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+%
+% ************ tb26haralambous.tex
+\input tugboat.sty
+
+%\input mssymb
+\font\cyr=mcyr10
+%\input cyracc.def
+
+\input rgreekmacros
+\newcount\m \newcount\n \newcount\p \newdimen\dim
+\chardef\other=12
+\def\oct#1{\hbox{\tenrm\'{}\kern-.2em\tenit#1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
+\def\hex#1{\hbox{\tenrm\H{}\tentt#1}} % hexadecimal constant
+\def\setdigs#1"#2{\gdef\h{#2}% \h=hex prefix; \0\1=corresponding octal
+ \m=\n \divide\m by 64 \xdef\0{\the\m}%
+ \multiply\m by-64 \advance\m by\n \divide\m by 8 \xdef\1{\the\m}}
+\def\testrow{\setbox0=\hbox{\penalty 1\def\\{\char"\h}%
+ \\0\\1\\2\\3\\4\\5\\6\\7\\8\\9\\A\\B\\C\\D\\E\\F%
+ \global\p=\lastpenalty}} % \p=1 if none of the characters exist
+\def\oddline{\cr
+ \noalign{\nointerlineskip}
+ \multispan{19}\hrulefill&
+ \setbox0=\hbox{\lower 2.3pt\hbox{\hex{\h x}}}\smash{\box0}\cr
+ \noalign{\nointerlineskip}}
+\newif\ifskipping
+\def\evenline{\loop\skippingfalse
+ \ifnum\n<128 \m=\n \divide\m 16 \chardef\next=\m
+ \expandafter\setdigs\meaning\next \testrow
+ \ifnum\p=1 \skippingtrue \fi\fi
+ \ifskipping \global\advance\n 16 \repeat
+ \ifnum\n=128 \let\next=\endchart\else\let\next=\morechart\fi
+ \next}
+\def\morechart{\cr\noalign{\hrule}
+ \chartline \oddline \m=\1 \advance\m 1 \xdef\1{\the\m}
+ \chartline \evenline}
+\def\chartline{&\oct{\0\1x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&}
+\def\chartstrut{\lower4.5pt\vbox to14pt{}}
+\def\table{$$\global\n=0
+ \halign to\hsize\bgroup
+ \chartstrut##\tabskip0pt plus10pt&
+ &\hfil##\hfil&\vrule##\cr
+ \lower6.5pt\null
+ &&&\oct0&&\oct1&&\oct2&&\oct3&&\oct4&&\oct5&&\oct6&&\oct7&\evenline}
+\def\endchart{\cr\noalign{\hrule}
+ \raise11.5pt\null&&&\hex 8&&\hex 9&&\hex A&&\hex B&
+ &\hex C&&\hex D&&\hex E&&\hex F&\cr\egroup$$\par}
+\def\:{\setbox0=\hbox{\char\n}%
+ \ifdim\ht0>7.5pt\reposition
+ \else\ifdim\dp0>2.5pt\reposition\fi\fi
+ \box0\global\advance\n 1 }
+\def\reposition{\setbox0=\vbox{\kern2pt\box0}\dim=\dp0
+ \advance\dim 2pt \dp0=\dim}
+\def\centerlargechars{
+ \def\reposition{\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter{\kern2pt\box0\kern2pt}$}}}
+\greekdelims
+\font\ninergr=rgrrg10 scaled 900
+
+\TBremark{Pick up fonts for Imagen. Make fonts for APS}
+
+\def\blash{\math\backslash\math}
+\let\bs=\blash
+\def\begineight{\smallskip\bgroup\eightpoint}
+\def\endeight{\par\egroup\smallskip}
+%\font\smallrg=rgrrg8 % commented out by rw
+\def\QED.{\math\square\mah}
+\def\O#1{\hbox{\rm\char'23\kern-.2em\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
+\def\refersto#1{\math{}^#1\math}
+\def\referred#1{\par\hang\noindent#1.} % overwritten below
+\newdimen\thehangindent
+\setbox0=\hbox{0. }
+\thehangindent=\wd0
+\def\referred#1{\par\hangindent\thehangindent\noindent
+ \hbox to \thehangindent{\hss#1.\ }\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\infoot{\baselineskip9.4pt\eightrm}
+\def\@{@}
+%\def\.#1{{\def\\{\backslash}\tentex#1}} % commented out by rfw
+\font\qq=cmssqi8
+\def\mottoline#1{{\rightline{\qq #1}}}
+\def\htb{\hskip2pt\relax}
+\def\frak{\fam\euffam}
+%\def\cyr{\cyracc\tencyr}
+
+% ***********************************************************************
+
+\title * Typesetting Modern Greek with\\ 128 Character Codes \\ version 1.1*
+
+\author * Yannis Haralambous *
+\address * U.F.R. de Math\'ematiques\\
+ Universit\'e de Lille--Flandres--Artois\\
+ 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France *
+\netaddress[\network{Bitnet}] * yannis@frcitl81 *
+
+\author * Klaus Thull *
+\address * Freie Universit\"at Berlin *
+\netaddress[\network{Usenet}] * thull@fubinf.uucp *
+\TBremark{Check Thull's network address; gateway didn't like "unido".}
+\TBremark{this one generally works--kt}
+
+\article
+
+{\baselineskip11.3pt
+\mottoline{``Ved dette v\ae ret,}
+\mottoline{n\aa r det regner}
+\mottoline{s\aa\ sn\o r det''}
+\smallskip
+\mottoline{--- Fr\o ydis Frosk}
+}
+
+\vskip8pt\noindent
+In european scripts where diacritical marks are common,
+there are (at least) two reasons to avoid \TeX's accent mechanism
+in favor of many accented characters.
