diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'graphics/pgf/contrib/pgf-periodictable/manualfiles/pgf-PeriodicTableManual_Examples.tex')
-rw-r--r-- | graphics/pgf/contrib/pgf-periodictable/manualfiles/pgf-PeriodicTableManual_Examples.tex | 193 |
1 files changed, 193 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/graphics/pgf/contrib/pgf-periodictable/manualfiles/pgf-PeriodicTableManual_Examples.tex b/graphics/pgf/contrib/pgf-periodictable/manualfiles/pgf-PeriodicTableManual_Examples.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8aa670a6f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/graphics/pgf/contrib/pgf-periodictable/manualfiles/pgf-PeriodicTableManual_Examples.tex @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +The following examples could be used for students or for any other purposes. +\\ [10pt]\pgfPTMbuildcell(8,3)[(1;1.4-2.8;Z),(1;3;radio),(2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name), % +(5.4;1-3;Ar),(6.5;1-3;eDist),(7.55-8.95;1-2.25;DiscC),(7.55-8.95;2.25-3.8;DiscY)% +]% +\pgfPTbuildcell(8,3)[% +(1;1.4-2.8;Z),(1;3;radio),% +(2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name),% +(5.4;1-3;Ar),(6.5;1-3;eDist),% +(7.55-8.95;1-2.25;DiscC),% +(7.55-8.95;2.25-3.8;DiscY)% +]% +\\ [-4pt]\pgfPTMmacrobox{pgfPT}[]% +\\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT}}% +\vfill%\\ [10pt] +\pgfPTMmacrobox{pgfPT}[eDist color=blue!70!black,Ar precision=2,DiscC font=\string\fontsize{4}{4}\string\selectfont,DiscY font=\string\fontsize{4}{4}\string\selectfont\string\bfseries] +\\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT[eDist color=blue!70!black,Ar precision=2,DiscC font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont,DiscY font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont\bfseries]}}% +\newpage% +\pgfPTMbuildcell(8,3)[(1;1-2;Z),(1;3;radio),(2-3;1-3;CS),(4;1-3;name),(5;1-2.5;Ar),(5;2.5-3;spectra), % +(7;1-2.5;DiscY),(7;2.5-3;DiscC),(8;1-3;eDist)% +]% +\pgfPTbuildcell(8,3)[% +(1;1-2;Z),(1;3;radio),% +(2-3;1-3;CS),(4;1-3;name),% +(5;1-2.5;Ar),(5;2.5-3;spectra),% +(7;1-2.5;DiscY),(7;2.5-3;DiscC),% +(8;1-3;eDist)% +]% +\\ [-4pt]\pgfPTMmacrobox{pgfPT}[csPS,Ar label=w,background={left color=black!20}]% +\\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT[csPS,Ar label=w,background={left color=black!20}]}}% +\vfill% +\pgfPTMbuildcell(8,3)[(1;1-3;Z),(1;3;radio),(2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name),(5.4;1-3;Ar), % +(6.5;1-3;eConfignl),(7.55-8.95;1-2.45;DiscC),(7.55-8.95;2.45-3;DiscY)% +]% +\pgfPTbuildcell(8,3)[% +(1;1-3;Z),(1;3;radio),% +(2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name),% +(5.4;1-3;Ar),% +(6.5;1-3;eConfignl),% +(7.55-8.95;1-2.45;DiscC),% +(7.55-8.95;2.45-3;DiscY)% +]% +\\ [-4pt]\pgfPTMmacrobox{pgfPT}[eConfignl color=blue!70!black,Ar precision=2,DiscC font=\string\fontsize{4}{4}\string\selectfont,DiscY font=\string\fontsize{4}{4}\string\selectfont\string\bfseries]% +\\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT[eConfignl color=blue!70!black,Ar precision=2,DiscC font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont,DiscY font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont\bfseries]}}% +\newpage\ % +\vfill% +\pgfPTbuildcell(8,3)[% +(1;1-3;Z),(1;3;radio),% +(2-3;1.5-3.5;CS),(4.2;1-3;name),% +(5.4;1-3;Ar),% +(6.5;1-3;eDist),% +(7.55-8.95;1-2.45;DiscC),% +(7.55-8.95;2.45-3;DiscY)% +]% +\pgfdeclarelayer{back}\pgfsetlayers{back,main} +\def\grupo[#1][#2] #3{% +\begin{tikzpicture}[inner xsep=0pt] +\node[below left,text width=1.75cm,text centered] (figura) at (0,0) % +{\scalebox{.5}{\pgfPT[show title=false,show label LaAc=true,show legend=false,back color scheme=MNM,% + font=Roboto-TLF,CS font=\fontfamily{RobotoSlab-TLF}\bfseries\large,eDist color=blue!70!black,% + DiscC font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont,DiscY font=\fontsize{4}{4}\selectfont\bfseries,% + name font=\fontseries{l}\fontsize{6pt}{6pt}\selectfont,name color=red!50!black,% + Ar precision=2,Z list=G#2]}};% +\node[right,text width={\linewidth-2.25cm}] (descricao) at (figura.east) {#1\\ [4pt]#3}; +\draw[draw=none,left color=black!20,right color=black!60] (figura.north west) rectangle ++(\linewidth,2pt); +\draw[draw=none,left color=black!20,right color=black!60] (figura.south west) rectangle ++(\linewidth,-2pt); +\begin{pgfonlayer}{back} +\draw[draw=none,left color=black!20,right color=black!60,opacity=.25] (figura.north west) rectangle ([xshift=\linewidth]figura.south west); +\end{pgfonlayer} +\end{tikzpicture} +}% +\tcexemplo[Representative elements: element families]{% +For the \textbf{\textit{representative elements}} (groups \textbf{1}, \textbf{2} and \textbf{13} to \textbf{18}) it is common to speak of families that reflect their common characteristics. So we have \textbf{the families}: +\\ [10pt]\grupo[GROUP \textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{1}}: \textbf{Alkali metals}][1*] +{\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium}.