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+\input amstexl
+\input lamstex
+
+%% This file is both a ``readme'' file and a sample LamS-TeX file.
+%% The initial part, between the \comment and \endcomment lines,
+%% is meant to be read on line. When the file is TeX'ed, this
+%% material will be ignored.
+
+
+\comment
+
+LamS-TeX is an extension to AmS-TeX that provides three major additions.
+
+
+(I) FIRST WE HAVE PROFESSIONAL QUALITY COMMUTATIVE DIAGRAMS OF ALL
+SORTS, AS WELL AS ``PARTITIONED MATRICES''.
+
+A sample commutative diagram, which everyone seems to think is very
+impressive, even though it is rather simple to produce, can be seen
+by TeXing this file.
+
+The commutative diagrams use five new fonts lams1, ... lams5, which
+contain arrow shafts, dashed shafts, heads, half heads, etc., at
+many different angles, so that an enormous number of different sorts
+of arrows can be drawn at all these different angles. The
+commutative diagram macros do not require any knowledge of the
+coordinates of the groups in the diagrams---arrows are indicated simply
+as ``vectors'': @(h,v) indicates an arrow that points to the group
+that is h columns to the right and v rows up (h and v can both be
+negative). LamS-TeX automatically picks the best angle for the indicated
+arrow, but there are options that allow you to change the arrow in
+almost any way imaginable.
+
+The MetaFont sources lams1.mf, ... lams5.mf are provided, so that
+the fonts can be made at any size and resolution.
+
+
+(II) A VERY LARGE PART OF LAMS-TEX IS DEVOTED TO TABLES.
+
+Only the LamS-TeX Manual can describe all the details allowed for
+tables, but here are a few important features:
+
+You can define columns in which elements are set left-justified, centered,
+or right-justified, or even such columns in which other conditions
+are added, like font changes. The position of individual entries of a
+column can easily be changed, and fancier things are possible, like
+creating a column of left-justified elements all centered under a longer
+heading.
+
+You can also produce columns consisting of paragraphs of text of
+prescribed width, columns in which formulas are treated as math,
+or as displayed math, columns for decimal numbers that will line up
+automatically on the decimal point, or columns for money amounts,
+with additional features. The gaps between columns can also be made
+to stretch to produce tables of desired width. Entries can cross columns.
+
+When entries are more than one line tall, rows can be specified to
+have entries aligned along the top line or the bottom line, or
+centered, and an entry can cross over rows.
+
+Lines can be inserted between any rows or columns, and partial lines
+can be inserted. There is complete control of each of the line segments
+that appear in a table: the height and depth of each horizontal segment
+can be controlled, and for each vertical segment, the amount the line
+extends to the left or right of its position can be controlled.
+
+Numerous special constructions allow you to get the sort of details
+that are the hallmark of professional tables. As a simple examle,
+struts are automatically inserted to provide proper spacing between
+rows and the horizontal lines above and below them.
+
+
+(III) LAMS-TEX PROVIDES THE SORT OF FUNCTIONALITY PROVIDED BY LATEX, BUT
+WITH MUCH GREATER FLEXIBILITY, AND WITH MANY ADDITIONAL FEATURES.
+
+Again, only the LamS-TeX Manual can completely indicate all this, but
+here are a few important points.
+
+To begin with, LamS-TeX, as an extension of AmS-TeX, is almost completely
+compatible with plain TeX. (There is even an additional short file,
+pcompat.tex---whose use is explained within the file itself---that
+eliminates the slight incompatibility of AmS-TeX and plain TeX.)
+
+Moreover, the syntax of LamS-TeX, similar to that of AmS-TeX, is
+considerably more concise than that of LaTeX.
+
+But the most important aspect of LamS-TeX is its flexibility, which
+allows you to have LamS-TeX do things the way you want, as opposed
+to LaTeX, which essentially forces you to do things the way it wants.
+
+ For example, even if your Lemmas are being numbered 1, 2, 3, ...