+
+One is the possible misplacement of accents by |dvitype|'s rounding
+algorithm;\TBremark{dvitype or a driver?}
+\TBremark{really dvitype--kt}
+the second is lack or invalidity of hyphenation. For
+example, large portions of german text may be unhyphenatable, and,
+given the german inclination to long words, may not be in shape to be
+typeset at all. Thus, in Europe, the obvious thing to do is: let
+$\MF$\ put the accents onto the letters, then access these characters
+via \TeX's ligature mechanism.
+
+Accordingly, the greek fonts created by Silvio Levy\refersto1 have
+256 characters each, and are a fine tool to typeset greek texts,
+ancient as well as modern, except those containing the most recent
+unique accent ``$\monotoniko '{}$'' (see below). But alas, there is
+the commercial world, whose device drivers just cannot do 256-code
+fonts (even |.pxl|-fonts were seen on the ``Big-Tech'' sales
+exhibition in West Berlin last winter). The free drivers are in
+better shape generally, but often the commercial ones cannot be
+disposed of in a hurry. So we decided to reduce these fonts to 128
+characters. We kept only the ones strictly necessary for writing
+modern greek without misusing the |\accent| primitive. At the same
+time, we constructed some new fonts, which we describe below.
+
+\head * The Reduced Greek Fonts *
+
+In modern post-war greek, the use of the grave accent ``$\grave{}$''
+($bare'ia$) progressively faded, so that only two accents and the
+breathings were left (this was the kind of greek the first author
+learned at school). So the first reduction we did on Levy's fonts was
+to omit all grave accents. Secondly, we made $s$ a free character
+again, so that in the transliteration one has to type |s| for $s$,
+and |c| for $c$. Thirdly, we omitted the iota subscribed letters.
+All these, however, can still be accessed by macros if so wished.
+
+Let's recall now the procedure, most of which is due to Levy: to
+typeset greek, you get into ``Greek mode'' by typing |\begingreek|.
+Similarly, you get out by typing |\endgreek|, but if you have to do
+this often, it is better to type |\greekdelims| at the beginning of
+your file. In that case |$| is used to enter and leave greekmode, and
+|\math| takes the former meaning of |$| (do not forget to type
+``{\tt\bs\SP}''). The transliteration code is the following:
+\display
+\tabskip1.1pt
+\hbox{\valign
+{\hbox to
+8pt{\null\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 8pt{\null\hfil\strut\tt#\hfil}\cr
+a&a\cr b&b\cr g&g\cr d&d\cr e&e\cr z&z\cr h&h\cr j&j\cr
+i&i\cr k&k\cr l&l\cr m&m\cr n&n\cr x&x\cr o&o\cr p&p\cr
+r&r\cr s&s\cr c&c\cr t&t\cr u&u\cr f&f\cr q&q\cr y&y\cr w&w\cr}}
+\enddisplay
+To get an acute ($>oxe'ia$), or circumflex ($perispwm'enh$) accent you
+type |'|~(single quote), or |~|~(tilde) resp.\ in front of the vowel.
+To get a rough ($dase'ia$) or smooth ($yil'h$) breathing you type |<|
+or |>|, resp., in front of the vowel or the accent, if there is one.
+A diaeresis ($dialutik'a$) is represented by |"|~(double quote), and
+for a diaeresis with acute accent, just type |"'|~(double quote,
+single quote). To get a vowel with a iota subscript
+($<upogegramm'enh$) you have to use the macro |\I{...}|.
+
+If you need one of the omitted accents or combination of accents,
+you can get it by a macro:
+for example
+\list[\unitemized]
+$\grave{e}$ by |\grave{e}|,
+$\breve{a}$ by |\breve{a}|,
+$\macron{h}$ by |\macron{h}|,
+$\roughgrave{i}$ by |\roughgrave{i}|,
+$\smoothgrave{o}$ by |\smoothgrave{o}|,
+$\diaeresisgrave{w}$ by |\diaeresisgrave{w}|,
+$\diaeresiscircumflex{u}$ by |\diaeresiscircumflex{u}|,
+$\rhorough$ by |\rhorough|, and
+$\rhosmooth$ by |\rhosmooth|.
+\endlist
+
+Finally, you have access to the following punctuation marks:
+\display
+\hbox{\tabskip1.5pt
+\valign
+{\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\tt#\hfil}\cr
+.&.\cr ,&,\cr ;&;\cr :&:\cr !&!\cr ?&?\cr ''&''\cr ((&((\cr
+))&))\cr
+}}
+\enddisplay
+as well as the ten digits, parentheses, hyphen, en-dash, slash,
+percent sign, asterisk, plus and equal signs.
