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diff --git a/language/typingtex/ASCII-on-the-Mac.doc b/language/typingtex/ASCII-on-the-Mac.doc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff568286e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/language/typingtex/ASCII-on-the-Mac.doc @@ -0,0 +1,278 @@ + + + *** ASCII-on-the-Mac.doc *** + + + When the Macintosh stoops to converse with the rest +of the world on the email (= electronic mail) network the +Macintosh user has to adapt to the old ASCII system +(=American Standard for Computer Information Interchange of 1963). +Since, on the Macintosh, ASCII is neither clearly delimited +nor optimally implemented, some learning and adaptation on +the part of the user is required. The following comments +may help. + + Leaving aside details of little interest, one can say +that under the ASCII regime the Mac user is simply required +to use only TEXT files and therein use only the characters + + 9 (tab), 13 (carriage return), 32 (space) + and 33 -- 126, which are : + !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_` + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ + +Roughly speaking, these are the common unaccented caracters +and diacritics of American typewriters the early 20th +century. Unfortunately there are problems: + + (A) The following common diacritics are not ASCII and +must not be used although they may be marked on the keyboard: + + section (= \S in TeX) + degree + dieresis + pound sign + yen + + + (B) The following ASCII characters are often somewhat +inaccessible (depending on your Mac model and software!) + + \ | @ # + +You do well to hunt them down and mark them somehow. + + (C) The following characters are marked but on +"dead-keys" (=keys that give bo result on first being struck) + ` ^ ~ and perhaps ' " + +On early Macs the dead keys were typed by double-striking +them. From the coming of the ADB (=Apple Desktop Bus) +keyboards in 1987(?), dead keys became spooky; the +double strike to obtain the dead-key character was +invalidated and replaced by the dead-key followed by +spacebar. For many users that takes twice as long as the +original double strike. + + In 1988 Fabien Samuel wrote at my request a low level +system patch (for the KeyTrans ROM routine) to restore the +original behavior of dead-keys. It comes in the form of an +INIT file called KeyTransPatchInit to be put in your system +folder. It is given immediately below in binhex coded +form. Put the binhex code and preamble in a TEXT file on +the Mac and decode with BinHeX or CompactPro or Stuffit +to obtain the INIT file. + +(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0) +:(%YPH94bB@jc8'&dBfK*EQPd+'4PB@3YDf9jFbN!58j*9%CK8f%K!!!!!!!!!!2 +-%1d!!!!!!3!!!!-"!!!#!3!!!-[!!B!2i!'!(r!"J"ji!B!m2!'!1"`"J(!i!B" +`1!'!i"a,CAP8FQ&ZFe"KG'0S5@jTG#KNC@&N,@YPHA-T,3)!!!"*6NP84Q&6B5! +!rmF!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+,YU3d!!!!!!!!$c)!!!!+!!!!#J!!!!S+ +UUS+!!!!#L!!!)S!!!!+)!!!LJ!!!!SJ!!#+!!!!#L!!!)S!!!!+)!!!LJ!!!!SJ +!!#+!!!!#L!!!)S!!!!*rrrrm!!!!J!