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+%$$$ newapave.bst $$$
+% BibTeX `newapave' style file for BibTeX version 0.99c, LaTeX version 2e
+% Place it in a file called newapave.bst in the BibTeX search path.
+%(Placing it in the same directory as the LaTeX document should also work.)
+% Support for named citations is provided by named.sty
+%
+% This version was modified by V. Verfaille, from the already modified master file made by
+% Oren Patashnik, and the 'named' BibTeX style of Peter F. Patel-Schneider.
+%
+% Copyright (c) 2006, all rights reserved.
+% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
+% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
+% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than 'newapave.bst'.
+% There are undoubtably bugs in this style. If you make bug fixes,
+% improvements, etc. please let me know. My e-mail address is:
+% confproc.verfaille@gmail.com
+%
+% This style was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',
+% with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips
+% from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.
+% Then, it was modified a bit for the DAFx-06 proceedings, for use
+% with the general bibliography.
+%
+% Citation format: (author-last-name, year)
+% (author-last-name and author-last-name, year)
+% (author-last-name {\em et al.}, year)
+% (author-last-name)
+% (author-last-name and author-last-name)
+% (author-last-name {\em et al.})
+% (year)
+%
+% Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
+% for author in the absence of one.
+%
+% This BibTeX style has support for abbreviated author lists and for
+% year-only citations. This is done by having the citations
+% actually look like
+%
+% \citeauthoryear{full-author-info}{abbrev-author-info}{year}
+%
+% The LaTeX style has to have the following (or similar)
+%
+% \let\@internalcite\cite
+% \def\fullcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
+% \def\fullciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
+% \def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
+% \def\shortciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
+% \def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@internalcite}
+%
+
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ journal
+ key
+% month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ volume
+ year
+ }
+ {}
+ { label extra.label sort.label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t u }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {special.output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { " " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { ": " write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { ": " * write$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull.colon}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ": " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull.space}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "\ " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {special.output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'special.output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check.colon}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull.colon
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check.space}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull.space
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.year.check}
+{ year empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$
+ }
+ { write$
+ ", " year * "." * "~\hfill " * % shorter and simpler without label (2002a, 2002b useless)
+% ", " year * extra.label * "." * " \Pointinghand{} " * % shorter
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+% mid.sentence 'output.state := * "}"
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+
+ "\bibitem[" write$
+ label write$
+ "]{" write$
+
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{% add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {underline}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "\underline{" swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize.space}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
+ s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+
+ { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't :=
+
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " et~al." * }
+% { ", \& " * t * }
+% { " \& " * t * }
+ { " and " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.names.fml}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
+ s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+
+ { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
+
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " et~al." * }
+% { " and " * t * }
+ { " \& " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+ { key field.or.null }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors.fml}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names.fml
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (Eds.)" * }
+ { " (Ed.)" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (Eds.)" * }
+ { " (Ed.)" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors.dot}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (Eds.)." * }
+ { " (Ed.)." * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+ { title "t" change.case$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% Note that the APA style requires case changes
+% in article titles. The following does not
+% change cases. If you perfer it, uncomment the
+% following and comment out the above.