+ you can decide to have the next Lemma called Lemma A.
+
+ If you don't like having formulas numbered consecutively throughout a
+ chapter, but simply want to number certain formulas in proofs,
+ for reference within that proof, each time starting with (1), you
+ can easily arrange that.
+
+ Or every now and then you might simply want to label certain formulas
+ that will soon need to be referred to with (*) or (**) ...
+
+ Or, after the displayed formula (14), you might have a dual formula,
+ which you would like to have labelled (14*).
+
+ Or you might the next set of aligned formulas to be
+ labelled (15a), (15b), (15c).
+
+LamS-TeX has a simple, consistent, approach that allows you to make
+such modifications to any construction that normally receives automatic
+numbering---these include formula numbers, items in lists of all sorts,
+theorems, lemmas, etc., chapters, sections, etc., footnotes, and figure
+and table captions, and you can also create new automatically numbered
+constructions of your own. In addition to the changes indicated above,
+you can also easily change the numbering from arabic numbers to
+upper- or lower-case letters, or upper- or lower-case roman numerals.
+You can even change the font in which the numbers are printed, as well
+as the ``style'' in which they are printed (surrounded by parentheses,
+or followed by a period, etc.)
+
+LamS-TeX's \label and \ref construction is similar to LaTeX's, except
+that you can also refer to different aspects of some \label'ed
+construction. For example, if formulas are being labelled as
+(3.4.1), (3.4.2), (3.4.3), ... (in section 4 of chapter 3), you can
+access both the number (1 or 2 or 3 or ...) as well as the number
+together with its preliminary indicator, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, ...
+as well as the completely formatted number (3.4.1), (3.4.2), ...
+
+[There are also enough ``hooks'' to allow you to write more interesting
+constructions. For example, in the LamS-TeX manual, where sections
+are labelled as 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, ... in Chapter 3, I made a special
+construction so that in Chapter 3 it would print ``section 4'' when
+referring to section 3.4, but ``section 5.4'' when referring to the
+section 5.4 in a different Chapter. And I made a special construction
+that usually prints ``see page ...'', but prints ``see the previous
+page'' if ... is one less than the current page, and ``see above''
+when ... equals the current page.]
+
+It might also be mentioned that LamS-TeX allows you to have footnote
+numbers start at 1 on each page automatically (this is an obvious task
+for a two-pass system, and it's hard to imagine why it hasn't been done
+before, since it is so ugly to have footnotes numbered throughout a chapter).
+
+Special attention is given to the question of Theorems, Propositions,
+Lemmas, Corollaries, etc. It is easy to set things up so that, for
+example, Theorems and Propositions are numbered together, Lemmas
+are numbered separately, and Corollaries are also numbered separately
+and automatically start with 1 after each Theorem or Lemma.
+
+One of the most complex parts of LamS-TeX is its mechanism for
+automatically placing figures and tables. The mechanism follows
+standard typesetting rules---at most two figures per page, one at
+the top, one at the bottom, with figures always following their
+reference---except that all sorts of exceptions are allowed, so
+that you can have more than one figure on a page, force a figure
+to the bottom, have a figure occur at the top or bottom depending
+on whether it is referred to nearer the top or bottom of the page,
+occur right in the middle of a paragraph, etc., etc. You can also
+have figures occur in pairs or triples, either placed above each
+other, or side-by-side, and you can indicate that a figure is so
+large that LamS-TeX should simply reserve a page for it, together
+with its caption. As most style specify, figures are not allowed
+to occur on the first page, and the mechanism for this is easily
+changed in the book style, for example, to prevent figures on the
+first page of any chapter. In addition, figures will always be
+``flushed out'' at the end of each chapter, before the next
+chapter begins.
+
+LamS-TeX's ``literal'' mode (``verbatim'' mode in LaTeX) should
+also be noted, again because of its flexibility. You not only
+can choose the character that is used to delimit literal mode,
+but you can also choose a new escape character, so that control
+sequences can be used within literal mode. Displayed literal
+mode material can be arbitrarily long; although usually
+an unbreakable unit, there are control sequences (typed using
+the new escape character) that allow or force page breaks.
