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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.6, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
+<title>A DVI-to-PNG translator</title>
+
+<meta name="description" content="A DVI-to-PNG translator">
+<meta name="keywords" content="A DVI-to-PNG translator">
+<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
+<meta name="distribution" content="global">
+<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
+<link href="#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
+<link href="#Index" rel="index" title="Index">
+<link href="#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
+<link href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml" rel="up" title="(dir)">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
+blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
+div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
+kbd {font-style: oblique}
+pre.display {font-family: inherit}
+pre.format {font-family: inherit}
+pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
+pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
+span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
+span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal}
+span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
+ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
+-->
+</style>
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body lang="en">
+<h1 class="settitle" align="center">A DVI-to-PNG translator</h1>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<span id="SEC_Contents"></span>
+<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
+
+<div class="contents">
+
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Introduction-1" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Installation-1" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Prerequisites-1" href="#Prerequisites">2.1 Prerequisites</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Configure-1" href="#Configure">2.2 Configure</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Build_002finstall-1" href="#Build_002finstall">2.3 Build/install</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree-1" href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree">2.4 Installation outside the texmf tree</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Installation-for-non_002dprivileged-users" href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users">2.5 Installation for non-privileged users</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Basic-usage-of-dvipng" href="#Basic-usage">3 Basic usage of dvipng</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Command_002dline-options-1" href="#Command_002dline-options">4 Command-line options</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Option-summary-1" href="#Option-summary">4.1 Option summary</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Option-details-1" href="#Option-details">4.2 Option details</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Graphics-1" href="#Graphics">5 Graphics</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Encapsulated-PostScript-1" href="#Encapsulated-PostScript">5.1 Encapsulated PostScript</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Bitmapped-graphics-1" href="#Bitmapped-graphics">5.2 Bitmapped graphics</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Raw-PostScript-1" href="#Raw-PostScript">5.3 Raw PostScript</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-1" href="#Color">6 Color</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-specifications-1" href="#Color-specifications">6.1 Color specifications</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Color-specials-1" href="#Color-specials">6.2 Color specials</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Diagnosing-problems-1" href="#Diagnosing-problems">7 Diagnosing problems</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Contact-information-1" href="#Contact-information">7.1 Contact information</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Debug-options-1" href="#Debug-options">7.2 Debug options</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Credits-1" href="#Credits">8 Credits</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Copying-1" href="#Copying">9 Copying</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Index-1" href="#Index">Index</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<span id="Top"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="dvipng"></span><h1 class="top">dvipng</h1>
+
+<p>This manual documents dvipng, a program to translate a DVI (DeVice
+Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics).
+</p>
+<p>This file documents dvipng version 1.16
+</p>
+<p>Corrections or perhaps rewrites of sections are <em>very welcome</em>.
+</p>
+<p>Jan-&Aring;ke Larsson
+</p>
+
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="1">Introduction</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Introduction
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Installation" accesskey="2">Installation</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How to compile and install dvipng
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="3">Basic usage</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">First things first
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="4">Command-line options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Advanced usage
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="5">Graphics</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Including PostScript and/or bitmaps
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color" accesskey="6">Color</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Using color with dvipng
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="7">Diagnosing problems</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Problems?
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Credits" accesskey="8">Credits</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">People who have contributed
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Copying" accesskey="9">Copying</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">GNU Lesser General Public License
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Index">Index</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">General index
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Introduction"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Introduction-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<p>This program makes PNG and/or GIF graphics from DVI files as obtained
+from TeX and its relatives.
+</p>
+<p>If GIF support is enabled, GIF output is chosen by using the
+&lsquo;<samp>dvigif</samp>&rsquo; binary or with the &lsquo;<samp>--gif</samp>&rsquo; option.
+</p>
+
+<p>It is intended to produce anti-aliased screen-resolution images as fast
+as is possible. The target audience is people who need to generate and
+regenerate many images again and again. The primary target is the
+preview-latex (X)Emacs package, a package to preview formulas from
+within (X)Emacs. Yes, you get to see your formulas in the (X)Emacs
+buffer, see <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex.html">http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex.html</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Another example is WeBWorK, an internet-based method for delivering
+homework problems to students over the internet, giving students
+instant feedback as to whether or not their answers are correct, see
+<a href="http://webwork.math.rochester.edu">http://webwork.math.rochester.edu</a>.
+</p>
+<p>A more recent addition to the dvipng-using applications out there is
+MediaWiki, the software behind Wikipedia and many other wikis out
+there. Dvipng is used to render mathematical formulae from version
+1.8.0 of MediaWiki, see <a href="http://www.mediawiki.org">http://www.mediawiki.org</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Other applications may also benefit, like web applications as latex2html
+and WYSIWYG editors like LyX.
+</p>
+
+<p>The benefits of &lsquo;<samp>dvipng</samp>&rsquo;/&lsquo;<samp>dvigif</samp>&rsquo; include
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li> Speed. It is a very fast bitmap-rendering code for DVI files, which
+makes it suitable for generating large amounts of images on-the-fly,
+as needed in preview-latex, WeBWorK and others.
+
+</li><li> It does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX
+finishes. There is a &lsquo;<samp>--follow</samp>&rsquo; switch that makes dvipng wait at
+end-of-file for further output, unless it finds the POST marker that
+indicates the end of the DVI.
+
+</li><li> Interactive query of options. dvipng can read options interactively
+through stdin, and all options are usable. It is even possible to change
+the input file through this interface.
+
+</li><li> Supports PK, VF, PostScript Type1, and TrueType fonts, subfonts (i.e.,
+as used in CJK-LaTeX), color specials, and inclusion of PostScript,
+PNG, JPEG or GIF images.
+
+</li><li> and more...
+
+</li></ul>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Installation"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="n" rel="next">Basic usage</a>, Previous: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Installation-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2>
+
+<span id="index-configuration_002c-of-dvipng"></span>
+<span id="index-compilation"></span>
+<span id="index-installation_002c-of-dvipng"></span>
+
+
+
+<p>Installing dvipng should be simple: merely <code>./configure</code>,
+<code>make</code>, and <code>make install</code>.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Prerequisites" accesskey="1">Prerequisites</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Configure" accesskey="2">Configure</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Build_002finstall" accesskey="3">Build/install</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree" accesskey="4">Installation outside the texmf tree</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users" accesskey="5">Advice for non-privileged users</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Prerequisites"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Configure" accesskey="n" rel="next">Configure</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Prerequisites-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.1 Prerequisites</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li> The GD Graphics Draw library, libgd
+
+<p>The drawing library &lsquo;<samp>libgd</samp>&rsquo; is necessary, and is downloadable at
+<a href="https://bitbucket.org/libgd/gd-libgd/downloads">https://bitbucket.org/libgd/gd-libgd/downloads</a>, and there are
+binary packages for most operating systems from their respective
+distributors. In any case, the library installs using &lsquo;<samp>autoconf</samp>&rsquo; so
+it should not be difficult for you to install it from source, and then
+proceed with installing dvipng.