+
+\head * Some New Fonts *
+
+To write mathematics in greek one also needs slanted letters (for
+statements of theorems, according to |amsppt| style) and small
+capital letters (for titles and references). We have constructed
+these fonts, in the same reduced way, so that, together with the
+reduced Levy fonts, we obtain a complete family of greek fonts,
+namely regular, boldface, slanted, and small caps. We have called
+these fonts |rgrrg|, |rgrbf|, |rgrsl|, |rgrsc|. Inside of greek mode
+you just write |\bf|, |\sl|, |\smc| as usual and |\rg| (instead of
+|\rm|) to get the regular gree font.
+
+Here is an example of an alleged mathematical text, complete with
+translation:
+$
+\proclaim \smc {1.1.4.} Jewrhma.
+Gi'a k'aje jetik'o >ak'eraio
+\math n\math,
+<up'arqei m'ia tri'ada m'h mhdenik~wn >akera'iwn \math(x,y,z)\math, t'etoia
+<~wste\math\math x^n+y^n=z^n.\math\math
+
+\noindent{\smc Apodeixh tou 1.1.4.} Gi'a \math n=2\math, ft'anei n'a p'aroume
+\math x=3,y=4,z=5\math. Gi'a \math n\gt 2\math,
+>af'hnoume t'hn >ap'odeixh st'on >anagn'wsth s'an >'askhsh.
+{\bf <'o.>'e.d.}
+$
+
+\proclaim \smc {1.1.4.} Theorem.
+For each positive integer \math n\math,
+there exists a triple of non-zero integers \math (x,y,z)\math\ such that
+\math\math x^n+y^n=z^n.\math\math
+
+\noindent{\smc Proof of 1.1.4.} For \math n=2\math, we find
+\math x=3,y=4,z=5\math. For \math n\gt 2\math, the proof
+left to the reader as an exercise. {\bf q.e.d.}
+
+\head * Fonts for one-accent greek *
+
+Some years after the re-establishment of democracy in Greece in 1974,
+a new system of accentuation has been introduced, omitting completely
+breathings and subscript iota, and simplifying the two remaining
+accents into one ``universal accent,'' $\monotoniko ' \polutoniko
+(tonik'o shme~io).$ This system is currently taught at school and it
+seems that any official document (including written examinations in
+some high schools) written in the old fashion multi-accent system is
+considered invalid (!).
+
+So we thought that perhaps people would like to write in the old
+system and have a font to print the same text in fully official
+one-accent greek. We created fonts analogous to the reduced regular,
+boldface, and slanted which we have denoted by the prefix ``|m|''
+(for $monotonik'o$): |mrgrrg|, |mrgrbf|, |mrgrsl|. Note that the
+small capitals font |rgrsc| doesn't have any accents at all, and so
+may be used in any accent system.
+
+These new fonts are designed to work with the same input as the old
+accent system. The printed text will follow the current
+grammar\refersto2 (at least concerning the accent), with one
+exception: monosyllables (like articles, prepositions and other
+auxiliary words) don't take any accent at all. To solve this problem
+we are working at a Pascal word processor program, based on Fred
+M.~Liang's packed trie device, which will, once given the list of the
+accented monosyllables, recognize them, and replace them by
+non-accented words. According to the dictionary of
+H.~Mihiotis\refersto3, there are 284 such words, to which we ust
+add many new and foreign words.
+
+Of course, you can write your text in one-accent greek right away
+(unfortunately there is no ``magic'' macro to transform it back into
+multi-accent greek~\dots). With these new fonts you will get a nice
+symmetric ``universal'' accent instead of an acute or a circumflex.
