</samp>&rsquo; flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors.
+The parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are
+currently being tracked. To track a certain class of debug messages,
+specify the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track
+multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track.
+To track all classes, you can use <code>-1</code>.
+</p>
+<p>You can also set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> instead
+of using &lsquo;<samp>-d</samp>&rsquo;. Some of these debugging options are actually
+provided by Kpathsea (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>).
+</p>
+<p>The classes are:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>1</dt>
+<dd><p>specials
+</p></dd>
+<dt>2</dt>
+<dd><p>paths
+</p></dd>
+<dt>4</dt>
+<dd><p>fonts
+</p></dd>
+<dt>8</dt>
+<dd><p>pages
+</p></dd>
+<dt>16</dt>
+<dd><p>headers
+</p></dd>
+<dt>32</dt>
+<dd><p>font compression
+</p></dd>
+<dt>64</dt>
+<dd><p>files
+</p></dd>
+<dt>128</dt>
+<dd><p>(omitted)
+</p></dd>
+<dt>256</dt>
+<dd><p>config files
+</p></dd>
+<dt>512</dt>
+<dd><p>Kpathsea <code>stat</code> calls
+</p></dd>
+<dt>1024</dt>
+<dd><p>Kpathsea hash table lookups
+</p></dd>
+<dt>2048</dt>
+<dd><p>Kpathsea path element expansion
+</p></dd>
+<dt>4096</dt>
+<dd><p>Kpathsea path searches
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="No-output"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Small-or-inverted" accesskey="n" rel="next">Small or inverted</a>, Previous: <a href="#Debug-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Debug options</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="No-output-at-all"></span><h4 class="subsection">2.4.2 No output at all</h4>
+
+<span id="index-output_002c-none"></span>
+<span id="index-no-output-at-all"></span>
+<span id="index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all"></span>
+
+<p>If you are not getting any output at all, even from the simplest
+one-character file (for instance, &lsquo;<samp>\ \bye</samp>&rsquo;), then something is very
+wrong. Practically any file sent to a PostScript laser printer should
+generate some output, at the very least a page detailing what error
+occurred, if any. Talk to your system administrator about downloading a
+PostScript error handler. (Adobe distributes a good one called
+&lsquo;<samp>ehandler.ps</samp>&rsquo;.)
+<span id="index-ehandler_002eps"></span>
+</p>
+<span id="index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation"></span>
+<span id="index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer"></span>
+<span id="index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer"></span>
+<p>It is possible, especially if you are using non-Adobe PostScript, that
+your PostScript interpreter is broken. Even then it should generate an
+error message. Dvips tries to work around as many bugs as possible in
+common non-Adobe PostScript interpreters, but doubtless it misses a few.
+PowerPage Revision 1, Interpreter Version 20001.001, on a Mitsubishi
+Shinko CHC-S446i color thermal dye sublimation printer is known to be
+unable to print with any but builtin fonts.
+</p>
+<p>If Dvips gives any strange error messages, or compilation on your
+machine generated a lot of warnings, perhaps the Dvips program itself is
+broken. Try using the debug options to determine where the error
+occurred (see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>).
+</p>
+<p>It is possible your spooler is broken and is misinterpreting the
+structured comments. Try the &lsquo;<samp>-N</samp>&rsquo; flag to turn off structured
+comments and see what happens.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Small-or-inverted"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Printer-errors" accesskey="n" rel="next">Printer errors</a>, Previous: <a href="#No-output" accesskey="p" rel="prev">No output</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Output-too-small-or-inverted"></span><h4 class="subsection">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</h4>
+
+<span id="index-output_002c-too-small"></span>
+<span id="index-output_002c-inverted"></span>
+<span id="index-inverted-output"></span>
+<span id="index-too_002dsmall-output"></span>
+
+<span id="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output"></span>
+<p>If some documents come out inverted or too small, probably your spooler
+is not supplying an end of job indicator at the end of each file. (This
+commonly happens on small machines that don&rsquo;t have spoolers.) You can
+force Dvips to do this with the &lsquo;<samp>-F</samp>&rsquo; flag (or &lsquo;<samp>F</samp>&rsquo; config file
+option), but this generates files with a terminating binary character
+(control-D). You can also try using the &lsquo;<samp>-s</samp>&rsquo; flag (or &lsquo;<samp>s</samp>&rsquo;
+config file option) to enclose the entire job in a save/restore pair.
+See <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, and <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Printer-errors"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Long-documents-fail" accesskey="n" rel="next">Long documents fail</a>, Previous: <a href="#Small-or-inverted" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Small or inverted</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Error-messages-from-printer"></span><h4 class="subsection">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</h4>
+
+<span id="index-printer-errors"></span>
+<span id="index-error-messages-from-printer"></span>
+<span id="index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors"></span>
+
+<span id="index-bop-undefined-error"></span>
+<p>If your printer returns error messages, the error message gives very
+good information on what might be going wrong. One of the most common
+error messages is &lsquo;<samp>bop undefined</samp>&rsquo;. This is caused by old versions
+of Transcript and other spoolers that do not properly parse the setup
+section of the PostScript. To fix this, turn off structured comments
+with the &lsquo;<samp>-N</samp>&rsquo; option, but it&rsquo;d be best to get your spooling
+software updated.
+</p>
+<span id="index-VM-exhausted"></span>
+<span id="index-printer-memory-exhausted"></span>
+<span id="index-memory-of-printer-exhausted"></span>
+<p>Another error message is &lsquo;<samp>VM exhausted</samp>&rsquo;. Some printers indicate
+this error by locking up, others quietly reset. This is caused by Dvips
+thinking that the printer has more memory than it actually does, and
+then printing a complicated document. To fix this, try lowering the
+&lsquo;<samp>m</samp>&rsquo; parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to
+make sure you adjust the correct file.
+</p>
+<p>Other errors may indicate you are trying to include graphics that don&rsquo;t
+nest properly in other PostScript documents, among other things. Try
+the PostScript file on a QMS PS-810 or other Adobe PostScript printer if
+you have one, or Ghostscript (see <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>); it
+might be a problem with the printer itself.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Long-documents-fail"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails" accesskey="n" rel="next">Including graphics fails</a>, Previous: <a href="#Printer-errors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Printer errors</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Long-documents-fail-to-print"></span><h4 class="subsection">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</h4>
+
+<span id="index-long-documents-not-printing"></span>
+<span id="index-failure_002c-of-long-documents"></span>
+
+<p>This is usually caused by incorrectly specifying the amount of memory
+the printer has in the configuration file; see the previous section.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Including-graphics-fails"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Long-documents-fail" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Long documents fail</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Including-graphics-fails-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</h4>
+
+<span id="index-including-graphics-fails"></span>
+<span id="index-graphics-inclusion-fails"></span>
+<span id="index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics"></span>
+
+<p>The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect bounding
+box (see <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>). Complain to whoever wrote the software that
+generated the file if the bounding box is indeed incorrect.
+</p>
+<span id="index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for"></span>
+<p>Another possible problem is that the figure you are trying to include
+does not nest properly; there are certain rules PostScript applications
+must follow when generating files to be included. The Dvips program
+includes work-arounds for such errors in Adobe Illustrator and other
+programs, but there are certainly applications that haven&rsquo;t been tested.
+</p>
+<p>One possible thing to try is the &lsquo;<samp>-K</samp>&rsquo; flag which strips the comments
+from an included figure. This might be necessary if the PostScript
+spooling software does not read the structured comments correctly. Use
+of this flag will break graphics from some applications, though, since
+some applications read the PostScript file from the input stream,
+looking for a particular comment.
+</p>
+<span id="index-binary-files_002c-not-supported"></span>
+<p>Any application which generates graphics output containing raw binary
+(not ASCII hex) will probably fail with Dvips.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Invoking-Dvips"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="n" rel="next">Paper size and landscape</a>, Previous: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Invoking-Dvips-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">3 Invoking Dvips</h2>
+
+<span id="index-command_002dline-options"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-Dvips"></span>
+<span id="index-invoking-Dvips"></span>
+
+<p>Dvips reads a DVI file as output by (for example) TeX, and converts
+it to PostScript, taking care of builtin or downloaded PostScript fonts,
+font reencoding, color, etc. These features are described in other
+chapters in this document.
+</p>
+<p>There many ways to control Dvips&rsquo; behavior: configuration files,
+environment variables, and command-line options.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="1">Basic usage</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="2">Command-line options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Environment-variables" accesskey="3">Environment variables</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="4">Config files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Basic-usage"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command-line options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Basic-usage-of-Dvips"></span><h3 class="section">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</h3>
+
+<span id="index-usage_002c-basic"></span>
+
+<p>To use Dvips at its simplest, simply type
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">dvips foo
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <samp>foo.dvi</samp> is the output of TeX that you want to print.
+The default output is to a corresponding file <samp>foo.ps</samp>; Dvips may
+also have been locally configured to output directly to a printer by
+default.
+</p>
+<p>If you use fonts that have not been used on your system before, they may
+be automatically generated; this process can take a few minutes, so
+progress reports appear by default. The next time that document is
+printed, these fonts will have been saved in the proper directories, so
+printing will go much faster. (If Dvips tries to endlessly generate the
+same fonts over and over again, it hasn&rsquo;t been installed properly.
+See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.)
+</p>
+<p>Many options are available (see the next section). For a brief summary
+of available options, just type
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">dvips --help
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Command_002dline-options"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Environment-variables" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environment variables</a>, Previous: <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Basic usage</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Command_002dline-options-1"></span><h3 class="section">3.2 Command-line options</h3>
+
+<p>Dvips has a plethora of command line options. Reading through this
+section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Option-summary" accesskey="1">Option summary</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Quick listing, from Dvips &ndash;help.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Option-details" accesskey="2">Option details</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">More information about each option.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Option-summary"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Option-details" accesskey="n" rel="next">Option details</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Option-summary-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 Option summary</h4>
+
+<span id="index-options_002c-summary"></span>
+<p>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
+Dvips with no arguments or with the standard &lsquo;<samp>--help</samp>&rsquo; option.
+<span id="index-_002d_002dhelp"></span>
+</p>
+<pre class="verbatim">Usage: dvips [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi]
+Convert DVI input files to PostScript.
+See http://tug.org/dvips/ for the full manual and other information.
+
+Options:
+-a* Conserve memory, not time -A Print only odd (TeX) pages
+-b # Page copies, for posters e.g. -B Print only even (TeX) pages
+-c # Uncollated copies -C # Collated copies
+-d # Debugging -D # Resolution
+-e # Maxdrift value -E* Try to create EPSF
+-f* Run as filter -F* Send control-D at end
+ -G* Shift low chars to higher pos.
+-h f Add header file
+-i* Separate file per section
+-j* Download fonts partially
+-k* Print crop marks -K* Pull comments from inclusions
+-l # Last page -L* Last special papersize wins
+-m* Manual feed -M* Don't make fonts
+-mode s Metafont device name
+-n # Maximum number of pages -N* No structured comments
+-noomega Disable Omega extensions
+-noptex Disable pTeX extensions
+-o f Output file -O c Set/change paper offset
+-p # First page -P s Load config.$s
+-pp l Print only pages listed
+-q* Run quietly
+-r* Reverse order of pages -R* Run securely
+-s* Enclose output in save/restore -S # Max section size in pages
+-t s Paper format -T c Specify desired page size
+-u s PS mapfile -U* Disable string param trick
+-v Print version number and quit -V* Send downloadable PS fonts as PK
+-x # Override dvi magnification -X # Horizontal resolution
+-y # Multiply by dvi magnification -Y # Vertical resolution
+-z* Hyper PS -Z* Compress bitmap fonts
+ # = number f = file s = string * = suffix, `0' to turn off
+ c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm)
+ l = comma-separated list of page ranges (e.g., 1-4,7-9)
+
+Email bug reports to tex-k@mail.tug.org.
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Option-details"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Option-summary" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Option summary</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Option-details-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">3.2.2 Option details</h4>
+
+<span id="index-option_002c-details-of"></span>
+
+<p>Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by
+suffixing the option with a zero (&lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;); for instance, to turn off
+page reversal, use &lsquo;<samp>-r0</samp>&rsquo;. Such options are marked with a trailing
+&lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002d"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input"></span>
+<span id="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from"></span>
+<p>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
+line.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--help</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002d_002dhelp-1"></span>
+<p>Print a usage message and exit.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--version</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002d_002dversion"></span>
+<p>Print the version number and exit.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-a*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002da"></span>
+<span id="index-memory_002c-conserving"></span>
+<p>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead
+of two and only loading those characters actually used. Generally only
+useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-A</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dA"></span>
+<span id="index-odd-pages-only"></span>
+<p>Print only the odd pages. This option uses TeX
+page numbers, not physical page numbers.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-b <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002db-num"></span>
+<span id="index-_002f_0023copies"></span>
+<span id="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies"></span>
+<span id="index-color-separations"></span>
+<p>Generate <var>num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
+rather than using the &lsquo;<samp>/#copies</samp>&rsquo; PostScript variable. This can
+be useful in conjunction with a header file setting &lsquo;<samp>bop-hook</samp>&rsquo; to
+do color separations or other neat tricks.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-B</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dB"></span>
+<span id="index-even-pages-only"></span>
+<span id="index-double_002dsided-printing"></span>
+<p>Print only the even pages. This option uses TeX page numbers, not
+physical page numbers.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-c <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dc-num"></span>
+<span id="index-_002f_0023copies-1"></span>
+<span id="index-copies_002c-uncollated"></span>
+<span id="index-uncollated-copies"></span>
+<p>Generate <var>num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is
+uncollated. This merely sets the builtin PostScript variable
+&lsquo;<samp>/#copies</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-C <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dC-num"></span>
+<span id="index-copies_002c-collated"></span>
+<span id="index-collated-copies"></span>
+<p>Generate <var>num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
+PostScript file). Slower than the &lsquo;<samp>-c</samp>&rsquo; option, but easier on the
+hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple
+times.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-d <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dd-num"></span>
+<span id="index-debugging-1"></span>
+<p>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing. This will
+work unless Dvips has been compiled without the &lsquo;<samp>DEBUG</samp>&rsquo; option (not
+recommended). See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>, for the possible values of
+<var>num</var>. Use &lsquo;<samp>-d -1</samp>&rsquo; as the first option for maximum output.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-D <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dD-num"></span>
+<span id="index-resolution_002c-setting"></span>
+<p>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var>num</var>, given in
+dpi (dots per inch). This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are
+loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript
+fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal
+and vertical resolution. If a high resolution (something greater than
+400 dpi, say) is selected, the &lsquo;<samp>-Z</samp>&rsquo; flag should probably also be
+used. If you are using fonts made with Metafont, such as Computer
+Modern, <samp>mktexpk</samp> needs to know about the value for <var>num</var>
+that you use or Metafont will fail. See the file
+<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode
+names for most devices.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-e <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002de-num"></span>
+<span id="index-maxdrift"></span>
+<span id="index-accuracy-in-positioning"></span>
+<span id="index-positioning-accuracy"></span>
+<p>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its &lsquo;true&rsquo;
+resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of this
+parameter is resolution dependent (it is the number of entries in the
+list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400,
+2800, 3200, &hellip;] that are less than or equal to the resolution in
+dots per inch). Allowing individual characters to &lsquo;drift&rsquo; from their
+correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true
+position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of
+letters in words.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-E*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dE"></span>
+<span id="index-EPSF_002c-generating"></span>
+<span id="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding"></span>
+<span id="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight"></span>
+<p>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only looks at
+marks made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics. In
+addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the TFM file, so characters
+that print outside their enclosing TFM box may confuse it. In addition,
+the bounding box might be a bit too loose if the character glyph has
+significant left or right side bearings. Nonetheless, this option works
+well enough for creating small EPSF files for equations or tables or the
+like. (Of course, Dvips output, especially when using bitmap fonts, is
+resolution-dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF files,
+especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with
+care.) For multiple page input files, also specify &lsquo;<samp>-i</samp>&rsquo; to get
+each page as a separate EPSF file; otherwise, all the pages are overlaid
+in the single output file.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-f*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002df"></span>
+<span id="index-filter_002c-running-as-a"></span>
+<span id="index-standard-I_002fO"></span>
+<span id="index-pipes_002c-not-readable"></span>
+<span id="index-PRINTER_002c-avoided-with-_002df"></span>
+<p>Run as a filter. Read the DVI file from standard input and write the
+PostScript to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so
+it cannot be a pipe. If your input must be a pipe, write a shell script
+that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points Dvips at
+this file. This option also disables the automatic reading of the
+<code>PRINTER</code> environment variable; use &lsquo;<samp>-P$PRINTER</samp>&rsquo; after the
+&lsquo;<samp>-f</samp>&rsquo; to read it anyway. It also turns off the automatic sending of
+control-D if it was turned on with the &lsquo;<samp>-F</samp>&rsquo; option or in the
+configuration file; use &lsquo;<samp>-F</samp>&rsquo; after the &lsquo;<samp>-f</samp>&rsquo; to send it anyway.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-F*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dF"></span>
+<span id="index-EOF"></span>
+<span id="index-control_002dD"></span>
+<span id="index-printer_002c-driving-directly"></span>
+<span id="index-spooler_002c-lacking"></span>
+<p>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the
+PostScript file. This is useful when Dvips is driving the printer
+directly instead of working through a spooler, as is common on personal
+systems. On systems shared by more than one person, this is not
+recommended.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-G*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dG"></span>
+<span id="index-low-characters_002c-shifting"></span>
+<span id="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting"></span>
+<p>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions.
+This was useful to work around bugs in old versions of Adobe&rsquo;s PDF
+reader. It&rsquo;s more likely to cause problems nowadays.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-h <var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dh-name"></span>
+<span id="index-header-file_002c-downloading"></span>
+<span id="index-userdict_002c-used-for-header-files"></span>
+<p>Prepend <var>name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var>name</var> is
+&lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo;, suppress all header files. Any definitions in the header file
+get added to the PostScript &lsquo;<samp>userdict</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-i*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002di"></span>
+<span id="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files"></span>
+<span id="index-multiple-output-files"></span>
+<span id="index-output-files_002c-multiple"></span>
+<p>Make each section be a separate file; a <em>section</em> is a part of the
+document processed independently, most often created to avoid memory
+overflow. The filenames are created replacing the suffix of the
+supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number. This option
+is most often used in conjunction with the &lsquo;<samp>-S</samp>&rsquo; option which sets
+the maximum section length in pages; if &lsquo;<samp>-i</samp>&rsquo; is specified and
+&lsquo;<samp>-S</samp>&rsquo; is not, each page is output as a separate file. For instance,
+some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages
+before running out of steam; these options can be used to automatically
+split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file.
+</p>
+<p>On the other hand, if your document uses very large fonts or very
+large included figures, Dvips might take it upon itself to split the
+output into unwanted sections, to try to avoid overflowing printer
+memory. See <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a>, for ways to handle this.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-j*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading"></span>
+<p>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the
+default in the current release. Some debugging flags trace this operation
+(see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>). You can also control partial downloading on a
+per-font basis (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-k*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dk-for-cropmarks"></span>
+<span id="index-cropmarks"></span>
+<span id="index-crop_002epro"></span>
+<p>Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be
+specified, either with a paper size special or with the &lsquo;<samp>-T</samp>&rsquo;
+option) by a half inch in each dimension. It translates each page by a
+quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with
+typesetters that can set the page size automatically. This works by
+downloading <samp>crop.pro</samp>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-K*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dK"></span>
+<span id="index-comments_002c-removing-included"></span>
+<span id="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-removing"></span>
+<p>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and
+headers; only necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript
+post-processing programs. Specifically, the &lsquo;<samp>%%Page</samp>&rsquo;
+comments, when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can
+cause other graphics to fail, however, since the PostScript header
+macros from some software packages read portion the input stream line by
+line, searching for a particular comment.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-l [=]<var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum"></span>
+<span id="index-last-page-printed"></span>
+<span id="index-page_002c-last-printed"></span>
+<span id="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></span>
+<span id="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></span>
+<p>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the last page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals
+sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo; option, if specified)
+is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to
+compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp>\count0</samp>&rsquo; values stored in the DVI file.
+Thus, using &lsquo;<samp>-l =9</samp>&rsquo; will end with the ninth page of the document,
+no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-L*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dL"></span>
+<span id="index-papersize-special_002c-first-vs_002e-last"></span>
+<p>By default or with <code>-L1</code>, the last &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special wins;
+with <code>-L0</code>, the first special wins. See <a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-m*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dm"></span>
+<span id="index-manual-feed"></span>
+<p>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-mode <var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dmode-mode"></span>
+<span id="index-_002dmode"></span>
+<span id="index-mode-name_002c-specifying"></span>
+<span id="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying"></span>
+<p>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
+generation. This overrides any value from configuration files. With
+the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes the program
+assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named <var>mode</var>.
+See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>. If Metafont does not understand the <var>mode</var> name, see
+<a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-M*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dM"></span>
+<span id="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding"></span>
+<span id="index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"></span>
+<span id="index-missfont_002elog"></span>
+<p>Turns off automatic font generation (<samp>mktexpk</samp>). If
+<code>mktexpk</code>, the invocation is appended to a file
+<samp>missfont.log</samp> (by default) in the current directory. You can then
+execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the
+problem.
+<span id="index-TEXMFOUTPUT"></span>
+<span id="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG"></span>
+If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or
+configuration file value &lsquo;<samp>TEXMFOUTPUT</samp>&rsquo; is set, its value is used.
+Otherwise, nothing is written. The name &lsquo;<samp>missfont.log</samp>&rsquo; is
+overridden by the &lsquo;<samp>MISSFONT_LOG</samp>&rsquo; environment variable or
+configuration file value.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-n <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dn-num"></span>
+<span id="index-maximum-pages-printed"></span>
+<span id="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed"></span>
+<p>Print at most <var>num</var> pages. Default is 100000.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-N*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dN"></span>
+<span id="index-structured-comments"></span>
+<span id="index-TranScript"></span>
+<span id="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-not-generating"></span>
+<p>Turns off generation of structured comments such as &lsquo;<samp>%%Page</samp>&rsquo;; this
+may be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript
+comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers. Old versions of
+TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.
+Beware: This also disables page movement, etc., in PostScript viewers
+such as Ghostview.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-noomega</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dnoomega"></span>
+<span id="index-Omega-extensions"></span>
+<span id="index-pTeX-extensions"></span>
+<p>Disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI
+files. By default, the additional opcodes &lsquo;<samp>129</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>134</samp>&rsquo;
+are recognized by Dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted as
+requests to set 2-byte characters.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-noptex</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dnoptex"></span>
+<span id="index-pTeX-extensions-1"></span>
+<p>Disable the use of pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files. By
+default, the additional opcodes &lsquo;<samp>130</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>135</samp>&rsquo; are
+recognized by Dvips as Omega extensions and interpreted as requests to
+set 3-byte characters, and &lsquo;<samp>255</samp>&rsquo; as request to change the
+typesetting direction.
+</p>
+<p>The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least
+temporarily) require 65536 or more positions instead of the default
+256 positions, i.e., the memory requirements of Dvips will be somewhat
+larger. If you find this unacceptable or encounter another problem
+with the Omega or pTeX extensions, you can switch off the pTeX
+extension by using &lsquo;<samp>-noptex</samp>&rsquo;, or both by using &lsquo;<samp>-noomega</samp>&rsquo;
+(but please do send a bug report if you find such problems,
+see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-o <var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002do-name"></span>
+<span id="index-output_002c-redirecting"></span>
+<span id="index-standard-output_002c-output-to"></span>
+<p>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. If &lsquo;<samp>-o</samp>&rsquo; is specified without
+<var>name</var> (i.e., it is the last thing on the command line), the
+default is &lsquo;<samp><var>file</var>.ps</samp>&rsquo; where the input DVI file was
+&lsquo;<samp><var>file</var>.dvi</samp>&rsquo;. If &lsquo;<samp>-o</samp>&rsquo; isn&rsquo;t given at all, the
+configuration file default is used.
+</p>
+<span id="index-popen-for-output"></span>
+<span id="index-_002d-as-output-filename"></span>
+<span id="index-_0021-starting-output-filename"></span>
+<span id="index-_007c-starting-output-filename"></span>
+<span id="index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation"></span>
+<span id="index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS"></span>
+<p>If <var>name</var> is &lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo;, output goes to standard output. If the first
+character of <var>name</var> is &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>|</samp>&rsquo;, then the remainder will
+be used as an argument to <code>popen</code>; thus, specifying &lsquo;<samp>|lpr</samp>&rsquo; as
+the output file will automatically queue the file for printing as
+usual. (The MS-DOS version will print to the local printer device
+<samp>PRN</samp> when <var>name</var> is &lsquo;<samp>|lpr</samp>&rsquo; and a program by that name
+cannot be found.)
+</p>
+<p>&lsquo;<samp>-o</samp>&rsquo; disables the automatic reading of the <code>PRINTER</code>
+environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control-D.
