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+%% File: ascelike.bst
+%%
+%% Version 2.2, February 14, 2013
+%%
+%%
+%% An unofficial bibliography style-file for ASCE-like bibliographies.
+%% Adapted from chicago.bst (24-jan-88 version) of Glenn Paulley
+%% This bst style should be used with document class ascelike.cls
+%% for citations that come out like (Jones, 1986) or variations of such.
+%%
+%% For use with the BibTeX bibliographic formatting tool, Copyright (C) 1988,
+%% all rights reserved. Bibtex is a program for formatting bibliographic
+%% entries. It uses an author's *.bib file which contains a data base of
+%% information on each entry. The entries are formatted in a style
+%% specified in a *.bst file, such as this file, so that the editorial
+%% style of the particular book or journal publisher is met. For example,
+%% this ascelike.bst file prepares bibliographies in an ASCE-like style,
+%% with quotation marks around titles, etc.
+%%
+%% To use this ascelike.bst file, you must prepare a *.bib file of your
+%% bibliographic data base. See The Latex book "LaTeX: A Document
+%% Preparation System" by Leslie Lamport, or in Oren Patashnik's "BibTEXing"
+%% document (contained in the btxdoc.* files on CTAN and in online web
+%% versions, search for "btxdox" or "bibtexing").
+%%
+%% =============================================
+%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+%% See the copyright and distribution conditions below.
+%%
+%% Copyright 2011:
+%% Matthew R Kuhn
+%% Donald P. Shiley School of Engineering
+%% University of Portland
+%% 5000 N Willamette Blvd
+%% Portland OR 97203
+%% USA
+%% E-mail: kuhn@up.edu
+%%
+%% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+%% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed, available from the CTAN
+%% archives; either version 1.1 of the License, or any later version.
+%% Most importantly, you may modify this file, but only if you rename it.
+%%
+%% This is a contributed file to the LaTeX2e system.
+%%
+%% This program consists of the files ascelike.cls and ascelike.bst
+%%
+%% -----------------------------------
+%%
+%% This document class produces bibliographic entries that roughly comply
+%% with the guidelines of the American Society of Civil Engineers.
+%% However, it was not produced by ASCE, its agents, or employees; nor
+%% is it in any way sanctioned or approved by that organization.
+%%
+%% Please contact Matthew Kuhn by email for suggestions, etc.
+%%
+%% -----------------------------------
+%
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ url
+ volume
+ year
+ }
+ {}
+ { label.year label extra.label sort.label sort.year }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block
+ after.quote after.quote.comma
+ t.state o.state title.already org.already }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+ #4 'after.quote :=
+ #5 'after.quote.comma :=
+ #0 't.state :=
+ #0 'o.state :=
+ #1 'title.already :=
+ #2 'org.already :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { output.state after.quote =
+ { ".''\ " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.quote.comma =
+ { ",''\ " * write$ }
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+% apalike needs this function because
+% the year has special punctuation;
+% apalike ignores the month
+FUNCTION {output.year.check}
+{ year empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { write$
+ " (" year * extra.label * ")" *
+ after.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't := % last name first
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " et~al.\@" * }
+ { " and " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {my.full.label}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
+ s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+
+ { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't := % get the next name
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " et~al.\@" * }
+ { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
+ }
+ while$
+
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.names.editors}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr "{f. }{vv}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := % last name first
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " et~al.\@" * }
+ { " and " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.key} % this function is just for apalike
+{ empty$
+ { key field.or.null }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names.editors
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { ", eds." * }
+ { ", ed." * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len.minus.1 }
+STRINGS { u v }
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "``" title "t" change.case$ *
+ }
+% { title 'u :=
+% u #1 #1 substring$ 'v :=
+% u text.length$ #1 - 'len.minus.1 :=
+% u #2 len.minus.1 substring$ 'u :=
+% u "l" change.case$ 'u :=
+% "``" v * u *
+% }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title emphasize
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { " of " * series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ "Vol. and No." number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
+{ howpublished empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "(" howpublished * ")" *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "number" }
+ { "Number" }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { " in " * series * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
+ { edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { "" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+ { "" pages tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+ number empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "(" number * ")" * *
+ volume empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ { ", " * pages n.dashify * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ 'format.pages
+ { type empty$
+ { "Chapter" }
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * format.pages * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { booktitle emphasize }
+ { booktitle emphasize ", " * format.editors * }
+% { "In " booktitle emphasize * }
+% { "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { "Report No." }
+ { type }
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ emphasize
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ "In" % this is for apalike
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ "In "
+ }
+ { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
+ " of " *
+ }
+ if$
+ "\cite{" * crossref * "}" * % this is for apalike
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ "In" % this is for apalike
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ s num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$ " et~al.\@" * }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { " et~al.\@" * }
+ { " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key % apalike uses the whole key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
+%
+% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null.
+%
+{ editor empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key % apalike uses the whole key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key % apalike uses the whole key, no organization
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
+%
+% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null.
