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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<!-- This manual documents the Eplain macros, version 3.9,
+May 2019. Eplain provides functionality for plain TeX that
+is intended to be useful regardless of how your document is actually
+formatted.
+
+Most of this manual is in the public domain, like most of the Eplain
+code. It was originally written by Karl Berry, starting in 1989.
+Steven Smith wrote the documentation for the commutative diagram
+macros; this chapter is under the GNU General Public License. Adam
+Lewenberg has made additions and corrections. Oleg Katsitadze wrote
+the section on LaTeX packages and the chapter on hyperlinks, and
+updates throughout. -->
+<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.6, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
+<title>Eplain: Expanded Plain TeX</title>
+
+<meta name="description" content="Eplain: Expanded Plain TeX">
+<meta name="keywords" content="Eplain: Expanded Plain TeX">
+<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
+<meta name="distribution" content="global">
+<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
+<link href="#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
+<link href="#Macro-index" rel="index" title="Macro index">
+<link href="#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
+<link href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml/" rel="up" title="(dir)">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
+blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
+div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
+kbd {font-style: oblique}
+pre.display {font-family: inherit}
+pre.format {font-family: inherit}
+pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
+pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
+span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
+span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal}
+span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
+ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
+-->
+</style>
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body lang="en">
+<h1 class="settitle" align="center">Eplain: Expanded Plain TeX</h1>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<span id="SEC_Overview"></span>
+<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2>
+
+<div class="shortcontents">
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+<li><a id="stoc-Introduction-1" href="#toc-Introduction-1">1 Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Installation-1" href="#toc-Installation-1">2 Installation</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Invoking-Eplain-1" href="#toc-Invoking-Eplain-1">3 Invoking Eplain</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-User-definitions-1" href="#toc-User-definitions-1">4 User definitions</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Hyperlinks-1" href="#toc-Hyperlinks-1">5 Hyperlinks</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Arrow-theoretic-diagrams-1" href="#toc-Arrow-theoretic-diagrams-1">6 Arrow theoretic diagrams</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Programming-definitions-1" href="#toc-Programming-definitions-1">7 Programming definitions</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Demo-files-1" href="#toc-Demo-files-1">8 Demo files</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Macro-index-1" href="#toc-Macro-index-1">Macro index</a></li>
+<li><a id="stoc-Concept-index-1" href="#toc-Concept-index-1">Concept index</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<span id="SEC_Contents"></span>
+<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
+
+<div class="contents">
+
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Introduction-1" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Installation-1" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Invoking-Eplain-1" href="#Invoking-Eplain">3 Invoking Eplain</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-User-definitions-1" href="#User-definitions">4 User definitions</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Diagnostics-1" href="#Diagnostics">4.1 Diagnostics</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Rules-1" href="#Rules">4.2 Rules</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Citations-1" href="#Citations">4.3 Citations</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Formatting-citations-1" href="#Formatting-citations">4.3.1 Formatting citations</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Formatting-bibliographies-1" href="#Formatting-bibliographies">4.3.2 Formatting bibliographies</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Commands-from-LaTeX-1" href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">4.3.3 Commands from LaTeX</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Displays-1" href="#Displays">4.4 Displays</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Formatting-displays-1" href="#Formatting-displays">4.4.1 Formatting displays</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Time-of-day-1" href="#Time-of-day">4.5 Time of day</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Lists-1" href="#Lists">4.6 Lists</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Formatting-lists-1" href="#Formatting-lists">4.6.1 Formatting lists</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Verbatim-listing-1" href="#Verbatim-listing">4.7 Verbatim listing</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Contents-1" href="#Contents">4.8 Contents</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Writing-the-_002etoc-file-1" href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">4.8.1 Writing the <tt>.toc</tt> file</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Reading-the-_002etoc-file-1" href="#Reading-the-_002etoc-file">4.8.2 Reading the <tt>.toc</tt> file</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name-1" href="#Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name">4.8.3 Changing the <tt>.toc</tt> file&rsquo;s root name</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Alternative-contents-files-1" href="#Alternative-contents-files">4.8.4 Alternative contents files</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Cross_002dreferences-1" href="#Cross_002dreferences">4.9 Cross-references</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Defining-generic-references-1" href="#Defining-generic-references">4.9.1 Defining generic references</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Using-generic-references-1" href="#Using-generic-references">4.9.2 Using generic references</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Page-references-1" href="#Page-references">4.10 Page references</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Equation-references-1" href="#Equation-references">4.11 Equation references</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Formatting-equation-references-1" href="#Formatting-equation-references">4.11.1 Formatting equation references</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Subequation-references-1" href="#Subequation-references">4.11.2 Subequation references</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Indexing-1" href="#Indexing">4.12 Indexing</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Indexing-terms-1" href="#Indexing-terms">4.12.1 Indexing terms</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Indexing-commands-1" href="#Indexing-commands">4.12.1.1 Indexing commands</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Modifying-index-entries-1" href="#Modifying-index-entries">4.12.1.2 Modifying index entries</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Index-entries-with-special-characters-1" href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">4.12.1.3 Index entries with special characters</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Proofing-index-terms-1" href="#Proofing-index-terms">4.12.1.4 Proofing index terms</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Typesetting-an-index-1" href="#Typesetting-an-index">4.12.2 Typesetting an index</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Customizing-indexing-1" href="#Customizing-indexing">4.12.3 Customizing indexing</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Justification-1" href="#Justification">4.13 Justification</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Tables-1" href="#Tables">4.14 Tables</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Margins-1" href="#Margins">4.15 Margins</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Multiple-columns-1" href="#Multiple-columns">4.16 Multiple columns</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Footnotes-1" href="#Footnotes">4.17 Footnotes</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Fractions-1" href="#Fractions">4.18 Fractions</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Paths-1" href="#Paths">4.19 Paths</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Logos-1" href="#Logos">4.20 Logos</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Boxes-1" href="#Boxes">4.21 Boxes</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Checking-for-PDF-output-1" href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">4.22 Checking for PDF output</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Loading-LaTeX-packages-1" href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">4.23 Loading LaTeX packages</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-The-_005cusepackage-command-1" href="#The-_005cusepackage-command">4.23.1 The <code>\usepackage</code> command</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Environment-for-loading-packages-1" href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">4.23.2 Environment for loading packages</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Packages-known-to-work-1" href="#Packages-known-to-work">4.23.3 Packages known to work</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Packages-known-not-to-work-1" href="#Packages-known-not-to-work">4.23.4 Packages known not to work</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Hyperlinks-1" href="#Hyperlinks">5 Hyperlinks</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Introduction-to-hyperlinks-1" href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">5.1 Introduction to hyperlinks</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Explicit-hyperlinks-1" href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">5.2 Explicit hyperlinks</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Implicit-hyperlinks-1" href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">5.3 Implicit hyperlinks</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-General-hyperlinks_003a-hrefint_002c-hrefext" href="#General-hyperlinks">5.3.1 General hyperlinks: hrefint, hrefext</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-URL-hyperlinks_003a-url" href="#URL-hyperlinks">5.3.2 URL hyperlinks: url</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Citation-hyperlinks_003a-cite_002c-bib" href="#Citation-hyperlinks">5.3.3 Citation hyperlinks: cite, bib</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-List-hyperlinks_003a-li" href="#List-hyperlinks">5.3.4 List hyperlinks: li</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks_003a-definexref_002c-ref" href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">5.3.5 Cross-reference hyperlinks: definexref, ref</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Page-reference-hyperlinks_003a-xrdef_002c-xref" href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">5.3.6 Page reference hyperlinks: xrdef, xref</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Equation-reference-hyperlinks_003a-eq" href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">5.3.7 Equation reference hyperlinks: eq</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Index-hyperlinks_003a-idx" href="#Index-hyperlinks">5.3.8 Index hyperlinks: idx</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Exact-destinations-for-index-terms-1" href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">5.3.8.1 Exact destinations for index terms</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Page-destinations-for-index-terms-1" href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">5.3.8.2 Page destinations for index terms</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Choosing-destination-placement-1" href="#Choosing-destination-placement">5.3.8.3 Choosing destination placement</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Index-page-list-and-page-range-parsers-1" href="#Index-page-list-and-page-range-parsers">5.3.8.4 Index page list and page range parsers</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries-1" href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries">5.3.8.5 Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Footnote-hyperlinks_003a-foot_002c-footback" href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">5.3.9 Footnote hyperlinks: foot, footback</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Contents-hyperlinks-1" href="#Contents-hyperlinks">5.3.10 Contents hyperlinks</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Hyperlink-drivers-1" href="#Hyperlink-drivers">5.4 Hyperlink drivers</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Options-supported-by-all-drivers-1" href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">5.4.1 Options supported by all drivers</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Hyperlink-driver-hypertex-1" href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">5.4.2 Hyperlink driver <code>hypertex</code></a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Destination-types-for-hypertex-1" href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">5.4.2.1 Destination types for <code>hypertex</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Destination-options-for-hypertex-1" href="#Destination-options-for-hypertex">5.4.2.2 Destination options for <code>hypertex</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Link-types-for-hypertex-1" href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">5.4.2.3 Link types for <code>hypertex</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Link-options-for-hypertex-1" href="#Link-options-for-hypertex">5.4.2.4 Link options for <code>hypertex</code></a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1" href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">5.4.3 Hyperlink drivers <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1" href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">5.4.3.1 Destination types for <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1" href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">5.4.3.2 Destination options for <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1" href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">5.4.3.3 Link types for <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1" href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">5.4.3.4 Link options for <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Hyperlink-driver-nolinks-1" href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">5.4.4 Hyperlink driver <code>nolinks</code></a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options-1" href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">5.5 Setting hyperlink types and options</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Setting-default-types-and-options-1" href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">5.5.1 Setting default types and options</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Setting-group-types-1" href="#Setting-group-types">5.5.2 Setting group types</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Setting-group-options-1" href="#Setting-group-options">5.5.3 Setting group options</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-1" href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff">5.6 Turning hyperlinks on/off</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff-1" href="#Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff">5.6.1 Turning low-level commands on/off</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group-1" href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group">5.6.2 Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Making-PDF-outlines-1" href="#Making-PDF-outlines">5.7 Making PDF outlines</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Arrow-theoretic-diagrams-1" href="#Arrow-theoretic-diagrams">6 Arrow theoretic diagrams</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Slanted-lines-and-vectors-1" href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors">6.1 Slanted lines and vectors</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Commutative-diagrams-1" href="#Commutative-diagrams">6.2 Commutative diagrams</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Arrows-and-morphisms-1" href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">6.2.1 Arrows and morphisms</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Construction-of-commutative-diagrams-1" href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">6.2.2 Construction of commutative diagrams</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Commutative-diagram-parameters-1" href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">6.2.3 Commutative diagram parameters</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Programming-definitions-1" href="#Programming-definitions">7 Programming definitions</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Category-codes-1" href="#Category-codes">7.1 