+</p>
+</li><li> The path-searching library kpathsea
+
+<p>Kpathsea is most likely included in your LaTeX installation, but it
+may happen that ./configure does not find it; see below. If you do not
+have it, download it from <a href="http://www.ctan.org">http://www.ctan.org</a> and compile it.
+I have no experience with this, so I cannot help much here.
+</p>
+</li><li> The font-rendering library FreeType 2
+
+<p>While not strictly necessary, a recent FreeType 2 is recommended since
+dvipng currently will produce better-quality images when this library is
+available. To take advantage of this, you should have at least FreeType
+2.1.9.
+</p>
+<p>FreeType 2 will enable direct support for PostScript and TrueType fonts,
+so that dvipng will not need to generate bitmapped variants on disk of
+the TeX fonts since modern TeX distributions include PostScript
+versions of them. Then, you can render images at different (and unusual)
+resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts.
+</p>
+<p>Finally, it will enable subfont support in dvipng. That is, if you want
+to render CJK-LaTeX characters, you must have FreeType 2 installed.
+</p>
+</li><li> libpng and libz
+
+<p>To be able to compress and write PNG files to disk, dvipng (or really
+libgd) uses libpng which in turn uses libz. These should be available on
+any modern system, if not, download them and install them.
+</p>
+</li><li> The <code>texinfo</code> package
+
+<p>This is needed for building the documentation.
+</p></li></ul>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Configure"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Build_002finstall" accesskey="n" rel="next">Build/install</a>, Previous: <a href="#Prerequisites" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Prerequisites</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Configure-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.2 Configure</h3>
+
+<p>The first step is to configure the source code, telling it where
+various files will be. To do so, run
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">./configure <var>options</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(Note: if you have fetched dvipng from CVS rather than a regular
+release, you will have to first generate <samp>./configure</samp> by running
+<code>autoconf</code> 2.53 or later.)
+</p>
+<p>On many machines, you will not need to specify any options, but if
+<code>configure</code> cannot determine something on its own, you&rsquo;ll need to
+help it out. For a list of the options type
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">./configure --help
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>On some machines, the libraries will be installed in directories that
+are not in the linker&rsquo;s search path. This will generate an error when
+running <samp>./configure</samp>, indicating that it cannot find libgd or
+libkpathsea (most likely). You then need to specify the path to the
+respective library&rsquo;s object files. They are typically called e.g.,
+<samp>libgd.a</samp> or <samp>libgd.so</samp>. If they are located in e.g.,
+<samp>/sw/local/lib</samp>, do
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">./configure LDFLAGS=-L/sw/local/lib
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If the library is available as a shared object file (<samp>.so</samp>), the
+runtime linker may also need to be told where to find the library,
+then use
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">./configure LDFLAGS='-L/sw/local/lib -R/sw/local/lib'
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>When either of these is necessary, it is likely that the C header
+files are also installed in directories that are not in the C
+preprocessor&rsquo;s search path. This will also generate an error when
+running <samp>./configure</samp>, indicating that it cannot find e.g.,
+<samp>gd.h</samp> or <samp>kpathsea.h</samp> (most likely). You then need to
+specify the path to the respective library&rsquo;s C header files. If they
+are located in e.g., <samp>/sw/local/include</samp>, do
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">./configure CPPFLAGS=-I/sw/local/include
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>On my SUN Solaris workstation, I had to combine this into
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">./configure CPPFLAGS='-I/sw/local/include -I/sw/tex/teTeX/1.0/include'\
+ LDFLAGS='-L/sw/local/lib -R/sw/local/lib -L/sw/tex/teTeX/1.0/lib/'
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where the backslash denotes a continuation of the line.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Build_002finstall"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>, Previous: <a href="#Configure" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Configure</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Build_002finstall-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.3 Build/install</h3>
+
+<p>Once <samp>configure</samp> has been run, simply enter
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">make
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>at the prompt to compile the C code, and build the documentation files.
+To install the files into the locations chosen earlier, type
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">make install
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>You may need special privileges to install, e.g., if you are installing
+into system directories.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users" accesskey="n" rel="next">Advice for non-privileged users</a>, Previous: <a href="#Build_002finstall" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Build/install</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.4 Installation outside the texmf tree</h3>
+
+<p>In some cases, a dvipng binary installed outside the texmf tree will
+not be able to find virtual fonts, or the PostScript font maps
+(normally used by dvips). This may be because <em>only</em>
+$SELFAUTOLOC, $SELFAUTODIR, and $SELFAUTOPARENT are used in the texmf
+tree configuration file &lsquo;<samp>texmf.cnf</samp>&rsquo;. If so, give the switch
+&lsquo;<samp>--enable-selfauto-set</samp>&rsquo; to &lsquo;<samp>./configure</samp>&rsquo;. This will make
+dvipng adjust these three internally so that kpathsea thinks that
+dvipng <em>is</em> installed in the texmf tree.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>, Up: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Installation</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Installation-for-non_002dprivileged-users"></span><h3 class="section">2.5 Installation for non-privileged users</h3>
+
+<p>Often people without system administration privileges want to install
+software for their private use. In that case you need to specify more
+options to the <samp>configure</samp> script, usually this is done by using
+the &lsquo;<samp>--prefix</samp>&rsquo; option to the <samp>configure</samp> script, and let it
+point to the personal home directory. In that way, resulting binaries
+will be installed under the <samp>bin</samp> subdirectory of your home
+directory, manual pages under <samp>man</samp> and so on. That way, it is
+reasonably easy to maintain a bunch of additional packages, since the
+prefix argument is supported by most <samp>configure</samp> scripts.
