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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
commite0c6872cf40896c7be36b11dcc744620f10adf1d (patch)
tree60335e10d2f4354b0674ec22d7b53f0f8abee672 /macros/physe
Initial commit
Diffstat (limited to 'macros/physe')
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-rw-r--r--macros/physe/physe.tex2024
-rw-r--r--macros/physe/physupdt.tex109
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+%Changes by lde
+% changed .texindex extension to .index
+% set IBMfalse
+%
+%FORMAT physe % use PHYSE format
+%*** this is file PMANUAL as of 07.03.86 ***
+% \input themac
+%*** this is file THEMAC as of 11.02.86 ***
+% \input mppmac % get MPP macros
+%*** this is file MPPMAC as of 17.03.86 ***
+\input physupdt % get updates and corrections to PHYS-TeX
+\def\wlog#1{} % suppress allocation messages
+\catcode`\@=11
+
+%\def\jobname{pmanual}
+%*** additional macros for MPP ***
+%*** (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik und Astrophysik) ***
+%*** (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut fuer Physik) ***
+
+\def\mppaddresstext{Postfach 40 12 12, D-8000 M\"unchen 40\else
+ P.O.Box 40 12 12, Munich (Fed.~Rep.~Germany)}
+
+\def\mppaddress{\address
+ {Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Physik und Astrophysik%
+ \\-- Werner-Heisenberg-Institut f\"ur Physik --%
+ \\\case@language\mppaddresstext}}
+
+\def\mppnum#1{\topright{MPI--PAE/#1}}
+
+%*** mpp letterhead ***
+
+\font\fourtenbf=\font@sel ssbx10 scaled \magstep2 % for letterhead
+\font\sixtenbf=\font@sel ssbx10 at 16.587 pt % for letterhead
+ % (LasergrafiX)
+\font\seventenbf=\font@sel ssbx10 scaled \magstep3 % for letterhead
+ % (Canon)
+
+\def\mppae@text{MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT F\"UR PHYSIK UND ASTROPHYSIK}
+
+\def\letterC{\endpage \vglue-19mm\centerline{\seventenbf
+ \mppae@text}\l@tt@r} % for output on canon
+\def\letterL{\endpage \vglue-26mm\centerline{\sixtenbf
+ \mppae@text}\l@tt@r} % for output on lasergrafix
+\let\letter=\letterL % default is lasergrafix
+
+\def\l@tt@r#1#2#3{\centerline{\fourtenbf
+ WERNER-HEISENBERG-INSTITUT F\"UR PHYSIK}%
+ \skippagenum T\skipheadline T\skipfootline T%
+ \centerline{\strut#1}\vskip.5cm%
+ \line{\vtop to5cm{\lftline{\strut}\vfil
+ \let\\\cr \halign{\strut##\hfil\cr#3\cr}\vfil}%
+ \hss\vtop to5cm{\def\lftline##1{\hbox to 5cm{##1\hfil}}%
+ \lftline{\strut}\eightrm \setbaselineskip=12pt \vfil
+ \lftline{F\"OHRINGER RING 6}\lftline{\tenrm D-8000 M\"UNCHEN 40}%
+ \lftline{\case@language{TELEFON\else PHONE}: (089) 31 893
+ \if!#2!\else - #2 \case@language{oder\else or} \fi-1}%
+ \lftline{TELEGRAMM:}\lftline{PHYSASTROPLANCK M\"UNCHEN}%
+ \lftline{TELEX: 52 15 61 9 mppa d}%
+ \lftline{POSTFACH 40 12 12}\vfil}}%
+ \vskip1cm\rtline{\thedate}\vskip 1cm plus 1cm minus.5cm}
+
+\def\wlog{\immediate\write\m@ne} % restore PLAIN's definition
+\catcode`\@=12 % @ signs are no longer letters
+%*** end of file MPPMAC ***
+\def\wlog#1{} % suppress allocation messages
+\catcode`\@=11
+
+\outer\def\pthnum#1{\mppnum{PTh #1}}
+\let\pthdate=\pubdate
+
+\def\wlog{\immediate\write\m@ne} % restore PLAIN's definition
+\catcode`\@=12 % @ signs are no longer letters
+
+%*** additional physics journals ***
+
+\def\AP{\journal{Ann.\ \Phys}}
+\def\CMP{\journal{Commun.\ \Math\Phys}}
+\def\JMP{\journal{J.\ \Math\Phys}}
+\def\PRep{\journal{\Phys Rep.\ }}
+\def\RMP{\journal{\Rev Mod.\ \Phys}}
+\def\TMF{\journal{Teor.\ Mat.\ Fiz.\ }}
+
+%*** end of file THEMAC ***
+% \input pmanmac
+%*** this is file PMANMAC as of 06.03.86 ***
+\catcode`\@=11
+
+\newif\ifIBM
+%\IBMtrue % print the character ^ as `neg' (as on IBM terminals)
+\IBMfalse % print the character ^ as `hat' (as in the TeXbook)
+
+\hyphenchar\twelvett=-1 \hyphenchar\tentt=-1
+\hyphenchar\eighttt=-1 % prevent hyphenation inside verbatim
+
+\newinsert\margin
+\dimen\margin=\maxdimen % no limit on the number of marginal notes
+\count\margin=0 \skip\margin=0pt % marginal notes take up no space
+
+\def\skip@userexit{\setbox\z@\box\@cclv \setbox\z@\box\margin}
+\def\ship@userexit{\ifvbox\margin \nointerlineskip
+ \rlap{\hskip\hsize \hskip6pt\vbox to\z@{\kern4\p@ \box\margin \vss
+ }}\fi \unvbox\@cclv}
+\let\skipuserexit=\skip@userexit
+\let\shipuserexit=\ship@userexit
+
+\newif\ifmultic@lumn \newcount\numc@lumn \newdimen\c@lumnwidth
+\newbox\partialp@ge \newdimen\p@gewidth \newdimen\p@geheight
+
+\let\multicolumn=\relax
+\outer\def\singlecolumn{\ifmultic@lumn \singlec@lumn \bigskip \fi}
+\outer\def\doublecolumn{\multicolumn\tw@}
+\outer\def\triplecolumn{\multicolumn\thr@@}
+\outer\def\multicolumn{\ifmultic@lumn \singlec@lumn \fi \multic@lumn}
+\def\singlec@lumn{\output{\balancec@lumns}\eject
+ \endgroup \pagegoal\vsize}
+\def\multic@lumn{\begingroup \multic@lumntrue
+ \afterassignment\multic@l@mn \numc@lumn=}
+\def\multic@l@mn{\output{\global\setbox\partialp@ge
+ \vbox{\unvbox\@cclv\bigskip}}\eject
+ \p@gewidth\hsize \p@geheight\vsize \advance\hsize12\p@
+ \divide\hsize\numc@lumn \advance\hsize-12\p@ \c@lumnwidth\hsize
+ \multiply\vsize\numc@lumn \advance\vsize12\p@
+ \let\skipuserexit\skipsofar \let\shipuserexit\shipsofar
+ \output{\multic@lumnout}}
+\def\multic@lumnout{\splittopskip\topskip \splitmaxdepth\maxdepth
+ \dimen@\p@geheight \advance\dimen@-\ht\partialp@ge
+ \setbox\tw@\hbox{\count@\@ne \loop \setbox\z@\vsplit\@cclv to\dimen@
+ \wd\z@\c@lumnwidth \box\z@ \hfil \advance\count@\@ne
+ \ifnum\count@<\numc@lumn \repeat}%
+ \setbox\f@ur\vsplit\@cclv to\dimen@
+ \bgroup \hsize\p@gewidth \vsize\p@geheight \physoutput \egroup
+ \unvbox\@cclv \penalty\outputpenalty}
+\def\skipsofar{\setbox\z@\box\partialp@ge}
+\def\shipsofar{\unvbox\partialp@ge
+ \hbox to\p@gewidth{\unhbox\tw@ \wd\f@ur\c@lumnwidth \box\f@ur}}
+\def\balancec@lumns{\setbox\z@\vbox{\unvbox\@cclv}\splittopskip\topskip
+ \dimen@-\topskip \advance\dimen@\baselineskip
+ \advance\dimen@-\numc@lumn\dimen@
+ \advance\dimen@\ht\z@ \divide\dimen@\numc@lumn
+ {\vbadness\@M \loop \global\setbox\thr@@\copy\z@
+ \global\setbox\@ne\hbox{\count@\@ne \loop
+ \setbox\z@\vsplit\thr@@ to\dimen@
+ \setbox\z@\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox\z@}\wd\z@\c@lumnwidth \box\z@
+ \hfil \advance\count@\@ne \ifnum\count@<\numc@lumn \repeat}%
+ \ifdim\ht\thr@@>\dimen@ \global\advance\dimen@\p@ \repeat}%
+ \setbox\tw@\box\@ne \setbox\f@ur\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox\thr@@}%
+ \shipsofar}
+
+\def\AmSTeX{$\cal A\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{$\cal M$}\kern-.125em
+ S$-\TeX}
+\def\bull{\vrule height .9ex width.8ex depth -.1ex } % square bullet
+\def\dn{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char'14}} % downward arrow
+\def\up{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char'13}} % upward arrow
+\def\|{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char`\|}} % vertical line
+\def\vspace{\leavevmode\hbox{\tt\char`\ }} % visible space
+
+\def\pt{\,{\rm pt}} % units of points
+\def\<#1>{\leavevmode\hbox{$\langle$#1\/$\rangle$}} % syntactic quantity
+\def\oct#1{\hbox{\rm\'{}\kern-.2em\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % octal constant
+\def\hex#1{\hbox{\rm\H{}\tt#1}} % hexadecimal constant
+\def\cstok#1{\leavevmode\thinspace\hbox{\vrule\vtop{\vbox{\hrule\kern1pt
+ \hbox{\vphantom{\tt/}\thinspace{\tt#1}\thinspace}}%
+ \kern1pt\hrule}\vrule}\thinspace} % control sequence token
+
+\outer\def\begindisplay{\obeylines\startdisplay}
+{\obeylines\gdef\startdisplay#1
+ {\catcode`\^^M=5$$#1\halign\bgroup\indent##\hfil&&\qquad##\hfil\cr}}
+\outer\def\enddisplay{\crcr\egroup$$}
+
+{\catcode`\^=\active
+ \gdef\ttverbatim{\begingroup \catcode`\\\@ther \catcode`\{\@ther
+ \catcode`\}\@ther \catcode`\$\@ther \catcode`\&\@ther
+ \catcode`\#\@ther \catcode`\%\@ther \catcode`\~\@ther
+ \catcode`\_\@ther \catcode`\`\active
+ \ifIBM \catcode`\^\active \let^\tt@neg \else \catcode`\^\@ther \fi
+ \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}}
+{\catcode`\`=\active \gdef`{\relax\lq}}
+\def\tt@neg{\hbox to.5em{\hss\the\scriptfont2:\hss}}
+{\obeyspaces\gdef {\ }} % \obeyspaces now gives \ , not \space
+
+\outer\def\begintt{\strut \begingroup
+ \abovedisplayskip\parskip \abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
+ \belowdisplayskip\parskip \belowdisplayshortskip\belowdisplayskip
+ $$\let\par=\endgraf \ttverbatim \parskip0pt
+ \catcode`\|=0 \rightskip=-5pc \tt@finish}
+
+\outer\def\beginttlines{\begingroup\tenpoint
+ \let\par=\cr \ttverbatim \catcode`\|=0
+ \ifhmode \strut \expandafter\vadjust\fi \bgroup \ttlines@finish}
+
+{\catcode`\|=0 |catcode`|\=\@ther % | is temporary escape character
+ |obeylines % end of line is active
+ |gdef|tt@finish#1^^M#2\endtt{#1|vbox{|strut#2}|endgroup %
+ $$|endgroup |ignorespaces} %
+ |gdef|ttlines@finish#1^^M#2\endttlines{#1|halign %
+ {|hbox{|strut|quad *|quad##|hfil}|crcr#2|crcr}|egroup %
+ |ifhmode |lb |fi |endgroup |endgroup |ignorespaces}}
+
+\catcode`\|=\active
+{\obeylines
+ \gdef|{\ttverbatim\ttglue\let^^M=\ \let|=\endgroup}
+ \gdef\utt|{\setbox\z@\hbox\bgroup|\aftergroup\utt@end}
+}
+\def\utt@end{\egroup$\underline{\box\z@}$}
+
+\def\ttglue{\spaceskip=.5em plus.25em minus.15em}
+
+\def\beginlines{\par\begingroup\nobreak\medskip\parindent\z@
+ \parskip\z@ \hrule\kern1pt\nobreak \obeylines \everypar{\strut}}
+\def\endlines{\kern1pt\hrule\endgroup\medbreak\noindent}
+
+\newwrite\inx
+\immediate\openout\inx=\jobname.index % file for index remainders
+\def\marginstyle{\eightrm % marginal notes are in 8pt
+ \vrule height9pt depth3pt width0pt } % a strut for \insert\margin
+
+\newif\ifsilent
+\def\specialhat{\ifmmode \expandafter^\else \expandafter\beginxref\fi}
+\def\beginxref{\futurelet\n@xt\beginxrefswitch}
+\def\beginxrefswitch{\ifx\n@xt\specialhat \expandafter\silentxref\else
+ \silentfalse \expandafter\xref\fi}
+\catcode`\^=\active \let ^=\specialhat
+\def\silentxref^{\silenttrue\xref}
+
+\begingroup \lccode`\*=`\\ \lowercase{\gdef\bslash{*}} \endgroup
+\def\xref{\futurelet\n@xt\xrefswitch} % branch on the next character
+\def\xrefswitch{\begingroup\ifx\n@xt|\aftergroup\vxref
+ \else \begingroup \ifx\n@xt\<\aftergroup\anglexref
+ \else\aftergroup\normalxref \fi\fi \endgroup}
+\def\vxref|{\ttverbatim \futurelet\n@xt\vxrefswitch}
+\def\vxrefswitch#1|{\vxref@switch#1@@\@}
+{\lccode`\~=`\` \lccode`\?=`\^ \lccode`\+=`\\ \lowercase{
+ \gdef\vxref@switch#1#2@#3\@{\if\bslash\noexpand\n@xt
+ \def\xreftype{2}\def\text{\bslash#2}% code 2, |\arg|
+ \else\def\xreftype{1}\def\text{#1#2}\fi % code 1, |arg|
+ \bgroup \def^{?}\def~{`}\let\bslash\empty % for write
+ \makexref}
+ \gdef\normalxref#1{\def\xreftype{0}\def\text{#1}%
+ \bgroup \def\tt{+tt}\def\^{+?}% for write
+ \makexref}
+}}
+\def\anglexref\<#1>{\def\xreftype{3}\def\text{\<#1>}% code 3, \<arg>
+ \bgroup \def\text{#1}% for write
+ \makexref}
+
+\newif\ifproofmode
+\proofmodefalse % for camera-ready copy
+%\proofmodetrue % this should be false when making camera-ready copy
+\def\makexref{\ifproofmode \insert\margin{\hbox{\marginstyle\text}}%
+ \xdef\writeit{\write\inx{\text\space!\xreftype\space
+ \noexpand\number\pageno.}}\writeit
+ \else\ifhmode\kern0pt \fi\fi
+ \ifsilent \egroup \endgroup \ignorespaces \else
+ \egroup \text \endgroup \fi}
+
+\outer\def\startindex{\superendpage
+ \he@d{\strut\case@language\indextext}%
+ \toc{\case@language\indextext}{\unskip}}
+\def\indextext{Stichwortverzeichnis\else Index}
+\outer\def\makeindex{\openin\test@read=pmanual.index
+ \ifeof\test@read \message{* file pmanual.index missing *}\else
+ \closein\test@read \expandafter\make@index\fi}
+\def\make@index{\beginindex \input pmanual.index \endindex }
+
+\let\endindex=\endgroup \let\sub=\indent
+
+\def\beginindex{\begingroup \maxdepth\maxdimen
+ \def\par{\endgraf \futurelet\n@xt\inxentry}\obeylines
+ \everypar{\hangindent\tw@\parindent}\exhyphenpenalty\@M
+ \parindent1em\raggedright}
+\def\inxentry{\ifx\n@xt\endindex \else \noindent \fi}
+
+\catcode`\@=12 % @ signs are no longer letters
+%*** end of file PMANMAC ***
+
+
+%\IBMtrue % print the character ^ as `neg' (as on IBM terminals)
+ \IBMfalse % print the character ^ as `hat' (as in the TeXbook)
+
+\tolerance=1000
+
+\def\chapuserexit{\wlog{\expandafter\empty\the\toks0
+ \space\the\toks2}}
+\def\secsssuserexit{\expandafter\myuserexit\the\toks0 }
+\def\myuserexit#1.{\wlog{#1: \the\toks2}\toks0{#1}}
+
+%\pagesel{39}{99} % print selected pages only
+
+\english
+\chapters \chappage
+\pageall \toppagenum
+\althead
+\lheadtext={The PHYS-{\TeX} Manual}
+\rheadtext={P. Breitenlohner, A. Kabelschacht and R.J. Drofnats}
+\centfoot
+\lfoottext={\thetime} \rfoottext={\thedate}
+\equleft \equsect \equshort
+\figchap
+\tabchap
+\refsqb
+\tocsect
+\footpar \footbot \let\footstyle=\tenpoint
+
+% \input pmantitp % title page
+%*** this is file PMANTITP as of 07.03.86 ***
+\submit{Journal ???}
+\mppnum{PTh xx/86}
+\topright{Version 1.0}
+\pubdate{March 1986}
+
+\title{The PHYS-{\TeX} Manual}
+\titcon{How to use the {\TeX} formats PHYSE and PHYS
+\rm\footnote
+*{This output is produced from the file PMANUAL TEX.
+Here you could add things like the phrase: Talk given at {\dots} or
+similar.}}
+
+\author{P. Breitenlohner\\A. Kabelschacht}
+\mppaddress
+\autcon{R.J. Drofnats}
+\address{Dept.~of Farm Ecology, The University of St.~Anford\\%
+P.O.Box 1009, Haga Alto, CA 94321 (USA)}
+
+\abstract{This manual describes how to use the {\TeX} formats PHYSE
+and PHYS to write physics papers.
+These formats contain MACROS which will automatically number
+chapters, sections, \dots, appendices, pages, footnotes, equations,
+figures, references and tables.
+In addition lists of all figure captions, table captions, references
+as well as a table of contents can be generated.}
+\endpage
+\startpage-2
+\null\vskip3in
+\centerline{\it This page intentionally left blank}
+\vskip3in
+\endpage
+%*** end of file PMANTITP ***
+\startpage1 % leave room for toc on pages iii and iv
+% \input pmanintr % introduction
+%*** this is file PMANINTR as of 08.03.86 ***
+\chap{Introduction}
+The {\TeX} formats PHYSE and PHYS are extensions of the PLAIN format
+and should simplify the writing of physics papers.
+They differ from eachother by the use of english
+or german hyphenation patterns ^^{hyphenation, german and english}
+and by having ^|\english| or ^|\german| as default.
+Practically all features of PLAIN-{\TeX} as described in the
+\TeX book \RF{\texbook}{{\it The \TeX book}, Donald E.~Knuth,
+Addison-Wesley, 1984.}\quref{\texbook} can be used without any change.
+The only exception is that PLAIN's ^|\item| has been renamed
+to ^|\plainitem|.
+The PHYSE and PHYS formats have been developed at the
+Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Physik, M\"unchen, and are derived from
+the macros for physics papers used at SLAC\null.
+
+These formats exist as dump files which can be
+invoked in the same way as PLAINE or PLAIN\null.
+Your input should start with the command |\input|~^|physupdt|
+(compare appendix B for details).
+
+\ifIBM % print this paragraph if ^ is represented as `neg'
+The character for superscripts (^{{\tt\char`\^}} in the
+{\TeX}book) is printed as ^|^| in this manual, in the same way as it
+appears on IBM terminals.\fi
+
+%*** end of file PMANINTR ***
+% \input pmanfont % fonts, text sizes, styles and headings
+%*** this is file PMANFONT as of 06.03.86 ***
+\chap{Fonts, Text Sizes, Styles and Headings}
+\sect{Text Sizes and Spacing}
+You can produce text in various ^{sizes}.
+If you use the command ^|\twelvepoint| (which is the default) at the
+begin of your input file, everything will be \LARGE{\bf large}
+i.e.\ normal text and equations will be in 12\pt, subscripts
+and superscripts in 10{\pt} and sub-subscripts etc.\ in 8{\pt} size.
+If you use ^|\tenpoint| you get \MEDIUM{\bf medium} size
+(10\pt, 8{\pt} and 6\pt) and if you use ^|\eightpoint| you get
+\SMALL{\bf small} size (8\pt, 6{\pt} and 5\pt).
+Independently you can specify ^^{spacing} ^|\singlespace|,
+^|\doublespace| (the default) or ^|\triplespace| to obtain narrow,
+medium or wide space between consecutive lines of text
+(^|\baselineskip|); other spacing parameters are set accordingly.
+Each time you select a size or spacing the ^|\strut| is suitably
+redefind.
+The combination |\twelvepoint\triplespace| should about satisfy
+{\it Phys.~Rev.}'s requirements.
+
+You can use |\medium{text}| or |\MEDIUM{text}| to get `text' in
+{\bf medium} size.
+The difference is that ^|\medium| puts `text' into
+one or several separate paragraphs whereas ^|\MEDIUM| puts `text'
+into the middle of the current paragraph.
+The commands ^|\large|, ^|\LARGE|, ^|\small| and ^|\SMALL|
+can be used in exactly the same way.
+Finally we add a displayed equation:
+$$\smallint_0^\infty e^{-x^2} dx = {\sqrt{\pi}\over 2}\qquad\qquad
+\smallprod_{i=1}^n e^{x_i}=e^{\smallsum_{i=1}^n x_i}\eqn$$
+to see the size of superscripts and super-superscripts.
+\medium{\singlespace This paragraph in {\bf medium} size starts with
+|\medium{\singlespace This|\dots\space
+and uses |\LARGE| and |\SMALL| to get a \LARGE{large} and a
+\SMALL{small} word in the middle.
+Now we add a very long sentence so that we can see the effect of
+the large word on the interline spacing (if any).
+Again we add a displayed equation:
+$$\smallint_0^\infty e^{-x^2} dx = {\sqrt{\pi}\over 2}\qquad\qquad
+\smallprod_{i=1}^n e^{x_i}=e^{\smallsum_{i=1}^n x_i}\eqn$$
+to see the size of superscripts and super-superscripts.}
+\small{\singlespace This paragraph in {\bf small} size starts with
+|\small{\singlespace This|\dots\space
+and, after the first line which is entirely in small type,
+uses |\LARGE| and |\MEDIUM| to get a \LARGE{large} and a
+\MEDIUM{medium} word in the middle.
+Again we add a very long sentence in order to see the effect
+of the large and the medium word on the interline spacing.
+Again we add a displayed equation:
+$$\smallint_0^\infty e^{-x^2} dx = {\sqrt{\pi}\over 2}\qquad\qquad
+\smallprod_{i=1}^n e^{x_i}=e^{\smallsum_{i=1}^n x_i}\eqn$$
+to see the size of superscripts and super-superscripts.}
+\sect{Fonts}
+For each size there are several `^{fonts}' available, i.e.\ sets of
+characters of different shape.
+Normally text is typed in `roman' and equations are typed in
+`math italic'.
+You can choose among:\lb
+^|\rm| for {\rm roman}\lb
+|$|\dots|$| (or |\mit| inside equations) for $math\; italic$\lb
+^|\cal| for $\cal CALIGRAPHIC$ (inside equations and for capitals
+only)\lb
+^|\it| for {\it text italic}\lb
+^|\sl| for {\sl slanted}\lb
+^|\bf| for {\bf bold}\lb
+^|\tt| for {\tt typewriter}\lb
+^|\caps| for {\caps Large and Small Capitals}\lb
+but not all fonts are available in all sizes.
+\sect{Styles} ^^{styles}
+There are macros which determine how various things are printed
+(e.g.\ page numbers, headings, titles and so on).
+The are listed below and can be changed as necessary.
+%*** the following lines are copied from PHYSTEXT ***
+\beginttlines
+\let\headlinestyle=\twelverm
+\let\footlinestyle=\twelverm
+\let\pagestyle=\twelverm % page numbers
+\let\titlestyle=\bf % title of paper, chapters, appendices
+\let\authorstyle=\caps
+\let\addressstyle=\sl
+\let\sectstyle=\caps % section titles
+\def\secsstyle{\sectstyle}
+\def\secssstyle{\secsstyle}
+\def\secsssstyle{\secssstyle}
+\def\subsecstyle#1{\hbox{$\underline{\hbox{#1}}$\enskip}\ignorespaces}
+\let\headstyle=\UPPERCASE % headlines for list of figure capts. etc
+\let\captionstyle=\it % figure and table captions
+\let\journalstyle=\sl
+\let\volumestyle=\bf
+\let\figstyle=\empty % list of figure captions
+\def\figindent{to4em}
+\def\figbreak{\goodbreak \vskip\refbetweenskip}
+\let\tabstyle=\empty % list of table captions
+\let\tabindent=\figindent
+\let\tabbreak=\figbreak
+\let\refstyle=\empty % list of references
+\let\refindent=\figindent
+\def\namrefindent{2em}
+\def\refbreak{\filbreak \vskip\refbetweenskip}
+\let\tocstyle=\empty % table of contents
+\let\tocindent=\empty
+\let\tocbreak=\refbreak
+\let\footstyle=\empty % (list of) footnotes
+\let\footindent=\figindent
+\let\footbreak=\figbreak
+\let\stmttitlestyle=\bf % mathematical statements
+\let\stmtstyle=\sl
+\let\prftitlestyle=\caps
+\let\prfstyle=\sl
+\endttlines
+The command |\UPPERCASE| translates it's argument to uppercase
+(as does |\uppercase|) but all macros in the argument are
+expanded before the translation.
+The definition is
+\beginttlines
+\def\UPPERCASE#1{\edef\next{#1}\uppercase\expandafter{\next}}
+\endttlines
+\sect{Headings}
+^^{headings}The text of most headings is defined by macros which
+are listed below (\<german text>|\else|\<english text>),
+and which can be easily changed.
+%*** the following lines are copied from PHYSTEXT ***
+\beginttlines
+\def\submittextone{Zur Ver\"offentlichung in\else Submitted to}
+\def\submittexttwo{ eingereicht\else}
+\def\abstracthead{Zusammenfassung\else Abstract}
+\def\ackhead{Danksagung\else Acknowledgements}
+\def\appendixhead{Anhang\else Appendix}
+\def\eqabbr{Gl\else eq}
+\def\eqsabbr{Gln\else eqs}
+\def\figpref{Abb\else Fig}
+\def\fighead{Abbildungen\else Figure captions}
+\def\figabbr{Bild\nodot\else Fig}
+\def\tabpref{Tab\else Tab}
+\def\tabhead{Tabellen\else Table captions}
+\let\tababbr=\tabpref
+\def\refpref{Lit\else Ref}
+\def\refhead{Literaturverzeichnis\else References}
+\def\refabbr{???\else Ref}
+\def\refsabbr{????\else Refs}
+\def\tocpref{Inh\else Toc}
+\def\tochead{Inhaltsverzeichnis\else Table of contents}
+\def\footpref{Anm\else Foot}
+\def\foothead{Anmerkungen\else Footnotes}
+\def\prfhead{Beweis\else Proof}
+\endttlines
+
+%*** end of file PMANFONT ***
+% \input pmanpage % page numbers
+%*** this is file PMANPAGE as of 07.03.86 ***
+\chap{Page Numbers, Head- and Footlines}
+\sect{Page Numbers}
+^^{page numbers}
+If you use ^|\pageall| (default) the pages are numbered throughout
+the paper, starting with `1' for the ^{title page}.
+If you use ^|\pagechap| the title page is page~0 and the pages are
+numbered separately for each chapter, appendix, the figure captions,
+the table captions, the list of references, the table of contents
+and (if applicable) the footnotes, with the number of the chapter or
+similar as prefix.
+The page number of the title page will never be printed and with
+|\pagechap| the same is true for the first page of figure captions,
+table captions etc.
+
+You can use\lb
+^|\toppagenum| to get page numbers on top of each page,\lb
+^|\botpagenum| (default) to get page numbers at the bottom of each page
+or\lb
+^|\nopagenum| to supress the printing of page numbers.
+\sect{Head- and Footlines}
+^^{headlines}^^{footlines}
+Independently from the page numbers there may be running head- and
+footlines.
+You can specify specify a left head line text with
+^|\lheadtext||={|\dots|}| and similarly a right head line text
+(^|\rheadtext|) and a ^|\cheadtext| as well as foot line texts
+(^|\lfoottext|, ^|\rfoottext| and ^|\cfoottext|).
+All these texts are initially empty.