+
+To write in one-accent greek you get into ``Greek one-accent mode'',
+by typing |\beginmgreek|. If you are in greek multi-accent mode
+already, you must use the macro |\monotoniko|. There is also the
+converse macro |\polutoniko|. So if you want to obtain
+\display\vbox{$
+\centerline{\monotoniko O Hr'akleitoc 'elege \polutoniko
+((t\grave{a} p'anta \rhorough e~i))}
+\centerline{\monotoniko kai e'iqe d'ikio! \dots}
+$}\enddisplay
+you type
+\verbatim
+\beginmgreek O Hr'akleitoc 'elege
+\polutoniko
+ ((t\grave{a} p'anta \rhorough e~i))
+\monotoniko
+ kai e'iqe d'ikio!...\endgreek
+\endverbatim
+
+\head * The Greek Numeral Symbols *
+
+The so-called Ionian\refersto4 system of numeration (\math{\sim}\math
+fifth century {\smc bc}) consisted of the following numerals:
+\display
+\hbox{\valign
+{\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr
+A&1\cr B&2\cr G&3\cr D&4\cr E&5\cr {\Digamma}&6\cr Z&7\cr H&8\cr J&9\cr}}
+\enddisplay
+\display
+\hbox{\valign
+{\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr
+I&{10}\cr K&{20}\cr L&{30}\cr M&{40}\cr N&{50}\cr X&{60}\cr
+O&{70}\cr P&{80}\cr {\Qoppa}&{90}\cr}}
+\enddisplay
+\display
+\hbox{\valign
+{\hbox to 20pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&\hbox to 20pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr
+R&{100}\cr S&{200}\cr T&{300}\cr U&{400}\cr F&{500}\cr Q&{600}\cr Y&{700}\cr
+W&{800}\cr {\Sanpi}&{900}\cr}}
+\enddisplay
+
+The letters $\Digamma, \Qoppa, \Sanpi$ are called digamma, qoppa,
+sanpi. They belong to an older alphabet. Later on, as lowercase
+letters were introduced and as the need for higher numbers grew, the
+numerals became:
+\display
+\hbox{\tabskip1pt
+\valign
+{\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#\overstroke$\hfil}&
+ \hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr
+a&1\cr b&2\cr g&3\cr d&4\cr e&5\cr {\digamma}&6\cr z&7\cr h&8\cr
+j&9\cr}}
+\enddisplay
+\display
+\hbox{\tabskip1pt
+\valign
+{\hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut$#\overstroke$\hfil}&
+ \hbox to 15pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr
+i&{10}\cr k&{20}\cr l&{30}\cr m&{40}\cr n&{50}\cr x&{60}\cr
+o&{70}\cr p&{80}\cr {\qoppa}&{90}\cr}}
+\enddisplay
+\display
+\hbox{\tabskip1pt
+\valign
+{\hbox to 20pt{\hfil\strut$#\overstroke$\hfil}&
+ \hbox to 20pt{\hfil\strut\rm#\hfil}\cr
+r&{100}\cr s&{200}\cr t&{300}\cr u&{400}\cr f&{500}\cr q&{600}\cr y&{700}\cr
+w&{800}\cr {\sanpi}&{900}\cr}}
+\enddisplay
+\display
+\hbox{\tabskip2.5pt\valign
+{\hbox to 30pt{\hfil\strut$\understroke#$\hfil}&
+ \hbox to 30pt{\hfil\strut\rm#000\hfil}\cr
+a&1\cr b&2\cr g&3\cr d&4\cr e&5\cr {\digamma}&6\cr z&7\cr}}
+\enddisplay
+\display
+\hbox{\valign
+{\hbox to 30pt{\hfil\strut$#$\hfil}&
+ \hbox to 30pt{\hfil\strut\rm#000\hfil}\cr
+h&8\cr j&9\cr M&{10}\cr}}
+\enddisplay
+So, for example, the date {\sl February 16th, 1989} would be written
+$i\digamma\overstroke\ Febrouar'iou \understroke a\sanpi pj$ and the
+following equality holds:
+$
+\display\vbox{
+\centerline{sz\overstroke\math{} + {}\math ypj\overstroke\ =
+ \sanpi\qoppa\digamma\hskip1pt\overstroke.}
+}
+\enddisplay
+$
+
+Notice that there is no zero. Zero is, and has always been, the
+cardinal of the empty set which in Ancient Greece was not considered
+an entity in its own right.
+
+To express numbers greater than 10,000 there were many ways. One of
+them was to use 10,000 as a base: thus, for example, 67,536,753
+(\math {}= 6753 \mathbin\cdot 10,000 + 6753\math) was written
+$M\understroke\digamma yng\math\cdot\math \understroke\digamma yng$.
+
+\medskip
+\noindent{\smc Exercise}:
+ {\sl If $-gwno$ means ``-gon'', which of the following
+polygons can by constructed by rule and compasses?}\par
+\smallskip
+$\centerline{iz\overstroke -gwno, l\digamma\overstroke -gwno, \understroke
+dtxj-gwno,}
+\centerline{\understroke akd-gwno, Me\overstroke\math\cdot\math\understroke
+eflz-gwno, \sanpi\qoppa\digamma\overstroke-gwno.}$
+\medskip
+
+Let's return now to \TeX: you can obtain these symbols by the following
+macros:
+|\digamma| for
+$\digamma$,
+|\vardigamma| for
+$\vardigamma$,
+|\Digamma| for
+$\Digamma$,
+|\qoppa| for
+$\qoppa$,
+|\Qoppa| for
+$\Qoppa$,
+|\sanpi| for
+$\sanpi$, and
+|\Sanpi| for
+$\Sanpi$.
+To get the tick marks which distinguish units and thousands, you can
+use |\overstroke| after the numeral, or |\understroke| in front of
+the numeral.
+
+\head * Symbols for cypriotic greek *
+
+The official language of Cyprus is greek. It is also the language
+used in the mass-media and at school. But the language actually
+spoken is a dialect, derived from byzantine greek (and as it seems,
+far more faithful to ancient greek than the one spoken
+in Greece). Some literature has been written in the dialect, and
+since there are phonemes not available in the greek alphabet,
+cypriotic writers use several conventions of new symbols to express
+them.
+
+In the convention we followed,\refersto5 the symbols $\ssh$, $\SSH$
+stand for the sound ``sh'' (like ``shower'' in english, or ``{\cyr
+shashka}'' in russian), $\dz$, $\DZ$ stand for ``j'' (like ``jazz''
+in english or ``{\cyr dzhungli}'' in russian), $\psh$, $\PSH$ stand
+for a $y$ followed by a $\ssh$ (like ``{\cyr pshenitza}'' in russian)
+and $\ksh$, $\KSH$ stand for a $k$ followed by a $\ssh$ (like in
+hindi ``k\d setriya'').