+</p>
+<p>You&rsquo;ll have to add something like <samp>/home/myself/bin</samp> to your
+<code>PATH</code> shell variable, if it isn&rsquo;t there already, and similarly
+set the <code>INFOPATH</code> and <code>MANPATH</code> variables to be able to
+access the documentation.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Basic-usage"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command-line options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Basic-usage-of-dvipng"></span><h2 class="chapter">3 Basic usage of dvipng</h2>
+
+<span id="index-invoking-dvipng"></span>
+
+<p>To use dvipng at its simplest, simply type
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">dvipng foo
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <samp>foo.dvi</samp> is the output of TeX that you want to convert to
+PNG format. If there are four pages in <samp>foo.dvi</samp>, those pages will
+be output as <samp>foo1.png</samp>, <samp>foo2.png</samp>, <samp>foo3.png</samp>, and
+<samp>foo4.png</samp>, respectively.
+</p>
+<p>If you have enabled the PostScript font support (via FreeType),
+fonts will be rendered as they are needed. Otherwise, dvipng will use
+bitmapped (PK) fonts, and if you use PK fonts that have not been used on
+your system before, they may be automatically generated; this process
+can take a few minutes, so progress reports appear by default. The next
+time the same font is used, it will have been saved on disk, so
+rendering will go much faster. (If dvipng tries to endlessly generate
+the same fonts over and over again, something is wrong. See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to
+generate fonts</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.)
+</p>
+<p>Many options are available (see the next section). For a brief summary
+of available options, just type
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">dvipng --help
+</pre></div>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Command_002dline-options"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Graphics</a>, Previous: <a href="#Basic-usage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Basic usage</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Command_002dline-options-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">4 Command-line options</h2>
+
+<span id="index-command_002dline-options"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-dvipng"></span>
+
+<p>dvipng has a plethora of command line options. Reading through this
+section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Option-summary" accesskey="1">Option summary</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Quick listing, from dvipng &ndash;help.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Option-details" accesskey="2">Option details</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">More information about each option.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Option-summary"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Option-details" accesskey="n" rel="next">Option details</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Option-summary-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.1 Option summary</h3>
+
+<span id="index-options_002c-summary"></span>
+<p>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
+dvipng with no arguments or with the standard &lsquo;<samp>--help</samp>&rsquo; option.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">This is ./dvipng 1.16 Copyright 2002-2015, 2019 Jan-Ake Larsson
+
+Usage: ./dvipng [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi]
+Options are chosen to be similar to dvips' options where possible:
+ -d # Debug (# is the debug bitmap, 1 if not given)
+ -D # Output resolution
+ -l # Last page to be output
+ -o f Output file, '%d' is pagenumber
+ -O c Image offset
+ -p # First page to be output
+ -pp #,#.. Page list to be output
+ -q* Quiet operation
+ -T c Image size (also accepts '-T bbox' and '-T tight')
+ -v* Verbose operation
+ - Interactive query of options
+
+These do not correspond to dvips options:
+ -bd # Transparent border width in dots
+ -bd s Transparent border fallback color (TeX-style color)
+ -bg s Background color (TeX-style color or 'Transparent')
+ --depth* Output the image depth on stdout
+ --dvinum* Use TeX page numbers in output filenames
+ -fg s Foreground color (TeX-style color)
+ --follow* Wait for data at end-of-file
+ --freetype* FreeType font rendering (preferred, default on)
+ --gamma # Control color interpolation
+ --gif Output GIF images (dvigif default)
+ --height* Output the image height on stdout
+ --nogs* Don't use ghostscript for PostScript specials
+ --nogssafer* Don't use -dSAFER in ghostscript calls
+ --norawps* Don't convert raw PostScript specials
+ --palette* Force palette output
+ --picky When a warning occurs, don't output image
+ --png Output PNG images (dvipng default)
+ --strict When a warning occurs, exit
+ --truecolor* Truecolor output
+ -Q # Quality (PK subsampling)
+ --width* Output the image width on stdout
+ -z # PNG compression level
+
+ # = number f = file s = string * = suffix, '0' to turn off
+ c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm)
+
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Option-details"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Option-summary" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Option summary</a>, Up: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Command-line options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Option-details-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.2 Option details</h3>
+
+<span id="index-option_002c-details-of"></span>
+
+<p>Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by
+suffixing the option with a zero (&lsquo;<samp>0</samp>&rsquo;); for instance, to turn off
+page reversal, use &lsquo;<samp>-r0</samp>&rsquo;. Such options are marked with a trailing
+&lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input"></span>
+<span id="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from"></span>
+<p>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
+line.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--help</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Print a usage message and exit.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--version</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Print the version number and exit.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-bd <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-bd <var>color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-bd '<var>num</var> <var>color_spec</var>'</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-transparent-border-width"></span>
+<span id="index-transparent-border-fallback-color"></span>
+<p>Set the pixel width of the transparent border (default 0). Using this
+option will make the image edges transparent, but it only affects pixels
+with the background color. Giving a <var>color_spec</var> will set the
+fallback color, to be used in viewers that cannot handle transparency
+(the default is the background color). The color spec should be in
+TeX color \special syntax, e.g., &rsquo;rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0&rsquo;. Setting the
+fallback color makes the default border width 1 px. See <a href="#Color">Color</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--bdpi <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-base-resolution_002c-setting"></span>
+<p>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. The
+option sets the base (Metafont) resolution, both horizontal and
+vertical, to <var>num</var> dpi (dots per inch). This option is necessary
+when manually selecting Metafont mode with the &ndash;mode option (see
+below).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-bg <var>color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-background-color-_0028option_0029"></span>
+<p>Choose background color for the images. This option will be ignored if
+there is a background color \special in the DVI. The color spec should
+be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., &rsquo;rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0&rsquo;. You can
+also specify &rsquo;Transparent&rsquo; or &rsquo;transparent&rsquo; which will give you a
+transparent background with the normal background as a fallback color. A
+capitalized &rsquo;Transparent&rsquo; will give a full-alpha transparency, while an
+all-lowercase &rsquo;transparent&rsquo; will give a simple fully transparent
+background with non-transparent antialiased pixels. The latter would be
+suitable for viewers who cannot cope with a true alpha channel. GIF
+images do not support full alpha transparency, so in case of GIF output,
+both variants will use the latter behaviour. See <a href="#Color">Color</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-d <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-debugging"></span>
+<p>Set the debug flags, showing what dvipng (thinks it) is doing. This will
+work unless dvipng has been compiled without the <code>DEBUG</code> option
+(not recommended). Set the flags as you need them, use &lsquo;<samp>-d -1</samp>&rsquo; as
+the first option for maximum output. See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-D <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-output-resolution_002c-setting"></span>
+<p>Set the output resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to <var>num</var>
+dpi (dots per inch).
