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+\documentclass{article}
+
+% Test with various LGR-encoded fonts:
+\usepackage%
+{lmodern} % uses CB Fonts for Greek
+% {gfsartemisia}
+% {gfsbaskerville}
+% [default]{gfsbodoni}
+% [default]{gfscomplutum}
+% {gfsdidot}
+% [default]{gfsneohellenic}
+% {lmodern} \usepackage{gfsporson} \renewcommand*\rmdefault{porson}
+% [default]{gfssolomos}
+% {kerkis} % lacks some chars (\Stigma, \Sampi, double quotes)
+% {teubner}
+% \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{txtt}
+
+\usepackage{parskip}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+
+\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}
+
+% Shortcut accent macros \< and \>:
+%
+% The Symbol macros for the breathings were
+% moved to ``textalpha.sty`` to avoid clashes with possible local
+% definitions of these macros.
+%
+% Local definition and setup:
+\DeclareTextCommand{\<}{LGR}{\accdasia}
+\DeclareTextCommand{\>}{LGR}{\accpsili}
+\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\>}{LGR}{'}{\accpsilioxia}
+\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\>}{LGR}{`}{\accpsilivaria}
+\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\>}{LGR}{~}{\accpsiliperispomeni}
+\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\<}{LGR}{'}{\accdasiaoxia}
+\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\<}{LGR}{`}{\accdasiavaria}
+\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\<}{LGR}{~}{\accdasiaperispomeni}
+
+
+% With XeTeX/LuaTeX, use Unicode for Latin script:
+\ifdefined\luatexversion \usepackage{fontspec}\else
+ \ifdefined\XeTeXrevision \usepackage{fontspec}\else
+ \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+ \fi
+\fi
+% This is experimental. The general advise is not to mix fontenc and fontspec.
+% One problem is that xunicode makes \nobreakspace font encoding specific
+% We provide a default:
+\DeclareTextCommandDefault{\nobreakspace}{\leavevmode\nobreak\ }
+
+% PDF hyperlinks:
+\usepackage[pdfencoding=auto]{hyperref}
+\usepackage{bookmark}
+\hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue,urlcolor=blue,pdfencoding=auto}
+
+% font encoding switch declarations:
+\newcommand{\LGR}{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont}
+\newcommand{\Latin}{\fontencoding{\encodingdefault}\selectfont}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{Test LGR font encoding definitions}
+\author{Günter Milde}
+% \date{}
+\maketitle
+
+The file lgrenc.def provides a comprehensive set of macros to typeset Greek
+with LGR encoded fonts. It works for both, monotonic and polytonic Greek,
+independent of the \emph{Babel} package.
+
+The example from \texttt{usage.tex} in \emph{babel-greek} input
+using the LICR macros:
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \LGR
+ \textTau\'\textiota{}
+ \textphi\'\texteta\textiota\textfinalsigma\texterotimatiko{}
+ \<\textIota\textdelta\`\textomega\textnu{}
+ \>\textepsilon\textnu\texttheta\'\textepsilon\textdelta\textepsilon{}
+ \textpi\textalpha\~\textiota\textdelta\'\'
+ \>\textepsilon\textlambda\textepsilon\textupsilon\texttheta\'\textepsilon\textrho\textalpha\textnu\\
+ \texttau\`\textalpha\textfinalsigma{}
+ \textpi\textlambda\texteta\textautosigma\'\textiota\textomicron\textnu{}
+ \textNu\'\textupsilon\textmu\textphi\textalpha\textfinalsigma{}
+ \textautosigma\texttau\textepsilon\textphi\textalpha\textnu\textomicron\~\textupsilon\textautosigma\textalpha\textnu{},
+ \textSigma\'\textomega\textautosigma\texttau\textrho\textalpha\texttau\textepsilon{},\\
+ \>\textepsilon\textrho\~\textomega\textnu{}
+ \'\textalpha\textpi\~\texteta\textlambda\texttheta\textepsilon\textfinalsigma{}
+ \textepsilon\>\textupsilon\texttheta\'\textupsilon\textfinalsigma\texterotimatiko{}
+
+\end{quote}
+
+\section{Symbols}
+
+See the source file \href{lgrenc-test.tex}{lgrenc-test.tex} for the macros
+used to access the symbols.