+See the &lsquo;<samp>-f</samp>&rsquo; option for how to override this.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-O <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset"></span>
+<span id="index-offset-pages"></span>
+<span id="index-printer-offset"></span>
+<p>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp>.1in,-.3cm</samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a>). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
+(of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of
+the paper) by this amount. This is usually best specified in the
+printer-specific configuration file.
+</p>
+<span id="index-testpage_002etex"></span>
+<p>This is useful for a printer that consistently offsets output pages by a
+certain amount. You can use the file <samp>testpage.tex</samp> to determine
+the correct value for your printer. Be sure to do several runs with the
+same <code>O</code> value&mdash;some printers vary widely from run to run.
+</p>
+<span id="index-bop_002dhook_002c-and-offset-pages"></span>
+<p>If your printer offsets every other page consistently, instead of every
+page, your best recourse is to use &lsquo;<samp>bop-hook</samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-p [=]<var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum"></span>
+<span id="index-first-page-printed"></span>
+<span id="index-page_002c-first-printed"></span>
+<span id="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></span>
+<span id="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></span>
+<p>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the first page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an
+equals sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp>-l</samp>&rsquo; option, if
+specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than
+a value to compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp>\count0</samp>&rsquo; values stored in the
+DVI file. Thus, using &lsquo;<samp>-p =3</samp>&rsquo; will start with the third page of
+the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-pp <var>first</var>-<var>last</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dpp-first_002dlast"></span>
+<span id="index-page-range"></span>
+<span id="index-_002dpp-range"></span>
+<p>Print pages <var>first</var> through <var>last</var>; equivalent to &lsquo;<samp>-p
+<var>first</var> -l <var>last</var></samp>&rsquo;, except that multiple &lsquo;<samp>-pp</samp>&rsquo; options
+accumulate, unlike &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>-l</samp>&rsquo;. The &lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo; separator can
+also be &lsquo;<samp>:</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-P <var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dP-printer"></span>
+<span id="index-config_002eps"></span>
+<p>Read the configuration file <samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp>
+(<samp><var>printer</var>.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS), which typically sets the output
+name (most likely &lsquo;<samp>o |lpr -P<var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo;), resolution, Metafont
+mode, and perhaps other printer-specific defaults. It works best to
+put sitewide defaults in the one master &lsquo;<samp>config.ps</samp>&rsquo; file and only
+things that vary from printer to printer in the
+&lsquo;<samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo; files; &lsquo;<samp>config.ps</samp>&rsquo; is read before
+&lsquo;<samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>A configuration file for eventual creation of Adobe PDF files is
+provided in &lsquo;<samp>config.pdf</samp>&rsquo; and thus can be loaded with
+&lsquo;<samp>-Ppdf</samp>&rsquo;. It will try to include Type 1 outline fonts into the
+PostScript file (see <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>).
+</p>
+<p>If no &lsquo;<samp>-P</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>-o</samp>&rsquo; is given, the environment variable
+<code>PRINTER</code> is checked. If that variable exists, and a corresponding
+<samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp> (<samp><var>printer</var>.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS) file
+exists, it is read.
+See <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-q*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dq"></span>
+<span id="index-quiet-operation"></span>
+<span id="index-silent-operation"></span>
+<span id="index-warnings_002c-suppressing"></span>
+<p>Run quietly. Don&rsquo;t chatter about pages converted, etc.,
+and report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-r*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dr"></span>
+<span id="index-reverse-pagination"></span>
+<p>Output pages in reverse order. By default, page 1 is output first.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-R</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dR"></span>
+<span id="index-security"></span>
+<span id="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling"></span>
+<span id="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling"></span>
+<span id="index-_002e_002e_002drelative-filenames"></span>
+<p>Run securely. &lsquo;<samp>-R2</samp>&rsquo; disables both shell command execution in
+<code>\special</code> (via &lsquo;<samp>`</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>)
+and config files (via the &lsquo;<samp>E</samp>&rsquo; option, see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute or <samp>..</samp>-relative
+filenames. &lsquo;<samp>-R1</samp>&rsquo;, the default, forbids shell escapes but allows
+absolute filenames. &lsquo;<samp>-R0</samp>&rsquo; allows both.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-s*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002ds"></span>
+<span id="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global"></span>
+<p>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair. This causes the file
+to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful
+if you are driving a deficient printer directly and thus don&rsquo;t care too
+much about the portability of the output to other environments.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-S <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dS-num"></span>
+<p>Set the maximum number of pages in each &lsquo;section&rsquo;. This option is most
+commonly used with the &lsquo;<samp>-i</samp>&rsquo; option; see its description above for
+more information.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-t <var>papertype</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dt-papertype"></span>
+<span id="index-paper-type"></span>
+<span id="index-media"></span>
+<span id="index-letter-papertype"></span>
+<span id="index-legal-papertype"></span>
+<span id="index-ledger-papertype"></span>
+<span id="index-a4-papertype"></span>
+<span id="index-a3-papertype"></span>
+<span id="index-landscape-papertype"></span>
+<span id="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_002dt"></span>
+<p>Set the paper type to <var>papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the
+configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to
+select it (see <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>).
+</p><ul class="no-bullet">
+<li>- You can also specify a <var>papertype</var> of &lsquo;<samp>landscape</samp>&rsquo;,
+which rotates a document by 90 degrees.
+</li><li>- To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you
+can use the &lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo; option twice, once for the paper type, and once
+for &lsquo;<samp>landscape</samp>&rsquo;.
+</li><li>- In general, you should not use any &lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo; option when
+using a &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special, which some LaTeX packages (e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp>hyperref</samp>&rsquo;) insert.
+</li><li>- One exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that is not
+already defined in <samp>config.ps</samp>; in this case, you need to specify
+&lsquo;<samp>-t&nbsp;unknown</samp>&rsquo;.
+</li><li>- Another exception is when producing multi-page files for further
+processing; use &lsquo;<samp>-t&nbsp;nopaper</samp>&rsquo; to omit any paper size
+information in the output. (If you just have a single page document,
+you can use &lsquo;<samp>-E</samp>&rsquo; to get pure EPSF output.)
+</li></ul>
+
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-T <var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize"></span>
+<p>Set the paper size to (<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var>), a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp>.1in,-.3cm</samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a>). It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file. Be
+careful, as the paper size will stick to a predefined size if there is
+one close enough. To disable this behavior, use &lsquo;<samp>-tunknown</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-u <var>psmapfile</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002du-psmapfile"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-font-alias-file"></span>
+<span id="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers"></span>
+<p>Set <var>psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up
+PostScript font aliases. If <var>psmapfile</var> begins with a &lsquo;<samp>+</samp>&rsquo;
+character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the map file,
+and the map file is appended to the list of map files (instead of replacing
+the list). In either case, if the name has no extension, then &lsquo;<samp>.map</samp>&rsquo;
+is added at the end.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-U*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dU"></span>
+<span id="index-Xerox-4045"></span>
+<p>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the
+character metric information in the same string that is used to store
+the bitmap information. This is only necessary when driving the Xerox
+4045 PostScript interpreter, which has a bug that puts garbage on the
+bottom of each character. Not recommended unless you must drive this
+printer.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-v</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dv"></span>
+<p>Print the dvips version number and exit.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-V*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dV"></span>
+<p>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps. This requires use
+<span id="index-mtpk"></span>
+<span id="index-gsftopk"></span>
+<span id="index-pstopk"></span>
+of <code>mtpk</code> or <code>gsftopk</code> or <code>pstopk</code> or some combination
+thereof to generate the required bitmap fonts; these programs are
+supplied with Dvips. The bitmap must be put into <samp>psfonts.map</samp> as
+the downloadable file for that font. This is useful only for those
+fonts for which you do not have real outlines, being downloaded to
+printers that have no resident fonts, i.e., very rarely.
+</p>
+
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-x <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dx-num"></span>
+<span id="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI"></span>
+<p>Set the magnification ratio to <em><var>num</var>/1000</em>. Overrides
+the magnification specified in the DVI file. Must be between 10 and
+100000. It is recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095,
+1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total
+number of PK files generated. <var>num</var> may be a real number, not an
+integer, for increased precision.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-X <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dX-num"></span>
+<span id="index-resolution"></span>
+<p>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var>num</var>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-y <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-magnification_002c-vertical"></span>
+<p>Set the magnification ratio to <em><var>num</var>/1000</em> times the
+magnification specified in the DVI file. See
+&lsquo;<samp>-x</samp>&rsquo; above.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-Y <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dY-num"></span>
+<p>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var>num.</var>
+<span id="index-resolution-1"></span>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-z*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling"></span>
+<span id="index-distillation_002c-and-_002dz"></span>
+<span id="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for"></span>
+<span id="index-html-specials_002c-and-_002dz"></span>
+<p>Pass &lsquo;<samp>html</samp>&rsquo; hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
+distillation into PDF. This is not enabled by default to avoid
+including the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in
+creating the output. See <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-Z*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts"></span>
+<p>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of
+what gets downloaded. Especially useful at high resolutions or when
+very large fonts are used. May slow down printing, especially on early
+68000-based PostScript printers. Generally recommend today, and can be
+enabled in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Environment-variables"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Config files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command-line options</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Environment-variables-1"></span><h3 class="section">3.3 Environment variables</h3>
+
+<span id="index-environment-variables"></span>
+
+<p>Dvips looks for many environment variables, to define search paths and
+other things. The path variables are read as needed, after all
+configuration files are read, so they override values in the
+configuration files. (Except for <code>TEXCONFIG</code>, which defines where
+the configuration files themselves are found.)
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Path-specifications">Path specifications</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>, for details of
+interpretation of path and other environment variables common to all
+Kpathsea-using programs. Only the environment variables specific to
+Dvips are mentioned here.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code>
+<span id="index-DVIPSDEBUG"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"></span>
+<p>Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to
+standard output, for debugging. This isn&rsquo;t done by default because
+these files are read even before the banner is printed. For
+voluminous additional debugging, set the environment variable
+<code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp>-1</samp>&rsquo;
+(see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). (If <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> is
+set to any value, it automatically turns on <code>DVIPSDEBUG</code>.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>DVIPSFONTS</code>
+<span id="index-DVIPSFONTS"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Default path to search for all fonts. Overrides all the font path
+config file options and other environment variables (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported
+file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code>
+<span id="index-DVIPSHEADERS"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Default path to search for PostScript header files. Overrides the &lsquo;<samp>H</samp>&rsquo;
+config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code>
+<span id="index-DVIPSMAKEPK"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-mktexpk_002c-changing-name"></span>
+<p>Overrides &lsquo;<samp>mktexpk</samp>&rsquo; as the name of the program to invoke to
+create missing PK fonts. You can change the arguments passed to the
+<code>mktexpk</code> program with the <code>MAKETEXPK</code> environment
+variable; see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#MakeTeX-script-arguments">MakeTeX script arguments</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>DVIPSRC</code>
+<span id="index-DVIPSRC"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp>config.ps</samp> but before any
+printer-specific configuration files.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>DVIPSSIZES</code>
+<span id="index-DVIPSSIZES"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-DVIPSSIZES"></span>
+<p>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts. Overrides the &lsquo;<samp>R</samp>&rsquo;
+definition in config files (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>PRINTER</code>
+<span id="index-PRINTER"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Determine the default printer configuration file. (Dvips itself does
+not use <code>PRINTER</code> to determine the output destination in any way.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>TEXCONFIG</code>
+<span id="index-TEXCONFIG"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-configuration-file-path"></span>
+<p>Path to search for Dvips&rsquo; <samp>config.<var>printer</var></samp> configuration
+files, including the base <samp>config.ps</samp>. Using this single
+environment variable, you can override everything else. (The
+printer-specific configuration files are called <samp><var>printer</var>.cfg</samp>
+on MS-DOS, but <samp>config.ps</samp> is called by that name on all
+platforms.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>TEXPICTS</code>
+<span id="index-TEXPICTS"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Path to search for included graphics files. Overrides the &lsquo;<samp>S</samp>&rsquo;
+config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>). If not set,
+<code>TEXINPUTS</code> is looked for. See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Config-files"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Environment-variables" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environment variables</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking Dvips</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Dvips-configuration-files"></span><h3 class="section">3.4 Dvips configuration files</h3>
+
+<span id="index-configuration-files"></span>
+
+<p>This section describes in detail the Dvips-specific <samp>config.*</samp>
+device configuration files (called <samp>*.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS), which
+override the <samp>texmf.cnf</samp>
+configuration files generic to Kpathsea which Dvips also reads
+(see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>).
+</p>
+<p>For information about installing these files, including a prototype file
+you can copy, see <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Configuration-file-searching" accesskey="1">Configuration file searching</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Where config.* files are searched for.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Configuration-file-commands" accesskey="2">Configuration file commands</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">What can go in a config.* file.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Configuration-file-searching"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Configuration file commands</a>, Up: <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Config files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Configuration-file-searching-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</h4>
+
+<span id="index-configuration-file-searching"></span>
+<span id="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of"></span>
+
+<p>The Dvips program loads many different configuration files, so that
+parameters can be set globally across the system, on a per-device basis,
+or individually by each user.
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li> <span id="index-config_002eps_002c-searched-for"></span>
+Dvips first reads (if it exists) <samp>config.ps</samp>; it is searched for
+along the path for Dvips configuration files, as described in
+<a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-_002edvipsrc_002c-searched-for"></span>
+A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override
+any options set in the global file. The environment variable
+<code>DVIPSRC</code>, if defined, is used as the specification of the startup
+file. If this variable is undefined, Dvips uses a platform-specific
+default name. On Unix Dvips looks for the default startup file under
+the name <samp>$HOME/.dvipsrc</samp>, which is in the user&rsquo;s home directory.
+On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, where users generally don&rsquo;t have their private
+directories, the startup file is called <samp>dvips.ini</samp> and it is
+searched for along the path for Dvips configuration files (as described
+in <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.); users are
+expected to set this path as they see fit for their taste.
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-_002dPprinter_002c-and-config-file-searching"></span>
+The command line is read and parsed: if the &lsquo;<samp>-P<var>device</var></samp>&rsquo; option
+is encountered, at that point <samp>config.<var>device</var></samp> is loaded.
+Thus, the printer configuration file can override anything in the
+site-wide or user configuration file, and it can also override options
+in the command line up to the point that the &lsquo;<samp>-P</samp>&rsquo; option was
+encountered. (On MS-DOS, the printer configuration files are called
+<samp><var>device</var>.cfg</samp>, since DOS doesn&rsquo;t allow more than 3 characters
+after the dot in filenames.)
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-PRINTER_002c-and-config-file-searching"></span>
+If no &lsquo;<samp>-P</samp>&rsquo; option was specified, and also the &lsquo;<samp>-o</samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp>-f</samp>&rsquo; command line options were not used, Dvips checks the
+environment variable <code>PRINTER</code>. If it exists, then
+<samp>config.<var>$PRINTER</var></samp> (<samp><var>$PRINTER</var>.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS) is
+loaded (if it exists).
+
+</li></ol>
+
+<p>Because the <samp>.dvipsrc</samp> file is read before the printer-specific
+configuration files, individual users cannot override settings in the
+latter. On the other hand, the <code>TEXCONFIG</code> path can be set to
+anything, so the users can always define their own printer-specific
+configuration files to be found before the system&rsquo;s.
+</p>
+<p>A few command-line options are treated specially, in that they are not
+overridden by configuration files:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-D</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the mode was
+previously set from a configuration file. If <samp>config.$PRINTER</samp> is
+read, however, any &lsquo;<samp>D</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>M</samp>&rsquo; lines from there will take
+effect.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-mode</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>This overrides any mode setting (&lsquo;<samp>M</samp>&rsquo; line) in configuration files.
+&lsquo;<samp>-mode</samp>&rsquo; does not affect the resolution.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-o</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>This overrides any output setting (&lsquo;<samp>o</samp>&rsquo; line) in configuration files.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The purpose of these special cases is to (1) minimize the chance of
+having a mismatched mode and resolution (which &lsquo;<samp>mktexpk</samp>&rsquo; cannot
+resolve), and (2) let command-line options override config files where
+possible.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Configuration-file-commands"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Configuration file searching</a>, Up: <a href="#Config-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Config files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Configuration-file-commands-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</h4>
+
+<span id="index-configuration-file-options"></span>
+<span id="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options"></span>
+
+<p>Most of the configuration file commands are similar to corresponding
+command line options, but there are a few exceptions. When they are the
+same, we omit the description here.
+</p>
+<p>As with command line options, many may be turned off by suffixing the
+letter with a zero (&lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;).
+</p>
+<span id="index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files"></span>
+<span id="index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported"></span>
+<p>Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a
+space, asterisk, equal sign, percent sign, or pound sign are ignored.
+There is no provision for continuation lines.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>@ <var>name hsize vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_0040-config-command-_0028define-paper-sizes_0029"></span>
+<p>Define paper sizes. See <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>a*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-a-config-command-_0028conserve-memory_0029"></span>
+<p>Memory conservation. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-a</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>b <var>#copies</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029"></span>
+<p>Multiple copies. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-b</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>c <var>filename</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-c-config-command-_0028include-another-config-file_0029"></span>
+<p>Include <var>filename</var> as an additional configuration file, read
+immediately.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>D <var>dpi</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029"></span>
+<p>Output resolution. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-D</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>e <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029"></span>
+<p>Max drift. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-e</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>E <var>command</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-system-in-config-file"></span>
+<span id="index-datestamp_002c-in-output"></span>
+<span id="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file"></span>
+<p>Executes the command listed with <code>system</code>(3); can be used to get
+the current date into a header file for inclusion, for instance.
+Possibly dangerous; this may be disabled, in which case a warning will
+be printed if the option is used (and warnings are not suppressed).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>f*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>F</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-F-config-command-_0028filter_0029"></span>
+<p>Run as a filter. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-f</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>G*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-G-config-command-_0028character-shifting_0029"></span>
+<p>Shift low-numbered characters; obsolete. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-G</samp>&rsquo;,
+see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>h <var>header</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-h-config-command-_0028download-additional-header_0029"></span>
+<p>Prepend <var>header</var> to output. Same as &lsquo;<samp>h-</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>H <var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-H-config-command-_0028PostScript-header-path_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-header-path_002c-defining"></span>
+<span id="index-DVIPSHEADERS_002c-overrides-H"></span>
+<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for PostScript header files. The environment
+variable <code>DVIPSHEADERS</code> overrides this.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>i <var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029"></span>
+<p>Make multiple output files. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-i -S <var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>j*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029"></span>
+<p>Partially download Type 1 fonts. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-j</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>K*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-K-config-command-_0028comment-removal_0029"></span>
+<p>Remove comments from included PostScript files. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-K</samp>&rsquo;,
+see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>L*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-L-config-command-_0028last-paper-size-wins_0029"></span>
+<p>If zero, the first paper size specified is effective, else the last.
+Same as &lsquo;<samp>-L</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>m <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-memory-available"></span>
+<span id="index-printer-memory"></span>
+<p>Declare <var>num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the
+printer. The compile-time default is 180000, but this is typically
+overridden by <samp>config.ps</samp> or other configuration files. This
+value must be accurate if memory conservation and document splitting
+is to work correctly. To determine this value, send the following
+file to the printer:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">%! Hey, we're PostScript
+/Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto
+vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The number printed by this file is the total memory free; it is usually
+best to tell Dvips that the printer has slightly less memory, because
+many programs download permanent macros that can reduce the memory in
+the printer. Some systems or printers can dynamically increase the
+memory available to a PostScript interpreter, in which case this file
+might return a ridiculously low number; for example, the NeXT computer
+and Ghostscript. In these cases, a value of, say, 10 million is
+likely fine.
+</p>
+<p>To go all out: If <var>num</var> is zero or negative, Dvips sets the
+available memory to a very large number (the maximum integer value in
+C), the idea being that output is not to a printer and thus no
+splitting of the output is desirable. The Dvips config file
+<samp>config.maxmem</samp> is provided to do this conveniently, namely with
+&lsquo;<samp>dvips -Pmaxmem</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>M <var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029"></span>
+<p>Metafont mode. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-mode</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>N*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-N--config-command-_0028disable-EPS_0029"></span>
+<p>Disable structured comments. Beware: This also turns off displaying
+page numbers or changing to specific pagenumbers in PostScript viewers.
+Same as &lsquo;<samp>-N</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>o <var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-o-config-command-_0028output-destination_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-output-file_002c-setting"></span>
+<p>Send output to <var>name</var>. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-o</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+In the file <samp>config.foo</samp>, a setting like this is probably
+appropriate:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">o |lpr -Pfoo
+</pre></div>
+<p>The MS-DOS version will emulate spooling to <code>lpr</code> by printing to
+the local printer device <samp>PRN</samp> if it doesn&rsquo;t find an executable
+program by that name in the current directory or along the <code>PATH</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>O <var>xoff</var>,<var>yoff</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-O-config-command-_0028page-offsets_0029"></span>
+<p>Origin offset. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-O</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>p <span class="roman">[+]</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-1"></span>
+<span id="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-1"></span>
+<span id="index-_002bpsmapfile"></span>
+<p>Examine <var>name</var> for PostScript font aliases. Default is
+<samp>psfonts.map</samp>. This option allows you to specify different resident
+fonts that different printers may have. If <var>name</var> starts with a
+&lsquo;<samp>+</samp>&rsquo; character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces)
+is used as an additional map file; thus, it is possible to have local
+map files pointed to by local configuration files that append to the
+global map file. This can be used for font families.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>P <var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-PKFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></span>
+<span id="index-TEXPKS_002c-overrides-P"></span>
+<span id="index-GLYPHFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></span>
+<span id="index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-P"></span>
+<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var>path</var>. The
+<code>PKFONTS</code>, <code>TEXPKS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, and <code>TEXFONTS</code>
+environment variables override this. See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>q*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Q</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-Q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"></span>
+<p>Run quietly. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-q</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>r*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029"></span>
+<p>Page reversal. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-r</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>R <var>num1 num2 &hellip;</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-R-config-command-_0028fallback-resolution_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-fallback-resolutions"></span>
+<span id="index-default-resolutions"></span>
+<span id="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-R"></span>
+<p>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts. If a font size
+actually used in a document is not available and cannot be created,
+Dvips will scale the font found at the closest of these resolutions to
+the requested size, using PostScript scaling. The resulting output may
+be ugly, and thus a warning is issued. To turn this last-resort scaling
+off, use a line with just the &lsquo;<samp>R</samp>&rsquo; and no numbers.
+</p>
+<p>The given numbers must be sorted in increasing order; any number smaller
+than the preceding one is ignored. This is because it is better to
+scale a font up than down; scaling down can obliterate small features in
+the character shape.
+</p>
+<span id="index-DVIPSSIZES_002c-overrides-R"></span>
+<span id="index-TEXSIZES_002c-overrides-R"></span>
+<p>The environment and config file values &lsquo;<samp>DVIPSSIZES</samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp>TEXSIZES</samp>&rsquo; override this configuration file setting.
+</p>
+<span id="index-default_005ftexsizes-Make-variable"></span>
+<p>If no &lsquo;<samp>R</samp>&rsquo; settings or environment variables are specified, a list
+compiled in during installation is used. This default list is defined by
+the Makefile variable &lsquo;<samp>default_texsizes</samp>&rsquo;, defined in the file
+<samp>make/paths.make</samp>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>s*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-s-config-command-_0028global-save_002frestore_0029"></span>
+<p>Output global save/restore. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-s</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>S <var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-TEXPICTS_002c-overrides-S"></span>
+<span id="index-TEXINPUTS_002c-overrides-S"></span>
+<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated
+PostScript files or psfiles). The <code>TEXPICTS</code> and then
+<code>TEXINPUTS</code> environment variables override this.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>T <var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-TFMFONTS_002c-overrides-T"></span>
+<span id="index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-T"></span>
+<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for TFM files. The <code>TFMFONTS</code> and then
+<code>TEXFONTS</code> environment variables overrides this. This path is used
+for resident fonts and fonts that can&rsquo;t otherwise be found.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>U*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029"></span>
+<p>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-U</samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>V <var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-virtual-font-path"></span>
+<span id="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts"></span>
+<p>Use <var>path</var> to search for virtual font files. This may be
+device-dependent if you use virtual fonts to simulate actual fonts on
+different devices.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>W <span class="roman">[<var>string</var>]</span></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-W-config-command-_0028emit-warning_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-warning-messages_002c-defining"></span>
+<p>If <var>string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading
+all the configuration files; with no <var>string</var>, cancel any previous
+&lsquo;<samp>W</samp>&rsquo; message. This is useful in the default configuration file to
+remind users to specify a printer, for instance, or to notify users
+about special characteristics of a particular printer.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>X <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029"></span>
+<p>Horizontal resolution. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-X</samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Y <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029"></span>
+<p>Vertical resolution. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-Y</samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Z*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-Z-config-command-_0028compress-fonts_0029"></span>
+<p>Compress bitmap fonts. Same as &lsquo;<samp>-Z</samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>z*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029"></span>
+<p>Disables execution of system commands, like &lsquo;<samp>-R</samp>&rsquo;
+(see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). If &lsquo;<samp>-R</samp>&rsquo; is specified
+on the command line, that takes precedence.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Paper-size-and-landscape"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="n" rel="next">Interaction with PostScript</a>, Previous: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Invoking Dvips</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Paper-size-and-landscape-orientation"></span><h2 class="chapter">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</h2>
+
+<span id="index-paper-size_002c-general"></span>
+
+<p>Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the
+local standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4
+elsewhere). The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or
+for a particular printer.
