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-rw-r--r--macros/latex-dev/base/encguide.tex110
1 files changed, 55 insertions, 55 deletions
diff --git a/macros/latex-dev/base/encguide.tex b/macros/latex-dev/base/encguide.tex
index 8032f2cce9..339bce1eb3 100644
--- a/macros/latex-dev/base/encguide.tex
+++ b/macros/latex-dev/base/encguide.tex
@@ -2,37 +2,37 @@
%
% Copyright (C) 1993-2020
% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
-% in this file.
-%
+% in this file.
+%
% This file is part of the LaTeX base system.
% -------------------------------------------
-%
+%
% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in
% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 2008 or later.
-%
+%
% This file has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%
+%
% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is
% given in the file `manifest.txt'. See also `legal.txt' for additional
% information.
-%
-% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+%
+% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-%
+%
% \fi
%
-
+
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
-
+
\documentclass{ltxguide}[1994/11/20]
-
+
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{}
\usepackage{textcomp}
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
\else
\count@="80
\setbox0=\hbox{\X
- \loop\char\count@\advance\count@ by1 \ifnum\count@<"100
+ \loop\char\count@\advance\count@ by1 \ifnum\count@<"100
\repeat}%
\ifdim\wd0>0pt \let\top\tophalf\else\let\top\notophalf\fi
\beginchart\X{\hfill\llap{\textbf{#1, \large#2}\label{fonttable:#1}}}\normalchart
@@ -186,18 +186,18 @@
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\title{\LaTeX{} font encodings}
-
+
\author{Frank Mittelbach \and Robin
Fairbairns \and Werner Lemberg \and \LaTeX3 Project Team.}
-
+
\date{\copyright~Copyright 1995--2016 \\[5pt] 18 February 2016}
-
+
\begin{document}
-
+
\maketitle
-
+
\tableofcontents
-
+
\section{Introduction}
This document explains the ideas that underpin \LaTeX{} font
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ The Computer Modern text encoding raises problems in unmodified
\verb"\accent" commands. Even in those Western European languages for
which the \Enc{OT1} encoding has symbols for the necessary
\verb"\accent"-based diacritics, this shortcoming ruins typesetting of
-running text.
+running text.
With the advent of \TeX{}\,3, with its ability to switch between
hyphenation pattern sets, it was clear that the situation could not
@@ -299,11 +299,11 @@ most likely be delayed still further.
\subsection{Further information}
-
+
For a general introduction to \LaTeX, including the new features of
\LaTeXe, you should read \emph{\LaTeXbook},
Leslie Lamport, Addison Wesley, 2nd~ed, 1994.
-
+
A more detailed description of the new features of \LaTeX, including an
overview of more than 200 packages and nearly 1000 ready to run examples, is
to be found in \emph{\LaTeXcomp{} second edition} by Frank Mittelbach and
@@ -313,11 +313,11 @@ The \LaTeX{} project sponsored a report on Mathematical % spelt out in full
font encodings, which
is worth reading for its insight into the problems of defining the way
in which math is used: see~\cite{ziegler,clasen,clasen-vieth}.
-
+
The \LaTeX{} font selection scheme is based on \TeX, which is described
by its developer in \emph{The \TeX book}, Donald E.~Knuth, Addison
Wesley, 1986, revised in 1991 to include the features of \TeX~3.
-
+
For more information about \TeX{} and \LaTeX, please contact your local
\TeX{} Users Group, or the international \TeX{} Users Group
(\url{http://www.tug.org}).
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ start with |E|, whilst |U| is for Unknown or Unclassified encodings.
change from font to font, a number of problems arise, so it is best to
develop encodings that can be used with a large number of fonts in parallel.
This allows documents to be typeset using different fonts without problems.
-
+
The \Enc{TS1} encoding is a good example of a \emph{bad} encoding (even
though it was developed with the best intentions) as a huge number of fonts
can only implement parts of it. Similarly, the fact that the few sets of
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ start with |E|, whilst |U| is for Unknown or Unclassified encodings.
problems. Don't add to this if possible!