+</p>
+<p>One may want to adjust this to fit a certain text font size (e.g., on
+a web page), and for a text font height of <var>font_px</var> pixels (in
+Mozilla) the correct formula is
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example"><var>dpi</var> = <var>font_px</var> * 72.27 / 10 [px * TeXpt/in / TeXpt]
+</pre></div>
+<p>The last division by ten is due to the standard font height 10pt in
+your document, if you use 12pt, divide by 12. Unfortunately, some
+proprietary browsers have font height in pt (points), not pixels. You
+have to rescale that to pixels, using the screen resolution (default
+is usually 96 dpi) which means the formula is
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example"><var>font_px</var> = <var>font_pt</var> * 96 / 72 [pt * px/in / (pt/in)]
+</pre></div>
+<p>On some high-res screens, the value is instead 120 dpi. Good luck!
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--depth*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-baseline-reporting"></span>
+<span id="index-depth-reporting"></span>
+<p>Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the
+LaTeX style <samp>preview.sty</samp> from preview-latex is used with
+the &lsquo;<samp>active</samp>&rsquo; option. It reports the number of pixels from the
+bottom of the image to the baseline of the image. This can be used for
+vertical positioning of the image in, e.g., web documents, where one
+would use (Cascading StyleSheets 1)
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">&lt;IMG SRC=&quot;<var>filename.png</var>&quot; STYLE=&quot;vertical-align: -<var>depth</var>px&quot;&gt;
+</pre></div>
+<p>The depth is a negative offset in this case, so the minus sign is
+necessary, and the unit is pixels (px).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--dvinum*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Set this option to make the output page number be the TeX page
+numbers rather than the physical page number. See the &lsquo;<samp>-o</samp>&rsquo; switch.
+</p>
+
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-fg <var>color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029"></span>
+<p>Choose foreground color for the images. This option will be ignored if
+there is a foreground color \special in the DVI. The color spec should
+be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., &rsquo;rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0&rsquo;.
+See <a href="#Color">Color</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--follow*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-follow-mode"></span>
+<p>Wait for data at end-of-file. One of the benefits of dvipng is that it
+does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX
+finishes. This switch makes dvipng wait at end-of-file for further
+output, unless it finds the POST marker that indicates the end of the
+DVI. This is similar to &lsquo;<samp>tail -f</samp>&rsquo; but for DVI-to-PNG conversion.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--freetype*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-FreeType-font-rendering"></span>
+<p>Enable/disable FreeType font rendering (default on). This option is
+available if the FreeType2 font library was present at compilation time.
+If this is the case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript
+Type1 and TrueType fonts internally, rather than using &lsquo;<samp>gsftopk</samp>&rsquo;
+for rendering the fonts. If you have PostScript versions of Computer
+Modern installed, there will be no need to generate bitmapped (PK)
+variants on disk of these. Then, you can render images at different (and
+unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped
+fonts.
+One reason to disable FreeType font rendering would be to generate
+identical output on different platforms, since FreeType uses the native
+renderer and therefore can give slightly different output on each platform.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--gamma <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-gamma"></span>
+<span id="index-dark-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-light-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-fuzzy-images"></span>
+<p>Control the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing
+color palette. Default value is 1.0. For 0 &lt; <var>num</var> &lt; 1, the
+fonts will be lighter (more like the background), and for <var>num</var> &gt;
+1, the fonts will be darker (more like the foreground).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--gif*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-GIF-image-format"></span>
+<p>The images are output in the GIF format, if GIF support is enabled.
+This is the default for the &lsquo;<samp>dvigif</samp>&rsquo; binary, which only will be
+available when GIF support is enabled. GIF images are palette images
+(see the &lsquo;<samp>--palette</samp>&rsquo; option) and does not support true alpha
+channels (see the &lsquo;<samp>--bg</samp>&rsquo; option). See also the &lsquo;<samp>--png</samp>&rsquo;
+option.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--height*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-baseline-reporting-1"></span>
+<span id="index-height-reporting"></span>
+<p>Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the
+LaTeX style <samp>preview.sty</samp> from preview-latex is used with
+the &lsquo;<samp>active</samp>&rsquo; option. It reports the number of pixels from the top
+of the image to the baseline of the image. The total height of the
+image is obtained as the sum of the values reported from
+&lsquo;<samp>--height</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>--depth</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-l [=]<var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-last-page-printed"></span>
+<span id="index-page_002c-last-printed"></span>
+<span id="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></span>
+<span id="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl"></span>
+<p>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the last page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals
+sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo; option, if specified)
+is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to
+compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp>\count0</samp>&rsquo; values stored in the DVI file.
+Thus, using &lsquo;<samp>-l =9</samp>&rsquo; will end with the ninth page of the document,
+no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--mode <var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-mode-name_002c-specifying"></span>
+<span id="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying"></span>
+<p>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. Use
+<var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for the PK fonts (both for path
+searching and font generation). This needs to be augmented with the base
+device resolution, given with the &lsquo;<samp>--bdpi</samp>&rsquo; option. See the file
+<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode
+names for most devices. See <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-M*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding"></span>
+<span id="index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"></span>
+<p>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. It turns
+off automatic PK font generation (<samp>mktexpk</samp>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--nogs*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off"></span>
+<p>This switch prohibits the internal call to GhostScript for displaying
+PostScript specials. &lsquo;<samp>--nogs0</samp>&rsquo; turns the call back on.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--nogssafer*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER"></span>
+<span id="index-_002ddSAFER"></span>
+<p>Normally, if GhostScript is used to render PostScript specials, the
+GhostScript interpreter is run with the option &lsquo;<samp>-dSAFER</samp>&rsquo;. The
+&lsquo;<samp>--nogssafer</samp>&rsquo; option runs GhostScript without &lsquo;<samp>-dSAFER</samp>&rsquo;. The
+&lsquo;<samp>-dSAFER</samp>&rsquo; option in Ghostscript disables PostScript operators such
+as deletefile, to prevent possibly malicious PostScript programs from
+having any effect.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--norawps*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials"></span>
+<p>Some packages generate raw PostScript specials, even non-rendering such
+specials. This switch turns off the internal call to GhostScript
+intended to display these raw PostScript specials. &lsquo;<samp>--norawps0</samp>&rsquo;
+turns the call back on.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-o <var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-output_002c-redirecting"></span>
+<span id="index-standard-output_002c-output-to"></span>
+<p>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. A single occurrence of &lsquo;<samp>%d</samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp>%01d</samp>&rsquo;, &hellip;, &lsquo;<samp>%09d</samp>&rsquo; will be exchanged for the physical
+page number (this can be changed, see the &lsquo;<samp>--dvinum</samp>&rsquo; switch). The
+default output filename is &lsquo;<samp><var>file</var>%d.png</samp>&rsquo; where the input DVI
+file was &lsquo;<samp><var>file</var>.dvi</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-O <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-offset-pages"></span>
+<p>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp>.1in,-.3cm</samp>&rsquo;.