+
+\subsection{Generic text symbols}
+
+Latin:
++ - = < > -- --- \textbraceleft{} [ () ] \textbraceright{}
+%
+\textbackslash{}
+\textbar{}
+\textperthousand{}
+\textpertenthousand{}
+\textvisiblespace{}
+
+LGR:
+\LGR
++ - = \textless{} \textgreater{} -- ---
+\textbraceleft{} [ () ] \textbraceright{}
+%
+\textbackslash{} \textbar{}
+\textperthousand{}
+% \textpertenthousand{}
+\textvisiblespace{}
+\Latin (Per-mille symbol is missing in LGR.)
+
+Quotes:\footnote{%
+ Single quotes need special attention to prevent conversion to accents.
+ Test the input conventions:
+ \LGR \textquoteleft{}a\textquoteright{} ``a'' \``a\'' \`\`a\'\'
+ \Latin but not \LGR `a' 'e' "i"\Latin
+}
+%
+\Latin \guillemotleft{}a\guillemotright{}
+\LGR \guillemotleft{}a\guillemotright{},
+%
+\Latin \textquoteleft{}a\textquoteright{}
+\LGR \textquoteleft{}a\textquoteright{},
+%
+\Latin \textquotedblleft{}a\textquotedblright{}
+\LGR \textquotedblleft{}a\textquotedblright{}
+\Latin (double quotes wrong with Kerkis fonts)
+
+Single guillemots and base-quotes
+ (\guilsinglleft{}a\guilsinglright{}
+ \quotedblbase{}a\textquotedblright{}
+ \quotesinglbase{}a\textquoteright{})
+ are missing in LGR.
+
+Ligature break up: AY fi \LGR AU "i $\mapsto$
+\Latin A\textcompwordmark Y f\textcompwordmark i
+\LGR A\textcompwordmark U "\textcompwordmark i
+
+
+\Latin Spacing accent chars:
+%
+\Latin \textasciicircum a
+\LGR \textasciicircum a \textasciicircum i % using textsym glyph
+%
+\Latin \textasciitilde a
+\LGR \textasciitilde a \textasciitilde i
+%
+\Latin \textasciibreve a
+\LGR \textasciibreve a \textasciibreve i
+%
+\Latin \textasciimacron a
+\LGR \textasciimacron a \textasciimacron i
+%
+\Latin \textasciidieresis a
+\LGR \textasciidieresis a \textasciidieresis i
+%
+\Latin \textasciiacute a
+\LGR \textasciiacute a \textasciiacute i
+%
+\Latin \textasciigrave a
+\LGR \textasciigrave a \textasciigrave i
+
+\Latin Symbols for SI-units:
+\Latin 5\,\textmu{}m, 5\,k\textohm{};
+\LGR 5\,\textmu{}{\Latin m}, 5\,{\Latin k}\textohm
+\Latin ; but never italic: 5\,$\mu$m
+
+\Latin Letter schwa and Euro symbol: % \textschwa (needs e.g. T3)
+\LGR \textschwa{}, \texteuro{}
+\Latin
+
+Some symbol definitions expect a Latin font.\emph{ babel-greek} redefines
+them with \verb|\latintext|, however this macro is not guaranteed to be
+defined, so it should not be used in a font encoding definition file. The
+textcomp.sty package provides coyright, registered, and trademark symbols
+for use with any font encodings. (Like any other Latin character, the
+``sharp s'' (\ss) is not save to use when LGR is the active font encoding.)
+
+Latin:
+\textcopyright{}
+\textregistered{}
+\texttrademark{}
+\SS{} (uppercase of \ss).
+
+LGR (with textcomp):
+\LGR
+\textcopyright{}
+\textregistered{}
+\texttrademark{}
+\SS{} (\Latin uppercase of \LGR \ss).