Category codes</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Allocation-macros-1" href="#Allocation-macros">7.2 Allocation macros</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Iteration-1" href="#Iteration">7.3 Iteration</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Macro-arguments-1" href="#Macro-arguments">7.4 Macro arguments</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Converting-to-characters-1" href="#Converting-to-characters">7.5 Converting to characters</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Expansion-1" href="#Expansion">7.6 Expansion</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-_005ccsn-and-_005cece-1" href="#g_t_005ccsn-and-_005cece">7.6.1 <code>\csn</code> and <code>\ece</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cedefappend-1" href="#g_t_005cedefappend">7.6.2 <code>\edefappend</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Hooks-1" href="#Hooks">7.6.3 Hooks</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Properties-1" href="#Properties">7.6.4 Properties</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cexpandonce-1" href="#g_t_005cexpandonce">7.6.5 <code>\expandonce</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cifundefined-1" href="#g_t_005cifundefined">7.6.6 <code>\ifundefined</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cifempty-1" href="#g_t_005cifempty">7.6.7 <code>\ifempty</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger-1" href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">7.6.8 <code>\ifinteger</code> and <code>\isinteger</code></a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-_005cfuturenonspacelet-1" href="#g_t_005cfuturenonspacelet">7.6.9 <code>\futurenonspacelet</code></a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Obeying-spaces-1" href="#Obeying-spaces">7.7 Obeying spaces</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Writing-out-numbers-1" href="#Writing-out-numbers">7.8 Writing out numbers</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Mode_002dspecific-penalties-1" href="#Mode_002dspecific-penalties">7.9 Mode-specific penalties</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Auxiliary-files-1" href="#Auxiliary-files">7.10 Auxiliary files</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-User_002ddefined-environments-1" href="#User_002ddefined-environments">7.11 User-defined environments</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Page-list-and-page-range-parsers-1" href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">7.12 Page list and page range parsers</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Demo-files-1" href="#Demo-files">8 Demo files</a>
+ <ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a id="toc-Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029-1" href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">8.1 Hyperlinks (<code>xhyper.tex</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029-1" href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">8.2 Highlighting TeX comments in listings (<code>lscommnt.tex</code>)</a></li>
+ </ul></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Macro-index-1" href="#Macro-index">Macro index</a></li>
+ <li><a id="toc-Concept-index-1" href="#Concept-index">Concept index</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+<span id="Top"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml/" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Eplain"></span><h1 class="top">Eplain</h1>
+
+<p>This manual documents the Eplain macros, version 3.9,
+May 2019. Eplain provides functionality for plain TeX that
+is intended to be useful regardless of how your document is actually
+formatted.
+</p>
+<p>Most of this manual is in the public domain, like most of the Eplain
+code. It was originally written by Karl Berry, starting in 1989.
+Steven Smith wrote the documentation for the commutative diagram
+macros; this chapter is under the GNU General Public License. Adam
+Lewenberg has made additions and corrections. Oleg Katsitadze wrote
+the section on LaTeX packages and the chapter on hyperlinks, and
+updates throughout.
+</p>
+<p>The Eplain home page is <a href="https://tug.org/eplain">https://tug.org/eplain</a>.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="1">Introduction</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Eplain&rsquo;s purpose and philosophy.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Installation" accesskey="2">Installation</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Installing Eplain.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Invoking-Eplain" accesskey="3">Invoking Eplain</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Using Eplain from a TeX file.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="4">User definitions</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Macros to be used in a document.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="5">Hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing documents with hyperlinks.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Arrow-theoretic-diagrams" accesskey="6">Arrow theoretic diagrams</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Macros for commutative diagrams.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="7">Programming definitions</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Macros to be used in writing other macros.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Demo-files" accesskey="8">Demo files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Sample documents demonstrating Eplain.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Macro-index" accesskey="9">Macro index</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Entries for TeX and Eplain control sequences.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Concept-index">Concept index</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">General index.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment"> &mdash; The Detailed Node Listing &mdash;
+
+User definitions
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Tracing information.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Rules">Rules</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the default rule dimensions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Using BibTeX and Eplain to make bibliographies.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the formatting of math displays.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Time-of-day">Time of day</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing the time of day.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing numbered and unordered lists.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing text just as it appears.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Contents">Contents</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making a table of contents.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Cross_002dreferences">Cross-references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Symbolically referring to pages or equations.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-references">Page references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Symbolic references to page numbers.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Symbolic references to equation numbers.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Creating and typesetting indexes.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Left- or right-justification, or centering.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Tables">Tables</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing ordered tables.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the margins directly.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Getting output in two columns.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Autonumbered footnotes; changing formatting.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fractions">Fractions</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">A better way to produce fractions in text.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Paths">Paths</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Allowing line breaks in pathnames.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Various logos.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing filled or open rectangles.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Checking for pdfTeX in PDF mode.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Support for LaTeX packages under plain TeX.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Citations
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-citations">Formatting citations</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the way citations are printed.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the way bibliographies are printed.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Displays
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-displays">Formatting displays</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">General formatting of displays.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Lists
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing how the lists look.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Contents
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Reading-the-_002etoc-file">Reading the .toc file</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name">Changing the .toc file's root name</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Alternative-contents-files">Alternative contents files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Cross-references
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Defining-generic-references">Defining generic references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Equation references
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-equation-references">Formatting equation references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Subequation-references">Subequation references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Indexing
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Indexing-terms">Indexing terms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying what to index.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Printing the sorted output.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Creating commands and specifying extra actions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Indexing terms
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making index entries.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Ranges, see/see also, page number typesetting.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Noting index entries in the margins.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Loading LaTeX packages
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#The-_005cusepackage-command">The \usepackage command</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Command to load packages.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Environment for the \usepackage commands.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Supported packages.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Packages-known-not-to-work">Packages known not to work</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Packages known not to work with Eplain.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Hyperlinks
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers">Hyperlink drivers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Implicit hyperlinks
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">hrefint, hrefext
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">url
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">cite, bib
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#List-hyperlinks">List hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">li
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">definexref, ref
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">xrdef, xref
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">eq
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">idx
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">foot, footback
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Contents-hyperlinks">Contents hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Index hyperlinks
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">Page destinations for index terms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Index-page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Index page list and page range parsers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries">Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Hyperlink drivers
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Hyperlink driver hypertex::
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Destination-options-for-hypertex">Destination options for hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-options-for-hypertex">Link options for hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm::
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Setting hyperlink types and options
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Turning hyperlinks on/off
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff">Turning low-level commands on/off</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group">Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Arrow theoretic diagrams
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors">Slanted lines and vectors</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Commutative-diagrams">Commutative diagrams</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Commutative diagrams
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Programming definitions
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing category codes.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Non-outer versions of \newcount et al.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Doing &lsquo;for&rsquo; and &lsquo;while&rsquo; loops in TeX.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Reading and ignoring them.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Converting-to-characters">Converting to characters</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Normalizing control sequences and spaces.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Expansion">Expansion</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling expansion.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Obeying-spaces">Obeying spaces</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making whitespace count anywhere.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Writing-out-numbers">Writing out numbers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making &lsquo;1&rsquo; into &lsquo;one&rsquo;.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Mode_002dspecific-penalties">Mode-specific penalties</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Auxiliary-files">Auxiliary files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Testing for their existence.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#User_002ddefined-environments">User-defined environments</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">User-defined environments.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Expansion
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005ccsn-and-_005cece">\csn and \ece</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cedefappend">\edefappend</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hooks">Hooks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Manipulating and executing named actions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Properties">Properties</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Associating information with a csname.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cexpandonce">\expandonce</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cifundefined">\ifundefined</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cifempty">\ifempty</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cfuturenonspacelet">\futurenonspacelet</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment">
+
+Demo files
+
+</pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Introduction"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Introduction-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>
+
+<span id="index-Eplain_002c-purpose-of"></span>
+
+<span id="index-xeplain_002etex"></span>
+<p>The <em>Eplain</em> macro package expands on and extends the definitions in
+plain TeX. Its home on the web is <a href="https://tug.org/eplain">https://tug.org/eplain</a>.
+</p>
+<p>This manual describes the definitions that you, as either an author or
+a macro writer, might like to use. It doesn&rsquo;t discuss the
+implementation; see comments in the source code (<samp>xeplain.tex</samp>)
+for that.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain is not intended to provide typesetting capabilities, as
+does LaTeX (originally written by Leslie Lamport)
+<span id="index-LaTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-Lamport_002c-Leslie"></span>
+and Texinfo
+<span id="index-Texinfo"></span>
+(Originally written by Richard Stallman).
+<span id="index-Stallman_002c-Richard"></span>
+<span id="index-rms"></span>
+Instead, it provides definitions that are intended to be useful
+regardless of the high-level commands that you use when you actually
+prepare your manuscript.
