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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
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+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.10: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
+<title>isomath</title>
+<meta name="author" content="Günter Milde" />
+<meta name="date" content="2012-09-04" />
+<meta name="copyright" content="© 2008, 2012 Günter Milde" />
+<style type="text/css">
+
+/*
+:Author: David Goodger (goodger@python.org)
+:Id: $Id: html4css1.css 7434 2012-05-11 21:06:27Z milde $
+:Copyright: This stylesheet has been placed in the public domain.
+
+Default cascading style sheet for the HTML output of Docutils.
+
+See http://docutils.sf.net/docs/howto/html-stylesheets.html for how to
+customize this style sheet.
+*/
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+ color: black }
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+ margin: 2em 4em }
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+h1 tt.docutils, h2 tt.docutils, h3 tt.docutils,
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+</style>
+<style type="text/css">
+
+/* html4css2.css: Cascading style sheet for Docutils' html4strict writer. */
+/* */
+/* :Author: Günter Milde */
+/* :Copyright: © 2009 Günter Milde. */
+/* Released without warranties or conditions of any kind */
+/* under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0 */
+/* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 */
+/* */
+/* This stylesheet supplements the Docutils standard style 'html4css1.css'. */
+/* It uses CSS 2.1 elements (supported by up-to-date versions of popular */
+/* browsers). */
+
+/* General rules */
+/* ============= */
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+body {
+ padding: 0 5%;
+ margin: 8px 0;
+ line-height:1.3;
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+ margin-top: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 0;
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+/* except for these */
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+/* ----------- */
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+/* field names followed by a colon */
+dl.field-list > dt:after, dl.docinfo > dt:after {
+ content: ":";
+}
+
+/* Offset for field content (corresponds to the --field-name-limit option) */
+dl.field-list > dd {
+ margin-left: 9em; /* ca. 14 chars in the test examples */
+ padding-left: 0.5em;
+}
+
+/* start field-body on a new line after long field names */
+dl.field-list > dd p {
+ width: 100%;
+/* display: inline-block; */
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+}
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+dl.field-list > dd > p:first-child,
+/* dl.field-list > dd > ol:first-child, */
+/* dl.field-list > dd > ul:first-child, */
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+ margin-left: 8em;
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+}
+
+/* start description on a new line after long options */
+dl.option-list > dd p {
+ width: 100%;
+ display: inline-block;
+}
+
+/* footnotes */
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+ text-decoration: inherit; /* do not underline footnote links */
+}
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+ /* line on the left */
+ padding-left: 1ex;
+ border-left: solid;
+ border-left-width: thin;
+ /* border-color: black; */
+}
+
+/* paragraph on same line as backrefs */
+dd > em {
+/* background: green; */
+ float: left;
+ margin-right: 1ex
+}
+
+
+/*
+Ordered List (Enumeration)
+--------------------------
+
+Use counters to replace the deprecated start attribute. Make sure the
+resulting list resembles the list-style 'outside' with a hanging indent.
+*/
+
+/* New ordered list: reset counter, suppress the default label */
+ol, ol.arabic, ol.loweralpha, ol.upperalpha,
+ol.lowerroman, ol.upperroman {
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+}
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+ margin-top: 0;
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+ content: counter(item) ".";
+ /* display next to the content (aligned top-right), */
+ display: inline-block;
+ text-align: right;
+ vertical-align: top;
+ /* sum must match ol>li {text-indent:} (40px is Mozillas default) */
+ width: 35px;
+ padding-right: 5px;
+/* background: yellow; */
+}
+
+/* The list item's first line starts next to the label, without indent */
+ol > li > p:first-child,
+ol > li > ol:first-child,
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+ display: inline-block;
+ /* background: lightblue; */
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+ content: counter(item, lower-alpha) ")";
+}
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+ content: "(" counter(item, lower-roman) ")";
+}
+ol.upperroman > li:before {
+ content: counter(item, upper-roman) ")";
+}
+/* nested counters (1, 1.1, 1.1.1, etc) */
+/* nested enumerated lists "inherit" the class attribute, other lists not */
+ol.nested > li:before, ol.nested ol > li:before {
+ content: counters(item, ".") " ";
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+
+/* lists nested in definition list */
+
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+ padding-left: 0pt;
+}
+
+/* TODO: prefix, suffix? */
+
+/* smaller font for super- and subscripts */
+/* sub, sup {font-size: 70%;} */ /* Mozilla default is `smaller` */
+
+
+/* Tables */
+/* ====== */
+
+/* margins and borders for "normal" tables */
+table {
+/* background: magenta; */
+ margin-top: 1em ;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+/* border-style: outset; */
+ border-style: solid;
+ border-color: silver;
+ border-width: thin;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+blockquote > table {
+ margin-top: 0em ;
+ margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
+
+td, th {
+ border-style: solid;
+ border-width: thin;
+ border-color: silver;
+ /* text-align: left; */
+ padding: 0 1ex;
+}
+
+td > p:first-child, th > p:first-child {
+ margin-top: 0;
+}
+td > p, th > p {
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+/* no borders for "borderless" tables */
+table.borderless, table.borderless * {
+ border-style: none;
+}
+
+/* "booktabs" style (no vertical lines) */
+table.booktabs {
+ border: 0;
+ border-top: 2px solid;
+ border-bottom: 2px solid;
+}
+
+table.booktabs * {
+ border: 0;
+}
+table.booktabs th {
+ border-bottom: thin solid;
+}
+
+table > caption {
+ text-align: left;
+ margin-bottom: 0.25em
+/* padding: 2em 0 1em 0; */
+}
+
+/* numbered tables*/
+table.numbered > caption:before {
+ counter-increment: table; /* defined/re-set in body */
+ content: "Table " counter(table) ": ";
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+
+/* literal text
+ ------------
+*/
+/* whitespace and wrapping in inline literals */
+/* possible values: normal, nowrap, pre, pre-wrap, pre-line */
+tt.literal {
+ white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+/* /* compensate for initial line-break (which is literal with XHTML 1.1) */ */
+/* pre.literal-block, pre.doctest-block { */
+/* margin-top: 0em ; */
+/* } */
+
+/* Table of Contents */
+
+/* don't indent like a topic */
+div.topic.contents {
+ margin: 0;
+}
+/* div.topic.contents ul { */
+/* list-style: none; */
+/* } */
+
+div.topic.contents a {
+ text-decoration: none; /* no underline for links */
+}
+
+/* section numbers */
+
+span.sectnum {
+ padding-right: 1ex;
+}
+
+/* admonitions */
+
+/* no padding for top and bottom */
+div.admonition, div.attention, div.caution, div.danger, div.error,
+div.hint, div.important, div.note, div.tip, div.warning {
+ padding: 0px 1em }
+
+</style>
+<style type="text/css">
+
+/* Stylesheet for isomath documentation
+:Copyright: 2008 G. Milde
+ This stylesheet is released under the GPL v. 2
+*/
+
+dl.docutils dt { font-weight: bold; }
+
+/* docinfo */
+
+dl.docinfo > dt { display: none; }
+dl.docinfo > dd {
+ margin-left: 0;
+ padding: 0 5%;
+}
+dl.docinfo > dt.author + dd {
+ font-size: larger;
+ text-align: center;
+ padding-bottom: 1em;
+}
+dt.date {
+ display: none;
+}
+dt.date + dd {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ text-align: center;
+ padding-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+div.abstract {
+ padding: 0 5%;
+}
+
+a.reference.internal {
+ text-decoration: none;
+ color: darkblue;
+}
+
+a.reference.external {
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+/* a.reference.external:after { */
+/* content: "⎘"; */
+/* font-size: x-small; */
+/* vertical-align: super; */
+/* } */
+
+dl.footnote > dd {
+ margin-left: 1.2em;
+}
+dl.footnote > dt {
+ font-size: small;
+ vertical-align: super;
+}
+
+a.footnote-reference > sup {
+ font-size: small;
+ vertical-align: super;
+ }
+
+td, th {
+ padding-bottom: 0.1ex;
+ padding-top: 0.1ex;
+}
+
+/* let borderless overreide booktab */
+.booktabs.borderless,
+table.booktabs.borderless td, table.booktabs.borderless th {
+ border: 0;
+ margin-left: 2em;
+ }
+
+table.docutils td, table.docutils th,
+ vertical-align: bottom; }
+
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="document" id="isomath">
+<h1 class="title">isomath</h1>
+<h2 class="subtitle" id="mathematical-style-for-science-and-technology">Mathematical style for science and technology</h2>
+
+<dl class="docinfo simple">
+<dt class="author">Author</dt>
+<dd class="author">Günter Milde</dd>
+<dt class="date">Date</dt>
+<dd class="date">2012-09-04</dd>
+<dt class="copyright">Copyright</dt>
+<dd class="copyright">© 2008, 2012 Günter Milde</dd>
+<dt>Licence</dt>
+<dd><p>This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
+conditions of the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt">LaTeX Project Public License</a>, either
+version&nbsp;1.3 of this license or (at your option) any later version.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<div class="abstract topic">
+<p class="topic-title first">Abstract</p>
+<p>The <cite>isomath</cite> package provides tools for a mathematical style
+that conforms to the International Standard ISO&nbsp;80000-2 and is
+common in science and technology. It changes the default shape of
+capital Greek letters to italic, sets up bold italic and