+%
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { "no key, author or organization in " cite$ * warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'organization
+ if$
+ }
+ { key }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+%
+% Changed - GNP. See also author.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort
+% Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used
+% for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst.
+% The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a
+% citation label if author or editor is missing.
+%
+% Changed - MRK. With ASCE's author-year citation style, there is no
+% need for the first argument in the \citeauthoryear command. The first
+% argument in the chicago.bst style contains a full list of all
+% author last names. This argument is not used with ASCE's styel.
+% We replace this argument with a null argument "{}",
+% with the 2nd and 3rd arguments giving the citation author and the year.
+% This change is made so that two separate articles, say by Huang, Bird, and
+% Bell and by Haung, Bird, and Hendrich (both published in, say, 2009)
+% will be given the citations Jones et al. (2009a) and Jones et al. (2009b).
+% Without the change, both would be given the citations Jones et al. (2009).
+% Thanks to Alec Gosse.
+%
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.key.label
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.key.organization.label
+ { type$ "manual" =
+ 'author.key.organization.label
+ 'author.key.label
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+
+%------------- cut MRK -------------------
+% author empty$ % generate the full label citation information.
+% { editor empty$
+% { organization empty$
+% { type$ "manual" =
+% { title empty$
+% { "no author, editor, organization or title in "
+% cite$ * warning$
+% "??"
+% }
+% { title }
+% if$
+% }
+% { "no author, editor, or organization in " cite$ * warning$
+% "??" }
+% if$
+% }
+% { organization }
+% if$
+% }
+% { editor my.full.label }
+% if$
+% }
+% { author my.full.label }
+% if$
+%
+%% leave label on the stack, to be popped when required.
+%
+% "}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
+%------------- paste MRK ---------------
+ "}{" swap$ * "}{" *
+%------------- end MRK -----------------
+% year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
+%
+% save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.)
+%
+ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
+ 'label.year :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+%{ newline$
+% "\bibitem[" write$
+% label write$
+% "]{" write$
+% cite$ write$
+% "}" write$
+% newline$
+% ""
+% before.all 'output.state :=
+%}
+{ newline$
+
+ "\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$
+ calc.label write$
+ sort.year write$
+ "}]{" write$
+
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ after.quote 'output.state :=
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
+ organization output
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note empty$
+ { }
+ { before.all 'output.state :=
+ "\ " note * output
+ }
+ if$
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ output.year.check % special for apalike
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ format.howpublished output
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address output
+ }
+ { new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ url empty$
+ { }
+ { mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ "$<$" url * "$>$" * output
+% format.url output
+ }
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ { }
+ { before.all 'output.state :=
+ "\ (" month * ")" * output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note empty$
+ { }
+ { before.all 'output.state :=
+ "\ " note * output
+ }
+ if$
+% note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ output.year.check % special for apalike
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ format.howpublished output
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address output
+ format.edition output
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ after.quote 'output.state :=
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.howpublished output
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address output
+ format.edition output
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ after.quote 'output.state :=
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.howpublished output
+ organization output % for apalike
+ address output % there's no year
+% new.sentence % here so things
+ publisher output % are simpler
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ url empty$
+ { }
+ { mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ "$<$" url * "$>$" * output
+% format.url output
+ }
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ { }
+ { before.all 'output.state :=
+ "\ (" month * ")" * output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ #0 't.state :=
+ #0 'o.state :=
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors output
+ editor empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { org.already 'o.state :=
+ title empty$
+ { title format.key output }
+ { format.btitle "title" output.check
+ title.already 't.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization "organization" output.check
+ org.already 'o.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { }
+ if$
+ }
+ { }
+ if$
+% { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+% editor format.key output
+% }
+% { format.authors output.nonnull
+% crossref missing$
+% { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+% 'skip$
+% if$
+% }
+% if$
+% author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ t.state title.already =
+ { }
+ { format.btitle "title" output.check }
+ if$
+% format.btitle "title" output.check
+ o.state org.already =
+ { publisher address new.block.checkb
+ publisher output
+ }
+ { organization address new.block.checkb
+ organization output
+ }
+ if$
+% organization address new.block.checkb
+% organization output
+ address output
+ format.edition output
+ url empty$
+ { }
+ { mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ "$<$" url * "$>$" * output
+% format.url output
+ }
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ { }
+ { before.all 'output.state :=
+ "\ (" month * ")" * output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ after.quote 'output.state :=
+ "M.S. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output.nonnull
+ url empty$
+ { }
+ { mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ "$<$" url * "$>$" * output
+% format.url output
+ }
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ { }
+ { before.all 'output.state :=
+ "\ (" month * ")" * output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+%{ output.bibitem
+% format.authors "author" output.check
+% author format.key output % special for
+% output.year.check % apalike
+% new.block
+% format.title "title" output.check
+% new.block
+% "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+% school "school" output.check
+% address output
+% new.block
+% note output
+% fin.entry
+%}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ after.quote 'output.state :=
+ journal emphasize "journal" output.check
+ organization output
+ url empty$
+ { }
+ { mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ "$<$" url * "$>$" * output
+% format.url output
+ }
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ { }
+ { before.all 'output.state :=
+ "\ (" month * ")" * output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "$<$" url * "$>$" *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+%{ output.bibitem