$rr`!"rrq!!rrr`!Iqrq!2r(r`(qaRq$r +%4rara%Iqrd4(rrj%4rrq4%IrrN3!!!")B!3!!!!!)&mLAc!I)Km[#%j@!!")ja! +J*%P#J`J!!!GQ!LB53UF[!6m!,`NJH[r86T!!,9m!##)$C`BN[!!!!!"-h`3)6Pj +1G3!!!!3!!!")!!!"!2rrrrq!!!!"[R2[4D+)L%@LL)Kp[[L)4D#)L%@JL)p&J!! +!!Irrrrq!!!!"QUUUUB!!!!'9999CJ!!!!CUUUUQ!!!!"KArr8B!!!!'!!!!"rrr +rri!!!!(rrrrrrrrrr`!rq!!!!i!!!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!rrr +rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr +rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr!$r +i!!!$J!!!!3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!F4Q&6B3!!!!&'8N9'!!! +!!!#!5801)`!!!!!!J!!!!!G*6NP8!!!!!!!!0M!i!9S-3!3!DbT#Tbmm5h43-8* +RUD!LAb!*CaJ[#DQ5-$`"`k&')P%M5!!#-$`"`b"*S%G1G3!!!%"#5f9j9(*KER0 +3BA4MD#"*EQPd)#dJ3fp`HA*TCfKd)%CKBQPPEL"6B@eeC@`J-6Ni1#!J)#!J)#! +J)#!J)#!J!!!"!!!!!`%!!!)"!!!!b`!+JB`6'J!!!"`!UJ!'5h43-3!!!$TcHA0 +k!!!!4NP$6L-!!!"53Nj%6!!!!&j'8N9'!!!!DNCK8f%!!!"f58j*9!!!!))!!!! +!8!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1)!!!6!!!!!!!J2rr*!!!9!!!!!!!J2rr)!!"@!!!!!!!J2r +r!!!"H!!!!!!!!2rr)!!"[3!+JA`!!!!@%!!"J`!!!!!05f9j9(*KER03BA4MD!G +,G("6DATP#NYdF%PZFh4KE'bcL`: + + + There is still a minor bug or two in the patch; perhaps +someone will take up the challenge to fix it? + + With the above patch, the Mac on its own types and +displays ASCII reasonably well with almost any Mac prose font. +But the situation may take a turn for the worse once the Mac +is connected to the net. The "terminal program" often fails to +establish full ASCII communication between the Macintosh +and the host computer on the net. + + +NCSATelnet + + One bad example still widely used is the NCSATelnet program +(non-TCP form); it allows the Mac to be a Telnet node on a local +network, usually ethernet or Apple's Local Talk. The most +freindly versions seem to be 2.2 and 2.3. About ten ASCII +characters become inaccessible and have to be replaced by +command keys on the numerical keypad: Command 0, ... Command 9. + + The following seems a suitable arrangement + + 7 ` 8 < 9 > + + 4 { 5 | 6 } + + 1 ~ 2 # 3 \ + + 0 @ + +To retain these from one session to the next one should +add to the configuration file the following lines: + +key0= "@" +key1= "~" +key2= "#" +key3= "\\" +key4= "{" +key5= "|" +key6= "}" +key7= "`" +key8= "<" +key9= ">" + + This is just one terminal program of recent times. Expect +similar problems with others. That being so, the Mac user is +well advised to collect means that let him survive with a +crippled keyboard. The device of copying from and pasting to the +terminal program window is one of the most powerful. It permits +one to do essentially all typing and editing in one's favorite +text editor. + + Another helpful item is the KeyFinder desk accessory +available from sumex.stanford.edu. It lets one type with the +mouse. + + This collection of "helpful hints" for Macs in the ASCII +world is highly subjective. Readers are most welcome to suggest +useful additions. + + Larry S <lcs@matups.matups.fr> + + + +Here is another approach to the dead-key problem +based on KCHR reprogramming. (Cf