\end{quote}
-
+
\subsection{128$^+$ glyph encodings (text)}
The `OT' series of font encodings start with Donald Knuth's original
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ signifying `original', or just `old'.
\verb=\=, \verb={=, and \verb=}= are only available in the
typewriter fonts and the \textdollar{} and \textsterling{} signs
share the same position (in different font shapes).
-
+
This means that direct selection of these slots can produce
unpredictable results, e.g., typing \texttt{\string<} or
\verb=\symbol{'74}= in a document can yield `\textquestiondown'.
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ signifying `original', or just `old'.
The \Enc{OT3} encoding was never really used with \LaTeXe{}
following the introduction of the TIPA system which offers much
better support for IPA. In particular, no \File{ot3enc.def}
- file was ever produced.
+ file was ever produced.
\end{encodinginfo}
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ signifying `original', or just `old'.
\end{encodinginfo}
-
+
\begin{encodinginfo}{OT6}
{Armenian text encoding}
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ signifying `original', or just `old'.
{--- (within each encoding)}
{larm1000}
{\cite{Berdnikov:eurotex-98}}
-
+
There are too many glyphs in the full Cyrillic complement of
languages for all of them to be covered by a single
\LaTeX{}-compliant encoding (the lower half of each
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ signifying `original', or just `old'.
The \Enc{T3} encoding (and associated macros) provides the glyphs required
in phonetic description according to current International Phonetic
Association recommendations \cite{ipa}.
-
+
The \Enc{T3} encoding does \emph{not fulfil} the requirements for \Enc{T}
encodings---the name is a historical accident. The correct name would be
\Enc{X3}, but due to the fact that this font family has been used under its
@@ -569,15 +569,15 @@ signifying `original', or just `old'.
{0x00--0xFF} % range(s) of slots used for glyphs
{0x24} % range(s) of slots with variable glyphs if any
{fcr10} % name of an example font
- {\cite{tub:JKn93}}
+ {\cite{tub:JKn93}}
The African Latin fonts contain in their lower half (0--127) the same
characters as the European Latin (T1-encoded) Fonts, while in their
upper half (128--255) they
contain letters and symbols for African languages that use extended
-Latin alphabets.
+Latin alphabets.
Due to lack of space, J\"org had to play the unfortunate trick of
-assigning \verb=\textdollar= and \verb=\textsterling=
+assigning \verb=\textdollar= and \verb=\textsterling=
the same position; users should take these characters
from the text companion font, if they are needed. Instead of defining
a lot of new control sequences for the single letters, there are three
@@ -585,9 +585,9 @@ accent-like control sequences with general purpose:
\verb=\m= (Modified-1),
\verb=\M= (Modified-2) and
\verb=\B= (Barred).
-Most standard \LaTeX{} encoding-dependent commands
+Most standard \LaTeX{} encoding-dependent commands
work. However, the Icelandic special letters are not available and `best
-replacements' for \verb=\Th=, \verb=\th=, and \verb=\dh=
+replacements' for \verb=\Th=, \verb=\th=, and \verb=\dh=
are used (barred T and d resp.).
\end{encodinginfo}
@@ -673,8 +673,8 @@ itself hasn't been defined so far.
\else
\expandafter\ifx\csname r@fonttable:ptmr8c\endcsname\relax
\else
- \space (compare the two tables for \Enc{TS1} on
- pages~\pageref{fonttable:tcrm1000}
+ \space (compare the two tables for \Enc{TS1} on
+ pages~\pageref{fonttable:tcrm1000}
and~\pageref{fonttable:ptmr8c})%
\fi
\fi.
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ itself hasn't been defined so far.
{---}
{cmsy10}
{\cite[p.431]{A-W:DKn86}}
-
+
The \Enc{OMS} encoding contains basic mathematical symbols,
together with an uppercase ``calligraphic'' Latin alphabet.
\end{encodinginfo}
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ given in \cite{ziegler}.
{all}
{}
{\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
+
As the name indicates, encodings starting with the letter \Enc{E} are
intended for experimental encodings, that are still likely to change.
\end{encodinginfo}
@@ -811,14 +811,14 @@ given in \cite{ziegler}.