+sans-serif bold italic math alphabets with Latin and Greek
+characters, and defines macros for markup of vector, matrix and
+tensor symbols.</p>
+</div>
+<!-- -*- rst-mode -*- -->
+<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
+<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
+<ul class="auto-toc simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#features" id="id36"><span class="sectnum">1</span> Features</a></p>
+<ul class="auto-toc">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#iso-math-style" id="id37"><span class="sectnum">1.1</span> “ISO” math style</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#new-math-alphabets" id="id38"><span class="sectnum">1.2</span> New math alphabets</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#semantic-markup" id="id39"><span class="sectnum">1.3</span> Semantic markup</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#usage" id="id40"><span class="sectnum">2</span> Usage</a></p>
+<ul class="auto-toc">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#options" id="id41"><span class="sectnum">2.1</span> Options</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#examples" id="id42"><span class="sectnum">2.2</span> Examples</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#related-packages" id="id43"><span class="sectnum">3</span> Related packages</a></p>
+<ul class="auto-toc">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#requirements" id="id44"><span class="sectnum">3.1</span> Requirements</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#recommendations" id="id45"><span class="sectnum">3.2</span> Recommendations</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#alternatives" id="id46"><span class="sectnum">3.3</span> Alternatives</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#conflicts" id="id47"><span class="sectnum">3.4</span> Conflicts</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#background" id="id48"><span class="sectnum">4</span> Background</a></p>
+<ul class="auto-toc">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#math-font-selection" id="id49"><span class="sectnum">4.1</span> Math font selection</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding" id="id50"><span class="sectnum">4.2</span> OML font encoding</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#unicode-mathematical-typesetting" id="id51"><span class="sectnum">4.3</span> Unicode mathematical typesetting</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#conclusions-and-outlook" id="id52"><span class="sectnum">4.4</span> Conclusions and outlook</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#references" id="id53"><span class="sectnum">5</span> References</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="features">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id36"><span class="sectnum">1</span> Features</a></h1>
+<!-- How do you write the stress tensor ``$\sigma$`` in a
+*sans-serif bold italic* typeface, as recommended by [typefaces]_? -->
+<p>In their style guides, e. g. <a class="citation-reference" href="#typefaces" id="id1">[typefaces]</a>, <a class="citation-reference" href="#checklist" id="id2">[checklist]</a>, <a class="citation-reference" href="#si" id="id3">[SI]</a>,
+<a class="citation-reference" href="#fonts-for-symbols" id="id4">[fonts_for_symbols]</a>, <a class="citation-reference" href="#red-book" id="id5">[Red-Book]</a>, <a class="citation-reference" href="#green-book" id="id6">[Green-Book]</a>, many international
+scientific organisations recommend layout rules for mathematics in line with
+the International Standard <a class="citation-reference" href="#iso-80000-2" id="id7">[ISO-80000-2]</a>.</p>
+<div class="admonition-international-standard-layout-rules admonition">
+<p class="admonition-title">International standard layout rules</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>The overall rule is that symbols representing physical quantities
+(or variables) are italic, but symbols representing units, or
+labels, are roman.</p></li>
+<li><p>Symbols for vectors and matrices are bold italic, symbols for tensors
+are sans-serif bold italic.</p></li>
+<li><p>The above rules apply equally to letter symbols from the Greek and the
+Latin alphabet.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<!-- The recommendations in this standard are intended mainly for use in the
+natural sciences and technology, but also apply to other areas where
+mathematics is used. -->
+<p>TeX's default mathematical style deviates from this rules in several
+points:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>Capital Greek letters default to upright shape,</p></li>
+<li><p>small Greek letters are excluded from font changes with the <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabet">math
+alphabet</a> commands, and</p></li>
+<li><p>the <tt class="literal">\vec</tt> command produces an arrow accent.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>The <cite>isomath</cite> package implements an <a class="reference internal" href="#iso-math-style">“ISO” math style</a>, provides <a class="reference internal" href="#new-math-alphabets">new math
+alphabets</a> with <em>bold italic</em> and <em>sans-serif bold italic</em> type and macros
+for <a class="reference internal" href="#semantic-markup">semantic markup</a> of vector, matrix and tensor symbols. It can be
+combined with most packages for mathematical typesetting (see
+<a class="reference external" href="isomath-test.tex">isomath-test.tex</a> and the sections on <a class="reference internal" href="#alternatives">alternatives</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#conflicts">conflicts</a>).</p>
+<div class="section" id="iso-math-style">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id37"><span class="sectnum">1.1</span> “ISO” math style</a></h2>
+<p>Isomath builds on the package <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> by Walter Schmidt to change the
+default mathematics layout to the “ISO” <a class="reference internal" href="#math-style">math style</a>:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>Capital Greek letters are typeset in italic shape by default.</p></li>
+<li><p>Both, Greek and Latin letters change shape if a different
+<a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabet">math alphabet</a> is used.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<div class="caution">
+<p class="admonition-title">Caution!</p>
+<p>Be careful with Greek letters in the argument of <tt class="literal">\mathit</tt>, <tt class="literal">\mathrm</tt>,
+<tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt>, <tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt>, and <tt class="literal">\mathtt</tt>. By default, these <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math
+alphabets</a> use text fonts. Fonts in OT1 text font encoding have capital
+(but not small) Greek letters at the expected places, T1 encoded text fonts
+have no Greek letters at all.</p>
+<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="#examples">examples</a> section on <a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-get-upright-small-greek-letters">how to get upright small Greek letters</a> in
+mathematical context.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="new-math-alphabets">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id38"><span class="sectnum">1.2</span> New math alphabets</a></h2>
+<p><cite>Isomath</cite> defines the new <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a>:</p>
+<table class="borderless booktabs numbered align-left">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="21%" />
+<col width="31%" />
+<col width="47%" />
+</colgroup>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>boldface italic</p></td>
+<td><p>vector and matrix symbols</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>sans-serif italic</p></td>
+<td><p>optional (see OMLmath*_ options)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfbfit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>sans-serif bold italic</p></td>
+<td><p>tensor symbols</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>For compatibility with earlier versions and <a class="reference internal" href="#related-packages">related packages</a>, the
+new math alphabets are also available under the aliases
+<tt class="literal">\mathbold</tt>, <tt class="literal">\mathsans</tt>, and <tt class="literal">\mathboldsans</tt>.</p>
+<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#rmdefault">rmdefault</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#sfdefault">sfdefault</a> <a class="reference internal" href="#options">options</a> set the font family used for
+these alphabets.</p>
+<div class="caution">
+<p class="admonition-title">Caution!</p>
+<p>Using the new math alphabets for numbers can result in upright old-style
+numbers instead of italic ones, because some italic math fonts (e. g.,
+<tt class="literal">cmr</tt>, <tt class="literal">cmbr</tt>) contain old-style in place of italic digits.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="semantic-markup">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id39"><span class="sectnum">1.3</span> Semantic markup</a></h2>
+<p>The following commands set the argument in an ISO-conforming <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabet">math alphabet</a>:</p>
+<table class="borderless booktabs numbered align-left">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="39%" />
+<col width="61%" />
+</colgroup>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\vectorsym, \matrixsym</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>bold&nbsp;italic for Greek and Latin letters,
+bold&nbsp;upright for numbers</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\tensorsym</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>sans-serif bold italic</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="usage">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id40"><span class="sectnum">2</span> Usage</a></h1>