+</p>
+<span id="index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined"></span>
+<span id="index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined"></span>
+<p>On the other hand, plenty of documents are designed for other paper
+sizes. For instance, you may want to design a document that has the
+long edge of the paper horizontal. This can be useful when
+typesetting booklets, brochures, complex tables, or many other
+documents. This type of paper orientation is called <em>landscape</em>
+orientation (the default orientation is called <em>portrait</em>).
+Alternatively, a document might be designed for ledger or A3 paper.
+</p>
+<p>Since the intended paper size in these cases is a document design
+decision, not a printing decision, such information should be given in
+the TeX file and not on the Dvips command line. For this reason,
+Dvips supports a &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special. It is hoped that this
+special will become standard over time for TeX previewers and other
+printer drivers.
+</p>
+<p>Some LaTeX packages, e.g., &lsquo;<samp>hyperref.sty</samp>&rsquo;, write a
+&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special into the DVI file. In this case, you need
+not and should not attempt to override it manually.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#papersize-special" accesskey="1">&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying the paper size in TeX.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes" accesskey="2">Config file paper sizes</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying printer- and site-specific sizes.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Paper-trays" accesskey="3">Paper trays</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing paper trays automatically.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="papersize-special"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Config file paper sizes</a>, Up: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="u" rel="up">Paper size and landscape</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="papersize-special-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.1 &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</h3>
+
+<span id="index-papersize-special"></span>
+
+<p>The format of the &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special is
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{papersize=<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p><var>width</var> is the horizontal size of the page, and <var>height</var> is the
+vertical size. The dimensions supported are the same as for TeX;
+namely, in (inches), cm (centimeters), mm (millimeters), pt (points), sp
+(scaled points), bp (big points, the same as the default PostScript
+unit), pc (picas), dd (didot points), and cc (ciceros).
+</p>
+<span id="index-landscape_002c-as-_005cspecial"></span>
+<p>For a US letter size landscape document, the &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; would be:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{papersize=11in,8.5in}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>An alternate specification of <code>landscape</code>:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{landscape}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This is supported for backward compatibility, but it is hoped that
+reventually the &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; comment will dominate.
+</p>
+<p>Of course, such a <code>\special</code> only informs Dvips of the desired
+paper size; you must also adjust <code>\hsize</code> and <code>\vsize</code> in your
+TeX document typeset to those dimensions.
+</p>
+<span id="index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"></span>
+<p>When using the &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special, you generally should not also
+specify <code>-t</code> on the command line (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). The
+exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that isn&rsquo;t
+predefined; in this case, use <code>-t&nbsp;unknown</code>.
+</p>
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special must occur somewhere on the first page of
+the document. Some packages, notably &lsquo;<samp>hyperref</samp>&rsquo;, insert this special.
+</p>
+<p>By default, if a DVI file contains multiple &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; specials,
+the last one wins; this is also the behavior of the <code>dvipdfmx</code>
+driver. If the <code>-L0</code> command line option or <code>L0</code> config
+file command is specified, the first special wins&mdash;this was the
+behavior of Dvips prior to the 2017 release.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Config-file-paper-sizes"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Paper-trays" accesskey="n" rel="next">Paper trays</a>, Previous: <a href="#papersize-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a>, Up: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="u" rel="up">Paper size and landscape</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Configuration-file-paper-size-command"></span><h3 class="section">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</h3>
+
+<span id="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command"></span>
+<span id="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command"></span>
+
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo; command in a configuration file sets the paper size
+defaults and options. The first &lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo; command defines the default
+paper size. It has three possible parameters:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">@ <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var> <span class="roman">[</span><var>hsize</var> <var>vsize</var><span class="roman">]]</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If &lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo; is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it
+instructs Dvips to discard all previous paper size information (possibly
+from another configuration file).
+</p>
+<p>If three parameters are given, with the first parameter being a name and
+the second and third being a dimension (as in &lsquo;<samp>8.5in</samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp>3.2cc</samp>&rsquo;, just like in the &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special), then the
+option is interpreted as starting a new paper size description, where
+<var>name</var> is the name and <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> define the
+horizontal and vertical size of the sheet of paper, respectively. For
+example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">@ letterSize 8.5in 11in
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If both <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> are zero (you must still specify
+units!) then any page size will match. If the &lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo; character is
+immediately followed by a &lsquo;<samp>+</samp>&rsquo; sign, then the remainder of the line
+(after skipping any leading blanks) is treated as PostScript code to
+send to the printer, presumably to select that particular paper size:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">@ letter 8.5in 11in
+@+ %%BeginPaperSize: Letter
+@+ letter
+@+ %%EndPaperSize
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>After all that, if the first character of the line is an exclamation
+point, then the line is put in the initial comments section of the final
+output file; else, it is put in the setup section of the output file.
+For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">@ legal 8.5in 14in
+@+ ! %%DocumentPaperSizes: Legal
+@+ %%BeginPaperSize: Legal
+@+ legal
+@+ %%EndPaperSize
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>When Dvips has a paper format name given on the command line, it looks
+for a match by the <var>name</var>; when it has a &lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special,
+it looks for a match by dimensions. The best match found (from the
+paper size information in the configuration file) is used. The
+dimensions must match within 5bp.
+</p>
+<p>If nothing matches, a warning is printed and the first paper size with
+zero dimensions is used; this should be the <code>unknown</code> paper size
+definition mentioned below, resulting in the actual dimensions being
+used.
+</p>
+<p>Landscape mode for all paper sizes is automatically supported.
+</p>
+<p>If your printer has a command to set a special paper size, then give
+dimensions of &lsquo;<samp>0in 0in</samp>&rsquo;; the PostScript code that sets the paper
+size can refer to the dimensions the user requested as &lsquo;<samp>hsize</samp>&rsquo;
+and &lsquo;<samp>vsize</samp>&rsquo;; these will be macros defined in the PostScript that
+return the requested size in default PostScript units. Also, some
+printers want &lsquo;<samp>BeginPaperSize</samp>&rsquo; comments and paper size setting
+commands; others (such as the NeXT) want &lsquo;<samp>PaperSize</samp>&rsquo; comments and
+they will handle setting the paper size. So paper size entries should
+typically specify both.
+</p>
+<span id="index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt-1"></span>
+<p>When using a paper size that is not already defined in
+<samp>config.ps</samp>, you probably want to say &lsquo;<samp>-t&nbsp;unknown</samp>&rsquo; on
+the command line; the <code>unknown</code> paper size definition in
+<samp>config.ps</samp> has the requisite PostScript incantation to set the
+PostScript page size, as just described.
+</p>
+<span id="index-nopaper_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"></span>
+<p>If you want no paper size information in the output at all, use
+&lsquo;<samp>-t&nbsp;nopaper</samp>&rsquo;. This is useful with multi-page output that
+will be processed further. If you just have a single page document,
+you can use &lsquo;<samp>-E</samp>&rsquo; to get pure EPSF output.
+</p>
+<span id="index-mkdvipspapers"></span>
+<p>The Perl 5 script <samp>contrib/configs/mkdvipspapers</samp> in the
+distribution directory may help in determining appropriate paper size
+definitions.
+</p>
+<span id="index-config_002eps-paper-sizes"></span>
+<span id="index-letter-paper-size"></span>
+<span id="index-a4-paper-size"></span>
+<p>Notwithstanding the above, the default <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code>
+paper size definitions in <samp>config.ps</samp> execute the
+<code>setpagedevice</code> operator if it exists (it was defined in
+PostScript Level&nbsp;2), or the &lsquo;<samp>letter</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>a4</samp>&rsquo; operator
+if they exist (they are nonstandard and thus perhaps cause failures on
+certain (unknown) printers). Not executing any page size definition
+at all confuses PostScript conversion programs such as
+<code>ps2pdf</code>, so we want to execute one if we can.
+</p>
+<span id="index-letterSize-paper-size"></span>
+<span id="index-A4size-paper-size"></span>
+<p>The <code>letterSize</code> and <code>A4Size</code> paper size definitions are now
+synonyms for <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Paper-trays"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Config file paper sizes</a>, Up: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="u" rel="up">Paper size and landscape</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Paper-trays-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.3 Paper trays</h3>
+
+<span id="index-paper-trays"></span>
+<span id="index-dual-paper-trays"></span>
+<span id="index-multiple-paper-trays"></span>
+<span id="index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays"></span>
+
+<span id="index-bop_002dhook"></span>
+<p>Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper
+trays. You can set up Dvips to take advantage of this using the
+<code>bop-hook</code> PostScript variable (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-letterhead-tray"></span>
+<p>For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with letterhead
+paper; the usual tray has the usual paper. You have a document where
+you want the first page printed on letterhead, and the remaining pages
+on the usual paper. You can create a header file, say
+<samp>firstletterhead.PS</samp>, with the following (PostScript) code
+(<code>bop-hook</code> is passed the current physical page number, which
+starts at zero):
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">/bop-hook { dup 0 eq { <var>alternatetray</var> } { <var>normaltray</var> } ifelse } def
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <var>alternatetray</var> and <var>normaltray</var> are the appropriate
+commands to select the paper trays. On the 4SI, <var>alternatetray</var> is
+&lsquo;<samp>statusdict begin 1 setpapertray end</samp>&rsquo; and <var>normaltray</var> is
+&lsquo;<samp>statusdict begin 0 setpapertray end</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>Then, include the file with either
+</p><ul>
+<li> the &lsquo;<samp>-h</samp>&rsquo; command-line option (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>); or
+
+</li><li> the &lsquo;<samp>h</samp>&rsquo; config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>); or
+
+</li><li> &lsquo;<samp>\special{header=<var>file</var>}</samp>&rsquo; in your TeX document
+(see <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>).
+
+</li></ul>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Interaction-with-PostScript"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Paper size and landscape</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Interaction-with-PostScript-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">5 Interaction with PostScript</h2>
+
+<span id="index-interaction-with-PostScript"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-interaction"></span>
+
+<p>Dvips supports inclusion of PostScript figure files (e.g., Encapsulated
+PostScript), downloading other header files (e.g., fonts), including
+literal PostScript code, and hypertext.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="1">PostScript figures</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Including an Encapsulated PostScript figure.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="2">Header files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Downloading extra definitions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="3">Literal PS</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Writing literal PostScript code.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="4">Hypertext</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing HyperPostScript to make PDF.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="PostScript-figures"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Header files</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="PostScript-figures-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.1 PostScript figures</h3>
+
+<p>Scaling and including PostScript graphics is a breeze&mdash;if the PostScript
+file is correctly formed. Even if it is not, however, the file can usually
+be accommodated with just a little more work.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Bounding-box" accesskey="1">Bounding box</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The %%BoundingBox EPS comment.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="2">\includegraphics</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The LaTeX \includegraphics macro.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="3">EPSF macros</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Including the file in TeX.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#psfile-special" accesskey="4">psfile special</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The basic special.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics" accesskey="5">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Handling compressed or generated figures.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fonts-in-figures" accesskey="6">Fonts in figures</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The %*Font comment.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Bounding-box"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">\includegraphics</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="The-bounding-box-comment"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</h4>
+
+<span id="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for"></span>
+
+<p>The most important feature of a good PostScript file from the standpoint
+of including it in another document is an accurate bounding box comment.
+Every well-formed PostScript file has a comment describing where on the
+page the graphic is located, and how big that graphic is.
+</p>
+<span id="index-big-points"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-units"></span>
+<span id="index-bounding-box_002c-defined"></span>
+<p>This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners of
+the box just enclosing the graphic, and is thus referred to as the
+<em>bounding box</em>. These coordinates are given in the default
+PostScript units (there are precisely 72 PostScript units to the inch,
+like TeX big points) with respect to the lower left corner of the
+sheet of paper.
+</p>
+<span id="index-_0025_0025BoundingBox"></span>
+<p>To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at the
+first few lines of the file. PostScript files are standard ASCII, so
+you can use any text editor to do this. If within the first few dozen
+lines there is a line like
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">%%BoundingBox: 25 50 400 300
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(with any reasonable numbers), chances are very good that the file is
+Encapsulated PostScript and will work easily with Dvips. If the file
+contains instead a line like
+</p>
+<span id="index-atend_002c-bounding-box-specification"></span>
+<span id="index-_0028atend_0029_002c-bounding-box-specification"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">%%BoundingBox: (atend)
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>the file is still probably Encapsulated PostScript, but the bounding box
+is given at the end of the file. Dvips needs it at the beginning. You
+can move it with that same text editor, or a simple script. (The
+bounding box is given in this way when the program that generated the
+PostScript couldn&rsquo;t know the size in advance, or was too lazy to compute
+it.)
+</p>
+<span id="index-bbfig"></span>
+<span id="index-bounding-box_002c-determining"></span>
+<p>If the document lacks a &lsquo;<samp>%%BoundingBox:</samp>&rsquo; altogether, you can
+determine one in a couple of ways. One is to use the &lsquo;<samp>bbfig</samp>&rsquo;
+program distributed with Dvips in the <samp>contrib</samp> directory. This can
+usually find the correct bounding box automatically; it works best with
+Ghostscript.
+</p>
+<span id="index-612-792-bounding-box-size"></span>
+<p>If the comment looks like this:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>the graphic claims to take up an entire sheet of paper. This is
+usually a symptom of a bug in the program that generated it.
+</p>
+<p>The other is to do it yourself: print the file. Now, take a ruler, and
+make the following measurements (in PostScript units, so measure in
+inches and multiply by 72): From the left edge of the paper to the
+leftmost mark on the paper is <var>llx</var>, the first number. From the
+bottom edge of the paper to the bottommost mark on the paper is
+<var>lly</var>, the second number. From the left edge of the paper to the
+rightmost mark on the paper is <var>urx</var>, the third number. The fourth
+and final number, <var>ury</var>, is the distance from the bottom of the page
+to the uppermost mark on the paper.
+</p>
+<p>Once you have the numbers, add a comment of the following form as the
+second line of the document. (The first line should already be a line
+starting with the two characters &lsquo;<samp>%!</samp>&rsquo;; if it is not, the file
+probably isn&rsquo;t PostScript.)
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">%%BoundingBox: <var>llx</var> <var>lly</var> <var>urx</var> <var>ury</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Or, if you don&rsquo;t want to modify the file, you can simply write these
+numbers down in a convenient place and give them in your TeX document
+when you import the graphic, as described in the next section.
+</p>
+<p>If the document does not have such a bounding box, or if the bounding
+box is given at the end of the document, or the bounding box is wrong,
+please complain to the authors of the software package that generated
+the file.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="g_t_005cincludegraphics"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="n" rel="next">EPSF macros</a>, Previous: <a href="#Bounding-box" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bounding box</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="The-_005cincludegraphics-macro-for-LaTeX"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</h4>
+
+<span id="index-_005cincludegraphics-LaTeX-macro"></span>
+<span id="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion"></span>
+
+<p>Once the figure file has a bounding box comment (see the previous
+section) you are ready to import the graphic into a LaTeX
+document. For LaTeX 2e, you can use the epsf, graphics or graphicx
+packages, but the last is recommended&mdash;it has the most flexible
+syntax, and is briefly described here. Further information can be
+found in <samp>grfguide</samp> or <samp>epslatex</samp>, which should be included
+in your LaTeX distribution in DVI, PDF, or other formats. (If you
+are still using LaTeX 2.09, use epsf.sty).
+</p>
+<p>Just put the following command into your preamble:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Depending on your system, a suitable driver setup may already be
+present, so that LaTeX automatically produces DVI files suitable for
+Dvips. In this case you can leave out the &lsquo;<samp>[dvips]</samp>&rsquo; parameter.
+</p>
+<p>Now, at the point you want to include a file <samp>foo.eps</samp>, enter a
+line such as:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\includegraphics{foo.eps}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>However, it is usually best to omit the file extension and only use
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\includegraphics{foo}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>because then you can process the same LaTeX file with
+different TeX engines or DVI converters if you also provide
+suitable graphics files for them, e.g., <samp>foo.pdf</samp> or
+<samp>foo.png</samp>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX"></span>
+<p>The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in
+&lsquo;<samp>key=value</samp>&rsquo; syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the
+included graphic&mdash;see <samp>grfguide</samp> or <samp>epslatex</samp>. If your
+file does not have a bounding box comment, you can supply the numbers
+as determined in the previous section, in the same order they would
+have been in a normal bounding box comment:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\includegraphics[bb=100 100 500 500]{foo.ps}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Now, save your changes and run LaTeX and Dvips; the output should
+have your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated,
+occupying the proper amount of space.
+</p>
+<p>PostScript graphics have their origin in the lower left
+corner. Therefore, in TeX, a graphic will occupy a box that extends
+far above the line where it is put in, but has depth zero below it.
+Combining &lsquo;<samp>\includegraphics</samp>&rsquo; with &lsquo;<samp>\parbox</samp>&rsquo; commands or
+minipages can sometimes be confusing when this is not taken into
+account.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="EPSF-macros"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#psfile-special" accesskey="n" rel="next">psfile special</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\includegraphics</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Using-the-EPSF-macros"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</h4>
+
+<span id="index-EPSF-macros"></span>
+<span id="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-1"></span>
+
+<p>If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the &lsquo;<samp>graphics</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>graphicx</samp>&rsquo;
+package. See <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>.
+</p>
+<p>If you are using plain TeX or LaTeX 2.09, you need <samp>epsf.tex</samp>
+(for plain TeX) and <samp>epsf.sty</samp> (for LaTeX). For plain
+TeX, add a line like this near the top of your input file:
+</p>
+<span id="index-epsf_002etex"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\input epsf
+</pre></div>
+
+<p><span id="index-epsf_002esty"></span>
+If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the &lsquo;<samp>epsf</samp>&rsquo; style option, as in:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\documentstyle[12pt,epsf]{article}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In any case, the above only needs to be done once, no matter how many
+figures you plan to include.
+</p>
+<p>Now, at the point you want to include a file, enter a line such as:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\epsffile{foo.eps}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-_005cleavevmode"></span>
+<span id="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX-1"></span>
+<p>If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add <code>\leavevmode</code>
+immediately before the <code>\epsffile</code> command to get certain
+environments to work correctly. If your file does not have a bounding
+box comment, you can supply the numbers as determined in the previous
+section, in the same order they would have been in a normal bounding box
+comment:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\epsffile[100 100 500 500]{foo.ps}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Now, save your changes and run TeX and Dvips; the output should have
+your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, occupying
+the proper amount of space.
+</p>
+<span id="index-_005cepsffile-macro"></span>
+<span id="index-figures_002c-natural-size"></span>
+<p>The <code>\epsffile</code> macro typesets the figure as a TeX <code>\vbox</code>
+at the point of the page that the command is executed. By default, the
+graphic will have its &lsquo;natural&rsquo; width (namely, the width of its bounding
+box). The TeX box will have depth zero and its natural height. By
+default, the graphic will be scaled by any DVI magnification in effect,
+just as is everything else in your document. See the next section for
+more information on scaling.
+</p>
+<span id="index-_005cepsfverbosetrue"></span>
+<span id="index-verbose-EPSF-processing"></span>
+<p>If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your
+terminal when it processes each figure, give the command:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\epsfverbosetrue
+</pre></div>
+
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#EPSF-scaling" accesskey="1">EPSF scaling</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#EPSF-clipping" accesskey="2">EPSF clipping</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="EPSF-scaling"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#EPSF-clipping" accesskey="n" rel="next">EPSF clipping</a>, Up: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="u" rel="up">EPSF macros</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="EPSF-scaling-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</h4>
+
+<span id="index-scaling-of-figures"></span>
+<span id="index-figures_002c-scaling"></span>
+
+<p>Usually, you will want to scale an EPSF figure to some size appropriate
+for your document, since its natural size is determined by the creator
+of the EPS file.
+</p>
+<p>The best way to do this is to assign the desired size to the TeX
+<code>\epsfxsize</code> or <code>\epsfysize</code> variables, whichever is more
+convenient for you. That is, put
+</p>
+<span id="index-_005cepsfxsize"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\epsfxsize=<var>dimen</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>right before the call to <code>\epsffile</code>. Then the width of the TeX
+box will be <var>dimen</var> and its height will be scaled proportionately.
+Similarly, you can set the vertical size with
+</p>
+<span id="index-_005cepsfysize"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\epsfysize=<var>dimen</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>in which case the height will be set and the width scaled
+proportionally.
+</p>
+<p>If you set both, both will be honored, but the aspect ratio of the
+included graphic may necessarily be distorted, i.e., its contents
+stretched in one direction or the other.
+</p>
+<span id="index-_005cepsfsize"></span>
+<p>You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the
+<code>\epsfsize</code> macro. <code>\epsffile</code> calls this with two
+parameters: the natural horizontal and vertical sizes of the PostScript
+graphic. <code>\epsfsize</code> must expand to the desired horizontal size,
+that is, the width of the <code>\vbox</code>. Schematically:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\epsfsize#1#2{<var>body</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Some useful definitions of <var>body</var>:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>\epsfxsize</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>This definition (the default) enables the default features listed above,
+by setting <code>\epsfxsize</code> to the same value it had before the macro
+was called.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>#1</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the original
+width).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>0pt</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>A special case, equivalent to &lsquo;<samp>#1</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>0.5#1</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Scale to half the natural size.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>\hsize</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Scale to the current <code>\hsize</code>. (In LaTeX, use <code>\textwidth</code>
+instead of <code>\hsize</code>.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>\ifnum#1&gt;\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>If the natural width is greater than the current <code>\hsize</code>, scale to
+<code>\hsize</code>, otherwise use the natural width.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span id="index-DVI-magnification"></span>
+<span id="index-magnification_002c-DVI"></span>
+<span id="index-_005cmagnification"></span>
+<p>For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to turn
+off the default scaling of included figures by the DVI magnification
+with the following TeX command:
+</p>
+<span id="index-_002fmagscale"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{! /magscale false def}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Use of this command is not recommended because it will make the
+<code>\epsffile</code> graphics the &ldquo;wrong&rdquo; size if global magnification is
+being used, and it will cause any PostScript graphics to appear
+improperly scaled and out of position if a DVI to DVI program is used to
+scale or otherwise modify the document.
+</p>
+<span id="index-bop_002dhook-1"></span>
+<p>DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in
+&lsquo;<samp>bop-hook</samp>&rsquo; or its ilk (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>),
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="EPSF-clipping"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#EPSF-scaling" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EPSF scaling</a>, Up: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="u" rel="up">EPSF macros</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="EPSF-clipping-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</h4>
+
+<span id="index-clipping-of-EPSF"></span>
+<span id="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate"></span>
+<span id="index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off"></span>
+<span id="index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width"></span>
+
+<p>By default, clipping is disabled for included EPSF images. This is
+because clipping to the bounding box dimensions often cuts off a
+small portion of the figure, due to slightly inaccurate bounding
+box arguments. The problem might be subtle; lines around the boundary
+of the image might be half their intended width, or the tops or
+bottoms of some text annotations might be sliced off. If you want to
+turn clipping on, just use the command
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\epsfclipon
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>and to turn clipping back off, use
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\epsfclipoff
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="psfile-special"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#EPSF-macros" accesskey="p" rel="prev">EPSF macros</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="psfile-special-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.1.4 &lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special</h4>
+
+<span id="index-psfile-special"></span>
+
+<p>The basic special for file inclusion is as follows:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{psfile=<var>filename</var>.ps <span class="roman">[</span><var>key</var>=<var>value</var><span class="roman">]</span> &hellip; }
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This downloads the PostScript file <samp><var>filename</var>.ps</samp> such that
+the current point will be the origin of the PostScript coordinate
+system. The optional <var>key</var><tt>=</tt><var>value</var> assignments allow you to
+specify transformations on the PostScript.
+</p>
+<p>The possible <var>key</var>s are:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>hoffset</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>The horizontal offset (default 0).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>voffset</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>The vertical offset (default 0).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>hsize</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>The horizontal clipping size (default 612).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>vsize</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>The vertical clipping size (default 792).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>hscale</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>vscale</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>angle</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>The rotation, in degrees (default 0).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>clip</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>llx, lly, urx, ury</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-lly-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-urx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-ury-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>Bounding box of the included image, just as in a <code>%%BoundingBox</code>
+comment. Values are in big points, and may be fractional.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>rhi, rwi</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-rwi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"></span>
+<p>Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in
+tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional.