+It is thus quite easy to handle long computer program listings
+using literal mode.
+
+LamS-TeX has an extensive set of constructions for bibliographies,
+but LamS-TeX can also be made to interface with BiBTeX,
+if you already have a large BiBTeX data base.
+
+Naturally LamS-TeX includes automatic generation of a table of
+contents file, and its indexing aspect has an extensive set of features.
+In addition to subentries, up to five levels, you can indicate that
+an entry should be printed using an arbitrary control sequence (e.g.,
+a font control sequence), or that its page number should be printed
+using an arbitrary control sequence. You can also indicate page spans,
+cross-references, etc., etc.
+
+
+******************************************************************
+
+THE LAMS-TEX MANUAL (300 PAGES, SPIRAL BOUND) IS AVAILABLE FROM
+
+ TEXPLORATORS
+ 3701 W. ALABAMA, SUITE 450-273
+ HOUSTON, TX 77027
+
+THE CURRENT PRICE IS $30, WHICH INCLUDES SHIPPING
+
+YOU CAN ALSO ASK YOUR BOOK STORE TO ORDER IT FOR YOU
+(THE CURRENT EDITION OF THE MANUAL DOES NOT HAVE AN ISBN NUMBER)
+
+******************************************************************
+
+THE LAMS-TEX WIZARD'S MANUAL, PRESUMABLY OF VERY LIMITED INTEREST,
+EXPLAINS ALL THE CODE IN LAMSTEX IN COMPLETE, THOROUGH, AND
+NAUSEATING DETAIL. MORE PRECISELY, VOLUME I, WHICH IS ALL THAT
+HAS BEEN WRITTEN, COVERS ALL THE DETAILS OF THE FIRST PART OF THE
+LAMSTEX MANUAL, BUT NOT THE COMMUTATIVE DIAGRAMS OR TABLES. IT IS
+600 PAGES LONG AND IS PRINTED ON DEMAND, BY LASER PRINTER,
+(ON BOTH SIDES OF 300 PAGES). IT IS NORMALLY PRINTED DIRECTLY ON
+3-HOLE PUNCHED PAPER, UNLESS YOU REQUEST OTHERWISE.
+
+THE PRICE, INCLUDING SHIPPING, IS $40.
+
+*****************************************************************
+
+IN PREPARATION: THE LAMS-TEX STYLE FILE DESIGNER'S MANUAL.
+THIS WILL BE A SORT OF CONDENSATION OF THE WIZARD'S
+MANUAL, FOCUSING ON THOSE THINGS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR MODIFYING
+THE DEFAULT LAMSTEX STYLE. IT WILL BE PRINTED, SPIRAL BOUND,
+AND PROBABLY SOLD AT SOME BARGAIN PRICE, LIKE $10.