+The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
+(of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of
+the paper) by this amount.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-p [=]<var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-first-page-printed"></span>
+<span id="index-page_002c-first-printed"></span>
+<span id="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></span>
+<span id="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp"></span>
+<p>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the first page in the document. If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an
+equals sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp>-l</samp>&rsquo; option, if
+specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than
+a value to compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp>\count0</samp>&rsquo; values stored in the
+DVI file. Thus, using &lsquo;<samp>-p =3</samp>&rsquo; will start with the third page of
+the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--palette*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-forcing-palette-output"></span>
+<p>When an external image is included, &lsquo;<samp>dvipng</samp>&rsquo; will automatically
+switch to truecolor mode, to avoid unnecessary delay and quality
+reduction, and enable the EPS translator to draw on a transparent
+background and outside of the boundingbox. This switch will force
+palette (256-color) output and make &lsquo;<samp>dvipng</samp>&rsquo; revert to opaque
+clipped image inclusion. This will also override the &lsquo;<samp>--truecolor</samp>&rsquo;
+switch if present.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--picky*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-no-erroneous-images"></span>
+<p>No images are output when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will
+output an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something
+missing in this image. One reason to use this option would be if you
+have a more complete but slower fallback converter. Mainly, this is
+useful for failed figure inclusion and unknown \special occurrences,
+but warnings will also occur for missing or unknown color specs and
+missing PK fonts.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--png*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-PNG-image-format"></span>
+<p>The images are output in the PNG format. This is the default for the
+&lsquo;<samp>dvipng</samp>&rsquo; binary. See also the &lsquo;<samp>--gif</samp>&rsquo; option.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-pp <var>firstpage</var>-<var>lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-page-range"></span>
+<p>Print pages <var>firstpage</var> through <var>lastpage</var>; but not quite
+equivalent to &lsquo;<samp>-p <var>firstpage</var> -l <var>lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo;. For example,
+when rendering a book, there may be several instances of a page in the
+DVI file (one in <code>\frontmatter</code>, one in <code>\mainmatter</code>, and one
+in <code>\backmatter</code>). In case of several pages matching, &lsquo;<samp>-pp
+<var>firstpage</var>-<var>lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo; will render <em>all</em> pages that
+matches the specified range, while &lsquo;<samp>-p <var>firstpage</var> -l
+<var>lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo; will render the pages from the <em>first</em> occurrence
+of <var>firstpage</var> to the <em>first</em> occurrence of <var>lastpage</var>.
+This is the (undocumented) behaviour of dvips. In dvipng you can give
+both kinds of options, in which case you get all pages that matches the
+range in &lsquo;<samp>-pp</samp>&rsquo; between the pages from &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo; to &lsquo;<samp>-l</samp>&rsquo;. Also
+multiple &lsquo;<samp>-pp</samp>&rsquo; options accumulate, unlike &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>-l</samp>&rsquo;.
+The &lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo; separator can also be &lsquo;<samp>:</samp>&rsquo;. Note that &lsquo;<samp>-pp -1</samp>&rsquo;
+will be interpreted as &quot;all pages up to and including 1&quot;, if you want a
+page numbered -1 (only the table of contents, say) put &lsquo;<samp>-pp -1--1</samp>&rsquo;,
+or more readable, &lsquo;<samp>-pp -1:-1</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-q*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-quiet-operation"></span>
+<span id="index-silent-operation"></span>
+<span id="index-warnings_002c-suppressing"></span>
+<p>Run quietly. Don&rsquo;t chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
+output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-Q <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-antialiasing-levels_002c-number-of"></span>
+<span id="index-quality"></span>
+<p>Set the quality to <var>num</var>. That is, choose the number of antialiasing
+levels for bitmapped fonts (PK), to be
+<var>num</var>*<var>num</var>+1. The default value is 4 which gives 17 levels of
+antialiasing for antialiased fonts from these two. If FreeType is
+available, its rendering is unaffected by this option.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-r*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-reverse-pagination"></span>
+<p>Toggle output of pages in reverse/forward order. By default, the first
+page in the DVI is output first.
+</p>
+
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--strict*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-exit-on-erroneous-images"></span>
+<p>The program exits when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will output
+an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something missing in
+this image. One reason to use this option would be if you have a more
+complete but slower fallback converter. See the &lsquo;<samp>--picky</samp>&rsquo; option
+above for a list of when warnings occur.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-T <var>image_size</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Set the image size to <var>image_size</var> which can be either of
+&lsquo;<samp>bbox</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>tight</samp>&rsquo;, or a comma-separated pair of dimensions
+<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var> such as &lsquo;<samp>.1in,.3cm</samp>&rsquo;. The default is
+&lsquo;<samp>bbox</samp>&rsquo; which produces a PNG that includes all ink put on the page
+and in addition the DVI origin, located 1in from the top and 1in from
+the left edge of the paper. This usually gives whitespace above and to
+the left in the produced image. The value &lsquo;<samp>tight</samp>&rsquo; will make dvipng
+only include all ink put on the page, producing neat images.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--truecolor*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-truecolor-output"></span>
+<p>This will make &lsquo;<samp>dvipng</samp>&rsquo; generate truecolor output. Note that
+truecolor output is automatic if you include an external image in your
+DVI, e.g., via a PostScript special (i.e., the &lsquo;<samp>graphics</samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp>graphicx</samp>&rsquo; package). This switch is overridden by the
+&lsquo;<samp>--palette</samp>&rsquo; switch.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-v*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><p>Enable verbose operation. This will currently indicate what fonts is
+used, in addition to the usual output.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>--width*</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-width-reporting"></span>
+<p>Report the width of the image. See also &lsquo;<samp>--height</samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp>--depth</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-x <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI"></span>
+<p>This option is deprecated; it should not be used. It is much better to
+select the output resolution directly with the &lsquo;<samp>-D</samp>&rsquo; option. This
+option sets the magnification ratio to <em><var>num</var>/1000</em> and
+overrides the magnification specified in the DVI file. Must be between
+10 and 100000. It is recommended that you use standard magstep values
+(1095, 1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the
+total number of PK files generated. <var>num</var> may be a real number, not
+an integer, for increased precision.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp>-z <var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-compression"></span>
+<p>Set the PNG compression level to <var>num</var>. This option is enabled if
+your &lsquo;<samp>libgd</samp>&rsquo; is new enough. The default compression level is 1,
+which selects maximum speed at the price of slightly larger PNGs. For an
+older &lsquo;<samp>libgd</samp>&rsquo;, the hard-soldered value 5 is used. The include file
+&lsquo;<samp>png.h</samp>&rsquo; says
+</p><blockquote>
+<p>Currently, valid values range from 0 - 9, corresponding directly to the
+zlib compression levels 0 - 9 (0 - no compression, 9 - &quot;maximal&quot;
+compression). Note that tests have shown that zlib compression levels
+3-6 usually perform as well as level 9 for PNG images, and do
+considerably fewer calculations. In the future, these values may not
+correspond directly to the zlib compression levels.