+\Latin
+
+\subsection{Greek alphabet}
+
+Greek letters via Latin transcription and LICR macros:
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \LGR
+ \MakeUppercase{a b g d e z h j i k l m n x o p r s t u f q y w}
+
+ a b g d e z h j i k l m n x o p r sv t u f q y w
+
+ \textAlpha{} \textBeta{} \textGamma{} \textDelta{} \textEpsilon{}
+ \textZeta{} \textEta{} \textTheta{} \textIota{} \textKappa{}
+ \textLambda{} \textMu{} \textNu{} \textXi{} \textOmicron{} \textPi{}
+ \textRho{} \textSigma{} \textTau{} \textUpsilon{} \textPhi{}
+ \textChi{} \textPsi{} \textOmega{}
+
+ \textalpha{} \textbeta{} \textgamma{} \textdelta{} \textepsilon{}
+ \textzeta{} \texteta{} \texttheta{} \textiota{} \textkappa{}
+ \textlambda{} \textmu{} \textnu{} \textxi{} \textomicron{} \textpi{}
+ \textrho{} \textsigma{} \texttau{} \textupsilon{}
+ \textphi{} \textchi{} \textpsi{} \textomega{}
+\end{quote}
+
+The small sigma is set with a different glyph if it ends a word:
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \LGR \textsigma{} \Latin textsigma \\
+ \LGR \textfinalsigma{} \Latin textfinalsigma or textvarsigma
+\end{quote}
+
+In the Latin transcription, the letter `s' stands for \verb|\textautosigma|
+which automatically chooses the glyph according to the position.
+
+\subsection{Additional Greek symbols}
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \LGR \textkoppa{} \Latin textkoppa \\ % ϟ
+ \LGR \textqoppa{} \Latin textqoppa (archaic koppa) \\ % ϙ
+ \LGR \textQoppa{} \Latin textQoppa (archaic Koppa) \\ % Ϙ
+ \LGR \textstigma{} \Latin textstigma \\ % ϛ
+ \LGR \textvarstigma{} \Latin textvarstigma \\ % no separate Unicode character
+ \LGR \textStigma{} \Latin textStigma (Sigma-Tau-Ligature in CB-fonts)%
+ \footnote{the name ``stigma'' originally applied to a medieval sigma-tau
+ ligature, whose shape was confusingly similar to the cursive
+ digamma} \\ % Ϛ
+ \LGR \textsampi{} \Latin textsampi \\ % ϡ
+ \LGR \textSampi{} \Latin textSampi \\ % Ϡ
+ \LGR \textdigamma{} \Latin textdigamma \\ % ϝ (\digamma used by amsmath!)
+ \LGR \textDigamma{} \Latin textDigamma \\ % Ϝ
+ % numeral signs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_numerals
+ \LGR \textdexiakeraia{} \Latin textdexiakeraia | % ʹ
+ \LGR \textnumeralsigngreek{} \Latin textnumeralsigngreek (Dexia keraia)\\ % ʹ
+ \LGR \textaristerikeraia{} \Latin textaristerikeraia | % ͵
+ \LGR \textnumeralsignlowergreek{} \Latin textnumeralsignlowergreek
+ (Aristeri keraia)\\ % ͵
+\end{quote}
+
+\subsection{symbol variants}
+
+Mathematical notation distinguishes variant shapes for pi ($\pi|\varpi$),
+rho ($\rho|\varrho$), theta ($\theta|\vartheta$), beta, and kappa
+(characters for the latter two symbols are not included in TeX's math
+fonts). These variations have no syntactic meaning in Greek text and are not
+given code-points in the LGR encoding. Greek text fonts use the shape
+variants interchangeabely.
+
+\section{Diacritics}
+
+Capital Greek letters have Greek diacritics (except the dialytika and
+sub-iota) to the left (instead of above) and drop them if text is set in
+UPPERCASE. This is implemented for all combinations that are used in Greek
+texts (i.e. for which pre-composed Unicode character exist), but not for,
+e.g., \LGR\~W\Latin).