+
+If you choose the option ^|\centhead| (default) the headline
+will contain the |\lheadtext| in the left corner, the |\rheadtext|
+in the right corner and a page number or blank in the center.
+With the option ^|\righthead| the |\rheadtext| is centered,
+the ^|\cheadtext| in the left corner and a page number will be in
+the right corner; with the option ^|\lefthead| you get the same
+with left and right exchanged.
+With the option ^|\althead| you get alternatingly the result from
+|\righthead| on the odd numbered (right) pages and from |\lefthead|
+on the even numbered (left) pages.
+
+The options ^|\centfoot| (default), ^|\rightfoot|, ^|\leftfoot| and
+^|\altfoot| will do the same for the footlines.
+
+You can use the command ^|\skippagenum||=T| to suppress the printing
+of a page number on the current page.
+Similarly ^|\skipheadline||=T| and ^|\skipfootline||=T| will suppress
+the printing of the entire headline and footline.
+All three commands are used automatically on the title page and all
+three switches are automatically reset to `|F|' when a new page is
+started.
+You should, however, be careful where to put these commands because
+{\TeX} may have different ideas about what is the current page than
+you do (see chapter~15: How {\TeX} Makes Lines into Pages in the
+{\TeX}book for details).
+\sect{Portrait and Landscape Format}
+{\TeX} usually produces output in `portrait' format (|\vsize| is larger
+than |\hsize|).
+Some times you may want to use `landscape' format, i.e.\ for large
+tables.
+You can use the commands ^|\portrait| (default) and ^|\landscape| to
+switch between portrait and landscape format.
+If such a switch occurs any partial page accumulated so far will be
+terminated and then the values for |\hsize| and |\vsize| will be
+interchanged and adjusted for the presence of head- and footlines.
+It is, therefore, \underbar{not} possible to use a |\pageinsert| in
+landscape format while processing a page in portrait format.
+\subsec{Warning:}Some output devices may not be able to handle
+landscape format properly or they may not be able to handle a
+mixture of both formats.
+
+%*** end of file PMANPAGE ***
+% \input pmantitl % the title page
+%*** this is file PMANTITL as of 07.03.86 ***
+\chap{The Title Page}
+There are several macros to facilitate the production of a ^{title
+page}.
+These macros provide vertical spacing which should normally give a
+reasonable layout.
+
+You should use ^|\titlepage| (default) or ^|\notitlepage| if the title
+of the paper, the name(s) and address(es) of author(s) and possibly
+the abstract do or don't appear on a separate page which is
+terminated with |\endpage|.
+
+You can use ^|\topleft| and ^|\topright| as often as needed to
+collect information to appear on the top left and top right corners
+of the title page.
+This information is stored in boxes and is printed with the (first)
+use of ^|\title|.
+
+The command ^|\submit||{...}| uses topleft to produce the two
+lines `Submitted~to' and `\dots' in the top left corner,\lb
+^|\mppnum||{...}| is equivalent to |\topright{MPI--PAE/...}|,
+\lb and ^|\pubdate| is a synonym for |\topright|.
+
+You can use ^|\title||{...}| to print (the first line of) the title
+of the paper and ^|\titcon||{...}| for continuation lines.
+
+The command ^|\author||{...}| will print one or more lines with
+authors, ^|\\| indicates the start of a new line,
+^|\autcon||{...}| will print `and' or `und' and more authors.
+You can use the commands |\author|, |\autcon| and
+|\address| as often as required.
+
+Any of the above macros may use ^|\foot| or ^|\footnote|,
+but you should surround the footnote with
+|{|^|\rm|~|...}|, otherwise the footnote will be printed in the
+current font.
+
+The command ^|\address||{...}| prints the address of the
+institution with one or more lines which are again separated by ^|\\|.
+
+The command ^|\mppaddress| prints the address of the
+Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Physik.
+
+The command ^|\abstract||{...}| prints the english heading
+`^{Abstract}' or the german one `^{Zusammenfassung}' and the text of
+the abstract which may consist of several paragraphs.
+
+Finally we want to mention one command which does not belong to the
+title page: ^|\ack| prints the heading `^{Acknowledgements}' or
+`^{Danksagung}'.
+
+The title page of this manual is produced by the following
+sequence of commands:
+%*** the following lines are copied from PMANTITP ***
+\beginttlines
+\submit{Journal ???}
+\mppnum{PTh xx/86}
+\topright{Version 1.0}
+\pubdate{March 1986}
+
+\title{The PHYS-{\TeX} Manual}
+\titcon{How to use the {\TeX} formats PHYSE and PHYS
+\rm\footnote
+*{This output is produced from the file PMANUAL TEX.
+Here you could add things like the phrase: Talk given at {\dots} or
+similar.}}
+
+\author{P. Breitenlohner\\A. Kabelschacht}
+\mppaddress
+\autcon{R.J. Drofnats}
+\address{Dept.~of Farm Ecology, The University of St.~Anford\\%
+P.O.Box 1009, Haga Alto, CA 94321 (USA)}
+
+\abstract{This manual describes ...
+....
+.... can be generated.}
+\endpage
+\endttlines
+
+%*** end of file PMANTITL ***
+
+% \input pmanchap % structuring the text
+
+%*** this is file PMANCHAP as of 10.03.86 ***
+\chap{Structuring the Text}
+\sect{Chapters and Sections}
+You can use ^|\chap| to start a new ^{chapter} and ^|\appendix|
+to start a new ^{appendix}.
+Chapters and appendices will be numbered automatically, starting with
+`1' resp.\ `A'\null.
+Chapters and appendices can appear in any order but this may be of
+little use unless you choose the option ^|\pagechap|.
+The text before the first chapter or appendix is treated as chapter~0.
+
+At the begin of your input you should use the command ^|\chapters|
+(default) or ^|\nochapters| if your paper does or does not contain
+chapters.
+If you choose |\chapters| the chapter number will appear as
+prefix in section numbers and possibly (depending on other options)
+in page numbers, equation numbers, etc.
+If you choose |\nochapters| this prefix will be omitted.
+In this case you can not use |\chap| to start a new chapter.
+
+You can use ^|\arabicchapnum| (default) or ^|\romanchapnum| to get
+arabic chapter numbers or (uppercase) roman numerals resp., both in
+the chapter titles and in the prefix of e.g.\ ^{equation numbers}.
+
+Whithin a chapter, but not within an appendix, you may use
+^|\sect| to start a ^{section}.
+They will again be numbered, starting with `1', and the text before
+the first section within a chapter will be treated as section~0.
+
+You can use ^|\chappage| or ^|\nochappage| (default) to indicate that
+each chapter and appendix should or should not start on a new page.
+
+{\TeX} will try not to begin a chapter or section to low at a page,
+it will rather leave blank space and start with the chapter or
+section title on a new page.
+This mechanism is governed by the parameters\lb
+^|\chapstretch| (default `2.5 cm'),\lb
+^|\chappenalty| (default `-800'),\lb
+^|\sectstretch| (default `2 cm') and\lb
+^|\sectpenalty| (default `-400')\lb
+and has the additional advantage that a minor change in the
+text will quite often lead to identical page breaks after a few
+pages which have changed.
+
+Depending on the choice of other options ^|\chap|, ^|\sect| and
+^|\appendix| may influence the numbering of pages, equations,
+figures and tables.
+
+Within a section or an appendix you can use ^|\secs| to start a
+numbered subsection and so on down to ^^|\secss| ^|\secsss| for
+sub-sub-subsections.
+All four commands used to generate numbered (sub-)sections will
+generate the (sub-)section numbers automatically.
+You can, however, specify your own numbers by using e.g.\lb
+|\sect|^\<number>|{|\<title>|}|
+
+In addition you can use ^|\subsec| to generate an unnumbered
+subsection.
+You can use |\subsec| everywhere in your text, in appendices as well
+as in chapters.
+\subsec{Examples:}The present chapter was started with the commands\lb
+|\chap{Structuring the Text}|\lb
+|\sect{Chapters and sections}|\lb
+If you need a continuation line for the chapter title use\lb
+|\titcon{continuation of the title}|\lb
+as often as needed.
+The titles for (sub-)sections will automatically occupy as many
+lines as needed.
+The unnumbered subsection with these examples starts with\lb
+|\subsec{Examples:}The|\dots\foot{The lack of space between `|}|'
+and `|The|' in this and similar constructions is significant!}\lb
+If you want to start an appendix
+you can either use |\appendix| for an appendix without a title
+or |\appendix{Title}| for an appendix with a title.
+In the former case the text of the appendix must not start with
+an explicit or implicit
+`|{|' (you could e.g.\ start the text of the appendix with |\relax|
+which instructs {\TeX} to `do nothing').
+
+You can use ^|\app||{|\dots|}| to start an unnumbered appendix.
+This command will just print the heading `Appendix \dots' (using
+^|\headstyle|) but will not influence the numbering of equations
+or similar.
+
+\sect{Items and Points} ^^{item}^^{point}
+There is another quite different way to structure the text.
+You may want to list several important points and either number them
+or mark them by a symbol.
+There are three levels to do that: ^|\item|s are indented 2.5 em,
+^|\sitem|s (subitems) are indented 4.5 em and
+^|\ssitems|s (sub-subitems) are indented 6.5 em (an `em' is the width
+of a `quad' in the current font).
+Each item, sitem or ssitem ends with the end of
+the paragraph (^|\par| or a ^{blank line}).
+\item{x}This item was started with |\item{x}This|\dots\lb
+You could also use\lb
+^|\bullitem|~|This|\dots or ^|\staritem|~|This|\dots or
+^|\dashitem|~|This|\dots\lb
+to get an item marked by `$\bullet$', `$\ast$' or `---' instead of the
+`x'.\lb
+Similarly there are ^|\sbullitem|, ^|\sstaritem| and ^|\sdashitem| for
+sitems as well as ^|\ssbullitem|, ^|\ssstaritem| and ^|\ssdashitem|
+for ssitems.
+\sitem{y}This sitem was started with |\sitem{y}This|\dots\lb
+and this works just the same way for ssitems:
+\ssitem{z}This is a sub-subitem.
+\itemcon We now want to continue the item with a new paragraph and in
+order to do so we had to start the present paragraph with
+^|\itemcon|~|We|\dots\lb
+For sitem use the analogous command ^|\sitemcon| and for
+ssitem you can use ^|\ssitemcon|.
+
+\noindent
+A ^{point} is an item which is numbered automatically and similarly
+for an spoint and an sspoint.
+\pointbegin This is the first point of a list and was therefore
+started with\lb
+^|\pointbegin|~|This|\dots\lb
+in order to initialize the numbering.
+\point This is the next point which was started with the command\lb
+^|\point|~|This|\dots\lb
+You can add another paragraph to a point by using either
+^|\pointcon| or ^|\itemcon|.
+
+The commands ^|\spointbegin|, ^|\spoint| and ^|\spointcon|
+are used to generate spoint,
+the commands ^|\sspointbegin|, ^|\sspoint| and ^|\sspointcon|
+are used to generate sspoints,
+they work in exactly the same way but differ in the numbering
+and in the amount of indentation.
+\spointbegin The first spoint of a list
+\spoint The second spoint of the list
+\sspointbegin The first sspoint of a list
+\sspoint The second sspoint of the list
+
+\noindent An spoint may but need not appear within a point.
+In order to have no paragraph indentation, this paragraph was started
+with ^|\noindent| which is a good idea after a list of
+items or points.
+
+In fact ((sub-)sub)items, ((sub-)sub)points etc.\ are just special
+cases of a more general construction ^|\varitem| with the syntax\lb
+|\varitem|\<box~specification>|{|\<item~label>|}|\lb
+where the optional \<box~specification> can be either\lb
+^|to|~\<dimension> or ^|spread|~\<dimension>\lb
+ just as for any |\hbox|.
+The \<item~label> will be put into an |\hbox| using the
+\<box~specification> (if any) and the rest of
+the paragraph will be indented by the width of this |\hbox|.
+An |\item| (or |\point|) is a |\varitem| with the \<box~specification>
+|to|~|2.5em|, |\sitem| uses |to|~|4.5em| and |\ssitem| uses
+|to|~|6.5em|.
+You can start a new paragraph but keep the indentation with
+either one of the commands ^|\hvskip|\<glue> or ^|\parvskip|\<glue>,
+e.g.\ with |\hvskip\parskip| if you want the normal spacing between
+paragraphs.
+These two commands are almost identical, the difference will
+matter to {\TeX}perts only.
+
+If you use the command ^|\bpargroup| inside a paragraph or item all
+subsequent local definitions (e.g.\ changes of fonts or spacing)
+will be effective only until the next ^|\par| or ^{blank line}.
+\sect{Code Names}
+Very often you will use numbers for equations, figures, tables,
+references, chapters, sections and so on which are generated
+automatically by {\TeX}.
+If you want to refer later on to these numbers you can choose a
+^{code name} for e.g.\ an equation number and refer to this code
+name.
+This has the advantage that the value assigned to such a code name
+changes automatically if the equation number changes due to some
+modifications of your manuscript.
+These code names are ordinary {\TeX} control sequence names and
+you should be careful not to use any code name which is the name
+of a {\TeX} command (either a primitive command such as |\input| or a
+command defined in the PLAIN format such as |\line| or a
+command defined in PHYS such as |\eqtag|).
+Contrary to the usual {\TeX} rules such code names may contain
+not only (upper and lower case) letters but digits and apostrophes
+as well.
+If you use this possibility such code names must not occur except
+as argument to an appropriate command (e.g.\ ^|\quote| or ^|\queq| or
+^|\quref|).
+
+Most of the commands which define code names will be discussed in
+subsequent chapters of this manual.
+At this point we just want to mention two of them.
+
+The command ^|\label|\<code~name> will, in most cases, define the code
+name such that its value is the (full) number of the most recent
+chapter, appendix, (sub-)section or (sub-)point.
+If we use, at this point, the command |\label\here| \label\here
+then `|\quote{\here}|' will yield `\quote{\here}' because this is
+\def\next#1.#2.{section~#2 in chapter~#1}%
+\expandafter\next\here. and no subsection or (sub-)point was used
+in this section.
+
+The command ^|\pagelabel|\<code~name> will define the code name such
+that it yields the page number of the current page.
+This is, however, a somewhat delayed action.
+The code name will not be properly defined until after {\TeX} has
+decided where to finish the current page.
+Any use of the code name before that point must be considered as a
+^{forward reference}.
+
+%*** end of file PMANCHAP ***
+% \input pmanequ % equations
+%*** this is file PMANEQU as of 10.03.86 ***
+\chap{Equations}
+\sect{Equation Numbers}
+You should use ^|\eqtag| instead of PLAIN's ^|\eqno| or ^|\leqno| to
+generate ^{equation numbers}.
+Similarly you should use ^|\eqaligntag| instead of PLAIN's
+^|\eqalignno| or ^|\leqalignno|.
+The commands ^|\equleft| or ^|\equright| (default) will then
+automatically put all equation numbers to the left or right of the
+equations.
+There is a third option ^|\equnone| which inhibits the printing of
+all equation numbers.
+This may be useful to prepare slides with equations.
+
+You may choose to have your equations numbered automatically
+by {\TeX}; to do so use the following equation number macros.
+You can use ^|\equall|, ^|\equchap| (default) or
+^|\equsect| to indicate that the equations should be
+numbered throughout the paper, separately for each
+chapter and appendix or separately for each section and appendix.
+In case you choose |\equchap| or |\equsect| the numbers
+will have an appropriate prefix.
+
+Whenever you want to generate an equation number you can use
+^|\eq|, e.g.\ in |\eqaligntag{|\dots|&\eq\cr|\dots|}| or
+|$$|\dots|\eqtag\eq$$|.
+
+Sometimes you may want to generate equation numbers e.g.\ \queq{5},
+\queq{5a}, \queq{5b}, \dots, \queq{6}.
+To do so you may use |\eq|, ^|\subeqbegin|, ^|\subeq|, \dots, |\eq|.
+If you want to generate instead the equation numbers \queq{5},
+\queq{6a}, \queq{6b}, \dots, \queq{7} you should use |\eq|, ^|\eqadv|
+(\underbar{adv}ance the \underbar{eq}uation number by 1),
+|\subeqbegin|, |\subeq|, \dots, |\eq|.
+
+If you want to refer to the number of an equation in the text
+you should use\lb
+^|\EQ|\<code~name> instead of |\eq|,\lb
+^|\EQADV|\<code~name> instead of |\eqadv|,\lb
+^|\SUBEQBEGIN|\<code~name> instead of |\subeqbegin| and\lb
+^|\SUBEQ|\<code~name> instead of |\subeq|.\lb
+The \<code~name> will then be defined to
+represent the equation number (|\EQ| and |\EQADV|)
+or the suffix, e.g.\ $a$ or $b$ (|\SUBEQBEGIN| and |\SUBEQ|).\lb
+
+Assuming you have chosen the option |\eqsect|, the $5^{\rm th}$
+equation of section~2 in chapter~3 will get the tag
+`\queq{3.2.5}'.
+The \<code~name> will then evaluate to `5' in section~2
+of chapter~3, to `2.5' in all other sections of chapter~3,
+and to `3.2.5' outside of chapter~3.
+You may always enforce the short form `5' by using
+^|\shorttag|\<code~name> or the long form `3.2.5' by using
+^|\fulltag|\<code~name>.
+
+You may refer to one or more equations by using ^|\queq|
+(\underbar{qu}ote \underbar{eq}uation), e.g.\lb
+|\queq{|\<code~name>|}| might evaluate to `\queq{3.2.5}',\lb
+|\queq{|\<code~name>|,\fulltag|\<code~name>|}| to
+`\queq{3.2.5,4.1.7}' and\lb
+|\queq{|\<code~name>|-\shorttag|\<code~name>|}| to `\queq{3.2.5-7}'.\lb
+The command |\queq| puts the equation numbers into an
+|\hbox|, therefore there will never be a line break between them.
+
+There are in fact two options available:
+If you specify |\equshort| (default) then |\queq{|\dots|}|
+will give you abbreviated equation numbers as described above and
+demonstrated in the examples below.
+If you specify |\equfull| then |\queq{|\dots|}| will give
+you the full equation numbers.
+In either case an explicit |\fulltag| or |\shorttag| in the
+argument of |\queq| takes precedence over these options.
+
+Sometimes you will want to not only quote the equation
+number(s) but to have `eq.\vspace' or `eqs.\vspace' or the
+german equivalent in front of the equation number(s).
+The commands ^|\qeq||{|\dots|}| and ^|\qeqs||{|\dots|}| will just do
+that for you.
+
+Assume you have used the command \dots|\EQ\eqname|\dots
+to generate the equation number `\queq{3.2.5}'.
+Somewhat later in the text you might want to use the number
+`\queq{3.2.5'}' for a modified version of that equation.
+For this purpose you can use the command |\eqapp\eqname '|
+(\underbar{app}end to \underbar{eq}uation number).
+
+You can use the abbreviations\lb
+^|\eqn| instead of |\eqtag\eq|,\lb
+^|\EQN| instead of |\eqtag\EQ|,\lb
+^|\subeqnbegin| instead of |\eqtag\subeqbegin|,\lb
+^|\SUBEQNBEGIN| instead of |\eqtag\SUBEQBEGIN|,\lb
+^|\subeqn| instead of |\eqtag\subeq|,\lb
+^|\SUBEQN| instead of|\eqtag\SUBEQ| and\lb
+^|\eqnapp| instead of |\eqtag\eqapp|.
+
+\subsec{Examples:}We will now use
+\begintt
+$$a=b+c-d\qquad\hbox{this is equation `Eq1'}\EQN\Eq1$$
+\endtt
+to produce:
+$$a=b+c-d\qquad\hbox{this is equation `Eq1'}\EQN\Eq1$$
+and use `|\qeq{\Eq1}|' to refer to equation `|\Eq1|' as
+`\qeq{\Eq1}'.
+\sect{More Examples:}
+Being in a new section we can again use `|\qeq{\Eq1}|' to refer
+to equation `|\Eq1|' as `\qeq{\Eq1}', but the result is
+different.
+
+The input
+\beginlines
+\dots|$${\cal A}=7\EQN\eqa$$|
+\dots|$$\eqaligntag{A_1&=5&\SUBEQBEGIN\eqaa\cr|
+|A_2&=12&\SUBEQ\eqab\cr}$$|
+\dots|$$C_1=3\EQADV\eqb\SUBEQNBEGIN\eqba$$|
+\dots|$$C_2=-21\SUBEQN\eqbb$$|
+\dots|$${\cal A}=-7\eqnapp\eqa '$$|\dots
+|Eqs.~\queq{\fulltag\eqa-\shorttag\eqb}|\dots
+|\qeqs{\eqb\eqba,\eqa '}|\dots
+\endlines
+yields:\lb
+\dots$${\cal A}=7\EQN\eqa$$
+\dots$$\eqaligntag{A_1&=5&\SUBEQBEGIN\eqaa\cr
+A_2&=12&\SUBEQ\eqab\cr}$$
+\dots$$C_1=3\EQADV\eqb\SUBEQNBEGIN\eqba$$
+\dots$$C_2=-21\SUBEQN\eqbb$$
+\dots$${\cal A}=-7\eqnapp\eqa '$$\dots
+Eqs.~\queq{\fulltag\eqa-\shorttag\eqb} \dots
+\qeqs{\eqb\eqba,\eqa '} \dots
+%*** end of file PMANEQU ***
+% \input pmanfgtb % figures and tables
+%*** this is file PMANFGTB as of 10.03.86 ***
+\chap{Figures and Tables}
+\sect{Storage Management} ^^{storage management}
+The text of ^{figure captions}, ^{table captions}, ^{references},
+the ^{table of contents} and (possibly) ^{footnotes} are collected
+during the execution and stored for later printing.
+If you specify the command ^|\storebox|, ^|\storelist| (default)
+or ^|\storefile| these texts will be stored in boxes,
+as lists of macro definitions or on external files (sysut1--sysut7).
+Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages.
+\pointbegin |\storebox|: This is the fastest method but it also uses
+the largest amount of storage because all macros are expanded before
+the text is stored.
+Moreover the command |\save| will not be able to write these texts
+to an external file for later |\restore|.
+\point |\storelist|: This method is slightly slower but needs less
+storage (macros are not expanded until the texts are finally printed).
+\point |\storefile|: This is the slowest method but it avoids all
+storage problem because the texts are stored on external files and are
+reread only when they are printed.
+\sect{Figure Captions}
+The following figure caption macros allow you to automatically
+number the figures, collect a list of ^{figure captions}
+and print this list.
+
+If you use ^|\figall| (default) the figures are numbered
+throughout the paper,
+if you use ^|\figchap| they are numbered separately for
+each chapter and appendix, with the number of the chapter or
+the letter of the appendix as prefix,
+if you use ^|\figsect| they are numbered separately for
+each section and appendix, with the the chapter and section number or
+the letter of the appendix as prefix.
+
+If you use ^|\figpage| (default) the list of figure captions
+(if any) will be printed on one or several separate pages.
+If you use ^|\nofigpage| the list will appear on separate
+pages only if you choose ^|\pagechap|.
+
+If you use ^|\fig||{|\<caption>|}| a number will be assigned to the
+figure and the \<caption> will be saved for the list of figure
+captions.
+If you want to assign your own label to a figure, i.e.\ just
+want to save the figure caption for later printing, use
+|\fig|^\<label>|{|\<caption>|}|.
+The label must not contain any explicit braces (|{| or |}|).
+It must contain the entire number for the figure (including
+any chapter number as prefix) and could e.g.\ be a figure
+number defined previously (with |\FIG|) with a suffix (a, b, \dots).
+
+You can save a figure caption for the list of captions and at the
+same time generate the description of the figure in the text.
+Just use ^|\ffig| instead of |\fig|.
+
+If you want to refer to a figure in the text you should use\lb
+^|\FIG|\<code~name> instead of |\fig| or\lb
+^|\FFIG|\<code~name> instead of |\ffig|.\lb
+You can then refer to figures e.g.\ by
+^|\qufig||{|\<code~name>|}|,\lb
+|\qufig{|\<code~name>|,|\<code~name>|}|
+or |\qufig{|\<code~name>|-|\<code~name>|}|\lb
+which might evaluate to
+\begingroup % for local def's
+ \def\name{5}
+ `\qufig{\name}',
+ \def\name{3.1} \def\namea{4.2} \german
+ `\qufig{\name,\namea}' or
+ \def\name{9} \def\namea{11} \english
+ `\qufig{\name-\namea}'.
+\endgroup % for local def's
+
+The command ^|\figadd||{...}| can be used to add an ordinary
+paragraph of text to the list of figure captions.
+Such paragraphs can occur before the first caption, between captions
+or after the last caption.
+
+You can use ^|\figout| to print a list of all
+figure captions collected so far (if any).
+This will at the same time empty the list.
+If you want a separate list of figure captions for each chapter
+just use the command |\figout| at the end of each chapter.
+
+The command ^|\figkill| discards all figure captions collected so far;
+this may be helpful to avoid storage problems.
+\sect{Figures and Plots} ^^{figures}
+The command ^|\frame||{|\<width>|}{|\<heigth>|}{|\<depth>|}| produces
+an |\hbox| containing a box of the given dimensions which is empty
+except for rules just inside the box boundaries.
+Both \<width> and \<height>+\<depth> must be positive but either
+\<height>
+or \<depth> could be negative.
+Note, however, that the surrounding box (as any |\hbox|) will have
+nonnegative height and depth!
+
+In the following we will illustrate how such a frame box or any other
+box (e.g.\ a |\table|), possibly together with a description, can be
+placed in the text or as an insertion.
+First we want to demonstrate how frame boxes will appear in
+the middle of a line:
+e.g.\ |\frame{1cm}{1cm}{-.5cm}| \frame{1cm}{1cm}{-.5cm} or
+|\frame{2cm}{-1mm}{6mm}| \frame{2cm}{-1mm}{6mm} or
+|\frame{1cm}{5mm}{5mm}| \frame{1cm}{5mm}{5mm} and so on.
+
+\def\marginbox#1{\par\begingroup \count255=#1\relax
+ \dimen0=\ht\count255 \advance\dimen0\dp\count255
+ \dimen2\dimen0 \advance\dimen2\parskip
+ \skip0=0pt plus\dimen2 \vskip\skip0 \penalty-110 \vskip-\skip0
+ \strut \vadjust{\kern-\dp\strutbox \vtop to\dp\strutbox
+ {\kern-\ht\strutbox \baselineskip\dp\strutbox
+ \rtline{\copy\count255}\vss\null}}%
+ \dimen2.5em\advance\dimen2\wd\count255
+ \count255=0 \loop \ifdim\dimen0>0pt\advance\count255-1
+ \advance\dimen0-\baselineskip \repeat
+ \edef\next{\endgroup \hangafter\the\count255
+ \hangindent-\the\dimen2}\next}
+\setbox0\frame{3cm}{3cm}{0cm} ^^|\marginbox|
+\marginbox{0}At the begin of a paragraph you can leave room
+for a box on the right side by using ^|\hangindent| and ^|\hangafter|.
+In the present example the values for these commands have been
+computed from the dimensions of the box.
+In addition we made sure that there will be no page break
+between the first lines of the paragraph with the hanging
+indentation.
+This paragraph was started with the commands
+\begintt
+\setbox0\frame{3cm}{3cm}{0cm}
+\marginbox{0}At the begin ...
+\endtt
+and the macro definition
+\beginttlines
+\def\marginbox#1{\par\begingroup \count255=#1\relax
+ \dimen0=\ht\count255 \advance\dimen0\dp\count255
+ \dimen2\dimen0 \advance\dimen2\parskip
+ \skip0=0pt plus\dimen2 \vskip\skip0 \penalty-110 \vskip-\skip0
+ \strut \vadjust{\kern-\dp\strutbox \vtop to\dp\strutbox
+ {\kern-\ht\strutbox \baselineskip\dp\strutbox
+ \rtline{\copy\count255}\vss\null}}%
+ \dimen2.5em\advance\dimen2\wd\count255
+ \count255=0 \loop \ifdim\dimen0>0pt\advance\count255-1
+ \advance\dimen0-\baselineskip \repeat
+ \edef\next{\endgroup \hangafter\the\count255
+ \hangindent-\the\dimen2}\next}
+\endttlines
+\noindent With slight modifications in the definition of
+|\marginbox| the paragraph could start without the usual paragraph
+indentation (|\noindent|) or the hanging indentation could be on the
+left side (|\hangindent>0|).
