diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'macros/luatex/optex/doc/optex-doc.tex')
| -rw-r--r-- | macros/luatex/optex/doc/optex-doc.tex | 1817 |
1 files changed, 52 insertions, 1765 deletions
diff --git a/macros/luatex/optex/doc/optex-doc.tex b/macros/luatex/optex/doc/optex-doc.tex index 0a1b6b5d8a..b4e41b6874 100644 --- a/macros/luatex/optex/doc/optex-doc.tex +++ b/macros/luatex/optex/doc/optex-doc.tex @@ -1,28 +1,25 @@ +%% This is part of OpTeX project, see http://petr.olsak.net/optex -\fontfam[LMfonts] -\typosize[11/13] -\enlang -\margins/1 a4 (2,2,2,2)cm +% Run optex optex-doc (three times) to generate OpTeX documentation. -\catcode`<=13 -\def<#1>{\hbox{$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$}} -\everyintt={\catcode`\<=13} -\everytt=\everyintt -\enquotes +\input doc.opm \let\enddocument=\endinput -\def\new{\mnote{\Red$\blacktriangleleft$}} -\fixmnotes\right +\typosize[10/12] -\activettchar` +\let\new=\relax -\hyperlinks{\Blue}{\Green} -\insertoutline{CONTENTS} \outlines{0} +\begingroup \typosize [11/13.5] + +\insertoutline{OpTeX} +\vglue1cm +\centerline{\setfontsize{at50pt}\rm\OpTeX} +\vskip-8mm -\tit \OpTeX/\nl Format Based on Plain \TeX/ and OPmac\fnotemark1 +\tit Format Based on Plain \TeX/ and OPmac\fnotemark1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\hfill Version 0.08 +\hfill Version 0.10 \centerline{\it Petr Olšák, 2020} @@ -30,39 +27,39 @@ \centerline{\url{http://petr.olsak.net/optex}} \fnotetext {The OPmac package is a set of simple additional macros to Plain \TeX{}. It -enables users to take advantage of basic \LaTeX/ functionality but keeps +enables users to take advantage of \LaTeX/ functionality but keeps Plain \TeX/ simplicity. See -\url{http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-e.html} for more information about it. -For OPmac users: the red triangle {\Red$\blacktriangleleft$} in the right margin -means that there is a difference from standard OPmac features.} +\url{http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-e.html} for more information about it.} -\notoc\nonum \sec Contents -\maketoc +\bigskip +\noindent +\OpTeX/ is \LuaTeX/ format with Plain \TeX/ and OPmac. Only \LuaTeX/ engine +is supported. -\nonum \sec Introduction -%%%%%%%%%%%% +\OpTeX/ should be a modern Plain \TeX/ with power from OPmac (Fonts +Selection System, colors, graphics, references, hyperlinks, +indexing, bibliography, ...) with preferred Unicode fonts. -\OpTeX/ is \LuaTeX/ format with Plain \TeX/ and OPmac. Only \LuaTeX/ engine -is supported. The main goal of \OpTeX/ is: +The main goal of \OpTeX/ is: \begitems * \OpTeX/ keeps the simplicity (like in Plain \TeX/ and OPmac macros). * There is no old obscurities concerning with various 8-bit encodings and various engines. -* \OpTeX/ provides a powerful font selection system (for Unicode font +* \OpTeX/ provides a powerful Fonts Selection System (for Unicode font families, of course). * \OpTeX/ supports hyphenations of all languages installed in your \TeX/ system. -* All features from OPmac macros are copied. -* Macros are documented in the same place where code is (macros for printing - such documentation will come in the future). +* All features from OPmac macros are copied. For example sorting words in + the Index\fnotemark1, reading `.bib` files directly\fnotemark1, syntax + highlighting\fnotemark1, colors, graphics, hyperlinks, references). + \fnotetext{All these features are implemented by \TeX/ macros, no external + program is needed.} +* Macros are documented in the same place where code is. * User name space of control sequences is separated from internal name space - of \OpTeX/ and primitives (`\foo` versus `\_foo`). + of \OpTeX/ and primitives (`\foo` versus `\_foo`). The name spaces for + macro writers are designed too. \enditems -\OpTeX/ should be a modern Plain \TeX/ with power from OPmac (fonts selection -system, colors, external graphics, references, hyperlinks, indexing, -bibliography, ...) with preferred Unicode fonts. - If you need to customize your document or you need to use something very specific, then you can copy relevant parts of \OpTeX/ macros into your macro file and do changes of these macros here. This is significant difference from @@ -70,1755 +67,45 @@ file and do changes of these macros here. This is significant difference from plenty of non-primitive parameters and syntax hiding \TeX/ internals. The macros from \OpTeX/ are simple and straightforward because they solve only what is explicitly needed, they does not create a new user level for -controlling your document over \TeX/. -And you can use \OpTeX/ macros, understand them an modify them. +controlling your document. We have \TeX. +You can use \OpTeX/ macros, understand them an modify them. \OpTeX/ offers a markup language for authors of texts (like \LaTeX), i.\,e.\ the fixed set of tags to define the structure of the document. This markup is different from the \LaTeX{} markup. It may offer to write the source text of the document somewhat clearer and more attractive. -\new -{\bf Disclaimer:} This software is under construction. It is possible -that some features documented here will be changed in future. +The manual includes two parts: user documentation and technical +documentation. The second part is generated directly from the sources of +\OpTeX/. There are many hyperlinks from one part to second and vice versa. -This manual desribes \OpTeX/ features only. We suppose that user knows \TeX/ -basic principles. They are described in many books. You can see a short +This manual describes \OpTeX/ features only. We suppose that user knows \TeX/ +basics. They are described in many books. You can see a short document \ulink[http://petr.olsak.net/ftp/olsak/optex/tex-nutshell.pdf] {\TeX/ in nutshell} too. +\vfil\break -\sec Starting with \OpTeX/ -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\new -\OpTeX/ is compiled as a format for \LuaTeX/. Maybe there is a command -`optex` in your \TeX/ distribution. Then you can write into command line - -\begtt -optex document -\endtt -% -You can try to process `optex op-demo` or `optex optex-doc`. - -If there is no `optex` command, see more information about installation -\OpTeX/ at \url{http://petr.olsak.net/optex}. - -A minimal document should be - -\begtt -\fontfam[LMfonts] -Hello World! \bye -\endtt - -The first line `\fontfam[LMfonts]` tells that Unicode Latin Modern -fonts (derived from Computer Modern) are used. If you omit this line then -preloaded Latin Modern fonts are used but preloaded fonts cannot be in -Unicode\fnote -{This is a technical limitation of \LuaTeX/ for fonts downloaded in formats: -only 8bit fonts can be preloaded.}. -So the sentence `Hello World` will be OK without the first line, but you -cannot print such sentence in another languages (for example `Ahoj světe!`) -where Unicode fonts are needed -because of the characters like `ě` are not mapped correctly in preloaded -fonts. - -A somewhat larger example with common settings should be: - -\begtt \catcode`!=0 -\fontfam[Termes] % selecting Unicode font family Termes (section !ref[fontfam]) -\typosize[11/13] % setting the basic font size and the baselineskip (sec. !ref[sizes]) -\margins/1 a4 (1,1,1,1)in % setting 1in margins for A4 paper (section !ref[marg]) -\cslang % Czech hyphenation patterns (section !ref[lang]) - -Tady je text. -\bye -\endtt -% -You can look at `op-demo.tex` file for more examples. - - -\sec Page layout -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\secc[marg] Setting the margins -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\OpTeX/ declares paper formats a4, a4l (landscape~a4), a5, a5l, b5, letter and -user can declare another own format by `\sdef`: - -\begtt -\sdef{_pgs:b5l}{(250,176)mm} -\sdef{_pgs:letterl}{(11,8.5)in} -\endtt - -The `\margins` command declares margins of the document. This command have -the following parameters: - -\begtt -\margins/<pg> <fmt> (<left>,<right>,<top>,<bot>)<unit> - example: -\margins/1 a4 (2.5,2.5,2,2)cm -\endtt - -Parameters are: - -\begitems -* <pg> \dots\ `1` or `2` specifies one-page or two-pages design. -* <fmt> \dots\ paper format (a4, a4l, a5, letter, etc. or user defined). -* <left>, <right>, <top>, <bot> \dots\ gives the amount of left, right, - top and bottom margins. -* <unit> \dots\ unit used for values <left>, <right>, <top>, <bot>. -\enditems - -Each of the parameters <left>, <right>, <top>, <bot> can be empty. -If both <left> and <right> are nonempty then `\hsize` is set. Else `\hsize` -is unchanged. If both <left> and <right> are empty then typesetting area is -centered in the paper format. The analogical rule works when <top> or <bot> -parameter is empty (`\vsize` instead `\hsize` is used). Examples: - -\begtt -\margins/1 a4 (,,,)mm % \hsize, \vsize untouched, - % typesetting area centered -\margins/1 a4 (,2,,)cm % right margin set to 2cm - % \hsize, \vsize untouched, vertically centered -\endtt - -If `<pg>=1` then all pages have the same margins. If `<pg>=2` then the -declared margins are true for odd pages. The margins at the even pages are -automaticaly mirrored in such case, it means that <left> is replaced by -<right> and vice versa. - -The `<fmt>` can be also in the form `(<width>,<height>)<unit>` where `<unit>` is -optional. If it is missing then `<unit>` after margins specification is -used. For example: - -\begtt -\margins/1 (100,200) (7,7,7,7)mm -\endtt -% -declares the paper 100$\times$200\,mm with all four margins 7\,mm. The spaces -before and after <fmt> parameter are necessary. - -The command `\magscale[<factor>]` scales the whole typesetting area. -\new The fixed point of such scaling is the upper left corner of the paper sheet. -Typesetting (breakpoints etc.) is unchanged. All units are relative after -such scaling. Only paper formats dimensions stays unscaled. Example: - -\begtt -\margins/2 a5 (22,17,19,21)mm -\magscale[1414] \margins/1 a4 (,,,)mm -\endtt -% -The first line sets the `\hsize` and `\vsize` and margins for final -printing at a5 format. The setting on the second line centers the scaled -typesetting area to the true a4 paper while breaking points for paragraphs -and pages are unchanged. It may be usable for -review printing. After review is done, the second line can be commented out. - -\secc Concept of default page -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\OpTeX/ uses for page design very similar \"output routine" like Plain -\TeX/. There is `\headline` followed by \"page body" followed by -`\footline`. The `\headline` is empty by default and it can be used -for running headers repeated on each page. The `\footline` prints -centered page number by default. You can set the `\footline` to empty -using `\nopagenumbers` macro. - -The margins declared by `\margins` macro (documented in the previous -section~\ref[marg]) is concerned to the page body, -i.e.