+</p>
+<p>If both <code>rwi</code> and <code>rhi</code> are nonzero, the picture is scaled,
+possibly losing aspect ratio. If only one of <code>rwi</code> and
+<code>rhi</code> is nonzero, the picture is scaled, preserving aspect ratio.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The offsets and sizes are given in PostScript units (big points).
+Thus, for example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will shift the graphics produced by file <samp>foo.ps</samp> right by one inch
+and will draw it at 0.9 times normal size. Offsets are given relative
+to the point of the special command, and are unaffected by scaling or
+rotation. Rotation is counterclockwise about the origin. The order of
+operations is to rotate the figure, scale it, then offset it.
+</p>
+<p>For compatibility with older PostScript drivers, it is possible to change
+the units that &lsquo;<samp>hscale</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>vscale</samp>&rsquo; are given in. This can be
+done by redefining &lsquo;<samp>@scaleunit</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-scaleunit"></span>
+in &lsquo;<samp>SDict</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-SDict"></span>
+by a TeX command such as
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{! /@scaleunit 1 def}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>@scaleunit</samp>&rsquo; variable, which is by default 100, is what
+&lsquo;<samp>hscale</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>vscale</samp>&rsquo; are divided by to yield an absolute
+scale factor.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Dynamic-creation-of-graphics"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fonts in figures</a>, Previous: <a href="#psfile-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">psfile special</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Dynamic-creation-of-PostScript-graphics-files"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</h4>
+
+<span id="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics"></span>
+<span id="index-compressed-PostScript"></span>
+<span id="index-uncompressing-PostScript"></span>
+
+<p>PostScript is an excellent page description language&mdash;but it does tend
+to be rather verbose. Compressing PostScript graphics files can reduce
+them by factor of five or more. For this reason, if the name of an
+included PostScript file ends with <samp>.Z</samp> or <samp>.gz</samp>, Dvips
+automatically runs &lsquo;<samp>gzip -d</samp>&rsquo;. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\epsffile[72 72 540 720]{foo.ps.gz}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Since the results of such a command are not accessible to TeX, if you
+use this facility with the <samp>epsf</samp> macros, you need to supply the
+bounding box parameter yourself, as shown.
+</p>
+<p>More generally, if the filename parameter to one of the graphics
+inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (&lsquo;<samp>`</samp>&rsquo;), the parameter
+is instead interpreted as a command to execute that will send the actual
+file to standard output. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{psfile=&quot;`gnuplot foo&quot;}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p><span id="index-gnuplot"></span>
+to include the file <samp>foo</samp>. Of course, the command to be executed
+can be anything, including using a file conversion utility such as
+<samp>tek2ps</samp> or whatever is appropriate. This feature can be disabled
+with the &lsquo;<samp>-R</samp>&rsquo; command-line option or &lsquo;<samp>R</samp>&rsquo; configuration option.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Fonts-in-figures"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript figures</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Fonts-in-figures-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</h4>
+
+<span id="index-figures-and-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures"></span>
+<span id="index-_0025_002aFont"></span>
+
+<p>You can use any font available to TeX and Dvips within a graphics
+file by putting a <code>%*Font:</code> line in the leading commentary of the
+file. Schematically, this looks like:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">%*Font: <var>tfmname</var> <var>scaledbp</var> <var>designbp</var> <var>hex-start</var>:<var>hex-bitstring</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Here is the meaning of each of these elements:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><var>tfmname</var></dt>
+<dd><p>The TeX TFM filename, e.g., <samp>cmr10</samp>. You can give the same
+<var>tfmname</var> on more than one &lsquo;<samp>%*Font</samp>&rsquo; line; this is useful when
+the number of characters from the font used needs a longer
+<var>hex-bitstring</var> (see item below) than conveniently fits on one line.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><var>scaledbp</var></dt>
+<dd><p>The size at which you are using the font, in PostScript points (TeX
+big points). 72bp = 72.27pt = 1in.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><var>designbp</var></dt>
+<dd><p>The designsize of the font, again in PostScript points. This should
+match the value in the TFM file <var>tfmname</var>. Thus, for <samp>cmr10</samp>,
+it should be &lsquo;<samp>9.96265</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><var>hex-start</var></dt>
+<dd><p>The character code of the first character used from the font, specified
+as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., &lsquo;<samp>4b</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>4B</samp>&rsquo; for
+&lsquo;<samp>K</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><var>hex-bitstring</var></dt>
+<dd><p>An arbitrary number of ASCII hexadecimal digits specifying which
+characters following (and including) <var>hex-start</var> are used. This is
+treated as a bitmap. For example, if your figure used the single letter
+&lsquo;<samp>K</samp>&rsquo;, you would use &lsquo;<samp>4b:8</samp>&rsquo; for <var>hex-start</var> and
+<var>hex-bitstring</var>. If it used &lsquo;<samp>KLMNP</samp>&rsquo;, you would use
+&lsquo;<samp>4b:f4</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>MetaPost&rsquo;s output figures contain lines like this for bitmap fonts used
+in a MetaPost label (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#MetaPost">MetaPost</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Header-files"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="n" rel="next">Literal PS</a>, Previous: <a href="#PostScript-figures" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript figures</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="PostScript-header-files"></span><h3 class="section">5.2 PostScript header files</h3>
+
+<span id="index-header-files_002c-defined"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-header-files"></span>
+
+<p><em>Header files</em> are bits of PostScript included in the output file;
+generally they provide support for special features, rather than
+producing any printed output themselves. You can explicitly request
+downloading header files if necessary for some figure, or to achieve
+some special effect.
+</p>
+<span id="index-psheaderdir"></span>
+<span id="index-_002epro-prologue-files"></span>
+<span id="index-_002elpro-long-prologue-files"></span>
+<p>Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement features
+such as PostScript font reencoding, bitmap font downloading, handling of
+<code>\special</code>&rsquo;s, and so on. These standard headers are the
+<samp>.pro</samp> files (for &ldquo;prologue&rdquo;) in the installation directory
+&lsquo;<samp>$(psheaderdir)</samp>&rsquo;; they are created from the <samp>.lpro</samp> (&ldquo;long
+prologue&rdquo;) files in the distribution by stripping
+comments, squeezing blank lines, etc., for maximum efficiency. If you
+want to peruse one of the standard header files, read the <samp>.lpro</samp>
+version.
+</p>
+<span id="index-userdict_002c-and-dictionary-files"></span>
+<span id="index-dictionary_002c-userdict"></span>
+<p>The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the &lsquo;<samp>userdict</samp>&rsquo; level
+when header files are included.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX" accesskey="1">Including headers from TeX</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line" accesskey="2">Including headers from the command line</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage" accesskey="3">Headers and memory usage</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Including-headers-from-TeX"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line" accesskey="n" rel="next">Including headers from the command line</a>, Up: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Header files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Including-headers-from-TeX-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</h4>
+
+<span id="index-including-headers-in-TeX"></span>
+<span id="index-header_003dfile-_005cspecial"></span>
+<span id="index-TeX_002c-including-headers-in"></span>
+
+<span id="index-headers_002c-including-in-TeX"></span>
+<p>In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or
+header file might need to be sent first. The Dvips program provides
+support for this with the &lsquo;<samp>header</samp>&rsquo; <code>\special</code>. For instance,
+to ensure that <samp>foo.ps</samp> gets downloaded:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{header=foo.ps}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-as-header-files"></span>
+<p>As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a
+PostScript font not built into your printer, you must download it to the
+printer. If the font isn&rsquo;t used elsewhere in the document, Dvips can&rsquo;t
+know you&rsquo;ve used it, so you must include it in the same way, as in:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{header=putr.pfa}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>to include the font definition file for Adobe Utopia Roman.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>header</code> also special allows for specifying some additional
+code that should be inserted into the PostScript document before and after
+the file itself, as follows:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{header={foo.ps} pre={pre code} post={post code}}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-before-header_002c-inserting-code"></span>
+<span id="index-after-header_002c-inserting-code"></span>
+<span id="index-pre-code-before-headers"></span>
+<span id="index-post-code-after-headers"></span>
+<p>This will insert <code>pre code</code> just before <samp>foo.ps</samp> and
+<code>post code</code> just after. It is required to use the (balanced)
+braces in <em>all</em> of the arguments, including the <code>header</code>,
+when using this extended syntax.
+</p>
+<p>This allows, for instance, dynamic headers, where some of the content
+depends on settings from the user in (La)TeX. Another application
+is the inclusion of graphics inside the PostScript header, so that
+they can be reused throughout the document, as with logs. That avoids
+including the same graphic several times. This is implemented in the
+<samp>graphics/graphicx-psmin</samp> package.
+</p>
+<p>This extended syntax has one additional feature. When Dvips finds the
+extended syntax, it will also look in the installed <samp>tex/</samp>
+tree(s) for the header file (<samp>foo.ps</samp> in our example), and not
+only in the current directory and dvips tree as the original syntax
+does. This is because common graphics may well come with packages
+which are installed in the <samp>tex/</samp> tree.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Including-headers-from-the-command-line"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Headers and memory usage</a>, Previous: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Including headers from TeX</a>, Up: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Header files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Including-headers-from-the-command-line-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</h4>
+
+<span id="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line"></span>
+<span id="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from"></span>
+<span id="index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line"></span>
+
+<p>You can include headers when you run Dvips, as well as from your
+document (see the previous section). To do this, run Dvips with the
+option &lsquo;<samp>-P <var>header</var></samp>&rsquo;; this will read the file
+<samp>config.<var>header</var></samp>, which in turn can specify a header file to
+be downloaded with the &lsquo;<samp>h</samp>&rsquo; option. See <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>. These files are called <samp><var>header</var>.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS.
+</p>
+<span id="index-duplex-printers"></span>
+<span id="index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers"></span>
+<span id="index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting"></span>
+<p>You can arrange for the same file to serve as a &lsquo;<samp>-P</samp>&rsquo; config file
+and the downloadable header file, by starting the lines of PostScript
+code with a space, leaving only the &lsquo;<samp>h</samp>&rsquo; line and any comments
+starting in the first column. As an example, see
+<samp>contrib/volker/config.*</samp> (<samp>contrib/volker/*.cfg</samp> on MS-DOS).
+(These files also perform useful functions: controlling duplex/simplex
+mode on duplex printers, and setting various screen frequencies;
+<samp>contrib/volker/README</samp> explains further.)
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Headers-and-memory-usage"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Including headers from the command line</a>, Up: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Header files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Headers-and-memory-usage-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</h4>
+
+<span id="index-headers-and-memory-usage"></span>
+<span id="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers"></span>
+
+<span id="index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory"></span>
+<span id="index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of"></span>
+<p>Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer&rsquo;s memory by splitting the
+output files into &ldquo;sections&rdquo; (see the &lsquo;<samp>-i</samp>&rsquo; option in <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>). Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM
+budget by some value. If the header file has, in its leading
+commentary a line of the form
+</p>
+<span id="index-VMusage"></span>
+<span id="index-_0025_0025VMusage"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">%%VMusage: <var>min</var> <var>max</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>then <var>max</var> is used. If there is no <code>%%VMusage</code> line, then
+the size (in bytes) of the header file is used as an approximation.
+If you want a file to be ignored in the sectioning calculations, use
+&lsquo;<samp>%%VMusage: 0 0</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>Illustrations (figure files) are also checked for <code>%%VMusage</code> line.
+</p>
+<p>Therefore, if your document uses very large fonts or very large
+included figures, Dvips might take it upon itself to split the output
+into unwanted sections. If this causes problems, the simplest
+solution is to use &lsquo;<samp>dvips -Pmaxmem</samp>&rsquo;, which reads the Dvips file
+<samp>config.maxmem</samp>, which sets Dvips&rsquo;s idea of the memory available
+to a very large number. (See the &lsquo;<samp>m</samp>&rsquo; item in <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>.)
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Literal-PS"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hypertext</a>, Previous: <a href="#Header-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Header files</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Literal-PostScript"></span><h3 class="section">5.3 Literal PostScript</h3>
+
+<span id="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal"></span>
+
+<p>You can include literal PostScript code in your document in several ways.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_0022-special" accesskey="1">&quot; special</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">To include inline PostScript code.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#ps-special" accesskey="2">ps special</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Inline PostScript without save/restore.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Literal-headers" accesskey="3">Literal headers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Literal PostScript for the whole document.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PostScript-hooks" accesskey="4">PostScript hooks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying code to run in the PS interpreter.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Literal-examples" accesskey="5">Literal examples</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Neat example.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="g_t_0022-special"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#ps-special" accesskey="n" rel="next">ps special</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_0022-special_003a-Literal-PostScript"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.1 <code>&quot;</code> special: Literal PostScript</h4>
+
+<span id="index-_0022-special-_0028literal-PostScript_0029"></span>
+
+<p>For simple graphics, or just for experimentation, literal PostScript
+code can be included. Simply use a <code>\special</code> beginning with a
+double quote character &lsquo;<samp>&quot;</samp>&rsquo;; there is no matching closing &lsquo;<samp>&quot;</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>For instance, the following (simple) graphic:
+</p>
+
+<p>was created by typing:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\vbox to 100bp{\vss % a bp is the same as a PostScript unit
+ \special{&quot; newpath 0 0 moveto 100 100 lineto 394 0 lineto
+ closepath gsave 0.8 setgray fill grestore stroke}}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>You are responsible for leaving space for such literal graphics, as with
+the <code>\vbox</code> above.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="ps-special"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Literal-headers" accesskey="n" rel="next">Literal headers</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_0022-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">&quot; special</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="ps-special-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 &lsquo;<samp>ps</samp>&rsquo; special</h4>
+
+<span id="index-ps-special"></span>
+
+<span id="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials"></span>
+<p>Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair,
+guaranteeing that the special will have no effect on the rest of the
+document. The &lsquo;<samp>ps</samp>&rsquo; special, however, allows you to insert literal
+PostScript instructions without this protective shield; you should
+understand what you&rsquo;re doing (and you shouldn&rsquo;t change the PostScript
+graphics state unless you are willing to take the consequences). This
+command can take many forms because it has had a torturous history; any
+of the following will work:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{ps:<var>text</var>}
+\special{ps::<var>text</var>}
+\special{ps::[begin]<var>text</var>}
+\special{ps::[end]<var>text</var>}
+\special{ps::[nobreak]<var>text</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(with longer forms taking precedence over shorter forms, when they are
+present). &lsquo;<samp>ps::</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>ps::[end]</samp>&rsquo; do no positioning, so they
+can be used to continue PostScript literals started with &lsquo;<samp>ps:</samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp>ps::[begin]</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>Literal PostScript instructions after &lsquo;<samp>ps::[nobreak]</samp>&rsquo; are
+<em>not</em> broken into lines. This feature may be used to include
+PostScript comments, for example.
+</p>
+<span id="index-plotfile_002c-ps-subspecial"></span>
+<p>In addition, the variant
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{ps: plotfile <var>filename</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p><span id="index-rotate_002etex"></span>
+inserts the contents of <var>filename</var> verbatim into the output (except
+for omitting lines that begin with %). An example of the proper use of
+literal specials can be found in the file <samp>rotate.tex</samp>, which makes
+it easy to typeset text turned in multiples of 90 degrees.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Literal-headers"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#PostScript-hooks" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript hooks</a>, Previous: <a href="#ps-special" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ps special</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Literal-headers_003a-_0021-_005cspecial"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo; <code>\special</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-literal-headers"></span>
+<span id="index-SDict-dictionary"></span>
+
+<span id="index-_0021-special-_0028literal-PS-header_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-dictionary_002c-SDict"></span>
+<p>You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document,
+for use with (for example) literal graphics code that you include later.
+The text of a <code>\special</code> beginning with an &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo; is copied into
+the output file. A dictionary <code>SDict</code> will be current when this
+code is executed; Dvips arranges for <code>SDict</code> to be first on the
+dictionary stack when any PostScript graphic is included, whether
+literally (the &lsquo;<samp>&quot;</samp>&rsquo; special) or through macros (e.g.,
+<samp>epsf.tex</samp>).
+</p>
+<p>For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{! /reset { 0 0 moveto} def}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="PostScript-hooks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Literal-examples" accesskey="n" rel="next">Literal examples</a>, Previous: <a href="#Literal-headers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Literal headers</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="PostScript-hooks-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</h4>
+
+<span id="index-PostScript-hooks"></span>
+
+<p>Besides including literal PostScript at a particular place in your
+document (as described in the previous section), you can also arrange to
+execute arbitrary PostScript code at particular times while the
+PostScript is printing.
+</p>
+<span id="index-bop_002dhook-2"></span>
+<span id="index-eop_002dhook"></span>
+<span id="index-start_002dhook"></span>
+<span id="index-end_002dhook"></span>
+<p>If any of the PostScript names <code>bop-hook</code>, <code>eop-hook</code>,
+<code>start-hook</code>, or <code>end-hook</code> are defined in <code>userdict</code>,
+they will be executed at the beginning of a page, end of a page, start
+of the document, and end of a document, respectively.
+</p>
+<span id="index-draft-copies"></span>
+<span id="index-dated-output"></span>
+<p>When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate system
+and origin is in effect. Such macros can be defined in headers added by
+the &lsquo;<samp>-h</samp>&rsquo; option or the &lsquo;<samp>header=</samp>&rsquo; special, and might be useful
+for writing, for instance, &lsquo;DRAFT&rsquo; across the entire page, or, with the
+aid of a shell script, dating the document. These macros are executed
+outside of the save/restore context of the individual pages, so it is
+possible for them to accumulate information, but if a document must be
+divided into sections because of memory constraints, such added
+information will be lost across section breaks.
+</p>
+<span id="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-bop_002dhook"></span>
+<p>The single argument to <code>bop-hook</code> is the physical page number; the
+first page gets zero, the second one, etc. <code>bop-hook</code> must leave
+this number on the stack. None of the other hooks are passed arguments.
+</p>
+<p>As an example of what can be done, the following special will write
+a light grey &lsquo;DRAFT&rsquo; across each page in the document:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{!userdict begin /bop-hook{gsave 200 30 translate
+65 rotate /Times-Roman findfont 216 scalefont setfont
+0 0 moveto 0.7 setgray (DRAFT) show grestore}def end}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-_0025_0025Page_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information"></span>
+<p>Using <code>bop-hook</code> or <code>eop-hook</code> to preserve information across
+pages breaks compliance with the Adobe document structuring conventions,
+so if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the &lsquo;<samp>-N</samp>&rsquo;
+option to turn off structured comments (such as &lsquo;<samp>%%Page</samp>&rsquo;).
+Otherwise, programs that read your file will assume its pages are
+independent.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Literal-examples"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#PostScript-hooks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript hooks</a>, Up: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="u" rel="up">Literal PS</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Literal-examples-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.5 Literal examples</h4>
+
+<span id="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples"></span>
+<span id="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript"></span>
+
+<p>To finish off this section, the following examples of literal PostScript
+are presented without explanation:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\rotninety{\special{ps:currentpoint currentpoint translate 90
+rotate neg exch neg exch translate}}\font\huge=cmbx10 at 14.4truept
+\setbox0=\hbox to0pt{\huge A\hss}\vskip16truept\centerline{\copy0
+\special{ps:gsave}\rotninety\copy0\rotninety\copy0\rotninety
+\box0\special{ps:grestore}}\vskip16truept
+</pre></div>
+
+
+
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\vbox to 2truein{\special{ps:gsave 0.3 setgray}\hrule height 2in
+width\hsize\vskip-2in\special{ps:grestore}\font\big=cminch\big
+\vss\special{ps:gsave 1 setgray}\vbox to 0pt{\vskip2pt
+\line{\hss\hskip4pt NEAT\hss}\vss}\special{ps:0 setgray}%
+\hbox{\raise2pt\line{\hss NEAT\hss}\special{ps:grestore}}\vss}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<span id="index-_005crotninety"></span>
+<span id="index-gsave_002fgrestore_002c-and-literal-PS"></span>
+<span id="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-literal-PS"></span>
+<p>Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each <code>gsave</code> is
+matched with a <code>grestore</code> on the same page. Do not use <code>save</code>
+and <code>restore</code>; they can interact with the PostScript generated by
+Dvips if care is not taken. Try to understand what the above macros are
+doing before writing your own. The <code>\rotninety</code> macro especially
+has a useful trick that appears again and again.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hypertext"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Literal-PS" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Literal PS</a>, Up: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="u" rel="up">Interaction with PostScript</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="HyperTeXt"></span><h3 class="section">5.4 HyperTeXt</h3>
+
+<span id="index-hypertext-support"></span>
+
+<span id="index-_002dz"></span>
+<span id="index-html-specials"></span>
+<span id="index-pdfmark"></span>
+<p>Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents. If you
+specify the &lsquo;<samp>-z</samp>&rsquo; option, the <samp>html:</samp> specials described below
+will be converted into &lsquo;<samp>pdfmark</samp>&rsquo; PostScript operators to specify
+links. Without &lsquo;<samp>-z</samp>&rsquo;, <samp>html:</samp> specials are ignored.
+</p>
+<span id="index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files"></span>
+<span id="index-PDF-files_002c-making-1"></span>
+<p>The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller program to
+make a PDF file. (It can still be handled by ordinary PostScript
+interpreters as well.) Various versions of both PC and Unix distillers
+are supported; Ghostscript includes limited distiller support
+(see <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>).
+</p>
+<p>Macros you can use in your TeX document to insert the specials in the
+first place are available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var>/support/hypertex</samp>. For
+CTAN info, see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-http_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi"></span>
+<span id="index-http_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-Doyle_002c-Mark"></span>
+<span id="index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy"></span>
+<span id="index-Java-DVI-reader"></span>
+<span id="index-idvi-Java-DVI-reader"></span>
+<span id="index-dvihps_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript"></span>
+<p>This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was
+written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the &lsquo;<samp>dvihps</samp>&rsquo;
+program. You can retrieve their software and additional documentation
+via the CTAN reference above.
+</p>
+
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hypertext-caveats" accesskey="1">Hypertext caveats</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Font quality, missing character psi.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hypertext-specials" accesskey="2">Hypertext specials</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">The details on the specials.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hypertext-caveats"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Hypertext-specials" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hypertext specials</a>, Up: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hypertext</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hypertext-caveats-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</h4>
+
+<span id="index-hypertext-caveats"></span>
+
+<span id="index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript"></span>
+<span id="index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-hypertext-caveats-1"></span>
+<span id="index-embedding-Type-1-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality"></span>
+<p>If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard
+35 PostScript fonts exclusively, since other fonts are embedded as
+bitmaps by default. The Adobe PDF readers are extremely slow when
+dealing with bitmap fonts and the results look terrible on the screen.
+Printouts will probably look fine, but may not take full advantage of a
+high-resolution printer. Alternatively, you can have your fonts
+embedded as Type 1 scalable outlines. The resulting PostScript files
+may be larger, but can be effectively rasterized at any resolution.
+They can also be converted to PDF files that can be used effectively at
+any screen or printer resolution.
+</p>
+<p>To get the TeX fonts embedded in the PostScript file as Type 1 fonts,
+add &lsquo;<samp>-Ppdf</samp>&rsquo; to the dvips command line switches. The printout
+for a run should look something like this:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example"> dvips report -Ppdf -o report.ps
+ This is dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+ ' TeX output 2001.06.15:0837' -&gt; report.ps
+ &lt;tex.pro&gt;&lt;alt-rule.pro&gt;&lt;texc.pro&gt;&lt;texps.pro&gt;&lt;special.pro&gt;.
+ &lt;cmbx9.pfb&gt;&lt;cmsy6.pfb&gt;&lt;cmsy7.pfb&gt;&lt;cmr5.pfb&gt;&lt;cmex10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmr9.pfb&gt;
+ &lt;cmmi7.pfb&gt;&lt;cmsy10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmmib10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmmi10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmti10.pfb&gt;
+ &lt;cmr7.pfb&gt;&lt;cmbx10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmr10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmti9.pfb&gt;&lt;cmr12.pfb&gt;&lt;cmbx12.pfb&gt;
+ [1] [2&lt;mean1.ps&gt;] [3&lt;bounce1-00.ps&gt;] [4]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>An entry like &quot;&lt;cmr10.pfb&gt;&quot; indicates success: dvips found the Computer
+Modern Roman 10 point font in a PostScript Font Binary file, translated
+it to an ASCII encoding, and embedded it. You can confirm this by
+examining the PostScript output file, looking for the section starting
+<code>%%BeginFont: CMR10</code> followed by an entry <code>/FontType 1 def</code>.
+</p>
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>-Ppdf</samp>&rsquo; option requires that the relevant outline
+(<samp>.pfa</samp> or <samp>.pfb</samp>) files be installed (see <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>). For example, the <samp>cmr10</samp> file might be in
+<samp>/usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/bluesky/cm/cmr10.pfb</samp>. Your TeX
+distribution may make those fonts available in a separate optional
+package (e.g., <code>tetex-extra</code> in Debian). Failing that,
+commercial versions of the Computer Modern fonts are available from
+Blue Sky; public domain versions - in particular, the lm fonts, and
+the cm-super fonts, are available from CTAN sites (for CTAN info,
+see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>).