{all}
{}
{\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
+
`Local' encodings provide the means to develop representation
techniques that are suited to a particular \TeX{} environment. While
the developer has freedom to specify their encoding as he or she
pleases, there is a strong incentive to obey the \LaTeX{} rules for
encodings, since it will otherwise be difficult to compose text using
the encoding.
-
+
At least it was the intention that \Enc{L..} encodings are local and
site dependent. However, a number of such encodings became generally
used without ever getting a different name allocated.
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ given in \cite{ziegler}.
{\emph{believed none}}
{ptmr8y}
{\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
+
This is an alternative to the \Enc{T1} encoding developed by Y\&Y and
used in their commercial \TeX{} implementation.
@@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ given in \cite{ziegler}.
{\emph{believed none}}
{grmn1000}
{\cite[p.575]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
+
Currently the main encoding in use for the Greek language.
This encoding doesn't conform to the restrictions for
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ given in \cite{ziegler}.
{---}
{}
{\cite{Adobe:PDF-1.6}, \cite{hyperref}}
-
+
The \Enc{PD1} encoding is a virtual encoding with 256 glyphs needed to
produce bookmarks and similar text in PDF document generated with pdf\LaTeX.
The encoding is ``virtual'' because by design there are no \TeX{}
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ given in \cite{ziegler}.
{---}
{}
{\cite{Adobe:PDF-1.6}, \cite{hyperref}}
-
+
Another virtual encoding (with more than 600 characters) for
Unicode-encoded bookmarks in PDF documents.
\end{encodinginfo}
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ given in \cite{ziegler}.
-\section{Restrictions}
+\section{Restrictions}
\label{sec:restrictions}
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ accented. For example, |\v{c}| is the \textsc{licr} for `\v{c}'.
\ttverb\textunderscore \>OT1,T1\> \textunderscore \> \\
\ttverb\textvisiblespace \>OT1,T1\> \textvisiblespace\> \\
\ttverb\th \>T1 \> \th \>
-\end{tabbing}
+\end{tabbing}
\section{Encodings for Unicode based \TeX\ systems}
\label{sec:unicode}
@@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ The restrictions described in section \ref{sec:restrictions} do not
apply, or need to be modified in a Unicode based engine. Clearly the
lowercase table (and hyphenation patterns) can not be restricted to
the values used for \Enc{T1} and do only refer to the first 256
-characters.
+characters.
When the \LaTeX\ format is made \LaTeX\ sets up the lowercase table
and classifies characters as letter- or non-letter-based on \Enc{T1} if
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ avoid any need to manipulate \verb=\lccode= in the document.)
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\numberline{\relax}\refname}
-
+
\bibitem{Adobe:PDF-1.6} \emph{\textsc{PDF} reference}:
Adobe portable document format version~1.6. Adobe Systems
@@ -1310,9 +1310,9 @@ Michael~J. Ferguson.
\bibitem{tub:JKn93}
J\"org Knappen.
-\newblock Fonts for Africa: The fc Fonts.
+\newblock Fonts for Africa: The fc Fonts.
\newblock {\em {TUG}boat}, 14(2):104, 1993.
-
+
\bibitem{Knappen:TB17-2-96} J\"org Knappen:
\emph{The \Pkg{dc} fonts~1.3: Move towards stability
and completeness}. In: TUGBoat 17\#2, 1996.
@@ -1321,7 +1321,7 @@ J\"org Knappen.
\bibitem{A-W:DKn86}
Donald~E. Knuth.
\newblock {\em The {\TeX}book}.
-\newblock Volume~A of {\em Computers \& {T}ypesetting\/},
+\newblock Volume~A of {\em Computers \& {T}ypesetting\/},
May 1989.
\newblock Eight printing.
@@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens.
\url{http://unicode.org/ucd}.
\bibitem{ziegler} Justin Ziegler, \emph{Technical
- Report on Math Font Encodings}, June 1994,
+ Report on Math Font Encodings}, June 1994,
\url{http://www.tug.org/twg/mfg/papers/ltx3pub/l3d007.ps.gz}.
\end{thebibliography}