Fabien Samuel's INIT above). + +ASCII sur le Mac + +%%~t gut@ens.fr 8-94 + + *** ASCII sur le Mac, deux approches *** + + Je rencontre souvent des utilisateurs du Macintosh +qui disent: + + > Pour un certain nombre de raisons + > j'utilise moi-meme un clavier QWERTY. + + Un des motifs pour cela est qu'on ne voit pas +les caract`er ascii @~#\ grav'es sur le clavier. + +Mais on peut mettre de petites 'etiquettes sur le devant +des touches en question --- rem`ede satisfaisant. + + Un autre motif est la difficult'e d'acc`es `a +<tilde>, <leftquote> et <hat> --- qui est due `a un +m'ecanisme de touches mortes servant `a acc'eder aux +caract`eres Mac pr'ecompos'es portant un de ces trois +"accents". + + --- pour obtenir <tilde> + on doit taper Option n et ensuite <espace> + + --- pour obtenir ` (leftquote = l'accent grave) + on doit taper ` et ensuite <espace> + + --- pour obtenir ^ + on doit taper ^ et ensuite <espace> + + En somme la frappe `a 8 bits entrave s'erieusement la +frappe ASCII. Cela explique en partie le m'epris pour le +Macintosh parmi ceux qui le connaissent mal. Que faire +pour restaurer une bonne frappe ASCII sur le Mac? Il y a, +en effet, plusieurs solutions. + + (1) Am'eliorer m'ecanisme des touches mortes par un +INIT. Fabien Samuel a programm'e cette solution pour +moi. Par exemple, la frappe "<hat> et ensuite +<espace>" devient alors <hat><hat>. C'est bon mais +pas optimal. Son grand avantage est de corriger +tous les claviers nationaux `a la fois. + + (2) Modifier la resource fran_caise KCHR. Il y a +beaucoup de fa_cons de faire cela avec ResEdit. J'ai +choisi de d'etourner compl`etement la touche BLOC +MAJUSCULES pour basculer entre un chavier ASCII et le +clavier 8 bits d'origine. La frappe de <hat> pour <hat> +est donc possible tant que BLOC MAJUSCULES est deprim'e +(et abc donne abc et pas ABC). Pour installer cette +solution on doit remplacer avec ResEdit la resource KCHR +no 1 par celle appele'e "France&ASCIIsurBLOC" et lui +donner le num'ero 1. + + Ces deux solutions (qu'on peut combiner) se trouvent +sur ftp matups.math.u-psud.fr dans + + pub/TeX/TypingTeX.dir/ASCII-on-the-Mac.doc + + + Laurent S + +Voici la resource: + +(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0) +:&dY$5&*'FQ&ZBf8Q390$58PcGA*#6%p$!(*cFQ058d9%!3!!!!!!!!!*$Me%!!! +!!!%!!!!)bJ!!"mS!!!"%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +A5d0)8NCbB@jMC5C"8d0*5A0eFN*-6d-#!!!!FR0bB`!!FR0bBe*6483"!!#4!1X +!!$[1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#UIG3,!!!!!!!!#3jb!LJY!"&3Eh"eF%ePER9$4%9 +',6%b1!9'6'PcG!!!!#-L3Qp[E@9bB@jR)(Ba,M-JU6%j1$NJ5'PbEb"CB@eKE@p +dE`!!"FKJ%J!!3d4&4J#!!!""8ddJ9M%Z-Nj@rqC)jaii+'i!$M`Z!!`k,J!5)%b +JD4e!rqDJ+5483Ui!&%)Z!!!(aJ!!!!!"!3J##3!$"J3%#J8,"!F("`F("`F("`F +("`F("`F"!!%)!3!"!!3%"!3%"!3%"`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`-'"!3&"33%!`B +%"!8&"!3("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!F("`F("`F("`F +("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F +("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F +("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`F("`!