+
+You can get these symbols by the macros |\ssh|, |\SSH|, |\dz|, |\DZ|,
+|\psh|, |\PSH|, |\ksh|, |\KSH|. Here is an example of a small text
+using these symbols:
+\smallskip
+$
+\ninergr
+\frenchspacing
+\parindent0pt
+\advance\baselineskip1.0pt
+\tolerance=5000
+\obeylines
+Dki'alexec to'uc xer'orotsouc, dentr'on mou, n'a riz'wseic,
+n'a f'aeic t'hn zwo'ullan sou, pott'e s>'on j'a sterk'wseic.
+T\dz i >'en kane~i p>'on''xerokagi'ac t\dz i >'en >'e\ssh ei st'axhn %
+q~wma
+n'a \ssh\ssh iepasto~un o<i r'izec sou, plast~hkan t\dz i >'all''>a\-k'o\-ma.
+O<i spalajki'ec t\dz a'i o<i bati'ec p~asin n'a s'e tul'ixoun,
+>epki'asan se po'u t'on laim'on, sf'iggoun se n'a s'e pn'i\-xoun.
+T\dz i >'an pp'esei mi'a sta\ksh i'a ner'on, >enn'a t'hn p'innoun >'alloi
+t\dz i >enn'a skent\dz 'ereic t\dz eiaqama'i, <'enan xerodroump'a\-lin.
+>'Ejja xort'wseic n'a \ssh\ssh iaste~ic pott'e to~u <'hliou >amm'a\-ti,
+giat''>enn'a s'e qaski'azousin o<i spalajki'ec t\dz i o<i b'atoi.
+T\dz i >eso'unh, kakor'izikon, >enn'a doule'ukeic gr'onouc
+t\dz a'i n'a gure'ukeic ''pospa\ssh i'an po'u to'uc kako'uc geit'o\-nouc.
+T\dz i o<i k'opoi e>ic t''>an'ajjeman. M'agkoumou m'en prok'a\-meic\dots
+t\dz i >eso'unh t'o qa"'irin mou, ftwq'on mou, >'enna k'ameic.
+$
+\rightline{\sevenrm From Ilias Georgiou's ``Geloklaman"}
+
+\smallskip
+
+\head * On hyphenation *
+
+There is still no greek hyphenation list, so one has to use
+hyphenation from other languages. We have compared on an ordinary
+text, the standard english (Liang), the german (Schwarz) and
+portuguese (Rezende)\refersto6 hyphenation patterns. The results
+were surprising: on 267 possible hyphens, these three patterns missed
+199 (!!), 141 and 149 resp, found 46, 115, 111 correct ones and 22,
+11, 7 bad ones (the portuguese mistakes were less embarrassing than
+the german ones). So, for a temporary substitute, we would choose
+either the german or the portuguese patterns.
+
+And since you will be forced to make corrections by hand, here are the
+complete actual rules of greek hyphenation:
+
+{\sl Let \math c_1,c_2,\dots,c_n\math\ be consonants \math (n\geq2)\math\
+and \math v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4\math\ vowels. Then we have}
+\list[\parindent0pt\leftskip0pt\sl][\def\tagform#1{{\smc #1\enspace}}]
+
+\item[\tag{Rule 1.}] The combination \math v_1c_1v_2\math\ is
+separated as \math v_1-c_1v_2\math\ {\rm(ex. $pa-ra-ka-l~w$)}
+
+\item[\tag{Rule 2.}] The combination \math v_1c_1\dots c_nv_2\math\
+is separated as \math v_1-c_1\dots c_nv_2\math\ {\bf if }there
+is a greek word starting with \math c_1c_2\math\ $(l'a-sph,
+ko-fte-r'oc),$ {\bf else }\math v_1c_1-c_2\dots c_nv_2\math\
+$(j'ar-roc, >eq-jr'oc)$
+
+\item[\tag{Rule 3.}] The combinations of vowels \math v_1v_2,
+v_1v_2v_3\math\ or \math v_1v_2v_3v_4\math\ are not to be separated
+if they are pronounced as one phoneme $(>ah-d'o-ni$ but
+$>a-'ht-th-toc$, $pi'o$ but $p'u-o).$
+\endlist
+
+S.~Levy made in his fonts separate characters of all possible accented
+letters, to prevent problems of hyphenation (\TeX\ doesn't yet
+hyphenate words with accents). The only exceptions he made, were the
+two combinations $ \roughgrave{}, \smoothgrave{}$ which occur only on
+monosyllables.
+
+In our case, to be able to reduce the fonts, we were forced to make
+accents also of $\char\rq134$, $\char\rq100$, $"{}$, $"'{}$, $\I{}$
+(and macros of $\grave{}$, $\smoothgrave{}$, $\roughgrave{}$,
+$\breve{}$, $\macron{}$, $\diaeresisgrave{}$,
+$\diaeresiscircumflex{}$, $\rhorough$, $\rhosmooth$ as already
+mentioned). This of course adds problems to hyphenation.