+
+\def\stepbox#1{\begingroup\count255=#1\relax
+ \dimen0\ht\count255 \advance\dimen0-\ht\strutbox
+ \lower\dimen0\copy\count255
+ \dimen0\ht\count255 \advance\dimen0\dp\count255
+ \advance\dimen0\lineskip
+ \vadjust{\nobreak \vskip-\dimen0}\allowbreak
+ \dimen0\hsize \advance\dimen0-\leftskip
+ \advance\dimen0-\rightskip \advance\dimen0-\wd\count255
+ \dimen4\ht\count255 \dimen6\dp\count255 \dimen8\wd\count255
+ \setbox0\null \ht0\dimen4 \dp0\dimen6 \wd0\dimen8
+ \advance\dimen6-\dp\strutbox
+ \count255=0 \dimen2=0pt \loop \advance\count255 1
+ \ifdim\dimen2<\dimen0
+ \advance\dimen2 .25em\repeat \divide\dimen0\count255
+ \loop\ifnum\count255>0 \advance\count255-1 \vadjust{}\kern\dimen0
+ \allowbreak \repeat
+ \raise\dimen6\box0 \endgroup}
+\setbox0\hbox{$\mat{a&b\cr c&d\cr}$}
+\setbox2\frame{2cm}{15mm}{0pt} ^^|\stepbox|
+Finally, as the most complicated example to place boxes in a paragraph,
+we have a matrix \stepbox{0} and a framebox \stepbox{2} placed such
+that their top matches the text to their left and their bottom
+matches the text to their right.
+
+\edef\next{\the\prevgraf}The method used to achieve this effect is
+somewhat devious and not entirely satisfactory, but it is the best we
+could think of.
+The previous paragraph actually consists of {\next} lines and there is
+a slight chance that there is an undesirable page break.
+We have used the commands
+\begintt
+\setbox0\hbox{$\mat{a&b\cr c&d\cr}$}
+\setbox2\frame{2cm}{15mm}{0pt}
+.... matrix \stepbox{0} and a framebox \stepbox{2} placed ...
+\endtt
+together with the macro definition
+\beginttlines
+\def\stepbox#1{\begingroup\count255=#1\relax
+ \dimen0\ht\count255 \advance\dimen0-\ht\strutbox
+ \lower\dimen0\copy\count255
+ \dimen0\ht\count255 \advance\dimen0\dp\count255
+ \advance\dimen0\lineskip
+ \vadjust{\nobreak \vskip-\dimen0}\allowbreak
+ \dimen0\hsize \advance\dimen0-\leftskip
+ \advance\dimen0-\rightskip \advance\dimen0-\wd\count255
+ \dimen4\ht\count255 \dimen6\dp\count255 \dimen8\wd\count255
+ \setbox0\null \ht0\dimen4 \dp0\dimen6 \wd0\dimen8
+ \advance\dimen6-\dp\strutbox
+ \count255=0 \dimen2=0pt \loop \advance\count255 1
+ \ifdim\dimen2<\dimen0
+ \advance\dimen2 .25em\repeat \divide\dimen0\count255
+ \loop\ifnum\count255>0 \advance\count255-1 \vadjust{}\kern\dimen0
+ \allowbreak \repeat
+ \raise\dimen6\box0 \endgroup}
+\endttlines
+
+On our installation there exists the possibility to combine {\TeX}
+output
+with ^{plots}.
+If you specify the option ^|\graphics| the command\lb
+^|\graphic||{|\<plot
+specification>|}{|\<width>|}{|\<heigth>|}{|\<depth>|}|\lb
+produces an invisible plot box and uses ^|\special| commands in order to
+transfer the \<plot specification> together with the coordinates to the
+DVI-file.
+Lateron when the DVI-file is prepared for printing on a suitable device
+a plot from a (GKS) plot metafile will be inserted.
+If you specify the option ^|\nographics| (default) the command
+|\graphic|
+will produce a frame box of exactly the same dimensions as the plot box
+and write a note to the LOG-file.
+\midinsert \advance\leftskip by 2.5 cm
+\advance\rightskip by 2.5 cm
+\ctrline{\frame{10cm}{5cm}{0cm}}
+\FFIG\figr1{Demonstration of how to leave 5 cm of blank space for
+a figure and to generate a figure caption} \endinsert
+\subsec{Example:}Immediately before this unnumbered subsection
+we have used the commands
+\begintt
+\midinsert \advance\leftskip by 2.5 cm
+\advance\rightskip by 2.5 cm
+\ctrline{\frame{10cm}{5cm}{0cm}}
+\FFIG\figr1{Demonstration of how to leave 5 cm of blank space for
+a figure and to generate a figure caption} \endinsert
+\endtt
+to leave blank space for a figure and generate the caption.
+We can now refer to this figure as `\qufig{\figr1}' by using
+the command `|\qufig{\figr1}|'.
+
+Another set of commands reserves blank space for pictures
+and allows for a more elaborate description below them, but
+will not produce entries for the list of figure captions.
+If you want such entries you have to combine these commands
+with |\fig| or |\FIG|.
+The command\lb
+|\pict{|\<dimension>|}| or ^|\pict|^\<label>|{|\<dimension>|}|\lb
+will reserve a blank space of vertical dimension
+\<dimension> for a picture, followed by a description
+(actually a ^|\varitem|).
+If the \<label> is omitted {\TeX} will assign a figure number,
+otherwise the \<label> will be used.
+You can use ^|\PICT|\<code~name> instead of |\pict| if you want
+to refer to the figure number lateron.
+The description may start with a part relevant for the whole
+picture.
+This may be followed by one or several commands
+^|\spict||{|^\<slabel>|}| and the description of some part of
+the picture labelled \<slabel>.
+The entire description will terminate with the next ^|\par|
+or ^{blank line}.
+You may, however, use ^|\parvskip||\parskip| to divide the description
+itself into several paragraphs.
+
+\pageinsert\singlespace\centerline{An inserted page\strut}\hrule
+\strut First we give an example where |\PICT| is used without
+a \<label> (automatic numbering).
+The sequence of commands
+\beginttlines
+\PICT\figr2{1cm} First we have a description for the whole
+picture. The descriptions for its parts could, of course, be
+omitted.
+\spict{(a)} This is the description for part (a) if the picture.
+It is indented somewhat more to leave room for the sub-label.
+\spict{(b)} Here is the description for another part.
+
+\endttlines
+yields
+\PICT\figr2{1cm} First we have a description for the whole
+picture. The descriptions for its parts could, of course, be
+omitted.
+\spict{(a)} This is the description for part (a) if the picture.
+It is indented somewhat more to leave room for the sub-label.
+\spict{(b)} Here is the description for another part.
+
+\noindent Note that we have not produced an entry in the list of
+figure captions for the \qufig{\figr2} above.
+In the next example we use |\FIG| to produce such an entry and then
+|\pict| with a \<label> to generate the description.
+Moreover we use |\parvskip\parskip| to start a new paragraph
+inside the description.
+\beginttlines
+\FIG\figr3{A picture with description for its two
+parts (a) and (b)}
+\pict\figr3{12mm}\spict{(a)} Here the description for the first
+part starts without any description common to all parts.
+\parvskip\parskip We can start a new paragraph without
+\parvskip\parskip\indent or with indentation.
+\spict{(b)} Description for the second part.\par
+\noindent We can now refer to the whole figure as \qufig{\figr3}
+or just to the second part as \qufig{\figr3}b and so on.
+\endttlines
+\FIG\figr3{A picture with description for its two
+parts (a) and (b)}
+\pict\figr3{12mm}\spict{(a)} Here the description for the first
+part starts without any description common to all parts.
+\parvskip\parskip We can start a new paragraph without
+\parvskip\parskip\indent or with indentation.
+\spict{(b)} Description for the second part.\par
+\noindent We can now refer to the whole figure as \qufig{\figr3}
+or just to the second part as \qufig{\figr3}b and so on\strut.
+\par\hrule\endpage\endinsert
+Here we have used the commands
+\begintt
+\pageinsert\singlespace\centerline{An inserted page\strut}\hrule
+\strut First we give ...
+....
+.... and so on\strut.
+\par\hrule\endpage\endinsert
+\endtt
+to demonstrate, on a separate page, how these commands work and how
+they can be combined with the other figure caption macros.
+\sect{Table Captions and Tables} ^^{table captions}
+The table options ^|\taball|, ^|\tabchap|, ^|\tabsect|,
+^|\tabpage|, ^|\notabpage| and the table caption macros
+^|\tab|, ^|\ttab|, ^|\TAB|, ^|\TTAB|,
+^|\qutab|, ^|\tabadd|, ^|\tabout| and ^|\tabkill|
+are the exact analogue of those for figures.
+
+The {\TeX}book \quref{\texbook} explains in detail the use of
+^|\halign| to align table entries.
+This is in fact rather simple as long as you do not want vertical
+rules.
+For tables with vertical rules you may consult the examples on pages
+247 (Chapter 22: Alignment) and 392 (Appendix D: Dirty Tricks).
+
+Based on the example on page 247 there is a macro ^|\table|
+for ^{tables} with vertical rules.
+The syntax for |\table| is identical to that for |\halign|:\lb
+|\table|^\<box specification>|{|^\<alignment material>|}|.\lb
+There are, however, a few restrictions.
+\pointbegin The ^\<preamble> must terminate with ^|\cr|,
+not with ^|\crcr|.
+Immediately after the |{| which precedes the preamble, after an |&|
+which terminates a template in the preamble (but not after a second
+|&| which indicates that the remainder of the preamble shall be
+repeated if necessary) and immediately after the |\cr| which
+terminates the preamble you can specify ^|\vrule| to indicate a vertical
+rule at this point.
+\point Immediately after the preamble (after the |\cr| or |\vrule|)
+you may specify ^|\hrule| or ^|\noalign||{...}|.
+If you use |\noalign| the vertical rules will, in general, be
+interrupted.
+\point The preamble may contain ^|\span| (expand) as usual but this
+macro expansion must not produce any |&|, |\vrule| or |\cr|.
+\point The rest of the ^\<alignment material> may contain
+^|\omit|, ^|\span| and ^|\multispan| as usual but all |&|'s
+and |\cr|'s must be explicit.
+\point |\table| uses the \<glue> parameter ^|\htabskip| and the
+\<dimension> parameter ^|\vtabskip| for extra space between the
+aligned material and the position where rules are or could be.
+The default values are `1em plus 2em minus .5 em' (for 12pt roman)
+and `2.5pt' respectively.
+\point Inside a table you can use
+|\ml{...\nl...}| to produce table entries which consist
+of several lines.
+The ^|\ml| (multi line mode) could be part of the preamble,
+each ^|\nl| (new line) starts a new line.
+\midinsert \hbox{\hskip1cm\vtop{\hrule height0pt\table to5.5cm{
+ \vrule\hfil#&\vrule#\hfil\cr \vrule \hrule
+ This is a&\ml{simple\nl table}\cr \hrule
+ A normal&row\cr \hrule \noalign{\vskip1pt}\hrule
+ \multispan2\hfil Three rows which span\hfil\cr
+ \multispan2\hfil two columns and are\hfil\cr
+ \multispan2\hfil centered\hfil\cr \hrule}}\hskip.5cm%
+ \vtop{\hsize7cm\hrule height0pt\raggedright
+ \TTAB\tabl1{Example of a rather simple table which
+ is extended to 5.5 cm. The description appears as
+ a 7 cm wide paragraph to the right of the table.}}}
+\endinsert
+\midinsert \advance\leftskip by 2 cm
+\advance\rightskip by 2 cm
+\TTAB\tabl2\tabl1 a{E. Cartan's list of classical and
+exceptional simple Lie algebras.}
+\bigskip
+\centerline{\table to 11cm{
+ $#$\hfil&\vrule&\hfil$#$\hfil&\vrule
+ \hfil$#$\hfil&\vrule$#$\hfil\cr\hrule
+ $Lie Algebra$&\rm Rank&\rm Dimension&%
+ \ml{corresponding\nl classical group
+ \nl(compact real form)}\cr\hrule
+ A_n\quad(n\ge1)&n&n(n+2)&SU(n+1)\cr
+ B_n\quad(n\ge2)&n&n(2n+1)&SO(2n+1)\cr
+ C_n\quad(n\ge3)&n&n(2n+1)&USp(2n)\cr
+ D_n\quad(n\ge4)&n&n(2n-1)&SO(2n)\cr \hrule
+ G_2&2&14\cr F_4&4&52\cr E_6&6&78\cr
+ E_7&7&133\cr E_8&8&248\cr }}\endinsert
+\subsec{Examples:}The two tables \qutab{\tabl1} and \qutab{\tabl2}
+are produced with the following sequence of commands:
+\beginlines
+|\midinsert \hbox{\hskip1cm\vtop{\hrule height0pt\table to5.5cm{|
+| \vrule\hfil#&\vrule#\hfil\cr \vrule \hrule|
+| This is a&\ml{simple\nl table}\cr \hrule|
+| A normal&row\cr \hrule \noalign{\vskip1pt}\hrule|
+| \multispan2\hfil Three rows which span\hfil\cr|
+| \multispan2\hfil two columns and are\hfil\cr|
+| \multispan2\hfil centered\hfil\cr \hrule}}\hskip.5cm%|
+| \vtop{\hsize7cm\hrule height0pt\raggedright|
+| \TTAB\tabl1{Example of a rather simple table which|
+| is extended to 5.5 cm. The description appears as|
+| a 7 cm wide paragraph to the right of the table.}}}|
+|\endinsert|
+\endlines
+and
+\beginlines
+|\midinsert \advance\leftskip by 2 cm|
+|\advance\rightskip by 2 cm|
+|\TTAB\tabl2\tabl1 a{E. Cartan's list of classical and|
+|exceptional simple Lie algebras.}|
+|\bigskip|
+|\centerline{\table to 11cm{|
+| $#$\hfil&\vrule&\hfil$#$\hfil&\vrule|
+| \hfil$#$\hfil&\vrule$#$\hfil\cr\hrule|
+| $Lie Algebra$&\rm Rank&\rm Dimension&%|
+| \ml{corresponding\nl classical group|
+| \nl(compact real form)}\cr\hrule|
+| A_n\quad(n\ge1)&n&n(n+2)&SU(n+1)\cr|
+| B_n\quad(n\ge2)&n&n(2n+1)&SO(2n+1)\cr|
+| C_n\quad(n\ge3)&n&n(2n+1)&USp(2n)\cr|
+| D_n\quad(n\ge4)&n&n(2n-1)&SO(2n)\cr \hrule|
+| G_2&2&14\cr F_4&4&52\cr E_6&6&78\cr|
+| E_7&7&133\cr E_8&8&248\cr }}\endinsert|
+\endlines
+
+%*** end of file PMANFGTB ***
+% \input pmanref % references
+%*** this is file PMANREF as of 11.03.86 ***
+\chap{References}
+There are two basic way to quote ^{references} in an article or book.
+One possibility is to assign a number to each reference when it
+is used for the first time and to list them all, ordered by numbers,
+in the list of references.
+The other possibility is to quote references by the name of the
+author(s) and possibly a date and list them all in alphabetic order.
+Most of this chapter deals with the first of these
+possibilities (numeric references). ^^{references, numeric}
+Only one section later on will describe how to use references by name.
+^^{references, by name}
+
+The reference macros have to serve several purposes: they must
+\pointbegin save the reference text,
+\point assign numbers to the references,
+\point put quotations to references in the text and
+\point print a list of all references.
+\par\noindent There is a variety of reference macros which perform
+one or several of these tasks.
+\sect{Form of References}
+The command ^|\quref| is very similar to the command ^|\queq|
+for equations, it quotes all the references in its argument.
+
+You may specify ^|\refsup| (default) if quotations to references
+should normally appear as superscripts
+(\qurefsup like this \quref{\texbook})
+or ^|\refsqb| if they or should be enclosed in square brackets
+(\qurefsqb like this \quref{\texbook}).
+These options will also affect the form of the list of references
+and they cannot be changed once the first reference is used.
+You can however specify ^|\qurefsup| (default with |\refsup|),
+^|\qurefsqb| (default with |\refsqb|) or ^|\qurefnum|
+if at some place you want to deviate from your usual style of
+quotation.
+Unlike most other specifications described in this manual they are
+local to the group (e.g.\ |{...}|) within which they occur.
+The input:\lb
+|the conjecture by {\qurefsup M\"uller \quref{a}} and {\qurefsqb|\lb
+|Schulz \quref{b}} was proven in {\qurefnum Ref.~\quref{I}}.|\lb
+yields:\lb
+the conjecture by {\qurefsup M\"uller \quref{a}} and {\qurefsqb
+Schulz \quref{b}} was proven in {\qurefnum Ref.~\quref{I}}.
+
+The commands ^|\qref| and ^|\qrefs| are similar to ^|\qeq| and ^|\qeqs|,
+i.e. |\qref{...}| is a shorthand for\lb
+|{\qurefnum Ref.~\quref{...}}| (or its german equivalent).
+
+The commands ^|\refpage|, ^|\norefpage|, ^|\refadd|, ^|\refout| and
+^|\refkill| have exactly the same function
+as the corresponding ones for figures and tables.
+\sect{Predefined References} ^^{references, predefined}
+You may wish to define some or all references at the begin of your
+input.
+The command ^|\RF|\<code~name>|{|\<text>|}| will save \<text>
+but will not assign a number to the reference.
+A number will be assigned when the first quotation of this reference
+appears in the text.
+References defined with |\RF| can therefore appear in any order.
+Those never quoted will not appear in the list of references.
+
+If you use the commnand ^|\RFlist| (default) predefined references will
+be stored as macro definitions,
+if you use ^|\RFfile| they will be stored on an external file.
+
+You can use the command ^|\RFext|~\<filename>{\vspace} to indicate that
+all your |\RF|'s are contained in an external file.
+This method is somewhat more efficient than |\RFfile| because there
+is no need to copy all |\RF|'s to an auxiliary file.
+\subsec{Note:}Clearly |\RFlist| is faster than |\RFfile| and |\RFext|
+but also needs more storage to keep the text of all references.
+|\RFfile| or |\RFext| should only be used if necessary, because the
+method is not very efficient.
+It may happen that the (auxiliary or external) file containing the
+|\RF|'s has to be read several times in order to retrieve the text
+of all references.
+The maximal number of predefined references kept in storage is given
+by the counter ^|\RFmax| with the default value 50.
+If the reference texts are very long it may be necessary to reduce this
+value, if the texts are rather short and there are more than 50
+predefined references the value of |\RFmax| could be increased.
+\subsec{Warning:}Alternating definition and (first) use of predefined
+references should be avoided under all circumstances, if |\RFfile| has
+been specified.
+\subsec{Examples:}We may use the commands
+\lb|\RF\AUThor{A.U. Thor, \dots}|
+\lb|\RF\Drof{R.J. Drofnats, \dots;\lb|
+\lb| A. Kabelschacht, \dots}|\lb
+\RF\AUThor{A.U. Thor, \dots}
+\RF\Drof{R.J. Drofnats, \dots;\lb
+ A. Kabelschacht, \dots}
+to predefine two references, the second one with two articles.
+Lateron we use the input\lb
+|\dots\space this hypothesis \quref{\Drof} has recently been|\lb
+|proven \quref{\AUThor} \dots|\lb
+to obtain:\lb
+\dots\space this hypothesis \quref{\Drof} has recently been
+proven \quref{\AUThor} \dots
+
+A certain difficulty arises if all references are predefined and you
+want (e.g.\ in the introduction) to refer to several of them as
+e.g.\ `\quref{1-4}', because you have to use all of them in order to
+assign numbers but you do not want all these numbers in your output.
+The solution is\lb
+|\quref{|\<code~name>|\use{|\<code~name>\<code~name>|}-|\<code~name>|}|.
+\lb
+The command ^|\use| puts its argument into an hbox and throws this
+hbox away, which may be useful for other purposes as well.
+\subsec{Examples:}The input
+\begintt
+\RF\uuu{uuu} \RF\vvv{vvv}
+\RF\www{www} \RF\xxx{xxx}
+\dots\space \quref{\uuu\use{\vvv\www}-\xxx} \dots
+\endtt
+yields:\lb
+\RF\uuu{uuu} \RF\vvv{vvv}
+\RF\www{www} \RF\xxx{xxx}
+\dots\space \quref{\uuu\use{\vvv\www}-\xxx} \dots
+\sect{Single References}
+You can use ^|\ref||{|\<text>|}| to define a reference which is used
+just once.
+This command saves \<text>, assigns a number and quotes this reference.
+\lb You can use ^|\REF|\<code~name>|{|\<text>|}| to define a reference
+which is used several times.
+This command saves the \<text> and assigns a number.
+It will, however, generate no quotation to this reference.
+To obtain such a quotation use ^|\refend| (which always refers
+to the reference number which was assigned last) or
+|\quref{|\<code~name>|}|.
+\subsec{Examples:}The input\lb
+|\dots\space \ref{aaa} \dots\space \REF\bbb{bbb}\refend\space\dots|\lb
+yields:\foot{Observe the effects in the list of references}\lb
+\dots\space \ref{aaa} \dots\space \REF\bbb{bbb}\refend\space\dots
+\sect{Multiple References} ^^{references, multiple}
+In order to generate multiple references you can, of course, use
+|\quref| with sufficiently complicated arguments.
+If you want, however, to introduce a number of new references and
+refer to all of them you can use the sequence of commands:
+\lb^|\refs||{|\<text>|}| or ^|\REFS|\<code~name>|{|\<text>|}|
+\lb^|\refscon||{|\<text>|}| or ^|\REFSCON|\<code~name>|{|\<text>|}|
+\lb|...|
+\lb|\refscon{|\<text>|}| or |\REFSCON|\<code~name>|{|\<text>|}|
+\lb^|\refsend|.
+\lb If you omit the |\refsend| the quotation
+to these references will be omitted.
+If you wish, you can in fact use |\refsend| several times.
+\subsec{Examples:}The input
+\begintt
+\dots\space \REFS\ccc{ccc} \refscon{This is a ... indented.}
+\REFSCON\eee{eee} \refsend\space\dots
+\quref{\Drof,\ccc-\eee}
+\endtt
+yields:\lb
+\dots\space \REFS\ccc{ccc} \refscon{This is a very long reference which
+will certainly need more than one line; the second line will be
+indented.}
+\REFSCON\eee{eee} \refsend\space\dots
+\quref{\Drof,\ccc-\eee}
+\sect{References by Name} ^^{references, by name}
+The command ^|\refnam| indicates that you want references by
+name.
+In this case all references must be predefined (|\RF|) and their order
+is important.
+All those used at least once will be printed in the list of references
+in exactly the same order.
+Because it is much harder to standardize quotations for references by
+name the command |\quref| will not produce any visible output.
+It will just remember which references have been used.
+The commands |\qref|, |\qrefs| and all commands for single or multiple
+references cannot be used together with |\refnam|.
+\sect{Multiple Lists of References}
+It is quite possible to have a separate list of references after
+each chapter.
+You just have to use |\refout| (probably with the option |\norefpage|)
+at the end of each chapter.
+The command ^|\refout| will not only print a list of references
+but will in addition reset the reference counter to zero and forget
+all code names used for single and multiple references.
+All the code names for predefined references will, however, still be
+defined and available for future use in a later chapter.
+\sect{Macros for Physics Journals}
+In order to facilitate the writing of references and to conserve
+storage there are macros for frequently used ^{physics journals}.
+You can choose between the options ^|\yearpage| (default) or
+^|\pageyear| if references generated by these macros should have
+the form `\yearpage \journal{journal}volume(year)page*'
+or `\pageyear \journal{journal}volume(year)page*'.\yearpage
+The printing of the journal name and volume is determined by
+^|\journalstyle| and ^|\volumestyle| with the default definitions
+\lb|\def\journalstyle{\sl}| (slanted) and
+\lb|\def\volumestyle{\bf}| (boldface);\lb
+ other useful possibilities are
+\lb|\def\volumestyle{\underbar}| (underlined) or
+\lb|\def\volumestyle{}| (roman).
+
+The basic macros are\lb
+^|\journal||{|\<journal name>|}|\<volume>|(|\<year>|)|\<page(s)>|*|\lb
+for journals with ordinary volume numbers,\lb
+^|\journalp||{|\<journal name>|}|\<letter>\<volume>|(|\<year>|)|%
+\<page(s)>|*|\lb
+for journals where a letter precedes the volume numbers
+(e.g.\ \Nucl\Phys) and\lb
+^|\journalf||{|\<journal name>|}|\<letter>\<volume>|(|\<year>|)|%
+\<page(s)>|*|\lb
+for journals where a letter follows the volume numbers
+(e.g.\ \Phys\Lett).
+
+The following macros for frequently used physics journals are defined
+in terms of these basic macros:
+^^|\NPA|^^|\NPB|^^|\PLA|^^|\PLB|^^|\PR|^^|\PRA|^^|\PRB|^^|\PRC|
+^^|\PRD|^^|\PRL|
+%*** the following lines are copied from PHYSJRNL ***
+\beginttlines
+\def\NPA{\journalp{\Nucl\Phys}A}
+\def\NPB{\journalp{\Nucl\Phys}B}
+\def\PLA{\journalf{\Phys\Lett}A}
+\def\PLB{\journalf{\Phys\Lett}B}
+\def\PR{\journal{\Phys\Rev}}
+\def\PRA{\journalp{\Phys\Rev}A}
+\def\PRB{\journalp{\Phys\Rev}B}
+\def\PRC{\journalp{\Phys\Rev}C}
+\def\PRD{\journalp{\Phys\Rev}D}
+\def\PRL{\journal{\Phys\Rev\Lett}}
+\endttlines
+where macros for frequently used abbreviations
+(e.g.\ `|\Phys|' for `\Phys')
+are used in order to conserve storage space.
+\subsec{Examples:}The following list displays the use of some of these
+macros together with the resulting output.
+
+\halign{`#'\qquad\hfill&`#'\hfill\cr
+|\pageyear\PRL23(1976)27*|&\pageyear\PRL23(1976)27*\cr
+|\yearpage\PRL23(1976)27--29*|&\yearpage\PRL23(1976)27--29*\cr
+|\PRL45(1980)*|&\PRL45(1980)*\cr
+|\PRL45()*|&\PRL45()*\cr
+|\PRL(1984)*, to appear|&\PRL(1984)*, to appear\cr
+|\NPB72(1982)13*|&\NPB72(1982)13*\cr
+|\NPB()* (to appear)|&\NPB()* (to appear)\cr
+|\PLA72(1982)13--27*|&\PLA72(1982)13--27*\cr
+}
+
+%*** end of file PMANREF ***
+% \input pmanfoot % footnotes and insertionss
+%*** this is file PMANFOOT as of 11.03.86 ***
+\chap{Footnotes and Insertions}
+\sect{Footnotes} ^^{footnotes}
+You can use the command ^|\footbot| (default) or ^|\footend|
+if `footnotes' should appear at the bottom of the page (as footnotes
+like this\foot{A footnote at the bottom of the page})
+or should be printed separately at the end in the same way as
+figure captions, table captions and references (as required
+by some journals) like this\footend\foot{A footnote at the end
+of the paper}\footbot.
+In the later case you can use the commands ^|\footpage|,
+^|\nofootpage|, ^|\footadd|, ^|\footout| and ^|\footkill|
+which have exactly the same function as the corresponding ones for
+figures, tables and references.
+
+To generate footnotes you can use either\lb
+^|\footnote||{|\<symbol>|}{|\<text>|}|\foot{The lack of space between
+`|}|' and `|{|' in this and similar constructions is significant!}
+or ^|\foot||{|\<text>|}|.\lb
+The difference is that with |\footnote| you choose your own
+symbol, whereas footnotes produced with |\foot| are automatically
+numbered and the (superscripted) number is used as symbol.
+You can choose between ^|\footsqb| (default) and ^|\footpar|
+to get these numbers enclosed in square brackets or followed by
+a parenthesis.
+
+The text of footnotes (only those at the bottom of the page) will
+start with the command ^|\footstyle| with the default definition\lb
+|\let\footstyle\relax|.\lb
+If you want your footnotes printed in 10pt you should replace this
+by e.g.\lb
+|\def\footstyle{\tenpoint}|.
+\subsec{Examples:}We will first use \foot{This is a short footnote}\lb
+|\foot{This is a short footnote}|\lb
+then
+\footnote{*}{This is a footnote. In order to see the difference
+in spacing within and between footnotes we make it long}\lb
+|\footnote{*}{This|\dots\lb
+\dots| long}|\lb
+and finally \foot{This is another short footnote}\lb
+|\foot{This is another short footnote}|\lb
+to generate three footnotes.
+
+With the option |\footbot| footnotes are insertions which should
+eventually migrate to \TeX's main vertical list (compare the
+\TeX book \quref{\texbook}).
+They will, however, not do so, i.e.\ are lost, if they are hidden
+inside nested boxes, e.g.\ in a table.
+In such a case you can split the function of\lb
+|\foot{|\<text>|}| resp.\ |\footnote{|\<symbol>|}{|\<text>|}| into\lb
+^|\hfoot| resp.\ ^|\hfootnote{|\<symbol>|}| which will produce the
+reference to the footnote as well as save the symbol in the (global)
+variable ^|\footid| and\lb
+^|\vfootnote||\footid{|\<text>|}| somewhat later on the same page which
+will produce the footnote insertion, such that the insertion can
+migrate to the main vertical list.