+<p>Make sure that LaTeX can find <tt class="literal">isomath.sty</tt> and load it with:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage{isomath}
+</pre>
+<p>Optionally redefine the standard vector macro <tt class="literal">\vec</tt>:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\renewcommand{\vec}{\vectorsym}
+</pre>
+<p>(see also <a class="reference internal" href="#options">Options</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a>, and <a class="reference external" href="isomath-test.tex">isomath-test.tex</a>).</p>
+<div class="section" id="options">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id41"><span class="sectnum">2.1</span> Options</a></h2>
+<div class="section" id="rmdefault">
+<h3><span class="sectnum">2.1.1</span> rmdefault</h3>
+<p>Family for serif math fonts (<tt class="literal">\mathrm</tt>, <tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt>, <tt class="literal">\mathit</tt>,
+<tt class="literal">\mathbfit</tt>). The default is to use the corresponding text font
+family (the value of <tt class="literal">\rmdefault</tt>). The font must be available in
+<a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a> (cf. <a class="reference internal" href="#table-3">Table&nbsp;3</a>).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="sfdefault">
+<h3><span class="sectnum">2.1.2</span> sfdefault</h3>
+<p>Family for sans-serif math fonts. The default is <tt class="literal">cmbr</tt> because most
+sans-serif fonts define the Computer Roman font <cite>cmm</cite> as OML substitution
+(see <a class="reference internal" href="#table-4">Table&nbsp;4</a>).</p>
+<p>There are only few sans serif fonts in <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>:</p>
+<table class="borderless booktabs numbered align-left">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="14%" />
+<col width="15%" />
+<col width="72%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>Name</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Package</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Comment</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">cmbr</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a></p></td>
+<td><p><cite>Computer Modern Bright</cite>, bitmap, slightly lighter
+than cmss (Type 1 fonts with <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/hfbright.html">hfbright</a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">fav</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/arev.html">arev</a></p></td>
+<td><p><cite>Arev</cite> (<cite>Vera Sans</cite>), large x-height</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">hvm</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/hvmath.html">hvmath</a></p></td>
+<td><p><cite>Helvetica Math</cite>, commercial, free bitmap version</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">iwona</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/iwona.html">iwona</a></p></td>
+<td><p><cite>Iwona</cite>, humanistic sans serif,
+some shapes very similar to roman</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">jkpss</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a></p></td>
+<td><p><cite>Kepler Sans</cite>, quite light</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">llcmss</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/lxfonts.html">lxfonts</a></p></td>
+<td><p><cite>LX Fonts</cite>, “slide fonts”, very wide, large x-height</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="scaled">
+<h3><span class="sectnum">2.1.3</span> scaled</h3>
+<p>To improve the chances of finding a matching sans serif math font, the
+fonts <tt class="literal">fav</tt>, <tt class="literal">iwona</tt>, <tt class="literal">jkpss</tt>, and <tt class="literal">llcmss</tt> can be scaled with the
+<tt class="literal">scaled</tt> option (cf. <a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a>). For other fonts, the option is ignored.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="reusemathalphabets">
+<h3><span class="sectnum">2.1.4</span> reuseMathAlphabets</h3>
+<p>The definition of new math alphabets can lead to a “<a class="reference internal" href="#too-many-math-alphabets-used-in-version-normal">too many math
+alphabets used in version normal</a>” error. As a workaround, this
+option tells <cite>isomath</cite> to re-use the existing <tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt> and
+<tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt> alphabets for italic bold and sans-serif bold.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#id9" id="id8"><sup>1</sup></a></p>
+<dl class="footnote"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id8">1</a></dt>
+<dd id="id9">
+<p class="first last">To access the upright shapes, the corresponding <tt class="literal">\textbf</tt> and
+<tt class="literal">\textsf</tt> commands might be used. Watch for side-effects, as these
+commands switch to text mode so that the font settings in the embedding
+text apply.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="omlmathrm-omlmathbf-omlmathsf-omlmathsfit-omlmathtt">
+<span id="omlmath"></span><h3><span class="sectnum">2.1.5</span> OMLmathrm, OMLmathbf, OMLmathsf, OMLmathsfit, OMLmathtt</h3>
+<p>The <tt class="literal">OMLmath*</tt> options bind the corresponding <tt class="literal">\math*</tt> command to an
+OML-encoded font.</p>
+<p>The <tt class="literal">\mathsfit</tt> alphabet is not required for ISO conforming mathematical
+layout and therefore only defined if the <tt class="literal">OMLmathsfit</tt> argument is used.</p>
+<p>The predefined <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a> <tt class="literal">\mathrm</tt>, <tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt>, and <tt class="literal">\mathtt</tt>
+use OT1 encoded text fonts with ligatures and accents in place of the small
+Greek letters. The <tt class="literal">OMLmath*</tt> options enable the use of small Greek
+letters in <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabet">math alphabet</a> commands, e. g. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm{\pi}</span></tt>, if the
+corresponding font is available in <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>. <a class="reference internal" href="#table-3">Table&nbsp;3</a> lists
+font families supporting the OML encoding.</p>
+<div class="caution">
+<p class="admonition-title">Caution!</p>
+<p>If no matching OML encoded font is found, LaTeX's substitute mechanism
+selects a font with different font attributes (for all letters, not only
+Greek). Currently, only the <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a> package provides upright fonts in
+OML encoding. Many font packages define an <em>italic</em> font as OML substitute
+for roman fonts.</p>
+<p>With some packages, these options can result in a “<a class="reference internal" href="#too-many-math-alphabets-used-in-version-normal">too many math
+alphabets used in version normal</a>” error.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="examples">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id42"><span class="sectnum">2.2</span> Examples</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Use scaled <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/arev.html">arev</a> fonts for the sans serif math alphabets
+(adapt the scaling factor to your needs):</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[sfdefault=fav,scaled=0.875]{isomath}
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li><p>Define the <tt class="literal">\mathsfit</tt> sans-serif italic math alphabet:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[OMLmathsfit]{isomath}
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li><p>The <tt class="literal">\mathbfit</tt> and <tt class="literal">\mathsfbfit</tt> alphabets do not have a different
+weight in the <tt class="literal">bold</tt> <a class="reference internal" href="#math-version">math version</a> because the number of LaTeX math
+fonts providing <cite>extrabold</cite> or <cite>ultrabold</cite> series is negligible.</p>
+<p>As a workaround, use the heavier <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/arev.html">arev</a> font, scaled to 0,875, in the
+bold version of <tt class="literal">\mathsfbfit</tt>:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage{isomath}
+\DeclareFontShape{OML}{fav}{bx}{it}{&lt;-&gt; s * [0.875] zavmbi7m}{}
+\SetMathAlphabet{\mathsfbfit}{bold}{OML}{fav}{bx}{it}
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<p>See also the <a class="reference external" href="isomath-test.tex">isomath-test.tex</a> test document.</p>
+<div class="section" id="how-to-get-upright-small-greek-letters">
+<h3><span class="sectnum">2.2.1</span> How to get upright small Greek letters</h3>
+<p>Of the following methods, only the first requires <cite>isomath</cite>:</p>
+<ol class="loweralpha">
+<li><p>Use <cite>isomath</cite> and the <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a> package:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[utopia]{mathdesign}
+\usepackage[OMLmathrm,OMLmathbf]{isomath}
+</pre>
+<p>Now, e. g., <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm{\pi}</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf{\pi}</span></tt> work as
+expected.</p>
+</li>
+<li><p>To get upright small Greek letters without affecting other fonts,
+set the math alphabet manually to one of the three <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a>
+fonts, e. g.:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\SetMathAlphabet{\mathbf}{normal}{OML}{mdput}{b}{n}
+</pre>
+<p>(check if the letter shapes match with the rest of the document).</p>
+</li>
+<li><p>Use a package that provides macros for upright Greek letters
+in math mode:</p>
+<table class="borderless booktabs numbered align-left">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="26%" />
+<col width="74%" />
+</colgroup>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fourier.html">fourier</a></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\otheralpha ... \otherOmega</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\alphaup ... \Omegaup</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\alphaup ... \Omegaup</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/upgreek.html">upgreek</a></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\upalpha ... \upOmega</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</li>