\ the `\headline` and `\footline` are placed to the top and bottom -margins. - -The distance between the `\headline` and the top of the page body is given by -`\headlinedist` register. The distance between bottom of the page body and -the `\footline` is given by `\footlinedist`. The default values are: - -\begtt -\headline = {} -\footline = {\_hss\_rmfixed \_folio \_hss} % \folio expands to page number -\headlinedist = 14pt % from baseline of \headline to top of page body -\footlinedist = 24pt % from last line in pagebody to baseline of footline -\endtt - -The page body should be divided to top insertions (floating tables and -figures) followed by a real text and followed by footnotes. -Typically, only real text is here. - -The `\pgbackground` tokens list is empty by default but it can be used for -creating background of each page (colors, picture, watermark for example). -The macro `\draft` uses this register and puts big text DRAFT as watermark -to each page. You can try it. - -More about the page layout is documented in files `parameters.opm` and -`output.opm`. - -\secc Footnotes and marginal notes -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -The Plain \TeX/'s macro `\footnote` can be used as usual. But a new macro -`\fnote{<text>}` is defined. The footnote mark is added automatically and it -is numbered -\new -on each chapter from one\fnote -{You can declare `\fnotenumglobal` if you want footnotes numbered in whole -document from one or `\fnotenumpages` if you want footnotes numbered at each -page from one. Default setting is `\fnotenumchapters`}. -The <text> is scaled to 80 \%. -User can redefine footnote mark or scaling, as shown in the file -`fnotes.opm`. - -The `\fnote` macro is fully applicable only in \"normal outer" paragraph. -It doesn't work inside boxes (tables for example). If you are solving such -case you can use `\fnotemark<numeric-label>` inside the box: only the -footnote mark is generated here. When the box is finished you can use -`\fnotetext{<text>}`. This macro puts the <text> to the footnote. -The <numeric-label> have to be `1` if only one such command is in the box. -Second `\fnotemark` inside the same box have to have the parameter `2` etc. -The same number of `\fnotetext`s have to be written -after the box as the number of `\fnotemark`s inserted inside the box. -Example: - -\begtt -Text in a paragraph\fnote{First notice}... % a "normal" footnote -\table{...}{...\fnotemark1...\fnotemark2...} % two footnotes in a box -\fnotetext{Second notice} -\fnotetext{Third notice} -... -\table{...}{...\fnotemark1...} % one footnote in a box -\fnotetext{Fourth notice} -\endtt - -The marginal note can be printed by the `\mnote{<text>}` macro. The <text> -is placed to the right margin on the odd pages and it is placed to the left -margin on the even pages. This is done after second \TeX{} run because the -relevant information is stored in an external file and read from it again. -If you need to place the notes only to the fixed margin write -`\fixmnotes\right` or `\fixmnotes\left`. - -The <text> is formatted as a little paragraph with the maximal width -`\mnotesize` ragged left on the left margins or ragged right on the right -margins. The first line of this little paragraph has its vertical position -given by the position of `\mnote` in the text. The exceptions are possible -by setting the `\mnoteskip` register. You can implement such exceptions to -each `\mnote` manually in final printing in order to margin notes do not -overlap. The positive value of `\mnoteskip` shifts the note up and negative -value shifts it down. For example `\mnoteskip=2\baselineskip \mnote{<text>}` -shifts this (and only this) note two lines up. - - -\sec Fonts -%%%%%%%%%% - -\secc[fontfam] Font families -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -You can select the font family by `\fontfam[<Family-name>]`. -The argument <Family-name> is case insensitive and spaces are ignored. So, -`\fontfam[LM Fonts]` is equal to `\fontfam[LMfonts]` and it is equal -to `\fontfam[lmfonts]`. Several aliases are prepared, thus -`\fontfam[Latin Modern]` can be used for loading Latin Modern family too. - -If you write `\fontfam[?]` then all font families registered in \OpTeX/ -are listed on the terminal and in the log file. -If you write `\fontfam[catalog]` then a catalog of all fonts registered in -\OpTeX/ and available in your \TeX/ system is printed. The instructions -how to register your own font family is appended in such catalog. - -If the family is loaded then {\em font modifiers} applicable in such font family -are listed on the terminal: (`\caps`, `\cond` for example). -And there are four basic {\em variant selectors} (`\rm`, `\bf`, `\it`, `\bi`). -The usage of variant selectors is the same as in Plain \TeX: -`{\it italics text}`, `{\bf bold text}` etc. - -The font modifiers (`\caps`, `\cond` for example) can -be used before a basic variant selector and they -can be (independently) combined: `\caps\it` or `\cond\caps\bf`. The -modifiers keeps their internal setting until group ends or until another -modifier which negates the previous feature is used. So -`\caps \rm text \it text` uses normal and italics in Caps and SmallCaps. - -\new -There is one special variant selector `\currvar` which does not change the -selected variant but reloads the font due to the (maybe newly -specified) font modifier(s). - -The context between variants `\rm`--`\it` and `\bf`--`\bi` is kept by the `\em` -macro (emphasize text). -It switches from current `\rm` to `\it`, from current `\it` to `\rm`, from -current `\bf` to `\bi` and from current `\bi` to `\bf`. -The italics correction `\/` is inserted automatically. Example: - -\begtt -This is {\em important} text. % = This is {\it important\/} text. -\it This is {\em important} text. % = This is\/ {\rm important} text. -\bf This is {\em important} text. % = This is {\bi important\/} text. -\bi This is {\em important} text. % = This is\/ {\bf important} text. -\endtt - -\new -More about the \OpTeX/ font selection system is written the file -`fonts-select.opm`. You can mix more font families in your document, you can -declare your own variant selectors or modifiers etc. - -\secc[sizes] Font sizes -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -The command `\typosize[<fontsize>/<baselineskip>]` sets the font size of text and -math fonts and baselineskip. If one of these two parameters is empty, the -corresponding feature stays unchanged. Don't write the unit of these -parameters. The unit is internally set to `\ptunit` which is 1pt by default. -You can change the unit by the command `\ptunit=<something-else>`, -for instance `\ptunit=1mm` enlarges all font sizes declared by `\typosize`. -Examples: - -\begtt -\typosize[10/12] % default of Plain TeX -\typosize[11/12.5] % font 11pt, baseline 12.5pt -\typosize[8/] % font 8pt, baseline unchanged -\endtt - -The commands for font size setting described in this section -have local validity. If you put them into a group, -the settings are lost when the group is finished. If you set -something relevant with paragraph shape (baselineskip given by -`\typosize` for example) then you must first finalize the -paragraph and second to close the group: -`{\typosize[12/14] ...<text of paragraph>... \par}`. - -The command -`\typoscale[<font-factor>/<baselineskip-factor>]` -sets the text and math fonts -size and baselineskip as a multiple of the current fonts size and -baselineskip. The factor is written in \"scaled"-like way, it means that 1000 -means factor one. The empty parameter is equal to the parameter 1000, -i.e. the value stays unchanged. Examples: - -\begtt -\typoscale[800/800] % fonts and baselineskip re-size to 80 % -\typoscale[\magstep2/] % fonts bigger 1,44times (\magstep2 expands to 1440) -\endtt - -First usage of `\typosize` or `\typoscale` macro in your document sets so -called {\em main values}, i.\,e.