+</p>
+<p>For example, Eplain does not have a command <code>\section</code> to format
+section headings in an &ldquo;appropriate&rdquo; way, such as LaTeX&rsquo;s
+<code>\section</code>. The philosophy of Eplain is that some people will
+always need or want to go beyond the macro designer&rsquo;s idea of
+&ldquo;appropriate&rdquo;. Such canned macros are fine&mdash;as long as you are
+willing to accept the resulting output. If you don&rsquo;t like the
+results, or if you are trying to match a different format, you have to
+put in extra work to override the defaults.
+</p>
+<p>On the other hand, almost everyone would like capabilities such as
+cross-referencing by labels, so that you don&rsquo;t have to put actual page
+numbers in the manuscript. The author of Eplain
+<span id="index-Berry_002c-Karl"></span>
+is not aware of any generally available macro packages that (1)&nbsp;do
+not force their typographic style on an author, and yet (2)&nbsp;provide
+such capabilities.
+</p>
+<p>Besides such generic macros as cross-referencing, Eplain contains
+another set of definitions: ones that change the conventions of plain
+TeX&rsquo;s output. For example, math displays in TeX are, by
+default, centered. If you want your displays to come out
+left-justified, you have to plow through <cite>The TeXbook</cite> to find
+some way to do it, and then adapt the code to your own needs. Eplain
+tries to take care of the messy details of such things, while still
+leaving the detailed appearance of the output up to you.
+</p>
+<p>Finally, numerous definitions turned out to be useful as Eplain was
+developed. They are also documented in this manual, on the chance that
+people writing other macros will be able to use them.
+</p>
+<p>You can send bug reports or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:tex-eplain@tug.org">tex-eplain@tug.org</a>. The current version number of Eplain is
+defined as the macro <code>\fmtversion</code>
+<span id="index-version-number"></span>
+<span id="index-fmtversion"></span>
+at the end of the source file <samp>eplain.tex</samp>. When corresponding,
+please refer to it.
+</p>
+<p>To get on this mailing list yourself, email
+<a href="mailto:tex-eplain-request@tug.org">tex-eplain-request@tug.org</a> with a message whose body contains
+a line
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">subscribe <var>you@your.preferred.address</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>or visit <a href="http://lists.tug.org/tex-eplain">http://lists.tug.org/tex-eplain</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-Walden_002c-David"></span>
+<p>David Walden had reported his experience with Eplain as a new user.
+The article is available online at
+<a href="https://tug.org/pracjourn/2005-4/walden">https://tug.org/pracjourn/2005-4/walden</a>. An introductory
+article (written for
+<span id="index-TUGboat"></span>
+<i>TUGboat</i>) is also available online at
+<a href="https://tug.org/eplain/misc/tb84katsi.pdf">https://tug.org/eplain/misc/tb84katsi.pdf</a>.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Installation"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Invoking-Eplain" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invoking Eplain</a>, Previous: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Introduction</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Installation-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2>
+
+<span id="index-Eplain_002c-installing"></span>
+<span id="index-installation"></span>
+<span id="index-Eplain_002c-upgrading"></span>
+<span id="index-upgrading"></span>
+<p>Your TeX installation should already contain a version of Eplain
+(<samp>eplain.tex</samp>) in its main <samp>texmf</samp> tree (usually under
+<samp>/usr/share/texmf/tex/eplain/</samp> on Unix systems). To install a
+newer version of Eplain, put the new <samp>eplain.tex</samp> (included in
+Eplain distributions) in the <samp>tex/eplain/</samp> subdirectory of your
+local <samp>texmf</samp> tree. The newer version you install in the local
+tree should override the older one in the main tree.
+</p>
+<p>The location of the local <samp>texmf</samp> tree obviously depends on your
+operating system and TeX installation. On Unix systems the usual
+location is <samp>/usr/local/share/texmf/</samp>. If you don&rsquo;t have write
+permissions for <samp>/usr/local/share/texmf/</samp>, many installations read
+the <samp>texmf</samp> tree in the user&rsquo;s home directory; <samp>eplain.tex</samp>
+then should go under <samp>~/texmf/tex/eplain/</samp>. For more information
+about TeX directory structure, please see
+<a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-TEXINPUTS"></span>
+<p>If you prefer to install <samp>eplain.tex</samp> in a non-standard place, set
+an environment variable (<code>TEXINPUTS</code> for the Web2C port of TeX
+to Unix) to tell TeX how to find it.
+</p>
+<p>If you want, you can also create a format (<samp>.fmt</samp>)
+<span id="index-_002efmt-file"></span>
+<span id="index-format-file"></span>
+<span id="index-eplain_002efmt"></span>
+file for Eplain, which will eliminate the time spent reading the macro
+source file with <code>\input</code>. You do this by issuing a sequence of
+Unix commands something like this:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">prompt$ touch eplain.aux
+prompt$ initex
+This is TeX, ...
+**&amp;plain eplain
+(eplain.tex)
+*\dump
+... <var>messages</var> ...
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-eplain_002eaux"></span>
+<span id="index-undefined-labels_002c-warnings-about"></span>
+<p>You must make sure that <samp>eplain.aux</samp> exists <em>before</em> you
+run <samp>initex</samp>; otherwise, warning messages about undefined labels
+will never be issued.
+</p>
+<span id="index-TEXFORMATS"></span>
+<p>You then have to install the resulting <samp>eplain.fmt</samp> in your local
+<samp>texmf</samp> tree or set an environment variable to tell TeX how to
+find it. For the Web2C port of TeX to Unix, format files are usually
+installed under <samp>/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c/</samp> or
+<samp>/var/lib/texmf/web2c/</samp>; the environment variable is
+<code>TEXFORMATS</code>.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Invoking-Eplain"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="n" rel="next">User definitions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Installation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Installation</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Invoking-Eplain-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">3 Invoking Eplain</h2>
+
+<span id="index-Eplain_002c-invoking"></span>
+<p>The simplest way to use Eplain is simply to put:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\input eplain
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>at the beginning of your input file. The macro file is small
+enough that reading it does not take an unbearably long time&mdash;at least on
+contemporary machines.
+</p>
+<p>In addition, if a format (<samp>.fmt</samp>)
+<span id="index-_002efmt-file-1"></span>
+file has been created for Eplain (see the previous section), you can
+eliminate the time spent reading the macro source file. You do this
+by responding <code>&amp;eplain</code> to TeX&rsquo;s &lsquo;<samp>**</samp>&rsquo; prompt. For
+example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">initex
+This is TeX, ...
+**&amp;eplain myfile
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Depending on the implementation of TeX which you are using, you might
+also be able to invoke TeX as <samp>eplain</samp> and have the format file
+automatically read.
+</p>
+<p>If you write something which you will be distributing to others, you
+won&rsquo;t know if the Eplain format will be loaded already. If it is, then
+doing <code>\input eplain</code> will waste time; if it isn&rsquo;t, then you must
+load it. To solve this, Eplain defines the control sequence
+<code>\eplain</code>
+<span id="index-eplain"></span>
+to be the letter <code>t</code> (a convention borrowed from Lisp; it doesn&rsquo;t
+actually matter what the definition is, only that the definition
+exists). Therefore, you can do the following:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\ifx\eplain\undefined \input eplain \fi
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <code>\undefined</code> must never acquire a definition.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain consists of several source files:
+</p><dl compact="compact">
+<dt><samp>xeplain.tex</samp></dt>
+<dd><p>most of the macros;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><samp>arrow.tex</samp></dt>
+<dd><p>commutative diagram macros (see <a href="#Arrow-theoretic-diagrams">Arrow theoretic diagrams</a>), written by
+Steven Smith;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><samp>btxmac.tex</samp></dt>
+<dd><p>bibliography-related macros (see <a href="#Citations">Citations</a>);
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><samp>ifpdf.sty</samp></dt>
+<dd><p>sets the switch <code>\ifpdf</code>, which can be used to detect pdfTeX
+in PDF mode (see <a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a>), written by Heiko
+Oberdiek;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><samp>path.sty</samp></dt>
+<dd><p>macro for allowing line breaks at punctuation characters within long
+pathnames, electronic mail addresses, etc., (see <a href="#Paths">Paths</a>), written
+by Philip Taylor;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><samp>texnames.sty</samp></dt>
+<dd><p>abbreviations for various TeX-related names (see <a href="#Logos">Logos</a>), edited
+by Nelson Beebe.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The file <samp>eplain.tex</samp> is all of these files merged
+together, with comments removed. The original sources can be found in
+Eplain source zip archive in your TeX distribution, on <acronym>CTAN</acronym>
+or on Eplain&rsquo;s home page at <a href="https://tug.org/eplain">https://tug.org/eplain</a>.
+</p>
+<p>All of these files except <samp>xeplain.tex</samp> can be input individually,
+if all you want are the definitions in that file.
+</p>
+<p>Also, since the bibliography macros are fairly extensive, you might not
+want to load them, to conserve TeX&rsquo;s memory. Therefore, if the
+control sequence <code>\nobibtex</code>
+<span id="index-nobibtex"></span>
+is defined, then the bibliography definitions are skipped. You must set
+<code>\nobibtex</code> before <samp>eplain.tex</samp> is read, naturally. For
+example, you could start your input file like this:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\let\nobibtex = t
+\input eplain
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>By default, <code>\nobibtex</code> is undefined, and so the
+bibliography definitions <em>are</em> made.
+</p>
+<span id="index-noarrow"></span>
+<p>Likewise, define <code>\noarrow</code> if you don&rsquo;t want to include the
+commutative diagram macros from <samp>arrow.tex</samp>, perhaps because you
+already have conflicting ones.
+</p>
+<p>If you don&rsquo;t want to read or write an <samp>aux</samp> file at all, for any
+kind of cross-referencing, define <code>\noauxfile</code>
+<span id="index-noauxfile"></span>
+before reading <samp>eplain.tex</samp>. This also turns off all warnings
+about undefined labels.