+<li><p>Use an upright text character (requires a matching LGR-encoded
+Greek text font). The following lines redefine <tt class="literal">\pi</tt> to set
+the mathematical constant pi upright:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[greek,british]{babel}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\let\mathpi\pi
+\renewcommand{\pi}{\text{\textrm{\greektext p }}}
+</pre>
+</li>
+<li><p>Use the text character with the <cite>alphabeta</cite> package from the <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/lgrx.html">lgrx</a>
+bundle:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{alphabeta}
+</pre>
+<p>and in the body</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">$ u = 2 \text{\pi} r $
+</pre>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="related-packages">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id43"><span class="sectnum">3</span> Related packages</a></h1>
+<div class="section" id="requirements">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id44"><span class="sectnum">3.1</span> Requirements</a></h2>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a></dt>
+<dd><p>by Walter Schmidt defines Greek letters as alphabetic symbols.</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kvoptions.html">kvoptions</a></dt>
+<dd><p>by Heiko Oberdiek facilitates the setup of package options
+and provides a key=value interface (based on <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/keyval.html">keyval</a>).</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="recommendations">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id45"><span class="sectnum">3.2</span> Recommendations</a></h2>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a></dt>
+<dd><p>by Walter Schmidt provides sans serif and sans-serif bold fonts
+for the <tt class="literal">\mathsfit</tt> and <tt class="literal">\mathsfbfit</tt> alphabets that match
+with Computer Modern and derivatives. Free Type 1 versions of the
+fonts are provided by <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/hfbright.html">hfbright</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/arev.html">arev</a></dt>
+<dd><p>by Stephen Hartke provides the not-so-light <cite>Arev</cite> sans serif font
+with letters that are clearly distinguishable from the roman or
+italic counterparts (important if used to distinguish vectors and
+tensors).</p>
+<p><cite>Arev</cite> has a large x-height. For many fonts, either small or capital
+letters will not match in size.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="alternatives">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id46"><span class="sectnum">3.3</span> Alternatives</a></h2>
+<p>The TUGboat article by Claudio Beccari <a class="citation-reference" href="#becc97" id="id10">[becc97]</a> discusses tricks and
+commands for physicists and engineers in order to satisfy the international
+regulations and to distinguish similar symbols with different meanings.</p>
+<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#table-2">Table&nbsp;2</a> for other packages that implement the “ISO” <a class="reference internal" href="#math-style">math style</a> and
+<a class="reference internal" href="#table-6">Table&nbsp;6</a> for packages that provide bold italic math fonts.</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt><a class="reference internal" href="#in-line-math-versions">“In-line math versions”</a></dt>
+<dd><p>can be used as ISO-conforming replacement for <tt class="literal">\vec</tt>:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><tt class="literal">\bm</tt> from the <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/bm.html">bm</a> package. Combining <cite>bm</cite> and <cite>isomath</cite> may
+lead to the <a class="reference internal" href="#too-many-math-alphabets-used-in-version-normal">too many math alphabets used in version normal</a> error.</p></li>
+<li><p><tt class="literal">\boldsymbol</tt> from <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/amsbsy.html">amsbsy</a> (part of <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/amsmath.html">amsmath</a>, the
+near-indispensable adjunct to serious mathematical typesetting in
+LaTeX),</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/amsmath.html">amsmath</a></dt>
+<dd><p>provides the command <tt class="literal">\text</tt>, that can be used to get, e. g., upright or
+sans-serif bold italic Greek symbols from a text font into a formula (see
+<a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-get-upright-small-greek-letters">How to get upright small Greek letters</a>).</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a></dt>
+<dd><p>for XeTeX and LuaTeX allows mathematical typesetting using OpenType
+math fonts. It supports the “ISO” <a class="reference internal" href="#math-style">math style</a> and all mathematical
+characters in the Unicode standard.</p>
+<p><cite>unicode-math</cite> cannot be used together with <cite>isomath</cite>. It can, however,
+replace all of isomath's functionality. See the discussion of <a class="reference internal" href="#the-unicode-math-package">the
+unicode-math package</a> below.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="conflicts">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id47"><span class="sectnum">3.4</span> Conflicts</a></h2>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>“<span class="target" id="too-many-math-alphabets-used-in-version-normal">too many math alphabets used in version normal</span>”</dt>
+<dd><p>This error occurs if the combination of packages tries to load more
+than 16 fonts into the <tt class="literal">normal</tt> <a class="reference internal" href="#math-version">math version</a>.</p>
+<p><cite>Isomath</cite> can reduce the number of math alphabet definitions with the
+<a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets">reuseMathAlphabets</a> option (see there for side-effects).</p>
+<p>Examples for problematic combinations:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/pxfonts.html">pxfonts</a>, and <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/txfonts.html">txfonts</a> packages define many
+additional math alphabets (<cite>kpfonts</cite> works with <cite>isomath</cite>, if
+it is loaded with <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\usepackage[nomathscript]{kpfonts}</span></tt>).</p></li>
+<li><p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/bm.html">bm</a> package normally allocates several symbol fonts for bold
+and heavy fonts. Their number can be customised by defining
+<tt class="literal">\bmmax</tt> and <tt class="literal">\hmmax</tt> before loading the package.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fourier.html">fourier</a></dt>
+<dd><p>provides upright and italic Greek letters, but uses non-standard
+math font encodings. It cannot be used with <cite>isomath</cite>.</p>
+<p>However, it is possible to use the non-alphanumeric symbols from
+<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fourier.html">fourier</a> together with math alphabets from another package, e.g
+<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a>:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\usepackage{fourier}
+\usepackage[OMLmathbf,rmdefault=mdput,
+ sfdefault=arev,scaled=0.85]{isomath}
+</pre>
+</dd>
+<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/sansmath.html">sansmath</a></dt>
+<dd><p>defines a <cite>sans</cite> <a class="reference internal" href="#math-version">math version</a> using <strong>text</strong> fonts in OT1 or T1 font
+encoding. As fixmath/isomath expect math fonts in <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>,
+Greek letters will not work inside the sans math version defined by
+sansmath.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="background">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id48"><span class="sectnum">4</span> Background</a></h1>
+<p>This section discusses LaTeX <a class="reference internal" href="#math-font-selection">math font selection</a>, the <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font
+encoding</a>, and the relation of LaTeX and <a class="reference internal" href="#unicode-mathematical-typesetting">Unicode mathematical
+typesetting</a>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="math-font-selection">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id49"><span class="sectnum">4.1</span> Math font selection</a></h2>
+<p>There are three complementary methods to set font attributes in LaTeX
+math mode: <cite>LaTeX 2e font selection</cite> <a class="citation-reference" href="#fntguide" id="id11">[fntguide]</a> describes <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math
+alphabets</a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#math-versions">math versions</a>, several extension packages
+provide alternative <a class="reference internal" href="#math-styles">math styles</a>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="math-alphabets">
+<span id="math-alphabet"></span><h3><span class="sectnum">4.1.1</span> Math alphabets</h3>
+<p>TeX's <em>math alphabets</em> correspond to the <a class="reference internal" href="#mathematical-alphanumeric-symbols">mathematical alphanumeric
+symbols</a> block in Unicode. Both are “to be used for mathematical
+variables where style variations are important semantically”.
+The font guide <a class="citation-reference" href="#fntguide" id="id12">[fntguide]</a> defines in
+section&nbsp;3:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Some math fonts are selected explicitly by one-argument commands
+such as <tt class="literal">\mathsf{max}</tt> or <tt class="literal">\mathbf{vec}</tt>; such fonts are called
+<em>math alphabets</em>.</p>
+<p>Math fonts [...] have the same five attributes as text fonts:
+encoding, family, series, shape and size. However, there are no
+commands that allow the attributes to be individually changed.