\ main font size and main baselineskip. They are internally -saved in registers `\mainfosize` and `\mainbaselineskip`. - -\new -The `\typoscale` command does scaling in respect to current values by default. -If you want to do it in respect to main values, type `\scalemain` immediately -before `\typoscale` command. - -\begtt -\typosize[12/14.4] % first usage in document, sets main values internally -\typosize[15/18] % bigger font -\scalemain \typoscale[800/800] % reduces from main values, no from current. -\endtt - -The size of the current font can be changed by the command -`\thefontsize[<font-size>]` or can be rescaled by -`\thefontscale[<factor>]`. These macros don't change math fonts sizes nor -baselineskip. - -\new -There is \"low level" `\setfontsize{<size-spec>}` command which behaves like -a font modifier and sets given font size used by next variant selectors. -For example `\setfontsize{at15pt}\currvar` sets current variant to 15pt. - -If you are using a font family with \"optical sizes feature" (i.\,e.\ there -are more recommended sizes of the same font which are not scaled -linearly; good example is Computer Modern aka Latin Modern fonts) -then the recommended size is selected by all mentioned commands automatically. - -More information about resizing of fonts is documented in `fonts-resize.opm` -file. - -\secc Typesetting math -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\OpTeX/ preloads a collection of 7bit Computer Modern math fonts -and AMS fonts in its format. You can use them in any size and in the -`\boldmath` variant. -% -\new -Most declared text font families (see `\fontfam` in the section~\ref[fontfam]) -are configured with recommended Unicode -math font. This font is automaticlaly loaded unless you specify -`\noloadmath` before first `\fontfam` command. See log file for more -information about loading text font family and Unicode math fonts. If you -prefer another Unicode math font, specify it by `\loadmath{[<font-file>]}` -or `\loadmath{font-name}` before first `\loadfam` command. - -Hundreds math symbols and operators like in AMS\TeX/ are accessible. -For example `\alpha` $\alpha$, `\geq`~$\geq$, `\sum` $\sum$, -`\sphericalangle` $\sphericalangle$, `\bumpeq`, $\bumpeq$. See AMS\TeX/ -manual for complete list of symbols. - -The following math alphabets are available: - -\begtt \catcode`\$=3 \catcode`/=0 \medmuskip=0mu \adef{ }{ } -\mit % mathematical variables $abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ -\it % text italics $/it abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ -\rm % text roman $/rm abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ -\cal % normal calligraphics $/cal ABC-XYZ$ -\script % script $/script ABC-XYZ$ -\frak % fracture $/frak abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ -\bbchar % double stroked letters $/bbchar ABC-XYZ$ -\bf % sans serif bold $/bf abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ -\bi % sans serif bold slanted $/bi abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ -\endtt - -The last two selectors `\bf` and `\bi` select the sans serif fonts in math regardless -the current text font family. This is common notation for vectors and -matrices. You can re-declare it, see the file `unimath-codes.opm` where math -variants of `\bf` and `\bi` selectors are defined. - -The math fonts can be scaled by `\typosize` and `\typoscale` macros. -Two math fonts collections are prepared: `\normalmath` for normal weight -and `\boldmath` for bold. The first one is set by default. - -\new -You can use `\mathbox{<text>}` inside math mode. It behaves as `{\hbox{<text>}}` -(i.e. the <text> is printed in horizontal non-math mode) -but the size of the <text> is adapted to the context of math size (text or script or -scriptscript). - - -\sec Typical elements of document -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\secc[chap] Chapters and sections -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -The document can be divided into chapters, sections and subsections and titled -by `\tit` command. The parameters are separated by the end of current line (no -braces are used): - -\begtt -\tit Document title <end of line> -\chap Chapter title <end of line> -\sec Section title <end of line> -\secc Subsection title <end of line> -\endtt - -If you want to write a title to more lines in your source file then you can -use percent character before <end of line>. Such <end of line> is not -scanned and reading of the title continues at next line. - -The chapters are automatically numbered by one number, sections by two numbers -(chapter.section) and subsections by three numbers. If there are no chapters -then section have only one number and subsection two. - -The implicit design of the titles of chapter etc.\ are implemented in the -macros `\_printchap`, `\_printsec` and `\_printsecc`. A designer can simply change -these macros if he/she needs another behavior. - -The first paragraph after the title of chapter, section and subsection is -not indented but you can type `\let\_firstnoindent=\relax` if you need all -paragraphs indented. - -If a title is so long then it breaks to more lines. It is better to hint the -breakpoints because \TeX/ does not interpret the meaning of the title. -User can put the `\nl` (it means newline) macro to the breakpoints. - -The chapter, section or subsection isn't numbered if the `\nonum` precedes. -And the chapter, section or subsection isn't delivered to the table of -contents if `\notoc` precedes. - -\secc[cap] Another numbered objects -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -Apart from chapters, sections and subsections, there are another -automatically numbered objects: equations, captions for tables and -figures. The user can declare more numbered object. - -If the user writes the `\eqmark` as the last element of the display mode then -this equation is numbered. The equation number is printed in brackets. This number -resets in each section by default. - -If the `\eqalignno` is used, then user can put `\eqmark` to the last column -before `\cr`. For example: - -\begtt -\eqalignno{ - a^2+b^2 &= c^2 \cr - c &= \sqrt{a^2+b^2} & \eqmark \cr} -\endtt - -The next automatically numbered objects are captions which is tagged by `\caption/t` for -tables and `\caption/f` for figures. -The caption text follows. -The `\cskip` can be used between `\caption` text and the real object (table -or figure). You can use two orders: `<caption>\cskip <object>` or -`<object>\cskip <caption>`. -The `\cskip` creates appropriate vertical space between them. Example: - -\begtt -\caption/t The dependency of the computer-dependency on the age. -\cskip -\noindent\hfil\table{rl}{ - age & value \crl\noalign{\smallskip} - 0--1 & unmeasured \cr - 1--6 & observable \cr - 6--12 & significant \cr - 12--20 & extremal \cr - 20--40 & normal \cr - 40--60 & various \cr - 60--$\infty$ & moderate} -\endtt - -This example produces: - -\medskip -\caption/t The dependency of the computer-dependency on the age. -\cskip -\noindent\hfil\table{rl}{ - age & value \crl\noalign{\smallskip} - 0--1 & unmeasured \cr - 1--6 & observable \cr - 6--12 & significant \cr - 12--20 & extremal \cr - 20--40 & normal \cr - 40--60 & various \cr - 60--$\infty$ & moderate} -\medskip - -You can see that the word \"Table" followed by a number is added by the macro -`\caption/t`. -The caption text is centered. If it occupies more lines then the -last line is centered. - -The macro `\caption/f` behaves like `\caption/t` but it is intended for -figure captions with independent numbering. -The word (Table, Figure) depends on the actual selected language (see -section~\ref[lang] about languages). - -If you wish to make the table or figure as floating object, you need to use -Plain \TeX/ macros `\midinsert` or `\topinsert` terminated by `\endinsert`. -Example: - -\begtt -\topinsert % table and its caption is printed at the top of the current page - <caption and table> -\endinsert -\endtt - -\new -There are five prepared counters `A`, `B`, `C`, `D` and `E`. -They are reset in each chapter and section\fnote -{This feature can be changed, see the `sections.opm` in the technical documentation.}. -They can be used in context of `\numberedpar <letter>{<text>}` -macro. For example: -\begtt -\def\theorem {\numberedpar A{Theorem}} -\def\corollary {\numberedpar A{Corollary}} -\def\definition {\numberedpar B{Definition}} -\def\example {\numberedpar C{Example}} -\endtt -% -Three independent numbers are used in this example. One for Theorems and Corollaries -second for Definitions and third for Examples. The user can write -`\theorem Let $M$ be...` and the new paragraph is started with the text: -{\bf Theorem 2.3.1.} Let $M$ be... -You can add an optional parameter in brackets. For example, -`\theorem [(L'Hôpital's rule)] Let $f$, $g$ be...` -is printed like {\bf Theorem 2.4.2 (L'Hôpital's rule).} Let $f$, $g$ be... - - -\secc References -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -Each automatically numbered object documented in -sections \ref[chap] and \ref[cap] can be referenced -\new -if optional parameter -`[<label>]` is appended to `\chap`, `\sec`, -`\secc`, `\caption/t`, `\caption/f` or `\eqmark`. The alternative syntax is -to use `\label[<label>]` before mentioned commands (not necessarily directly -before). The reference is realized by `\ref[<label>]` or `\pgref[<label>]`. -Example: - -\begtt -\sec[beatle] About Beatles - -\noindent\hfil\table{rl}{...