+\subsec{Examples:}The input ^^|\boxit|
+\begintt
+\boxit{A lost footnote\foot{A lost footnote}}\quad
+\boxit{Two footnotes\hfoot \glet\footxx=\footid \space inside
+ a box\hfootnote{$^*$}}
+\vfootnote\footxx{First footnote from inside a box}
+\vfootnote\footid{Second footnote from inside a box}
+\endtt
+yields:\lb
+\boxit{A lost footnote\foot{A lost footnote}}\quad
+\boxit{Two footnotes\hfoot \glet\footxx=\footid \space inside
+ a box\hfootnote{$^*$}}
+\vfootnote\footxx{First footnote from inside a box}
+\vfootnote\footid{Second footnote from inside a box}
+\sect{Insertions}
+You can use PLAIN's commands ^|\midinsert|, ^|\topinsert| and
+^|\pageinsert| together with ^|\endinsert| to produce ^{insertions}
+(e.g.\ tables or blank space for figures).
+
+%*** end of file PMANFOOT ***
+% \input pmantoc % table of contents
+%*** this is file PMANTOC as of 06.03.86 ***
+\chap{Table of Contents}
+During the processing of your manuscript you {\TeX} can collect
+information for a ^{table of contents} which can be printed at the end.
+It is, however, no problem to manipulate page numbers in such a way
+that the table of contents appears e.g.\ on pages 1 and 2 and the
+text starts on page 3.
+
+The commands ^|\tocpage|,
+^|\notocpage|, ^|\tocadd|, ^|\tocout| and ^|\tockill|
+which have exactly the same function as the corresponding ones for
+figures, tables and references.
+
+You can specify an entry for the table of contents with the command\lb
+^|\toc||{|\<label>|}{|\<text>|}|\lb
+and the page number will be automatically appended to the \<text>.
+
+You can also use the possibility to generate entries automatically.
+\bullitem If you choose the option ^|\tocnone| (default) there will
+be no automatic entries for the table of contents.
+\bullitem With the option ^|\tocchap| one entry will be
+automatically generated for each chapter (with the chapter
+number as \<label> and the chapter title as \<text>) and for each
+appendix.
+\bullitem With the option ^|\tocsect| there will be in addition
+one entry for each section (as in this manual).
+\bullitem With the option ^|\tocsecs| there will be in addition
+one entry for each subsection.
+\bullitem With the option ^|\tocsecss| there will be in addition
+one entry for each sub-subsection.
+\bullitem With the option ^|\tocsecsss| there will be in addition
+one entry for each sub-sub-subsection.
+
+\noindent You can combine these automatic entries with additional ones
+specified by ^|\toc| and ^|\tocadd|.
+The input
+\begintt
+\tocadd{Note that most of this table of contents has been produced
+ automatically with the option `tocsect'.
+ Only this paragraph and the immediately following entry
+ have been produced explicitely.}
+\toc{Demonstration}{how to generate (explicitely) an entry for the
+ table of contents. Very long entries will be split into several
+ lines with apropriate indentation on both sides}
+\endtt
+\tocadd{Note that most of this table of contents has been produced
+ automatically with the option `tocsect'.
+ Only this paragraph and the immediately following entry
+ have been produced explicitely.}
+\toc{Demonstration}{how to generate (explicitely) an entry for the
+ table of contents. Very long entries will be split into several
+ lines with apropriate indentation on both sides}
+does not produce any visible output at this point.
+The effect can, however, been seen in the table of contents.
+
+%*** end of file PMANTOC ***
+% \input pmantext % some macros for text
+%*** this is file PMANTEXT as of 06.03.86 ***
+\chap{Some Macros for Text}
+The command ^|\thetime| yields the time in the form `hh:mm'
+(e.g.\ \thetime), ^|\themonth| yields the current month in words
+(e.g.\ \themonth\ or \german\themonth),
+^|\date| yields todays date in the form `dd.mm.yy' (e.g.\ \date) and
+^|\thedate| yields todays date in long form such as `\thedate' or
+`\english\thedate'.
+
+You can use ^|\ctrline|, ^|\lftline| or ^|\rtline| to produce a
+centered, left-justified or right-justified line of text.
+These commands are almost identical to PLAIN's ^|\centerline|,
+^|\leftline| and ^|\rightline| but they use |\hfil| instead
+of |\hss|.
+The use of |\hfil| does not allow the line to stick out on one
+or both sides but it does allow to cancel the |\hfil| by an
+|\hfilneg| or to override it by an |\hfill|.
+
+The definition of ^|\loop| has been modified in order to allow
+the construction\lb
+|\loop ... \if... ... \else ... \repeat| in addition to\lb
+|\loop ... \if... ... \repeat|.
+
+PLAIN's commands `^|\{|', `^|\}|', `^|\,|', `^|\>| and `^|\;|'
+have been modified and can be used in horizontal mode
+as well as in math mode.
+Moreover you can use ^|\Mit||{...}| to produce `math italic' and
+^|\Cal||{...}| to produce `caligraphic' text.
+Both commands can be used inside and outside math mode and |\Cal|
+will automatically translate its argument to upper case.
+
+Any input between ^|\comment| end ^|\endcomment| will be ignored,
+i.e.\ treated as comment.
+Note, however, that |\endcomment| must appear as the first
+(nonblank) token of an input line.
+
+The command ^|\boxit||{...}| puts its argument into a box.
+
+The commands ^|\topsmash| and ^|\botsmash| are similar to ^|\smash|
+but only the part above or below the baseline is `smashed'.
+\subsec{Examples:}The input
+\begintt
+
+\line{\boxit{\boxit{\;$a\over b$\;}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\vphantom{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\hphantom{\;$a\over b$\;}}}}
+\line{\boxit{\boxit{\rlap{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\topsmash{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\phantom{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\botsmash{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\smash{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\llap{\;$a\over b$\;}}}}
+
+\endtt
+yields:
+
+\line{\boxit{\boxit{\;$a\over b$\;}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\vphantom{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\hphantom{\;$a\over b$\;}}}}
+\line{\boxit{\boxit{\rlap{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\topsmash{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\phantom{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\botsmash{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\smash{\;$a\over b$\;}}}\hfill
+ \boxit{\boxit{\llap{\;$a\over b$\;}}}}
+
+The command ^|\lb| is equivalent to |\hfil\break| and can be used to
+force a line break.\lb
+The command ^|\endpage| is equivalent to |\par\vfil\eject| and can be
+used to force a page break.\lb
+If you use ^|\superendpage| instead of |\endpage| all pending footnotes
+and insertions will be printed before the new page is started.
+
+The command ^|\use| has already been mentioned, it puts its argument
+into an |\hbox| (with macro expansion as usual) and discards this
+box.\lb
+The command ^|\eat| equally discards its argument but without any macro
+expansion.\lb
+The command ^|\glet| is an abbreviation for |\global\let| and is used
+primarily to conserve space used for macros.
+
+%*** end of file PMANTEXT ***
+% \input pmanmath % mathematical expressions
+%*** this is file PMANMATH as of 06.03.86 ***
+\chap{Mathematical Expressions}
+Let us once again use `|\qeq{\Eq1}|' to refer to equation
+`|\Eq1|' defined earlier:
+this time the result is `\qeq{\Eq1}'.
+
+PLAIN's macros ^|\matrix|, ^|\pmatrix| and ^|\bordermatrix|
+have been modified as follows:
+If you use the commands ^|\matc| (default), ^|\matl| or ^|\matr|
+matrix elements will be centered (as in PLAIN), left justified
+or right justified respectively.
+Moreover you can use ^|\mat| as an abbreviation for ^|\pmatrix|.
+\subsec{Examples:}The sequence of commands
+\begintt
+$$\mat{\sin\lambda\cr1&\sin\lambda\cr0&1&\sin\lambda\cr}\eqn$$
+\matl
+$$\mat{\sin\lambda\cr1&\sin\lambda\cr0&1&\sin\lambda\cr}\eqn$$
+\matr
+$$\mat{\sin\lambda\cr1&\sin\lambda\cr0&1&\sin\lambda\cr}\eqn$$
+\matc
+$$\mat{\sin\lambda&1&0\cr&\sin\lambda&1\cr&&\sin\lambda\cr}\eqn$$
+\endtt
+yields
+$$\mat{\sin\lambda\cr1&\sin\lambda\cr0&1&\sin\lambda\cr}\eqn$$
+\matl
+$$\mat{\sin\lambda\cr1&\sin\lambda\cr0&1&\sin\lambda\cr}\eqn$$
+\matr
+$$\mat{\sin\lambda\cr1&\sin\lambda\cr0&1&\sin\lambda\cr}\eqn$$
+\matc
+$$\mat{\sin\lambda&1&0\cr&\sin\lambda&1\cr&&\sin\lambda\cr}\eqn$$
+
+The macros ^|\smallsum| and ^|\smallprod| give small summation
+and product signs similar to PLAIN's ^|\smallint|.
+These symbols are reduced in size if they appear in sub- or
+superscripts.
+
+There are additional `^{math accents}' and there are also the
+corresponding symbols which can be used as superscripts.
+The complete list is:\lb
+^|\dot| and ^|\dotsymbol| for one dot,\lb
+^|\dotii| (or ^|\ddot|) and ^|\dotiisymbol| for two dots,\lb
+^|\dotiii| and ^|\dotiiisymbol| for three dots,\lb
+^|\dotiv| and ^|\dotivsymbol| for four dots,\lb
+^|\vec| and ^|\vecsymbol| for an arrow,\lb
+^|\bar| and ^|\barsymbol| for a bar,\lb
+^|\tilde| and ^|\tildesymbol| for a tilde and\lb
+^|\hat| and ^|\hatsymbol| for a hat.
+\subsec{Examples:}The input:
+\begintt
+$\dot x=\dotii x=\dotiii x=\dotiv x=
+\vec x=\bar x=\tilde x=\hat x$ or
+$ABC^\dotsymbol=ABC^\dotiisymbol=
+ABC^\dotiiisymbol=ABC^\dotivsymbol$ or
+$DEF^\vecsymbol=DEF^\barsymbol=
+DEF^\tildesymbol=DEF^\hatsymbol$
+\endtt
+yields:\lb
+$\dot x=\dotii x=\dotiii x=\dotiv x=
+\vec x=\bar x=\tilde x=\hat x$ or
+$ABC^\dotsymbol=ABC^\dotiisymbol=
+ABC^\dotiiisymbol=ABC^\dotivsymbol$ or
+$DEF^\vecsymbol=DEF^\barsymbol=
+DEF^\tildesymbol=DEF^\hatsymbol$
+\sect{Mathematical Statements}
+You may want to use macros to typeset ^{mathematical statements}
+such as definitions, theorems, propositions, {\dots} and
+proofs.
+The problem is that different people have different ideas
+how to name these statements.
+Moreover one author prefers to number each class of
+statements independently whereas another one would like them
+all to share one sequence of numbers.
+Therefore you must use the command ^|\defstmt|
+(\underbar{def}ine \underbar{st}ate\underbar{m}en\underbar{t})
+to define macros for theorems etc.\ yourself according to
+your preferences.
+The syntax is\lb
+|\defstmt{|\<macro>|}{|\<name>|}{|\<numbering>|} |.\lb
+The command |\defstmt{Thm}{Theorem}{|\<numbering>|}| will
+define a macro ^|\Thm| which can be used to state `Theorem's.
+Any such `Theorem' starts with |\Thm|, followed by optional
+text and by `:\vspace', and extends until the next statement or
+^|\par| or ^{blank line} is encountered.
+You may, however, use ^|\endgraf| to start a new paragraph
+within a statement.
+While you are inside such a statement the command
+^|\label| will define a \<code~name> such that it represents
+the number assigned to the statement.
+
+The command ^|\Prf| can be used to generate a proof.
+The only difference is that proofs have no numbers and that
+they may appear in a different font.
+
+The last argument \<numbering> of |\defstmt| determines how
+this class of statements shall be numbered and must be one
+of the following:
+\bullitem `|aa|', `|ca|', `|cc|', `|sa|', `|sc|' or `|ss|'
+where the first letter indicates whether the statements
+shall be numbered throughout the whole paper (a),
+per chapter (c) or per section (s).
+The second letter indicates whether
+these numbers shall be unique throughout the whole paper
+(a), through each chapter, i.e.\ chapter numbers as prefix are
+omitted, (c) or through each section, i.e.\ chapter and
+section numbers are omitted, (s).
+That means that the numbering options `|aa|', `|cc|' and
+`|ss|' will yield numbers which look alike but which are
+reset differently.
+\bullitem `|=|' immediately followed by \<macro> of another
+class of statements with which the new class shall share the
+numbers.
+\par\noindent Since the names of these statements are
+supplied by the user there is no need to provide for
+automatic switching between english and german text.
+The following example demonstrates some of the possibilities.
+The input:
+\beginlines
+|\defstmt{Def}{Definition}{ca}|
+|\defstmt{Thm}{Theorem}{cc}|
+|\defstmt{Lem}{Lemma}{=Thm}|
+|\Def: \label\Df1 This is definition~\quote{\Df1}.|
+|\Thm (very important)\label\Tm1 : Assume $X$ has the properties|
+| \spointbegin $X$ is {\dots} and|
+| \spoint $X$ is \dots|
+|\endgraf\noindent Then \dots|
+|\par Before we prove Theorem~\quote{\Tm1} we need|
+|\Lem: \label\Lm1 This is a Lemma.|
+|\Prf: According to Definition \quote{\Df1} all $X$ \dots|
+|\Prf \rm of Theorem~\quote{\Tm1}:|
+|Using Lemma~\quote{\Lm1} we can \dots|
+|\par|
+\endlines
+yields:
+\defstmt{Def}{Definition}{ca}
+\defstmt{Thm}{Theorem}{cc}
+\defstmt{Lem}{Lemma}{=Thm}
+\Def: \label\Df1 This is definition~\quote{\Df1}.
+\Thm (very important)\label\Tm1 : Assume $X$ has the properties
+ \spointbegin $X$ is {\dots} and
+ \spoint $X$ is \dots
+\endgraf\noindent Then \dots
+\par Before we prove Theorem~\quote{\Tm1} we need
+\Lem: \label\Lm1 This is a Lemma.
+\Prf: According to Definition \quote{\Df1} all $X$ \dots
+\Prf \rm of Theorem~\quote{\Tm1}:
+Using Lemma~\quote{\Lm1} we can \dots
+\par
+
+%*** end of file PMANMATH ***
+% \input pmansel % selective printing and start macros
+%*** this is file PMANSEL as of 10.03.86 ***
+\chap{Selective Printing and Start Macros}
+\sect{Selective Printing}
+Sometimes you want to print just one or a few pages of a long paper,
+e.g.\ because there have been some minor changes.\lb
+The command ^|\pagesel||{|\<first>|}{|\<last>|}| will suppress the
+printing of all pages with page numbers not in the range `first--last'.
+You can use |\pagesel| more than once, but you should consider
+that \TeX's page breaking mechanism is somewhat delayed.
+
+Note, however, that |\pagesel| does not save any computing time.
+Paragraphs will be broken into lines and lines will be assembled into
+pages as usual.
+\sect{Start Macros}
+If you prepare a long paper you will usually want to process
+smaller parts of it, one at a time.
+This is always somewhat difficult but the following `start macros'
+should help you:\lb
+^|\startpage|\<number> for ^|\pageall| or\lb
+^|\startpage|\<prefix>|.|\<number> for ^|\pagechap| sets the number
+of the first page (as displayed on the LOG file),\lb
+^|\startchap|\<number> sets the number for the next chapter,\lb
+^|\startsect|\<number> sets the number for the next section,\lb
+^|\startappendix||`|\<character> sets the character for the
+next appendix,\lb
+^|\startequ|\<number> sets the number for the next equation,\lb
+^|\startfig|\<number> sets the number for the next figure,\lb
+^|\starttab|\<number> sets the number for the next table,\lb
+^|\startref|\<number> sets the number for the next reference and\lb
+^|\startfoot|\<number> sets the number for the next footnote.
+
+These start macros initialize various count registers, but you may
+still have to initialize other internal variables (e.g.\ the prefix
+for equation numbers) which is normally done by ^|\chap|, ^|\sect| or
+^|\appendix|.
+In order to do so use
+\pointbegin ^|\sectinit| if you want to \underbar{continue} a section
+within chapter~0,
+\point ^|\chapinit| if you want to \underbar{continue} any chapter
+except chapter~0, or
+\point ^|\appinit| if you want to \underbar{continue} an appendix.
+\sect{Save and Restore}
+If you want to process only one part of your manuscript but at the
+same time want to refer to equations, figures, tables and references
+defined in earlier parts you should use ^|\save|~\<filename>\vspace.
+{\TeX} maintains a list of all \<code~name>'s defined so far
+(except the names of references defined by ^|\RF| which have not yet
+been used).
+In order to save storage space you can use the commands\lb
+^|\kill|\<code~name> or |\kill{|\<code~name>|...|\<code~name>|}|\lb
+to delete \<code~name>'s which are no longer needed;
+they are removed from the list and the corresponding definitions
+are discarded.
+
+The command |\save| writes a sequence of commands to an external file
+(with file type ^{TEXSAVE}) which can be used to restore all
+definitions.
+First there is a sequence of commands specifying options,
+followed by start macros with appropriate arguments and macros which
+will
+restore the definitions of all \<code~name>'s on the list.
+Note, however, that the counts for subequations,
+((sub-)sub-)subsections and ((sub-)sub)points will
+neither be saved nor restored.
+
+To set up a job which starts at the point of the ^|\save|
+command you should
+\pointbegin respecify all private macro definitions
+\point repeat all definitions of references by ^|\RF|
+\point use the command ^|\restore|~\<filename>\vspace
+\foot{Sometimes it will be necessary to increase the page numer by
+one.
+The command |\startpage| should be followed by the page number of
+that page on which the text immediately following the |\save|
+command appears.}
+\point start whith the input right after the |\save| command.
+\par\noindent Finally if the text immediately after the |\save|
+command (e.g.\ a new chapter) doesn't start on a new page
+\point either start with the command ^|\vglue| (not |\vskip|)
+followed by the right dimension (e.g.\ `5.3cm') or
+insert commands to enforce a line and page break at the desired
+point:\lb
+^|\vadjust||{\endpage}\lb| for a page break in the middle of a paragraph
+or\lb
+^|\endpage| for a page break between paragraphs.
+\sect{Forward References}
+Usualy you can refer to a \<code~name> only after it has been defined
+and a value is assigned to it (^{backward reference}s).
+If you want to refer to something which is defined at a later point in
+the manuscript (^{forward reference}) you can use the command
+^|\crossrestore|~\<filename>{\vspace} (restore information for cross
+references) just before the begin of the actual text of the
+manuscript and the commands |\superendpage| and |\save| (with the
+same \<filename>)
+immediately before the command |\bye|.
+If you process your manuscript for the first time you will get
+an error message that the file for |\crossrestore| is missing and a
+%*** user exits *** % called before
+lot of \<code~name>'s will be undefined.
+The next time, when the file for |\crossrestore| is present, all these
+names will be defined in exactly the same way they were defined at
+the end of the previous run.
+There should be no more undefined \<code~name>'s unless they are
+misspelled or are defined nowhere in the manuscript.
+Clearly these definitions may not be accurate if you have meanwhile
+modified the manuscript; in this case forward references will not be
+accurate in the this run but backward references will allways be
+correct.
+\sect{User Exits}
+There are a few ^{user exits} which can be used for special
+applications.
+All user exits are named ^|\...userexit| and any argument(s) are
+contained in the token list register ^|\toks0|, ^|\toks2|, |...|~.
+
+The following list contains all user exits presently defined together
+with their default definition:
+%*** the following lines are copied from PHYSTEXT ***
+\beginttlines
+%*** user exits *** % called before
+
+\def\skipuserexit{\setbox0\box255 } % page is not printed
+\def\shipuserexit{\unvbox255 } % page is printed
+
+\def\chapuserexit{\sectuserexit} % chapter title
+\def\appuserexit{\chapuserexit} % appendix title
+\def\sectuserexit{\secsuserexit} % section title
+\def\secsuserexit{\secssuserexit} % subsection title
+\def\secssuserexit{\secsssuserexit} % subsubsection title
+\let\secsssuserexit=\relax % subsubsubsection title
+\endttlines
+They are all called immediately before the title of the chapter,
+appendix, section, {\dots} is printed.
+At this point |\toks0| contains (macros which will expand to) the
+number and |\toks2| contains the actual title.
+For an appendix |\toks0| will in addition contain the word `Appendix'
+or `Anhang' and |\toks2| may contain just `|\unskip|' if the appendix
+has no title.
+The following two examples show some details.
+
+Assume you want to remove the final dot in the (sub-)section
+number.
+In order to do that you have to define |\secsssuserexit|
+which will automatically be used for all higher exits up to
+|\sectuserexit| and you must make sure that this macro is not used
+for chapters and sections:
+\begintt
+\let\chapuserexit=\relax
+\def\secsssuserexit{\expandafter\myuserexit\the\toks0 }
+\def\myuserexit#1.{\toks0{#1}}
+\endtt
+
+Let us now consider a more complicated example.
+Suppose you want to start each chapter and appendix on a new
+page with two title lines in a huge font with 5mm extra space
+between them and 20mm extra space below and above.
+The first line shall contain the chapter or appendix number
+and the second line the actual title.
+Moreover the titles shall appear in the headline and a horizontal rule
+should be placed below the headline.
+You could, of course, write your own chapter and appendix
+macros for this purpose, taking care of things like resetting
+section numbers, possibly equation numbers ond so on.
+This might, however, cause incompatibilities with future
+changes of the PHYS macro package.
+It is, therefore, strongly recommended to use the appropriate
+user exits |\chapuserexit| and |\appuserexit| for this
+purpose.
+
+Below we give a sequence of commands which does all the required
+things.
+In order to understand them you have to know that immediately after
+the user exits the title line is printed with the command\lb
+|\ctrline{\titlestyle{\the\toks0\ \the\toks2}}|.\lb
+The use of |\mark|'s is not quite necessary in a situation where
+each chapter and appendix starts on a new page.
+The code around the marks is, however, necessary if there are titles
+with footnotes.
+\beginttlines
+\font\huge=ambx10 scaled\magstep3 % a huge font
+\toppagenum\chappage\althead \chapstretch=5cm
+\let\physskipheadline=\skipheadline % preserve old definition
+\def\skipheadline#1{\glet\skipheadrule#1% skip head line rule
+ \physskipheadline#1} % if headline is skipped
+\lheadtext={\firstmark} \rheadtext={\botmark}
+\let\physmakeheadline=\makeheadline % preserve old definition
+\def\makeheadline{\physmakeheadline % define new headline
+ \if F\skipheadrule \vbox to0mm{\vskip-8 mm\hrule
+ width \hsize \vss}\fi \nointerlineskip}
+\skipheadline=F % initialize \skipheadrule
+\def\titlestyle{\vadjust{\nobreak \vskip 5mm}\huge}
+\def\chapuserexit{\vglue 20mm%
+ \expandafter\ifx\expandafter\unskip\the\toks2 \toks4=\toks0
+ \else
+ \toks4={\unskip\egroup\egroup\ctrline\bgroup\titlestyle\bgroup}%
+ \edef\next{\the\toks4 \the\toks2}\toks4=\toks2
+ \toks2=\expandafter{\next}\fi
+ \bgroup\def\footnote{\expandafter\eat\eat}%
+ \let\hfootnote=\footnote % allow footnotes
+ \let\foot=\eat \let\hfoot=\eat % in title
+ \mark\expandafter{\the\toks4}\egroup
+ \toks2=\expandafter{\the\toks2\vadjust{\vskip 15mm}}}
+\endttlines
+
+\indent\bpargroup The two exits |\skipuserexit| and |\shipuserexit|
+are called by the output routine |\physoutput| when a page is skipped
+(due to |\pagesel|) or is prepared for printing.
+The index of this manual is printed in three columns by using these
+two exits without any change in |\physoutput|.
+
+%*** end of file PMANSEL ***
+% \input pmanack % acknowledgements
+%*** this is file PMANACK as of 06.03.86 ***
+\ack
+The authors have profited from many discussion with E. Belau,
+G. Raffelt and W. Wiedenmann.
+The present |\table| macro was originally designed by R. Schilling
+and many improvements at various places are due to discussions with him.
+Many macros descibed in this paper originate from macros for physics
+papers written at SLAC\null,
+some of them have been inspired by \AmSTeX.
+%*** end of file PMANACK ***
+% \input pmanopts % list of all options
+%*** this is file PMANOPTS as of 06.03.86 ***
+\appendix{List of all Options} ^^{options, list of all}
+This appendix lists all the options you can use with the
+PHYSE or PHYS formats.
+The default option is underlined unless otherwise indicated.
+
+The commands |\english| (default for PHYSE) or |\german| (default
+for PHYS) indicate that certain headings should be in english or
+german language (e.g.\ `Abstract' or `Zusammenfassung').
+
+You should choose \utt|\titlepage| or |\notitlepage| if the title of
+the paper etc.\ do or don't appear on a separate page which is
+terminated with |\endpage|.
+You can choose \utt|\botpagenum|, |\toppagenum| or |\nopagenum|
+to get page numbers printed at the bottom of each page,
+at the top of each page or to get no page numbers.
+In any case there will be no page number on the title page.
+You can choose \utt|\pageall| or |\pagechap| to get
+pages numbered throughout the paper or numbered separately for each
+chapter and appendix.
+The commands \utt|\portrait| and |\landscape| will switch between
+portrait and landscape format.
+In the later case the page numbers will have
+the number of the chapter or the letter of the appendix as prefix.
+\utt|\figpage| and |\nofigpage| indicate that the
+figure captions (if any) should or should not appear on one or
+several separate pages.
+The use of |\pagechap| forces them on separate pages in any case.
+The analogous commands \utt|\tabpage|, |\notabpage|,
+\utt|\refpage|, |\norefpage| and \utt|\footpage|, |\nofootpage|
+do exactly the same for the table captions, the list of references
+and (if applicable) the list of footnotes.
+
+You should use \utt|\chapters| or |\nochapters| if your
+paper does or does not contain chapters.
+Depending on other options this may influence the numbering of pages,
+equations, \dots\ .
+You should use \utt|\arabicchapnum| or |\romanchapnum| if you want
+the chapter numbers printed as arabic numbers or as (uppercase)
+roman numerals.
+You should use |\chappage| or \utt|\nochappage| if each chapter
+and appendix should or should not start on a new page.
+
+You can choose among |\equall|, \utt|\equchap| and
+|\equsect| if the equations should be numbered throughout the
+paper, for each chapter and appendix or for each section and appendix.
+Use |\equleft|, \utt|\equright|, or |\equnone| if the equation numbers
+should appear on the left side of the page, on the right side of
+the page, or should not be printed at all.
+You can choose |\equfull| or \utt|\equshort|
+to indicate that |\queq| should
+quote equation numbers in full or in abbreviated form (unless there is
+an explicit |\fulltag| or |\shorttag|).
+
+Use |\storebox|, \utt|\storelist| or |\storefile| if the
+figure captions, table captions, references and (possibly) footnotes
+shall be stored in boxes, as lists of macro definitions or on
+external files.
+
+Use \utt|\figall|, |\figchap| or |\figsect| if the figures should
+be numbered throughout the paper, for each chapter and appendix or
+for each section and appendix.
+Use \utt|\taball|, |\tabchap| or |\tabsect| if the tables should
+be numbered throughout the paper, for each chapter and appendix or
+for each section and appendix.
+
+Use \utt|\refsup| or |\refsqb| if quotations to references
+should appear as superscripts or enclosed in square brackets.
+Use \utt|\yearpage| or |\pageyear| if references generated
+by the macros for physics journals should appear in the form
+`journal {\bf volume} (year) page' or
+`journal {\bf volume}, page (year)'.
+
+Use \utt|\footbot| or |\footend| if `footnotes' should appear at
+the bottom of the page or at the end of the paper.
+Use \utt|\footsqb| or |\footpar| if you want footnote
+numbers enclosed in square brackets or followed by a parenthesis.
+This applies only to footnote numbers generated by |\foot|,
+not to the symbols which are given to |\footnote| as argument.
+
+%*** end of file PMANOPTS ***
+% \input pmanupdt % updates and corrections ...
+%*** this is file PMANUPDT as of 06.03.86 ***
+\appendix{Updates and Corrections to PHYS/PHYSE}
+\titcon{and Macro Libraries}
+\secs{Updates and Corrections to PHYS/PHYSE}
+The file PHYSUPDT TEX will contain ^{updates and corrections} of
+errors which are not yet implemented in the PHYS/PHYSE format.
+Therefore your {\TeX} input should start with the command
+|\input physupdt| in order to get all known errors corrected.