+</p>
+<p>You can convert a PostScript file to PDF using <code>distill</code>, which
+comes with Adobe Acrobat, or <code>ps2pdf</code>, which comes with
+Ghostscript. The <code>ps2pdf</code> that comes with <code>Ghostscript</code>
+version 6.0 or earlier will not embed Type 1 fonts. Current
+recommendations are GNU Ghostscript 6.51 or Aladdin Ghostscript 7.0.
+You can check the fonts in a PDF file with Acrobat Reader by selecting
+the menu entries &lsquo;<samp>File|Document Info|Fonts</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<span id="index-psi-character-missing"></span>
+<span id="index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped"></span>
+<span id="index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing"></span>
+<p>Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space characters
+(character code 32) from strings. Unfortunately, the PostScript fonts
+use this character code for characters other than space (notably the
+Greek letter psi in the <code>Symbol</code> font), and so these characters are
+dropped. This bug is fixed in version 2.1.
+</p>
+<p>If you can&rsquo;t upgrade, one workaround is to change all the trailing
+blanks in strings to a character code that isn&rsquo;t in the font. This works
+because the default behavior is to substitute a blank for a missing
+character, i.e., the distiller is fooled into substituting the right
+character. For instance, with the Blue Sky fonts, you can globally
+replace &lsquo;<samp> )</samp>&rsquo; with &lsquo;<samp>\200)</samp>&rsquo; (with <code>sed</code>, for example) and
+get the desired result. With the public domain fonts, you will probably
+have to use a character code in the range 128 to 191 since these fonts
+duplicate the first 32 characters starting at 192 to avoid MS-DOS
+problems.
+</p>
+<p>For more information on the use of TeX to produce PDF files, see the
+article &ldquo;Creating quality Adobe PDF files from TeX with DVIPS&rdquo; by
+Kendall Whitehouse of Adobe. Adobe seems not to offer the article any
+more, but copies are available elsewhere:
+</p><div class="display">
+<pre class="display"><a href="http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html">http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html</a>
+<a href="http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html">http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html</a>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>You may also want to check &ldquo;Notes on converting (La)TeX documents
+to robust PDF using Rokicki&rsquo;s dvips and Acrobat Distiller&rdquo; by Timothy
+P. Van Zandt:<br>
+<a href="http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.htmlhttp://zandtwerk.insead.fr/tex2pdf.html">http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.htmlhttp://zandtwerk.insead.fr/tex2pdf.html</a>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hypertext-specials"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hypertext caveats</a>, Up: <a href="#Hypertext" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hypertext</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hypertext-specials-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</h4>
+
+<span id="index-hypertext-specials"></span>
+<span id="index-specials_002c-hypertext"></span>
+
+<span id="index-Smith_002c-Arthur"></span>
+<p>Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not
+involve modifying TeX itself. We need only define some specials;
+Arthur Smith (<a href="mailto:apsmith@aps.org">apsmith@aps.org</a>), Tanmoy Bhattacharya, and Paul
+Ginsparg originally proposed and implemented the following:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">html:&lt;a href=&quot;<var>xurl</var>&quot;&gt;
+html:&lt;a name=&quot;<var>name</var>&quot;&gt;
+html:&lt;/a&gt;
+html:&lt;img src=&quot;<var>xurl</var>&quot;&gt;
+html:&lt;base href=&quot;<var>xurl</var>&quot;&gt;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Like all TeX <code>\special</code>&rsquo;s, these produce no visible output, and
+are uninterpreted by TeX itself. They are instructions to DVI
+processors only.
+</p>
+<span id="index-uniform-resource-locator"></span>
+<span id="index-extended-URL"></span>
+<span id="index-URL_002c-extended-for-TeX"></span>
+<span id="index-Murphy_002c-Tim"></span>
+<p>Here, <var>xurl</var> is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL),
+possibly extended with a &lsquo;<samp>#<var>type</var>.<var>string</var></samp>&rsquo; construct,
+where <var>type</var> is &lsquo;<samp>page</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>section</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>equation</samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp>reference</samp>&rsquo; (for bibliographic references), &lsquo;<samp>figure</samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp>table</samp>&rsquo;, etc. For example,
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{html:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~tim/ch1.dvi#equation.1.1&quot;&gt;}
+</pre></div>
+<p>is a link to equation (1.1) in an example document by Tim Murphy.
+</p>
+<span id="index-URL_002c-definition"></span>
+<p>See the URL <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html</a>
+for a precise description of base URL&rsquo;s.
+</p>
+<p>Descriptions of the <code>\special</code>&rsquo;s:
+</p><dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>href</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-href"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-links_002c-hypertext"></span>
+<p>Creates links in your TeX document. For example:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{html:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tug.org/&quot;&gt;}\TeX\ Users
+Group\special{html:&lt;/a&gt;}
+</pre></div>
+<p>The user will be able to click on the text &lsquo;TeX Users
+Group&rsquo; while running Xdvi and get to the TUG home page. (By the way,
+this is for illustration. In practice, you most likely want to use
+macros to insert the <code>\special</code> commands; reference above.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>name</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-name"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie"></span>
+<p>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be
+resolved. For example:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\special{html:&lt;a name=&quot;paradise&quot;&gt;}Paradise\special{html:&lt;/a&gt;}
+is exactly where you are right now.
+</pre></div>
+<p>This will resolve an &lsquo;<samp>href=&quot;#paradise&quot;</samp>&rsquo;. You&rsquo;ll also have to
+change the catcode of &lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo;, etc. It&rsquo;s usually easiest to use
+existing macro packages which take care of all the details, such as
+<samp>hyperref</samp> for LaTeX. The <a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex/">HyperTeX FAQ</a> has more information.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>img</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-img"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-mailcap-and-hypertext"></span>
+<p>Links to an arbitrary external file. Interactively, a viewer is spawned
+to read the file according to the file extension and your <samp>mailcap</samp>
+file (see the Xdvi documentation).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>base</samp>&rsquo;
+<span id="index-base"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code>name</code> targets.
+Typically unnecessary, as the name of the DVI file being read is used by
+default.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>img</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>base</samp>&rsquo; tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or
+the NeXTSTEP DVI viewer.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="PostScript-fonts"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Color" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color</a>, Previous: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Interaction with PostScript</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="PostScript-fonts-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">6 PostScript fonts</h2>
+
+<span id="index-PostScript-fonts"></span>
+
+<p>Dvips supports the use of PostScript fonts in TeX documents. To use
+a PostScript font conveniently, you need to prepare a corresponding
+virtual font; the program Afm2tfm, supplied with Dvips, helps
+with that.
+</p>
+<p>All the necessary support for the standard 35 PostScript fonts
+(&lsquo;<samp>AvantGarde-Book</samp>&rsquo; through &lsquo;<samp>ZapfDingbats</samp>&rsquo;), plus other freely
+or commonly available PostScript fonts is available along with Dvips.
+To use these fonts, you need do nothing beyond what is mentioned in the
+installation procedure (see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>). This chapter is
+therefore relevant only if you are installing new PostScript fonts not
+supplied with Dvips. (Or if you&rsquo;re curious.)
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="1">Font concepts</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Metrics, glyphs, virtual fonts, and encodings.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Making-a-font-available" accesskey="2">Making a font available</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Installing and using a PostScript font.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="3">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Creating TFM and AFM files for a virtual font.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#psfonts_002emap" accesskey="4">psfonts.map</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Defining available PostScript fonts.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Font-concepts"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Making-a-font-available" accesskey="n" rel="next">Making a font available</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Font-concepts-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.1 Font concepts</h3>
+
+<span id="index-font-concepts"></span>
+
+<p>The information needed to typeset using a particular font is contained
+in two files: a <em>metric file</em> that contains shape-independent
+information and a <em>glyph file</em> that contains the actual shapes of
+the font&rsquo;s characters. A <em>virtual font</em> is an optional additional
+file that can specify special ways to construct the characters. TeX
+itself (or LaTeX) look only at the metric file, but DVI drivers such
+as Dvips look at all three of these files.
+</p>
+<p>An <em>encoding file</em> defines the correspondence between the code
+numbers of the characters in a font and their descriptive names. Two
+encoding files used together can describe a reencoding that rearranges,
+i.e., renumbers, the characters of a font.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Metric-files" accesskey="1">Metric files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Shape-independent font information.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Glyph-files" accesskey="2">Glyph files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Character shapes.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Virtual-fonts" accesskey="3">Virtual fonts</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Constructing one font from others.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Encodings" accesskey="4">Encodings</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Character codes and character names.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#PostScript-typesetting" accesskey="5">PostScript typesetting</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How PostScript typesets a character.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Metric-files"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Glyph-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Glyph files</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Metric-files-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.1.1 Metric files</h4>
+
+<span id="index-metric-files"></span>
+
+<p>A <em>metric file</em> describes properties of the font that are
+independent of what the characters actually look like. Aside from
+general information about the font itself, a metric file has two kinds
+of information: information about individual characters, organized by
+character code, and information about sequences of characters.
+</p>
+<p>The per-character information specifies the width, height, depth, and
+italic correction of each character in the font. Any might be zero.
+</p>
+<span id="index-kerning_002c-defined"></span>
+<span id="index-ligature_002c-defined"></span>
+<p>In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file
+specifies <em>kerning</em>, i.e., adding or removing space between
+particular character pairs. It further specifies <em>ligature</em>
+information: when a sequence of input characters should be typeset as a
+single (presumably different) &ldquo;ligature&rdquo; character. For example, it&rsquo;s
+traditional for the input &lsquo;<samp>fi</samp>&rsquo; to be typeset as &lsquo;fi&rsquo;, not as
+&lsquo;<span class="roman">f</span><span class="roman">i</span>&rsquo; (with the dot of the &lsquo;i&rsquo; colliding with &lsquo;f&rsquo;). (In English,
+the only common ligatures are fi, fl, ff, ffi, and ffl.)
+</p>
+<p>Different typesetting systems use different metric file formats:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li> <span id="index-afm-files"></span>
+<span id="index-_002eafm-Adobe-metric-files"></span>
+Each Postscript font has an <em>Adobe font metrics</em> (&lsquo;<samp>.afm</samp>&rsquo;)
+file. These files are plain text, so you can inspect them easily. You
+can get AFM files for Adobe&rsquo;s fonts from
+<a href="ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs">ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs</a>.
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-tfm-files"></span>
+<span id="index-_002etfm-TeX-font-metric-files"></span>
+TeX uses <em>TeX font metrics</em> (&lsquo;<samp>.tfm</samp>&rsquo;) files. When you say
+&lsquo;<samp>\font = <var>font</var></samp>&rsquo; in your TeX document, TeX reads a file
+named &lsquo;<samp><var>font</var>.tfm</samp>&rsquo;. (Well, except for the <samp>texfonts.map</samp>
+feature; see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Fontmap">Fontmap</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). TeX can then
+calculate the space occupied by characters from the font when
+typesetting. In addition, the DVI drivers you use to print or view the
+DVI file produced by TeX may need to look at the TFM file.
+
+<span id="index-property-list-files"></span>
+<span id="index-tftopl"></span>
+<span id="index-pltotf"></span>
+<span id="index-_002epl-property-list-files"></span>
+<p>TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM
+files). You can use the <code>tftopl</code> program (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#tftopl-invocation">tftopl
+invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>) that comes with TeX to transform a TFM
+file into a human-readable &ldquo;property list&rdquo; (&lsquo;<samp>.pl</samp>&rsquo;) file. You can
+also edit a PL file and transform it back to a TeX-readable TFM with
+the companion program <code>pltotf</code> (see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>). Editing metrics by hand is not something you&rsquo;re likely to want
+to do often, but the capability is there.
+</p>
+</li><li> <span id="index-pfm-files"></span>
+<span id="index-_002epfm-printer-font-metric-files"></span>
+ATM and other typesetting systems use <em>printer font metric</em>
+(&lsquo;<samp>.pfm</samp>&rsquo;) files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the
+TeX world, and not freely available, so we will not discuss them
+further.
+
+</li></ul>
+
+<p>The Afm2tfm program distributed with Dvips converts an AFM file
+to a TFM file and performs other useful transformations as well.
+See <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Glyph-files"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Virtual-fonts" accesskey="n" rel="next">Virtual fonts</a>, Previous: <a href="#Metric-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Metric files</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Glyph-files-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.1.2 Glyph files</h4>
+
+<span id="index-glyph-files"></span>
+
+<p>Although a metric file (see the previous section) contains information
+about the spatial and other properties of the character at position 75,
+say, it contains nothing about what the character at position 75
+actually looks like. The glyphs&mdash;the actual shapes of the letterforms
+in a font&mdash;are defined by other files, which we call glyph files.
+TeX itself only reads the TFM file for a font; it does not need to
+know character shapes.
+</p>
+<p>A <em>glyph file</em> is a file that defines the shapes of the characters
+in a font. The shapes can be defined either by outlines or by bitmaps.
+</p>
+<span id="index-outline-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-arcs"></span>
+<span id="index-splines"></span>
+<p>PostScript fonts are defined as <em>outline fonts</em>: Each character in
+the font is defined by giving the mathematical curves (lines, arcs, and
+splines) that define its contours. Different sizes of a character are
+generated by linearly scaling a single shape. For example, a 10-point
+&lsquo;A&rsquo; is simply half the size of a 20-point &lsquo;A&rsquo;. Nowadays, outline fonts
+usually also contain <em>hints</em>&mdash;additional information to improve the
+appearance of the font at small sizes or low resolutions.
+</p>
+<span id="index-Type-1-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-pfa-files"></span>
+<span id="index-pfb-files"></span>
+<span id="index-_002epfa-printer-font-ascii-files"></span>
+<span id="index-_002epfb-printer-font-binary-files"></span>
+<p>Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the
+most common, and the only one we will consider, is called <em>Type 1</em>.
+The glyph files for Postscript Type 1 fonts typically have names ending
+in &lsquo;<samp>.pfa</samp>&rsquo; (&ldquo;printer font ASCII&rdquo;) or &lsquo;<samp>.pfb</samp>&rsquo; (&ldquo;printer font
+binary&rdquo;).
+</p>
+<span id="index-bitmap-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-_002emf-Metafont-source-files"></span>
+<span id="index-Metafont-source-files"></span>
+<p>In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard
+TeX fonts are <em>bitmap fonts</em>, generated from Metafont
+(&lsquo;<samp>.mf</samp>&rsquo;) descriptions. The Metafont program distributed with TeX
+generates bitmaps from these descriptions.
+</p>
+<span id="index-pk-files"></span>
+<span id="index-_002ennnpk-packed-font-bitmaps"></span>
+<p>The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in
+<em>packed font</em> (PK) files. The names of these files end in
+&lsquo;<samp>.<var>nnn</var>pk</samp>&rsquo;, where <var>nnn</var> is the resolution of the font in
+dots per inch. For example, <samp>cmr10.600pk</samp> contains the bitmaps for
+the &lsquo;<samp>cmr10</samp>&rsquo; font at a resolution of 600dpi. (On DOS
+filesystems, it&rsquo;s more likely <samp>dpi600\cmr10.pk</samp>.)
+</p>
+<span id="index-gf-files"></span>
+<span id="index-gftopk"></span>
+<p>Metafont actually outputs <em>generic font</em> (GF) files, e.g.,
+<samp>cmr10.600gf</samp>, but the GF files are usually converted immediately
+to PK format (using the <code>gftopk</code> utility that comes with TeX)
+since PK files are smaller and contain the same information. (The GF
+format is a historical artifact.)
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Virtual-fonts"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Encodings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Glyph-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Glyph files</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Virtual-fonts-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</h4>
+
+<span id="index-virtual-fonts"></span>
+
+<p>A <em>virtual font</em> is constructed by extracting characters from one or
+more existing fonts and rearranging them, or synthesizing new characters
+in various ways. The explanation in this manual is intended to suffice
+for understanding enough about virtual fonts to use them with Dvips. It
+isn&rsquo;t a reference manual on virtual fonts. For more information: The
+primary document on virtual fonts is Donald E. Knuth, <cite>TUGboat</cite>
+11(1), Apr. 1990, pp. 13&ndash;23, &ldquo;Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand
+Wizards&rdquo; (<samp><var>CTAN:</var>/info/virtual-fonts.knuth</samp>; for CTAN info,
+see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>). (Don&rsquo;t be intimidated by
+the subtitle.)
+</p>
+<span id="index-vf-files"></span>
+<span id="index-vpl-files"></span>
+<p>A virtual font (&lsquo;<samp>.vf</samp>&rsquo;) file specifies, for each character in the
+virtual font, a recipe for typesetting that character. A VF file, like
+a TFM file, is in a compressed binary format. The <code>vftovp</code> and
+<code>vptovf</code> programs convert a VF file to a human-readable VPL
+(virtual property list) format and back again. See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#vftovp-invocation">vftovp
+invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>, and <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-base-fonts"></span>
+<p>In the case of a PostScript font <var>f</var> being used in a straightforward
+way, the recipe says: character <var>i</var> in the VF font is character
+<var>j</var> in font <var>f</var>. The font <var>f</var> is called a <em>base font</em>.
+For example, the VF file could remap the characters of the PostScript
+font to the positions where TeX expects to find them.
+See <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Since TeX reads only TFM files, not VF&rsquo;s, each VF must have a
+corresponding TFM for use with TeX. This corresponding TFM is
+created when you run <code>vptovf</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-virtual-font-expansion"></span>
+<p>You can <em>expand</em> virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy
+(see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a> in <cite>Web2c</cite>). This is useful if you are
+using a DVI translator that doesn&rsquo;t understand vf&rsquo;s itself.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Encodings"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting" accesskey="n" rel="next">PostScript typesetting</a>, Previous: <a href="#Virtual-fonts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Virtual fonts</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Encodings-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.1.4 Encodings</h4>
+
+<span id="index-encodings"></span>
+
+<p>Every font, whatever its type, has an <em>encoding</em>, that specifies the
+correspondence between &ldquo;logical&rdquo; characters and character codes. For
+example, the ASCII encoding specifies that the character numbered 65
+(decimal) is an uppercase &lsquo;A&rsquo;. The encoding does not specify what the
+character at that position looks like; there are lots of ways to draw an
+&lsquo;A&rsquo;, and a glyph file (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) tells how. Nor does it
+specify how much space that character occupies; that information is in a
+metric file (see <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of"></span>
+<p>TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use
+with it. For example, the plain TeX macro <code>\'</code>, which typesets
+an acute accent over the following letter, assumes the acute accent is
+at position 19 (decimal). This happens to be true of standard TeX
+fonts such as Computer Modern, as you might expect, but it is not true
+of normal PostScript fonts.
+</p>
+<p>It&rsquo;s possible but painful to change all the macros that assume
+particular character positions. A better solution is to create a new
+font with the information for the acute accent at position 19, where
+TeX expects it to be. See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-PostScript-encoding"></span>
+<span id="index-encoding-files"></span>
+<span id="index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined"></span>
+
+<p>PostScript represents encodings as a sequence of 256 character names
+called an <em>encoding vector</em>. An <em>encoding file</em> (&lsquo;<samp>.enc</samp>&rsquo;)
+gives such a vector, together with ligature and kerning information
+(with which we are not concerned at the moment). These encoding files
+are used by the Afm2tfm program. Encoding files are also downloaded to
+the PostScript interpreter in your printer if you use one of them in
+place of the default encoding vector for a particular PostScript font.
+</p>
+<span id="index-dvips_002eenc"></span>
+<span id="index-8r_002eenc"></span>
+<span id="index-texmext_002eenc"></span>
+<span id="index-texmital_002eenc"></span>
+<span id="index-texmsym_002eenc"></span>
+<span id="index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc"></span>
+<p>Examples of encodings: the <samp>dvips.enc</samp> encoding file that comes
+with the Fontname distribution (<a href="http://tug.org/fontname">http://tug.org/fontname</a>) is a
+good (but not perfect) approximation to the TeX encoding for
+TeX&rsquo;s Computer Modern text fonts. This is the encoding of the
+fonts that originated with Dvips, such as <samp>ptmr.tfm</samp>. The
+distribution includes many other encoding files; for example,
+<samp>8r.enc</samp>, which is the base font for the current PostScript font
+distribution, and three corresponding to the TeX mathematics fonts:
+<samp>texmext.enc</samp> for math extensions, <samp>texmital.enc</samp> for math
+italics, and <samp>texmsym.enc</samp> for math symbols.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="PostScript-typesetting"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Font concepts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="How-PostScript-typesets-a-character"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</h4>
+
+<span id="index-typesetting-in-PostScript"></span>
+<span id="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript"></span>
+
+<p>The output of Dvips is a program in the PostScript language that
+instructs your (presumably PostScript-capable) printer how to typeset
+your document by transforming it into toner on paper. Your printer, in
+turn, contains a PostScript interpreter that carries out the
+instructions in this typesetting program.
+</p>
+<p>The program must include the definition of any PostScript fonts that you
+use in your document. Fonts built into your printer (probably the
+standard 35: &lsquo;<samp>Times-Roman</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>ZapfDingbats</samp>&rsquo;, &hellip;) are
+defined within the interpreter itself. Other fonts must be downloaded
+as pfa or pfb files (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) from your host (the computer
+on which you&rsquo;re running Dvips).
+</p>
+<p>You may be wondering exactly how a PostScript interpreter figures out
+what character to typeset, with this mass of metrics, glyphs, encodings,
+and other information. (If you&rsquo;re not wondering, skip this section
+&hellip;)
+</p>
+<span id="index-show-PostScript-operator"></span>
+<p>The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is
+<code>show</code>. Suppose you&rsquo;ve asked TeX to typeset an &lsquo;S&rsquo;. This will
+eventually wind up in the Dvips output as the equivalent of this
+PostScript operation:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">(S) show
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Here is how PostScript typesets the &lsquo;S&rsquo;:
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li> <span id="index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript"></span>
+PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore &lsquo;S&rsquo; is represented as the
+integer 83. (Any of the 256 possible characters representable in a
+standard 8-bit byte can be typeset.)
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript"></span>
+<span id="index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language"></span>
+A PostScript <em>dictionary</em> is a mapping of names to arbitrary values.
+A font, to the interpreter, is a dictionary which contains entries for
+certain names. (If these entries are missing, the interpreter refuses
+to do anything with that font.)
+
+<p>PostScript has a notion of &ldquo;the current font&rdquo;&mdash;whatever font is
+currently being typeset in.
+</p>
+</li><li> <span id="index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-Encoding-Type-1-dictionary"></span>
+One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is &lsquo;<samp>Encoding</samp>&rsquo;,
+which defines the encoding vector (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>) for that font.
+This vector of 256 names maps each possible input character to a name.
+
+</li><li> The interpreter retrieves the entry at position 83 of the encoding
+vector. This value is a PostScript name: <code>/S</code>.
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-CharStrings-Type-1-dictionary"></span>
+<span id="index-dictionary_002c-CharStrings"></span>
+For Type 1 fonts (we&rsquo;re not going to discuss anything else), the
+interpreter now looks up <code>/S</code> as a key in a dictionary named
+<code>CharStrings</code>, another mandatory entry in a font dictionary.
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-hints"></span>
+<span id="index-character-definitions-in-PostScript"></span>
+The value of <code>S</code> in <code>CharStrings</code> is the equivalent of a
+series of standard PostScript commands like &lsquo;<samp>curveto</samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp>lineto</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>fill</samp>&rsquo;, and so on. These commands are executed to
+draw the character. There can also be <em>hint information</em> that helps
+adapt the character to low-resolution rasters. (See <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>.)
+The commands are actually represented in a more compact way than
+standard PostScript source; see the Type 1 book for details.
+
+</li></ol>
+
+<p>This method for typesetting characters is used in both Level 1 and Level
+2 PostScript. See the PostScript reference manuals for more
+information.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Making-a-font-available"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, Previous: <a href="#Font-concepts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font concepts</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Making-a-PostScript-font-available"></span><h3 class="section">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</h3>
+
+<span id="index-installing-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-installing"></span>
+
+<p>To make a PostScript font available in a TeX document, you need to
+install the font on your system and then define it within the document.
+Once you have installed the font, of course, it is available for any
+document thereafter and you don&rsquo;t need to reinstall it. You must have
+an AFM file for any font you install. Unless the font is built into your
+printer, you must also have a PFA or PFB file.
+</p>
+<p>In the following examples, we use the font &lsquo;<samp>Times-Roman</samp>&rsquo; to
+illustrate the process. But you should use the prebuilt fonts for Times
+and the other standard fonts, rather than rebuilding them. The prebuilt
+fonts are made using a more complicated process than that described
+here, to make them work as well as possible with TeX. So following
+the steps in this manual will not generate files identical to the
+distributed ones. See <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>, for pointers to
+the prebuilt fonts.
+</p>
+<p>Installation of a PostScript font proceeds in three steps. See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>, for descriptions of the various files involved.