} % the table -\cskip -\caption/t [comp-depend] The dependency of the computer-dependency on the age. - -\label[pythagoras] -$$ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \eqmark $$ - -Now we can point to the section~\ref[beatle] on the page~\pgref[beatle] -or write something about the equation~\ref[pythagoras]. Finally there -is an interesting Table~\ref[comp-depend]. -\endtt - -If there are forward referenced objects then user have to run \TeX{} twice. -During each pass, the working `*.ref` file (with references data) is created -and this file is used (if it exists) at the beginning of the document. - -You can use `\label[<label>]` before `\theorem`, `\definition` (macros defined by -`\numberedpar`) if you want to reference these numbered objects. -You can't use `\theorem[<label>]` because the optional parameter -is reserved to another purpose. - -You can create a reference to whatever else by commands -`\label[<label>]\wlabel{<text>}`. The connection between <label> and -<text> is established. The `\ref[<label>]` will print <text>. - -By default, labels are not printed, of course. But if you are preparing a -draft version of document, you can declare `\showlabels`. The labels -are printed at their destination places after such declaration. - - -\secc Hyperlinks, outlines -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -If the command `\hyperlinks <color-in> <color-out>` is used at the beginning of -the document, then the following objects are hyperlinked in the PDF output: - -\begitems -* numbers generated by `\ref` or `\pgref`, -* numbers of chapters, sections and subsections in the table of contents, -* numbers or marks generated by `\cite` command (bibliography references), -* texts printed by `\url` or `\ulink` commands. -\enditems - -The last object is an external link and it is colored by -`<color-out>`. Others links are internal and they are colored by -`<color-in>`. Example: - -\begtt -\hyperlinks \Blue \Green % internal links blue, URLs green. -\endtt - -You can use another marking of active links: by frames which are visible in -the PDF viewer but invisible when the document is printed. The way to do it -is to define the macros `\pgborder`, `\tocborder`, `\citeborder`, -`\refborder` and `\urlborder` as the triple of RGB components of the used -color. Example: - -\begtt -\def\tocborder {1 0 0} % links in table of contents: red frame -\def\pgborder {0 1 0} % links to pages: green frame -\def\citeborder {0 0 1} % links to references: blue frame -\endtt - -By default these macros are not defined. It means that no frames are created. - -The hyperlinked footnotes can be activated by `\fnotelinks <color-fnt> <color-fnf>` -where footnote marks in text have `<color-fnt>` and the same footnote marks -in footnotes have <color-fnf>. You can define relevant borders -`\fntborder` and `\fnfborder` analogically as `\pgboreder` (for example). - -There are \"low level" commands to create the links. You can specify the -destination of the internal link by `\dest[<type>:<label>]`. The -active text linked to the `\dest` can be created by -`\ilink[<type>:<label>]{<text>}`. The `<type>` parameter is one of -the `toc`, `pg`, `cite`, `ref` or another special for your purpose. -These commands create internal links only when `\hyperlinks` is decared. - -The `\url` macro prints its parameter in `\tt` font and creates a potential -breakpoints in it (after slash or dot, for example). If `\hyperlinks` -declaration is used then the parameter of `\url` is treated as an external URL link. -An example: `\url{http://www.olsak.net}` creates \url{http://www.olsak.net}. -The characters \code{\%}, `\`, `#`, `{` and `}` have to be protected by -backslash in the `\url` argument, the other special characters `~`, -`^`, `&` can be written as single character\fnote -{More exactly, there are the same rules as for \code{\\code} command, see -section~\ref[verbatim].}. -You can insert the `\|` command -in the `\url` argument as a potential breakpoint. - -If the linked text have to be different than the URL, you can use -`\ulink[<url>]{text}` macro. For example: -`\ulink[http://petr.olsak.net/optex]{\OpTeX/ page}` -creates -\ulink[http://petr.olsak.net/optex]{\OpTeX/ page}. - -The PDF format provides {\em outlines} which are notes placed in the special frame of -the PDF viewer. These notes can be managed as structured and hyperlinked -table of contents of the document. The command `\outlines{<level>}` creates -such outlines from data used for table of contents in the document. The -<level> parameter gives the level of opened sub-outlines -in the default view. The deeper levels can be open by mouse click on the -triangle symbol after that. - -\new -If you are using a special macro in section titles then `\outlines` macro -may crash. You must declare variant of the macro for outlines case which is -expandable. Use `\regmacro` in such case. See the section \ref[toc] for more information -about `\regmacro`. - -The command `\insertoutline{<text>}` inserts next entry into PDF outlines at -the main level~0. These entries can be placed before table of contents (created -by `\outlines`) or after it. Theirs hyperlink destination is in the place -where `\insertoutline` macro is used. - -\secc Lists -%%%%%%%%%% - -The list of items is surrounded by `\begitems` and `\enditems` commands. -The asterisk (`*`) is active within this environment and it starts one item. -The item style can be chosen by `\style` parameter written after `\begitems`: - -\begtt -\style o % small bullet -\style O % big bullet (default) -\style - % hyphen char -\style n % numbered items 1., 2., 3., ... -\style N % numbered items 1), 2), 3), ... -\style i % numbered items (i), (ii), (iii), ... -\style I % numbered items I, II, III, IV, ... -\style a % items of type a), b), c), ... -\style A % items of type A), B), C), ... -\style x % small rectangle -\style X % big rectangle -\endtt - -For example: - -\begtt -\begitems -* First idea -* Second idea in subitems: - \begitems \style i - * First sub-idea - * Second sub-idea - * Last sub-idea - \enditems -* Finito -\enditems -\endtt -% -produces: - -\begitems -* First idea -* Second idea in subitems: - \begitems \style i - * First sub-idea - * Second sub-idea - * Last sub-idea - \enditems -* Finito -\enditems - -Another style can be defined by the command `\sdef{_item:<style>}{<text>}`. -Default item can be set by `\defaultitem={<text>}`. -The list environments can be nested. Each new level of item is indented by -next multiple of `\iindent` which is set to `\parindent` by default. -The `\ilevel` register says what level of items is currently processed. -Each `\begitems` starts `\everylist` tokens register. You can set, for -example: -\begtt -\everylist={\ifcase\ilevel\or \style X \or \style x \else \style - \fi} -\endtt - -You can say `\begitems \novspaces` if you don't want vertical spaces above -and below the list. -More information about design of lists of items should be found in the `lists.opm` file. - -\secc Tables -%%%%%%%%%%% - -The macro `\table{<declaration>}{<data>}` provides similar <declaration> -of tables as in \LaTeX: you can use letters `l`, `r`, `c`, each letter declares -one column (aligned to left, right, center respectively). -These letters can be combined by the `|` character (vertical line). Example - -\begtt -\table{||lc|r||}{ \crl - Month & commodity & price \crli \tskip2pt - January & notebook & \$ 700 \cr - February & skateboard & \$ 100 \cr - July & yacht & k\$ 170 \crl} -\endtt -% -generates the following result: - -\bigskip -\noindent\hfil\table{||lc|r||}{ \crl - Month & commodity & price \crli \tskip2pt - January & notebook & \$ 700 \cr - February & skateboard & \$ 100 \cr - July & yacht & k\$ 170 \crl} -\bigskip - -Apart from `l`, `r`, `c` declarators, you can use the `p{<size>}` declarator -which declares the column of given width. More precisely, a long text in -the table cell is printed as an paragraph with given width. -To avoid problems with narrow left-right aligned paragraphs you can write -`p{<size>\raggedright}`, then the paragraph will be only left aligned. - -You can use `(<text>)` in the <declaration>. Then this text is applied in -each line of the table. For example `r(\kern10pt)l` adds more 10\,pt space -between `r` and `l` rows. - -An arbitrary part of the <declaration> can be repeated by a <number> -prefixed. For example `3c` means `ccc` or `c 3{|c}` means -`c|c|c|c`. Note that spaces in the <declaration> are ignored and you -can use them in order to more legibility. - -The command `\cr` used in the <data> part of the table -is generally known. It marks end row of the table. -Moreover \OpTeX/ defines following similar commands: - -\begitems -* `\crl` \dots\ the end of the row with a horizontal line after it. -* `\crli` \dots\ like `\crl` but the horizontal line doesn't intersect the - vertical double lines. -* `\crlli` \dots\ like `\crli` but horizontal line is doubled. -* `\crlp{<list>}` \dots\ like `\crli` but the lines are drawn only in the - columns mentioned in comma separated `<list>` of their numbers. - The <list> can include `<from>-<to>` declarators, for example - `\crlp{1-3,5}` is equal to `\crlp{1,2,3,5}`. -\enditems - -The `\tskip<dimen>` command works like the `\noalign{\vskip<dimen>}` -after `\cr*` commands but it doesn't interrupt the vertical lines. - -\new -You can use following parameters for the `\table` macro. Default values are listed -too. - -\begtt -\everytable={} % code used after settings in \vbox before table processing -\thistable={} % code used when \vbox starts, is is removed after using it -\tabiteml={\enspace} % left material in each column -\tabitemr={\enspace} % right material in each column -\tabstrut={\strut} % strut which declares lines