+Instead, the conversion from math fonts to these five attributes is
+controlled by the <a class="reference internal" href="#math-version">math version</a>.</p>
+<p>The <span class="target" id="predefined-math-alphabets">predefined math alphabets</span> are:</p>
+<table class="borderless booktabs numbered align-left">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="43%" />
+<col width="58%" />
+</colgroup>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathnormal</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>default<a class="footnote-reference" href="#mathnormal" id="id13"><sup>2</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathrm</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>roman<a class="footnote-reference" href="#roman" id="id14"><sup>3</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>bold roman</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>sans serif</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>text italic</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathtt</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>typewriter</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathcal</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>calligraphic</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+<dl class="footnote"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id13">2</a></dt>
+<dd id="mathnormal">
+<p class="first last"><tt class="literal">\mathnormal</tt> is used by default for alphanumeric
+characters in math mode. It sets the letter shape according to
+character class and <a class="reference internal" href="#math-style">math style</a>. (<a class="reference internal" href="#table-1">Table&nbsp;1</a> shows the default
+letter shapes for common math styles).</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id14">3</a></dt>
+<dd id="roman">
+<p class="first last">The specifier “roman” is ambiguous: roman shape
+stands for <em>upright</em>, while roman type stands for <em>serif</em> (as
+opposed to sans serif).</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<p>Many packages define additional math alphabets (cf. <a class="reference internal" href="#table-6">Table&nbsp;6</a>).</p>
+<p>In contrast to the similar named text commands, math alphabets are
+<em>not</em> orthogonal, e. g., the code <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">$\mathit{\mathbf{a}}$</span></tt> sets the
+letter <tt class="literal">a</tt> in <strong>upright</strong> bold type.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="math-versions">
+<span id="math-version"></span><h3><span class="sectnum">4.1.2</span> Math versions</h3>
+<p><em>Math versions</em> specify the mapping from commands for mathematical
+symbols and <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a> to a set of mathematical fonts<a class="footnote-reference" href="#id17" id="id15"><sup>4</sup></a>.
+They are intended for mathematical content in a special context like a
+bold section heading. Selecting a math version resembles
+the individual selection of text font attributes.</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>Example:</dt>
+<dd><p>Some alternatives to set the letter <tt class="literal">a</tt> in a bold upright sans-serif
+font:</p>
+<table class="borderless booktabs numbered align-left">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="44%" />
+<col width="56%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>Text</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Math</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\textbf{\textsf{a}}</span></tt></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">$\bm{\mathsf{a}}$</span></tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\bfseries \textsf{a}</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathversion{bold} $\mathsf{a}$</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\bfseries \sffamily a</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">$\mathsfbf{a}$</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<p>The predefined math versions are <tt class="literal">normal</tt> and <tt class="literal">bold</tt> with the
+following defaults for non-specified font attributes:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<table class="booktabs numbered align-left">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="33%" />
+<col width="37%" />
+<col width="30%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>attribute</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p><tt class="literal">normal</tt></p></th>
+<th class="head"><p><tt class="literal">bold</tt></p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p><em>type</em></p></td>
+<td><p>serif</p></td>
+<td><p>serif</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><em>weight</em></p></td>
+<td><p>medium</p></td>
+<td><p>bold</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><em>shape</em></p></td>
+<td><p>upright</p></td>
+<td><p>upright</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Packages can define additional math versions, e. g., the <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a> package
+defines a <tt class="literal">sans</tt> math version (another <tt class="literal">sans</tt> math version example is
+available from a <a class="reference external" href="http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Comp/comp.text.tex/2007-09/msg00181.html">comp.text.tex post`</a>) and the <a class="reference external" href="http://phong.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/~kuska/wri_texmf_4.2.zip">wrisym</a> package defines a
+<tt class="literal">mono</tt> math version.</p>
+<p>Math versions can only be changed outside of math mode. The commands
+<tt class="literal">\boldsymbol</tt> (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/amsmath.html">amsmath</a>) and <tt class="literal">\bm</tt> (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/bm.html">bm</a>) behave like <span class="target" id="in-line-math-versions">“in-line
+math versions”</span>: they typeset their argument using the fonts of the
+<tt class="literal">bold</tt> math version but can be used inside math mode.</p>
+<dl class="footnote"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id15">4</a></dt>
+<dd id="id17">
+<p class="first last">The number of mathematical symbols exceeds the maximal number of
+characters in a TeX font file by an order of magnitude: Unicode
+defines about 2500 mathematical characters <a class="citation-reference" href="#tr25" id="id18">[tr25]</a>, font files used by
+8-bit TeX engines are limited to 256 characters. The standard math
+fonts adhere to the original limit of 128 characters. Grouping math
+fonts with common characteristics in math versions simplifies the
+setting of font attributes for mathematical expressions. TeX limits
+the number of (symbol + alphanumeric) fonts per math version to 16.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="math-styles">
+<span id="math-style"></span><h3><span class="sectnum">4.1.3</span> Math styles</h3>
+<p>A <em>math style</em> is a document-level feature that determines the default
+letter shape in math mode (i. e. the shape attribute of letters in the
+<tt class="literal">\mathnormal</tt> <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabet">math alphabet</a>).<a class="footnote-reference" href="#id20" id="id19"><sup>5</sup></a>
+LaTeX defaults to the “TeX” math style (without naming it such).
+Alternative math styles are introduced by extension packages
+(<a class="reference internal" href="#table-2">Table&nbsp;2</a>).</p>
+<dl class="footnote"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id19">5</a></dt>
+<dd id="id20">
+<p class="first last">The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">math-style</span></tt> option of <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a> changes also the shape
+attribute of other math alphabets (see also section
+<a class="reference internal" href="#the-unicode-math-package">the unicode-math package</a>).</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<table class="booktabs numbered align-left" id="table-1">
+<caption>Default letter shapes for common math styles</caption>
+<colgroup>
+<col width="30%" />
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="18%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>math style</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>latin</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Latin</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>greek</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Greek</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p>TeX</p></td>
+<td><p>it</p></td>
+<td><p>it</p></td>
+<td><p>it</p></td>
+<td><p>up</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ISO</p></td>
+<td><p>it</p></td>
+<td><p>it</p></td>
+<td><p>it</p></td>
+<td><p>it</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>French</p></td>
+<td><p>it</p></td>
+<td><p>up</p></td>
+<td><p>up</p></td>
+<td><p>up</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>upright</p></td>
+<td><p>up</p></td>
+<td><p>up</p></td>
+<td><p>up</p></td>
+<td><p>up</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<table class="booktabs numbered align-left" id="table-2">
+<caption>Packages providing alternative math styles</caption>
+<colgroup>
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="20%" />
+<col width="62%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>math style</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Package</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Option(s)</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p>ISO</p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a></p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p>isomath</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a></p></td>
+<td><p>slantedGreeks</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://pctex.com/files/managed/b/bf/lucimatxAbbrev.pdf">lucimatx</a></p></td>
+<td><p>math-style=iso</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a></p></td>
+<td><p>greekuppercase=italicized</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathpazo.html">mathpazo</a></p></td>
+<td><p>slantedGreek</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathptmx.html">mathptmx</a></p></td>
+<td><p>slantedGreek</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a></p></td>
+<td><p>math-style=ISO</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>French</p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fourier.html">fourier</a></p></td>
+<td><p>upright</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a></p></td>
+<td><p>frenchstyle (or upright)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://pctex.com/files/managed/b/bf/lucimatxAbbrev.pdf">lucimatx</a></p></td>
+<td><p>math-style=french</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a></p></td>
+<td><p>uppercase=upright, greeklowercase=upright</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a></p></td>
+<td><p>math-style=french</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>upright</p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/eulervm.html">eulervm</a></p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://pctex.com/files/managed/b/bf/lucimatxAbbrev.pdf">lucimatx</a></p></td>
+<td><p>math-style=upright</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a></p></td>
+<td><p>math-style=upright</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="oml-font-encoding">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id50"><span class="sectnum">4.2</span> OML font encoding</a></h2>
+<p>The equal treatment of Latin and Greek letters in the <a class="reference internal" href="#iso-math-style">“ISO” math
+style</a> is best achieved with a font that contains all required
+letters in one file.</p>
+<p>There is only one established LaTeX font encoding that contains Latin and
+Greek letters, the <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>. The standard Greek font
+encoding <cite>T7</cite> is just a “reserved name” and the de-facto standard
+Greek text font encoding <cite>LGR</cite> has no Latin letters. Unfortunately,
+<a class="reference internal" href="#oml-support">OML support</a> is limited to a few (mostly italic) fonts.</p>
+<div class="section" id="discussion">
+<h3><span class="sectnum">4.2.1</span> Discussion</h3>
+<p>The <cite>LaTeX font encodings</cite> guide <a class="citation-reference" href="#encguide" id="id21">[encguide]</a> names the OML encoding
+<cite>TeX math italic</cite> and defines:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>The OML encoding contains italic Latin and Greek letters for use in
+mathematical formulae (typically used for variables) together with some
+symbols.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The reference to <em>italic</em> shape is odd:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>No other font encoding is specific to a font shape.</p></li>
+<li><p>The different font selection and the semantic of font features in
+mathematical formulae do not interfere with the font <em>encoding</em>: Both,
+<tt class="literal">\DeclareSymbolFont</tt> and <tt class="literal">\DeclareMathAlphabet</tt> require a
+shape argument. Thus it is possible to set up OML encoded math
+alphabets in roman {n} as well as italic {it} shape without
+conflicts.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>This seems to be more a remnant of pre-NFSS times than a necessary
+restriction – there is only one OML encoded font in Knuth's Computer
+Modern fonts: <cite>Computer Modern Math Italic</cite> (cmmi).</p>
+<p>Proposals:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Drop the <em>italic</em> from the definition. Optionally add an explanation:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>The OML encoding contains Latin and Greek letters for use in
+mathematical formulae (typically used for variables) together with
+some symbols. It first appeared in the <cite>Computer Modern Math
+Italic</cite> (cmmi) font.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</li>
+<li><p>The name <cite>TeX math italic</cite> can be interpreted as “the encoding
+<strong>of</strong> <cite>Computer Modern Math Italic</cite>” rather than “an encoding
+<strong>for</strong> math italic” fonts.</p>
+<p>A less confusing name would be <cite>TeX math letters</cite> or <cite>Original/Old
+Math Letters</cite>. The latter would also explain the acronym OML.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="oml-support">
+<h3><span class="sectnum">4.2.2</span> OML Support</h3>
+<p>Unfortunately, support for the OML encoding is missing for many font
+families even if the text font defines Greek letters.