+Nevertheless, $\char\rq134$, $\char\rq100$ occur on one- and
+2-syllable words only, $"{}$, $"'{}$ occur rarely and $\I{}$ depends
+on the kind of language one is writing (to find it, you have to go
+back to older versions of $kajare'uousa$ as for example in the
+following lovely text:
+
+\medskip
+
+{\tolerance=5000
+$ \advance\baselineskip1pt >En\I{~w} <esp'eran tin\grave{a}
+>exantl'hsac t\grave{a} murol'ogi'a tou >ekoim~ato <o Froum'entioc
+>ep\grave{i} t~hc >'ammou t~hc paral'iac, katab\grave{a}c >ex
+o>uran~wn <o >ap'ostoloc >eke~inoc t~wn Sa\-x'o\-nwn >'hnoixe
+di\grave{a} maqa'irac t\grave{a} st'hjh to~u koimwm'enou, e>is'hgage
+to\grave{u}c <iero\grave{u}c dakt'ulouc tou e>ic \def\hhh{\grave{h}}
+t\hhh n >op\hhh n ka\grave{i} >exag\grave{w}n t\hhh n kard'ian
+>eb'ujisen a>ut'hn e>ic l'akkon pl'hrh <'udatoc, <'oper <hg'iasen
+prohgoum'enwc. <H fl'egousa >eke'inh kard'ia >'efrixen e>ic
+t\grave{o} <'udwr <wc smar\grave{i}c
+\def\ooo{\grave{o}}%
+\def\aaa{\grave{a}}%
+\def\uuu{\grave{u}}%
+\def\iii{\grave{i}}%
+>ent\ooo c to~u thgan'iou, >afo~u d\grave{e} >ekr'uwsen,
+>'ejese p'alin a>ut\hhh n <o <'agioc e>ic t\ooo n t'opon thc ka\iii\
+kle'isac t\hhh n plhg\hhh n >ep'estreyen e>ic t\ooo n >idik'on tou.
+
+>'Etuq'e pote, >anagn~wst'a mou, n\aaa\ >apokoimhj\I{~h}c m\grave{e}
+>anup'oforon b~hqa, koim'wmenoc n\aaa\ <idr'ws\I{h}c ka\iii\ >exu\-pn'h\-sac
+n\aaa\ e<urej\I{~h}c >iatreum'enoc? >Agno~wn <'oti e>~isai kal\aaa\
+>ano'igeic mhqanik~wc t\ooo\ st'oma, <'ina plh\-r'w\-s\I{h}c e>ic t\ooo n
+>epikat'araton b~hqa t\ooo n sun'hjh f'oron. >All\aaa\ p'oshn a>isj'anesai
+qar'an, m\hhh\ e<ur'iskwn e>ic t\ooo n l'a\-rugga t\ooo\ >oqlhr\ooo n
+jhr'ion! O<'utw <'ama >'hnoixe ka\iii\ <o Frou\-m'entioc to\uuu c
+>ofjalmo'uc, <htoim'asjh n\aaa\ prosf'e\-r\I{h} e>ic t\hhh n >aq'a\-riston
+>Iw'annan t\hhh n sun'hjh dakr'uwn spo\-nd'hn, >all\aaa\ par\aaa\ p~asan
+prosdok'ian o<i >ofjalmo'i tou e<u\-r'e\-jhsan xhro\iii\ ka\iii\ n\aaa\
+progeumat'is\I{h} m~allon \smoothgrave{h} n\aaa\ kla'us\I{h}
+\I{>h}sj'a\-ne\-to >'orexin met\aaa\ polu'hmeron nhste'i\-an <o kal\ooo c
+Be\-ne\-de\-kt~i\-noc.
+$
+}
+
+\rightline{\sevenrm From Emmanouil~Ro\"\i dis' ``The Popess Johanna (1866)''}
+\medskip
+
+Note that in one-accent greek, all accented letters are represented
+by separate characters in the code table, so that no hyphenation
+problem arises.
+
+$
+\gdef\tttt{
+Kaj'otan mprost'a thc ka'i t'hn k'uttaze. Noi'w\-jo\-ntac mi'a >ap'eranth
+ e>uqar'isthsh n'a t'hn bl'epei >'etsi mprost'a tou ka'i <'ena >ap'eranto
+ >ani\-ka\-no\-po'i\-h\-to po'u d'en mpo\-ro~u\-se n'a t'hn
+ tra\-b'h\-xei st'hn >agka\-li'a tou ka'i n'a t'hn fi\-l'h\-sei
+ >eke~i st'on laim'o
+ po'u t'hn e>~iqe fi\-l'h\-sei t'hn m'ia ka'i mo\-na\-di\-k'h
+ for'a ka'i e>~iqe
+ noi'w\-sei m'esa tou t'hn pi'o >'omor\-fh stig\-m'h to~u ka\-lo\-kai\-rio~u
+ ki <'oti
+ t'o ka\-lo\-ka'i\-ri a>u\-t'o, ft'a\-no\-ntac st'o >apo\-ko\-r'u\-fw\-m'a
+ tou, e>~iqe ki'o\-lac pe\-r'a\-sei. >All'a d'en e>~iqe >ak'oma
+ pe\-r'a\-sei tele'iwc, giat'i >eke'inh bris\-k'o\-tan t'wra mpro\-st'a
+ tou. Ka'i d'en mpo\-ro~u\-se n'a k'anei t'i\-po\-ta.