+</p></blockquote>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Graphics"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Color" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color</a>, Previous: <a href="#Command_002dline-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command-line options</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Graphics-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">5 Graphics</h2>
+
+<p>&lsquo;<samp>dvipng</samp>&rsquo; attempts to handle graphics as included by the
+&lsquo;<samp>graphicx</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>graphics</samp>&rsquo; packages, without the need of
+specifying a driver to these packages. This means that it recognizes
+the encapsulated postscript inclusion meant for &lsquo;<samp>dvips</samp>&rsquo;, but is
+also able (from version 1.8) to include bitmapped graphics. It also
+tries to handle some of the raw PostScript that is output from various
+packages. Some of the possibilities and problems are mentioned below.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Encapsulated-PostScript" accesskey="1">Encapsulated PostScript</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">An internal call to GhostScript
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Bitmapped-graphics" accesskey="2">Bitmapped graphics</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">PNG, JPEG and GIF
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Raw-PostScript" accesskey="3">Raw PostScript</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Ignore or give to GhostScript
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Encapsulated-PostScript"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Bitmapped-graphics" accesskey="n" rel="next">Bitmapped graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Encapsulated-PostScript-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.1 Encapsulated PostScript</h3>
+
+<p>When an EPS file is included, a call to GhostScript is performed to
+produce a bitmapped image that can be included. The default is to
+produce an image with transparent background, at the same size as the
+DVI page currently being converted to PNG, and include that as
+foreground on the PNG. Of course, if the image is to be cropped, that
+is done. The included image will be a truecolor image, so for maximum
+performance the output PNG will be in truecolor mode as well.
+</p>
+<p>This conversion needs the &lsquo;<samp>pngalpha</samp>&rsquo; output device to be present
+in your copy of GhostScript. If that device is not present, or you use
+the &lsquo;<samp>--palette</samp>&rsquo; switch or request GIF output, the fallback is to
+use the &lsquo;<samp>png16m</samp>&rsquo; device to produce a cropped opaque image for
+inclusion. Other relevant switches are &lsquo;<samp>--noghostscript</samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp>--nogssafer</samp>&rsquo;. See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-PostScript-inclusion-problems"></span>
+<p>The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect
+bounding box. Complain to whoever wrote the software that generated
+the file if the bounding box is indeed incorrect. An adjusted
+boundingbox can be specified in the &lsquo;<samp>\includegraphics</samp>&rsquo; call, as
+in this example (using &lsquo;<samp>graphicx</samp>&rsquo;):
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\includegraphics[bb=10 20 100 200]{imagename.eps}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Bitmapped-graphics"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Raw-PostScript" accesskey="n" rel="next">Raw PostScript</a>, Previous: <a href="#Encapsulated-PostScript" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Encapsulated PostScript</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Bitmapped-graphics-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.2 Bitmapped graphics</h3>
+
+<p>dvipng can include PNG, JPEG and GIF graphics. When including such
+images via &lsquo;<samp>\includegraphics</samp>&rsquo; you need to specify the bounding
+box since TeX itself cannot read them from the files in question.
+The bounding box size should be given as &lsquo;<samp>0 0 w h</samp>&rsquo; in pixels,
+e.g., if the file &lsquo;<samp>imagename.png</samp>&rsquo; is 300x400 pixels, the
+inclusion would read
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\includegraphics[bb=0 0 300 400]{imagename.png}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The default size is the image size in bp (&ldquo;big points&rdquo; in TeX
+nomenclature or PostScript points as other people have it, 72 per inch).
+That is, default resolution will be 72 dpi for included bitmaps, which
+is the default size in the few other bitmap-capable drivers that are
+known to me (dvipdfm and PDFLaTeX).
+</p>
+<p>If you want 100 dpi you need to specify the width accordingly. You
+just divide your image width by 100: a 135 pixel wide image at 100 dpi
+will take up 1.35 inches. If you want 200 dpi you divide by 200, and
+so on. Simple, eh? The example above at 200 dpi would be 1.5 inches
+wide:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\includegraphics[bb=0 0 300 400,witdh=1.5in]{imagename.png}
+</pre></div>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Raw-PostScript"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Bitmapped-graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Bitmapped graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="u" rel="up">Graphics</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Raw-PostScript-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.3 Raw PostScript</h3>
+
+<p>dvipng attempts to handle raw PostScript. Rendering raw PostScript
+specials is done on top of the page by including a transparent image
+generated by the &lsquo;<samp>pngalpha</samp>&rsquo; device in GhostScript (automatically
+selecting &lsquo;<samp>truecolor</samp>&rsquo; mode in dvipng).
+</p>
+<p>Included PostScript headers are respected, and if the header
+&lsquo;<samp>tex.pro</samp>&rsquo; is included, dvipng also throws in &lsquo;<samp>color.pro</samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp>special.pro</samp>&rsquo;. The package &lsquo;<samp>xcolor</samp>&rsquo; includes its own headers
+with color names, and this is not only kept as a PostScript header, but
+is also read and interpreted by dvipng itself. An attempt is also made
+to respect the PGF header. The non-rendering specials from
+&lsquo;<samp>hyperref</samp>&rsquo; are handled via some heuristics and do not give an
+error.