+Supported font families can be found searching for <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">oml*.fd</span></tt> files
+and grepping for <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">DeclareFont.*OML</span></tt> in <tt class="literal">*.sty</tt> files.</p>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="#table-3">Table 3</a> lists the findings for a selection of TeXLive&nbsp;2012 + some
+additionally installed font packages.</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>If there is an alias (substitution) from the text font to a
+math-variant, only the text font is listed.</p></li>
+<li><p>Many text fonts define substitutions also for upright shape,
+however mapping to an italic variant of the OML encoded font. These
+are not listed as supporting <tt class="literal">m/n</tt> or <tt class="literal">bx/n</tt> here.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="#table-4">Table&nbsp;4</a> lists some fonts that define <tt class="literal">cmm</tt> as OML substitution.
+With <cite>isomath</cite>, a better matching substitution can be set using the
+<a class="reference internal" href="#rmdefault">rmdefault</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#sfdefault">sfdefault</a> options.</p>
+<table class="booktabs numbered align-left" id="table-3">
+<caption>Font families supporting the OML encoding</caption>
+<colgroup>
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="45%" />
+<col width="9%" />
+<col width="11%" />
+<col width="8%" />
+<col width="9%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>Name</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Family (package)</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>m/it</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>bx/it</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>m/n</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>bx/n</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p>antt</p></td>
+<td><p>Antykwa Torunska (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/anttor.html">anttor</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>cmr</p></td>
+<td><p>Computer Modern</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ccr</p></td>
+<td><p>Concrete Roman (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/concmath.html">concmath</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>cmbr</p></td>
+<td><p>CM Bright (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>hlh</p></td>
+<td><p>Lucida</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>hfor</p></td>
+<td><p>CM with old-style digits</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>iwona</p></td>
+<td><p>Iwona (sans serif) (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/iwona.html">iwona</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>iwonal</p></td>
+<td><p>Iwona light</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>iwonac</p></td>
+<td><p>Iwona condensed</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>iwonalc</p></td>
+<td><p>Iwona light condensed</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkp</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Serif (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkpw</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Serif wide</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkpvos</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Serif oldstyle</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkpvosw</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Serif oldstyle wide</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkpl</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Serif light</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkplw</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Serif light wide</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkplvos</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Serif light oldstyle</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkplvosw</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Serif light os wide</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkpss</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Sans (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jkpssvos</p></td>
+<td><p>Kepler Sans oldstyle</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>jtm</p></td>
+<td><p>expanded Times (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/jamtimes.html">jamtimes</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>llcmm</p></td>
+<td><p>LX Fonts (sans serif) (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/lxfonts.html">lxfonts</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>lmr</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin Modern Roman (lmodern)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>mak</p></td>
+<td><p>Kerkis (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kerkis.html">kerkis</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>kurier</p></td>
+<td><p>Kurier (sans serif) (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kurier.html">kurier</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>kurierc</p></td>
+<td><p>Kurier condensed</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>kurierl</p></td>
+<td><p>Kurier light</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>kurierlc</p></td>
+<td><p>Kurier light condensed</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>mdbch</p></td>
+<td><p>Math Design Charter (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>mdput</p></td>
+<td><p>Math Design Utopia</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>mdugm</p></td>
+<td><p>Math Design Garamond</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>neohellenic</p></td>
+<td><p>Neohellenic (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/gfsneohellenic.html">gfsneohellenic</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ntxmi</p></td>
+<td><p>Times (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/newtx.html">newtx</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>nxlmi</p></td>
+<td><p>Libertine (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/newtx.html">newtx</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>plcm</p></td>
+<td><p>CM (PLaTeX)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ptmom</p></td>
+<td><p>Times (Omega or MB-Times)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ptmomu</p></td>
+<td><p>Times (Omega or MB-Times)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ptmcm</p></td>
+<td><p>Times (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathptmx.html">mathptmx</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>pxr</p></td>
+<td><p>Palatino (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/pxfonts.html">pxfonts</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>qpl</p></td>
+<td><p>Palatino/Pagella (qpxmath)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>qtm</p></td>
+<td><p>Times/Termes (qtxmath)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>txr</p></td>
+<td><p>Times (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/txfonts.html">txfonts</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>udidot</p></td>
+<td><p>Didot (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/gfsdidot.html">gfsdidot</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ywclm</p></td>
+<td><p>(<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/greektex.html">greektex</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>zavm</p></td>
+<td><p>Arev (Vera Sans-Serif)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>zplm</p></td>
+<td><p>Palatino (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathpazo.html">mathpazo</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>zpple</p></td>
+<td><p>Palatino</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ztmcm</p></td>
+<td><p>Times (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathptmx.html">mathptmx</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>zer</p></td>
+<td><p>Computer Modern (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/zefonts.html">zefonts</a>)</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td><p>✓</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<table class="booktabs numbered align-left" id="table-4">
+<caption>Non-CM fonts with <tt class="literal">cmm</tt> as OML substitution</caption>
+<colgroup>
+<col width="30%" />
+<col width="70%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>Family</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Name</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p>bch</p></td>
+<td><p>Charter (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>pag</p></td>
+<td><p>Avant Garde (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>pbk</p></td>
+<td><p>Bookman (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>pcr</p></td>
+<td><p>Courier (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>phv</p></td>
+<td><p>Helvetica (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>pnc</p></td>
+<td><p>New Century Schoolbook (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ppl</p></td>
+<td><p>Palatino (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ptm</p></td>
+<td><p>Times Roman (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>put</p></td>
+<td><p>Utopia (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>pzc</p></td>
+<td><p>Zapf Chancery (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>uag</p></td>
+<td><p>Avant Garde (avantgar)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ubk</p></td>
+<td><p>Bookman (bookman)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ucr</p></td>
+<td><p>Courier (courier)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>ucrs</p></td>
+<td><p>Courier</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>unc</p></td>
+<td><p>New Century Schoolbook (psnfss)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>uni</p></td>
+<td><p>Universal (universa)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>uhv</p></td>
+<td><p>Helvetica (helvetic)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>upl</p></td>
+<td><p>Palatino (palatino)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>utm</p></td>
+<td><p>Times (times)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>uzc</p></td>
+<td><p>Zapf Chancery (zapfchan)</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="unicode-mathematical-typesetting">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id51"><span class="sectnum">4.3</span> Unicode mathematical typesetting</a></h2>
+<p>This section compares <a class="reference internal" href="#math-font-selection">math font selection</a> in LaTeX and Unicode. It
+suggests a set of 14 math alphabet commands that covers all Unicode
+<a class="reference internal" href="#mathematical-alphanumeric-symbols">mathematical alphanumeric symbols</a> and discusses compatibility issues
+between math typesetting with traditional (8-bit) TeX engines versus <a class="reference internal" href="#the-unicode-math-package">the
+unicode-math package</a> for Unicode-enabled TeX engines (XeTeX, LuaTeX).</p>
+<p>The technical report <a class="citation-reference" href="#tr25" id="id22">[tr25]</a> presents an in-depth discussion of the
+mathematical character repertoire of the Unicode Standard as well as
+mathematical notation in general.</p>
+<div class="section" id="unicode-mathematical-alphabets">
+<span id="mathematical-alphanumeric-symbols"></span><h3><span class="sectnum">4.3.1</span> Unicode mathematical alphabets</h3>
+<p>Chapter 2 <cite>Mathematical Character Repertoire</cite> of <a class="citation-reference" href="#tr25" id="id23">[tr25]</a> lists 14
+<cite>Mathematical Alphabets</cite> in Table 2.1. These mathematical alphabets are a
+superset of the predefined <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a> in the LaTeX core.</p>
+<p>Unicode assigns code points to most letters of the mathematical
+alphabets in the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf">mathematical alphanumeric symbols Unicode block</a>.