+
+% When a word is written entirely in capital letters, diacritics are
+% never used; the word Ἢ (or), is an exception to this rule because of
+% the need to distinguish it from the nominative feminine article Η.
+
+Different conventions exist for the treatment of the sub-iota with uppercase
+letters. The CB-Fonts use a capital Iota ``index'' (\LGR A|, H|, W|\Latin).
+
+LaTeX standard accents%
+\footnote{The ogonek (\emph{little hook}) accent \k{ } (\textbackslash k)
+is not defined in LGR.}
+(Latin, Greek, Greek Capitals $\mapsto$ UPPERCASE)
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \`{a} \'{a} \~{a} \"{a} \^{a} \={a} \H{a} \.{a} \r{a} \u{a} \v{a}
+ \b{a} \c{a} \d{a} \k{a}
+ $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+ \`{a} \'{a} \~{a} \"{a} \^{a} \={a} \H{a} \.{a} \r{a} \u{a} \v{a}
+ \b{a} \c{a} \d{a} \k{a}
+ }
+
+ \LGR
+ \`{a} \'{a} \~{a} \"{a} \^{a} \={a} \H{a} \.{a} \r{a} \u{a} \v{a}
+ \b{a} \c{a} \d{a}
+ $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+ \`{a} \'{a} \~{a} \"{a} \^{a} \={a} \H{a} \.{a} \r{a} \u{a} \v{a}
+ \b{a} \c{a} \d{a}
+ }
+
+ \`{A}\'{A}\~{A}\"{A} \^{A}\={A}\H{A}\.{A}\r{A}\u{A}\v{A}
+ \b{A} \c{A} \d{A}
+ $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+ \`{A}\'{A}\~{A}\"{A} \^{A}\={A}\H{A}\.{A}\r{A}\u{A}\v{A}
+ \b{A} \c{A} \d{A}
+ }
+\end{quote}
+
+Additional Greek diacritics
+(Greek, Greek Capitals%
+\footnote{The dialytika is not used on Initial letters.} % (\LGR \"'I \"`I \~"I)
+$\mapsto$ UPPERCASE)
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \LGR
+ \<{a} \>{e} \<\`{i} \'"i \`"i \~"i \`\>{h} \'<{o} \'>{o} \~\<{u} \~\>{w} a|
+ $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+ \<{a} \>{e} \<\`{i} \'"i \`"i \~"i \`\>{h} \'<{o} \'>{o} \~\<{u} \~\>{w} a|
+ }
+
+ \<{A} \>{E} \<\`{I} \`\>{H} \'<{O} \'>{O} \~\<{U} \~\>{W} A|
+ $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{%
+ \<{A} \>{E} \<\`{I} \`\>{H} \'<{O} \'>{O} \~\<{U} \~\>{W} A|
+ }
+\end{quote}
+
+\Latin Input variants and their conversion with MakeUppercase:%
+
+\begin{quote}
+\LGR
+
+\~>a \>\~a \~\>{a}, \~<a \<\~a \<~a \~\<a \~<a,
+\>\~{h} \~>h \>~h \>\~h \~>h \~>h|, \~<h \<\~h,
+\>\~i \~>i, \~<i \<\~i, \~"i \"\~i \"~i,\\
+\>\~u \~>u, \~<u \<\~u, \~"u \"\~u,
+\>w, \<w, \>\~w \~>w, \~<w \<\~w,
+a| a\ypogegrammeni{} A\ypogegrammeni{} A\prosgegrammeni{}.
+
+\MakeUppercase{
+\~>a \>\~a \~\>{a}, \~<a \<\~a \<~a \~\<a \~<a,
+\>\~{h} \~>h \>~h \>\~h \~>h \~>h|, \~<h \<\~h,
+\>\~i \~>i, \~<i \<\~i, \~"i \"\~i \\ % for \"~i, see below
+\>\~u \~>u, \~<u \<\~u, \~"u \"\~u,
+\>w, \<w, \>\~w \~>w, \~<w \<\~w,
+a| a\ypogegrammeni{} A\ypogegrammeni{} A\prosgegrammeni{}.