}% +\\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have} only \textbf{\textcolor{blue!50!black}{one} valence electron}.% +\vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} +\item They react violently with water to form hydroxides.% +\item They have a silver-gray color, with the exception of cesium, which has a golden hue.% +\end{itemlist} +}% +\\ \grupo[GROUP \textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{2}}: \textbf{Alkaline earth metals}][2] +{\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium}.}% +\\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{two} valence electrons}.% +\vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} +\item Their oxides remain solid at high temperatures and form alkaline solutions.% +\item They react violently with water to form hydroxides.% +\item When they burn, they have reddish flames, excluding barium, which presents a greenish flame.% +\end{itemlist} +}% +\\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{3}}: \textbf{\textit{Boron} group}][13] +{\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium and nihonium}.}% +\\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{three} valence electrons}.% +\vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} +\item Boron is a metalloid and the other are metals.% +\item Boron, aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium are often used as p-type silicon dopants.% +\item Aluminium is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust (7.4\%)% +\end{itemlist} +}% +\\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{4}}: \textbf{\textit{Carbon} group}][14] +{\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead and flerovium}.}% +\\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{four} valence electrons}.% +\vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} +\item Carbon is a non-metal, silicon and germanium are metalloids, and tin and lead are metals.% +\item Silicon and germanium are used in semiconductors.% +\end{itemlist} +}% +\\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{5}}: \textbf{Pnictogens}][15] +{\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and moscovium}.}% +\\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{five} valence electrons}.% +\vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} +\item Nitrogen and phosphorus are non-metals, arsenic and antimony are metalloids and bismuth is a metal.% +\item Phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth are often used as n-type silicon dopants.% +\item Diatomic nitrogen is the main constituent of the Earth's atmosphere (78\%).% +\end{itemlist} +}% +\\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{6}}: \textbf{Chalcogens}][16] +{\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium and livermorium}.}% +\\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{six} valence electrons}.% +\vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} +\item Oxygen, sulfur and selenium are non-metals, tellurium is a metalloid and polonium is a metal.% +\item Diatomic oxygen is the second constituent of the Earth's atmosphere (21\%).% +\end{itemlist} +}% +\\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{7}}: \textbf{Halogens}][17] +{\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine and tennessine}.}% +\\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements \textbf{have \textcolor{blue!50!black}{seven} valence electrons}.% +\vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} +\item They are extremely reactive elements, as they are very electronegative.% +\item Fluorine is able to \textit{attack} inert substances, including the heavier noble gas atoms.