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li> Run <code>afm2tfm</code> to create a TFM file for the original font,
+and the VPL form of the virtual font:
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr
+</pre></div>
+
+</li><li> Run <code>vptovf</code> to generate a VF and TFM file for the virtual font
+from the VPL file:
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm
+</pre></div>
+
+</li><li> Insert an entry for the font in <samp>psfonts.map</samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>):
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">rptmr Times-Roman &lt;ptmr8a.pfa
+</pre></div>
+
+</li><li> Install the files in the standard locations, as in:
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">cp ptmr.vf <var>fontdir</var>/vf/&hellip;
+cp *ptmr.tfm <var>fontdir</var>/tfm/&hellip;
+cp ptmr.afm <var>fontdir</var>/afm/&hellip;
+cp ptmr.pf? <var>fontdir</var>/type1/&hellip;
+</pre></div>
+</li></ol>
+
+<p>The simplest invocation of Afm2tfm to make virtual fonts goes something
+like this:
+</p>
+<span id="index-afm2tfm"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This reads the file <samp>Times-Roman.afm</samp>, and produces two files as
+output, namely the virtual property list&rsquo;file <samp>ptmr.vpl</samp>, and the
+&ldquo;raw&rdquo; font metric file <samp>rptmr.tfm</samp>. To use the font in TeX,
+you first run
+</p>
+<span id="index-vptovf"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>You should then install the virtual font file <samp>ptmr.vf</samp> where Dvips
+will see it and install <samp>ptmr.tfm</samp> and <samp>rptmr.tfm</samp> where
+TeX and Dvips will see them.
+</p>
+<p>Using these raw fonts is not recommended; there are no raw fonts in the
+prebuilt PostScript fonts distributed along with Dvips. But
+nevertheless, that&rsquo;s how Afm2tfm presently operates, so that&rsquo;s what we
+document here. The &lsquo;<samp>r</samp>&rsquo; prefix convention is likewise historical
+accident.
+</p>
+<p>You can also make more complex virtual fonts by editing <samp>ptmr.vpl</samp>
+before running &lsquo;<samp>vptovf</samp>&rsquo;; such editing might add the uppercase Greek
+characters in the standard TeX positions, for instance. (This has
+already been done for the prebuilt fonts.)
+</p>
+<p>Once the files have been installed, you&rsquo;re all set. You can now do
+things like this in TeX:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\font\myfont = ptmr at 12pt
+\myfont Hello, I am being typeset in 12-point Times-Roman.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (&lsquo;<samp>rptmr</samp>&rsquo;, which is analogous to
+the font in the printer) and one virtual (&lsquo;<samp>ptmr</samp>&rsquo;, which has been
+remapped to the standard TeX encoding (almost)), and has typesetting
+know-how added. You could also say
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\font\raw = rptmr at 10pt
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>and typeset directly with that, but then you would have no ligatures or
+kerning, and you would have to use Adobe character positions for special
+letters like
+The virtual font &lsquo;<samp>ptmr</samp>&rsquo; not only has ligatures and kerning, and
+most of the standard accent conventions of TeX, it also has a few
+additional features not present in the Computer Modern fonts. For
+example, it includes all the Adobe characters (such as the Polish ogonek
+and the French guillemots). The only things you lose from ordinary
+TeX text fonts are the dotless &lsquo;j&rsquo; (which can be hacked into the VPL
+file with literal PostScript specials if you have the patience) and
+uppercase Greek letters (which just don&rsquo;t exist unless you buy them
+separately). See <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>.
+</p>
+<p>As a final step you need to record information about both the virtual
+font and the original font (if you ever might want to use it) in the
+<samp>psfonts.map</samp> file (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>). For our example, you&rsquo;d
+insert the following into <samp>psfonts.map</samp>:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">rptmr Times-Roman &lt;ptmr8a.pfa
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Of course, <code>Times-Roman</code> is already built in to most every
+printer, so there&rsquo;s no need to download any Type 1 file for it. But if
+you are actually following these instructions for new fonts, most likely
+they are not built in to the printer.
+</p>
+<span id="index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts"></span>
+<p>These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size. Go wild! Using
+PostScript fonts, however, does use up a great deal of the printer&rsquo;s
+memory and it does take time. You may find downloading bitmap fonts
+(possibly compressed, with the &lsquo;<samp>Z</samp>&rsquo; option) to be faster than using
+the built-in PostScript fonts.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Invoking-afm2tfm"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#psfonts_002emap" accesskey="n" rel="next">psfonts.map</a>, Previous: <a href="#Making-a-font-available" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Making a font available</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Invoking-Afm2tfm"></span><h3 class="section">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</h3>
+
+<span id="index-afm2tfm-1"></span>
+
+<p>The Afm2tfm program converts an AFM file for a PostScript font to a TFM
+file and a VPL file for a corresponding virtual font (or, in its
+simplest form, to a TFM file for the PostScript font itself). The
+results of the conversion are affected by the command-line options and
+especially by the reencodings you can specify with those options. You
+can also obtain special effects such as an oblique font.
+</p>
+<span id="index-fontinst"></span>
+<span id="index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating"></span>
+<span id="index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan"></span>
+<p>Alternatives to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts include
+<code>fontinst</code> <a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/fontinst">http://ctan.org/pkg/fontinst</a>,
+<code>lcdf-typetools</code>, particularly <code>otftotfm</code>
+(<a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/lcdf-typetools">http://ctan.org/pkg/lcdf-typetools</a>), and <code>afm2p</code>
+(<a href="http://tex.aanhet.net/afm2pl/">http://tex.aanhet.net/afm2pl/</a>), among others.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="1">Changing font encodings</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Reencoding with -t, -p, -T.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Special-font-effects" accesskey="2">Special font effects</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Oblique fonts, small caps, and such.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Afm2tfm-options" accesskey="3">Afm2tfm options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">afm2tfm command-line options.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Changing-font-encodings"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Special-font-effects" accesskey="n" rel="next">Special font effects</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking afm2tfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Changing-font-encodings-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</h4>
+
+<span id="index-encoding-changes"></span>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of"></span>
+
+<p>Afm2tfm allows you to specify a different encoding for a PostScript font
+(for a general introduction to encodings, see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). The
+&lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo; option changes the TeX encoding, &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo; changes the
+PostScript encoding, and &lsquo;<samp>-T</samp>&rsquo; changes both simultaneously, as
+detailed in the sections below.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings" accesskey="1">Changing TeX encodings</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Where TeX finds a character.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings" accesskey="2">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Where PostScript finds a character.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Changing-both-encodings" accesskey="3">Changing both encodings</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">One and the same, simultaneously.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm" accesskey="4">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Problems with the default encoding.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Encoding-file-format" accesskey="5">Encoding file format</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Syntax of an encoding file.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Changing-TeX-encodings"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Changing PostScript encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_002dt_003a-Changing-TeX-encodings"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.1 &lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo;: Changing TeX encodings</h4>
+
+<span id="index-changing-TeX-encodings"></span>
+<span id="index-TeX-encoding_002c-changing"></span>
+
+<span id="index-_002dt-tex_002denc"></span>
+<p>To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the &lsquo;<samp>-v</samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp>-V</samp>&rsquo; option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font
+with &lsquo;<samp>-t <var>tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;. (&lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo; is ignored if neither
+&lsquo;<samp>-v</samp>&rsquo; nor &lsquo;<samp>-V</samp>&rsquo; is present.) Any ligature and kerning
+information you specify in <var>tex-enc</var> will be used in the VPL, in
+addition to the ligature and kerning information from the AFM file.
+</p>
+<p>If the AFM file has no entry for a character specified in <var>tex-enc</var>,
+that character will be omitted from the output VPL.
+</p>
+<span id="index-texmsym_002eenc-1"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo; option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript
+font corresponding to a TeX font other than a normal text font such
+as Computer Modern. For instance, if you have a PostScript font that
+contains math symbols, you&rsquo;d probably want to use the encoding in the
+<samp>texmsym.enc</samp> file supplied with Dvips. (For a start; to actually
+get usable math fonts, you have to define much more than just an
+encoding.)
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Changing-PostScript-encodings"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings" accesskey="n" rel="next">Changing both encodings</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing TeX encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_002dp_003a-Changing-PostScript-encodings"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.2 &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</h4>
+
+<span id="index-changing-PostScript-encodings"></span>
+<span id="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing"></span>
+<span id="index-_002dp-ps_002denc"></span>
+
+<p>By default, Afm2tfm uses the encoding it finds in the AFM file. You can
+specify a different PostScript encoding with &lsquo;<samp>-p <var>ps-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;.
+This makes the raw TFM file (the one output by Afm2tfm) have the
+encoding specified in the encoding file <var>ps-enc</var>. Any ligature or
+kern information specified in <var>ps-enc</var> is ignored by Afm2tfm, since
+ligkern info is always omitted from the raw TFM.
+</p>
+<p>If you use this option, you must also arrange to download <var>ps-enc</var>
+as part of any document that uses this font. You do this by adding a
+line like the following one to <samp>psfonts.map</samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>):
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">zpopr Optima &quot;MyEncoding ReEncodeFont&quot; &lt;myenc.enc
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-trademark-character_002c-accessing"></span>
+<span id="index-registered-character_002c-accessing"></span>
+<span id="index-extra-characters_002c-accessing"></span>
+<p>Using &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo; is the only way to access characters in a PostScript
+font that are neither encoded in the AFM file nor constructed from other
+characters. For instance, Adobe&rsquo;s &lsquo;<samp>Times-Roman</samp>&rsquo; font contains the
+extra characters &lsquo;<samp>trademark</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>registered</samp>&rsquo; (among others);
+these can only be accessed through such a PostScript reencoding.
+</p>
+<span id="index-8r-encoding_002c-and-extra-characters"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;8r&rsquo; base encoding used for the current PostScript font
+distribution does do this reencoding, for precisely this reason.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Changing-both-encodings"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing PostScript encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_002dT_003a-Changing-both-TeX-and-PostScript-encodings"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.3 &lsquo;<samp>-T</samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h4>
+
+<span id="index-_002dT-enc_002dfile"></span>
+
+<p>The option &lsquo;<samp>-T <var>enc-file</var></samp>&rsquo; is equivalent to &lsquo;<samp>-p
+<var>enc-file</var> -t <var>enc-file</var></samp>&rsquo;. If you make regular use of a private
+non-standard reencoding &lsquo;<samp>-T</samp>&rsquo; is usually a better idea than the
+individual options, to avoid unexpected inconsistencies in mapping
+otherwise. An example of when you might use this option is a dingbats
+font: when you have a TeX encoding that is designed to be used with a
+particular PostScript font.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Encoding-file-format" accesskey="n" rel="next">Encoding file format</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing both encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</h4>
+
+<span id="index-reencoding"></span>
+<span id="index-remapping"></span>
+
+<p>The Afm2tfm program creates the TFM and VF files for the virtual font
+corresponding to a PostScript font by <em>reencoding</em> the PostScript
+font. Afm2tfm generates these files from two encodings: one for TeX
+and one for PostScript. The TeX encoding is used to map character
+numbers to character names while the PostScript encoding is used to map
+each character name to a possibly different number. In combination, you
+can get access to any character of a PostScript font at any position for
+TeX typesetting.
+</p>
+<p>In the default case, when you specify none of the <code>-t</code>, <code>-p</code>,
+or <code>-T</code> options, Afm2tfm uses a default TeX encoding (which
+mostly corresponds to the Computer Modern text fonts) and the PostScript
+encoding found in the AFM file being read. The reencoding is also
+sometimes called a <em>remapping</em>.
+</p>
+<p>For example, the default encodings reencode the acute accent in two
+steps: first the default TeX encoding maps the number 19 to the
+character name &lsquo;<samp>acute</samp>&rsquo;; then the default PostScript encoding, as
+found in the AFM file for an ordinary PostScript font, maps the
+character name &lsquo;<samp>acute</samp>&rsquo; to the number 194. (The PostScript encoding
+works in reverse, by looking in the encoding vector for the name and
+then yielding the corresponding number.) The combined mapping of 19 to
+194 shows up explicitly in the VF file and also implicitly in the fact
+that the properties of PostScript character 194 appear in position 19 of
+the TFM file for the virtual font.
+</p>
+<span id="index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position"></span>
+<span id="index-Hungarian-umlaut"></span>
+<span id="index-dot-accent"></span>
+<span id="index-Scandinavian-A-ring"></span>
+<span id="index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter"></span>
+<p>The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., <samp>ptmr.tfm</samp>)
+mostly follows plain TeX conventions for accents. The exceptions:
+the Hungarian umlaut (which is at position <code>0x7D</code> in &lsquo;<samp>cmr10</samp>&rsquo;,
+but position <code>0xCD</code> in &lsquo;<samp>ptmr</samp>&rsquo;); the dot accent (at positions
+<code>0x5F</code> and <code>0xC7</code>, respectively); and the Scandinavian A ring
+<code>\AA</code>, whose definition needs different tweaking. In order to use
+these accents with PostScript fonts or in math mode when
+<code>\textfont0</code> is a PostScript font, you will need to use the
+following definitions. These definitions will not work with the
+Computer Modern fonts for the relevant accents. They are already part
+of the distributed <samp>psfonts.sty</samp> for use with LaTeX.
+</p>
+<span id="index-_005cH"></span>
+<span id="index-_005c_002e"></span>
+<span id="index-_005cdot"></span>
+<span id="index-_005cAA"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\H#1{{\accent&quot;CD #1}}
+\def\.#1{{\accent&quot;C7 #1}}
+\def\dot{\mathaccent&quot;70C7 }
+\newdimen\aadimen
+\def\AA{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{h}\aadimen\ht0
+ \advance\aadimen-1ex\setbox0\hbox{A}\rlap{\raise.67\aadimen
+ \hbox to \wd0{\hss\char'27\hss}}A}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-CODINGSCHEME"></span>
+<p>As a kind of summary, here are the &lsquo;<samp>CODINGSCHEME</samp>&rsquo;s that result from
+the various possible choices for reencoding.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>default encoding</dt>
+<dd><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">(CODINGSCHEME TeX text + AdobeStandardEncoding)
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-p dc.enc</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">(CODINGSCHEME TeX text + DCEncoding)
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-t dc.enc</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">(CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + AdobeStandardEncoding)
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-T dc.enc</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">(CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + DCEncoding)
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>CODINGSCHEME</samp>&rsquo; line appears in the VPL file but is
+ignored by Dvips.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Encoding-file-format"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>, Up: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="u" rel="up">Changing font encodings</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Encoding-file-format-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</h4>
+
+<span id="index-encoding-file-format"></span>
+
+<p>Afm2tfm&rsquo;s encoding files have the same format as an encoding vector in a
+PostScript font. Here is a skeletal example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">% <span class="roman">Comments are ignored, unless the first word after the percent sign</span>
+% <span class="roman">is &lsquo;<samp>LIGKERN</samp>&rsquo;; see below.</span>
+/MyEncoding [ % <span class="roman">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading &lsquo;<samp>/</samp>&rsquo;</span>
+ /Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta &hellip;
+ /A /B &hellip; /Z
+ &hellip; /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent
+] def
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>These encoding files are downloaded as part of changing the encoding at
+the PostScript level (see the previous section).
+</p>
+<span id="index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files"></span>
+<p>Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end
+of the line, are ignored unless they start with &lsquo;<samp>LIGKERN</samp>&rsquo; (see below).
+</p>
+<p>The first non-comment word of the file must start with a forward slash
+&lsquo;<samp>/</samp>&rsquo; (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the
+encoding. The next word must be an left bracket &lsquo;<samp>[</samp>&rsquo;. Following
+that must be precisely 256 character names; use &lsquo;<samp>/.notdef</samp>&rsquo; for any
+that you want to leave undefined. Then there must be a matching right
+bracket <code>]</code>. A final &lsquo;<samp>def</samp>&rsquo; token is optional. All names are
+case-sensitive.
+</p>
+<p>Any ligature or kern information is given as a comment. If the first
+word after the &lsquo;<samp>%</samp>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<samp>LIGKERN</samp>&rsquo;, then the entire rest of the
+line is parsed for ligature and kern information. This ligature and
+kern information is given in groups of words: each group is terminated
+by a space and a semicolon and (unless the semicolon is at the end of a
+line) another space.
+</p>
+<span id="index-LIGKERN-encoding-file-command"></span>
+<p>In these <code>LIGKERN</code> statements, three types of information may be
+specified. These three types are ligature pairs, kerns to ignore, and
+the character value of this font&rsquo;s boundary character.
+</p>
+<span id="index-boundary-character"></span>
+<p>Throughout a <code>LIGKERN</code> statement, the boundary character is
+specified as &lsquo;<samp>||</samp>&rsquo;. To set the font&rsquo;s boundary character value for
+TeX:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">% LIGKERN || = 39 ;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>To indicate a kern to remove, give the names of the two characters
+(without the leading slash) separated by &lsquo;<samp>{}</samp>&rsquo;, as in &lsquo;<samp>one
+{} one ;</samp>&rsquo;. This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might
+use &lsquo;<samp>{}</samp>&rsquo; in a TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a
+particular location. Either or both of the character names can be given
+as &lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo;, which is a wild card matching any character; thus, all
+kerns can be removed with &lsquo;<samp>* {} * ;</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<span id="index-ligature-operations"></span>
+<span id="index-Metafont-ligature-operations"></span>
+<p>To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters,
+followed by the ligature operation (as in Metafont), followed by the
+replacing character name. Either (but not both) of the first two
+characters can be &lsquo;<samp>||</samp>&rsquo; to indicate a word boundary.
+</p>
+<span id="index-_003d_003a-ligature-operation"></span>
+<p>The most common operation is &lsquo;<samp>=:</samp>&rsquo; meaning that both characters are
+removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the &lsquo;<samp>|</samp>&rsquo;
+character on either side of the &lsquo;<samp>=:</samp>&rsquo;, you can retain either or both
+of the two leading characters. In addition, by suffixing the ligature
+operation with one or two &lsquo;<samp>&gt;</samp>&rsquo; signs, you can make the ligature
+scanning operation skip that many resulting characters before
+proceeding. This works just like in Metafont. For example, the &lsquo;fi&rsquo;
+ligature is specified with &lsquo;<samp>f&nbsp;i&nbsp;=:&nbsp;fi&nbsp;;</samp>&rsquo;<!-- /@w -->. A more convoluted
+ligature is &lsquo;<samp>one one |=:|&gt;&gt; exclam ;</samp>&rsquo; which separates a pair of
+adjacent <code>1</code>&rsquo;s with an exclamation point, and then skips over two
+of the resulting characters before continuing searching for ligatures
+and kerns. You cannot give more <tt>&gt;</tt>&rsquo;s than <tt>|</tt>&rsquo;s in an ligature
+operation, so there are a total of eight possibilities:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">=: |=: |=:&gt; =:| =:|&gt; |=:| |=:|&gt; |=:|&gt;&gt;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The default set of ligatures and kerns built in to Afm2tfm is:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">% LIGKERN question quoteleft =: questiondown ;
+% LIGKERN exclam quoteleft =: exclamdown ;
+% LIGKERN hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ;
+% LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ;
+% LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ;
+% LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ; 0 {} * ; * {} 0 ;
+% LIGKERN 1 {} * ; * {} 1 ; 2 {} * ; * {} 2 ; 3 {} * ; * {} 3 ;
+% LIGKERN 4 {} * ; * {} 4 ; 5 {} * ; * {} 5 ; 6 {} * ; * {} 6 ;
+% LIGKERN 7 {} * ; * {} 7 ; 8 {} * ; * {} 8 ; 9 {} * ; * {} 9 ;
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Special-font-effects"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Afm2tfm options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing font encodings</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking afm2tfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Special-font-effects-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.3.2 Special font effects</h4>
+
+<span id="index-oblique-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-slanted-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-slanted"></span>
+<p>Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can
+do other manipulations. (Again, it&rsquo;s best to use the prebuilt fonts
+rather than attempting to remake them.)
+</p>
+<p>&lsquo;<samp>-s <var>slant</var></samp>&rsquo; makes an obliqued variant, as in:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -s .167 -v ptmro rptmro
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This creates <samp>ptmro.vpl</samp> and <samp>rptmro.tfm</samp>. To use this font,
+put the line
+</p>
+<span id="index-SlantFont"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">rptmro Times-Roman &quot;.167 SlantFont&quot;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p><span id="index-psfonts_002emap-1"></span>
+into <samp>psfonts.map</samp>. Then &lsquo;<samp>rptmro</samp>&rsquo; (our name for the obliqued
+Times) will act as if it were a resident font, although it is actually
+constructed from Times-Roman via the PostScript routine <code>SlantFont</code>
+(which will slant everything 1/6 to the right, in this case).
+</p>
+<span id="index-expanded-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-expanded"></span>
+<p>Similarly, you can get an expanded font with
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -e 1.2 -v ptmrre rptmrre
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>and by recording the pseudo-resident font
+<span id="index-ExtendFont"></span>
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">rptmrre Times-Roman &quot;1.2 ExtendFont&quot;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>in <samp>psfonts.map</samp>.
+</p>
+<p>You can also create a small caps font with a command such as
+<span id="index-small-caps-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-small-caps"></span>
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -V ptmrc rptmrc
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This will generate a set of pseudo-small caps mapped into the usual
+lowercase positions and scaled down to 0.8 of the normal cap
+dimensions. You can also specify the scaling as something other than
+the default 0.8:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman -c 0.7 -V ptmrc rptmrc
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>It is unfortunately not possible to increase the width of the small caps
+independently of the rest of the font. If you want a really
+professional looking set of small caps, you need to acquire a small caps
+font.
+</p>
+<span id="index-PaintType"></span>
+<span id="index-outline-fonts-1"></span>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-outlined"></span>
+<p>To change the <code>PaintType</code> in a font from filled (0) to outlined
+(2), you can add <code>&quot;/PaintType 2 store&quot;</code> to <samp>psfonts.map</samp>, as
+in the following:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">rphvrl Helvetica &quot;/PaintType 2 store&quot;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Afm2tfm writes to standard output the line you need to add to
+<samp>psfonts.map</samp> to use that font, assuming the font is resident in
+the printer; if the font is not resident, you must add the
+&lsquo;<samp>&lt;<var>filename</var></samp>&rsquo; command to download the font. Each identical
+line only needs to be specified once in the &lsquo;<samp>psfonts.map</samp>&rsquo; file,
+even though many different fonts (small caps variants, or ones with
+different output encodings) may be based on it.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Afm2tfm-options"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Special-font-effects" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Special font effects</a>, Up: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking afm2tfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Afm2tfm-options-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</h4>
+
+<span id="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm"></span>
+<span id="index-afm2tfm-options"></span>
+
+<p>Synopsis:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">afm2tfm [<var>option</var>]&hellip; <var>afmfile</var>[.afm] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Afm2tfm reads <var>afmfile</var> and writes a corresponding (but &ldquo;raw&rdquo;,
+see below) TFM file. If <var>tfmfile</var> is not supplied, the base name
+of the AFM file is extended with &lsquo;<samp>.tfm</samp>&rsquo; to get the output
+filename.
+</p>
+<p>The simplest example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">afm2tfm Times-Roman rptmr
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-accents_002c-wrong"></span>
+<span id="index-raw-tfm-files"></span>
+<p>The TFM file thus created is <em>raw</em> because it omits ligature and
+kern information, and does no character remapping; it contains only
+the character information in the AFM file in TFM format, which is the form
+that TeX understands. The characters have the same code in the TFM
+file as in the AFM file. For text fonts, this means printable ASCII
+characters will work ok, but little else, because standard PostScript
+fonts have a different encoding scheme than the one that plain TeX
+expects (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). Although the encodings agree for most
+printable ASCII characters, other characters such as ligatures and
+accents vary. Thus, in practice, it&rsquo;s almost always desirable to create
+a virtual font as well with the &lsquo;<samp>-v</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>-V</samp>&rsquo; option.
+See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>.
+</p>
+<p>The command line options to Afm2tfm:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-a</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002da-1"></span>
+<span id="index-accent-height-adjustment_002c-omitting"></span>
+<p>By default, Afm2tfm looks for precomposed accented characters, such as
+tdieresis, and possibly adjusts the height of the basic letter (t)
+upward so that the result of using <code>\accent</code> (as in <code>\&quot;t</code>)
+is visually the same as the precomposed characters. The <code>-a</code>
+option omits such adjustments, so that all characters&rsquo; heights remain
+as they are given in the AFM file. (Until Afm2tfm 8.4, released in
+2016, heights could also be adjusted downward, but this is no longer
+the case.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-c <var>ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dc-ratio"></span>
+<span id="index-scaling-small-caps"></span>
+<p>See &lsquo;<samp>-V</samp>&rsquo;; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the
+scaling of small caps.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-e <var>ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002de-ratio"></span>
+<span id="index-expanded-fonts-1"></span>
+<span id="index-condensed-fonts"></span>
+<p>Stretch characters horizontally by <var>ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you
+get a condensed font.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-O</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dO"></span>
+<span id="index-octal-character-codes"></span>
+<p>Output all character codes in the &lsquo;<samp>vpl</samp>&rsquo; file as octal numbers, not
+names; this is useful for symbol or other special-purpose fonts where
+character names such as &lsquo;<samp>A</samp>&rsquo; have no meaning.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-p <var>ps-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1"></span>
+<p>Use <var>ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font;
+<var>ps-enc</var> must be mentioned as a header file for the font in
+&lsquo;<samp>psfonts.map</samp>&rsquo;.