+}
+
+\<{\textalpha} \>{\textepsilon} \"'{\textiota} \`>\texteta{}
+\'<{\textomicron} \~<{\textupsilon} \~>{\textomega}
+\<{\textAlpha} \>{\textEpsilon} \"{\textIota} \`>\textEta{}
+\'<{\textOmicron} \~<{\textUpsilon} \~>{\textOmega}
+\\
+\MakeUppercase{%
+ \<{\textalpha} \>{\textepsilon} \"'{\textiota} \`\>\texteta{}
+ \'<{\textomicron} \~<{\textupsilon} \~>{\textomega}
+ \<{\textAlpha} \>{\textEpsilon} \"{\textIota} \`>\textEta{}
+ \'<{\textOmicron} \~<{\textUpsilon} \~>{\textOmega}
+}
+
+ \<'A \<\'A \'<A \'\<A $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\<'A \<\'A \'<A \'\<A}.
+
+\end{quote}
+
+The tilde character can be used in combined accents.
+However, in documents not defining the Babel language \emph{greek} or
+\emph{polutonikogreek}, better use the tilde-accent macro, as
+the tilde produces a no-break space if converted with \verb|\MakeUppercase|:
+\begin{quote}
+ combined accent with tilde character:
+ \LGR \"~i \<~i \"~u \<~u \`>u $\mapsto$
+ \LGR \MakeUppercase{\"~i \<~i \"~u \<~u \`>u}
+
+ \Latin combined accent with tilde-accent macro:
+ \LGR \"\~i \~"u $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\"\~i \~"u}
+\end{quote}
+
+\Latin
+Accents input via the Latin transliteration are not dropped with
+MakeUppercase, unless Babel is loaded and the current language is Greek
+(because the required local re-definitions of the \texttt{uccode} are done in
+\texttt{greek.ldf} from the \emph{babel-greek} package).
+
+\begin{quote} \LGR
+ 'a "i `a >a <a a| $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{'a "i `a >a <a a|}
+\end{quote}
+
+
+\Latin Accent macros can start with \verb|\a| instead of \verb|\| when the
+short form is redefined, e.\,g. inside a \emph{tabbing} environment.
+This also works for the locally defined Dasia and Psili shortcuts \verb|\<|
+and \verb|\>|:
+\begin{quote}
+ \begin{tabbing}
+ COL1\quad \= COL2\quad \= COL3\quad \= COL4\quad \\
+ COL1 \> \> COL3 \\
+ Viele \> Gr\a"u\ss e \> \LGR \a<\textalpha{} \> \LGR \a>\textomega
+ \end{tabbing}
+\end{quote}
+
+
+\Latin Combinations with named accents:
+\LGR \accdasia'a \accdasia`a \accdasia\~a.
+
+\Latin The dialytika must be kept in UPPERCASE, e.\,g.
+
+\begin{quote}
+ % from http://diacritics.typo.cz/index.php?id=70 μαΐστρος -> ΜΑΪΣΤΡΟΣ.
+ \LGR ma\"'istros $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ma\"'istros}
+ \Latin or % from teubner εὐζωΐα -> ΕΥΖΩΪΑ.
+ \LGR e\>uzw\'"ia $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{e\>uzw\'"ia}.
+\end{quote}
+
+This is implemented for all input variants of diacritics with
+dialytika:
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \LGR \"i \"'i \"`i \"\~i \"u \"'u \"`u \"\~u $\mapsto$
+ \MakeUppercase{\"i \"'i \"`i \"\~i \"u \"'u \"`u \"\~u},
+\end{quote}
+
+Tonos and dasia mark a \emph{hiatus} (break-up of a diphthong) if
+placed on the first vowel of a diphthong ({\LGR \'ai, \'au, \'ei}). A
+dialytika must be placed on the second vowel if they are dropped: \LGR
+(\MakeUppercase{\'ai, \'au, \'ei}).