distance in the table -\tablinespace=2pt % additional vertical space before/after horizontal lines -\vvkern=1pt % space between lines in double vertical line -\hhkern=1pt % space between lines in double horizontal line -\endtt - -Example: if you do `\tabiteml={$\enspace}\tabitemr={\enspace$}` then -the `\table` acts like \LaTeX's array environment. - -If there is an item which spans to more than one column in the table then -`\multispan{<number>}` macro from Plain \TeX{} can help you or, you can use -`\mspan<number>[<declaration>]{<text>}` -which spans <number> columns and formats the <text> by the -<declaration>. The <declaration> must include a declaration of only one column -with the same syntax as common `\table` <declaration>. -If your table includes vertical rules and you want to -create continuous vertical rules by `\mspan`, then use rule declarators `|` -only after `c`, `l` or `r` letter in `\mspan` <declaration>. The -exception is only in the case when `\mspan` includes first -column and the table have rules on the left side. The example of `\mspan` usage is below. - -The `\frame{<text>}` makes a frame around <text>. You can put the whole `\table` -into `\frame` if you need double-ruled border of the table. Example: - -\begtt -\frame{\table{|c||l||r|}{ \crl - \mspan3[|c|]{\bf Title} \crl \noalign{\kern\hhkern}\crli - first & second & third \crlli - seven & eight & nine \crli}} -\endtt -% -creates the following result: - -\hfil\frame{\table{|c||l||r|}{\crl - \mspan3[|c|]{\bf Title} \crl \noalign{\kern\hhkern}\crli - first & second & third \crlli - seven & eight & nine \crli}} -\bigskip - -The `c`, `l`, `r` and `p` are default \"declaration letters" but you can define -more such letters by `\def\_tabdeclare<letter>{<left>##<right>}`. More about -it is in technical documentation in the file `table.opm`. - -The rule width of tables and implicit width of all `\vrule`s and `\hrule`s -can be set by the command `\rulewidth=<dimen>`. The default value given -by \TeX/ is 0.4\,pt. - -Many tips about tables can be seen on -\url{http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-tricks-e.html}. - -\label[verbatim]\secc Verbatim -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -The display verbatim text have to be surrounded by the `\begtt` and -`\endtt` couple. -The in-line verbatim have to be tagged (before and after) -by a character which is declared by -`\activettchar<char>`. For example \code{\\activettchar`} -declares the character \code{`} -for in-line verbatim markup. -And you can use \code{`\\relax`} for -verbatim `\relax` (for example). -\new -Another alternative of printing in-line -verbatim text is `\code{<text>}` (see below). - -If the numerical register `\ttline` is set to the non-negative value then -display verbatim will number the lines. The first line has the number -`\ttline+1` and when the verbatim ends then the `\ttline` value is equal to the -number of last line printed. Next `\begtt...\endtt` environment will follow -the line numbering. \OpTeX/ sets `\ttline=-1` by default. - -The indentation of each line in display verbatim is controlled by -`\ttindent` register. This register is set to the `\parindent` by default. -User can change values of the `\parindent` and `\ttindent` independently. - -The `\begtt` command starts internal group in which the catcodes are changed. -\new -Then the `\everytt` tokens register is run. It is empty by default and user can -control fine behavior by it. For example the catcodes can be reseted here. If -you need to define active character in the `\everytt`, use `\adef` as in the -following example: - -\begtt \adef@{\string\endtt} -\everytt={\adef!{?}\adef?{!}} -\begtt -Each occurrence of the exclamation mark will be changed to -the question mark and vice versa. Really? You can try it! -@ -\endtt -% -The `\adef` command sets its parameter as active {\it after\/} -the value of `\everytt` is read. So you don't have to worry about active -categories. - -There is an alternative to `\everytt` named `\everyintt` which is used for -in-line verbatim surrounded by an `\activettchar` or processed by the `\code` -command. - -The `\everytt` is applied to all `\begtt...\endtt` environments (if it is not -decared in a group). There are tips for such global `\everytt` definitions here: - -\begtt -\everytt={\typosize[9/11]} % setting font size for verbatim -\everytt={\ttline=0} % each listing will be numbered from one -\everytt={\adef{ }{\char9251 }} % visualization of spaces (Unicode fonts) -\endtt - -\new -If you want to apply a special code only for one `\begtt...\endtt` -environment then don't set any `\everytt` but put desired material at the -same line where `\begtt` is. For example: - -\begtt \adef@{\string\endtt} -\begtt \adef!{?}\adef?{!} -Each occurrence of ? will be changed to ! and vice versa. -@ -\endtt - -The in-line verbatim surrounded by an `\activettchar` doesn't work in -parameter of macros and macro definitions, especially in titles declared by -`\chap`, `\sec` etc. -\new -You can use more robust command `\code{<text>}` in such -situations, but you must escape following characters in the <text>: -`\`, `#`, `%`, braces (if the braces are unmatched in the <text>), -and space or `^` (if there are more than one subsequent spaces or `^` in -the <text>). Examples: - -\begtt -\code{\\text, \%\#} ... prints \text, %# -\code{@{..}*&^$ $} ... prints @{..}*&^$ $ without escaping, but you can - escape these characters too, if you want. -\code{a \ b} ... two spaces between a b, the second one must be escaped -\code{xy\{z} ... xy{z ... unbalanced brace must be escaped -\code{^\^M} ... prints ^^M, the second ^ must be escaped -\endtt - -You can print verbatim listing from external files by `\verbinput` command. -Examples: - -\begtt -\verbinput (12-42) program.c % listing from program.c, only lines 12-42 -\verbinput (-60) program.c % print from begin to the line 60 -\verbinput (61-) program.c % from line 61 to the end -\verbinput (-) program.c % whole file is printed -\verbinput (70+10) program.c % from line 70, only 10 lines printed -\verbinput (+10) program.c % from the last line read, print 10 lines -\verbinput (-5+7) program.c % from the last line read, skip 5, print 7 -\verbinput (+) program.c % from the last line read to the end -\endtt - - -The `\ttline` influences the line numbering by the same way as in -`\begtt...\endtt` environment. If `\ttline=-1` then real line numbers are -printed (this is default). If \code{\\ttline<-1} then no line -numbers are printed. - -The `\verbinput` can be controlled by `\everytt`, `\ttindent` just like -in `\begtt...\endtt`. - - -\sec Autogenerated lists -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\secc[toc] Table of contents -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -The `\maketoc` command prints the table of contents of all `\chap`, `\sec` -and `\secc` used in the document. These data are read from external `*.ref` file, so -you have to run \TeX/ more than once (typically three times if the table of -contents is at the beginning of the document). - -The name of the section with table of contents is not printed. The direct usage -of `\chap` or `\sec` isn't recommended here because the table of contents -is typically not referenced to itself. You can print the unnumbered and unreferenced -title of the section by the code: - -\begtt -\nonum\notoc\sec Table of Contents -\endtt - -\new -If you are using a special macro in section titles or chapter titles -and you need different behavior of such macro in other cases then use -`\regmacro{<case-toc>}{<case-mark>}{<case-outline>}`. -The parameters are applied locally in given cases. The `\regmacro` can be -used repeatedly: the parameters are accumulated (for more macros). -If a parameter is empty then original definition is used in given case. -For example: - -\begtt -% default value of \mylogo macro used in text and in the titles: -\def\mylogo{\leavevmode\hbox{\Red{\it My}\Black{\setfontsize{mag1.5}\rm Lo}Go}} -% another variants: -\regmacro {\def\mylogo{\hbox{\Red My\Black LoGo}}} % used in TOC - {\def\mylogo{\hbox{{\it My}\/LoGo}}} % used in running heads - {\def\mylogo{MyLoGo}} % used in outlines -\endtt - -\secc Making the index -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -The index can be included into document by `\makeindex` macro. No external -program is needed, the alphabetical sorting are done inside \TeX/ at macro -level. - -The `\ii` command (insert to index) declares the word separated by the space -as the index item. This declaration is represented as invisible atom on the -page connected to the next visible word. The page number of the page where -this atom occurs is listed in the index entry. So you can type: - -\begtt -The \ii resistor resistor is a passive electrical component ... -\endtt - -You cannot double the word if you use the `\iid` instead `\ii`: - -\begtt -The \iid resistor is a passive electrical component ... -or: -Now we'll deal with the \iid resistor . -\endtt - -Note that the dot or comma have to be separated by space when `\iid` is -used. This space (before dot or comma) is removed by the macro in -the current text. - -The multiple-words entries are commonly organized in the index by the format -(for example): - -\medskip - -linear~dependency 11, 40--50 - ---- independency 12, 42--53 - ---- space 57, 76 - ---- subspace 58 - -\medskip - -To do this you have to declare the parts of the index entries by the `/` separator. -Example: - -\begtt -{\bf Definition.