+See <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-s <var>slant</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002ds-slant"></span>
+<span id="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making"></span>
+<p>Slant characters to the right by <var>slant</var>. If <var>slant</var> is
+negative, the letters slope to the left (or they might be upright if you
+start with an italic font).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-t <var>tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1"></span>
+<p>Use <var>tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font.
+Ligature and kern information may also be specified in <var>file</var>.
+<var>file</var> is not mentioned in <samp>psfonts.map</samp>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-T <var>ps-tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc"></span>
+<p>Use <var>ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings
+of the font. Equivalent to &lsquo;<samp>-p <var>file</var> -t <var>file</var></samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-u</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002du"></span>
+<p>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no
+others. By default, Afm2tfm tries to include all characters in the
+input font, even those not present in the TeX encoding (it puts them
+into otherwise-unused positions, arbitrarily).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-v <var>vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile"></span>
+<p>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-V <var>vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile"></span>
+<p>Same as &lsquo;<samp>-v</samp>&rsquo;, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps
+font obtained by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 to typeset
+lowercase. This font handles accented letters and retains proper
+kerning.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="psfonts_002emap"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, Up: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">PostScript fonts</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="psfonts_002emap_003a-PostScript-font-catalog"></span><h3 class="section">6.4 <samp>psfonts.map</samp>: PostScript font catalog</h3>
+
+<span id="index-psfonts_002emap-2"></span>
+<span id="index-non_002dresident-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-downloading-PostScript-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-fonts_002c-downloading"></span>
+
+<p>The <samp>psfonts.map</samp> file associates a PostScript font with related
+files and constructs. Each line has the format:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example"><var>filename</var> <var>PostScript-name</var> <var>options</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-_003c-font-downloading"></span>
+<p>For example, the line
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">rpstrn StoneInformal &lt;StoneInformal.pfb
+</pre></div>
+<p>causes Dvips to download <samp>StoneInformal.pfb</samp> (just as if it were
+a header file, see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>) if the DVI file (or a virtual
+font, see <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) references the TFM file &lsquo;<samp>rpstrn</samp>&rsquo;.
+The PostScript <code>/FontName</code> of the font defined inside the &lsquo;<samp>pfb</samp>&rsquo;
+file should be <code>StoneInformal</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-transforming-downloaded-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-expanded-fonts-2"></span>
+<span id="index-wide-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-narrow-fonts"></span>
+<p>You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">rpstrc StoneInformal &lt;StoneInformal.pfb &quot;.8 ExtendFont&quot;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>See <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, for a
+complete list of font effects.
+</p>
+<span id="index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts"></span>
+<p>You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript
+level with a &lsquo;<samp>ReEncodeFont</samp>&rsquo; instruction, plus the name of the
+encoding file. This allows you access to characters that may be present
+in the Type 1 font file, but not encoded by default&mdash;most of the
+preaccented characters, for example. An example:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">pstrn8r StoneInformal &quot;TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont&quot; &lt;8r.enc &lt;pstrn8a.pfb
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-8r-font-encoding"></span>
+<span id="index-base-encoding_002c-recommended"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>8r</samp>&rsquo; encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a
+base for all downloadable fonts; it allows access to all the characters
+commonly present in a Type 1 font. For more details, see the
+<samp>8r.enc</samp> source file that comes with (and is installed with) Dvips.
+</p>
+<span id="index-_003c_005b-encoding-vector-downloading"></span>
+<p>You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding
+vectors and Type 1 font files. To make your intentions clear, you can
+also use &lsquo;<samp>&lt;[</samp>&rsquo; to explicitly indicate you are downloading an
+encoding vector, as in:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">pstrn8r StoneInformal &quot;TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont&quot; &lt;[8r.enc &lt;pstrn8a.pfb
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-_002eenc-extension-for-encoding-vectors"></span>
+<p>If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in &lsquo;<samp>.enc</samp>&rsquo;, and
+you are using partial font downloading, you must use the &lsquo;<samp>&lt;[</samp>&rsquo;
+syntax, or Dvips will not download the font properly.
+</p>
+<span id="index-_002epfa-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"></span>
+<span id="index-_002epfb-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"></span>
+<p>Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have extension
+<samp>.pfa</samp> or <samp>.pfb</samp> for partial downloading to work properly.
+</p>
+<span id="index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked"></span>
+<p>When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB
+format into printable ASCII so there is no need to perform this
+conversion yourself. In addition, Dvips scans the font to determine its
+memory usage, just as it does for other header files (see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-partial-font-downloading"></span>
+<span id="index-downloading-fonts-partially"></span>
+<p>If the &lsquo;<samp>j</samp>&rsquo; config file or command-line option is enabled (as it
+is by default), <samp>StoneInformal.pfb</samp> will be <em>partially
+downloaded</em>&mdash;only those characters your document actually uses will
+be extracted and downloaded, and the remainder discarded.
+See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-whole-font-downloading"></span>
+<span id="index-multiple-master-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-Minion-typeface-family"></span>
+<span id="index-_003c_003c-whole-font-downloading"></span>
+<p>Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially
+downloaded. To partially download in general, but avoid partial
+downloading for individual fonts, use &lsquo;<samp>&lt;&lt;</samp>&rsquo; instead &lsquo;<samp>&lt;</samp>&rsquo;:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">pmnr8r Minion &lt;&lt;Minion.pfb
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Here is a brief summary of how <samp>psfonts.map</samp> is read:
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li> If a line is empty or begins with a space, percent, asterisk,
+semicolon, or hash mark, it is ignored.
+
+</li><li> Otherwise, the line is separated into words, where words are
+separated by spaces or tabs, except that if a word begins with a double
+quote, it extends until the next double quote or the end of the line.
+
+</li><li> If a word starts with &lsquo;<samp>&lt;&lt;</samp>&rsquo;, it is taken as a font file to be
+wholly downloaded. Use this to avoid partial downloading, as described
+above.
+
+</li><li> If a word starts with &lsquo;<samp>&lt;[</samp>&rsquo;, it is taken as an encoding file
+to be downloaded. Use this if the name of the encoding file does end in
+&lsquo;<samp>.enc</samp>&rsquo;, also as described above.
+
+</li><li> If a word starts with a &lsquo;<samp>&lt;</samp>&rsquo; character, it is
+treated as a header file that needs to be downloaded. If the name ends
+in &lsquo;<samp>.pfa</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>.pfb</samp>&rsquo;, it is taken as Type 1 font file that will
+be partially downloaded if the &lsquo;<samp>j</samp>&rsquo; option is in effect. There can
+be more than one such header for a given font. If a &lsquo;<samp>&lt;</samp>&rsquo; is a word
+by itself, the next word is taken as the name of the header file.
+
+</li><li> If a word starts with a &lsquo;<samp>&quot;</samp>&rsquo; character, it is taken as PostScript
+code used in generating that font, and is inserted into the output
+verbatim at the appropriate point. (And the double quotes beginning and
+ending the word are removed.)
+
+</li><li> Otherwise the word is a name. The first such name is the TFM
+file, that either a DVI file or a virtual font file can refer to. If
+there is a second name, it is used as the PostScript name and should
+match what is defined in the downloaded file; if there is only one
+name, it is used for both the TeX name and the PostScript name.
+
+</li></ol>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Color"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#PostScript-fonts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">PostScript fonts</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">7 Color</h2>
+
+<span id="index-color"></span>
+
+<span id="index-Hafner_002c-Jim"></span>
+<p>Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any
+color PostScript device. Initially added by Jim Hafner, IBM Research,
+<a href="mailto:hafner@almaden.ibm.com">hafner@almaden.ibm.com</a>, the color support has gone through many
+changes by Tomas Rokicki. Besides the source code support itself, there
+are additional TeX macro files: &lsquo;<samp>colordvi.tex</samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp>blackdvi.tex</samp>&rsquo;, and corresponding &lsquo;<samp>.sty</samp>&rsquo; versions for use with
+LaTeX.
+</p>
+<p>In this section we describe the use of color from the document
+preparer&rsquo;s point of view and then add some instructions on installation
+for the TeX administrator.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color-macro-files" accesskey="1">Color macro files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">TeX macro definitions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors" accesskey="2">User-definable colors</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Adding your own colors.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color-subtleties" accesskey="3">Color subtleties</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Subtleties in using color.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Ted-Turner" accesskey="4">Ted Turner</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Printing in black/white after colorizing.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color-device-configuration" accesskey="5">Color device configuration</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Configuring Dvips for color devices.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="6">Color support details</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Color support details
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Color-macro-files"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors" accesskey="n" rel="next">User-definable colors</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-macro-files-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.1 Color macro files</h3>
+
+<span id="index-macros-for-color"></span>
+<span id="index-color-macros"></span>
+
+<p>All the color macro commands are defined in &lsquo;<samp>colordvi.tex</samp>&rsquo; (or
+&lsquo;<samp>colordvi.sty</samp>&rsquo;). To access these macros simply add to the top of
+your plain TeX file the command:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\input colordvi
+</pre></div>
+<p>For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the &lsquo;<samp>colordvi</samp>&rsquo; style option as in:
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\documentstyle[12pt,colordvi]{article}
+</pre></div>
+<p>For LaTeX 2e, these examples are not applicable. Instead, please see
+the documentation for the graphics package, available from
+<samp><var>CTAN</var>:doc/latex/graphics/</samp>. See also
+<samp><var>CTAN</var>:doc/epslatex.ps</samp>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-Crayola-crayon-box"></span>
+<span id="index-Pantone-colors"></span>
+<span id="index-color-names_002c-mixed-case"></span>
+<p>These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local
+color changes (a few words, a single symbol) and one for global color
+changes (the whole document). All the color names use a mixed case
+scheme to avoid conflicts with other macros. There are 68 predefined
+colors, with names taken primarily from the Crayola crayon box of 64
+colors, and one pair of macros for the user to set his own color pattern
+(see <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>). You can browse the file
+&lsquo;<samp>colordvi.tex</samp>&rsquo; for a list of the predefined colors. The comments
+in this file also show a rough correspondence between the crayon names
+and Pantones.
+</p>
+<p>A local color command has the form
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\<var>ColorName</var>{this is the color <var>ColorName</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-_005cColorName"></span>
+<p>where <var>ColorName</var> is the name of a predefined color, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp>Blue</samp>&rsquo;. As shown, these macros take one argument, the text to
+print in the specified color. This can be used for nested color changes
+since it restores the original color state when it completes. For
+example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">This text is normal but here we are \Red{switching to red,
+\Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to original.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p><span id="index-color-nesting-level"></span>
+The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to
+nest too deeply lest you and the reader lose track of the color history.
+</p>
+<p>The global color command has the form
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\text<var>ColorName</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p><span id="index-_005ctextColorName"></span>
+These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that
+point on to <var>ColorName</var>. This of course can be overridden globally
+by another such command or locally by local color commands. For example,
+expanding on the example above, we might have
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\textGreen
+This text is green but here we are \Red{switching to red,
+\Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to
+original green.
+\textCyan
+The text from here on will be cyan until
+\Yellow{locally changed to yellow}. Now we are back to cyan.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The color commands will even work in math mode and across math mode
+boundaries. This means that if you have a color before going into math
+mode, the mathematics will be set in that color as well. In alignment
+environments like <code>\halign</code>, &lsquo;<samp>tabular</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>eqnarray</samp>&rsquo;,
+local color commands cannot extend beyond the alignment characters.
+</p>
+<p>Because local color commands respect only some environment and
+delimiter changes besides their own, care must be taken in setting
+their scope. It is best not to have them stretch too far.
+</p>
+<p>At the present time there are no macros for color environments in LaTeX
+which might have a larger range. This is primarily to keep the TeX
+and LaTeX use compatible.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="User_002ddefinable-colors"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Color-subtleties" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color subtleties</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color-macro-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color macro files</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="User_002ddefinable-colors-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.2 User-definable colors</h3>
+
+<span id="index-user_002ddefinable-colors"></span>
+<span id="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable"></span>
+
+<p>There are two ways for the user to specify colors not already defined.
+For local changes, there is the command <code>\Color</code> which takes two
+arguments. The first argument is four numbers between zero and one and
+specifies the intensity of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) in
+that order. The second argument is the text that should appear in the
+given color. For example, suppose you want the words &ldquo;this color is
+pretty&rdquo; to appear in a color which is 50% cyan, 85% magenta, 40% yellow
+and 20% black. You would use the command
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\Color{.5 .85 .4 .2}{this color is pretty}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>For global color changes, there is a command <code>\textColor</code> which
+takes one argument, the CMYK quadruple of relative color intensities.
+For example, if you want the default color to be as above, then the
+command
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\textColor{.5 .85 .4 .2}
+The text from now on will be this pretty color
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will do the trick.
+</p>
+<p>Making a global color change in the midst of nested local colors is
+highly discouraged. Consequently, Dvips will give you warning message
+and do its best to recover by discarding the current color history.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Color-subtleties"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Ted-Turner" accesskey="n" rel="next">Ted Turner</a>, Previous: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">User-definable colors</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-subtleties-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.3 Color subtleties</h3>
+
+<span id="index-color-subtleties"></span>
+
+<p>Color macros are defined via <code>\special</code> keywords. As such, they
+are put in the &lsquo;<samp>.dvi</samp>&rsquo; file only as explicit message strings to the
+driver. The (unpleasant) result is that certain unprotected regions of
+the text can have unwanted color side effects. For example, if a color
+region is split by TeX across a page boundary, then the footers of
+the current page (e.g., the page number) and the headers of the next
+page can inherit that color. To avoid this effect globally, users
+should make sure that these special regions of the text are defined with
+their own local color commands. For example, to protect the
+header and footer in plain TeX, use
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\headline{\Black{My Header}}
+\footline{\Black{\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This warning also applies to figures and other insertions, so be careful!
+</p>
+<p>Of course, in LaTeX, this is much more difficult to do because of the
+complexity of the macros that control these regions. This is
+unfortunate but inevitable, because TeX and LaTeX were
+not written with color in mind.
+</p>
+<p>Even when writing your own macros, much care must be taken. The macros
+that &lsquo;colorize&rsquo; a portion of the text work prefix the text work by
+outputting one <code>\special</code> command to turn the color on before the
+text, and outputting another <code>\special</code> command afterwards to
+restore the original color. It is often useful to ensure that TeX is
+in horizontal mode before the first special command is issued; this can
+be done by prefixing the color command with <code>\leavevmode</code>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Ted-Turner"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Color-device-configuration" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color device configuration</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color-subtleties" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color subtleties</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Printing-in-black_002fwhite-after-colorizing"></span><h3 class="section">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</h3>
+
+<p>If you have a TeX or LaTeX document written with color macros and
+you want to print it in black and white there are two options. On all
+(good) PostScript devices, printing a color file will print in
+corresponding gray levels. This is useful to get a rough idea of the
+colors without using expensive color printing devices. The second
+option is to replace the call to input <samp>colordvi.tex</samp> with
+&lsquo;<samp>blackdvi.tex</samp>&rsquo; (and similarly for the &lsquo;<samp>.sty</samp>&rsquo; files). So in
+the above example, replacing the word &lsquo;<samp>colordvi</samp>&rsquo; with
+&lsquo;<samp>blackdvi</samp>&rsquo; suffices. <samp>blackdvi.tex</samp> defines the color macros
+as no-ops, and so will produce normal black/white printing. By this
+simple mechanism, the user can switch to all black/white printing
+without having to ferret out the color commands. Also, some device
+drivers, particularly non-PostScript ones like screen previewers, will
+simply ignore the color commands and so print in black/white.
+Hopefully, in the future screen previewers for color displays will be
+compatible with some form of color support.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Color-device-configuration"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color support details</a>, Previous: <a href="#Ted-Turner" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Ted Turner</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-device-configuration-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.5 Color device configuration</h3>
+
+<span id="index-color-configuration"></span>
+<span id="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices"></span>
+
+<p>To configure Dvips for a particular color device you need to fine tune
+the color parameters to match your device&rsquo;s color rendition. To do this,
+you will need a Pantone chart for your device. The header file
+&lsquo;<samp>color.lpro</samp>&rsquo; shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola
+crayon names and the Pantone numbers and also defines default CMYK
+values for each of the colors. Note that these colors must be defined
+in CMYK terms and not RGB, as Dvips outputs PostScript color commands in
+CMYK. This header file also defines (if they are not known to the
+interpreter) the PostScript commands &lsquo;<samp>setcmykcolor</samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp>currentcmykcolor</samp>&rsquo; in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device
+only understands RGB, there should be no problem.
+</p>
+<span id="index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration"></span>
+<span id="index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration"></span>
+<p>The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the Pantone
+chart of a Tektronix Phaser printer with the actual Crayola Crayons.
+Because these were defined for a particular device, the actual color
+rendition on your device may be very different. There are two ways to
+adjust this. One is to use the PAntone chart for your device to rewrite
+&lsquo;<samp>color.lpro</samp>&rsquo; prior to compilation and installation. A better
+alternative, which supports multiple devices, is to add a header file
+option in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>)
+for each device that defines, in &lsquo;<samp>userdict</samp>&rsquo;, the color parameters
+for those colors that need redefining.
+</p>
+<p>For example, if you need to change the parameters defining
+&lsquo;<samp>Goldenrod</samp>&rsquo; (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your
+device &lsquo;<samp>mycolordev</samp>&rsquo;, do the following. In the Pantone chart for
+your device, find the CMYK values for Pantone 109. Let&rsquo;s say they are
+&lsquo;<samp>{\ 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 }</samp>&rsquo;. Then create a header file named
+&lsquo;<samp>mycolordev.pro</samp>&rsquo; with the commands
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">userdict begin
+/Goldenrod { 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 setcmykcolor} bind def
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Finally, in &lsquo;<samp>config.mycolordev</samp>&rsquo; add the line
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">h mycolordev.pro
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This will then define &lsquo;<samp>Goldenrod</samp>&rsquo; in your device&rsquo;s CMYK values in
+<samp>userdict</samp> which is checked before defining it in <samp>TeXdict</samp> by
+<samp>color.pro</samp>. (On MS-DOS, you will have to call this file
+<samp>mycolordev.cfg</samp>.)
+</p>
+<p>This mechanism, together with additions to <samp>colordvi.tex</samp> and
+<samp>blackdvi.tex</samp> (and the &lsquo;<samp>.sty</samp>&rsquo; files), can also be used to
+predefine other colors for your users.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Color-support-details"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Color-device-configuration" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color device configuration</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-support-details-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.6 Color support details</h3>
+
+<p>To support color, Dvips recognizes a certain set of specials. These
+specials start with the keyword &lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; or the keyword
+&lsquo;<samp>background</samp>&rsquo;, followed by a color specification.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color-specifications" accesskey="1">Color specifications</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color-specials" accesskey="2">Color specials</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Color-specifications"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Color-specials" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color specials</a>, Up: <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color support details</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-specifications-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.1 Color specifications</h4>
+
+<span id="index-color-specifications"></span>
+
+<p>What is a color specification? One of three things. First, it might be
+a PostScript procedure as defined in a PostScript header file. The
+<samp>color.pro</samp> file defines 64 of these, including &lsquo;<samp>Maroon</samp>&rsquo;.
+This PostScript procedure must set the current color to be some value;
+in this case, &lsquo;<samp>Maroon</samp>&rsquo; is defined as &lsquo;<samp>0 0.87 0.68 0.32
+setcmykcolor</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>The second possibility is the name of a color model (initially, one of
+&lsquo;<samp>rgb</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>hsb</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>cmyk</samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp>gray</samp>&rsquo;) followed by the
+appropriate number of parameters. When Dvips encounters such a macro,
+it sends out the parameters first, followed by the string created by
+prefixing &lsquo;<samp>TeXcolor</samp>&rsquo; to the color model. Thus, the color
+specification &lsquo;<samp>rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</samp>&rsquo; would generate the PostScript code
+&lsquo;<samp>0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor</samp>&rsquo;. Note that the case of zero arguments is
+disallowed, as that is handled by the single keyword case
+(&lsquo;<samp>Maroon</samp>&rsquo;) above, where no changes to the name are made before it
+is sent to the PostScript file.
+</p>
+<p>The third and final type of color specification is a double quote
+followed by any sequence of PostScript. The double quote is stripped
+from the output. For instance, the color specification
+&lsquo;<samp>&quot;AggiePattern setpattern</samp>&rsquo; will set the &lsquo;color&rsquo; to the Aggie logo
+pattern (assuming such exists.)
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Color-specials"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Color-specifications" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color specifications</a>, Up: <a href="#Color-support-details" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color support details</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-specials-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.2 Color specials</h4>
+
+<p>We will describe &lsquo;<samp>background</samp>&rsquo; first, since it is the simplest. The
+&lsquo;<samp>background</samp>&rsquo; keyword must be followed by a color specification.
+That color specification is used as a fill color for the background.
+The last &lsquo;<samp>background</samp>&rsquo; special on a page is the one that gets
+issued, and it gets issued at the very beginning of the page, before any
+text or specials are sent. (This is possible because the prescan phase
+of Dvips notices all of the color specials so that the appropriate
+information can be written out during the second phase.)
+</p>
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; special itself has three forms.
+The first is just &lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification. In
+this case, the current global color is set to that color; the color stack
+must be empty when such a command is executed.
+</p>
+<p>The second form is &lsquo;<samp>color push</samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification.
+This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be
+that given by the color specification. This is the most common way to
+set a color.
+</p>
+<p>The final version of the &lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; special is just &lsquo;<samp>color pop</samp>&rsquo;,
+with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on
+the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be
+that color.
+</p>
+<p>Dvips correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when the
+pages are repeated or reversed.
+</p>
+<p>These color specials can be used for things such as patterns or screens
+as well as simple colors. However, note that in the PostScript, only
+one color specification can be active at a time. For instance, at the
+beginning of a page, only the bottommost entry on the color stack is
+sent; also, when a color is popped, all that is done is that the color
+specification from the previous stack entry is sent. No &lsquo;<samp>gsave</samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp>grestore</samp>&rsquo; is used. This means that you cannot easily mix usage of
+the &lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; specials for screens and colors, just one or the other.