+</p>
+<span id="index-amsppt_002esty"></span>
+<span id="index-AMSTeX-conflicts"></span>
+<p>Eplain conflicts with AMSTeX (to be precise, with <samp>amsppt.sty</samp>):
+the macros <code>\cite</code> and <code>\ref</code> are defined by both.
+</p>
+<p>If you want to use AMSTeX&rsquo;s <code>\cite</code>, the solution is to define
+<code>\nobibtex</code> before reading Eplain, as described above.
+</p>
+<p>If you have <samp>amsppt.sty</samp> loaded and use <code>\ref</code>, Eplain writes
+a warning on your terminal. If you want to use the AMSTeX
+<code>\ref</code>, do <code>\let\ref = \amsref</code> after reading Eplain.
+To avoid the warning, do <code>\let\ref = \eplainref</code> after reading
+Eplain and before using <code>\ref</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-texi2dvi"></span>
+<span id="index-bibtex"></span>
+<span id="index-makeindex"></span>
+<p>Sometimes you may need to run TeX more then once on your
+<samp>.tex</samp> file in order to produce and typeset indexes, resolve
+undefined cross-references and/or citations. The shell script
+<code>texi2dvi</code> from the Texinfo documentation system (see
+<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo">http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo</a>) can automate this process:
+it runs BibTeX, MakeIndex and TeX as many times as needed to
+complete the compilation process. You will need to set the
+<code>LATEX</code> environment variable to &lsquo;<samp>tex</samp>&rsquo;. For example, in a
+Bourne-compatible shell, the following command will do all the work:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">prompt$ LATEX=tex texi2dvi file.tex
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-pdftex"></span>
+<p>(Despite the name, <code>texi2dvi</code> can also produce
+<samp>.pdf</samp> files; just set &lsquo;<samp>LATEX=pdftex</samp>&rsquo;.) See the output from
+the command <code>texi2dvi --help</code> for invoking information and a
+full list of options.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="User-definitions"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Invoking-Eplain" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Invoking Eplain</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="User-definitions-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">4 User definitions</h2>
+
+<p>This chapter describes definitions that are meant to be used directly
+in a document. When appropriate, ways to change the default
+formatting are described in subsections.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Diagnostics" accesskey="1">Diagnostics</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Tracing information.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Rules" accesskey="2">Rules</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the default rule dimensions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Citations" accesskey="3">Citations</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Using BibTeX and Eplain to make bibliographies.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Displays" accesskey="4">Displays</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the formatting of math displays.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Time-of-day" accesskey="5">Time of day</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing the time of day.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Lists" accesskey="6">Lists</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing numbered and unordered lists.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Verbatim-listing" accesskey="7">Verbatim listing</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing text just as it appears.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Contents" accesskey="8">Contents</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making a table of contents.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Cross_002dreferences" accesskey="9">Cross-references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Symbolic references to equations, figures, etc.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-references">Page references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Symbolic references to page numbers.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Symbolic references to equation numbers.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Creating and typesetting indexes.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Ragged left, ragged right, centered.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Tables">Tables</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing ordered tables.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the margins directly.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Getting output in two columns.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Autonumbered footnotes; changing formatting.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Fractions">Fractions</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">A better way to produce fractions in text.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Paths">Paths</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Allowing line breaks in pathnames.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Various logos.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing filled or open rectangles.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Checking for pdfTeX in PDF mode.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Support for LaTeX packages under plain TeX.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Diagnostics"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Rules" accesskey="n" rel="next">Rules</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Diagnostics-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.1 Diagnostics</h3>
+
+<span id="index-diagnostics"></span>
+<span id="index-tracing"></span>
+<p>Plain TeX provides the <code>\tracingall</code> command, to turn on the
+maximum amount of tracing possible in TeX. The (usually voluminous)
+output from <code>\tracingall</code> goes both on the terminal and into the
+transcript file.
+<span id="index-tracingall"></span>
+It is sometimes easier to have the output go only to the transcript
+file, so you can peruse it at your leisure and not obscure other output
+to the terminal. So, Eplain provides the command <code>\loggingall</code>.
+<span id="index-loggingall"></span>
+(For some reason, this command is available in Metafont, but not in
+TeX.)
+</p>
+<p>It is also sometimes useful to see the complete contents of boxes.
+<code>\tracingboxes</code> does this. (It doesn&rsquo;t affect whether or not the
+contents
+<span id="index-tracingboxes"></span>
+are shown on the terminal.)
+</p>
+<p>You can turn off all tracing with <code>\tracingoff</code>.
+<span id="index-tracingoff"></span>
+</p>
+<p>You can also turn logging on and off globally, so you don&rsquo;t have to
+worry about whether or not you&rsquo;re inside a group at the time of command.
+These variants are named <code>\gloggingall</code>
+<span id="index-gloggingall"></span>
+and <code>\gtracingall</code>.
+<span id="index-gtracingall"></span>
+</p>
+<p>Finally, if you write your own help messages (see <code>\newhelp</code>
+<span id="index-help-messages"></span>
+<span id="index-error-messages"></span>
+in <cite>The TeXbook</cite>), you want a convenient way to break lines in
+them. This is what TeX&rsquo;s <code>\newlinechar</code> parameter is for;
+<span id="index-newlinechar"></span>
+however, plain TeX doesn&rsquo;t set <code>\newlinechar</code>. Therefore,
+Eplain defines it to be the character <code>^^J</code>.
+</p>
+<p>For example, one of Eplain&rsquo;s own error messages is defined as follows:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\newhelp\envhelp{Perhaps you forgot to end the previous^^J%
+ environment? I'm finishing off the current group,^^J%
+ hoping that will fix it.}%
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Rules"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Citations" accesskey="n" rel="next">Citations</a>, Previous: <a href="#Diagnostics" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Diagnostics</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Rules-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.2 Rules</h3>
+
+<p>The default dimensions of rules are defined in chapter&nbsp;21 of the
+<cite>The TeXbook</cite>. To sum up what is given there, the &ldquo;thickness&rdquo;
+of rules is
+<span id="index-rule-thickness"></span>
+0.4pt by default. Eplain defines three parameters that let you change
+this dimension: <code>\hruledefaultheight</code>, <code>\hruledefaultdepth</code>,
+<span id="index-hruledefaultheight"></span>
+<span id="index-hruledefaultdepth"></span>
+and <code>\vruledefaultwidth</code>. By default, they are defined as
+<span id="index-vruledefaultwidth"></span>
+<cite>The TeXbook</cite> describes.
+</p>
+<p>But it would be wrong to redefine <code>\hrule</code> and <code>\vrule</code>. For
+one thing, some macros in plain TeX depend on the default dimensions
+being used; for another, rules are used quite heavily, and the
+performance impact of making it a macro can be noticeable. Therefore,
+to take advantage of the default rule parameters, you must use
+<code>\ehrule</code>
+<span id="index-ehrule"></span>
+and <code>\evrule</code>.
+<span id="index-evrule"></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Citations"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Displays" accesskey="n" rel="next">Displays</a>, Previous: <a href="#Rules" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Rules</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Citations-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.3 Citations</h3>
+
+<span id="index-citations"></span>
+<span id="index-bibliographies"></span>
+<p>Bibliographies are part of almost every technical document. To handle
+them conveniently, you need two things: a program to do the tedious
+formatting, and a way to cite references by labels, rather than by
+numbers. The BibTeX program, written by Oren Patashnik, takes care
+<span id="index-BibTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-Patashnik_002c-Oren"></span>
+of the first item; the citation commands in LaTeX, written to be used
+<span id="index-LaTeX-1"></span>
+with BibTeX, take care of the second. Therefore,
+Eplain adopts the use of BibTeX, and virtually the same interface as
+LaTeX.
+</p>
+<p>The general idea is that you put citation commands in the text of your
+document, and commands saying where the bibliography data is. When you
+run TeX, these commands produce output on the file with the same root
+name as your document (by default) and the extension <samp>.aux</samp>.
+<span id="index-_002eaux-file"></span>
+<span id="index-jobname"></span>
+BibTeX reads this file. You should put the bibliography data in a
+file or files with the extension <samp>.bib</samp>. BibTeX writes out a
+file with the same root
+<span id="index-_002ebib-file"></span>
+name as your document and extension <samp>.bbl</samp>. Eplain reads this file
+<span id="index-_002ebbl-file"></span>
+the next time you run your document through TeX. (It takes
+multiple passes to get everything straight, because usually after seeing
+your bibliography typeset, you want to make changes in the <samp>.bib</samp>
+file, which means you have to run BibTeX again, which means you have
+to run TeX again&hellip;) An annotated example of the whole process is
+given below.
+</p>
+<p>If your document has more than one bibliography&mdash;for example, if it
+is a collection of papers&mdash;you can tell Eplain to use a different root
+name for the <samp>.bbl</samp> file by defining the control sequence
+<code>\bblfilebasename</code>.
+<span id="index-bblfilebasename"></span>
+The default definition is simply <code>\jobname</code>.
+</p>
+<p>On the other hand, if your document&rsquo;s bibliography is very simple, you
+may prefer to create the <samp>.bbl</samp> file yourself, by hand, instead of
+using BibTeX. An annotated example of this approach is also given
+below.
+</p>
+<p>See the document <cite>BibTeXing</cite> (whose text is in the file
+<samp>btxdoc.tex</samp>, which should be in the Eplain distribution you got)
+for information on how to write your <tt>.bib</tt> files. Both the
+BibTeX and the Eplain distributions contain several examples, also.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\cite</code>
+<span id="index-cite"></span>
+command produces a citation in the text of your document. The exact
+printed form the citation will take is under your control
+(see <a href="#Formatting-citations">Formatting citations</a>). <code>\cite</code> takes one
+required argument, a comma-separated list of cross-reference labels
+(see <a href="#Cross_002dreferences">Cross-references</a>, for exactly what characters are allowed in
+such labels). Warning: spaces in this list are taken as part of the
+following label name, which is probably not what you expect.