+% format.authors "author" output.check
+% author format.key output % special for
+% output.year.check % apalike
+% new.block
+% format.title "title" output.check
+% after.quote 'output.state :=
+% crossref missing$
+% { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
+% organization output
+% format.vol.num.pages output
+% }
+% { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+% format.pages output
+% }
+% if$
+% new.block
+% note output
+% fin.entry
+%}
+
+
+
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ after.quote 'output.state :=
+ "Ph.D. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output.nonnull
+ url empty$
+ { }
+ { mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ "$<$" url * "$>$" * output
+% format.url output
+ }
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ { }
+ { before.all 'output.state :=
+ "\ (" month * ")" * output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.editors output
+ editor format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ address output % for apalike
+ new.sentence % we always output
+ organization output % a nonempty organization
+ publisher output % here
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ after.quote 'output.state :=
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution "institution" output.check
+ address output
+ url empty$
+ { }
+ { mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ "$<$" url * "$>$" * output
+% format.url output
+ }
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ { }
+ { before.all 'output.state :=
+ "\ (" month * ")" * output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output % special for
+ output.year.check % apalike
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ note "note" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"January"}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"February"}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"March"}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"April"}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"June"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"July"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"August"}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"September"}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"October"}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"November"}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"December"}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+
+% There are three apalike cases: one person (Jones),
+% two (Jones and de~Bruijn), and more (Jones et~al.).
+% This function is much like format.crossref.editors.
+%
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ ""
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { nameptr #1 >
+ { " " * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$ % apalike uses initials
+ s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't := % <= here
+ nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
+ { "et al" * }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+ "A " #2
+ "An " #3
+ "The " #4 t chop.word
+ chop.word
+ chop.word
+ sortify
+ #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
+%
+% added - GNP. Stack author or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
+% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
+%
+{ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
+%
+% added - GNP. Stack editor or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
+% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
+%
+{ editor empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+% apalike uses two sorting passes; the first one sets the
+% labels so that the `a's, `b's, etc. can be computed;
+% the second pass puts the references in "correct" order.
+% The presort function is for the first pass. It computes
+% label, sort.label, and title, and then concatenates.
+%FUNCTION {presort}
+%{ calc.label
+% label sortify
+% " "
+% *
+% type$ "book" =
+% type$ "inbook" =
+% or
+% 'author.editor.sort
+% { type$ "proceedings" =
+% 'editor.sort
+% 'author.sort
+% if$
+% }
+% if$
+% #1 entry.max$ substring$ % for
+% 'sort.label := % apalike
+% sort.label % style
+% *
+% " "
+% *
+% title field.or.null
+% sort.format.title
+% *
+% #1 entry.max$ substring$
+% 'sort.key$ :=
+%}
+FUNCTION {presort}
+%
+% Presort creates the bibentry's label via a call to calc.label, and then
+% sorts the entries based on entry type. Chicago.bst adds support for
+% including organizations as the sort key; the following is stolen from
+% alpha.bst.
+%
+{ calc.label sortify % recalculate bibitem label
+ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
+ " "
+ *
+ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.sort
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.organization.sort
+ { type$ "manual" =
+ 'author.organization.sort
+ 'author.sort
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$ % added for newapa
+ 'sort.label := % added for newapa
+ sort.label % added for newapa
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+SORT % by label, sort.label, title---for final label calculation
+
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra } % apalike labels are only for the text;
+
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num } % there are none in the bibliography
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+ "" 'next.extra :=
+ #0 'last.extra.num :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+%
+% Pass through all entries, comparing current entry to last one.
+% Need to concatenate year to the stack (done by calc.label) to determine
+% if two entries are the same (see presort)
+%
+{ last.label
+ calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$ = % are they equal?
+ { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+ last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+ }
+ { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+ "" 'extra.label :=
+ calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'last.label := % assign to last.label
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+ { "a" 'extra.label := }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ label.year extra.label * 'sort.year :=
+ extra.label 'next.extra :=
+}
+
+%FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff} % and hence there is no `longest.label'
+%{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+% "" 'next.extra :=
+% #0 'last.extra.num :=
+%}
+%
+%FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+%{ last.label label =
+% { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+% last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+% }
+% { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+% "" 'extra.label :=
+% label 'last.label :=
+% }
+% if$
+%}
+%
+%FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+%{ next.extra "b" =
+%% { "a" 'extra.label := }
+% 'skip$
+% if$
+%% label extra.label * 'label :=
+% label.year extra.label * 'sort.year :=
+% extra.label 'next.extra :=
+%}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+% Now that the label is right we sort for real,
+% on sort.label then year then title. This is
+% for the second sorting pass.
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+ " "
+ *
+ year field.or.null sortify
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+
+SORT % by sort.label, year, title---giving final bibliography order
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$ % no \etalchar in apalike
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$ % no labels in apalike
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}