} -\ii linear/space,vector/space -{\em Linear space} (or {\em vector space}) is a nonempty set of... -\endtt - -The number of the parts of one index entry is unlimited. Note, that you can -spare your typing by the comma in the `\ii` parameter. The previous example -is equivalent to `\ii linear/space` `\ii vector/space`. - -Maybe you need to propagate to the index the similar entry to the -linear/space in the form space/linear. You can do this by the shorthand `,@` -at the end of the `\ii` parameter. Example: - -\begtt -\ii linear/space,vector/space,@ -is equivalent to: -\ii linear/space,vector/space \ii space/linear,space/vector -\endtt - -If you really need to insert the space into the index entry, write `~`. - -If the `\ii` or `\iid` command is preceded by `\iitype <letter>`, then such -reference (or more references generated by one `\ii`) has specified type. -The page numbers of such references should be formatted -specially in the index. \OpTeX/ implements only `\iitype b`, `\iitype i` and -`\iitype u`. The page number in bold or in italics or underlined is printed -in the index when these types are used. Default index type is empty, which -prints page numbers in normal font. See \TeX/book index as an example. - -The `\makeindex` creates the list of alphabetically sorted index entries -without the title of the section and without creating more columns. \OpTeX/ -provides another macros for more columns: - -\begtt -\begmulti <number of columns> -<text> -\endmulti -\endtt -The columns will be balanced. The Index can be printed by the following -code: - -\begtt -\sec Index -\begmulti 3 \makeindex \endmulti -\endtt - -Only \"pure words" can be propagated to the index by the `\ii` command. It -means that there cannot be any macro, \TeX/ primitive, math selector etc. -But there is another possibility to create such complex index entry. Use -\"pure equivalent" in the `\ii` parameter and map this equivalent to the -real word which is printed in the index by `\iis` command. Example: - -\begtt -The \ii chiquadrat $\chi$-quadrat method is -... -If the \ii relax `\relax` command is used then \TeX/ is relaxing. -... -\iis chiquadrat {$\chi$-quadrat} -\iis relax {\code{\\relax}} -\endtt -% -The `\iis <equivalent> {<text>}` creates one entry in the \"dictionary -of the exceptions". The sorting is done by the <equivalent> but the -<text> is printed in the index entry list. - -The sorting rules when `\makeindex` runs depends on the current language. -See section~\ref[lang] about languages selection. - -\secc Bib\TeX/ing -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -The command `\cite[<label>]` (or its variants of the type -\hbox{`\cite[<label-1>,<label-2>,...,<label-n>]`}) -creates the citation in the form [42] (or [15,~19,~26]). -If `\shortcitations` is declared at the beginning of the document then -continuous sequences of numbers are re-printed like this: -\hbox{[3--5,~7,~9--11]}. If -`\sortcitations` is declared then numbers generated by one `\cite` command -are sorted upward. - -If `\nonumcitations` is declared then the marks instead numbers are generated -depending on the used bib-style. For example the citations look like -[Now08] or [Nowak, 2008]. - -The `\rcite[<labels>]` creates the same list as `\cite[<labels>]` but without -the outer brackets. Example: `[\rcite[tbn], pg.~13]` creates [4,~pg.13]. - -The `\ecite[<label>]{<text>}` prints the `<text>` only, but the entry labeled -<label> is decided as to be cited. If `\hyperlinks` is used then <text> -is linked to the references list. - -You can define alternative formating of `\cite` command. Example: - -\begtt -\def\cite[#1]{(\rcite[#1])} % \cite[<label>] creates (27) -\def\cite[#1]{$^{\rcite[#1]}$} % \cite[<label>] creates^{27} -\endtt - -The numbers printed by `\cite` correspond to the same numbers generated in -the list of references. -There are two possibilities to generate this -references list: - -\begitems -* Manually using `\bib[<label>]` commands. -* By `\usebib/<type> (<style>) <bib-base>` command which reads `*.bib` - files directly. -\enditems - -\new -Note that another two possibilities documented in OPmac (using external -Bib\TeX/ program) isn't supported because Bib\TeX/ is old program which does not -support Unicode. And Biber seems to be not compliant with Plain \TeX. - -\medskip\noindent -{\bf References created manually using `\bib[<label>]` command.} - -\begtt -\bib [tbn] P. Olšák. {\it\TeX{}book naruby.} 468~s. Brno: Konvoj, 1997. -\bib [tst] P. Olšák. {\it Typografický systém \TeX.} - 269~s. Praha: CSTUG, 1995. -\endtt - -If you are using `\nonumcitations` then you need to declare the <marks> -used by `\cite` command. To do it you must use long form of the `\bib` -command in the format `\bib[<label>] = {<mark>}`. The spaces around -equal sign are mandatory. Example: - -\begtt -\bib [tbn] = {Olšák, 2001} - P. Olšák. {\it\TeX{}book naruby.} 468~s. Brno: Konvoj, 2001. -\endtt - -\noindent -{\bf Direct reading of `.bib` files} is possible by `\usebib` macro. -This macro reads and uses macro package `librarian.tex` by Paul Isambert. -The usage is: - -\begtt -\usebib/c (<style>) <bib-base> % sorted by \cite-order (c=cite), -\usebib/s (<style>) <bib-base> % sorted by style (s=style). -% example: -\usebib/s (simple) op-example -\endtt - -The <bib-base> is one or more `*.bib` database source files (separated by -spaces and without extension) and the <style> is the part of the filename -`bib-<style>.opm` where the formatting of the references list is -defined. \OpTeX/ supports `simple` or `iso690` styles. The behavior of -`\usebib` is documented in `usebib.opm` and `bib-iso690.opm` files in detail. - -Not all records are printed from <bib-base> files: the command `\usebib` -selects only such bib-records which were used in `\cite` or `\nocite` -commands in your document. The `\nocite` behaves as `\cite` but prints -nothing. It only tels that mentioned bib-record should be printed in the -reference list. If `\notcite[*]` is used then all records from <bib-base> -are printed. - - -\sec Graphics -%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\secc Colors -%%%%%%%%%%% - -\OpTeX/ provides a small number of color selectors: -{\Blue `\Blue`}, -{\Red `\Red`}, -{\Brown `\Brown`}, -{\Green `\Green`}, -{\Yellow `\Yellow`}, -{\Cyan `\Cyan`}, -{\Magenta `\Magenta`}, -{`\White`}, -{\Grey `\Grey`}, -{\LightGrey `\LightGrey`} and -`\Black`. User can define more -such selectors by setting four CMYK components -\new -or three RGB components. For example - -\begtt -\def \Orange {\setcmykcolor{0 0.5 1 0}} -\def \Purple {\setrgbcolor{1 0 1}} -\endtt - -\new -The command `\morecolors` reads more definitions of color selectors -from \LaTeX/ file `x11nam.def`. There is about 300 color names like -`\DeepPink`, `\Chocolate` etc. If there are numbered variants of the same -name, then you can append letters B, C, etc. to the name in \OpTeX/. For example -`\Chocolate` is Chocolate1, `\ChocolateB` is Chocolate2 etc. - -\new -The color selectors work locally in groups by default but with limitations. See -the file `colors.opm` for more information. - -The colors `\Blue`, `\Cyan` etc. are defined with CMYK components using `\setcmykcolor`. -But you can define a color with three RGB components too and `\morecolors` -defines such RGB colors. By default, the color model isn't converted but only stored to -PDF output for each used color by default. Thus, there may be a mix of color -models in the PDF output which is not good idea. You can overcome this -problem by declaration `\onlyrgb` or `\onlycmyk`. Then only selected color -model is used for PDF output and if an used color is declared by another color -model then it is converted. -The `\onlyrgb` creates colors more bright (usable for computer -presentations). On the other hand CMYK makes colors more true\fnote -{Printed output is more equal to the monitor preview especialy if you are -using ICC profile for your printer.} -for printing. - -\new -You can define your color by a linear combination of previously defined colors using -`\colordef`. For example: - -\begtt -\colordef \myCyan {.3\Green + .5\Blue} % 30 % green, 50 % blue, rest is white -\colordef \DarkBlue {\Blue + .4\Black} % Blue mixed with 40 % of black -\colordef \myGreen{\Cyan+\Yellow} % exact the same as \Green -\colordef \MyColor {.3\Orange+.5\Green+.2\Yellow} -\endtt -% -The linear combination is done in CMYK substractive color space by default -(RGB colors used in `\colordef` argument are converted first). -If the resulting component is greater than 1 then it is truncated to 1. -If a convex linear combination (as in the last example above) is used then it -emulates color behavior on a painter's palette. -You can use `\rgbcolordef` instead `\colordef` if you want to mix colors -in additive RGB color space. - -More about colors, about CMYK versus RGB and -about the `\colordef` command is written in the `colors.opm` file. - -\def\coloron#1#2#3{% - \setbox0=\hbox{#3}\leavevmode - {\localcolor\rlap{#1\strut \vrule width\wd0}#2\box0}% -} -The following example defines a macro which creates the -\coloron\Yellow\Brown{colored text on the colored background}. Usage: -`\coloron<background><foreground>{<text>}` - -The `\coloron` can be defined as follows: - -\begtt -\def\coloron#1#2#3{% - \setbox0=\hbox{#3}\leavevmode - {\rlap{#1\strut \vrule width\wd0}#2\box0}% -} -\coloron\Yellow\Brown{The brown text on the yellow backround} -\endtt - -\secc Images -%%%%%%%%%%% - -The `\inspic {<filename>.