+<span id="index-citations_002c-undefined"></span>
+The <code>\cite</code> command also produces a command
+in the <tt>.aux</tt> file that tells BibTeX to retrieve the given reference(s)
+from the <tt>.bib</tt> file. <code>\cite</code> also takes one optional argument,
+which you specify within square brackets, as in LaTeX. This text is
+simply typeset after the citations. (See the example below.)
+</p>
+<p>Eplain can create hypertext links for citations pointing to the relevant
+bibliography entries (see <a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a>).
+</p>
+<p>Another command, <code>\nocite</code>,
+<span id="index-nocite"></span>
+puts the given reference(s) into the bibliography, but produces nothing
+in the text.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\bibliography</code>
+<span id="index-bibliography"></span>
+command is next. It serves two purposes: producing the typeset
+bibliography, and telling BibTeX the root names of the <tt>.bib</tt>
+files. Therefore, the argument to <code>\bibliography</code> is a comma
+separated list of the <tt>.bib</tt> files (without the &lsquo;<samp>.bib</samp>&rsquo;). Again,
+spaces in this list are significant.
+</p>
+<p>You tell BibTeX the particular style in which you want your
+bibliography typeset with one more command:
+<code>\bibliographystyle</code>.
+<span id="index-bibliographystyle"></span>
+The argument to this is a single filename <var>style</var>, which tells
+BibTeX to look for a file <var>style</var><tt>.bst</tt>.
+<span id="index-_002ebst-files"></span>
+See the document <cite>Designing BibTeX styles</cite> (whose text is in the
+<samp>btxhak.tex</samp>) for information on how to write your own styles.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain automatically reads the citations from the <tt>.aux</tt> file when
+your job starts.
+</p>
+<p>If you don&rsquo;t want to see the messages about undefined citations, you
+can say <code>\xrefwarningfalse</code> before making any citations.
+<span id="index-xrefwarningfalse"></span>
+Eplain automatically does this if the <tt>.aux</tt> file does not exist.
+You can restore the default by saying <code>\xrefwarningtrue</code>.
+</p>
+<p>Here is a TeX input file that illustrates the various commands.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\input eplain % Reads the .aux file.
+Two citations to Knuthian works:
+ \cite[note]{surreal,concrete-math}.
+\beginsection{References.}\par % Title for the bibliography.
+\bibliography{knuth} % Use knuth.bib for the labels.
+\bibliographystyle{plain} % Number the references.
+\end % End of the document.
+</pre></div>
+<span id="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-Ervin"></span>
+<span id="index-Graham_002c-Ronald-L_002e"></span>
+<span id="index-numbered-references"></span>
+<span id="index-references_002c-numbered"></span>
+
+<p>If we suppose that this file was named <samp>citex.tex</samp> and that the
+bibliography data is in <samp>knuth.bib</samp> (as the above
+<code>\bibliography</code> command says), the following commands do what&rsquo;s
+required. (&lsquo;<samp>$ </samp>&rsquo; represents the shell prompt.)
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$ tex citex <i>(produces undefined citation messages)</i>
+$ bibtex citex <i>(read knuth.bib and citex.aux, write citex.bbl)</i>
+$ tex citex <i>(read citex.bbl, still have undefined citations)</i>
+$ tex citex <i>(one more time, to resolve the references)</i>
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-texi2dvi-1"></span>
+<p>The <code>texi2dvi</code> program can help you automate this
+process (see <a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a>).
+</p>
+<p>For simple documents you might choose to write the <samp>.bbl</samp> file
+yourself, instead of running BibTeX. For this scenario, the
+following commands should suffice:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$ tex citex <i>(read citex.bbl, produces undefined citation messages)</i>
+$ tex citex <i>(one more time, to resolve the references)</i>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The output looks something like (because we used the <tt>plain</tt>
+bibliography style):
+</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Two citations to Knuthian works: [2,1 note].
+</p>
+<p><b>References</b>
+</p>
+<p>[1] Ronald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, and Oren Patashnik. <i>Concrete
+Mathematics</i>. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1989.
+</p>
+<p>[2] Donald E. Knuth. <i>Surreal Numbers</i>. Addison-Wesley, Reading,
+Massachusetts, 1974.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>See the BibTeX documentation for information on how to write the
+bibliography databases, and the bibliography styles that are available.
+(If you want your references printed with names, as in [Knu74], instead
+of numbered, the bibliography style is <code>alpha</code>.)
+<span id="index-alphanumeric-references"></span>
+<span id="index-references_002c-alphanumeric"></span>
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-citations" accesskey="1">Formatting citations</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the way citations are printed.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-bibliographies" accesskey="2">Formatting bibliographies</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing the way bibliographies are printed.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX" accesskey="3">Commands from LaTeX</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">LaTeX commands defined by <samp>btxmac</samp>.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Formatting-citations"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Formatting-bibliographies" accesskey="n" rel="next">Formatting bibliographies</a>, Up: <a href="#Citations" accesskey="u" rel="up">Citations</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Formatting-citations-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.3.1 Formatting citations</h4>
+
+<span id="index-citations_002c-formatting"></span>
+
+<p>You may wish to change Eplain&rsquo;s formatting of citations; i.e., the
+result of your <code>\cite</code> commands. By default, the citation labels
+are printed one after another, separated by commas and enclosed in
+brackets, using the main text font. Some formats require other styles,
+such as superscripted labels. You can accommodate such formats by
+redefining the following macros.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\printcitestart</code></dt>
+<dt><code>\printcitefinish</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-printcitestart"></span>
+<span id="index-printcitefinish"></span>
+<p>Eplain expands these macros at the beginning and end of the list of
+citations for each <code>\cite</code> command. By default, they produce a
+&lsquo;<samp>[</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>]</samp>&rsquo;, respectively.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\printbetweencitations</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-printbetweencitations"></span>
+<p>If a <code>\cite</code> command has multiple citations, as in
+<code>\cite{acp,texbook}</code>, Eplain expands this macro in between each
+pair of citations. By default, it produces a comma followed by a space.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\printcitenote</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-printcitenote"></span>
+<p>This macro takes one argument, which is the optional note to the
+<code>\cite</code> command. If the <code>\cite</code> command had no note, this
+macro isn&rsquo;t used. Otherwise, it should print the note. By default, the
+note is preceded with a comma and a space.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<p>Here is an example, showing you could produce citations as
+superscripted labels, with the optional notes in parentheses.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\printcitestart{\unskip $^\bgroup}
+\def\printbetweencitations{,}
+\def\printcitefinish{\egroup$}
+\def\printcitenote#1{\hbox{\sevenrm\space (#1)}}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Formatting-bibliographies"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">Commands from LaTeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#Formatting-citations" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Formatting citations</a>, Up: <a href="#Citations" accesskey="u" rel="up">Citations</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Formatting-bibliographies-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.3.2 Formatting bibliographies</h4>
+
+<span id="index-bibliography_002c-formatting-the"></span>
+
+<p>You may wish to change Eplain&rsquo;s formatting of the bibliography,
+especially with respect to the fonts that are used. Therefore, Eplain
+provides the following control sequences:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\biblabelwidth</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-biblabelwidth"></span>
+<p>This control sequence represents a <code>\dimen</code> register, and its value
+is the width of the widest label in the bibliography. Although it is
+unlikely you will ever want to redefine it, you might want
+to use it if you redefine <code>\biblabelprint</code>, below.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\biblabelprint</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-biblabelprint"></span>
+<p>This macro takes one argument, the label to print. By default, the
+label is put in a box of width <code>\biblabelwidth</code>, and is followed by
+an enspace. When you want to change the spacing around the labels, this
+is the right macro to redefine.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\biblabelcontents</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-biblabelcontents"></span>
+<p>This macro also takes one argument, the label to print. By default, the
+label is printed using the font <code>\bblrm</code> (below), and enclosed in
+brackets. When you want to change the appearance of the label, but not
+the spacing around it, this is the right macro to redefine.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\biblabelprecontents</code></dt>
+<dt><code>\biblabelpostcontents</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-biblabelprecontents"></span>
+<span id="index-biblabelpostcontents"></span>
+<p>Macros expanded before and after <code>\biblabelcontents</code>,
+respectively. For example, to get left-justified numeric labels (they
+are right-justified by default):
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\biblabelprecontents{\relax}
+\def\biblabelpostcontents{\hss}
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bblrm</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bblrm"></span>
+<span id="index-bibliography-fonts"></span>
+<p>The default font used for printing the bibliography.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bblem</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bblem"></span>
+<p>The font used for printing the titles and other &ldquo;emphasized&rdquo; material.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bblemph</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bblemph"></span>
+<span id="index-italic-correction"></span>
+<p>Typesets its argument using <code>\bblem</code>, then inserts an italic correction.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bblsc</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bblsc"></span>
+<p>In some styles, authors&rsquo; names are printed in a caps-and-small-caps
+font. In those cases, this font is used.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bblnewblock</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bblnewblock"></span>
+<p>This is invoked between each of the parts of a bibliography entry. The
+default is to leave some extra space between the parts; you could
+redefine it to start each part on a new line (for example). A part is
+simply a main element of the entry; for example, the author is a part.
+(It was LaTeX that introduced the (misleading, as far as I am
+concerned) term &lsquo;block&rsquo; for this.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\biblabelextraspace</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-biblabelextraspace"></span>
+<p>Bibliography entries are typeset with a hanging indentation of
+<code>\biblabelwidth</code> plus this. The default is <code>.5em</code>, where the
+em width is taken from the <code>\bblrm</code> font. If you want to change
+this, you should do it inside <code>\bblhook</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bblhook</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bblhook"></span>
+<span id="index-bibliography-items_002c-extra-space-between"></span>
+<p>This is expanded before reading the <tt>.bbl</tt> file. By
+default, it does nothing. You could, for example, define it to set the
+bibliography fonts, or produce the heading for the references. Two
+spacing parameters must be changed inside <code>\bblhook</code>:
+<code>\parskip</code>, which produces extra space between the items; and
+<code>\biblabelextraspace</code>, which is described above.