+The plain (upright) letters have been unified with the
+existing characters in the Basic Latin and Greek blocks.</p>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="#table-5">Table&nbsp;5</a> maps the 14 Unicode mathematical alphabets to LaTeX commands
+according to the <a class="reference internal" href="#naming-scheme">naming scheme</a> below. <a class="reference internal" href="#table-6">Table&nbsp;6</a> lists the status of
+LaTeX support for the mathematical alphanumeric symbols.</p>
+<div class="section" id="naming-scheme">
+<h4><span class="sectnum">4.3.1.1</span> Naming scheme</h4>
+<p>The naming scheme is an extension of the predefined <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabet">math alphabet</a>
+commands with the established short-cuts:</p>
+<table class="borderless booktabs numbered align-left">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="14%" />
+<col width="86%" />
+</colgroup>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p>bf</p></td>
+<td><p>bold</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>it</p></td>
+<td><p>italic</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>cal</p></td>
+<td><p>script (calligraphic)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>frak</p></td>
+<td><p>fraktur</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>bb</p></td>
+<td><p>double-struck (blackboard bold)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>sf</p></td>
+<td><p>sans serif</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>combined to commands in the form <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\math&lt;type&gt;&lt;weight&gt;&lt;shape&gt;</span></tt>.</p>
+<p>The &lt;<em>type</em>&gt;, &lt;<em>weight</em>&gt;, and &lt;<em>shape</em>&gt; specifiers are optional
+(defaults depend on the <a class="reference internal" href="#math-version">math version</a>). Their order matches the
+names of Unicode <a class="reference internal" href="#mathematical-alphanumeric-symbols">Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols</a>.</p>
+<p>Examples:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">\mathbf{d} % MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL D
+\mathsfbfit{d} % MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL D.
+</pre>
+<table class="booktabs numbered align-left" id="table-5">
+<caption>Mapping Unicode <a class="reference internal" href="#mathematical-alphanumeric-symbols">mathematical alphanumeric symbols</a> to LaTeX
+math alphabets.</caption>
+<colgroup>
+<col width="16%" />
+<col width="13%" />
+<col width="20%" />
+<col width="28%" />
+<col width="23%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>serifs</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>weight</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>shape</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>symbols</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>math alphabet</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p><em>serif</em></p></td>
+<td><p><em>medium</em></p></td>
+<td><p><em>upright</em></p></td>
+<td><p>Latin/Greek/digits<a class="footnote-reference" href="#up" id="id24"><sup>6</sup></a></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathrm</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p>bold</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p>Latin/Greek/digits</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p>italic</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin/Greek</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathit</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p>bold</p></td>
+<td><p>italic</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin/Greek</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfit</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p>script</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathcal</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p>bold</p></td>
+<td><p>script</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfcal</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p>fraktur</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathfrak</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p>double-struck</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin/digits</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbb</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p>bold</p></td>
+<td><p>fraktur</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbffrak</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>sans serif</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p>Latin/digits</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>sans serif</p></td>
+<td><p>bold</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p>Latin/Greek/digits</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfbf</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>sans serif</p></td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p>italic</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfit</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>sans serif</p></td>
+<td><p>bold</p></td>
+<td><p>italic</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin/Greek</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfbfit</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p>monospace</p></td>
+<td><p>Latin/digits</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathtt</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<dl class="footnote"><dt class="label">6</dt>
+<dd id="up">
+<em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id24">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id25">2</a>)</em> <p class="last">plain standard characters outside the
+<cite>mathematical alphanumeric symbols</cite> Unicode block.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="latex-support">
+<h4><span class="sectnum">4.3.1.2</span> LaTeX support</h4>
+<p>Most commonly used math alphabets are supported either by the TeX kernel
+or additional packages. Full support is only provided by <a class="reference internal" href="#the-unicode-math-package">the unicode-math
+package</a>.</p>
+<table class="booktabs numbered align-left" id="table-6">
+<caption>LaTeX support for <a class="reference internal" href="#mathematical-alphanumeric-symbols">mathematical alphanumeric symbols</a>.</caption>
+<colgroup>
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="38%" />
+<col width="43%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>style</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>math alphabet</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>package, comment</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p>plain<a class="footnote-reference" href="#up" id="id25"><sup>6</sup></a></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathrm</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>predefined<a class="footnote-reference" href="#no-g" id="id26"><sup>7</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathup</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>bf</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>predefined<a class="footnote-reference" href="#no-g" id="id27"><sup>7</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>it</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>predefined<a class="footnote-reference" href="#no-g" id="id28"><sup>7</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>bf it</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>isomath<a class="footnote-reference" href="#digits" id="id29"><sup>8</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbold</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathpazo.html">mathpazo</a>,
+<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathptmx.html">mathptmx</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/tmmath.html">tmmath</a><a class="footnote-reference" href="#digits" id="id30"><sup>8</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\boldsymbol</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/amsmath.html">amsmath</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\bm</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/bm.html">bm</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>cal</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathcal</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>predefined<a class="footnote-reference" href="#script" id="id31"><sup>9</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathscr</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathrsfs.html">mathrsfs</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/euscript.html">euscript</a>,
+<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>bf cal</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfscr</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>frak</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathfrak</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/amssymb.html">amssymb</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/amsfonts.html">amsfonts</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/eufrak.html">eufrak</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>bf frak</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbffrak</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>bb</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbb</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/amssymb.html">amssymb</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/bbold.html">bbold</a>,
+<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathbbol.html">mathbbol</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mbboard.html">mbboard</a>,
+<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathpazo.html">mathpazo</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/sbbm.html">sbbm</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbbm</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/bbm.html">bbm</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathds</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>dsfont (<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/doublestoke.html">doublestoke</a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>sf</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>predefined<a class="footnote-reference" href="#no-g" id="id32"><sup>7</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>sf bf</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfsfup</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>sf it</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>isomath<a class="footnote-reference" href="#digits" id="id33"><sup>8</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>sf bf it</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfbfit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>isomath<a class="footnote-reference" href="#digits" id="id34"><sup>8</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbold</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/hvmath.html">hvmath</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><!-- -->
+</td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfsfit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p>tt</p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathtt</tt></p></td>
+<td><p>predefined<a class="footnote-reference" href="#no-g" id="id35"><sup>7</sup></a></p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<dl class="footnote"><dt class="label">7</dt>
+<dd id="no-g">
+<em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id26">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id27">2</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id28">3</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id32">4</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id35">5</a>)</em> <p class="last">no small Greek, full Greek with <a class="reference internal" href="#omlmath">OMLmath*</a> options and