+This may be addressed in the future by adding support for different
+categories of color-like state.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Index"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Color" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Index-1"></span><h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2>
+
+<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>!</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>&quot;</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>%</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>(</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>+</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>-</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>.</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>/</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>6</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>8</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>&lt;</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>=</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>@</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>\</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>|</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<br>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-J"><b>J</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Y"><b>Y</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+</td></tr></table>
+<table class="index-cp" border="0">
+<tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">!</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0021-special-_0028literal-PS-header_0029"><code>! <span class="roman">special (literal PS header)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0021-starting-output-filename"><code>! <span class="roman">starting output filename</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-2">&quot;</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0022-special-_0028literal-PostScript_0029"><code>&quot; <span class="roman">special (literal PostScript)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_0022-special">&quot; special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-3">%</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025BoundingBox"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information"><code>%%Page<span class="roman">, and multi-page information</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-not-generating"><code>%%Page<span class="roman">, not generating</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-removing"><code>%%Page<span class="roman">, removing</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025Page_002c-required-by-Ghostview"><code>%%Page<span class="roman">, required by Ghostview</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_0025VMusage"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0025_002aFont"><code>%*Font</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-4">(</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0028atend_0029_002c-bounding-box-specification"><code>(atend)<span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-5">+</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002bpsmapfile"><code>+<var>psmapfile</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-6">-</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d"><code>-</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d-as-output-filename"><code>- <span class="roman">as output filename</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp"><code>--help</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dhelp-1"><code>--help</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002d_002dversion"><code>--version</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002da"><code>-a</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dA"><code>-A</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002da-1"><code>-a</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dB"><code>-B</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002db-num"><code>-b <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dc-num"><code>-c <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dC-num"><code>-C <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dc-ratio"><code>-c <var>ratio</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dd-num"><code>-d <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dD-num"><code>-D <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dE"><code>-E</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002de-num"><code>-e <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002de-ratio"><code>-e <var>ratio</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002df"><code>-f</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dF"><code>-F</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dG"><code>-G</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dh-name"><code>-h <var>name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002di"><code>-i</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dj-for-partial-font-downloading"><code>-j <span class="roman">for partial font downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dK"><code>-K</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dk-for-cropmarks"><code>-k <span class="roman">for cropmarks</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dL"><code>-L</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dl-_005b_003d_005dnum"><code>-l [=]<var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dm"><code>-m</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dM"><code>-M</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmode"><code>-mode</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dmode-mode"><code>-mode <var>mode</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dN"><code>-N</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dn-num"><code>-n <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dnoomega"><code>-noomega</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dnoptex"><code>-noptex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dO"><code>-O</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002do-name"><code>-o <var>name</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dO-x_002doffset_002cy_002doffset"><code>-O <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dP-printer"><code>-P <var>printer</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dp-ps_002denc"><code>-p <var>ps-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dp-ps_002denc-1"><code>-p <var>ps-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dp-_005b_003d_005dnum"><code>-p [=]<var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dpp-first_002dlast"><code>-pp <var>first</var>-<var>last</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dpp-range"><code>-pp <var>range</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dPprinter_002c-and-config-file-searching"><code>-P<var>printer</var><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dq"><code>-q</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dr"><code>-r</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dR"><code>-R</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ds"><code>-s</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dS-num"><code>-S <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ds-slant"><code>-s <var>slant</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dT-enc_002dfile"><code>-T <var>enc-file</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dT-hsize_002cvsize"><code>-T <var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dt-papertype"><code>-t <var>papertype</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dT-ps_002dtex_002denc"><code>-T <var>ps-tex-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dt-tex_002denc"><code>-t <var>tex-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dt-tex_002denc-1"><code>-t <var>tex-enc</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dU"><code>-U</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002du"><code>-u</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002du-psmapfile"><code>-u <var>psmapfile</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dv"><code>-v</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dV"><code>-V</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dv-vpl_002dfile"><code>-v <var>vpl-file</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dV-vpl_002dfile"><code>-V <var>vpl-file</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dx-num"><code>-x <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dX-num"><code>-X <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dY-num"><code>-Y <var>num</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dz"><code>-z</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dZ-for-compressing-bitmap-fonts"><code>-Z <span class="roman">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002dz-for-recognizing-hyperdvi"><code>-z <span class="roman">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-7">.</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002e_002e_002drelative-filenames"><samp>..</samp>-relative filenames</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eafm-Adobe-metric-files"><code>.afm <span class="roman">Adobe metric files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002edvipsrc_002c-searched-for"><code>.dvipsrc<span class="roman">, searched for</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eenc-extension-for-encoding-vectors"><code>.enc <span class="roman">extension for encoding vectors</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002elpro-long-prologue-files"><code>.lpro <span class="roman">long prologue files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002emf-Metafont-source-files"><code>.mf <span class="roman">Metafont source files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ennnpk-packed-font-bitmaps"><code>.<var>nnn</var>pk <span class="roman">packed font bitmaps</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfa-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"><code>.pfa <span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfa-printer-font-ascii-files"><code>.pfa <span class="roman">printer font ascii files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfb-extension-required-for-partial-downloading"><code>.pfb <span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfb-printer-font-binary-files"><code>.pfb <span class="roman">printer font binary files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epfm-printer-font-metric-files"><code>.pfm <span class="roman">printer font metric files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epl-property-list-files"><code>.pl <span class="roman">property list files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epro-prologue-files"><code>.pro <span class="roman">prologue files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etfm-TeX-font-metric-files"><code>.tfm <span class="roman">TeX font metric files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-8">/</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002f_0023copies"><code>/#copies</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002f_0023copies-1"><code>/#copies</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002fmagscale"><code>/magscale</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-9">6</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-612-792-bounding-box-size"><code>612 792 <span class="roman">bounding box size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-10">8</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-8r-encoding_002c-and-extra-characters"><code>8r <span class="roman">encoding, and extra characters</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-8r-font-encoding">8r font encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-8r_002eenc"><code>8r.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-11">&lt;</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003c-font-downloading"><code>&lt; <span class="roman">font downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003c_003c-whole-font-downloading"><code>&lt;&lt; <span class="roman">whole font downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003c_005b-encoding-vector-downloading"><code>&lt;[ <span class="roman">encoding vector downloading</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-12">=</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_003d_003a-ligature-operation"><code>=: <span class="roman">ligature operation</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-13">@</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040-config-command-_0028define-paper-sizes_0029"><code>@ <span class="roman">config command (define paper sizes)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-14">\</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_002e"><code>\.</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cAA"><code>\AA</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cColorName"><code>\<var>ColorName</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cdot"><code>\dot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsffile-macro"><code>\epsffile <span class="roman">macro</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsfsize"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsfverbosetrue"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsfxsize"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cepsfysize"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cH"><code>\H</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cincludegraphics-LaTeX-macro">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cleavevmode"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cmagnification"><code>\magnification</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005crotninety"><code>\rotninety</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextColorName"><code>\text<var>ColorName</var></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-15">|</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007c-starting-output-filename"><code>| <span class="roman">starting output filename</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a-config-command-_0028conserve-memory_0029"><code>a <span class="roman">config command (conserve memory)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a3-papertype">a3 papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a4-paper-size"><code>a4 <span class="roman">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a4-papertype">a4 papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-A4size-paper-size"><code>A4size <span class="roman">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling">absolute filenames, disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp>-l</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accent-height-adjustment_002c-omitting">accent height adjustment, omitting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position">accents, in wrong position</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong">accents, wrong</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-accuracy-in-positioning">accuracy in positioning</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afm-files">afm files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afm2tfm"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afm2tfm-1"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options">afm2tfm options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code">after header, inserting code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Aladdin-Ghostscript">Aladdin Ghostscript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie">Anderson, Laurie</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-angle-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>angle <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arcs">arcs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-atend_002c-bounding-box-specification"><code>atend<span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-b-config-command-_0028_0023copies_0029"><code>b <span class="roman">config command (#copies)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base"><code>base</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended">base encoding, recommended</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-fonts">base fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bbfig"><code>bbfig</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code">before header, inserting code</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-big-points">big points</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-binary-files_002c-not-supported">binary files, not supported</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts">bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop-undefined-error"><tt>bop undefined</tt> error</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook"><code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-1"><code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-2"><code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bop_002dhook_002c-and-offset-pages"><code>bop-hook<span class="roman">, and offset pages</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boundary-character">boundary character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for">bounding box, comment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined">bounding box, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining">bounding box, determining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight">bounding box, finding tight</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate">bounding box, inaccurate</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-TeX-1">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-c-config-command-_0028include-another-config-file_0029"><code>c <span class="roman">config command (include another config file)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings">changing PostScript encodings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-changing-TeX-encodings">changing TeX encodings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript">character definitions in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CharStrings-Type-1-dictionary"><code>CharStrings <span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-clip-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>clip <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF">clipping of EPSF</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-collated-copies">collated copies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color">color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-configuration">color configuration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-macros">color macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case">color names, mixed case</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-nesting-level">color nesting level</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-separations">color separations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-specifications">color specifications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-subtleties">color subtleties</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable">colors, user-definable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from">command line, including headers from</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-options">command-line options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files">comments, in configuration files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files">comments, in encoding files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comments_002c-removing-included">comments, removing included</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compilation">compilation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript">compressed PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts">compressing bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-condensed-fonts">condensed fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eproto"><code>config.proto</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eps"><code>config.ps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eps-installation"><code>config.ps <span class="roman">installation</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eps-paper-sizes"><code>config.ps <span class="roman">paper sizes</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-config_002eps_002c-searched-for"><code>config.ps<span class="roman">, searched for</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-options">configuration file options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command">configuration file paper size command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-path">configuration file path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching">configuration file searching</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-files">configuration files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-creating">configuration files, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-prototype">configuration files, prototype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices">configuration, of color devices</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips">configuration, of Dvips</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported">continuation lines, not supported</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-control_002dD">control-D</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-copies_002c-collated">copies, collated</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies">copies, duplicated page bodies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-copies_002c-uncollated">copies, uncollated</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box">Crayola crayon box</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-crop_002epro"><code>crop.pro</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cropmarks">cropmarks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript">current font, in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-D-config-command-_0028dpi_0029"><code>D <span class="roman">config command (dpi)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dated-output">dated output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output">datestamp, in output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging">debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging-1">debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging-options">debugging options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-default-resolutions">default resolutions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-Make-variable"><code>default_texsizes <span class="roman">Make variable</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Deutsch_002c-Peter">Deutsch, Peter</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-CharStrings">dictionary, <code>CharStrings</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language">dictionary, PostScript language</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-SDict">dictionary, <code>SDict</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-userdict">dictionary, <code>userdict</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_002dz">distillation, and &lsquo;<samp>-z</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files">distiller, for PDF files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dot-accent">dot accent</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-double_002dsided-printing">double-sided printing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially">downloading fonts partially</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts">downloading PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark">Doyle, Mark</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-draft-copies">draft copies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays">dual paper trays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-duplex-printers">duplex printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVI-magnification">DVI magnification</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvihps_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript"><code>dvihps<span class="roman">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options">Dvips configuration file options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG"><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_002c-overrides-H"><code>DVIPSHEADERS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> H</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSRC"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_002c-overrides-R"><code>DVIPSSIZES<span class="roman">, overrides</span> R</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics">dynamic creation of graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-e-config-command-_0028maxdrift_0029"><code>e <span class="roman">config command (maxdrift)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-E-config-command-_0028shell-escape_0029"><code>E <span class="roman">config command (shell escape)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts">efficiency, and fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ehandler_002eps"><code>ehandler.ps</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-changes">encoding changes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-file-format">encoding file format</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-files">encoding files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Encoding-Type-1-dictionary"><code>Encoding <span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined">encoding vectors, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-encodings">encodings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-end_002dhook"><code>end-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-environment-variables">environment variables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EOF">EOF</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eop_002dhook"><code>eop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview">EPS, and Ghostview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EPSF_002c-generating">EPSF, generating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-epsf_002esty"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-epsf_002etex"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Epson-printers">Epson printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-error-messages-from-printer">error messages from printer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-even-pages-only">even pages only</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript">examples of literal PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts">expanded fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-1">expanded fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-2">expanded fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extended-URL">extended URL</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ExtendFont"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing">extra characters, accessing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-f-config-command-_0028filter_0029"><code>f <span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-F-config-command-_0028filter_0029"><code>F <span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors">failure, and printer errors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-failure_002c-of-long-documents">failure, of long documents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics">failure, to include graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all">failure, to print at all</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions">fallback resolutions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts">figures and fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size">figures, natural size</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling">figures, scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filter_002c-running-as-a">filter, running as a</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-first-page-printed">first page printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-concepts">font concepts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding">font generation, avoiding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fontinst"><code>fontinst</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files">fonts, as header files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of">fonts, changing encoding of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading">fonts, downloading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded">fonts, expanded</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript">fonts, installation of PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing">fonts, installing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined">fonts, outlined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted">fonts, slanted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps">fonts, small caps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript">fonts, system PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-G-config-command-_0028character-shifting_0029"><code>G <span class="roman">config command (character shifting)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gf-files">gf files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gftopk"><code>gftopk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ghostview"><code>ghostview</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-N">Ghostview, and no &lsquo;<samp>N</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-glyph-files">glyph files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>GLYPHFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gnuplot"><code>gnuplot</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-fails">graphics inclusion fails</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gs-installation"><code>gs <span class="roman">installation</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gsave_002fgrestore_002c-and-literal-PS"><code>gsave<span class="roman">/</span>grestore<span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gsftopk"><code>gsftopk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-h-config-command-_0028download-additional-header_0029"><code>h <span class="roman">config command (download additional header)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-H-config-command-_0028PostScript-header-path_0029"><code>H <span class="roman">config command (PostScript header path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim">Hafner, Jim</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color">Color</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header-file_002c-downloading">header file, downloading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined">header files, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining">header path, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-header_003dfile-_005cspecial"><code>header=<var>file</var> \special</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage">headers and memory usage</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line">headers, including from the command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-TeX">headers, including in TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hints">hints</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hoffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hoffset <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-href"><code>href</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hscale <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>hsize <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-html-specials"><code>html <span class="roman">specials</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-html-specials_002c-and-_002dz"><code>html <span class="roman">specials, and &lsquo;<samp>-z</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-http_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi"><code><code>http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-http_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex"><code><code>http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex</code></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut">Hungarian umlaut</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats">hypertext caveats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-1">hypertext caveats</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-specials">hypertext specials</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-support">hypertext support</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-i-config-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029"><code>i <span class="roman">config command (pages/section)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idvi-Java-DVI-reader"><code>idvi <span class="roman">Java DVI reader</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for">Illustrator, workaround for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-img"><code>img</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-including-graphics-fails">including graphics fails</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line">including headers from the command line</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-including-headers-in-TeX">including headers in TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installation-of-config_002eps">installation of <samp>config.ps</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts">installation of PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-Dvips">installation, of Dvips</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installing-fonts">installing fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript">interaction with PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-inverted-output">inverted output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-invoking-Dvips">invoking Dvips</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-J">J</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-j-config-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029"><code>j <span class="roman">config command (partial font downloading)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Java-DVI-reader">Java DVI reader</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan">Jeffrey, Alan</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-K">K</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-K-config-command-_0028comment-removal_0029"><code>K <span class="roman">config command (comment removal)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined">kerning, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-L-config-command-_0028last-paper-size-wins_0029"><code>L <span class="roman">config command (last paper size wins)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined">landscape orientation, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-landscape-papertype">landscape papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-landscape_002c-as-_005cspecial"><code>landscape<span class="roman">, as <code>\special</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-last-page-printed">last page printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-DVIPSSIZES">last-resort font scaling, with <code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-R">last-resort scaling, with <code>R</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ledger-papertype">ledger papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-legal-papertype">legal papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letter-paper-size"><code>letter <span class="roman">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letter-papertype">letter papertype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letterhead-tray">letterhead tray</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letterSize-paper-size"><code>letterSize <span class="roman">paper size</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ligature-operations">ligature operations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined">ligature, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LIGKERN-encoding-file-command"><code>LIGKERN <span class="roman">encoding file command</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width">lines in figures, wrong width</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext">links, hypertext</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-literal-headers">literal headers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples">literal PostScript, examples</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using">literal PostScript, using</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-llx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>llx <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lly-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>lly <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-long-documents-not-printing">long documents not printing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-low-characters_002c-shifting">low characters, shifting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation">lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-m-config-command-_0028available-memory_0029"><code>m <span class="roman">config command (available memory)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-M-config-command-_0028mf-mode_0029"><code>M <span class="roman">config command (mf mode)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macros-for-color">macros for color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion">macros for epsf inclusion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-1">macros for epsf inclusion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI">magnification, DVI</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI">magnification, overriding DVI</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical">magnification, vertical</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mailcap-and-hypertext"><code>mailcap <span class="roman">and hypertext</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-manual-feed">manual feed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-maxdrift">maxdrift</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-maximum-pages-printed">maximum pages printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-media">media</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-available">memory available</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-of-printer-exhausted">memory of printer exhausted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers">memory usage, and headers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory_002c-conserving">memory, conserving</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations">Metafont ligature operations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying">Metafont mode, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files">Metafont source files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-metric-files">metric files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family">Minion typeface family</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-missfont_002elog"><code>missfont.log</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer">Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"><code>mktexpk<span class="roman">, avoiding</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-changing-name"><code>mktexpk<span class="roman">, changing name</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying">mode name, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mtpk"><code>mtpk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts">multiple master fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiple-output-files">multiple output files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays">multiple paper trays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim">Murphy, Tim</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-N--config-command-_0028disable-EPS_0029"><code>N <span class="roman"> config command (disable EPS)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-name"><code>name</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-narrow-fonts">narrow fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-no-output-at-all">no output at all</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting">non-printing characters, shifting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts">non-resident fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nopaper_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"><code>nopaper<span class="roman">, paper format for &lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-o-config-command-_0028output-destination_0029"><code>o <span class="roman">config command (output destination)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-O-config-command-_0028page-offsets_0029"><code>O <span class="roman">config command (page offsets)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-oblique-fonts">oblique fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-octal-character-codes">octal character codes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-odd-pages-only">odd pages only</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-offset-pages">offset pages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Omega-extensions">Omega extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of">option, details of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-debugging">options, debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-Dvips">options, Dvips</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input">options, reading from standard input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-summary">options, summary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm">options, to Afm2tfm</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-outline-fonts">outline fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-outline-fonts-1">outline fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of">output file, sectioning of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting">output file, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-files_002c-multiple">output files, multiple</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-inverted">output, inverted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-none">output, none</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting">output, redirecting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-too-small">output, too small</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-p-config-command-_0028font-aliases_0029"><code>p <span class="roman">config command (font aliases)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-P-config-command-_0028PK-path_0029"><code>P <span class="roman">config command (PK path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-range">page range</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed">page, first printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed">page, last printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pages_002c-maximum-printed">pages, maximum printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PaintType"><code>PaintType</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Pantone-colors">Pantone colors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command">paper size configuration file command</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-default">paper size, default</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general">paper size, general</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-trays">paper trays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paper-type">paper type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-papersize-special"><code>papersize <span class="roman">special</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_002dt">papersize special, and no &lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-first-vs_002e-last">&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special, first vs. last</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading">partial font downloading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality">PDF files, font quality</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making">PDF files, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-1">PDF files, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for">PDF files, option for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfmark"><code>pdfmark</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pfa-files">pfa files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pfb-files">pfb files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pfm-files">pfm files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp>-l</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-bop_002dhook">physical page number, and <code>bop-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pipes_002c-not-readable">pipes, not readable</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pk-files">pk files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PKFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>PKFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-plotfile_002c-ps-subspecial"><code>plotfile<span class="roman">, &lsquo;<samp>ps</samp>&rsquo; subspecial</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pltotf"><code>pltotf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-popen-for-output"><code>popen <span class="roman">for output</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined">portrait orientation, defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-positioning-accuracy">positioning accuracy</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-post-code-after-headers"><code>post <span class="roman">code after headers</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal">PostScript code, literal</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding">PostScript encoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing">PostScript encoding, changing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file">PostScript font alias file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-1">PostScript font alias file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing">PostScript fonts, installing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system">PostScript fonts, on your system</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files">PostScript header files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction">PostScript interaction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-previewers">PostScript previewers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-units">PostScript units</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation">PowerPage PostScript implementation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pre-code-before-headers"><code>pre <span class="roman">code before headers</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-previewing-Dvips-output">previewing Dvips output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PRINTER"><code>PRINTER</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-configuration">printer configuration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype">printer configuration file, prototype</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-errors">printer errors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-memory">printer memory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-memory-exhausted">printer memory exhausted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer-offset">printer offset</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PRINTER_002c-and-config-file-searching"><code>PRINTER<span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PRINTER_002c-avoided-with-_002df"><code>PRINTER<span class="roman">, avoided with &lsquo;<samp>-f</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printer_002c-driving-directly">printer, driving directly</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-problems">problems</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-property-list-files">property list files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-prototype-printer-configuration-file">prototype printer configuration file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ps-special"><code>ps <span class="roman">special</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfile-special"><code>psfile <span class="roman">special</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-1"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-2"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psheaderdir"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psi-character-missing">psi character missing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pstopk"><code>pstopk</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pTeX-extensions">pTeX extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pTeX-extensions-1">pTeX extensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"><code>q <span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Q-config-command-_0028quiet_0029"><code>Q <span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quiet-operation">quiet operation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-R-config-command-_0028fallback-resolution_0029"><code>R <span class="roman">config command (fallback resolution)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-r-config-command-_0028page-reversal_0029"><code>r <span class="roman">config command (page reversal)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raw-tfm-files">raw tfm files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reencoding">reencoding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-registered-character_002c-accessing"><code>registered <span class="roman">character, accessing</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-remapping">remapping</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-1">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resolution">resolution</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resolution-1">resolution</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting">resolution, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reverse-pagination">reverse pagination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rhi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>rhi <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas">Rokicki, Tomas</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rotate_002etex"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rwi-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>rwi <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-s-config-command-_0028global-save_002frestore_0029"><code>s <span class="roman">config command (global save/restore)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-S-config-command-_0028pict-path_0029"><code>S <span class="roman">config command (pict path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output">save/restore, and inverted output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-literal-PS"><code>save<span class="roman">/</span>restore<span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials">save/restore, and specials</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global">save/restore, generating global</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaleunit"><code>scaleunit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures">scaling of figures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps">scaling small caps</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring">Scandinavian A ring</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting">screen frequencies, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SDict"><code>SDict</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SDict-dictionary"><code>SDict <span class="roman">dictionary</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of">searching config files, order of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory">sections of output file, and memory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files">sections output, in separate files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-security">security</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling">shell command execution, disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file">shell escape, in config file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer">Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#No-output">No output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-show-PostScript-operator"><code>show <span class="roman">PostScript operator</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-silent-operation">silent operation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slanted-fonts">slanted fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making">slanted fonts, making</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SlantFont"><code>SlantFont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts">small caps fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur">Smith, Arthur</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing">spaces, dropped trailing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext">specials, hypertext</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-splines">splines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spooler_002c-lacking">spooler, lacking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS">spooling to lpr on MS-DOS</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-I_002fO">standard I/O</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from">standard input, reading options from</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to">standard output, output to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview">standard PostScript, required by Ghostview</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-start_002dhook"><code>start-hook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-structured-comments">structured comments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-system-in-config-file"><code>system <span class="roman">in config file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-T-config-command-_0028TFM-path_0029"><code>T <span class="roman">config command (TFM path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-testpage_002etex"><code>testpage.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX-encoding_002c-changing">TeX encoding, changing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX_002c-including-headers-in">TeX, including headers in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-P"><code>TEXFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_002c-overrides-T"><code>TEXFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> T</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_002c-overrides-S"><code>TEXINPUTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> S</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-1"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_002c-overrides-S"><code>TEXPICTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> S</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXPKS_002c-overrides-P"><code>TEXPKS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> P</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_002c-overrides-R"><code>TEXSIZES<span class="roman">, overrides</span> R</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off">text in figures, chopped off</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tfm-files">tfm files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_002c-overrides-T"><code>TFMFONTS<span class="roman">, overrides</span> T</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tftopl"><code>tftopl</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Theisen_002c-Tim">Theisen, Tim</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding">tight bounding box, finding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-too_002dsmall-output">too-small output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trademark-character_002c-accessing"><code>trademark <span class="roman">character, accessing</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped">trailing spaces, dropped</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TranScript">TranScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts">transforming downloaded fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trouble">trouble</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts">Type 1 fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript">typesetting in PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-U">U</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-U-config-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029"><code>U <span class="roman">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uncollated-copies">uncollated copies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript">uncompressing PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator">uniform resource locator</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt"><code>unknown<span class="roman">, paper format for &lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#papersize-special">&lsquo;<samp>papersize</samp>&rsquo; special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unknown_002c-paper-format-for-_002dt-1"><code>unknown<span class="roman">, paper format for &lsquo;<samp>-t</samp>&rsquo;</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition">URL, definition</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-TeX">URL, extended for TeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-urx-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>urx <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ury-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>ury <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-usage_002c-basic">usage, basic</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors">user-definable colors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-userdict_002c-and-dictionary-files"><code>userdict<span class="roman">, and dictionary files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-userdict_002c-used-for-header-files">userdict<span class="roman">, used for header files</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-V">V</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-V-config-command-_0028vf-path_0029"><code>V <span class="roman">config command (vf path)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing">verbose EPSF processing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vf-files">vf files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion">virtual font expansion</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-font-path">virtual font path</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-fonts">virtual fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating">virtual fonts, creating</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VM-exhausted">VM exhausted</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-VMusage"><code>VMusage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-voffset-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>voffset <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vpl-files">vpl files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vptovf"><code>vptovf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vscale-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>vscale <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vsize-_0028psfile-special-option_0029"><code>vsize <span class="roman">(&lsquo;<samp>psfile</samp>&rsquo; special option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-W-config-command-_0028emit-warning_0029"><code>W <span class="roman">config command (emit warning)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining">warning messages, defining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading">whole font downloading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-wide-fonts">wide fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-X">X</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-X-config-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029"><code>X <span class="roman">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Xerox-4045">Xerox 4045</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Y">Y</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Y-config-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029"><code>Y <span class="roman">config command (vertical resolution)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Z">Z</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Z-config-command-_0028compress-fonts_0029"><code>Z <span class="roman">config command (compress fonts)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-z-config-command-_0028secure-mode_0029"><code>z <span class="roman">config command (secure mode)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+</table>
+<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>!</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-2"><b>&quot;</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-3"><b>%</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-4"><b>(</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-5"><b>+</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-6"><b>-</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-7"><b>.</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-8"><b>/</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-9"><b>6</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-10"><b>8</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-11"><b>&lt;</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-12"><b>=</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-13"><b>@</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-14"><b>\</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-15"><b>|</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<br>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-J"><b>J</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Y"><b>Y</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+</td></tr></table>
+
+<hr>
+
+
+
+</body>
+</html>