+(By the way, <code>\hookappend</code> won&rsquo;t work with <code>\bblhook</code>, despite
+the names. Just use <code>\def</code>.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>If you are desperate, of course you can also hand-edit the <tt>.bbl</tt>
+file that BibTeX produces to do anything you wish.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Commands-from-LaTeX"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Formatting-bibliographies" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Formatting bibliographies</a>, Up: <a href="#Citations" accesskey="u" rel="up">Citations</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Commands-from-LaTeX-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.3.3 Commands from LaTeX</h4>
+
+<span id="index-LaTeX-commands_002c-in-btxmac_002etex"></span>
+<p>Because of the historical connection between BibTeX and LaTeX,
+in practice many bibliography styles and bibliographies use LaTeX
+commmands that are not part of bibliography handling, per se.
+</p>
+<p>To support this, <samp>btxmac.tex</samp> (and thus Eplain) define the
+following. In all cases, an existing definition (e.g., from
+<samp>miniltx.tex</samp>, see <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX
+packages</a>) will not be overwritten. Here is the list:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\newcommand</code></dt>
+<dt><code>\renewcommand</code></dt>
+<dt><code>\providecommand</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-newcommand"></span>
+<span id="index-renewcommand"></span>
+<span id="index-providecommand"></span>
+<span id="index-_002a_002dform-of-LaTeX-commands"></span>
+<p>Defining new commands in various ways. The Eplain versions do not
+support the *-form of these; use <samp>miniltx</samp> for that.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\em</code></dt>
+<dt><code>\emph</code></dt>
+<dt><code>\sc</code></dt>
+<dt><code>\textbf</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-em"></span>
+<span id="index-emph"></span>
+<span id="index-sc"></span>
+<span id="index-textbf"></span>
+<p>Selecting fonts.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\mbox</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-mbox"></span>
+<p>A horizontal box.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\newblock</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-newblock"></span>
+<p>Starts elements of a bibliography entry.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>For full information about these, see the LaTeX manual and sources.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Displays"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Time-of-day" accesskey="n" rel="next">Time of day</a>, Previous: <a href="#Citations" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Citations</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Displays-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.4 Displays</h3>
+
+<span id="index-displays_002c-left_002djustifying"></span>
+<span id="index-mathematics-displays_002c-formatting"></span>
+<span id="index-left_002djustification-of-displays"></span>
+<span id="index-equation-numbers_002c-left_002dalignment"></span>
+<span id="index-left_002dalignment-of-equation-numbers"></span>
+
+<p>By default, TeX centers displayed material. (Displayed material is
+just whatever you put between <code>$$</code>&rsquo;s&mdash;it&rsquo;s not necessarily
+mathematics.) Many layouts would be better served if the displayed
+material was left-justified. Therefore, Eplain provides the command
+<code>\leftdisplays</code>,
+<span id="index-leftdisplays"></span>
+which indents displayed material by <code>\parindent</code> plus
+<code>\leftskip</code>, plus <code>\leftdisplayindent</code>.
+<span id="index-leftdisplayindent"></span>
+</p>
+<p>You can go back to centering displays with <code>\centereddisplays</code>.
+<span id="index-centereddisplays"></span>
+(It is usually poor typography to have both centered and left-justified
+displays in a single publication, though.)
+</p>
+<p><code>\leftdisplays</code> also changes the plain TeX commands that deal
+with alignments inside math displays,
+<code>\displaylines</code>,
+<span id="index-displaylines"></span>
+<code>\eqalignno</code>,
+<span id="index-eqalignno"></span>
+and <code>\leqalignno</code>,
+<span id="index-leqalignno"></span>
+to produce left-justified text. You can still override this formatting
+by inserting <code>\hfill</code> glue, as explained in <cite>The TeXbook</cite>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-lefteqnumbers"></span>
+<span id="index-righteqnumbers"></span>
+<span id="index-eqnum"></span>
+<span id="index-eqalignnum"></span>
+<span id="index-eqno"></span>
+<span id="index-leqno"></span>
+<span id="index-eqalignno-1"></span>
+<span id="index-leqalignno-1"></span>
+<p>Eplain defines <code>\eqnum</code> and <code>\eqalignnum</code> which can be set
+up to produce either left-aligned or right-aligned equation numbers.
+<code>\lefteqnumbers</code> (<code>\righteqnumbers</code>) will define
+<code>\eqnum</code> to expand to <code>\eqno</code> (<code>\leqno</code>), and
+<code>\eqalignnum</code> to expand to <code>\eqalignno</code>
+(<code>\leqalignno</code>). Default is <code>\righteqnumbers</code>
+(right-aligned equation numbers).
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-displays" accesskey="1">Formatting displays</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">General formatting of displays.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Formatting-displays"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Up: <a href="#Displays" accesskey="u" rel="up">Displays</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Formatting-displays-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.4.1 Formatting displays</h4>
+
+<p>If you want some other kind of formatting, you can write a definition
+of your own, analogous to <code>\leftdisplays</code>. You need only make sure
+that <code>\leftdisplaysetup</code>
+<span id="index-leftdisplaysetup"></span>
+is called at the beginning of every display (presumably by invoking it
+in TeX&rsquo;s <code>\everydisplay</code> parameter).
+</p>
+<p><code>\leftdisplays</code> expands the old value of <code>\everydisplay</code>
+before calling <code>\leftdisplaysetup</code>, so that any changes you have made
+to it won&rsquo;t be lost. That old token list as available as the value of
+the token register <code>\previouseverydisplay</code>.
+<span id="index-previouseverydisplay"></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Time-of-day"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Lists" accesskey="n" rel="next">Lists</a>, Previous: <a href="#Displays" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Displays</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Time-of-day-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.5 Time of day</h3>
+
+<span id="index-time-of-day"></span>
+<span id="index-date"></span>
+
+<p>TeX provides the day, month, and year as numeric quantities (unless
+your TeX implementation is woefully deficient). Eplain provides some
+control sequences to make them a little more friendly to humans.
+</p>
+<p><code>\monthname</code>
+<span id="index-monthname"></span>
+produces the name of the current month, abbreviated to three letters.
+</p>
+<p><code>\fullmonthname</code>
+<span id="index-fullmonthname"></span>
+produces the name of the current month, unabbreviated (in English).
+</p>
+<p><code>\timestring</code>
+<span id="index-timestring"></span>
+produces the current time, as in &lsquo;1:14 p.m.&rsquo;
+</p>
+<p><code>\timestamp</code>
+<span id="index-timestamp"></span>
+produces the current date and time, as in &lsquo;23 Apr 64 1:14 p.m.&rsquo;.
+(Except the spacing is slightly different.)
+</p>
+<p><code>\today</code>
+<span id="index-today"></span>
+produces the current date, as in &lsquo;23 April 1964&rsquo;.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Lists"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Verbatim-listing" accesskey="n" rel="next">Verbatim listing</a>, Previous: <a href="#Time-of-day" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Time of day</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Lists-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.6 Lists</h3>
+
+<span id="index-lists"></span>
+<span id="index-numbered-lists"></span>
+<span id="index-ordered-list"></span>
+<span id="index-unordered-lists"></span>
+
+<p>Many documents require lists of items, either numbered or simply
+enumerated. Plain TeX defines one macro to help with creating lists,
+<code>\item</code>, but that is insufficient in many cases. Therefore,
+Eplain provides two pairs of commands:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\numberedlist &hellip; \endnumberedlist</code></dt>
+<dt><code>\orderedlist &hellip; \endorderedlist</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-numberedlist"></span>
+<span id="index-endnumberedlist"></span>
+<span id="index-orderedlist"></span>
+<span id="index-endorderedlist"></span>
+<p>These commands (they are synonyms) produce a list with the items
+numbered sequentially, starting from one. A nested <code>\numberedlist</code>
+labels the items with lowercase letters, starting with &lsquo;a&rsquo;. Another
+nested <code>\numberedlist</code> labels the items with roman numerals. Yet
+more deeply nested numbered lists label items with &lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\unorderedlist &hellip; \endunorderedlist</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-unorderedlist"></span>
+<span id="index-endunorderedlist"></span>
+<p>This produces a list with the items labelled with small black boxes
+(&ldquo;square bullets&rdquo;). A nested <code>\unorderedlist</code> labels items with
+em-dashes. Doubly (and deeper) nested unordered lists label items with
+&lsquo;*&rsquo;s.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The two kinds of lists can be nested within each other, as well.
+</p>
+<p>In both kinds of lists, you begin an item with <code>\li</code>.
+<span id="index-li"></span>
+An item may continue for several paragraphs. Each item starts a
+paragraph.
+</p>
+<p>You can give <code>\li</code> an optional argument, a cross-reference label.
+It&rsquo;s defined to be the &ldquo;marker&rdquo; for the current item. This is useful
+if the list items are numbered. You can produce the value of the label
+with <code>\xrefn</code>. See <a href="#Cross_002dreferences">Cross-references</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain can create hypertext links for the markers produced by
+<code>\xrefn</code> pointing to the relevant list item (see <a href="#List-hyperlinks">List hyperlinks</a>).
+</p>
+<p>You can also say <code>\listcompact</code>
+<span id="index-listcompact"></span>
+right after <code>\numberedlist</code> or <code>\unorderedlist</code>. The items in
+the list will then not have any extra space between them
+(see <a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a>). You might want to do this if the items in
+this particular list are short.
+</p>
+<p>Here is an example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\numberedlist\listcompact
+\li The first item.
+\li The second item.
+
+The second paragraph of the second item.