+
+\begin{quote}
+ % from teubner: άυλος/ΑΫΛΟΣ
+ \'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'aulos},
+ \>'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>'aulos},
+ % from http://diacritics.typo.cz/index.php?id=69 μάινα -> ΜΑΪΝΑ
+ m\'aina $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{m\'aina},
+ % from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neugriechische_Orthographie#Das_Trema
+ % κέικ, ἀυπνία/αϋπνία
+ k\'eik, $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{k\'eik}
+ \>aupn\'ia $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>aupn\'ia}
+\end{quote}
+
+\newpage
+
+\Latin Test the auto-hiatus feature for side-effects:
+
+\LGR \MakeUppercase{\'a b} (\Latin must keep space after A).
+
+Kerning (see the input):
+\LGR
+\newcommand\md{\textcompwordmark}
+\newcommand\MU{\MakeUppercase}
+
+ \md \MU{ AO AY AI AU RA OA UA DU} [ \\
+\<\md \MU{ \<AO \<AY \<AI \<AU \<RA \<OA U\<A D\<U} [ \\
+\>\md \MU{ \>AO \>AY \>AI \>AU \>RA \>OA U\>A D\>U} [ \\
+\>'\md\MU{ \>'AO \>'AY \>'AI \>'AU \>'RA \>'OA U\>'A D\>'U} [ \\
+\'\md \MU{ \'AO \'AY \'AI \'AU \'RA \'OA U\'A D\'U} [ \\
+\>`\md\MU{ \>`AO \>`AY \>`AI \>`AU \>`RA \>`OA U\>`A D\>`U} [ \\
+\<'\md\MU{ \<'AO \<'AY \<'AI \<'AU \<'RA \<'OA U\<'A D\<'U} [ \\
+\`\md \MU{ \`AO \`AY \`AI \`AU \`RA \`OA U\`A D\`U} [ \\
+\<`\md\MU{ \<`AO \<`AY \<`AI \<`AU \<`RA \<`OA U\<`A D\<`U} [ \\
+\~\md \MU{ \~AO \~AY \~AI \~AU \~RA \~OA U\~A D\~U} [ \\
+\~>\md\MU{ \~>AO \~>AY \~>AI \~>AU \~>RA \~>OA U\~>A D\~>U} [ \\
+\~<\md\MU{ \~<AO \~<AY \~<AI \~<AU \~<RA \~<OA U\~<A D\~<U} [ \\
+\~<\md\MU{ \~<ao \~<ay \~<ai \~<au \~<ra \~<oa u\~<a d\~<u} [ \\
+\"\md \MU{ AO AY A\"I A\"U RA OA \"UA DU} [ \\
+\"\md \MU{ \"AO \"AY \"AI \"AU \"RA \"OA U\"A D\"U} [ \\
+\"~\md\MU{ \~"AO \~"AY \~"AI \~"AU \~"RA \~"OA U\~"A D\~"U} [ \\
+
+
+\Latin
+Rows 3 \ldots 7: Look-ahead (to check for a hiatus) breaks kerning before A
+with Tonos or Psili.
+
+% \'AA \'AB \'AG \'AD \'AE \'AZ \'AH \'AJ \'AI \'AK \'AL \'AM \'AN \'AX
+% \'AO \'AP \'AR \'AS \'AC \'AT \'AU \'AF \'AQ \'AY \'AW
+
+Rows 15 and 16: Like in any font encoding, there is no kerning for
+non-defined accent-letter-combinations (dialytica on \LGR A O D\Latin).
+
+\Latin
+
+Downcasing should keep diacritics (of course, it cannot regenerate
+``manually" dropped ones):
+\LGR 'A \"I \"U \~<A $\mapsto$ \MakeLowercase{\'A \"I \"U \~<A}
+
+% \Latin Comprehensive error message for missing symbol variants:
+% \LGR \textbeta\textbetasymbol
+% \texttheta\textthetasymbol
+% \Latin
+
+\end{document}