+In most cases you will, however, use a macro library and
+it is most convenient to put this command into the macro library.
+\secs{Private and Public Macro Libraries}
+It is recommended to organize ^{macro libraries} in a hierarchical
+fashion:
+\dashitem one public macro library which contains macros useful for
+all users at a computer or an institute.
+This library should start with the command |\input|~^|physupdt|.
+\dashitem one semi-public macro library for each larger group
+of users which should start with a command that reads the
+public macro library.
+\dashitem one private macro library for one user (or for several
+users working closely together) which should start with an
+|\input| command for the appropriate semi-public library.
+\secs{Macro Libraries at MPP}
+At present we use the following public and semi-public macro
+libraries:
+\secss{The File MPPMAC} ^^|mppmac|
+This library starts with |\input|~|physupdt| and contains macros
+which should be useful for everybody at the Max-Plack-Institut f\"ur
+Physik.\lb
+^|\mppnum| to generate an MPP preprint or report number and\lb
+^|\mppaddress| to generate the MPP address on the title page\lb
+are described elsewhere in this manual and are needed in order
+to produce a copy of this manual from the {\TeX} source.
+
+In addition there is a command\lb
+^|\letter||{|\<name>|}{|\<phone>|}{|\<address>|}|\lb
+which will produce an MPP letter head with your \<name> and
+\<phone> and the \<address> of the recipient.
+As usual different lines in this address are separated by |\\|.
+There are actually two such commands, |\letterL| for output
+on a LasergrafiX and |\letterC| for output on a Canon laser printer,
+because none of the large fonts is available for both devices.
+|\letter| is just a synonym for |\letterL|.
+
+\secss{The File CELMAC} ^^|celmac|
+This library starts with |\input|~|mppmac| and contains additional
+macros useful for the CELLO group at MPP\null.
+If you use this library the following additional macros are defined:\lb
+^|\Znull|, ^|\Wplus|, ^|\Wminus|, ^|\Wpm|, etc..
+
+\secss{The File THEMAC} ^^|themac|
+This library starts with |\input|~|mppmac| and contains additional
+macros useful for the THEORY group at MPP\null.
+If you use this library the following additional macros are defined:\lb
+^|\pthnum||{|\dots|}| instead of |\mppnum{PTh |\dots|}| and\lb
+^|\pthdate| instead of and |\pubdate|.
+
+The following additional macros for physics journals are defined in
+this file:
+^^|\AP|^^|\CMP|^^|\JMP|^^|\PRep|^^|\RMP|^^|\TMF|
+%*** the following lines are copied from THEMAC ***
+\beginttlines
+\def\AP{\journal{Ann.\ \Phys}}
+\def\CMP{\journal{Commun.\ \Math\Phys}}
+\def\JMP{\journal{J.\ \Math\Phys}}
+\def\PRep{\journal{\Phys Rep.\ }}
+\def\RMP{\journal{\Rev Mod.\ \Phys}}
+\def\TMF{\journal{Teor.\ Mat.\ Fiz.\ }}
+\endttlines
+%*** end of file PMANUPDT ***
+% \input pmanmacs % macro expansions, arguments, ...
+%*** this is file PMANMAC as of 06.03.86 ***
+\appendix{Macro Expansions, Arguments and Category Codes}
+In this appendix we have to treat some sublteties which may become
+important to someone designing somewhat more complicated macros.
+Most users should skip this appendix, at least when reading this
+manual for the first time.
+
+It was said earlier that code names may consist of letters,
+digits and apostrophes whereas usually {\TeX}'s control word
+names consist of letters only.
+The way this can be done is by temporarily declaring the
+digits and the apostrophe to be letters while the code name
+is read.
+Since {\TeX} decides which characters are letters when they
+are first read from the input file it is important that
+e.g.\ the argument `|\Author81|' of |\quref{\Author81}| is
+read by the macro |\quref| which temporarily causes the
+digits |8| and |1| to behave as letters.
+Things will clearly go wrong if you use something like\lb
+|\def\xxx#1{#1}|\dots|\xxx{|\dots|\quref{\Author81}|\dots|}|\lb
+because then `|\Author81|' is read as part of |\xxx|'s
+argument as control word `|\Author|' (probably undefined)
+followed by the digits `|81|'.
+(Compare Chapter~7: How {\TeX} Reads What You Type,
+Chapter~20: Definitions (also called Macros), and
+Appendix~D: Dirty Tricks of the {\TeX}book\quref{\texbook}
+for more details.)
+
+Consider the macro definition |\def\line{\hbox to\hsize}|.
+After expanding and processing the macro |\line|, which has
+no argument, {\TeX} continues to read input characters and
+expand macros and expects to find a left brace (either an
+explicit one (|{|) or an implicit one (|\bgroup|)) which
+starts a new level of grouping.
+{\TeX} continues to read and expand input until eventually a matching
+right brace is found at which point the horizontal list
+built so far is put into an |\hbox| of width |\hsize|.
+The input commands\lb
+|\line{abc}| or |\line\bgroup abc\egroup| or\lb
+|\def\xx{{abc}}\line\xx| or even things like\lb
+|\line{abc\egroup| or |\def\xxx{\bgroup abc}\line\xxx}|\lb
+would all give the same result.
+The commands\lb
+|\def\zzz{\egroup\line\bgroup}\line{abc\zzz def}|\lb
+would even produce two lines.
+The input\lb
+|\def\yy{abc}\line\yy|\lb
+would, however, be wrong and would lead to an error message.
+
+Things are quite different with PLAIN's macro definition\lb
+|\def\leftline#1{\line{#1\hss}}|\lb
+because (with this definition) |\leftline| has one argument.
+After reading the macro |\leftline| {\TeX} reads its
+argument (without any macro expansion) and will subsequently
+substitute this argument whenever there is a |#1| in the
+replacement text.
+Braces around a complex argument must be explicit and do not
+provide a new level of grouping.
+The input commands\lb
+|\leftline{abc}| or |\def\yy{abc}\leftline\yy|\lb
+would, therefore, give the same result.
+The input\lb
+|\leftline\bgroup abc\egroup|\lb
+would, however, be wrong (the argument would be `|\bgroup|')
+and would produce a quite different result.
+
+We are here mostly concerned with code names.
+The construction\lb
+|\line{|\dots|\quref{\Author81}|\dots|}|\lb
+works fine because |\Author81| will be read after expanding
+the macro |\quref| as usual.
+The construction\lb
+|\leftline{|\dots|\quref{\Author81}|\dots|}|\lb
+(with PLAIN's definition of |\leftline|) would however fail,
+because |\Author81| is read ahead of time as part of the
+argument for |\leftline|.
+It is exactly for this reason that the macros ^|\leftline|,
+^|\rightline|, ^|\centerline|, ^|\rlap| and ^|\llap| have been
+redefined in PHYS such that the above construction does what
+it is assumed to do.
+The original definitions, which are slightly faster, are
+still available under the names ^|\plainleftline|,
+^|\plainrightline|, ^|\plaincenterline|, ^|\plainrlap| and
+^|\plainllap|.
+%*** end of file PMANMAC ***
+% \input pmanold % compatibility with the older version (0.95) ...
+%*** this is file PMANOLD as of 06.03.86 ***
+\appendix{Compatibility with the older Version (0.95) of PHYS}
+The present version 1.0 of the PHYS/PHYSE format is not entirely
+compatible with the previous one (0.95).
+The main incompatibilities are:
+\pointbegin the option ^|\equold| is no longer supported
+\point the ^|\table| macro
+\par\noindent
+You can, however, still use the old (0.8) form of equation numbers
+if you use the command |\input|~^|equold| instead of the option
+|\equold|.
+
+The new |\table| macro is based on the example on page 247
+(Chapter~22: Alignment) of the {\TeX}book \quref{\texbook}
+whereas the old macro was based on the example on page 392
+(Appendix~D: Dirty Tricks).
+The new macro is more flexible but sometimes you may want
+to still use the old one.
+In order to do so you can use the command |\input|~^|oldtabl|
+to read the old macro definition.
+Once this is done you can use ^|\oldtable| (default after
+|\input|~|oldtabl|) or ^|\newtable| to indicate that |\table| shall
+be the old or the new table macro.
+
+The syntax of the old |\table| macro is\lb
+|\table|\<box~specification>|{|\<alignment~material>|}|\lb
+with the following restrictions:
+\pointbegin The alignment preamble must terminate with |\cr|,
+not with |\crcr|, and the table must contain at least one row
+of aligned items.
+\point The last row of the table must contain the maximal number of
+columns (you can add empty entries if necessary)
+\point Every row of the table should contain a |\strut|
+to ensure the correct vertical spacing.
+It is in fact advisable to have a strut in each table entry in order
+to avoid `underfull hbox'es.
+\point The alignment material should not contain |\noalign|.
+All horizontal rules should be produced with |\tabrule|
+right after the corresponding |\cr|.
+\point The vertical rules are put into the middle of the tabskip glue
+and the parts of the tabskip glue to the left of the leftmost rule
+and to the right of the rightmost rule are cut off.
+If the initial tabskip is zero (default) |\table| inserts its own
+value (24.4pt plus 24pt minus 12pt, .4pt are for the width of the
+vrule).
+You can modify the value of tabskip in the alignment preamble,
+but you should know exactly what you are doing.
+Irrespective of your modifications |\table| will use the same
+tabskip value after the last column as before the first column.
+\point If you want to omit a vertical rule use |\omitrule| in the
+alignment preamble, either immediately after the `|{|' or
+immediately before an `|&|' or the `|\cr|'.
+%*** end of file PMANOLD ***
+
+\nofigpage\figout % print figure captions on same page
+\notabpage\tabout % print table captions on same page
+\norefpage\refout % print references on same page
+\nofootpage\footout % print footnotes on same page (\footbot)
+
+\startindex %make the index
+\triplecolumn\tenpoint
+\makeindex
+\singlecolumn
+
+\endpage\startpage-3\singlespace
+\tocpage\tocout % print table of contents on new page
+\bye % end of the TEX job
+%*** end of file PMANUAL ***
+
diff --git a/macros/physe/physe.tex b/macros/physe/physe.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1aa5803d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/physe/physe.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,2024 @@
+%FORMAT plaine % use PLAINE format
+%*** this is file PHYSE as of 11.02.86 ***
+% \input physorg % macros for physics papers
+%*** this is file PHYSORG as of 14.03.86 ***
+%*** PHYSORG Version 1.00 ***
+
+\message{Preloading the phys format:}
+
+% I make @ signs act like letters, temporarily, to avoid conflict
+% with user-defined control sequences in certain cases.
+
+\catcode`\@=11
+
+\chardef\f@ur=4
+\chardef\l@tter=11
+\chardef\@ther=12
+\toksdef\toks@i=1 % global only
+\toksdef\toks@ii=2
+\newtoks\emptyt@ks % permanently empty token list register
+
+\def\glet{\global\let}
+\def\gz@#1{\global#1\z@}
+\def\gm@ne#1{\global#1\m@ne}
+\def\g@ne#1{\global\advance#1\@ne}
+
+\def\@height{height} % save token space
+\def\@depth{depth} % (5 or 6 tokens at the cost
+\def\@width{width} % of one macro expansion)
+
+\def\@plus{plus} % save
+\def\@minus{minus} % token space
+
+\message{macros for text,}
+
+% \input physmain
+
+%*** this is file PHYSMAIN as of 07.03.86 ***
+%*** macros for text ***
+
+% allow the construction `\loop ... \if... ... \else ... \repeat'
+\def\loop#1\repeat{\def\iter@te{#1\expandafter\iter@te \fi}\iter@te
+ \let\iter@te\undefined}
+\let\iterate=\undefined
+
+\def\par{\ifhmode \unpenalty\unskip \fi \endgraf}
+\def\lb{\hfil\break}
+\def\endpage{\par \vfil \eject}
+\def\superendpage{\par \vfil \supereject}
+
+%*** allow change of \catcodes's inside \leftline, ...
+
+\let\plainleftline=\leftline % rename \leftline from PLAIN
+\let\plainrightline=\rightline % rename \rightline from PLAIN
+\let\plaincenterline=\centerline % rename \centerline from PLAIN
+
+\def\leftline{\@line\hsize\empty\hss}
+\def\rightline{\@line\hsize\hss\empty}
+\def\centerline{\@line\hsize\hss\hss}
+
+\let\plainrlap=\rlap % rename \rlap from PLAIN
+\let\plainllap=\llap % rename \llap from PLAIN
+
+\def\rlap{\@line\z@\empty\hss}
+\def\llap{\@line\z@\hss\empty}
+
+\def\lftline{\@line\hsize\empty\hfil}
+\def\rtline{\@line\hsize\hfil\empty}
+\def\ctrline{\@line\hsize\hfil\hfil}
+
+\def\@line#1#2#3{\hbox to#1\bgroup#2\let\n@xt#3%
+ \afterassignment\@@line \setbox\z@\hbox}
+\def\@@line{\aftergroup\@@@line}
+\def\@@@line{\unhbox\z@ \n@xt\egroup}
+
+\def\after@arg#1{\bgroup\aftergroup#1\afterassignment\after@@arg\@eat}
+\def\after@@arg{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\n@xt\else \n@xt\egroup \fi}
+\def\@eat{\let\n@xt= } % eat one token
+\def\eat#1{} % eat one argument
+\def\@eat@#1{\@eat} % eat one argument and one token
+
+%*** phantom and smash ***
+
+\def\begin@{\ifmmode \expandafter\mathpalette\expandafter\math@ \else
+ \expandafter\make@ \fi}
+\def\make@#1{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\fin@}
+\def\math@#1#2{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\m@th#1{#2}$}\fin@}
+
+\def\ph@nt{\let\fin@\finph@nt \begin@}
+\let\makeph@nt=\undefined
+\let\mathph@nt=\undefined
+
+\newif\ift@ \newif\ifb@
+\def\topsmash{\t@true\b@false\sm@sh}
+\def\botsmash{\t@false\b@true\sm@sh}
+\def\smash{\t@true\b@true\sm@sh}
+\def\sm@sh{\let\fin@\finsm@sh \begin@}
+\let\makesm@sh=\undefined
+\let\mathsm@sh=\undefined
+\def\finsm@sh{\ift@\ht\z@\z@\fi \ifb@\dp\z@\z@\fi \box\z@}
+
+%*** boxit ***
+
+\newdimen\boxitsep \boxitsep=5pt
+
+\def\boxit{\fboxit{.4}}
+\def\fboxit#1#2{\hbox{\vrule \@width#1\p@
+ \vtop{\vbox{\hrule \@height#1\p@ \vskip\boxitsep
+ \hbox{\hskip\boxitsep #2\hskip\boxitsep}}%
+ \vskip\boxitsep \hrule \@height#1\p@}\vrule \@width#1\p@}}
+
+%*** active characters `:,`; and `^^M ***
+
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\:=\active
+ \lccode`\*=`\\ \lowercase{\gdef:{*}} % `: -> `\
+ \catcode`\;=\active
+ \lccode`\* `\% \lowercase{\gdef;{*}} % `; -> `%
+ \catcode`\^^M=\active \glet^^M=\space % `^^M -> \space
+\endgroup
+
+%*** comment ***
+
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\:=\active
+ \outer\gdef\comment{\begingroup
+ \catcode`\\\@ther \catcode`\%\@ther \catcode`\^^M\@ther
+ \catcode`\{\@ther \catcode`\}\@ther \catcode`\#\@ther
+ \wlog{* input between `:comment' and `:endcomment' ignored *}
+ \c@mment}
+\endgroup
+{\lccode`\:=`\\ \lccode`\;=`\^^M
+ \lowercase{\gdef\c@mment#1;{\c@@mment:endcomment*}}}
+\def\c@@mment#1#2*#3{\if #1#3\ifx @#2@ \let\n@xt\endgroup \else
+ \def\n@xt{\c@@mment#2*}\fi \else \def\n@xt{\c@mment#3}\fi \n@xt}
+\let\endcomment=\relax % avoid errmessage for unmatched \endcomment
+
+\message{date and time,}
+
+%*** language ***
+
+\newcount\langu@ge
+
+\outer\def\english{\gm@ne\langu@ge}
+\outer\def\german{\gz@\langu@ge}
+
+\def\case@language#1{\ifcase\expandafter\langu@ge #1\fi}
+\def\case@abbr#1{{\let\nodot\n@dot\case@language{#1}.~}}
+\def\n@dot{\expandafter\eat}
+\let\nodot=\empty
+
+%*** date and time ***
+
+\def\themonth{\xdef\themonth{\noexpand\case@language
+ {\ifcase\month \or Jannuar\or Februar\or M\noexpand\"arz\or April\or
+ Mai\or Juni\or Juli\or August\or September\or Oktober\or November\or
+ Dezember\fi
+ \noexpand\else
+ \ifcase\month \or January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or
+ June\or July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or
+ December\fi}}\themonth}
+
+\def\thedate{\case@language{\else\themonth\ }\number\day
+ \case@language{.\ \themonth \else ,} \number\year}
+
+\def\date{\number\day.\,\number\month.\,\number\year}
+
+%*** \thetime is defined twice, once if this file is read
+
+\count@\time \divide\count@60 \edef\thetime{\the\count@ :}
+\multiply\count@-60\advance\count@\time
+\edef\thetime{\thetime \ifnum10>\count@ 0\fi \the\count@}
+
+% and once if a dump file is loaded ***
+
+\everyjob={%
+ \count@\time \divide\count@60 \edef\thetime{\the\count@ :}%
+ \multiply\count@-60\advance\count@\time
+ \edef\thetime{\thetime \ifnum10>\count@ 0\fi \the\count@}%
+ \everyjob{}}
+%*** end of file PHYSMAIN ***
+
+\message{spacing, fonts and sizes,}
+
+% \input physfont
+%*** this is file PHYSFONT as of 14.03.86 ***
+%*** spacing parameters ***
+
+\newskip\refbetweenskip \newskip\chskiptamount
+\newskip\chskiplamount \newskip\secskipamount
+\newskip\footnotebaselineskip \newskip\interfootnoteskip
+
+\newdimen\chapstretch \chapstretch=2.5cm
+\newcount\chappenalty \chappenalty=-800
+\newdimen\sectstretch \sectstretch=2cm
+\newcount\sectpenalty \sectpenalty=-400
+
+\def\chskipt{\chapbreak \vskip\chskiptamount}
+\def\chskipl{\nobreak \vskip\chskiplamount}
+\def\unchskip{\vskip-\chskiplamount}
+\def\secskipt{\sectbreak \vskip\secskipamount}
+\def\chapbreak{\vskip\z@\@plus\chapstretch \penalty\chappenalty
+ \vskip\z@\@plus-\chapstretch}
+\def\sectbreak{\vskip\z@\@plus\sectstretch \penalty\sectpenalty
+ \vskip\z@\@plus-\sectstretch}
+
+%*** fonts ***
+
+%*** load am... or cm... fonts according to PLAIN's selection ***
+
+\begingroup \lccode`\*=`\r
+ \lowercase{\def\n@xt#1*#2@{#1}
+ \xdef\font@sel{\expandafter\n@xt\fontname\tenrm*@}}\endgroup
+
+\message{loading \font@sel\space fonts,}
+
+\font\twelverm=\font@sel r10 scaled \magstep1 % roman text
+%\font\tenrm=\font@sel r10 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\ninerm=\font@sel r9
+\font\eightrm=\font@sel r8
+%\font\sevenrm=\font@sel r7 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\sixrm=\font@sel r6
+%\font\fiverm=\font@sel r5 % already defined in PLAIN
+
+\font\twelvei=\font@sel mi10 scaled\magstep1
+ \skewchar\twelvei='177 % math italic
+%\font\teni=\font@sel mi10 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\ninei=\font@sel mi9 \skewchar\ninei='177
+\font\eighti=\font@sel mi8 \skewchar\eighti='177
+%\font\seveni=\font@sel mi7 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\sixi=\font@sel mi6 \skewchar\sixi='177
+%\font\fivei=\font@sel mi5 % already defined in PLAIN
+
+\font\twelvesy=\font@sel sy10 scaled \magstep1
+ \skewchar\twelvesy='60 % math symbols
+%\font\tensy=\font@sel sy10 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\ninesy=\font@sel sy9 \skewchar\ninesy='60
+\font\eightsy=\font@sel sy8 \skewchar\eightsy='60
+%\font\sevensy=\font@sel sy7 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\sixsy=\font@sel sy6 \skewchar\sixsy='60
+%\font\fivesy=\font@sel sy5 % already defined in PLAIN
+
+%\font\tenex=\font@sel ex10 % math extension already defined in PLAIN
+
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel ss10 % sans serif
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel ssq8
+
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel ssi10 % sans serif italic
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel ssqi8
+
+\font\twelvebf=\font@sel bx10 scaled \magstep1 % boldface extended
+%\font\tenbf=\font@sel bx10 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\ninebf=\font@sel bx9
+\font\eightbf=\font@sel bx8
+%\font\sevenbf=\font@sel bx7 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\sixbf=\font@sel bx6
+%\font\fivebf=\font@sel bx5 % already defined in PLAIN
+
+\font\twelvett=\font@sel tt10 scaled \magstep1 % typewriter
+%\font\tentt=\font@sel tt10 % typewriter already defined in PLAIN
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel tt9
+\font\eighttt=\font@sel tt8
+
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel sltt10 % slanted typewriter
+
+\font\twelvesl=\font@sel sl10 scaled \magstep1 % slanted roman
+%\font\tensl=\font@sel sl10 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\ninesl=\font@sel sl9
+\font\eightsl=\font@sel sl8
+\let\sixsl=\eightsl % there is no sl6 font
+\let\fivesl=\sixsl % there is no sl5 font
+
+\font\twelveit=\font@sel ti10 scaled \magstep1 % text italic
+%\font\tenit=\font@sel ti10 % already defined in PLAIN
+\font\nineit=\font@sel ti9
+\font\eightit=\font@sel ti8
+\font\sevenit=\font@sel ti7
+\let\sixit=\sevenit % there is no ti6 font
+\let\fiveit=\sixit % there is no ti5 font
+
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel u10 % unslanted text italic
+
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel bi10 % bold math italic
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel bsy10 % bold math symbols
+
+\font\twelvecsc=\font@sel csc10 scaled \magstep1 % caps and small caps
+\font\tencsc=\font@sel csc10
+\let\eightcsc=\tencsc % there is no csc8 font
+
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel ssbx10 % sans serif bold extended
+
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel dunh10 % Dunhill style
+
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel r7 scaled \magstep4 % for titles
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel tt10 scaled \magstep2
+%\font\preloaded=\font@sel ssbx10 scaled \magstep2
+
+%\font\preloaded=manfnt % METAFONT logo and dragon curve
+ % and special symbols
+
+%*** sizes ***
+
+\def\twelvepoint{\twelve@point
+ \let\normal@spacing\twelve@spacing \set@spacing}
+\def\tenpoint{\ten@point
+ \let\normal@spacing\ten@spacing \set@spacing}
+\def\eightpoint{\eight@point
+ \let\normal@spacing\eight@spacing \set@spacing}
+
+\def\rm{\fam\z@ \@fam}
+\def\mit{\fam\@ne}
+\def\oldstyle{\mit \@fam}
+\def\cal{\fam\tw@}
+\def\it{\fam\itfam \@fam}
+\def\sl{\fam\slfam \@fam}
+\def\bf{\fam\bffam \@fam}
+\def\tt{\fam\ttfam \@fam}
+\def\caps{\@caps}
+\def\@fam{\the\textfont\fam}
+
+%*** fonts for sizes ***
+
+\def\twelve@point{\set@fonts twelve ten eight }
+\def\ten@point{\set@fonts ten eight six }
+\def\eight@point{\set@fonts eight six five }
+
+\def\set@fonts#1 #2 #3 {\textfont\ttfam\csname#1tt\endcsname
+ \edef\n@xt{\csname#1csc\endcsname}%
+ \expandafter\let\expandafter\@caps\n@xt
+ \def\n@xt##1##2{\textfont##1\csname#1##2\endcsname
+ \scriptfont##1\csname#2##2\endcsname
+ \scriptscriptfont##1\csname#3##2\endcsname}%
+ \set@@fonts}
+\def\set@@fonts{\n@xt0{rm}\n@xt1i\n@xt2{sy}%
+ \textfont3\tenex \scriptfont3\tenex \scriptscriptfont3\tenex
+ \n@xt\itfam{it}\n@xt\slfam{sl}\n@xt\bffam{bf}\rm}
+
+%*** spacing for sizes ***
+
+\def\singlespace{\chardef\@spacing\z@ \set@spacing}
+\def\doublespace{\chardef\@spacing\@ne \set@spacing}
+\def\triplespace{\chardef\@spacing\tw@ \set@spacing}
+\chardef\@spacing=1 % \doublespace
+
+\def\set@spacing{\toks@\expandafter{\spacing@names @}%