+\endnumberedlist
+</pre></div>
+
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-lists" accesskey="1">Formatting lists</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing how the lists look.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Formatting-lists"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Up: <a href="#Lists" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lists</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Formatting-lists-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.6.1 Formatting lists</h4>
+
+<span id="index-lists_002c-formatting"></span>
+
+<p>Several registers define the spacing associated with lists. It is
+likely that their default values won&rsquo;t suit your particular layout.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\abovelistskipamount, \belowlistskipamount</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-abovelistskipamount"></span>
+<span id="index-belowlistskipamount"></span>
+<p>The vertical glue inserted before and after every list, respectively.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\interitemskipamount</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-interitemskipamount"></span>
+<p>The vertical glue inserted before each item except the first.
+<code>\listcompact</code> resets this to zero, as mentioned above.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\listleftindent, \listrightindent</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-listleftindent"></span>
+<span id="index-listrightindent"></span>
+<p><code>\listrightindent</code> is the amount of space by which the list is
+indented on the right; i.e., it is added to <code>\rightskip</code>.
+<code>\listleftindent</code> is the amount of space, <em>relative to</em>
+<code>\parindent</code>, by which the list is indented on the left. Why treat
+the two parameters differently? Because (a)&nbsp;it is more useful to
+make the list indentation depend on the paragraph indentation;
+(b)&nbsp;footnotes aren&rsquo;t formatted right if <code>\parindent</code> is reset
+to zero.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The three vertical glues are inserted by macros, and preceded by
+penalties: <code>\abovelistskip</code>
+<span id="index-abovelistskip"></span>
+does <code>\vpenalty\abovelistpenalty</code>
+<span id="index-abovelistpenalty"></span>
+and then <code>\vskip\abovelistskip</code>. <code>\belowlistskip</code>
+<span id="index-belowlistskip"></span>
+and <code>\interitemskip</code>
+<span id="index-interitemskip"></span>
+are analogous.
+</p>
+<p>In addition, the macro <code>\listmarkerspace</code>
+<span id="index-listmarkerspace"></span>
+is called to separate the item label from the item text. This is set to
+<code>\enspace</code> by default.
+</p>
+<p>If you want to change the labels on the items, you can redefine these
+macros:
+<code>\numberedmarker</code>
+<span id="index-numberedmarker"></span>
+or <code>\unorderedmarker</code>.
+<span id="index-unorderedmarker"></span>
+The following registers might be useful if you do:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\numberedlistdepth, \unorderedlistdepth</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-numberedlistdepth"></span>
+<span id="index-unorderedlistdepth"></span>
+<p>These keep track of the depth of nesting of the two kinds of lists.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\itemnumber, \itemletter</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-itemnumber"></span>
+<span id="index-itemletter"></span>
+<p>These keep track of the number of items that have been seen in the current
+numbered list. They are both integer registers. The difference is that
+<code>\itemnumber</code> starts at one, and <code>\itemletter</code> starts at 97,
+i.e., lowercase &lsquo;a&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>You can also redefine the control sequences that are used internally,
+if you want to do something radically different: <code>\beginlist</code>
+<span id="index-beginlist"></span>
+is invoked to begin both kinds of lists; <code>\printitem</code>
+<span id="index-printitem"></span>
+is invoked to print the label (and space following the label) for each
+item; and <code>\endlist</code>
+<span id="index-endlist"></span>
+is invoked to end both kinds of
+lists.
+<span id="index-item-labels_002c-changing"></span>
+<span id="index-labels-on-items_002c-changing"></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Verbatim-listing"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Contents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Contents</a>, Previous: <a href="#Lists" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Lists</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Verbatim-listing-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.7 Verbatim listing</h3>
+
+<span id="index-verbatim-listing"></span>
+<span id="index-listing-files"></span>
+<span id="index-files_002c-verbatim-listing-of"></span>
+<p>It is sometimes useful to include a file verbatim in your document;
+for example, part of a computer program. The <code>\listing</code>
+<span id="index-listing"></span>
+command is given one argument, a filename, and produces the contents of
+that file in your document. <code>\listing</code> expands <code>\listingfont</code>
+to set the current font. The default value of <code>\listingfont</code>
+<span id="index-listingfont"></span>
+is <code>\tt</code>.
+</p>
+<p>You can take arbitrary actions before reading the file by defining the macro
+<code>\setuplistinghook</code>.
+<span id="index-setuplistinghook"></span>
+This is expanded just before the file is input.
+</p>
+<p>If you want to have line numbers on the output, you can say
+<code>\let\setuplistinghook = \linenumberedlisting</code>.
+<span id="index-linenumberedlisting"></span>
+The line numbers are stored in the count register <code>\lineno</code> while
+the file is being read. You can redefine the macro
+<code>\printlistinglineno</code>
+<span id="index-printlistinglineno"></span>
+to change how they are printed.
+</p>
+<p>Normally, the <code>\listing</code> command will add a final empty line at
+the end of the output, even if the file does not end in a newline. To
+suppress this final line, you can say
+<code>\let\setuplistinghook = \nolastlinelisting</code>.
+<span id="index-nolastlinelisting"></span>
+This also works with line numbers (say
+<code>\def\setuplistinghook{\linenumberedlisting \nolastlinelisting}</code>),
+but only if <code>\printlistinglineno</code>
+<span id="index-printlistinglineno-1"></span>
+consists exclusively of boxes at the top level (i.e., any
+<code>\kern</code>s or glue should be wrapped up in a box).
+</p>
+<span id="index-form-feed-character_002c-and-verbatim-listing"></span>
+<span id="index-CTRL_002dL_002c-and-verbatim-listing"></span>
+<p>You can use the form feed control character (<acronym>ASCII</acronym>
+code&nbsp;12, typed as <kbd>CTRL-L</kbd>) in the file to force a page break
+in the output.
+</p>
+<p>You can produce in-line verbatim text in your document with <code>\verbatim</code>.
+<span id="index-verbatim"></span>
+End the text with <code>|endverbatim</code>. If you need a &lsquo;<samp>|</samp>&rsquo; in the text,
+double it. If the first character of the verbatim text is a space, use
+<code>| </code>. (<code>| </code> will work elsewhere in the argument, too, but
+isn&rsquo;t necessary.)
+</p>
+<p>For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\verbatim| ||\#%&amp;!|endverbatim
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>produces <code> |\#%&amp;!</code>.
+</p>
+<p>Line breaks and spaces in the verbatim text are preserved.
+</p>
+<span id="index-verbatimescapechar"></span>
+<span id="index-escape-character_002c-changing-verbatim"></span>
+<p>You can change the verbatim escape character from the default &lsquo;<samp>|</samp>&rsquo;
+with <code>\verbatimescapechar <var>char</var></code>; for example, this changes
+it to &lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\verbatimescapechar \@
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The backslash is not necessary in some cases, but is in
+others, depending on the catcode of the character. The argument to
+<code>\verbatimescapechar</code> is used as <code>\catcode `<var>char</var></code>, so
+the exact rules follow that for <code>\catcode</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-special-characters"></span>
+<span id="index-characters_002c-special"></span>
+<span id="index-uncatcodespecials"></span>
+<span id="index-dospecials"></span>
+<p>To reset the category code of all special characters to 12
+(&ldquo;other&rdquo;), <code>\verbatim</code> uses <code>\uncatcodespecials</code>
+(see <a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a>). If you make additional characters
+&ldquo;special&rdquo;, you should extend <code>\dospecials</code> to include those
+characters, lest they be given special treatment inside verbatim
+environments. For example,
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\catcode`\A=\active
+% Try commenting out the following line.
+\expandafter\def\expandafter\dospecials\expandafter{\dospecials\do\A}
+\verbatimA#$%_^|endverbatim
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Because <code>\verbatim</code> must change the category code of special
+characters, calling inside a macro definition of your own does not work
+properly. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\mymacro{\verbatim &amp;#%|endverbatim}% Doesn't work!
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>To accomplish this, you must change the category codes yourself before
+making the macro definition. Perhaps <code>\uncatcodespecials</code> will
+help you (see <a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a>).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Contents"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Cross_002dreferences" accesskey="n" rel="next">Cross-references</a>, Previous: <a href="#Verbatim-listing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Verbatim listing</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Contents-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.8 Contents</h3>
+
+<span id="index-table-of-contents"></span>
+<span id="index-contents"></span>
+<p>Producing a table of contents that is both useful and aesthetic is one
+of the most difficult design problems in any work. Naturally, Eplain
+does not pretend to solve the design problem. Collecting the raw data
+for a table of contents, however, is much the same across documents.
+Eplain uses an auxiliary file with extension <samp>.toc</samp>
+<span id="index-_002etoc-file"></span>
+(and the same root name as your document) to save the information.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file" accesskey="1">Writing the .toc file</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Reading-the-_002etoc-file" accesskey="2">Reading the .toc file</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name" accesskey="3">Changing the .toc file's root name</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Alternative-contents-files" accesskey="4">Alternative contents files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Writing-the-_002etoc-file"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Reading-the-_002etoc-file" accesskey="n" rel="next">Reading the .toc file</a>, Up: <a href="#Contents" accesskey="u" rel="up">Contents</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Writing-the-_002etoc-file-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.8.1 Writing the <tt>.toc</tt> file</h4>
+
+<p>To write an entry for the table of contents, you say
+<code>\writetocentry{<var>part</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code>,
+<span id="index-writetocentry"></span>
+where <var>part</var> is the type of part this entry is, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp>chapter</samp>&rsquo;, and <var>text</var> is the text of the title.
+<code>\writetocentry</code> puts an entry into the <tt>.toc</tt> file that looks
+<span id="index-toc_2026entry"></span>
+like <code>\toc<var>part</var>entry{<var>text</var>}{<var>page number</var>}</code>
+(unless <var>part</var> is an integer, see below). The <var>text</var> is
+written unexpanded.