+}
+$
+
+
+\head * Samples, Tables, and Remarks *
+
+\head * The font {\tt rgrrg10} *
+$\tttt$
+
+\head * The font {\tt rgrbf10} *
+$\bf\tttt$
+
+\head * The font {\tt rgrsl10} *
+$\sl\tttt$
+
+\figure[\top]
+\raggedcenter
+Layout for fonts |rgrrg|, |rgrbf|, |rgrsl|
+$\table$
+\endfigure
+
+$\monotoniko
+\gdef\ttttt
+{
+Kaj'otan mprost'a thc kai thn k'uttaze. Noi'w\-jo\-ntac mia >ap'eranth
+ e>uqar'isthsh na thn bl'epei >'etsi mprost'a tou kai <'ena >ap'eranto
+ >ani\-ka\-no\-po'i\-h\-to pou den mpo\-ro~u\-se na thn
+ tra\-b'h\-xei sthn >agka\-li'a tou kai na thn fi\-l'h\-sei
+ >eke~i ston laim'o
+ pou thn e>~iqe fi\-l'h\-sei thn m'ia kai mo\-na\-di\-k'h
+ for'a kai e>~iqe
+ noi'w\-sei m'esa tou thn pio >'omor\-fh stig\-m'h tou ka\-lo\-kai\-rio~u
+ ki <'oti
+ to ka\-lo\-ka'i\-ri a>u\-t'o, ft'a\-no\-ntac sto >apo\-ko\-r'u\-fw\-m'a
+ tou, e>~iqe ki'o\-lac pe\-r'a\-sei. >All'a den e>~iqe >ak'oma
+ pe\-r'a\-sei tele'iwc, giat'i >eke'inh bris\-k'o\-tan t'wra mpro\-st'a
+ tou. Kai den mpo\-ro~u\-se na k'anei t'i\-po\-ta.
+}
+$
+
+
+\figure[\bot]
+\raggedcenter
+Layout for fonts |mrgrrg|, |mrgrbf|, |mrgrsl|
+$\monotoniko\table$
+\endfigure
+
+\head * The font {\tt mrgrrg10} *
+$\monotoniko\ttttt$
+
+\head * The font {\tt mrgrbf10} *
+$\monotoniko\bf\ttttt$
+
+\head * The font {\tt mrgrsl10} *
+$\monotoniko\sl\ttttt$
+
+
+\figure[\top]
+\raggedcenter
+Layout for font |rgrsc|
+$\smc\table$
+\endfigure
+
+
+We conclude with the following remark: people writing french, czech,
+turkish or other languages with many diacritical marks complain that
+there is no space left in Computer Modern to incorporate
+already-accented letters. The solution (in the case of French) that
+D\'esarm\'enien\refersto7 proposed, was to replace greek uppercase
+letters by the french \'e, \`e, \^ e, \^ o, \^\i, \^ a, \^ u, \`a,
+\`u. But then the question is: where to put the greek uppercase
+letters, which are necessary for mathematical formulas. We answer: if
+you have the greek |rgr| family of fonts, you already have all kinds
+of greek uppercase letters. Just take them from there! Of course,
+math families must be restructured in that case since math family~7
+cannot be used for those letters anymore. As Gariepy\refersto8
+pointed out already, the inconvenience with this solution is that for
+every language with accents you will need another |cm| family of
+fonts. That's why we still believe that the best once and for all
+solution would be to be able to work with fonts of 256 characters.
+
+
+\head * Improvements and changes -- version 1.1 (as of March 4, 1990) *
+
+(by the first author)\medskip
+
+\noindent An hyphenation list has been added.
+Greek grammar has changed very often in
+the last 20 years, mainly because greek is a very manifold language (some
+people find it {\it chaotic}, I find it {\it beautiful\/}). I followed the
+hyphenation rules of \refersto2\ as presented in section ``On hyphenation''
+of this paper. These rules
+are very simple and hold as well for the multi-accent as for the one-accent
+system. I found exactly 1168 patterns; many of them came simply from the
+following fact: since |'|,|~|,|>|,|<| are of category 11 during hyphenation,
+|<'o-so| could occur. This leaves $<'o$ alone, which is rather ugly.
+
+Italics fonts (|rgrti| and |mrgrti|) have been added.
+Since in the |cm| family,
+|cmti| has almost the same lowercase letters as |cmmi| and the same uppercase
+ones as |cmsl|, I tried to do the same. Some changes were necessary: 1) the
+handwritten modern greek alpha looks more like {\it a} and 2) tau's stem has a
+hook. There is still some kerning to do. I call this version {\it
+``experimental''}. Maybe in some later (1.2?) version there will be an entirely
+new italics font.