+</p>
+<p>Really rendering and moving things with raw PostScript specials is more
+troublesome. The \rotatebox macro serves as a good example. The dvips
+driver of the graphicx package surrounds DVI glyphs with PostScript code
+so that after conversion by dvips, the glyphs (now themselves in
+PostScript) will be rotated in the desired way. dvipng does not handle
+this, at present. An attempt has been made to handle the rendering
+specials output by PGF (tikz), and also PSTricks. Some things work, but
+others do not. This is especially clear when mixing PostScript and DVI
+rendering commands such as glyphs. dvipng cannot at present detect if
+PostScript code moves &lsquo;<samp>currentpoint</samp>&rsquo; or rotates the frame since
+GhostScript does not return such information. A recommendation would be
+to produce images from these packages as EPS files and include them into
+your document in the standard manner.
+</p>
+<p>Another way to handle this would be to use a slower fallback (with dvips
+and gs, for example). If you want to disable raw PostScript handling in
+dvipng, use the switch &lsquo;<samp>--norawps</samp>&rsquo;. This switch turns off the
+internal call to GhostScript intended to display these raw PostScript
+specials. Further, when dvipng encounters raw PostScript and the gs call
+is turned off, it gives a warning. It is now possible to use the switch
+&lsquo;<samp>--picky</samp>&rsquo; to disable page rendering of pages with warnings, and use
+the slower fallback for these pages.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Color"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="n" rel="next">Diagnosing problems</a>, Previous: <a href="#Graphics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Graphics</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">6 Color</h2>
+
+<p>To support color, dvipng recognizes a certain set of specials as
+generated by the &lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>xcolor</samp>&rsquo; style files. These
+specials start with the keyword &lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; or the keyword
+&lsquo;<samp>background</samp>&rsquo;, followed by a color specification.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color-specifications" accesskey="1">Color specifications</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Color-specials" accesskey="2">Color specials</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Color-specifications"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Color-specials" accesskey="n" rel="next">Color specials</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-specifications-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.1 Color specifications</h3>
+
+<span id="index-color-specifications"></span>
+
+<p>The color specification supported by dvipng is by-value or by-name. The
+by-value spec starts with the name of a color model (one of &lsquo;<samp>rgb</samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp>hsb</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>cmy</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>cmyk</samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp>gray</samp>&rsquo;) followed by the
+appropriate number of parameters. Thus, the color specification
+&lsquo;<samp>rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</samp>&rsquo; would correspond to the color that is &lsquo;<samp>0.3
+0.4 0.5</samp>&rsquo; in its red, blue and green values. The color model used
+internally in dvipng is &lsquo;<samp>RGB</samp>&rsquo; (discretized to 256 levels), for
+details on the formulas used in conversion, see the &lsquo;<samp>xcolor</samp>&rsquo;
+documentation.
+</p>
+<p>By-name color specifications are single (case-dependent) words and are
+compared with color names defined in &lsquo;<samp>dvipsnam.def</samp>&rsquo; (from the
+&lsquo;<samp>graphics</samp>&rsquo; bundle), &lsquo;<samp>svgnam.def</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>xcolor.sty</samp>&rsquo; (from
+the &lsquo;<samp>xcolor</samp>&rsquo; bundle). See the &lsquo;<samp>xcolor</samp>&rsquo; documentation for a
+list of names and the corresponding colors.
+</p>
+<p>On the command-line, the name &lsquo;<samp>Transparent</samp>&rsquo; can also be used as
+an argument to &lsquo;<samp>--bg</samp>&rsquo; to choose transparent background.
+See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Color-specials"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Color-specifications" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color specifications</a>, Up: <a href="#Color" accesskey="u" rel="up">Color</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Color-specials-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.2 Color specials</h3>
+
+<p>We will describe &lsquo;<samp>background</samp>&rsquo; first, since it is the simplest. The
+&lsquo;<samp>background</samp>&rsquo; keyword must be followed by a color specification.
+That color specification is used as a fill color for the background. The
+last &lsquo;<samp>background</samp>&rsquo; special on a page is the one that gets used, and
+is used for the whole of the page image. (This is possible because the
+prescan phase of dvipng notices all of the color specials so that the
+appropriate information can be written out during the second phase.)
+</p>
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; special itself has three forms. The first is just
+&lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification. In this case, the
+current global color is set to that color; the color stack must be empty
+when such a command is executed.
+</p>
+<p>The second form is &lsquo;<samp>color push</samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification.
+This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be
+that given by the color specification. This is the most common way to
+set a color.
+</p>
+<p>The final form of the &lsquo;<samp>color</samp>&rsquo; special is just &lsquo;<samp>color pop</samp>&rsquo;,
+with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on
+the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be
+that color.
+</p>
+<p>dvipng correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when
+the pages are rendered repeatedly or in reverse order.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Diagnosing-problems"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Credits" accesskey="n" rel="next">Credits</a>, Previous: <a href="#Color" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Color</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Diagnosing-problems-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">7 Diagnosing problems</h2>
+
+<span id="index-problems"></span>
+<span id="index-trouble"></span>
+<span id="index-debugging-1"></span>
+
+<p>You&rsquo;ve gone through all the trouble of installing dvipng, carefully read
+all the instructions in this manual, and still can&rsquo;t get something to
+work. The following sections provide some helpful hints if you find
+yourself in such a situation.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Contact-information" accesskey="1">Contact information</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Who to ask.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Debug-options" accesskey="2">Debug options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Getting diagnostics.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Contact-information"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Debug-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Debug options</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Contact-information-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.1 Contact information</h3>
+
+<p>Bug reports should be sent to
+<a href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Questions, suggestions for new features, pleas for help, and/or praise
+should go to <a href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>. For more information on this
+mailing list, send a message with just the word &lsquo;help&rsquo; as subject or
+body to <a href="mailto:dvipng-request@nongnu.org">dvipng-request@nongnu.org</a> or look at
+<a href="http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/dvipng">http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/dvipng</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Offers to support further development will be appreciated. For developer
+access, ask on <a href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>.