-FA0NCQKRGhK +MGN"LBATPFRPd*SiL*k3S,Bf2+5')*'pe!'P`$@aUR@YY!$XpEL`k#5!m#!-E!!! +!!!!!!!!!!!!X(5S!+a`E(`!!,`-H,3!!26!a-M-d06Bh!$Jj!!!!%"!3%"!3%"! +3%'!3%"!3%"!3"3%,Ia!%%!`3("dI(J"48d4'5%GA@%0@)d*"@N95@93a-M-d0M9 +I16HK1$!U6e8!59!06%SP5dfM,LY12bm*)$i)!aX!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#iU+J!V+aX +p!!![!bmY!!!p-$%b-c3e0MF!1$N!!!!3%"!3%"!3%"!3)a!3%"!3%"!&!3Yr%!3 +3$"!F(4mH!&&64%C)4eGB3eC!3N&D49*C9#D1)LHN+#f0MbNKL#4293"*8!e-5Te +,63!l28iX1JNJ2!J$'`!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,"dU!#XF'am!!#m$(Ld!!$d`-6)c0$8 +f0`!i13!!!"!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%!8"#hm3""!-%"`G(ai!i2'fa1hHh-@ +Tek@R[Z@3!+MbS2#4dY5QHp'#ahh"[q,2[*Q8Z3h#l26TY8$*V3#`eJR+XJJ$'`! +!!!!!!!!!!!!!,"dU!#XF'am!!#m$(Ld!!$d`-6)c0$8f0`!i13!!!"!3%"!3%"! +3%""q%"!3%"!3%!8"#hm3""!-%"`G(ai![EI'iH[IhGUL`pQkVS(QfpQU!126eBa +Ed1I)AI1[Y-kllj@i$AcUj1MZ)k@apF"F#FUc#!-E!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Z+LS!+bX +E23!!,`-[,3!!26!a-M-d06Bh!$Jj!!!!%"!3%"!3%"!3%(i3%"!3%"!3"3%,Ia! +%%!`3("dI(J#pYmEKkprGfU,$TEUZJHEEfDV`NG,8TR[4JXGp`ErLcVZCPEJ0I1V +dk1j!bDheX0B*bV))!aX!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#`G+J!V("XI!!![!aiY!!!p-$%b-c3 +e0MF!1$N!!!!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!&!3Yr%!33$"!F(4mH!1$aYX6YhYc +&UGHPTllPN!#SmU$`NG,8TR[4JXGp`ErLclbCP,N0`ZcdkE9!bDeqX0B*bV))!aX +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#`G+J!V("XI!!![!aiY!!!p-$%b-c3e0MF!1$N!!!!3%"!3%"! +3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!&!3Yr%!33$"!F(4mH!"%6"!B)"aFB!aB`!J%D"4)C&$%b-c3 +f06dj0ami-"d2&4X*%!d-#L),$4`l,`iX,JNJB!J$'`!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,KdU!#X +F'am!!#m$(Ld!!$d`-6)c0$8f0`!i13!!!"!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%"!3%!8"#hm +3""!-%"`G(ai!FA0NCQKRGhKMGN"LBATPFRPd*SiL*k3S,Bf2+5')*'peAQP`$@a +UR@YYB$XpEL`k#5!m#!-E!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!X(5S!+a`E(`!!,`-H,3!!26!a-M- +d06Bh!$Jj!!!!%"!3%"!3%"!3%'!32"!3%"!3"3%,Ia!%%!`3("dI(J"48d4'5%G +A@%0@)d*"@N95@93a-M-d0M9I16HK1$!U6e@X59!06%SP5dfM,LY12bm*)$i)!aX +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#iU+J!V+aXp!!![!bmY!!!p-$%b-c3e0MF!1$N!!!!3%"!3%"! +3%"!3)a!q%"!3%"!&!3Yr%!33$"!F(4mH!1$aYX6YhYc&UGHPTllPN!#SmU$`NG, +8TR[4JXGp`ErLclbCP,N0`ZcdkE9!bDeqX0B*bV))!aX!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#`G+J! +V("XI!!![!aiY!!!p-$%b-c3e0MF!1$N!!!!3%"!3%"!3%"!3IK!3%"!3%"!&!3Y +r%!33$"!F(4mH!,fhaZ(VhphDSX2CZUk"jY[CUJ$Mdp@-@p$Rb&hcVl61Zqq9Z!e +mkZ6SlL1PXIA!A!R+X`J$'`!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,LSU!#XV'cd!!#m$,bd!!$d`-6) +c0$8f0`!i13!!!"!3%"!3%"!3%""q%"!3%"!3%!8"#hm3""!-%"`G(ai!!!F%%J! +,)+YKKf@1DC*[Ph@F3HG&JdRU6qj9mJ#V!#S!#b"JBBKPMfQ6EjKeR8(,4HP*l8r +a9I3!B!)U!!XJB'')CBpTNfqBGCe"bdAT5He2m9Ad!'!!)3!,)&jKL@@3!'Q8EjP +eRN(P4HC*kdr[9I-!AJ%K!!dJV''+CC&TP@qDGCpjf%'!4HK*l%q&9BCCf3#X!bd +!"b"q3Fa2c8k%BBYZPQqE!(i#)3!,)&jKL@@3!'Q8EjPeRN(P4HC*kdr[9I-JAJ! +!!3!!!!M+!!!(bJ!!!%3!!"km"lJ!!!!F!$)!!%Y$5&)!!!!+!!S!!#!!!!!!"k, +i%8CbB@jMC5C"8d0*55p#6%p$hD-: + + |