+
+******************************************************************
+
+\endcomment
+
+\document
+
+\NameHL1\chapter
+\Namehl1\section
+
+\chapter Sample File\\ \rm (Read the file itself for more
+information)\endchapter
+
+\section{Sample diagrams}
+Here are three sample commutative diagrams:
+\define\la#1{@()\L{#1}}
+\define\lb#1{@()\l{#1}}
+$$
+\redefine\H{@()\1H}
+\ssizeCDlabels
+\cgaps{.7; .9; .7; .9; .7}
+\CD
+H_q
+ \la\omega @(2,0)
+ \H\lb{p_q} @(0,-2)
+ \la a \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
+& & \pi_{q+1}
+ \la{h_{q+1}} \H @(2,0)
+ @() \dl{-10} \lb\eta \H @(0,-2)
+ \la b \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
+& & H_{q+1}
+ @() \dl{-10} \lb{p_{q+1}} \H @(0,-2)
+ \la c \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
+\\
+& H'_q
+ @() \dl{-10} \lb{p'_q} \H @(0,-2)
+ @() \dL{-10} \la{\omega'} @(2,0)
+& & \pi'_{q+1}
+ @() \dl{-10} \lb{\eta'} \H @(0,-2)
+ @() \dL{-10} \la{h'_{q+1}} @(2,0)
+& & H'_{q+1}
+ \H \lb{p'_{q+1}} @(0,-2)
+\\
+\Cal H_q
+ \la\alpha \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
+ @() \0t \dL{10} \la\Omega @(2,0)
+& &\Pi_{q+1}
+ \la\beta \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
+ @() \dL{10} \la H\H @(2,0)
+& &\Cal H_{q+1}
+ \la\gamma \lb\simeq @(1,-1)
+\\
+& \Cal H'_q
+ @() \0t \la{\Omega'} @(2,0)
+& & \Pi'_{q+1}
+ \la{H'} \H @(2,0)
+& & \Cal H'_{q+1}
+\endCD
+\tag
+$$
+and
+$$
+\cgaps{.8; .8}
+\CD
+D \la i @(2,0)
+ & & D @() \1` \p{-2} \lb j @(-1,-1) @() \1e \0' \p2 \la{j'} @(-1,-1) \\
+& E\lb k @(-1,1)
+\endCD \tag
+$$
+and
+$$
+\define\Hom{\operatorname{Hom}}
+\rgaps{1.3;1}
+\CD
+B\otimes_A\Hom_A(B,A)
+ \la\phi @(2,0)
+ @() \ds(-10;-2) \la\psi @(1,-1)
+ @() \ds(-20;-2) \lb{\sigma\ } @(1,-2)
+& & \Hom_A(B,B)
+ @() \ds(10;-2) \la\mu_k @(-1,-1)
+ @() \ds(20;-2) \lb{\ \operatorname{tr}_{B/A}} @(-1,-2)
+\\
+& \Hom_A(B,A)
+ \lb\theta @(0,-1)
+\\
+& A
+\endCD
+\tag
+$$
+
+\section{Other Features} For other features, see the documentation.
+
+\immediate\write16{^^J If you get an error message either because^^J
+you don't have the file lamslogo.tex, or because you don't have^^J
+the font cmsy8, just type \string\enddocument before this message^^J
+in the file, and read the information about availability of the^^J
+manual directly from this file itself.^^J}
+
+\input lamslogo
+
+\section{Documentation}
+ The \LamSTeX\ Manual, ``\LamSTeX, The Synthesis'' (300~pages,
+spiral bound) is available from
+\medskip
+\margins \pullin{30pt}{}
+\flushpar Texplorators\newline
+3701 W. Alabama, Suite 450-273\newline
+Houston, TX 77027
+\endmargins
+
+\medskip\flushpar
+The current price is \$30, which includes shipping (special
+4th class rate). You can also ask your book store to order it for you (the
+current edition of the manual does not have an ISBN number).
+
+\bigskip\flushpar
+The \LamSTeX's Wizard's Manual, presumably of very limited interest,
+explains all the code in \LamSTeX\ in complete, thorough, and
+nauseating detail. More precisely, Volume~I, which is all that has
+been written, covers all the details of the first part of the
+\LamSTeX\ Manual, but not the commutative diagrams or tables. It is
+600~pages long and is printed on demand, by laser printer (on both sides
+of 300~pages). It is normally printed directly on 3-hole punched paper,
+unless you request otherwise.
+
+\medskip\flushpar
+The price, including shipping, is \$40.00.
+
+
+\bigskip\bigskip\flushpar
+In preparation: The \LamSTeX\ Style File Designer's Manual. This will
+be a sort of condensation of the Wizard's Manual, focusing on those things
+that are required for modifying the default \LamSTeX\ style. It will be
+printed, spiral bound, and probably sold at some bargain price, like \$10.00.
+
+
+\enddocument \ No newline at end of file