+</p>
+<p>For details on the TeX path-searching library, and <code>mktexpk</code>
+problems, see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Common-problems">Common problems</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Debug-options"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Contact-information" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Contact information</a>, Up: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="u" rel="up">Diagnosing problems</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Debug-options-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.2 Debug options</h3>
+
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>-d</samp>&rsquo; flag to dvipng helps in tracking down certain errors. The
+parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are
+currently being tracked. To track a certain class of debug messages,
+simply provide the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track
+multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track. To
+track all classes, you can use <code>-1</code>.
+</p>
+<p>Some of these debugging options are actually provided by Kpathsea
+(see <a href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a> in <cite>Kpathsea</cite>).
+</p>
+<p>The classes are:
+</p><dl compact="compact">
+<dt>1</dt>
+<dd><p>Normal dvi op-codes
+</p></dd>
+<dt>2</dt>
+<dd><p>Virtual fonts
+</p></dd>
+<dt>4</dt>
+<dd><p>PK fonts
+</p></dd>
+<dt>8</dt>
+<dd><p>TFM files
+</p></dd>
+<dt>16</dt>
+<dd><p>Glyph rendering
+</p></dd>
+<dt>32</dt>
+<dd><p>FreeType calls
+</p></dd>
+<dt>64</dt>
+<dd><p>Encoding loads
+</p></dd>
+<dt>128</dt>
+<dd><p>Color specials
+</p></dd>
+<dt>256</dt>
+<dd><p>GhostScript specials
+</p></dd>
+<dt>512</dt>
+<dd><p>Kpathsea <code>stat</code> calls
+</p></dd>
+<dt>1024</dt>
+<dd><p>Kpathsea hash table lookups
+</p></dd>
+<dt>2048</dt>
+<dd><p>Kpathsea path element expansion
+</p></dd>
+<dt>4096</dt>
+<dd><p>Kpathsea path searches
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Credits"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Copying" accesskey="n" rel="next">Copying</a>, Previous: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Diagnosing problems</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Credits-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">8 Credits</h2>
+
+<p>A number of persons have contributed, if I forget to mention someone,
+I apologize. First and foremost we have David Kastrup whose
+preview-latex project provided the incentive to write this program.
+There is also a number of people who have contributed by reporting
+bugs and suggesting improvements as the thing has evolved. These
+include but is perhaps not limited to (in semi-random order): Thomas
+Esser (teTeX), Christian Schenk (MIKTeX), Brian R Furry (debian
+package), Angus Leeming (LyX), Thomas Boutell (libgd), John Jones
+(first user report), Uwe Kern (xcolor), Karl Berry and Peter
+Breitenlohner (TeX Live), David Harvey (hinting in Freetype), Neal
+Harmon, Alan Shutko, Reiner Stieb, Nick Alcock, Adam Buchbinder, Svend
+Tollak Munkejord, James Longstreet, Bernhard Simon, Bob McElrath,
+Georg Schwarz, Jason Farmer, Brian V. Smith, Samuel Hathaway, Thomas
+R. Shemanske, Stephen Gibson, Christian Ridderstr&ouml;m, Ezra Peisach,
+William H Wheeler, Thomas Klausner, Harald Koenig, Adrian Bunk, Kevin
+Smith, Jason Riedy, Wolfram Krause, Reinhard Kotucha, Takeshi Abe,
+Waldeck Schutzer, and Andy Nguyen.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Copying"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index</a>, Previous: <a href="#Credits" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Credits</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Copying-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">9 Copying</h2>
+
+<p>This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+License, or (at your option) any later version.
+</p>
+<p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+Lesser General Public License for more details.
+</p>
+<p>You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+License along with this program. If not, see
+&lt;http://www.gnu.org/licenses/&gt;.
+</p>
+<br>
+<br>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2002-2015, 2019 Jan-&Aring;ke Larsson
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Index"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Copying" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Copying</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Index-1"></span><h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2>
+
+<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>-</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<br>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+</td></tr></table>
+<table class="index-cp" border="0">
+<tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_symbol-1">-</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ddSAFER">-dSAFER</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp>-l</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-antialiasing-levels_002c-number-of">antialiasing levels<span class="roman">, number of</span></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-background-color-_0028option_0029">background color (option)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-base-resolution_002c-setting">base resolution, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-baseline-reporting">baseline reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-baseline-reporting-1">baseline reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-specifications">color specifications</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-command_002dline-options">command-line options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compilation">compilation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-compression">compression</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-dvipng">configuration, of dvipng</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dark-fonts">dark fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging">debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-debugging-1">debugging</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-depth-reporting">depth reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-exit-on-erroneous-images">exit on erroneous images</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-first-page-printed">first page printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-follow-mode">follow mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding">font generation, avoiding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-forcing-palette-output">forcing palette output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029">foreground color (option)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-FreeType-font-rendering">FreeType font rendering</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fuzzy-images">fuzzy images</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-G">G</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gamma">gamma</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER">GhostScript and -dSAFER</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off">GhostScript, turning off</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-GIF-image-format">GIF image format</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-height-reporting">height reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-dvipng">installation, of dvipng</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-invoking-dvipng">invoking dvipng</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-last-page-printed">last page printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-light-fonts">light fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI">magnification, overriding DVI</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying">Metafont mode, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mktexpk_002c-avoiding"><code>mktexpk<span class="roman">, avoiding</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying">mode name, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-N">N</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-no-erroneous-images">no erroneous images</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-offset-pages">offset pages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of">option, details of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-dvipng">options, dvipng</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input">options, reading from standard input</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-summary">options, summary</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-resolution_002c-setting">output resolution, setting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting">output, redirecting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-range">page range</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed">page, first printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed">page, last printed</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dl">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp>-l</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_002dp">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PNG-image-format">PNG image format</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-inclusion-problems">PostScript inclusion problems</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Encapsulated-PostScript">Encapsulated PostScript</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials">PostScript, turning off raw PostScript specials</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-problems">problems</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quality">quality</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quiet-operation">quiet operation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-R">R</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reverse-pagination">reverse pagination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-silent-operation">silent operation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from">standard input, reading options from</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to">standard output, output to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-T">T</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transparent-border-fallback-color">transparent border fallback color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transparent-border-width">transparent border width</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trouble">trouble</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-truecolor-output">truecolor output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing">warnings, suppressing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-width-reporting">width reporting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+</table>
+<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_symbol-1"><b>-</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<br>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+</td></tr></table>
+<hr>
+
+
+
+</body>
+</html>
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