<extension>}` or -`\inspic <filename>.<extension><space>` -inserts the picture stored in -the graphics file with the name `<filename>.<extension>` to the document. -You can set the picture width by `\picw=<dimen>` -before `\inspic` command which declares the width of the picture -The image files can be in the PNG, JPG, JBIG2 or PDF format. - -The `\picwidth` is an equivalent register to `\picw`. Moreover there is an -`\picheight` register which denotes the height of the picture. If both -registers are set then the picture will be (probably) deformed. - -The image files are searched in `\picdir`. This token list is empty -by default, this means that the image files are searched in the -current directory. Example: `\picdir={img/}` supposes that image files are -in `img` subdirectory. Note: the directory name must end by `/` in `\picdir` -declaration. - -Inkscape\fnote -{A powerfull and free wysiwyg editor for creating vector graphics.} -is able to save a picture to PDF and labels of the picture to another -file\fnote -{Chose \"Omit text in PDF and create LaTeX file" option.}. -This second file should be read by \TeX/ in order to print labels -in the same font as document font. \OpTeX/ supports this feature by -`\inkinspic {<filename>.pdf}` command. It reads and displays both: PDF image -and labes generated by Inkscape. - -If you want to create a vector graphics (diagrams, schema, geometry -skicing) then you can do it in Wysiwyg graphics editor (Inkscape, Geogebra for -example), export the result to PDF and include it by `\inspic`. -If you want to \"programm" such pictures then Tikz package is recommended. -It works in Plain \TeX. - -\secc PDF transformations -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -All typesetting elements are transformed by linear -transformation given by the current transformation matrix. The -`\pdfsetmatrix {<a> <b> <c> <d>}` command makes the internal multiplication -with the current matrix so linear transformations can be composed. -One linear transformation given by the `\pdfsetmatrix` above transforms -the vector $[0,1]$ to $[<a>,<b>]$ and $[1,0]$ to $[<c>,<d>]$. -The stack-oriented commands `\pdfsave` and `\pdfrestore` gives a possibility of -storing and restoring the current transformation matrix and the current point. -The position of the current point have to be the same from \TeX{}'s point of -view as from transformation point of view when `\pdfrestore` is processed. -Due to this fact the `\pdfsave\rlap{<transformed text>}\pdfrestore` -or something similar is recommended. - -\OpTeX/ provides two special transformation macros: - -\begtt -\pdfscale{<horizontal-factor>}{<vertical-factor>} -\pdfrotate{<angle-in-degrees>} -\endtt - -These macros simply calls the properly `\pdfsetmatrix` command. - -It is known that the composition of transformations is not commutative. It -means that the order is important. You have to read the transformation -matrices from right to left. Example: - -\begtt -First: \pdfsave \pdfrotate{30}\pdfscale{-2}{2}\rlap{text1}\pdfrestore - % text1 is scaled two times and it is reflected about vertical axis - % and next it is rotated by 30 degrees left. -second: \pdfsave \pdfscale{-2}{2}\pdfrotate{30}\rlap{text2}\pdfrestore - % text2 is rotated by 30 degrees left then it is scaled two times - % and reflected about vertical axis. -third: \pdfsave \pdfrotate{-15.3}\pdfsetmatrix{2 0 1.5 2}\rlap{text3}% - \pdfrestore % first slanted, then rotated by 15.3 degrees right -\endtt -% -\par\nobreak\bigskip\smallskip -This gives the following result. -First: \pdfsave \pdfrotate{30}\pdfscale{-2}{2}\rlap{text1}\pdfrestore -second: \pdfsave \pdfscale{-2}{2}\pdfrotate{30}\rlap{text2}\pdfrestore -third: \pdfsave \pdfrotate{-15.3}\pdfsetmatrix{2 0 1.5 2}\rlap{text3}\pdfrestore -\par\nobreak\bigskip\penalty0%\bigskip - -You can see that \TeX/ knows nothing about dimensions of transfomed material, -it treats it as with a zero dimension object. -\new -This problem is solved by the `\transformbox{<transformation>}{<text>}` -macro which puts the transformed -material to a box with relevant dimension. The <transfromation> parameter -includes one or more transfromation commands `\pdfsetmatrix`, `\pdfscale`, -`\pdfrotate` with their parameters. The <text> is transformed text. - -Example: `\frame{\transformbox{\pdfscale{1}{1.5}\pdfrotate{-10}}{moj}}` -creates \frame{\transformbox{\pdfscale{1}{1.5}\pdfrotate{-10}}{moj}}. - -The `\rotbox{<deg>}{<text>}` is a shortcut for -`\transformbox{\pdfrotate{<deg>}}{<text>}`. - -\secc Ovals, circles -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\new -The `\inoval{<text>}` creates a box like this: \inoval{text}. -Multiline text can be put in an oval by the command `\inoval{\vbox{<text>}}`. -Local settings can be set by -`\inoval[<settings>]{<text>}` or you can re-declare global settings by -`\ovalparams={<settings>}`. The default settings are: - -\begtt -\ovalparams={\roudness=2pt % diameter of circles in the corners - \fcolor=\Yellow % color used for filling oval - \lcolor=\Red % line color used in the border - \lwidth=0.5bp % line width in the border - \shadow=N % use a shadow effect - \overlapmargins=N % ignore margins by surrounding text - \hhkern=0pt \vvkern=0pt} % left-righ margin, top-bottom margin -\endtt -The total distance from text to oval boundary is `\hhkern+\roudness` at the left and right -sides and -`\vvkern+\roundness` at the top and bottom sides of the text. - -If you need a setting for the `<text>` (color, size, font etc.), use -`\oval{<text settings><text>}`. - -\new -The `\incircle[\ratio=1.8]{<text>}` creates a box like this \incircle[\ratio=1.8]{text}. -The `\ratio` is width/height. The usage is analogical like for oval. -The default settings of parameters are - -\begtt -\circleparams={\ratio=1 \fcolor=\Yellow \lcolor=\Red \lwidth=0.5bp - \shadow=N \ignoremargins=N \hhkern=2pt \vvkern=2pt} -\endtt - -\new -The macros `\clipinoval <x> <y> <width> <height> {<text>}` -and `\clipincircle` (with the same parameters) -print the `<text>` when a clipping path (oval or cirle) with given -`<with>` and `<height>` shifted its center by `<x>` to right and by `<y>` to up -is used. -The `\roundness=5mm` is default for `\clipingoval` and user can change it. -Example: - -\begtt -\clipingcircle 3cm 3.5cm 6cm 7cm {\picw=6cm \inspic{myphoto.jpg}} -\endtt - -\secc Putting images and texts wherever - -\new -The `\puttext <x> <y> {<text>}` puts the `<text>` shifted by `<x>` right and by -`<y>` up from current point of typesetting and does'n not change the -position of the current point. Assume coordinate system with origin in the -current point. Then `\puttext <x> <y> {<text>}` puts the text at the -coordinates `<x>`, `<y>`. More exactly the left edge of its baseline is at that -position. - -\new -The `\putpic <x> <y> <width> <height> {<image>}` puts the `<image>` of given -`<width>` and `<height>` at given position (its left-bottom corner). -You can write `\nospec` instead `<width>` or `<height>` if this parameter is -not given. - -\sec Others -%%%%%%%%%%% - -\secc[lang] Using more languages -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\OpTeX/ prepares hyphenation patterns for all languages if such patterns are -available in your \TeX/ system. -\new -Only USenglish patterns (original from Plain \TeX/) are preloaded. -Hyphenation patterns of all another languages are loaded on demand when you first use -the `\<iso-code>lang` command in your document. -For example `\delang` for German, `\cslang` for -Czech, `\pllang` for Polish. The <iso-code> is a shortcut -of the language (mostly from ISO 639-1). -You can list all available languages by `\langlist` -macro. This macro prints now: - -\medskip -{\typosize[9/11.5]\emergencystretch=4em \hbadness=2000 -\noindent \langlist -\par} -\medskip - -\new -For compatibility with e-plain macros, there is the command -`\uselanguege{<language>}`. The parameter <language> is long form of -language name, i.e.\ `\uselanguage{Czech}` works the same as `\cslang`. -The `\uselanguage` parameter is case insensitive. - -For compatibility with \csplain/, there are macros `\ehyph`, `\chyph`, -`\shyph` which are equivalent to `\enlang`, `\cslang` and `\sklang`. - -You can switch between language patterns by `\<iso-code>lang` commands mentioned -above. Default is `\enlang`. - -\OpTeX/ generates three words used for captions and titles in technical -articles or books: \"Chapter", \"Table" and \"Figure". These words need to be known -in used language and it depends on the previously used language selectors -`\<iso-code>lang`. \OpTeX/ declares these words only for few languages: -\new -Czech, German, Spanish, French, Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Slovak and -English, If you need to use these words in another languages or you want to -auto-generate more words in your macros, then you can declare it by -`\sdef` or `\_langw` commands as shown in the file `languages.opm`. - -The `\makeindex` command needs to know the sorting rules used in your language. -\OpTeX/ defines only few language rules for sorting: Czech, -Slovak and English. How to declare sorting rules for more languages are -described in the file `makeindex.opm`. - -If you declare `\<iso-code>quotes`, then the control sequences `\"` and `\'` -should be used like this: `\"<quoted text>"` or `\'<quoted text>'` -(note that the terminating character is the same but it isn't escaped). -This prints language dependent normal or alternative quotes around -<quoted text>. The