+ \expandafter\set@@spacing\normal@spacing \normalbaselines}
+\def\set@@spacing{\expandafter\set@@@spacing\the\toks@\@@}
+\def\set@@@spacing#1#2\@@{\ifx #1@\else\toks@{#2}%
+ \expandafter\set@@@@spacing\expandafter#1\fi}
+\def\set@@@@spacing#1#2+#3*{#1#3\multiply#1\@spacing
+ \advance#1#2\set@@spacing}
+
+\def\normalbaselines{\lineskip\normallineskip
+ \setbaselineskip\normalbaselineskip
+ \lineskiplimit\normallineskiplimit}
+
+\def\setbaselineskip{\afterassignment\set@strut \baselineskip}
+\def\set@strut{\setbox\strutbox\spacer\z@\baselineskip}
+
+\def\spacer{\hbox\bgroup \afterassignment\x@spacer \dimen@}
+\def\x@spacer{\ifdim\dimen@=\z@\else \hskip\dimen@ \fi
+ \afterassignment\y@spacer \dimen@}
+\def\y@spacer{\setbox\z@\hbox{$\vcenter{\vskip\dimen@}$}%
+ \vrule \@height\ht\z@ \@depth\dp\z@ \@width\z@ \egroup}
+
+\def\spacing@names{% list of all variable spacing parameters
+ \normalbaselineskip
+ \normallineskip
+ \normallineskiplimit
+ \footnotebaselineskip
+ \interfootnoteskip
+ \parskip
+ \refbetweenskip
+ \abovedisplayskip
+ \belowdisplayskip
+ \abovedisplayshortskip
+ \belowdisplayshortskip
+ \chskiptamount
+ \chskiplamount
+ \secskipamount
+ }
+
+\def\twelve@spacing{% parameters and increments for twelvepoint
+ 14\p@ +5\p@ *%\normalbaselineskip
+ \p@ +\z@ *%\normallineskip
+ \z@ +\z@ *%\normallineskiplimit
+ 14\p@ +\p@ *%\footnotebaselineskip
+ 20\p@ +\z@ *%\interfootnoteskip
+ 5\p@\@plus\p@ +-2\p@ *%\parskip
+ \z@ +6\p@ *%\refbetweenskip
+ 8\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus3\p@ +%
+ 4\p@\@plus3\p@\@minus5\p@ *%\abovedisplayskip
+ 8\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus3\p@ +%
+ 4\p@\@plus3\p@\@minus5\p@ *%\belowdisplayskip
+ \p@\@plus2\p@\@minus\p@ +%
+ 4\p@\@plus3\p@\@minus2\p@ *%\abovedisplayshortskip
+ 8\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus3\p@ +%
+ \p@\@plus2\p@\@minus2\p@ *%\belowdisplayshortskip
+ 20\p@\@plus5\p@ +\z@ *%\chskiptamount
+ 5.5\p@ +\z@ *%\chskiplamount
+ 6\p@\@plus2\p@ +\z@ *%\secskipamount
+ }
+
+\def\ten@spacing{% parameters and increments for tenpoint
+ 11\p@ +4.5\p@ *%\normalbaselineskip
+ \p@ +\z@ *%\normallineskip
+ \z@ +\z@ *%\normallineskiplimit
+ 12\p@ +\p@ *%\footnotebaselineskip
+ 16\p@ +\z@ *%\interfootnoteskip
+ 5\p@\@plus\p@ +-2\p@ *%\parskip
+ \z@ +5\p@ *%\refbetweenskip
+ 8\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus3\p@ +%
+ 4\p@\@plus3\p@\@minus5\p@ *%\abovedisplayskip
+ 8\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus3\p@ +%
+ 4\p@\@plus3\p@\@minus5\p@ *%\belowdisplayskip
+ \p@\@plus2\p@\@minus\p@ +%
+ 4\p@\@plus3\p@\@minus2\p@ *%\abovedisplayshortskip
+ 8\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus3\p@ +%
+ \p@\@plus2\p@\@minus2\p@ *%\belowdisplayshortskip
+ 20\p@\@plus5\p@ +\z@ *%\chskiptamount
+ 5.5\p@ +\z@ *%\chskiplamount
+ 6\p@\@plus2\p@ +\z@ *%\secskipamount
+ }
+
+\def\eight@spacing{% parameters and increments for eightpoint
+ 9\p@ +3.5\p@ *%\normalbaselineskip
+ \p@ +\z@ *%\normallineskip
+ \z@ +\z@ *%\normallineskiplimit
+ 10\p@ +\p@ *%\footnotebaselineskip
+ 14\p@ +\z@ *%\interfootnoteskip
+ 5\p@\@plus\p@ +-2\p@ *%\parskip
+ \z@ +5\p@ *%\refbetweenskip
+ 8\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus3\p@ +%
+ 4\p@\@plus3\p@\@minus5\p@ *%\abovedisplayskip
+ 8\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus3\p@ +%
+ 4\p@\@plus3\p@\@minus5\p@ *%\belowdisplayskip
+ \p@\@plus2\p@\@minus\p@ +%
+ 4\p@\@plus3\p@\@minus2\p@ *%\abovedisplayshortskip
+ 8\p@\@plus2\p@\@minus3\p@ +%
+ \p@\@plus2\p@\@minus2\p@ *%\belowdisplayshortskip
+ 20\p@\@plus5\p@ +\z@ *%\chskiptamount
+ 5.5\p@ +\z@ *%\chskiplamount
+ 6\p@\@plus2\p@ +\z@ *%\secskipamount
+ }
+
+\twelvepoint
+
+%*** macros for sizes ***
+
+\def\large{\par \bgroup \twelvepoint \after@arg\@size}
+\def\medium{\par \bgroup \tenpoint \after@arg\@size}
+\def\small{\par \bgroup \eightpoint \after@arg\@size}
+\def\@size{\par \egroup}
+
+\def\LARGE#1{{\twelve@point #1}}
+\def\MEDIUM#1{{\ten@point #1}}
+\def\SMALL#1{{\eight@point #1}}
+%*** end of file PHYSFONT ***
+
+\message{texts, headings and styles,}
+
+% \input phystext
+%*** this is file PHYSTEXT as of 06.03.86 ***
+%*** texts and headings ***
+
+\def\submittextone{Zur Ver\"offentlichung in\else Submitted to}
+\def\submittexttwo{ eingereicht\else}
+\def\abstracthead{Zusammenfassung\else Abstract}
+\def\ackhead{Danksagung\else Acknowledgements}
+\def\appendixhead{Anhang\else Appendix}
+\def\eqabbr{Gl\else eq}
+\def\eqsabbr{Gln\else eqs}
+\def\figpref{Abb\else Fig}
+\def\fighead{Abbildungen\else Figure captions}
+\def\figabbr{Bild\nodot\else Fig}
+\def\tabpref{Tab\else Tab}
+\def\tabhead{Tabellen\else Table captions}
+\let\tababbr=\tabpref
+\def\refpref{Lit\else Ref}
+\def\refhead{Literaturverzeichnis\else References}
+\def\refabbr{???\else Ref}
+\def\refsabbr{????\else Refs}
+\def\tocpref{Inh\else Toc}
+\def\tochead{Inhaltsverzeichnis\else Table of contents}
+\def\footpref{Anm\else Foot}
+\def\foothead{Anmerkungen\else Footnotes}
+\def\prfhead{Beweis\else Proof}
+
+%*** styles ***
+
+\def\UPPERCASE#1{\edef\n@xt{#1}\uppercase\expandafter{\n@xt}}
+
+\let\headlinestyle=\twelverm
+\let\footlinestyle=\twelverm
+\let\pagestyle=\twelverm % page numbers
+\let\titlestyle=\bf % title of paper, chapters, appendices
+\let\authorstyle=\caps
+\let\addressstyle=\sl
+\let\sectstyle=\caps % section titles
+\def\secsstyle{\sectstyle}
+\def\secssstyle{\secsstyle}
+\def\secsssstyle{\secssstyle}
+\def\subsecstyle#1{\hbox{$\underline{\hbox{#1}}$\enskip}\ignorespaces}
+\let\headstyle=\UPPERCASE % headlines for list of figure capts. etc
+\let\captionstyle=\it % figure and table captions
+\let\journalstyle=\sl
+\let\volumestyle=\bf
+\let\figstyle=\empty % list of figure captions
+\def\figindent{to4em}
+\def\figbreak{\goodbreak \vskip\refbetweenskip}
+\let\tabstyle=\empty % list of table captions
+\let\tabindent=\figindent
+\let\tabbreak=\figbreak
+\let\refstyle=\empty % list of references
+\let\refindent=\figindent
+\def\namrefindent{2em}
+\def\refbreak{\filbreak \vskip\refbetweenskip}
+\let\tocstyle=\empty % table of contents
+\let\tocindent=\empty
+\let\tocbreak=\refbreak
+\let\footstyle=\empty % (list of) footnotes
+\let\footindent=\figindent
+\let\footbreak=\figbreak
+\let\stmttitlestyle=\bf % mathematical statements
+\let\stmtstyle=\sl
+\let\prftitlestyle=\caps
+\let\prfstyle=\sl
+
+%*** user exits *** % called before
+
+\def\skipuserexit{\setbox\z@\box\@cclv} % page is not printed
+\def\shipuserexit{\unvbox\@cclv} % page is printed
+
+\def\chapuserexit{\sectuserexit} % chapter title
+\def\appuserexit{\chapuserexit} % appendix title
+\def\sectuserexit{\secsuserexit} % section title
+\def\secsuserexit{\secssuserexit} % subsection title
+\def\secssuserexit{\secsssuserexit} % subsubsection title
+\let\secsssuserexit=\relax % subsubsubsection title
+%*** end of file PHYSTEXT ***
+
+\message{page numbers and output,}
+
+% \input physpage
+%*** this is file PHYSPAGE as of 13.03.86 ***
+%*** page numbers and pagesel ***
+
+\newcount\firstp@ge \firstp@ge=-10000
+\newcount\lastp@ge \lastp@ge=10000
+\outer\def\pagesel#1#2{\global\firstp@ge#1 \global\lastp@ge#2
+ \wlog{(* pages #1-#2 selected for printing,
+ others will be skipped *)}}
+
+\newbox\pageb@x
+
+\outer\def\toppagenum{\glet\page@tbn T%
+ \glet\headb@x\pageb@x \glet\footb@x\voidb@x}
+\outer\def\botpagenum{\glet\page@tbn B%
+ \glet\headb@x\voidb@x \glet\footb@x\pageb@x}
+\outer\def\nopagenum{\glet\page@tbn N%
+ \glet\headb@x\voidb@x \glet\footb@x\voidb@x}
+
+\outer\def\lefthead{\glet\head@lrac L}
+\outer\def\righthead{\glet\head@lrac R}
+\outer\def\althead{\glet\head@lrac A}
+\outer\def\centhead{\glet\head@lrac C}
+\outer\def\leftfoot{\glet\foot@lrac L}
+\outer\def\rightfoot{\glet\foot@lrac R}
+\outer\def\altfoot{\glet\foot@lrac A}
+\outer\def\centfoot{\glet\foot@lrac C}
+
+\newtoks\lheadtext \newtoks\cheadtext \newtoks\rheadtext
+\newtoks\lfoottext \newtoks\cfoottext \newtoks\rfoottext
+
+\headline={\headlinestyle \head@foot\skip@head\head@lrac
+ \lheadtext\cheadtext\rheadtext\headb@x}
+\footline={\footlinestyle \head@foot\skip@foot\foot@lrac
+ \lfoottext\cfoottext\rfoottext\footb@x}
+\lheadtext={} \cheadtext={} \rheadtext={}
+\lfoottext={} \cfoottext={} \rfoottext={}
+
+\newbox\page@strut
+\setbox\page@strut\hbox{\vrule \@height 15mm\@depth 10mm\@width \z@}
+
+\def\head@foot#1#2#3#4#5#6{\unhcopy\page@strut
+ \if#1T\hfil \else
+ \if#2C\head@@foot{\the#3}{\copy#6}{\the#5}\else
+ \if#2A\ifodd\pageno \let#2R\else \let#2L\fi \fi
+ \if#2R\head@@foot{\the#4}{\the#5}{\copy#6}\else
+ \head@@foot{\copy#6}{\the#3}{\the#4}\fi \fi \fi}
+\def\head@@foot#1#2#3{\plainrlap{#1}\hfil#2\hfil\plainllap{#3}}
+
+\let\startpage=\relax % allow input to be read twice
+
+\outer\def\pageall{\glet\page@ac A%
+ \global\countdef\pageno\z@ \global\pageno\@ne
+ \global\countdef\pageno@pref\@ne \gz@\pageno@pref
+ \glet\page@pref\empty \glet\page@reset\count@
+ \glet\chap@break\chskipt \outer\gdef\startpage{\global\pageno}}
+\outer\def\pagechap{\glet\page@ac C%
+ \global\countdef\pageno\@ne \gz@\pageno
+ \global\countdef\pageno@pref\z@ \gz@\pageno@pref
+ \gdef\page@pref{\dash@pref}%
+ \gdef\page@reset{\global\pageno\@ne \global\pageno@pref}%
+ \glet\chap@break\superendpage
+ \outer\gdef\startpage##1.{\global\pageno@pref##1\global\pageno}}
+
+%*** output ***
+
+\hsize=15 cm \hoffset=0 mm
+\vsize=22 cm \voffset=0 mm
+
+\newdimen\hoffset@corr@p \newdimen\voffset@corr@p
+\newdimen\hoffset@corrm@p \newdimen\voffset@corrm@p
+\newdimen\hoffset@corr@l \newdimen\voffset@corr@l
+\newdimen\hoffset@corrm@l \newdimen\voffset@corrm@l
+
+\outer\def\portrait{\switch@pl P%
+ \glet\hoffset@corr\hoffset@corr@p
+ \glet\voffset@corr\voffset@corr@p
+ \glet\hoffset@corrm\hoffset@corrm@p
+ \glet\voffset@corrm\voffset@corrm@p}
+\outer\def\landscape{\switch@pl L%
+ \glet\hoffset@corr\hoffset@corr@l
+ \glet\voffset@corr\voffset@corr@l
+ \glet\hoffset@corrm\hoffset@corrm@l
+ \glet\voffset@corrm\voffset@corrm@l}
+\def\switch@pl#1{\if #1\ori@pl \else \superendpage \glet\ori@pl#1%
+ \dimen@\ht\page@strut \advance\dimen@\dp\page@strut
+ \advance\vsize\dimen@ \dimen@ii\hsize \global\hsize\vsize
+ \advance\dimen@ii-\dimen@ \global\vsize\dimen@ii \fi}
+\let\ori@pl=P
+
+\def\m@g{\dimen@\ht\page@strut \advance\dimen@\dp\page@strut
+ \advance\vsize\dimen@ \divide\vsize\count@
+ \multiply\vsize\mag \advance\vsize-\dimen@
+ \divide\hsize\count@ \multiply\hsize\mag
+ \divide\dimen\footins\count@ \multiply\dimen\footins\mag
+ \mag\count@}
+
+\output={\physoutput}
+
+\def\physoutput{\ifvbox\toc@ins \make@toc \fi
+ \ifnum \pageno<\firstp@ge \skipp@ge \else
+ \ifnum \pageno>\lastp@ge \skipp@ge \else \shipp@ge \fi \fi
+ \advancepageno \skippagenum F\skipheadline F\skipfootline F%
+ \ifnum\outputpenalty>-\@MM \else \dosupereject \fi}
+
+\def\skippagenum{\glet\skip@page}
+\def\skipheadline{\glet\skip@head}
+\def\skipfootline{\glet\skip@foot}
+
+\def\skipp@ge{{\skipuserexit \setbox\z@\box\topins
+ \setbox\z@\box\footins}\deadcycles\z@}
+\def\shipp@ge{\setbox\pageb@x\hbox{%
+ \if F\skip@page \pagestyle{\page@pref \folio}\fi}%
+ \dimen@-.5\hsize \advance\dimen@\hoffset@corrm
+ \divide\dimen@\@m \multiply\dimen@\mag
+ \advance\hoffset\dimen@ \advance\hoffset\hoffset@corr
+ \dimen@\ht\page@strut \advance\dimen@\dp\page@strut
+ \advance\dimen@\vsize \dimen@-.5\dimen@
+ \advance\dimen@\voffset@corrm
+ \divide\dimen@\@m \multiply\dimen@\mag
+ \advance\voffset\dimen@ \advance\voffset\voffset@corr
+ \shipout\vbox{\makeheadline \vbadness\@M \setbox\z@\pagebody
+ \dimen@\dp\z@ \box\z@ \kern-\dimen@ \makefootline}}
+
+\def\pagecontents{\ifvbox\topins\unvbox\topins\fi
+ \dimen@=\dp\@cclv \shipuserexit % open up \box255
+ \ifvbox\footins % footnote info is present
+ \vskip\skip\footins \footnoterule \unvbox\footins\fi
+ \ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi}
+
+\def\folio{\ifnum\pageno<\z@ \ifcase\langu@ge \MEDIUM{\uppercase
+ \expandafter{\romannumeral-\pageno}}\else \romannumeral-\pageno \fi
+ \else \number\pageno \fi}
+
+\def\makeheadline{\line{\the\headline}\nointerlineskip}
+\def\makefootline{\nointerlineskip \line{\the\footline}}
+
+\skippagenum=F \skipheadline=F \skipfootline=F
+%*** end of file PHYSPAGE ***
+
+\message{title page macros,}
+
+% \input physchap
+%*** this is file PHYSCHAP as of 07.03.86 ***
+%*** title page macros ***
+
+\outer\def\titlepage{\glet\titl@fill\vfil}
+\outer\def\notitlepage{\gdef\titl@fill{\vskip20\p@}}
+
+\newbox\t@pleft \newbox\t@pright
+\def\t@pinit{%
+ \global\setbox\t@pleft\vbox{\hrule \@height\z@ \@width.26\hsize}%
+ \global\setbox\t@pright\copy\t@pleft}
+\t@pinit
+
+\def\topleft{\t@p\t@pleft}
+\def\topright{\t@p\t@pright}
+\def\t@p#1#2{\global\setbox#1\vtop{\unvbox#1\hbox{\strut #2}}}
+
+\outer\def\submit#1{\topleft{\case@language\submittextone}%
+ \topleft{{#1}\case@language\submittexttwo}}
+
+\let\pubdate=\topright
+
+\outer\def\title{\vbox{\line{\box\t@pleft \hss \box\t@pright}}%
+ \skippagenum T\skipheadline T\skipfootline T%
+ \t@pinit \titl@fill \vskip\chskiptamount \titl@}
+\outer\def\titcon{\unchskip \titl@}
+\def\titl@#1{\ctrline{\titlestyle{#1}}\chskipl}
+
+\def\author#1{\titl@fill{\let\\\cr \tabskip\centering
+ \halign to\hsize{&\hfil\authorstyle{##}\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}}
+\def\autcon{\and@con \author}
+
+\def\address#1{\titl@fill{\let\\\cr \tabskip\centering
+ \halign to\hsize{&\hfil\addressstyle{##}\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}}
+\def\addcon{\and@con \address}
+
+\def\and@con{\titl@fill \ctrline{\case@language{und\else and}}}
+
+\def\abstract{\titl@fill \he@d{\case@language\abstracthead}%
+ \after@arg\titl@fill}
+
+\def\ack{\chskipt \he@d{\case@language\ackhead}}
+
+\def\he@d#1{\ctrline{\headstyle{#1}}\chskipl}
+
+\message{chapters, sections and appendices,}
+
+%*** label ***
+
+\newtoks\l@names \l@names={\\\the@label}
+\let\the@label=\empty
+
+\def\label{\num@lett\@label}
+\def\@label#1{\def@name\l@names#1{\the@label}}
+\def\pagelabel{\num@lett\@pagelabel}
+\def\@pagelabel#1{\def@name\l@names#1{??}\wlog{* \noexpand\pagelabel
+ is not yet implemented, \noexpand#1will be defined as #1 *}}
+\def\quote{\num@lett\empty}
+
+\outer\def\lblrestore{\all@restore\l@names}
+
+%*** initialization ***
+
+\let\sect=\relax \let\s@ct=\relax % allow input to be read twice
+
+\def\chapinit{\chap@init{\chap@pref}\glet\sect@@eq\@chap@sect@eq
+ \sectinit}
+\def\appinit{\chap@init{\char\the\appn@m}\glet\sect@@eq\@chap@eq
+ \glet\sect@dot@pref\empty \glet\ddot@pref\dot@pref
+ \glet\sect\undefined}
+\def\sectinit{\xdef\sect@dot@pref{\the\sectn@m.}%
+ \xdef\ddot@pref{\dot@pref\sect@dot@pref}\glet\sect\s@ct}
+\def\chap@init#1{\xdef\the@label{#1}\xdef\dot@pref{\the@label.}%
+ \xdef\dash@pref{\the@label--}\glet\chap@@eq\@chap@eq}
+
+%*** chap ***
+
+\newcount\chapn@m \chapn@m=0
+
+\outer\def\chappage{\glet\chap@page T}
+\outer\def\nochappage{\glet\chap@page F}
+
+\outer\def\arabicchapnum{\glet\chap@ar A\gdef\chap@pref{\the\chapn@m}}
+\outer\def\romanchapnum{\glet\chap@ar R%
+ \gdef\chap@pref{\uppercase{\romannumeral\chapn@m}}}
+
+\let\chap=\relax \let\ch@p=\relax % allow input to be read twice
+
+\outer\def\chapters{\glet\chap@yn Y\glet\chap\ch@p
+ \chap@init{0}\glet\sect@@eq\@chap@sect@eq \sectinit}
+\outer\def\nochapters{\glet\chap@yn N\glet\chap\undefined
+ \glet\dot@pref\empty \glet\dash@pref\empty
+ \glet\chap@@eq\@eq \glet\sect@@eq\@sect@eq \sectinit}
+
+\outer\def\ch@p#1{\if T\chap@page \superendpage \else \chap@break \fi
+ \g@ne\chapn@m \sect@reset \chapinit \page@reset\chapn@m
+ \eq@reset \fig@reset \tab@reset
+ \toks@{\dot@pref}\toks@ii{#1}\chapuserexit
+ \titl@{\the\toks@\ \the\toks@ii}%
+ \ifnum\auto@toc>\m@ne \toks@store{#1}\@toc\dot@pref \fi}
+
+%*** sect ***
+
+% use \read@store to read (sub-)section titles in case they are used
+% in table of contents
+
+\def\sec@title#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#{\ifx @#7@\g@ne#1\else\global#1#7\fi
+ #2\secskipt \xdef\the@label{#4\the#1}\xdef#5{\the@label.}%
+ \bpargroup #3\read@store{\sec@@title#5#6}}
+\def\sec@@title#1#2#3{\toks@{\the@label.}\toks@ii\toks@store
+ #3\varitem{\the\toks@}\the\toks@store
+ \ifnum\auto@toc>#2\@toc{#1}\fi \par \nobreak}
+
+\newcount\sectn@m \sectn@m=0
+\def\sect@reset{\gz@\sectn@m}
+\outer\def\s@ct{\sec@title\sectn@m
+ {\secs@reset \sectinit \eq@@reset \fig@@reset \tab@@reset}%
+ \sectstyle\dot@pref\ddot@pref{\z@\sectuserexit}}
+
+\newcount\secsn@m \secsn@m=0
+\def\secs@reset{\gz@\secsn@m}
+\outer\def\secs{\sec@title\secsn@m\secss@reset
+ \secsstyle\ddot@pref\secs@pref{\@ne\secsuserexit}}
+
+\newcount\secssn@m \secssn@m=0
+\def\secss@reset{\gz@\secssn@m}
+\outer\def\secss{\sec@title\secssn@m\secsss@reset
+ \secssstyle\secs@pref\secss@pref{\tw@\secssuserexit}}
+
+\newcount\secsssn@m \secsssn@m=0
+\def\secsss@reset{\gz@\secsssn@m}
+\outer\def\secsss{\sec@title\secsssn@m\secssss@reset
+ \secsssstyle\secss@pref\secsss@pref{\thr@@\secsssuserexit}}
+
+\let\secssss@reset=\empty
+
+\outer\def\subsec#1{\par \noindent \subsecstyle{#1}}
+
+%*** appendix ***
+
+\newcount\appn@m \appn@m=64
+
+\outer\def\appendix{\if T\chap@page \superendpage \else\chap@break \fi
+ \g@ne\appn@m \secs@reset \appinit \page@reset\appn@m
+ \eq@reset \fig@reset \tab@reset \futurelet\n@xt \app@ndix}
+
+\def\app@ndix{\ifcat\bgroup\noexpand\n@xt \expandafter\@ppendix \else
+ \expandafter\@ppendix\expandafter\unskip \fi}
+
+\def\@ppendix#1{\toks@{\case@language\appendixhead~\dot@pref}
+ \toks@ii{#1}\appuserexit
+ \titl@{\the\toks@\ \the\toks@ii}%
+ \ifnum\auto@toc>\m@ne \toks@store{#1}%
+ \@toc{\case@language\appendixhead\ \dot@pref}\fi}
+
+\def\app#1{\chskipt \he@d{\case@language\appendixhead\ #1}}
+%*** end of file PHYSCHAP ***
+
+\message{equations,}
+
+% \input physequ
+%*** this is file PHYSEQU as of 20.02.86 ***
+%*** quotation of equations, figures, tables and references ***
+
+\def\num@lett{\cat@lett \num@@lett}
+\def\num@@lett#1#2{\egroup #1{#2}}
+
+\def\num@l@tt{\cat@lett \num@@l@tt}
+\def\num@@l@tt#1#{\egroup #1}
+
+\def\cat@lett{\bgroup
+ \catcode`\0\l@tter \catcode`\1\l@tter \catcode`\2\l@tter
+ \catcode`\3\l@tter \catcode`\4\l@tter \catcode`\5\l@tter
+ \catcode`\6\l@tter \catcode`\7\l@tter \catcode`\8\l@tter
+ \catcode`\9\l@tter \catcode`\'\l@tter}
+
+\def\quote@all#1{\hbox{\mathcode`\-"707B$#1$}}
+\def\use{\num@lett\@use}
+\def\@use{\setbox\z@\hbox}
+
+%*** equations ***
+
+\newtoks\e@names \e@names={}
+\newcount\eqn@m \eqn@m=0
+
+\outer\def\equall{\glet\eq@acs A\glet\eq@pref\empty
+ \glet\def@eq\@eq \glet\eq@reset\relax \glet\eq@@reset\relax}
+\outer\def\equchap{\glet\eq@acs C\gdef\eq@pref{\dot@pref}%
+ \gdef\def@eq{\chap@@eq}\glet\eq@reset\eqz@ \glet\eq@@reset\relax}
+\outer\def\equsect{\glet\eq@acs S\gdef\eq@pref{\ddot@pref}%
+ \gdef\def@eq{\sect@@eq}\glet\eq@reset\eqz@ \glet\eq@@reset\eqz@}
+\def\eqz@{\gz@\eqn@m}
+
+\outer\def\equfull{\glet\eq@fs F\gdef\eq@@fs{\let\test@eq\full@eq}}
+\outer\def\equshort{\glet\eq@fs S\glet\eq@@fs\relax}
+
+\def\@eq(#1){#1}
+\def\@chap@eq{\noexpand\chap@eq\@eq}
+\def\@sect@eq{\noexpand\sect@eq\@eq}
+\def\@chap@sect@eq{\noexpand\chap@sect@eq\@eq}
+
+\def\chap@eq{\test@eq\empty\dot@pref}
+\def\sect@eq{\test@eq\empty\sect@dot@pref}
+\def\chap@sect@eq{\test@eq\sect@eq\dot@pref}
+\def\test@eq#1#2#3.{\def\n@xt{#3.}\ifx#2\n@xt \let\n@xt#1\fi \n@xt}
+\def\full@eq#1#2{}
+\def\short@eq#1#2#3.{#1}
+
+\outer\def\equleft{\glet\eq@lrn L\glet\eqtag\leqno
+ \glet\eq@tag\leq@no}
+\outer\def\equright{\glet\eq@lrn R\glet\eqtag\eqno
+ \glet\eq@tag\eq@no}
+\outer\def\equnone{\glet\eq@lrn N\glet\eqtag\n@eqno
+ \glet\eq@tag\neq@no}
+
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\$=\active \catcode`\*=3 \lccode`\*=`\$
+ \lowercase{\gdef\n@eqno{\catcode`\$\active
+ \def$${\egroup **}\setbox\z@\hbox\bgroup}}
+\endgroup
+\def\eq@no{\llap{$##$}\tabskip\z@skip}
+\def\leq@no{\kern-\displaywidth \rlap{$##$}\tabskip\displaywidth}
+\def\neq@no{\@use{$##$}\tabskip\z@skip}
+
+\def\eqalignno{\let\eq@@tag\eq@no \eqalign@tag}
+\def\leqalignno{\let\eq@@tag\leq@no \eqalign@tag}
+\def\eqaligntag{\let\eq@@tag\eq@tag \eqalign@tag}
+\def\eqalign@tag{\afterassignment\eqalign@@tag \@eat}
+\def\eqalign@@tag{\displ@y
+ \tabskip\centering \halign to\displaywidth\n@xt
+ \hfil$\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip\z@skip
+ &$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip\centering
+ &\span\eq@@tag\crcr}
+
+\def\fulltag#1{{\let\test@eq\full@eq#1}}
+\def\shorttag#1{{\let\test@eq\short@eq#1}}
+
+\def\eq{\g@ne\eqn@m \make@eq\empty}
+\def\make@eq#1{(\eq@pref\the\eqn@m #1)}
+\def\EQ{\eq \num@lett\eq@save}
+\def\eq@save#1{\def@name\e@names#1{\expandafter\def@eq\make@eq\empty}}
+
+\def\eqn{\eqtag\eq}
+\def\EQN{\eqtag\EQ}
+
+\def\eqadv{\g@ne\eqn@m}
+\def\EQADV{\eqadv \num@lett\eq@save}
+
+\newcount\seqn@m \seqn@m=96
+
+\def\subeqbegin{\global\seqn@m96 \subeq}
+\def\SUBEQBEGIN{\global\seqn@m96 \SUBEQ}
+\def\subeq{\g@ne\seqn@m \make@eq{\char\seqn@m}}
+\def\SUBEQ{\num@lett\@SUBEQ}
+\def\@SUBEQ#1{\subeq \def@name\e@names#1{\char\the\seqn@m}}
+
+\def\subeqnbegin{\eqtag\subeqbegin}
+\def\SUBEQNBEGIN{\eqtag\SUBEQBEGIN}
+\def\subeqn{\eqtag\subeq}
+\def\SUBEQN{\eqtag\SUBEQ}
+
+\def\eqapp{\num@lett\@eqapp}
+\def\@eqapp#1#2{(\fulltag#1#2)}
+\def\eqnapp{\eqtag\eqapp}
+
+\def\queq{\num@lett\@queq}
+\def\@queq#1{\quote@all{\eq@@fs(#1)}}
+\def\qeq{\case@abbr\eqabbr\queq}
+\def\qeqs{\case@abbr\eqsabbr\queq}
+
+\outer\def\eqrestore{\all@restore\e@names}
+%*** end of file PHYSEQU ***
+
+\message{storage management,}
+
+% \input physstor
+%*** this is file PHYSSTOR as of 28.02.86 ***
+%*** storage management for figures, tables, references, ***
+%*** table of contents and (possibly) footnotes ***
+
+% Note: The text for figure captions, table captions, references,
+% table of contents and (if applicable) footnotes must be read
+% from the input file, i.e. tokenized, via \read@store
+
+\newtoks\toks@store
+\newtoks\file@list \file@list={1234567}
+
+\begingroup
+ \let\storebox=\relax \let\refnam=\relax % allow input to be
+ \let\RFfile=\relax \let\RFext=\relax % read twice
+ \newhelp\opt@help{The options \string\refnam, \string\RFfile\space
+ and \string\RFext\space are incompatible with \string\storebox.