% +\end{itemlist} +}% +\\ \grupo[GROUP 1\textcolor{blue!50!black}{\textbf{8}}: \textbf{Noble gases}][18] +{\red{\raisebox{1.25pt}{$\boldsymbol{\blacktriangleright}$} \textit{helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon and oganesson}.}% +\\ [4.5pt]The atoms of these elements have the valence shell fully filled, which corresponds to \textbf{\textcolor{blue!50!black}{eight} valence electrons}, with the exception Helium, which has only one shell and, consequently, has \textbf{two valence electrons}. +\vspace{4.5pt}\small\begin{itemlist} +\item They are extremely inert elements, that is, they do not react with other elements, as they are the most stable elements in Nature.% +\end{itemlist} +}% +}% +\vfill% +\blue{\textit{For the source of this example please see the file} pgf-PeriodicTableManual\_Examples.tex} +\vfill% +\newpage +\mymfbox{% +\textbf{\underline{EXERCISE}:} +\\ [3pt]In the following scheme of the Periodic Table, the positions of some chemical elements are represented by letters: +\\ [3pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\textit{\scriptsize\blue{THE LETTERS DO NOT CORRESPOND TO THE CHEMICAL SYMBOLS OF THE ELEMENTS.}}} +\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\pgfPT[Z exercise list={1,2,3,4,9,12,17,18,19,20,25,27,32,34,35,49,54,74,86,87},Z list=spd,%s + cell size=1.5em,ex={c=blue,f=\bfseries}]} +\\ [6pt]\textbf{Using the letters shown}: +\begin{enumerate} +\item identify group 2 elements of the Periodic Table.%: \hrulefill +\item identify the elements of the 2\raisebox{3pt}{\scriptsize nd} period of the Periodic Table.%: \hrulefill +\item identify group 17 elements of the Periodic Table.%: \hrulefill +\item identify the elements of block s.%: \hrulefill +\item identify the elements of block p.%: \hrulefill +\item identify the elements of block d.%: \hrulefill +\item identify the metallic elements.%: \hrulefill +\item identify the non-metallic elements.%: \hrulefill +\item identify the transition metals.%: \hrulefill +\item identify the alkaline earth metals.%: \hrulefill +\item identify the noble gases.%: \hrulefill +\item tell which element belongs, simultaneously, to the 4\raisebox{3pt}{\scriptsize th} period and to group 14.%\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill} +\item identify the representative elements that tend to generate positive ions.%:\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill} +\item indicate an element that forms binegative ions.%: \hrulefill +\item indicate the halogen whose mononegative ion has the largest radius.%: \hrulefill +\item write the chemical formula of the compound formed by the elements \textbf{\blue{F}} and \textbf{\blue{O}}.%\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill} +\item identify, justifying, the element with the largest atomic radius.%:\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill}\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill} +\item identify, justifying, the element with the lowest 1\raisebox{3pt}{\scriptsize st} ionization \mbox{energy}.%:\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{\hrulefill}\\ [6pt]\makebox[\linewidth][s]{ \hrulefill} +\end{enumerate} +}% +\vfill% +\blue{\textit{For the source of this example please see the file} pgf-PeriodicTableManual\_Examples.tex} +\vfill% +\newpage +\def\xbox{\tikz[baseline=(x.base)]{\node[text width=15pt,text centered,font=\Large,draw,thick,rounded corners=.5pt,inner sep=0pt] (x) {\vbox to 15pt{\vfil\color{gray}x\vfil}};}}% +\def\obox{\tikz[baseline=(x.base)]{\node[text width=15pt,text centered,draw,thick,rounded corners=.5pt,inner sep=0pt] (x) {\vbox to 15pt{\vfil\color{gray}$\bigcirc$\vfil}};}}% +\def\dbox{\tikz[baseline=(x.base)]{\node[text width=15pt,text centered,font=\Large,draw,thick,rounded corners=.5pt,inner sep=0pt] (x) {\vbox to 15pt{\vfil\color{gray}$\Delta$\vfil}};}}% +\mymfbox{% +\textbf{\underline{EXERCISE}:} +\\ [3pt]Using the following notation, +\begin{itemize} +\item[\xbox] for the elements in the gaseous state (NTP), +\item[\obox] for the elements in the liquid state (NTP) and +\item[\dbox] for the synthetic elements, +\end{itemize} +fill in the following Periodic Table: +\\ [10pt]\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scalebox{.6}{\pgfPT[only cells]}} +} +\vspace{15pt}% +\blue{\textit{For the source of this example please see the file} pgf-PeriodicTableManual\_Examples.tex}% +\endinput |