language is specified by <iso-code>. \OpTeX/ declares -quotes only for Czech, German, Spanish, French, Greek, Italian, Polish, -Russian, Slovak and English (`\csquotes`, `\dequotes`, \dots, `\enquotes`). -You can simply define your own quotes as shown in `languages.opm` file. -The `\"` is used for quotes visualy more similar to the `"` character which -can be primary quotes or secondary quotes depending on the language rules. -May be you want to alternate meaning of these two types of quotes. Use -`\<isocode>quotes\altquotes` in such case. - -\secc Pre-defined styles -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\OpTeX/ defines three style-declaration macros `\report`, `\letter` and -`\slides`. You can use them at the beginning of your document if you are -preparing these types of document and you don't need to create your own -macros. - -The `\report` declaration is intended to create reports. It -sets default font size to 11\,pt and `\parindent` (paragraph indentation) to 1.2\,em. -The `\tit` macro uses smaller font because we assume that \"chapter level" -will be not used in reports. The first page has no page number, but next pages -are numbered (from number~2). Footnotes are numbered from one in whole -document. The macro `\author <authors><end-line>` can be used when -`\report` is declared. It prints `<authors>` in italics at center of the -line. You can separate authors by `\nl` to more lines. - -The `\letter` declaration is intended to create letters. See an example in -the file `op-letter.tex`. The `\letter` style sets default -font size to 11\,pt and `\parindent` to 0\,pt. It sets half-line space -between paragraphs. The page numbers are not printed. The `\subject` macro -can be used, it prints the word \"Subject:" or \"Věc" (or something else -depending on current language) in bold. Moreover, the `\address` macro -can be used when `\letter` is declared. The usage of the `\address` macro -looks like: - -\begtt -\address - <first line of address> - <second line of address> - <etc.> - <empty line> -\endtt - -It means that you need not to use any special mark at the end of lines: end -of lines in the source file are the same as in printed output. The -`\address` macro creates `\vtop` with address lines. The width of such -`\vtop` is equal to the most wide line used in it. So, you can use -`\hfill\address...` in order to put the address box to the right side of the -document. Or you can use `<prefixed text>\address...` to put -`<prefixed text>` before first line of the address. - -The `\slides` style ceates a simple presentation slides. See an example -in the file `op-slides.tex`. Run `optex op-slides.tex` and see the usage of -`\slides` style in the file `op-slides.pdf`. - -Analogical declaration macros `\book` is not prepared. Each book needs an -individual typographical care so you need to create specific macros for -design. - -\secc Lorem ipsum dolor sit -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\new -A designer needs to concentrate to the design of the output and maybe he/she -needs a material for testing macros. There is the possibility to generate a -neutral text for such experiments. Use `\lorem[<number>]` or -`\lorem[<from>-<to>]`. It prints a paragraph (or paragraphs) with neutral -text. The numbers <number> or <from>, <to> must be in the range 1 to 150 -because there are 150 paragraphs with neutral text prepared for you. -The `\lipsum` macro is equivalent to `\lorem`. Example `\lipsum[1-150]` -prints all prepared paragraphs. - -\secc Logos -%%%%%%%%%% - -\new -The control sequences for typical logos can be terminated by optional `/` -which is ignored when printing. This makes logos more legible in source file: - -\begtt -We are using \TeX/ because it is cool. \OpTeX/ is better than \LaTeX. -\endtt - -\secc The last page -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -The number of the last page (it may be different from number of pages) is -expanded by `\lastpage` macro. It expands to `?` in first \TeX/ run and to -the last page in next \TeX/ runs. - -There is an example for footlines in the format \"current page / last page": - -\begtt -\footline={\hss \fixedrm \folio/\lastpage \hss} -\endtt - -\new -The `\lastpage` expands to the last `\folio` which is a decimal -number or roman nummeral (when `\pageno` is negative). If you need to know -total pages used in the document, use `\totalpages` macro. It expands to -zero (in first \TeX/ run) or to the number of all pages in the document -(in next \TeX/ runs). - -\secc Use \OpTeX/ -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\new -The command `\useOpTeX` (or `\useoptex`) does nothing in \OpTeX/ but it causes -an error (undefined control sequence) when another format is used. You can -put it as the first command in your document: - -\begtt -\useOpTeX % we are using OpTeX format, no LaTeX :) -\endtt - -\sec Summary -%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\begtt \typosize[10/12]\adef!{\string\endtt}\adef&{\kern.25em} -\tit Title (terminated by end of line) -\chap Chapter Title (terminated by end of line) -\sec Section Title (terminated by end of line) -\secc Subsection Title (terminated by end of line) - -\maketoc % table of contents generation -\ii item1,item2 % insertion the items to the index -\makeindex % the index is generated - -\label [labname] % link target location -\ref [labname] % link to the chapter, section, subsection, equation -\pgref [labname] % link to the page of the chapter, section, ... - -\caption/t % a numbered table caption -\caption/f % a numbered caption for the picture -\eqmark % a numbered equation - -\begitems % start list of the items -\enditems % end of list of the items -\begtt % start verbatim text -! % end verbatim text -\activettchar X % initialization character X for in-text verbatim -\code % another alternative for in-text verbatim -\verbinput % verbatim extract from the external file -\begmulti num % start multicolumn text (num columns) -\endmulti % end multicolumn text - -\cite [labnames] % refers to the item in the lits of references -\rcite [labnames] % similar to \cite but [] are not printed. -\sortcitations \shortcitations \nonumcitations % cite format -\bib [labname] % an item in the list of references -\usebib/? (style) bib-base % direct using of .bib file, ? in {s,c} - -\fontfam [FamilyName] % selection of font family -\typosize [font-size/baselineskip] % size setting of typesetting -\typoscale [factor-font/factor-baselineskip] % size scaling -\thefontsize [size] \thefontscale [factor] % current font size - -\inspic file.ext % insert a picture, extensions: jpg, png, pdf -\table {rule}{data} % simple macro for the tables like in LaTeX - -\fnote {text} % footnote (local numbering on each page) -\mnote {text} % note in the margin (left or right by page number) - -\hyperlinks {color-in}{color-out} % PDF links activate as clickable -\outlines {level} % PDF will have a table of contents in the left tab +\insertoutline{CONTENTS} \outlines{0} -\magscale[factor] % resize typesetting, line/page breaking unchanged -\margins/pg format (left, right, top, bottom)unit % margins setting +\notoc\nonum \sec Contents +\maketoc -\report \letter \slides % style declaration macros -\endtt +\chap User documentation +\input optex-userdoc +\endgroup -\sec Compatibility with Plain \TeX/ -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%\end -All macros of Plain \TeX/ are re-written in \OpTeX/. Common macros should -work in the same sense as in original Plain \TeX. Internal control sequences -\new -like `\p@` or `\f@@t` are removed and mostly replaced by control sequences -prefixed by `_` (like `\_this`). All primitives and common macros have two -control sequences with the same meaning: in prefixed and unprefixed form. -For example `\hbox` is equal to `\_hbox`. -Internal macros of \OpTeX/ have and use only prefixed form. User should use -unprefixed forms, but prefixed forms are accessible too, because the `_` is -set as a letter category code globally (in macro files and in users document too). User -should re-define unprefixed forms of control sequences with no worries that -something internal will be broken (only the sequence `\par` cannot be -re-defined without internal change of \TeX/ behavior because it is -hard-coded in \TeX/s tokenization processor). +\input optex-techdoc -\new -The Latin Modern 8bit fonts instead Computer Modern 7bit fonts are -preloaded in the format, but only few ones. The full family set is ready to -use after the command `\fontfam[LMfonts]` which reads the fonts in OTF -format. +\vfil\break -\new -The text accents macros like `\'`, `\v`, `\"` are undefined\fnote -{The math accents macros like `\acute`, `\bar`, `\dot`, `\hat` still work.} -in \OpTeX/. Use real -letters like á, ř, ž in your source document instead these old accents macros. -If you really want to use them, you can initialize them by `\oldaccents` -command. But we don't recommend it. +\def\_printchap#1{\noindent{\_printrefnum[@]\_secfont #1}\medskip} -\new -The default paper size is not set as letter with 1\,in margins but as A4 with -2.5\,cm margins. You can change it, for example by -`\margins/1 letter (1,1,1,1)in`. This example sets the classical Plain \TeX/ -page layout. +\nonum\chap Index -\new -The origin for typographical area is not at top left 1\,in 1\,in coordinates -but at top left paper corner exactly. For example, `\hoffset` includes directly left -margin. +\begmulti 3 \tt \makeindex \endmulti \bye - |