+ Your request will be ignored.}
+ \global\opt@help=\opt@help % make this definition global
+ \gdef\opt@err{{\errhelp\opt@help \errmessage{Incompatible options}}}
+\endgroup
+
+% Freeze option \storebox, \storelist or \storefile and eliminate
+% code not needed for that option
+\begingroup
+ \let\storebox=\relax \let\storelist=\relax % allow input to be
+ \let\storefile=\relax \let\RFfile=\relax % read twice
+ \gdef\case@store{%
+ \glet\storebox\undefined
+ \if B\store@blf \glet\storebox\empty \glet\case@store\case@box
+ \else \glet\box@store\undefined
+ \glet\box@out\undefined \glet\box@print\undefined
+ \glet\box@save\undefined \glet\box@kill\undefined \fi
+ \glet\storelist\undefined
+ \if L\store@blf \glet\storelist\empty \glet\case@store\case@list
+ \else \glet\list@store\undefined
+ \glet\list@out\undefined \glet\list@print\undefined
+ \glet\list@save\undefined \glet\list@kill\undefined \fi
+ \glet\storefile\undefined
+ \if F\store@blf \glet\storefile\empty \glet\case@store\case@file
+ \else \store@setup
+ \glet\file@out\undefined \glet\file@print\undefined
+ \glet\file@save\undefined \glet\file@kill\undefined \fi
+ \glet\case@box\undefined \glet\case@list\undefined
+ \glet\case@file\undefined \glet\store@setup\undefined
+ \case@store}
+ \gdef\store@setup{\ifx \RFfile\undefined \glet\file@store\undefined
+ \glet\file@open\undefined \glet\file@close\undefined
+ \glet\file@wlog\undefined \glet\file@free\undefined
+ \glet\file@copy\undefined \glet\file@read\undefined \fi}
+\endgroup
+
+\outer\def\storebox{\if L\RF@lfe \if N\ref@sbn \opt@err
+ \else \glet\store@blf B\fi \else \opt@err \fi}
+\outer\def\storelist{\glet\store@blf L}
+\outer\def\storefile{\glet\store@blf F}
+
+\def\read@store{\bgroup \@read@store}
+\def\read@@store{\bgroup \catcode`\@\l@tter \@read@store}
+\def\@read@store#1{\def\n@xt{\egroup \toks@store\toks@i
+ #1\ignorespaces}%
+ \catcode`\^^M\active \afterassignment\n@xt \global\toks@i}
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\:=\active
+ \gdef\write@save#1{\s@ve{:restore\@type{#1}{\the\toks@store}}}
+\endgroup
+\def\f@rm@t#1#2{\bgroup \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip \f@rmat
+ \ifx @#1@\noindent \strut \indent
+ \else \varitem\@indent{#1}\strut \fi #2\form@t \egroup}
+\let\f@rmat=\nointerlineskip
+\def\form@t{\unskip \strut \par \@break}
+
+\def\@store{\case@store\box@store\list@store\file@store}
+\def\@sstore#1#2#3{\par \noindent \bgroup \captionstyle
+ \case@abbr#2#3:\enskip \the\toks@store \egroup \par \@store#1{#3.}}
+\def\@add#1{\read@store{\@store#1\empty}}
+\def\@out#1#2#3#4#5{\case@store\box@out\list@out\file@out#1\begingroup
+ \if T#2\let\chap@break\superendpage \fi \chap@break
+ \chap@init{\case@language#3}%
+ \if C\page@ac \skippagenum T\fi
+ \page@reset6#1%
+ \@style \he@d{\strut\case@language#4}\@break \@print#1%
+ \ifx\chap@break\superendpage \superendpage \fi
+ \def\\##1{\glet##1\undefined}\the#5\global#5\emptyt@ks
+ \endgroup \fi}
+\def\@print{\case@store\box@print\list@print\file@print}
+\def\@save{\case@store\box@save\list@save\file@save}
+\def\@kill{\case@store\box@kill\list@kill\file@kill}
+
+\def\case@box#1#2#3{\case@@store#1%
+ \fig@box\tab@box\ref@box\toc@box\foot@box}
+\def\case@list#1#2#3{\case@@store#2%
+ \fig@list\tab@list\ref@list\toc@list\foot@list}
+\def\case@file#1#2#3{\case@@store{\expandafter#3}%
+ \fig@file\tab@file\ref@file\toc@file\foot@file}
+
+\def\case@@store#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{\ifcase#7%
+ \toks@{\fig@type#1#2}\or
+ \toks@{\tab@type#1#3}\or
+ \toks@{\ref@type#1#4}\or
+ \toks@{\toc@type#1#5}\or
+ \toks@{\foot@type#1#6}\fi
+ \expandafter\let\expandafter\@type\the\toks@}
+\def\@style{\csname\@type style\endcsname}
+\def\@indent{\csname\@type indent\endcsname}
+\def\@break{\csname\@type break\endcsname}
+
+\def\box@store#1#2{\global\setbox#1\vbox
+ {\ifvbox#1\unvbox#1\fi \@style \f@rm@t{#2}{\the\toks@store}}}
+\def\box@out{\ifvbox}
+\def\box@print{\vskip\baselineskip \unvbox}
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\:=\active \catcode`\;=\active
+ \gdef\box@save#1{\wlog{; Unable to save text for
+ \@type's with option :storebox}}
+\endgroup
+\def\box@kill#1{{\setbox\z@\box#1}}
+
+\def\list@store#1#2{\toks@\expandafter{#1\\}%
+ \xdef#1{\the\toks@ {#2}{\the\toks@store}}}
+\def\list@out#1{\ifx #1\empty \else}
+\def\list@print#1{\let \\\f@rm@t #1\glet#1\empty}
+\def\list@save{\def\\##1##2{\toks@store{##2}\write@save{##1}}%
+ \newlinechar`\^^M}
+\def\list@kill#1{\glet#1\empty}
+
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\:=\active
+ \gdef\file@store#1#2#3#4{\if0#3\expandafter\file@open\the\file@list
+ \@@#1#2\fi
+ {\newlinechar`\^^M\immediate\write#2{::{#4}{\the\toks@store}}}}
+\endgroup
+\def\file@open#1#2\@@#3#4{\immediate\openout#4\jobname.sysut#1%
+ \gdef#3{#3#4#1}\global\file@list{#2}\file@wlog{open}#1}
+\def\file@wlog#1#2{\wlog{#1 \jobname.sysut#2 for \@type's}}
+\def\file@out#1#2#3{\if0#3\else}
+\def\file@print#1#2#3{\file@close#2#3\let\\\f@rm@t \file@copy#1#2#3}
+\def\file@save#1#2#3{\if0#3\else \file@close#2#3%
+ \def\\##1{\read@store{\expandafter\file@store#1{##1}%
+ \write@save{##1}}}%
+ \newlinechar`\^^M\file@copy#1#2#3\fi}
+\def\file@kill#1#2#3{\if0#3\else \file@close#2#3\file@free#1#2#3\fi}
+\def\file@close#1#2{\immediate\closeout#1\file@wlog{close}#2}
+\def\file@copy#1#2#3{\file@free#1#2#3\file@read#3}
+\def\file@read#1{\input \jobname.sysut#1 }
+\def\file@free#1#2#3{\gdef#1{#1#20}%
+ \global\file@list\expandafter{\the\file@list#3}}
+%*** end of file PHYSSTOR ***
+
+\message{figures,}
+
+% \input physfig
+%*** this is file PHYSFIG as of 28.02.86 ***
+%*** figures and tables ***
+
+\def\bf@t#1{\bgroup \let\f@t#1\num@l@tt}
+\def\ef@t#1#2#3#4#{\ifx @#4@\g@ne#1\xdef\thef@tn@m{#2\the#1}\else
+ \gdef\thef@tn@m{#4}\fi #3\read@store{\f@t\egroup}}
+
+%*** figures ***
+
+\newtoks\f@names \f@names={}
+\newcount\fign@m \fign@m=0
+\def\fig@type{fig}
+\newbox\fig@box
+\let\fig@list=\empty
+\newwrite\fig@write \def\fig@file{\fig@file\fig@write0}
+
+\outer\def\figall{\glet\fig@acs A\glet\fig@pref\empty
+ \glet\fig@reset\relax \glet\fig@@reset\relax}
+\outer\def\figchap{\glet\fig@acs C\gdef\fig@pref{\dot@pref}%
+ \glet\fig@reset\figz@ \glet\fig@@reset\relax}
+\outer\def\figsect{\glet\fig@acs S\gdef\fig@pref{\ddot@pref}%
+ \glet\fig@reset\figz@ \glet\fig@@reset\figz@}
+\def\figz@{\gz@\fign@m}
+
+\outer\def\figpage{\glet\fig@page T}
+\outer\def\nofigpage{\glet\fig@page F}
+
+\def\fig{\bf@t\fig@\@fig}
+\def\FIG{\bf@t\fig@\@FIG}
+\def\ffig{\bf@t\ffig@\@fig}
+\def\FFIG{\bf@t\ffig@\@FIG}
+
+\def\@fig{\ef@t\fign@m\fig@pref\relax}
+\def\@FIG#1{\ef@t\fign@m\fig@pref{\def@name\f@names#1{\thef@tn@m}}}
+
+\def\fig@{\@store0{\thef@tn@m .}}
+\def\ffig@{\@sstore0\figpref{\thef@tn@m}}
+\def\figadd{\@add0}
+
+\def\qufig{\case@abbr\figabbr\num@lett\quote@all}
+
+\outer\def\figout{\@out0\fig@page\figpref\fighead\f@names}
+\outer\def\figkill{\@kill0}
+\outer\def\restorefig#1{\read@store{\@store0{#1}}}
+\outer\def\figrestore{\all@restore\f@names}
+%*** end of file PHYSFIG ***
+
+% \input physpict
+%*** this is file PHYSPICT as of 19.03.86 ***
+%*** picture macros ***
+
+\newdimen\spictskip \spictskip=2.5pt
+
+\def\pict{\bf@t\pict@\@fig}
+\def\PICT{\bf@t\pict@\@FIG}
+
+\def\pict@#1{\vskip\the\toks@store \egroup \bpargroup
+ \raggedright \captionstyle \varitem{\qufig{\thef@tn@m\,}:}%
+ \let\@spict\spict@ \spacefactor998\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\spict#1{\ifnum\spacefactor=998\else \parvskip\spictskip \fi
+ \@spict{#1\enskip}\ignorespaces}
+\def\spict@#1{\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\advance\hangindent\wd\z@
+ \box\z@ \let\@spict\llap}
+
+%*** graphic macros ***
+
+\outer\def\graphics{\glet\graphic\gr@phic}
+\outer\def\nographics{\glet\graphic\nogr@phic}
+
+\def\gr@phic#1#2#3#4{\hbox\bgroup \setbox\z@\hbox{\special{^X#1^A}}%
+ \lower#4\copy\z@ \hskip#2\raise#3\box\z@ \egroup}
+\def\nogr@phic#1#2#3#4{\hbox\bgroup \write\m@ne{Insert graphic #1}%
+ \frame{#2}{#3}{#4}\egroup}
+
+\def\frame#1#2#3{\hbox to#1\bgroup \dimen@#2\dimen@ii#3\vrule\fr@@me
+ \bgroup \dimen@ii-\dimen@ \fr@me\dimen@ii \hfilneg
+ \bgroup \dimen@-\dimen@ii \fr@me\dimen@ \vrule\fr@@me \egroup}
+\def\fr@me#1{\advance#1.4\p@ \leaders \hrule\fr@@me \hfil \egroup}
+\def\fr@@me{\@height\dimen@ \@depth\dimen@ii}
+%*** end of file PHYSPICT ***
+
+\message{tables,}
+
+% \input phystab
+%*** this is file PHYSTAB as of 28.02.86 ***
+%*** tables ***
+
+\newtoks\t@names \t@names={}
+\newcount\tabn@m \tabn@m=0
+\def\tab@type{tab}
+\newbox\tab@box
+\let\tab@list=\empty
+\newwrite\tab@write \def\tab@file{\tab@file\tab@write0}
+
+
+\outer\def\taball{\glet\tab@acs A\glet\tab@pref\empty
+ \glet\tab@reset\relax \glet\tab@@reset\relax}
+\outer\def\tabchap{\glet\tab@acs C\gdef\tab@pref{\dot@pref}%
+ \glet\tab@reset\tabz@ \glet\tab@@reset\relax}
+\outer\def\tabsect{\glet\tab@acs S\gdef\tab@pref{\ddot@pref}%
+ \glet\tab@reset\tabz@ \glet\tab@@reset\tabz@}
+\def\tabz@{\gz@\tabn@m}
+
+\outer\def\tabpage{\glet\tab@page T}
+\outer\def\notabpage{\glet\tab@page F}
+
+\def\tab{\bf@t\tab@\@tab}
+\def\TAB{\bf@t\tab@\@TAB}
+\def\ttab{\bf@t\ttab@\@tab}
+\def\TTAB{\bf@t\ttab@\@TAB}
+
+\def\@tab{\ef@t\tabn@m\tab@pref\relax}
+\def\@TAB#1{\ef@t\tabn@m\tab@pref{\def@name\t@names#1{\thef@tn@m}}}
+
+\def\tab@{\@store1{\thef@tn@m .}}
+\def\ttab@{\@sstore1\tabpref{\thef@tn@m}}
+\def\tabadd{\@add1}
+
+\def\qutab{\case@abbr\tababbr\num@lett\quote@all}
+
+\outer\def\tabout{\@out1\tab@page\tabpref\tabhead\t@names}
+\outer\def\tabkill{\@kill1}
+\outer\def\restoretab#1{\read@store{\@store1{#1}}}
+\outer\def\tabrestore{\all@restore\t@names}
+%*** end of file PHYSTAB ***
+
+% \input phystabl
+%*** this is file PHYSTABL as of 07.03.86 ***
+%*** table macro ***
+
+\newskip\htabskip \htabskip=1em plus 2em minus .5em
+\newdimen\vtabskip \vtabskip=2.5pt
+\newbox\tab@top \newbox\tab@bot
+
+\let\@hrule=\hrule
+\let\@halign=\halign
+\let\@valign=\valign
+\let\@span=\span
+\let\@omit=\omit
+
+\def\@@span{\@span\@omit\@span}
+\def\@@@span{\@span\@omit\@@span}
+
+\def\sp@n{\span\@omit\advance\mscount\m@ne} % for multispan
+
+\def\table#1#{\vbox\bgroup\offinterlineskip
+ \toks@ii{#1\bgroup \unhcopy\tab@top \unhcopy\tab@bot
+ ##}\afterassignment\tab@preamble \@eat}
+
+%*** scan preamble of table
+
+\def\tab@preamble#1\cr{\let\tab@@vrule\tab@repeat
+ \let\tab@amp@\empty \let\tab@amp\empty \let\span@\@@span
+ \toks@{\tab@space#1&\cr}\the\toks@}
+\def\tab@space{\tab@test{ }{}\tab@vrule} % blank
+\def\tab@vrule{\tab@test\vrule{\tab@add\vrule}% % \vrule
+ \tab@@vrule}
+\def\tab@repeat{\tab@test&{\tab@add&% % & (repeat)
+ \let\tab@@vrule\tab@template \let\tab@amp@\tab@@amp
+ \let\tab@amp&\let\span@\@@@span}\tab@template}
+\def\tab@template#1&{\tab@add{\@span\tab@amp@
+ \tabskip\htabskip&\tab@setup#1&\tabskip\z@skip##}% % <template>
+ \tab@test\cr{\let\tab@@vrule\tab@exec}\tab@space} % \cr
+\def\tab@@amp{&##}
+
+\def\tab@test#1#2#3{\let\tab@comp= #1\toks@{#2}\let\tab@go#3%
+ \futurelet\n@xt \tab@@test}
+\def\tab@@test{\ifx \tab@comp\n@xt \the\toks@
+ \afterassignment\tab@go \expandafter\@eat \else
+ \expandafter\tab@go \fi}
+
+\def\tab@add#1{\toks@ii\expandafter{\the\toks@ii#1}}
+
+%*** execute preamble of table
+
+\def\tab@exec{\tab@reset\everycr{\tab@body}%
+ \def\halign{\tab@reset \halign}\def\valign{\tab@reset \valign}%
+ \def\omit{\@omit \tab@setup}%
+ \def\n@xt##1{\hbox{\dimen@\ht\strutbox\dimen@ii\dp\strutbox
+ \advance##1\vtabskip \vrule \@height\dimen@ \@depth\dimen@ii
+ \@width\z@}}%
+ \setbox\tab@top\n@xt\dimen@ \setbox\tab@bot\n@xt\dimen@ii
+ \def\ml##1{\relax % multi
+ \ifmmode \let\@ml\empty \else \let\@ml$\fi % line
+ \@ml\vcenter{\hbox\bgroup\unhcopy\tab@top % mode
+ ##1\unhcopy\tab@bot\egroup}\@ml}%
+ \def\nl{\egroup\hbox\bgroup\strut}% % new line
+ \tabskip\z@skip\@halign\the\toks@ii\cr}
+
+\def\tab@reset{\let\cr\endline \everycr\emptyt@ks
+ \let\halign\@halign \let\valign\@valign
+ \let\span\@span \let\omit\@omit}
+\def\tab@setup{\relax \iffalse {\fi \let\span\span@ \iffalse }\fi}
+
+%*** scan and execute body of table
+
+\def\tab@body{\noalign\bgroup \tab@@body} % scan inside
+\def\tab@@body{\futurelet\n@xt \tab@end} % noalign
+\def\tab@end{\ifcat\egroup\noexpand\n@xt
+ \expandafter\egroup \expandafter\egroup \else % }
+ \expandafter\tab@blank \fi}
+\def\tab@blank{\ifcat\space\noexpand\n@xt
+ \afterassignment\tab@@body \expandafter\@eat \else % blank
+ \expandafter\tab@hrule \fi}
+\def\tab@hrule{\ifx\hrule\n@xt
+ \def\hrule{\@hrule\egroup \tab@body}\else % \hrule
+ \expandafter\tab@noalign \fi}
+\def\tab@noalign{\ifx\noalign\n@xt
+ \aftergroup\tab@body \expandafter\@eat@ \else % \noalign
+ \expandafter\tab@row \fi}
+\def\tab@row#1\cr{\toks@ii{\toks@ii{\egroup}% % one row
+ \tab@item#1&\cr}\the\toks@ii}
+\def\tab@item#1&{\tab@add{\tab@amp&#1&}% % one item
+ \futurelet\n@xt \tab@cr}
+\def\tab@cr{\ifx\cr\n@xt
+ \expandafter\the\expandafter\toks@ii \else % cr
+ \expandafter\tab@item \fi}
+%*** end of file PHYSTABL ***
+
+\message{references,}
+
+% \input physref
+%*** this is file PHYSREF as of 18.02.86 ***
+%*** references ***
+
+\newtoks\r@names \r@names={}
+\newcount\refn@m \refn@m=0
+\newcount\ref@temp
+\def\ref@type{ref}
+\newbox\ref@box
+\let\ref@list=\empty
+\newwrite\ref@write \def\ref@file{\ref@file\ref@write0}
+
+\begingroup \let\refnam=\relax % allow input to be read twice
+ \newhelp\ref@help{The option \string\refnam\space allows predefined
+ references only and is incompatible with \string\qref(s).
+ Your request will be ignored.}
+ \global\ref@help=\ref@help % make this definition global
+ \gdef\ref@err{{\errhelp\ref@help \errmessage{Invalid request}}}
+\endgroup
+
+% Freeze option \refsup, \refsqb or \refnam and eliminate
+% code not needed for that option
+\begingroup
+ \let\refsup=\relax \let\refsqb=\relax % allow input to be
+ \let\refnam=\relax % read twice
+ \gdef\ref@setup{%
+ \glet\refsup\undefined
+ \if S\ref@sbn \glet\refsup\empty \glet\therefn@m\suprefn@m \fi
+ \glet\refsqb\undefined
+ \if B\ref@sbn \glet\refsqb\empty \glet\therefn@m\sqbrefn@m \fi
+ \glet\refnam\undefined
+ \if N\ref@sbn \glet\refnam\empty \glet\the@quref\nam@quref
+ \glet\@@ref\ref@err \gdef\qref{\ref@err \quref}\glet\qrefs\qref
+ \glet\RF@def@\RF@def@nam
+ \glet\RF@find\undefined \glet\RF@search\undefined
+ \glet\RF@locate\undefined \glet\@RFread\undefined
+ \glet\qurefsup\ref@err \glet\sup@quref\undefined
+ \glet\qurefsqb\ref@err \glet\sqb@quref\undefined
+ \glet\qurefnum\ref@err \glet\num@quref\undefined
+ \glet\ref@restore\ref@err
+ \else \gdef\@@ref{\@store2\therefn@m}%
+ \gdef\qref{\case@abbr\refabbr\num@lett\quote@all}%
+ \gdef\qrefs{\case@abbr\refsabbr\num@lett\quote@all}%
+ \glet\RF@def@\RF@def@num \glet\RF@print\undefined
+ \gdef\ref@restore{\all@restore\r@names}\fi
+ \glet\nam@quref\undefined
+ \gdef\quref{\ref@unskip \num@lett\the@quref}%
+ \glet\RF@def@num\undefined \glet\RF@def@nam\undefined
+ \gdef\RF@restore{\all@restore\R@names}%
+ \glet\ref@setup\undefined}
+\endgroup
+
+\outer\def\refsup{\glet\ref@sbn S\global\qurefsup}
+\outer\def\refsqb{\glet\ref@sbn B\global\qurefsqb}
+\outer\def\refnam{\if B\store@blf \opt@err \else \glet\ref@sbn N\fi}
+
+\def\qurefsup{\let\the@quref\sup@quref}
+\def\qurefsqb{\let\the@quref\sqb@quref}
+\def\qurefnum{\let\the@quref\num@quref}
+
+\outer\def\refpage{\glet\ref@page T}
+\outer\def\norefpage{\glet\ref@page F}
+
+\def\ref{\ref@advance \refend \@ref}
+\def\REF{\num@lett\@REF}
+\def\@REF#1{\ref@name#1\@ref}
+\def\refend{\quref{\the\refn@m}}
+
+\def\refs{\ref@advance \ref@temp\refn@m \@ref}
+\def\REFS{\num@lett\@REFS}
+\def\@REFS#1{\ref@name#1\ref@temp\refn@m \@ref}
+\def\refscon{\ref@advance \@ref}
+\let\REFSCON=\REF
+\def\refsend{\quref{\the\ref@temp -\the\refn@m}}
+
+\def\ref@advance{\ref@unskip \g@ne\refn@m}
+\def\ref@name{\ref@@name\r@names}
+\def\ref@@name#1#2{\ref@advance \def@name#1#2{\the\refn@m}}
+\def\ref@unskip{\ifhmode \unskip \fi}
+
+\def\suprefn@m{\the\refn@m .}
+\def\sqbrefn@m{$\lbrack \the\refn@m \rbrack$}
+\def\@ref{\read@store\@@ref}
+\def\@@ref{\ref@setup \@@ref}
+\def\refadd{\@add2}
+
+\def\sup@quref#1{\leavevmode \nobreak \quote@all{^{#1}}}
+\def\sqb@quref#1{\ \quote@all{\lbrack #1\rbrack}}
+\def\num@quref{\ \quote@all}
+\def\nam@quref{\@use}
+\def\quref{\ref@setup \quref}
+\def\qref{\ref@setup \qref}
+\def\qrefs{\ref@setup \qrefs}
+
+\outer\def\refout{{\@out2\ref@page\refpref\refhead\r@names
+ \let\\\@RFdef \the\R@names \global\R@names\emptyt@ks
+ \if L\RF@lfe \else \glet\RF@list\empty \gz@\RF@high \fi
+ \gz@\refn@m}}
+\outer\def\refkill{\@kill2}
+\outer\def\restoreref#1{\read@@store{\@store2{#1}}}
+\outer\def\refrestore{\ref@restore}
+\outer\def\RFrestore{\RF@restore}
+\def\ref@restore{\ref@setup \ref@restore}
+\def\RF@restore{\ref@setup \RF@restore}
+
+%*** predefined references ***
+
+\newtoks\R@names \R@names={}
+\newcount\RFn@m \newcount\RF@high
+\newcount\RFmax \RFmax=50 % maximum number of RF's held in storage
+\def\RF@type{RF}
+\let\RF@list=\empty
+\newwrite\RF@write \def\RF@file{\RF@file\RF@write0}
+\let\RF@noc=N
+
+% Freeze option \RFlist, \RFfile or \RFext and eliminate
+% code not needed for that option
+\begingroup \let\storefile=\relax % allow input
+ \let\RFlist=\relax \let\RFfile=\relax % to be read
+ \let\RFext=\relax \let\RF=\relax % twice
+ \gdef\@RF{%
+ \glet\RFlist\undefined
+ \if L\RF@lfe \glet\RFlist\empty \glet\@RF\@RFlist
+ \gdef\RF@input{\RF@list}%
+ \else \glet\@RFlist\undefined \fi
+ \glet\RFfile\undefined
+ \if F\RF@lfe \glet\RFfile\empty \glet\@RF\@RFfile
+ \else \RF@setup
+ \glet\@RFfile\undefined \glet\@RFcopy\undefined
+ \glet\RF@store\undefined \glet\RF@copy\undefined
+ \glet\RF@@input\undefined \fi
+ \glet\RFext\undefined
+ \if E\RF@lfe \gdef\RFext##1 {}\glet\@RF\@RFext
+ \else \glet\@RFext\undefined \fi
+ \glet\RF@setup\undefined \@RF}
+ \gdef\RF@setup{\ifx \storefile\undefined \glet\file@store\undefined
+ \glet\file@open\undefined \glet\file@close\undefined
+ \glet\file@wlog\undefined \glet\file@free\undefined
+ \glet\file@copy\undefined \glet\file@read\undefined \fi}
+\endgroup
+
+\outer\def\RFlist{\glet\RF@lfe L}
+\outer\def\RFfile{\if B\store@blf \opt@err \else \glet\RF@lfe F\fi}
+\outer\def\RFext#1 {\if B\store@blf \opt@err \else
+ \glet\RF@lfe E\gdef\RF@input{\input#1 }\RF@input \fi}
+
+\def\@RFdef#1{\gdef#1{\RF@def#1}}
+\def\@RF@list#1{\toks@\expandafter{\RF@list\RF@#1}%
+ \xdef\RF@list{\the\toks@ {\the\toks@store}}}
+\def\@RFcopy#1{\RF@store{\noexpand#1}}
+\def\RF@store{\let\@type\RF@type \if C\RF@noc \glet\RF@noc N%
+ \RF@copy \fi \glet\RF@noc O\expandafter\file@store\RF@file}
+\def\RF@input{\expandafter\RF@@input\RF@file}
+\begingroup \let\RF=\relax % allow input to be read twice
+ \gdef\RF@copy{{\let\\\RF \let\@RF\@RFcopy
+ \expandafter\file@copy\RF@file}}
+ \gdef\RF@@input#1#2#3{\if O\RF@noc \let\@type\RF@type
+ \file@close#2#3\glet\RF@noc C\fi \let\\\RF \file@read#3}
+\endgroup
+
+\def\RF@def#1{\ref@@name\R@names#1\RF@def@ #1}
+\def\RF@def@{\ref@setup \RF@def@}
+\def\RF@def@num{\toks@store\expandafter{\expandafter\RF@find
+ \expandafter{\the\refn@m}}\@@ref}
+\def\RF@def@nam{\ifnum\refn@m=\@ne \refadd{\RF@print}\fi}
+\def\RF@test#1{\z@}
+
+\def\RF@print{\let\@RF\@RF@print \let\RF@def\RF@test
+ \let\RF@first T\RF@input}
+\def\@RF@print#1{\ifnum#1>\z@
+ \if\RF@first T\let\RF@first F\setbox\z@\lastbox
+ \else \form@t\f@rmat \noindent \strut \fi
+ \hangindent\namrefindent \the\toks@store \fi}
+
+\def\RF@find#1{\RFn@m#1\bgroup \let\RF@def\RF@test
+ \if L\RF@lfe \else \ifnum\RFn@m<\RF@high \else \RF@search \fi \fi
+ \let\RF@\RF@locate \RF@list \egroup}
+
+\def\RF@search{\global\RF@high\RFn@m \global\advance\RF@high\RFmax
+ \glet\RF@list\empty \let\@RF\@RFread \RF@input}
+\def\@RFread#1{\ifnum#1<\RFn@m \else \ifnum#1<\RF@high
+ \@RF@list#1\fi \fi}
+\def\RF@locate#1#2{\ifnum#1=\RFn@m #2\fi}
+
+\def\@RFlist#1{\@RFdef#1\@RF@list#1}
+\def\@RFfile#1{\@RFdef#1\@RFcopy#1}
+\let\@RFext=\@RFdef
+
+\outer\def\RF{\num@lett\RF@}
+\def\RF@#1{\ref@unskip \read@store{\@RF#1}}
+%*** end of file PHYSREF ***
+
+% \input physjrnl
+%*** this is file PHYSJRNL as of 11.02.86 ***
+%*** physics journals ***
+
+\outer\def\yearpage{\glet\yearpage@yp Y}
+\outer\def\pageyear{\glet\yearpage@yp P}
+
+\def\journal#1{{\journalstyle{#1}}\j@urnal{}}
+\def\journalp#1{{\journalstyle{#1}}\j@urnal}
+\def\journalf#1#2#3({{\journalstyle{#1}}\j@urnal{#3}#2(}
+
+\def\j@urnal#1#2(#3)#4*{\unskip
+ \ {\volumestyle{#1\ifx @#1@\else\ifx @#2@\else
+ \kern.2em\fi \fi#2}}\unskip
+ \ifx @#3@\else\ifx @#4@ (#3)\else\if Y\yearpage@yp\ (#3) #4\else
+ , #4 (#3)\fi \fi \fi}
+
+\def\Lett{Lett.\ }
+\def\Math{Math.\ }
+\def\Nucl{Nucl.\ }
+\def\Phys{Phys.\ }
+\def\Rev{Rev.\ }
+