+
+%FUNCTION {format.title}
+%{ title empty$
+% { "" }
+% { title }
+% if$
+%}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ edition empty$
+ { title emphasize }
+ { title empty$
+ { title emphasize }
+ { "{\em " title * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * "." * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.emphasize.booktitle}
+{ edition empty$
+ { booktitle emphasize }
+ { booktitle empty$
+ { booktitle emphasize }
+ { "{\em " booktitle * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * "." * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { " of " * series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ "volume and number" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "number" }
+ { "Number" }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { " in " * series * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
+ { edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { "pp.\" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect } % removed parenthesis
+ { "pp.\" pages tie.or.space.connect } % removed parenthesis
+ if$
+ "" *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% By Young (and Spencer)
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ number empty$
+ { volume empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "" volume * "" *} % removed \em
+ if$
+ }
+ { volume % removed \em
+ number empty$
+ {"there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { "(" number * ")" * * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ { ", pp. " * pages n.dashify * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ 'format.pages
+ { type empty$
+ { "chapter" }
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * format.pages * }
+% { ", pp. " * format.pages * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages.incoll}
+{ chapter empty$
+ 'format.pages
+ { type empty$
+ { "chapter" }
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { " pp. " * format.pages * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
+ { "In " format.editors * ", " * format.emphasize.booktitle * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle.incoll}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
+ { "In " format.editors.fml * ", " * format.emphasize.booktitle * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { "Technical Report" }
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ "In"
+ "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ editor num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$ " et~al." * }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { " et~al." * }
+ { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ "In "
+ }
+ { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
+ " of " *
+ }
+ if$
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { series empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ "" *
+ }
+ { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.crossref.editor * }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ "In"
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check% moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors.dot
+ "author and editor" output.check }
+ { format.authors
+ output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ address output
+ publisher "publisher" output.check.colon
+ }
+ { new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+% format.edition output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors.dot
+ "author and editor" output.check
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ format.chapter.pages
+ "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ address output
+ publisher
+ "publisher" output.check.colon
+ }
+ { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+% format.edition output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle.incoll
+ "booktitle" output.check.colon
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.chapter.pages special.output
+ new.sentence
+ address output
+ publisher "publisher" output.check.colon
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref
+ output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle
+ "booktitle" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ address output
+% new.sentence %removed, to avoid having a ".", but having a "," instead
+ organization output
+ publisher output
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ organization address new.block.checkb
+% Reversed the order of "address" and "organization", added the ":".
+ address output
+ organization "organization" output.check.colon
+% address output
+% ":" output
+% organization output
+% format.edition output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ title howpublished new.block.checkb
+ format.title output
+ new.block
+ howpublished output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ editor empty$
+ { organization output }
+ { format.editors.dot output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ address output
+ new.sentence
+ organization output
+ publisher output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution
+ "institution" output.check
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors
+ "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ new.block
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ note "note" output.check
+ output.year.check % moved
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"January"}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"February"}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"March"}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"April"}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"June"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"July"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"August"}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"September"}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"October"}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"November"}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"December"}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
+
+MACRO {ai} {"Artificial Intelligence"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { fullptr numfull fullsleft }
+
+STRINGS { u1 u2 }
+
+FUNCTION {my.full.label}
+{
+% Initialize 'u1','u2','s'.
+ "" 'u1 :=
+ "" 'u2 :=
+ 's :=
+
+% Initialize 'fullptr','numfull','fullsleft'.
+ #1 'fullptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numfull :=
+ numfull 'fullsleft :=
+
+% enter the while loop which generates the first-citation information.
+% while we have names left,
+% format the next name
+% if this is the next-to-last name, tack the ampersand on the end
+% else if this isn't the last name, tack the comma on the end.
+% concatenate the next name onto the first-citation string.
+% update the counters.
+
+ { fullsleft #0 > }
+ { s fullptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 'u1 :=
+ fullsleft #2 =
+ { u1 " \& " * 'u1 := }
+ { fullsleft #2 >
+ { u1 ", " * 'u1 := }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ u2 u1 * 'u2 :=
+ fullptr #1 + 'fullptr :=
+ fullsleft #1 - 'fullsleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+
+% push 'u2' onto the stack -- our first-citation information.
+ u2
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ s num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$ " et~al." * }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { "et~al. " * }
+% { " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+ { " \& " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.key.label
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.key.label
+ 'author.key.label
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ duplicate$
+
+ author my.full.label % generate the first-citation information.
+
+ "\protect\citeauthoryear{" swap$ * "}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
+ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
+ 'label :=
+ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
+ sortify 'sort.label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ ""
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { nameptr #1 >
+ { " " * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
+ nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
+ { "et al" * }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+ "A " #2
+ "An " #3
+ "The " #4 t chop.word
+ chop.word
+ chop.word
+ sortify
+ #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+ label sortify
+ " "
+ *
+ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.sort
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.sort
+ 'author.sort
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$ % added for newapa
+ 'sort.label := % added for newapa
+ sort.label % added for newapa
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+SORT % by label, sort.label, title --- for final label calculation
+
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+ "" 'next.extra :=
+ #0 'last.extra.num :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+ { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+ last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+ }
+ { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+ "" 'extra.label :=
+ label 'last.label :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+ { "a" 'extra.label := }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ label extra.label * "}" * 'label :=
+ extra.label 'next.extra :=
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+ " "
+ *
+ year field.or.null sortify
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+
+SORT % by sort.label, year, title --- giving final bib. order.
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+
+{ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}