+OML-encoded fonts</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="label">8</dt>
+<dd id="digits">
+<em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id29">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id30">2</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id33">3</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id34">4</a>)</em> <p class="last">Some italic math fonts (e. g., cmr, cmbr) have old-style
+numbers in place of italic digits.</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id31">9</a></dt>
+<dd id="script">
+<p class="first last">formal script with <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/calrsfs.html">calrsfs</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/eucal.html">eucal</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fourier.html">fourier</a>,
+small Latin letters only with <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/urwchancal.html">urwchancal</a></p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="the-unicode-math-package">
+<h3><span class="sectnum">4.3.2</span> The unicode-math package</h3>
+<p>Users of UTF-8 enabled TeX engines (XeTeX, LuaTeX) can typeset
+mathematics with the experimental <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a> package by Will
+Robertson. It provides a LaTeX interface to OpenType fonts with math
+support, e. g., <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/asana-math.html">Asana Math</a>, Cambria Math, <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/khaledhosny/euler-otf">New Euler</a> or <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/xits.html">XITS</a>, with
+commands to access the complete mathematical character repertoire of the
+Unicode Standard.</p>
+<p>LaTeX <a class="reference internal" href="#math-font-selection">math font selection</a> methods with unicode-math:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">Math alphabets</a> map to a range of the <a class="reference internal" href="#mathematical-alphanumeric-symbols">mathematical alphanumeric
+symbols</a> block in the current font (or a substitution defined with the
+<tt class="literal">range</tt> math font option).</p>
+<p>Some command names differ from the <a class="reference internal" href="#predefined-math-alphabets">predefined math alphabets</a> or the
+above <a class="reference internal" href="#naming-scheme">naming scheme</a>:</p>
+<table class="borderless booktabs numbered align-left">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="50%" />
+<col width="50%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head"><p>LaTeX</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>unicode-math</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfup</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfup</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfbf</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfsfup</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><p><tt class="literal">\mathsfbfit</tt></p></td>
+<td><p><tt class="literal">\mathbfsfit</tt></p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>With unicode-math, <tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt>, <tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt>, and <tt class="literal">\mathsfbf</tt>
+behave similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#in-line-math-versions">“in-line math versions”</a>: they consider the
+<a class="reference internal" href="#math-style">math style</a> for upright vs. italic shape. Compatibility can be
+achieved via the options <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">bold-style=upright</span></tt> and
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">sans-style=upright</span></tt>.</p>
+<p><tt class="literal">\mathbfsfit</tt> reverses the order of the <tt class="literal">sf</tt> and <tt class="literal">bf</tt> selectors,
+so that, e. g., the Unicode character MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD
+ITALIC CAPITAL A is selected by the non-mnemonic <tt class="literal">\mathbfsfit{A}</tt>.</p>
+</li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#math-versions">Math versions</a> can be set up using the syntax
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\setmathfont[version=&lt;version</span> <span class="pre">name&gt;,&lt;font</span> <span class="pre">features&gt;]{&lt;font</span> name&gt;}</tt></p></li>
+<li><p>Several <a class="reference internal" href="#math-styles">math styles</a> are supported with the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">math-style</span></tt> package
+option that accepts the values <tt class="literal">TeX</tt>, <tt class="literal">ISO</tt>, <tt class="literal">french</tt>, <tt class="literal">upright</tt>,
+and <tt class="literal">literal</tt>.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="conclusions-and-outlook">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id52"><span class="sectnum">4.4</span> Conclusions and outlook</a></h2>
+<p>It is hoped, that in the future more font families will support the
+OML encoding in normal and bold weight as well as upright and italic
+shape. This would be a major step towards a LaTeX equivalent of the
+<a class="reference internal" href="#mathematical-alphanumeric-symbols">mathematical alphanumeric symbols</a> Unicode block.</p>
+<p>This should be (relatively) easy to achieve via virtual fonts when the
+glyphs for the Greek letters already exist. Examples are Latin Modern,
+Kerkis, GFS Neohellenic, LX Fonts and KP-Serif.</p>
+<p>Upright small Greek letters in <tt class="literal">\mathrm</tt> would enable the
+specification of the constant pi, Myons, Pions, alpha-particles,
+photons, and neutrinos with <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a>. (With <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a>
+fonts, this is already possible today.)</p>
+<p>With the development of the <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a> package, an interesting
+alternative for ISO-conforming math typesetting became available to
+users of Unicode-enabled TeX engines (XeTeX or LuaTeX).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="references">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id53"><span class="sectnum">5</span> References</a></h1>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id7">[ISO-80000-2]</a></dt>
+<dd id="iso-80000-2">
+<p class="first last"><cite>Quantities and units – Part 2: Mathematical signs
+and symbols to be used in the natural sciences and technology</cite>:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=31887">http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=31887</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label">[ISO-31]</dt>
+<dd id="iso-31">
+<p class="first last"><cite>Quantities and units</cite>, Superseded by [ISO-80000].</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[typefaces]</a></dt>
+<dd id="typefaces">
+<p class="first last">National Institute of Standards and Technology (<a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/">NIST</a>),
+<cite>Typefaces for Symbols in Scientific Manuscripts</cite>:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/typefaces.pdf">http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/typefaces.pdf</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">[checklist]</a></dt>
+<dd id="checklist">
+<p class="first last">National Institute of Standards and Technology (<a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/">NIST</a>),
+<cite>SI Unit rules and style conventions</cite>
+Check List for Reviewing Manuscripts:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html">http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id4">[fonts_for_symbols]</a></dt>
+<dd id="fonts-for-symbols">
+<p class="first last">International Union of Pure and Applied
+Chemistry (<a class="reference external" href="http://iupac.org/">IUPAC</a>), <cite>On the use of italic and roman fonts for symbols
+in scientific text</cite>, (Revised December 1999):
+<a class="reference external" href="http://old.iupac.org/standing/idcns/fonts_for_symbols.html">http://old.iupac.org/standing/idcns/fonts_for_symbols.html</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id3">[SI]</a></dt>
+<dd id="si">
+<p class="first last">Bureau international des poids et mesures (<a class="reference external" href="http://www.bipm.org/">BIPM</a>),
+<cite>The International System of Units (SI)</cite>:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/">http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">[Green-Book]</a></dt>
+<dd id="green-book">
+<p class="first last">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (<a class="reference external" href="http://iupac.org/">IUPAC</a>),
+<cite>Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry</cite>,
+3rd edition, RSC Publishing, Cambridge 2007:
+[ISBN 0 85404 433 7; ISBN-13 978 0 85404 433 7].</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id5">[Red-Book]</a></dt>
+<dd id="red-book">
+<p class="first last">International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (<a class="reference external" href="http://www.iupap.org/">IUPAP</a>),
+<cite>Symbols, Units, Nomenclature and Fundamental Constants in Physics</cite>:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://metrology.wordpress.com/measurement-process-index/iupap-red-book/index-iupap-red-book/">http://metrology.wordpress.com/measurement-process-index/iupap-red-book/index-iupap-red-book/</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id10">[becc97]</a></dt>
+<dd id="becc97">
+<p class="first last">Claudio Beccari, <cite>Typesetting mathematics for science and
+technology according to ISO 31 XI</cite>, TUGboat, Volume 18, 1997, No. 1:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb18-1/tb54becc.pdf">http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb18-1/tb54becc.pdf</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id21">[encguide]</a></dt>
+<dd id="encguide">
+<p class="first last">Frank Mittelbach, Robin Fairbairns, Werner Lemberg,
+LaTeX3 Project Team, <cite>LaTeX font encodings</cite>:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf">http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label">[fntguide]</dt>
+<dd id="fntguide">
+<em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id11">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id12">2</a>)</em> <p class="last">LaTeX3 Project Team, <cite>LaTeX 2e font selection</cite>:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf">http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label">[tr25]</dt>
+<dd id="tr25">
+<em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id18">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id22">2</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id23">3</a>)</em> <p class="last">Barbara Beeton, Asmus Freytag, Murray Sargent III,
+<cite>Unicode Support for Mathematics</cite>, Unicode Technical Report #25:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr25/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr25/</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="citation"><dt class="label">[beeton:2000]</dt>
+<dd id="beeton-2000">
+<p class="first last">Barbara Beeton:
+<cite>Unicode and math, a combination whose time has come – Finally!</cite>,
+TUGBoat, 21#3, 2000:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb21-3/tb68beet.pdf">http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb21-3/tb68beet.pdf</a>.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<!-- see also
+[koma-mail] Custom font substitution: http://www.komascript.de/node/823. -->
+<!-- Links
+===== -->
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>