+\def\NPA{\journalp{\Nucl\Phys}A}
+\def\NPB{\journalp{\Nucl\Phys}B}
+\def\PLA{\journalf{\Phys\Lett}A}
+\def\PLB{\journalf{\Phys\Lett}B}
+\def\PR{\journal{\Phys\Rev}}
+\def\PRA{\journalp{\Phys\Rev}A}
+\def\PRB{\journalp{\Phys\Rev}B}
+\def\PRC{\journalp{\Phys\Rev}C}
+\def\PRD{\journalp{\Phys\Rev}D}
+\def\PRL{\journal{\Phys\Rev\Lett}}
+%*** end of file PHYSJRNL ***
+
+\message{table of contents,}
+
+% \input phystoc
+%*** this is file PHYSTOC as of 03.03.86 ***
+%*** table of contents ***
+
+\newinsert\toc@ins
+\count\toc@ins=0 \dimen\toc@ins=\maxdimen \skip\toc@ins=0pt
+\newcount\auto@toc \auto@toc=-1
+\let\toc@saved\empty
+
+\def\toc@type{toc}
+\newbox\toc@box
+\let\toc@list=\empty
+\newwrite\toc@write \def\toc@file{\toc@file\toc@write0}
+
+\outer\def\tocpage{\glet\toc@page T}
+\outer\def\notocpage{\glet\toc@page F}
+
+\outer\def\tocnone{\gm@ne\auto@toc}
+\outer\def\tocchap{\gz@\auto@toc}
+\outer\def\tocsect{\global\auto@toc\@ne}
+\outer\def\tocsecs{\global\auto@toc\tw@}
+\outer\def\tocsecss{\global\auto@toc\thr@@}
+\outer\def\tocsecsss{\global\auto@toc\f@ur}
+
+\def\toc#1{\read@store{\@toc{#1}}}
+\def\tocadd{\toc\empty}
+\def\@toc#1{\insert\toc@ins{\vbox{}}%
+ \toks@\expandafter{\toc@saved}%
+ \xdef\toc@saved{\the\toks@{#1}{\the\toks@store}}}
+
+\def\make@toc{\setbox\z@\vbox{\unvbox\toc@ins
+ \loop \setbox\z@\lastbox \ifvbox\z@
+ \expandafter\make@@toc\toc@saved\@@ \repeat}}
+\def\make@@toc#1#2{\toks@store{#2}\def\n@xt{#1}\ifx\n@xt\empty \else
+ \edef\n@xt{\the\toks@store\noexpand\toc@fill\page@pref\folio}%
+ \toks@store\expandafter{\n@xt}\fi \@store3{#1}\make@@@toc}
+\def\make@@@toc#1\@@{\gdef\toc@saved{#1}}
+\def\toc@fill{\rightskip4em\parfillskip-\rightskip
+ \leaders\hbox to1em{\hss.\hss}\hfil}
+
+\outer\def\tocout{\@out3\toc@page\tocpref\tochead\emptyt@ks}
+\outer\def\tockill{\@kill3}
+\outer\def\restoretoc#1{\read@@store{\@store3{#1}}}
+%*** end of file PHYSTOC ***
+
+\message{footnotes,}
+
+% \input physfoot
+%*** this is file PHYSFOOT as of 17.03.86 ***
+%*** footnotes ***
+
+\newcount\footn@m \footn@m=0
+\def\foot@type{foot}
+\newbox\foot@box
+\let\foot@list=\empty
+\newwrite\foot@write \def\foot@file{\foot@file\foot@write0}
+
+\outer\def\footsqb{\glet\foot@bp B\glet\thefootn@m\sqbfootn@m}
+\outer\def\footpar{\glet\foot@bp P\glet\thefootn@m\parfootn@m}
+
+\outer\def\footbot{\glet\foot@be B\glet\vfootnote\vfootn@te}
+\outer\def\footend{\glet\foot@be E\glet\vfootnote\foot@store}
+
+\outer\def\footpage{\glet\foot@page T}
+\outer\def\nofootpage{\glet\foot@page F}
+
+\def\sqbfootn@m{\lbrack \the\footn@m \rbrack}
+\def\parfootn@m{\the\footn@m )}
+
+\def\foot{\hfoot \vfootnote\footid}
+\def\hfoot{\g@ne\footn@m \edef\n@xt{{$^{\thefootn@m}$}}%
+ \expandafter\hfootnote\n@xt}
+\def\footnote#1{\hfootnote{#1}\vfootnote\footid}
+\def\hfootnote#1{\let\@sf\empty
+ \ifhmode\unskip\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\/\fi
+ #1\@sf \gdef\footid{#1}}
+\def\vfootn@te#1{\insert\footins\bgroup \footstyle
+ \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
+ \baselineskip\footnotebaselineskip
+ \splittopskip\interfootnoteskip % top baseline for broken footnotes
+ \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM
+ \leftskip.05\hsize \rightskip\z@skip
+ \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip
+ \noindent \llap{#1}\footstrut \after@arg\@foot}
+\let\fo@t=\undefined
+\let\f@@t=\undefined
+\let\f@t=\undefined
+
+\def\foot@store#1{\read@store{\@store4{#1}}}
+\def\footadd{\@add4}
+
+\outer\def\footout{\@out4\foot@page\footpref\foothead\emptyt@ks}
+\outer\def\footkill{\@kill4}
+\outer\def\restorefoot#1{\read@store{\@store4{#1}}}
+%*** end of file PHYSFOOT ***
+
+\message{items and points,}
+
+% \input physitem
+%*** this is file PHYSITEM as of 21.02.86 ***
+%*** item ***
+
+\let\plainitem=\item % rename \item from PLAIN
+
+\def\varitem{\afterassignment\v@ritem \setbox\z@\hbox}
+\def\v@ritem{\hss \bgroup \aftergroup\v@@ritem}
+\def\v@@ritem{\enskip \egroup \endgraf \noindent
+ \hangindent\wd\z@ \box\z@ \ignorespaces}
+
+\def\bpargroup{\bgroup \def\par{\endgraf
+ \edef\n@xt{\egroup \prevdepth\the\prevdepth}\n@xt}}
+
+\def\hvskip{\afterassignment\h@vskip \skip@}
+\def\h@vskip{\unskip\nobreak \vadjust{\vskip\skip@}\lb \ignorespaces}
+
+\def\parvskip{\bgroup \afterassignment\par@vskip \parskip}
+\def\par@vskip{\parindent\hangindent \endgraf \indent \egroup
+ \ignorespaces}
+
+\def\item{\varitem to2.5em}
+\def\sitem{\varitem to4.5em}
+\def\ssitem{\varitem to6.5em}
+
+\def\itemcon{\item{}}
+\def\sitemcon{\sitem{}}
+\def\ssitemcon{\ssitem{}}
+
+%*** point ***
+
+\newcount\pointn@m \pointn@m=0
+\def\pointbegin{\gz@\pointn@m \point}
+\def\point{\g@ne\pointn@m
+ \xdef\the@label{\the\pointn@m}\item{\the@label.}}
+
+\newcount\spointn@m \spointn@m=96
+\def\spointbegin{\global\spointn@m96 \spoint}
+\def\spoint{\g@ne\spointn@m
+ \xdef\the@label{\char\the\spointn@m}\sitem{(\the@label)}}
+
+\newcount\sspointn@m \sspointn@m=0
+\def\sspointbegin{\gz@\sspointn@m \sspoint}
+\def\sspoint{\g@ne\sspointn@m
+ \xdef\the@label{\romannumeral\sspointn@m}\ssitem{\the@label)}}
+
+\let\pointcon=\itemcon
+\let\spointcon=\sitemcon
+\let\sspointcon=\ssitemcon
+
+%*** bull-, star- and dashitem ***
+
+\def\bullitem{\item{$\bullet $}}
+\def\staritem{\item{$\ast $}}
+\def\dashitem{\item{---}}
+\def\sbullitem{\sitem{$\bullet $}}
+\def\sstaritem{\sitem{$\ast $ }}
+\def\sdashitem{\sitem{---}}
+\def\ssbullitem{\ssitem{$\bullet $}}
+\def\ssstaritem{\ssitem{$\ast $ }}
+\def\ssdashitem{\ssitem{---}}
+%*** end of file PHYSITEM ***
+
+\message{matrices and additional math symbols,}
+
+% \input physmath
+%*** this is file PHYSMATH as of 21.02.86 ***
+%*** matrices ***
+
+\def\matc{\let\mat@lfil\hfil \let\mat@rfil\hfil}
+\def\matl{\let\mat@lfil\relax \let\mat@rfil\hfil}
+\def\matr{\let\mat@lfil\hfil \let\mat@rfil\relax}
+
+\def\matrix#1{\,\vcenter{\normalbaselines\m@th
+ \ialign{$\mat@lfil##\mat@rfil$&&\quad$\mat@lfil##\mat@rfil$\crcr
+ \mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}%
+ #1\crcr\mathstrut\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}}}\,}
+
+\def\bordermatrix#1{\begingroup \m@th
+ \setbox\z@\vbox{%
+ \def\cr{\crcr\noalign{\kern2\p@\glet\cr\endline}}%
+ \ialign{$##\hfil$\kern2\p@\kern\p@renwd&\thinspace$\mat@lfil##%
+ \mat@rfil$&&\quad$\mat@lfil##\mat@rfil$\crcr
+ \omit\strut\hfil\crcr\noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}%
+ #1\crcr\omit\strut\cr}}%
+ \setbox\tw@\vbox{\unvcopy\z@\global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}%
+ \setbox\tw@\hbox{\unhbox\@ne\unskip\global\setbox\@ne\lastbox}%
+ \setbox\tw@\hbox{$\kern\wd\@ne\kern-\p@renwd\left(\kern-\wd\@ne
+ \global\setbox\@ne\vbox{\box\@ne\kern2\p@}%
+ \vcenter{\kern-\ht\@ne\unvbox\z@\kern-\baselineskip}\,\right)$}%
+ \;\vbox{\kern\ht\@ne\box\tw@}\endgroup}
+
+\let\mat=\pmatrix
+
+%*** additional math symbols ***
+
+\mathchardef\smallsum="1006
+\mathchardef\smallprod="1005
+
+\def\b@mmode{\relax\ifmmode\else
+ \hbox\bgroup$\def\e@mmode{$\egroup}\fi}
+\let\e@mmode=\empty
+
+\def\{{\b@mmode \lbrace \e@mmode}
+\def\}{\b@mmode \rbrace \e@mmode}
+
+\def\,{\b@mmode \mskip\thinmuskip \e@mmode}
+\def\>{\b@mmode \mskip\medmuskip \e@mmode}
+\def\;{\b@mmode \mskip\thickmuskip \e@mmode}
+
+\def\Mit#1{\b@mmode \mit#1\e@mmode}
+\def\Cal#1{\b@mmode \cal\uppercase\expandafter{#1}\e@mmode}
+
+\def\dotii#1{{\mathop{#1}\limits^{\vbox to -1.4\p@{\kern-2\p@
+ \hbox{\tenrm..}\vss}}}}
+\def\dotiii#1{{\mathop{#1}\limits^{\vbox to -1.4\p@{\kern-2\p@
+ \hbox{\tenrm...}\vss}}}}
+\def\dotiv#1{{\mathop{#1}\limits^{\vbox to -1.4\p@{\kern-2\p@
+ \hbox{\tenrm....}\vss}}}}
+
+\let\vecsymbol\rightarrow
+\let\barsymbol -
+\mathchardef\tildesymbol="0218
+\def\hatsymbol{{\mathchoice{\null}{\null}{\,\,\hbox{\lower 10\p@\hbox
+ {$\widehat{\null}$}}}{\,\hbox{\lower 20\p@\hbox
+ {$\hat{\null}$}}}}}
+\def\dotiisymbol{{\nonscript\,\hbox{\tenrm..}}}
+\def\dotiiisymbol{{\nonscript\,\hbox{\tenrm...}}}
+\def\dotivsymbol{{\nonscript\,\hbox{\tenrm....}}}
+\def\dotsymbol{{\nonscript\,\hbox{\tenrm.}}}
+
+%*** mathematical statements ***
+
+\def\adv@stmt#1#2#3#4{\par\noindent\bpargroup\stmttitlestyle
+ \count@\ifx#2#3#1 \else\z@ \glet#2#3\fi \advance\count@\@ne
+ \xdef#1{\the\count@}\edef\the@label{#4#1}}
+
+\def\make@stmt{\ \the@label \make@@stmt}
+{\catcode`\:\active
+ \gdef\make@@stmt{\ \catcode`\:\active \let:\end@stmt}
+}
+\def\end@stmt{\catcode`\:\@ther \unskip :\stmtstyle
+ \enskip \ignorespaces}
+
+\def\defstmt#1#2#3{\toks@{#2}{\edef\n@xt{\csname#1@stmt@adv\endcsname
+ \the\toks@ \noexpand\make@stmt}%
+ \expandafter\glet\csname#1\endcsname\n@xt \def@stmt{#1@stmt@}#3@}}
+\def\def@stmt#1#2#3@{\if#2=\edef\n@xt{\expandafter\noexpand
+ \csname#3@stmt@adv\endcsname}\else
+ \toks@{\empty}\toks@ii\toks@ \if#2c\toks@{\dot@pref}\fi
+ \if#2s\toks@{\ddot@pref}\if#3c\toks@ii{\sect@dot@pref}\fi \fi
+ \if#3a\toks@ii\toks@ \fi
+ \edef\n@xt{\noexpand\adv@stmt \csname#1num\endcsname
+ \csname#1save\endcsname \the\toks@ \the\toks@ii}\fi
+ \expandafter\glet\csname#1adv\endcsname\n@xt}
+
+\def\Prf{\par\noindent\bpargroup\prftitlestyle \case@language\prfhead
+ \let\stmtstyle\prfstyle \make@@stmt}
+%*** end of file PHYSMATH ***
+
+\message{save, restore and start macros,}
+
+% \input physsave
+%*** this is file PHYSSAVE as of 05.03.86 ***
+%*** save and restore ***
+
+\def\save@type{.texsave } % file type for save and restore
+\newread\test@read
+\newwrite\save@write
+
+\def\s@ve{\immediate\write\save@write}
+\begingroup \catcode`\:=\active \catcode`\;=\active
+ \outer\gdef\save#1 {{\let\,\space
+ \immediate\openout\save@write#1\save@type
+ \s@ve{;* definitions for :restore #1 \date\space- \thetime\space*}%
+ \s@ve{:comment}%
+ \s@ve{:\case@language{german\else english}}\save@page \save@chap
+ \save@equ \save@fig \save@tab \save@ref \save@toc \save@foot
+ \bgroup \def\n@xt##1.##2{\advance##2\@ne \s@ve{:start##1\the##2}}%
+ \n@xt chap.\chapn@m \n@xt sect.\sectn@m
+ \n@xt appendix.\appn@m \n@xt equ.\eqn@m
+ \n@xt fig.\fign@m \n@xt tab.\tabn@m
+ \n@xt ref.\refn@m \n@xt foot.\footn@m \egroup
+ \s@ve{:\ifx\chap@@eq\sect@@eq app\else
+ \ifnum\chapn@m=\z@ sect\else chap\fi \fi init}%
+ \@save0\@save1\@save2\@save3\@save4%
+ \save@restore ref \r@names \save@restore RF \R@names
+ \s@ve{:endcomment}%
+ \save@restore lbl \l@names \save@restore eq \e@names
+ \save@restore fig \f@names \save@restore tab \t@names
+ \s@ve{;* end of definitions *}\immediate\closeout\save@write
+ }\wlog{* file #1\save@type saved *}}
+ \gdef\save@restore#1 {\def\\{\s@ve{:#1restore}%
+ \let\\\save@@restore \\}\the}
+ \gdef\save@@restore#1{\toks@\expandafter{#1}%
+ \s@ve{:dorestore\string#1{\the\toks@}}}
+ \gdef\save@page{\s@ve{:\@opt\page@tbn Ttop Bbot Nno *pagenum%
+ :\@opt\head@lrac Llef Rrigh Aal Ccen *thead%
+ :\@opt\foot@lrac Llef Rrigh Aal Ccen *tfoot%
+ :page\@opt\page@ac Aall Cchap *%
+ :\@opt\ori@pl Pportrait Llandscape *}%
+ \s@ve{:startpage\@opt\page@ac C\the\pageno@pref. *\the\pageno}}
+ \gdef\save@chap{\s@ve{:\@opt\chap@page Fno *chappage%
+ :\@opt\chap@yn Nno *chapters%
+ :\@opt\chap@ar Aarabic Rroman *chapnum}}
+ \gdef\save@equ{\s@ve{:equ\@opt\eq@acs Aall Cchap Ssect *%
+ :equ\@opt\eq@lrn Lleft Rright Nnone *%
+ :equ\@opt\eq@fs Ffull Sshort *}}
+ \gdef\save@fig{\s@ve{:\@opt\fig@page Fno *figpage%
+ :fig\@opt\fig@acs Aall Cchap Ssect *}}
+ \gdef\save@tab{\s@ve{:\@opt\tab@page Fno *tabpage%
+ :tab\@opt\tab@acs Aall Cchap Ssect *}}
+ \gdef\save@ref{\s@ve{:\@opt\ref@page Fno *refpage%
+ :ref\@opt\ref@sbn Ssup Bsqb Nnam *%
+ :\@opt\yearpage@yp Yyearpage Ppageyear *}}
+ \gdef\save@toc{\s@ve{:\@opt\toc@page Fno *tocpage%
+ :toc\ifcase\auto@toc chap\or
+ sect\or secs\or secss\or secsss\else none\fi}}
+ \gdef\save@foot{\s@ve{:\@opt\foot@page Fno *footpage%
+ :foot\@opt\foot@be Bbot Eend *%
+ :foot\@opt\foot@bp Bsqb Ppar *}}
+\endgroup
+\def\@opt#1#2#3 #4{\if #1#2#3\fi \if #4*\else
+ \expandafter\@opt\expandafter#1\expandafter#4\fi}
+
+\begingroup \let\comment=\relax
+ \outer\gdef\restore{\@kill0\@kill1\@kill2\@kill3\@kill4%
+ {\def\\##1{\glet##1\undefined}%
+ \def\n@xt##1{\the##1\global##1\emptyt@ks}%
+ \n@xt\l@names \n@xt\e@names \n@xt\f@names \n@xt\t@names
+ \n@xt\r@names \let\\\@RFdef \n@xt\R@names}
+ \bgroup \let\comment\relax \@restore}
+\endgroup
+\def\crossrestore#1 {\bgroup \openin\test@read#1\save@type
+ \ifeof\test@read \let\n@xt\egroup
+ \message{* file #1\save@type missing *}\else
+ \def\n@xt{\@restore#1 }\closein\test@read \fi \n@xt}
+\def\@restore#1 {\input #1\save@type \egroup}
+\def\all@restore{\glet\name@list}
+\outer\def\dorestore{\bgroup \catcode`\@\l@tter \num@lett\d@restore}
+\def\d@restore#1#2{\egroup \toks@{#2}\def@name\name@list#1{\the\toks@}}
+
+\def\def@name#1#2{\let\name@list#1\add@name#2\xdef#2}
+\def\del@name#1{\bgroup
+ \def\n@xt##1\\#1##2\\#1##3\@@##4{\global##4{##1##2}}%
+ \def\del@@name##1{\expandafter\n@xt\the##1\\#1\\#1\@@##1}%
+ \del@@name\l@names \del@@name\e@names \del@@name\f@names
+ \del@@name\t@names \del@@name\r@names \del@@name\R@names \egroup}
+\def\add@name#1{\del@name#1%
+ {\global\name@list\expandafter{\the\name@list\\#1}}}
+
+\def\kill{\num@lett\@k@ll}
+\def\@k@ll#1{\def\k@ll##1{\ifx##1\k@ll \let\k@ll\relax \else
+ \del@name##1\glet##1\undefined \fi \k@ll}\k@ll#1\k@ll}
+
+%*** start macros ***
+
+\outer\def\startchap{\st@rt\chapn@m}
+\outer\def\startsect{\st@rt\sectn@m}
+\outer\def\startappendix{\st@rt\appn@m}
+\outer\def\startequ{\st@rt\eqn@m}
+\outer\def\startfig{\st@rt\fign@m}
+\outer\def\starttab{\st@rt\tabn@m}
+\outer\def\startref{\st@rt\refn@m}
+\outer\def\startfoot{\st@rt\footn@m}
+
+\def\st@rt#1{\gm@ne#1 \global\advance#1}
+%*** end of file PHYSSAVE ***
+
+\message{installation dependent parameters,}
+
+% \input physinst
+%*** this is file PHYSINST as of 13.03.86 ***
+%*** installation dependent parameters ***
+
+%*** \hoffset@corr, \hoffset@corrm, \voffset@corr and \voffset@corrm
+% are corrections to \hoffset and \voffset chosen such that
+% the output pages are centered correctly on the paper.
+
+%*** the values used are:
+% \hoffset@corr@p etc. for the portrait format are
+% \hoffset@corr@l etc. for the landscape format are
+
+\hoffset@corr@p=86mm \voffset@corr@p=98mm % absolute
+\hoffset@corrm@p=-5mm \voffset@corrm@p=4mm % magnified
+\hoffset@corr@l=134mm \voffset@corr@l=70mm % absolute
+\hoffset@corrm@l=-5mm \voffset@corrm@l=-4mm % magnified
+%*** end of file PHYSINST ***
+
+\catcode`\@=12 % @ signs are no longer letters
+
+\message{and default options.}
+
+%*** default options ***
+
+%\twelvepoint % 12pt, 10pt and 8pt fonts
+%\doublespace % medium spacing between lines
+
+\hbadness=2000 % to avoid too many underfull hbox messages
+
+\english % headings in english language (default for PHYSE)
+
+\botpagenum % page numbers at bottom of page
+\centhead % headlines not alternating,
+ % page numbers (if any) centered
+\centfoot % footlines not alternating,
+ % page numbers (if any) centered
+\pageall % pages numbered thoughout the paper
+\portrait % portrait orientation ( vsize > hsize )
+\titlepage % title etc. on a separate page (e.g. preprint)
+\nochappage % chapters and appendices not on separate pages
+\arabicchapnum % arabic chapter numbers
+\chapters % paper has chapters
+\equchap % equations numbered per chapter and appendix
+\equshort % equation numbers quoted in abbreviated form
+\equright % equation numbers on right side
+\storelist % figure captions etc. stored in lists (macros)
+\figall % figures numbered throughout the paper
+\figpage % figure captions on a separate page
+\nographics % graphic yields an empty frame
+\taball % tables numbered throughout the paper
+\tabpage % table captions on a separate page
+\refsup % quotations of references as superscripts
+\refpage % references on a separate page
+\RFlist % predefined ref's stored in list (macros)
+\yearpage % journals quoted in the form `vol (year) page'
+\tocpage % table of contents on a separate page
+\tocnone % no automatic entries in toc
+\footsqb % footnote numbers in square brackets
+\footbot % footnotes at bottom of page (as footnotes)
+\footpage % footnotes on a separate page (for \footend only)
+\matc % matrix elements are centered
+
+\wlog{summary of allocations:}
+\wlog{last count=\number\count10 }
+\wlog{last dimen=\number\count11 }
+\wlog{last skip=\number\count12 }
+\wlog{last muskip=\number\count13 }
+\wlog{last box=\number\count14 }
+\wlog{last toks=\number\count15 }
+\wlog{last read=\number\count16 }
+\wlog{last write=\number\count17 }
+\wlog{last fam=\number\count18 }
+\wlog{last insert=\number\count19 }
+
+%*** make sure the file physupdt with corrections and updates
+% is read by the user
+
+\let\physpar=\par
+\def\resetpar{\glet\par\physpar \glet\physpar\undefined
+ \glet\resetpar\undefined}
+\def\par{\begingroup
+ \errhelp{You should have used the command `\input physupdt' to read
+ the corrections and updates to the current version of PHYS(E)}%
+ \errmessage{file physupdt missing}\endgroup \resetpar \par}%
+%
+%*** no more blank lines until physupdt is read !!
+%
+\def\fmtname{phys}
+\def\fmtversion{1.0} % identifies the current format
+%*** end of file PHYSORG ***
+\english % default language for headings etc. is english
+%\dump
+%*** end of file PHYSE ***
diff --git a/macros/physe/physupdt.tex b/macros/physe/physupdt.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f69f53326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/physe/physupdt.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+%*** this is file PHYSUPDT as of 1988.04.06 ***
+%*** modifications and updates to PHYS-TeX version 1.0 ***
+%
+%*** make sure this file is read once and only once !!
+%
+\ifx\resetpar\undefined
+ \wlog{* don't read the file physupdt twice !! *}%
+ \expandafter\endinput\fi
+\resetpar % restore definition of \par
+
+\def\fmtupdt{1.3.0} % identifies the current update version
+
+\wlog{* modifications and updates as of 1988.04.11 *}
+
+\ifx\userid\undefined \def\userid{YOUR~USERID}\fi
+
+\def\wlog#1{} % suppress allocation messages
+\catcode`\@=11
+
+%*** physorg ***
+
+%*** physmain ***
+
+%*** physfont ***
+
+%*** load am... or cm... fonts according to PLAIN's selection ***
+
+%\font\sevensl=\font@sel sl7 %not included in physe (check for TFM first)
+
+%*** sizes ***
+
+\def\modtwelvepoint{\modtwelve@point
+ \let\normal@spacing\twelve@spacing \set@spacing
+ \let\big=\modtwelvebig \let\Big=\modtwelveBig
+ \let\bigg=\modtwelvebigg \let\Bigg=\modtwelveBigg}
+\def\modtwelvebig#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to9.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\modtwelveBig#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to12.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\modtwelvebigg#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to15.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+\def\modtwelveBigg#1{{\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to18.5\p@{}\right.\n@space$}}}
+
+%*** fonts for sizes ***
+
+\def\modtwelve@point{\set@fonts twelve nine eight } %let 8 ->7 if tfm's avail.
+
+%*** macros for sizes ***
+
+\def\modlarge{\par \bgroup \modtwelvepoint \after@arg\@size}
+\def\MODLARGE#1{{\modtwelve@point #1}}
+
+%*** phystext ***
+
+%*** physpage ***
+
+%*** physchap ***
+
+%*** physequ ***
+
+%*** physstor ***
+
+%*** physfig ***
+
+%*** physpict ***
+
+%*** ProPLOT macros ***
+
+\outer\def\ProPLOTfigs{\glet\ProPLOTpfig\pr@pfig \glet\ProPLOTlfig\pr@lfig}
+\outer\def\noProPLOTfigs{\glet\ProPLOTpfig\nopr@fig \glet\ProPLOTlfig\nopr@fig}
+
+\def\pr@pfig#1#2#3#4{\hbox\bgroup \setbox\z@\hbox{\special{ps: plotfile #1}}
+ \dimen\z@=#3 \advance\dimen\z@ by #4 \wd\z@=#2 \ht\z@=\dimen\z@ \dp\z@=\z@
+ \lower#4\box\z@ \egroup}
+\def\pr@lfig#1#2#3#4{\hbox\bgroup \setbox\z@\null
+ \dimen\z@=#3 \advance\dimen\z@ by #4 \wd\z@=#2 \ht\z@=#3 \dp\z@=#4 \box\z@
+ \wd\z@=\z@ \setbox\z@\hbox{\special{ps: plotfile #1}} \lower#4\box\z@ \egroup}
+%\def\pr@fig#1#2#3#4{\hbox\bgroup \setbox\z@\hbox{\special{ps: plotfile #1}}%
+% \lower#4\copy\z@ \hskip#2\raise#3\box\z@ \egroup}
+\def\nopr@fig#1#2#3#4{\hbox\bgroup \write\m@ne{Insert ProPLOT Output File: #1}%
+ \frame{#2}{#3}{#4}\egroup}
+
+\ProPLOTfigs %set the default
+
+%*** phystab ***
+
+%*** phystabl ***
+
+%*** physref ***
+
+%*** physjrnl ***
+
+%*** phystoc ***
+
+%*** physfoot ***
+
+%*** physitem ***
+
+%*** physmath ***
+
+%*** physsave ***
+
+\def\save@type{.sav } % file type for save and restore
+ % modified from .texsave to .sav for PC use
+%*** physinst ***
+
+%*** physorg (options which must be set after defining macros) ***
+
+
+\def\wlog{\immediate\write\m@ne} % restore PLAIN's definition
+\catcode`\@=12 % @ signs are no longer letters
+%*** end of file PHYSUPDT ***