+
+In the |rgrsc| font (as you can see in the table) the symbols $\rhorough,
+\rhosmooth, \Digamma$ and $\vardigamma$ exist now in all styles: regular,
+slanted, italic and boldface. \TeX\ will know which one to choose, depending on
+the font you are using (inside |greekmode|). If you add some new style (for
+example typewriter or sans-serif) 1) please let me know, 2) add these four
+letters in |rgrsc|, 3) add the information in |greekmacros.tex|.
+
+There is |\smallDigamma| for the small capital digamma $\smallDigamma$. Some
+people still persist in calling it {\it ``ef''}. Also there are two new
+symbols:
+
+1) following an advice of my father, I added a variation $\varqoppa$
+of lowercase qoppa. This symbol is used in our days for the numeral 90 (the
+current year is $\understroke a\sanpi\varqoppa$). The macro for $\varqoppa$ is
+|\varqoppa|.
+
+2) a funny ``upside-down'' iota with circumflex $\inviota$ (the macro is
+|\inviota|). This symbol was used in the last century for the sound of $i$ in
+$gi'a$ (cf. ``$pi'o$'' in hyphenation {\smc rule 3}). Here is an example
+of such a text, taken from a 1907 edition\refersto9:
+
+\let\w=\grave
+$
+{\ninergr
+\frenchspacing
+\parindent0pt
+\advance\baselineskip1.0pt
+\tolerance=5000
+\obeylines
+Kair\w oc f'ernei t\w a l'aqana, kair\w oc t\w a parapo'ul\inviota a,
+M\w e t\w on kair\w o ka\w i t\w o dendr\w i k'anei karp\w o ka\w i f'ulla.
+>'A"inte, >or'e, m\inviota\w a kopan\inviota\w a s>'an n>~atan qulop'hta,
+N\w a ''p\inviota\I{~h}c t\w hn Gk'olfw j'arreuec?
+D\w en e>~in'' mall\inviota\w a t\w a g'ene\inviota a.
+J'el''<h >ag'ap'' >apomon\w h ki''>ahto~u grhgorws'unh.
+J'elei lago~u pat'hmata, >allo\inviota ~wc <uge\inviota\w a s''>af'inei.
+X'ereic t'i magar'oplash po~u e>~inai \I{<h} guna~ikec?
+$
+\rightline{\sevenrm From Spyridon Peresiadis's ``I Golfo"}
+}
+
+\smallskip
+
+Finally I inserted the logos $\grMF$ and $\MF$ in the |rgrsc| font (the macros
+are |\grMF| and the usual |\MF|). There is still no PASCAL word processor
+program to detect monosyllabes, volunteers are welcome. This upgrading has been
+done on a Macintosh SE/30 using Andrew Trevorrow's Oz\TeX\ and Victor
+Ostromoukhov's Mac$\MF$.
+
+
+\setbox0=\hbox{22. }
+\thehangindent=\wd0
+\def\referred#1{\par\hangindent\thehangindent\noindent
+ \hbox to \thehangindent{\hss#1.\ }\ignorespaces}
+\raggedright
+
+\head * References *
+
+\referred1 {\smc S.Levi}: Using Greek Fonts with \TeX, {\sl TUGboat},
+{\bf 9} (1988) 20--24
+%\referred2 $\monotoniko {\smc M.Triantafullidh:} Grammatik'h
+\referred2 $\monotoniko {\smc M.Triantafullidh:}
+{\rg Neoellhnik'h Grammatik'h, }
+{\sl Organism'oc 'Ek\-do\-shc Sqolik'wn Bibl'iwn},
+Aj'hna 1982$
+\referred3 {$\smc Q.Mhqiwth:$} $Ne'wtaton Lexik'on t~hc Neoellhnik~hc Gl'wsshc,
+{\sl >Ek\-d'o\-seic Kastal'ia}, >Aj~hnai 1972$
+\referred4 {\smc C.B.Boyer}: A History of Mathematics, {J.\ Wiley \&
+Sons,} New~York 1968
+\referred5 ${\smc H.Gewrgiou:} Gel'oklam'an, {\sl Seir'a Kupriak~hc
+La"ik~hc Po'ihshc <Upourge'iou paide'iac\/} {\bf 4}, Leukws'ia 1980$
+\referred6 {\smc Unix} \TeX\ distribution tape, Seattle 1988
+\referred7 {\smc J.D\'esarm\'enien:} How to run \TeX\ in a French
+environment: hyphenation, fonts, typography, {\sl TUGboat}, {\bf 5} (1984)
+91--102
+\referred8 {\smc A.Gariepy:} French in \TeX, {\sl TUGboat}, {\bf 9}
+(1988) 65--69
+\referred9 {$\smc S.Peresiadhc:$} $<H Gk'olfw. Dr'ama e>idulliak\w on e>ic
+pr'axeic p'ente, {\sl >Ekdotik\w oc O>~ikoc Gewrg'iou F'exh,} >Aj~hnai 1907$
+
+
+\makesignature
+\endarticle
+
+% version 19.6.1989
+
+\hbox{Yannis Haralambous}
+\hbox{Universit\'e de Lille--Flandres--Artois}
+\smallskip
+\hbox{Klaus Thull}
+\hbox{Freie Universit\"at Berlin}
+-------
+