+</p>
+<span id="index-writenumberedtocentry"></span>
+<p>A related command, <code>\writenumberedtocentry</code>, takes one additional
+argument, the first token of which is expanded at the point of the
+<code>\writenumberedtocentry</code>, but the rest of the argument is not
+expanded. The usual application is when the parts of the document are
+numbered. On the other hand, the one-level expansion allows you to use
+the argument for other things as well (author&rsquo;s names in a proceedings,
+say), and not have accents or other control sequences expanded. The
+downside is that if you <em>want</em> full expansion of the third
+argument, you don&rsquo;t get it&mdash;you must expand it yourself, before you
+call <code>\writenumberedtocentry</code>.
+</p>
+<p>For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\writenumberedtocentry{chapter}{A $\sin$ wave}{\the\chapno}
+\writetocentry{section}{A section title}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Supposing <code>\the\chapno</code> expanded to &lsquo;<samp>3</samp>&rsquo; and that the
+<code>\write</code>&rsquo;s occurred on pages eight and nine, respectively, the
+above writes the following to the <tt>.toc</tt> file:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\tocchapterentry{A $\sin$ wave}{3}{8}
+\tocsectionentry{A section title}{9}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-writenumberedtocline"></span>
+<p>A variation on <code>\writenumberedtocentry</code> is
+<code>\writenumberedtocline</code>, differing only in the order of the
+parameters it takes and writes for the <code>\toc<var>part</var>entry</code>
+control sequences. To continue the previous example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\writenumberedtocline{chapter}{\the\chapno}{A $\sin$ wave}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>writes the following to the <tt>.toc</tt> file:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\tocchapterentry{3}{A $\sin$ wave}{8}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Such ordering of the parameters allows the
+<code>\toc<var>part</var>entry</code> macros to typeset the text of the entry
+without actually reading it as an argument. This is required for
+entries which need to change character catcodes, e.g., to produce
+<span id="index-table-of-contents_002c-and-verbatim-text"></span>
+<span id="index-contents_002c-and-verbatim-text"></span>
+<span id="index-verbatim-text_002c-in-table-of-contents"></span>
+<span id="index-special-characters_002c-in-table-of-contents"></span>
+verbatim text (see <a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a>).
+</p>
+<p>Each of <code>\writetocentry</code>, <code>\writenumberedtocentry</code> and
+<code>\writenumberedtocline</code> processes a numeric <var>part</var> argument
+specially. If you pass <var>part</var> expanding to an integer, these
+macros write into the <tt>.toc</tt> file an entry that starts with
+<span id="index-toc_2026entry-1"></span>
+<code>\tocentry{<var>part</var>}</code>. Thus, you can define a single
+<code>\tocentry</code> macro which formats all entries for a table of
+contents. To continue the previous examples:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\writenumberedtocentry{1}{A $\sin$ wave}{\the\chapno}
+\writenumberedtocline{1}{\the\chapno}{A $\sin$ wave}
+\writetocentry{2}{A section title}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>writes the following to the .toc file:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\tocentry{1}{A $\sin$ wave}{3}{8}
+\tocentry{1}{3}{A $\sin$ wave}{8}
+\tocentry{2}{A section title}{9}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Reading-the-_002etoc-file"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name" accesskey="n" rel="next">Changing the .toc file's root name</a>, Previous: <a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Writing the .toc file</a>, Up: <a href="#Contents" accesskey="u" rel="up">Contents</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Reading-the-_002etoc-file-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.8.2 Reading the <tt>.toc</tt> file</h4>
+
+<span id="index-readtocfile"></span>
+<p>You read the <tt>.toc</tt> file with the command <code>\readtocfile</code>.
+Naturally, whatever <code>\toc&hellip; entry</code> commands that were written
+to the file must be defined when <code>\readtocfile</code> is invoked. Eplain
+has minimal definitions for <code>\tocchapterentry</code>,
+<code>\tocsectionentry</code>, and <code>\tocsubsectionentry</code>, just to prevent
+undefined control sequence errors in common cases. They aren&rsquo;t suitable
+for anything but preliminary proofs.
+</p>
+<p>Each of <code>\writetocentry</code>, <code>\writenumberedtocentry</code> and
+<code>\writenumberedtocline</code> opens
+the <tt>.toc</tt> file for writing, thereby deleting the information from the
+previous run. You should therefore arrange that <code>\readtocfile</code> be
+called <em>before</em> the first call to a <code>\writetoc&hellip;</code> macro.
+<code>\readtocfile</code> does not itself delete the information
+from the <tt>.toc</tt> file, so that you can call it several times,
+e.g., to create both a short
+<span id="index-table-of-contents_002c-short"></span>
+and normal table of contents. (To produce this in particular, define
+<code>\tocsectionentry</code> to produce nothing while you are reading
+<tt>.toc</tt> file for a short table of contents (see <a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a>).)
+</p>
+<p>On the other hand, if you don&rsquo;t want to rewrite the <tt>.toc</tt> file at
+all, perhaps because you are only running TeX on part of your
+manuscript, you can set <code>\rewritetocfilefalse</code>.
+<span id="index-ifrewritetocfile"></span>
+<span id="index-rewritetocfile-_0028conditional_0029"></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Alternative-contents-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Alternative contents files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Reading-the-_002etoc-file" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Reading the .toc file</a>, Up: <a href="#Contents" accesskey="u" rel="up">Contents</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.8.3 Changing the <tt>.toc</tt> file&rsquo;s root name</h4>
+
+<p>By default, the <samp>.toc</samp> file has the root <code>\jobname</code>. If your
+document has more than one contents&mdash;for example, if it is a collection
+of papers, some of which have their own contents&mdash;you can tell Eplain
+to use a different root name by defining the control sequence
+<code>\tocfilebasename</code>.
+<span id="index-tocfilebasename"></span>
+</p>
+<span id="index-writing-several-toc-files"></span>
+<span id="index-toc-files_002c-writing-several"></span>
+<p>Note that <code>\writetocentry</code>, <code>\writenumberedtocentry</code> and
+<code>\writenumberedtocline</code> will
+open the contents file for writing only at the first call, using the
+value of <code>\tocfilebasename</code> at that time. Changing the value of
+<code>\tocfilebasename</code> afterwards will not affect which file gets
+<em>written</em>, although it will affect which file gets <em>read</em> by
+<code>\readcontentsfile</code>. In case you need to write several contents
+files from a single TeX job, use <code>\definecontentsfile</code>
+(see <a href="#Alternative-contents-files">Alternative contents files</a>).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Alternative-contents-files"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Changing the .toc file's root name</a>, Up: <a href="#Contents" accesskey="u" rel="up">Contents</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Alternative-contents-files-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.8.4 Alternative contents files</h4>
+
+<span id="index-list-of-figures"></span>
+<span id="index-list-of-tables"></span>
+<span id="index-definecontentsfile"></span>
+<p>In addition to the usual table of contents, you may want to have a list
+of figures, list of tables, or other such contents-like list. You can do
+this with <code>\definecontentsfile{<var>abbrev</var>}</code>. All of the
+above commands are actually a special case that Eplain predefines with
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\definecontentsfile{toc}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The <var>abbrev</var> is used both for the file extension and in
+the control sequence names.
+</p>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Cross_002dreferences"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Page-references" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page references</a>, Previous: <a href="#Contents" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Contents</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Cross_002dreferences-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.9 Cross-references</h3>
+
+<span id="index-cross_002dreferences"></span>
+<p>It is often useful to refer the reader to other parts of your document;
+but putting literal page, section, equation, or whatever numbers in the
+text is certainly a bad thing.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain therefore provides commands for symbolic cross-references. It
+uses an auxiliary file with extension <tt>.aux</tt>
+<span id="index-_002eaux-file-1"></span>
+(and the same root name as your document) to keep track of the
+information. Therefore, it takes two passes to get the cross-references
+right&mdash;one to write them out, and one to read them in. Eplain
+automatically reads the <tt>.aux</tt> file at the first reference; after
+reading it, Eplain reopens it for writing.
+</p>
+<p>You can control whether or not Eplain warns you about undefined
+labels. See <a href="#Citations">Citations</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-labels_002c-characters-valid-in"></span>
+<p>Labels in Eplain&rsquo;s cross-reference commands can use characters of
+category code eleven (letter), twelve (other), ten (space), three (math
+shift), four (alignment tab), seven (superscript), or eight (subscript).
+For example, &lsquo;<samp>(a1 $&amp;^_</samp>&rsquo; is a valid label (assuming the category
+codes of plain TeX), but &lsquo;<samp>%#\{</samp>&rsquo; has no valid characters.
+</p>
+<p>You can also do symbolic cross-references for bibliographic citations
+and list items. See <a href="#Citations">Citations</a>, and <a href="#Lists">Lists</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain can create hypertext links for the cross-references
+(see <a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a>).
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Defining-generic-references" accesskey="1">Defining generic references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Using-generic-references" accesskey="2">Using generic references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Defining-generic-references"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Using-generic-references" accesskey="n" rel="next">Using generic references</a>, Up: <a href="#Cross_002dreferences" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross-references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Defining-generic-references-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.9.1 Defining generic references</h4>
+
+<span id="index-defining-general-references"></span>
+<span id="index-references_002c-defining-general"></span>
+<span id="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-defining-general"></span>
+
+<span id="index-definexref"></span>
+<p>Eplain provides the command <code>\definexref</code> for general
+cross-references. It takes three arguments: the name of the label (see
+section above for valid label names), the value of the label (which can
+be anything), and the &ldquo;class&rdquo; of the reference&mdash;whether it&rsquo;s a
+section, or theorem, or what. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\definexref{sec-intro}{3.1}{section}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Of course, the label value is usually generated by another
+macro using TeX count registers or some such.
+</p>
+<p><code>\definexref</code> doesn&rsquo;t actually define <var>label</var>; instead, it
+writes out the definition to the <tt>.aux</tt> file, where Eplain will read
+it on the next TeX run.
+</p>
+<p>The <var>class</var> argument is used by the <code>\ref</code> and <code>\refs</code>
+commands. See the next section.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Using-generic-references"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Defining-generic-references" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Defining generic references</a>, Up: <a href="#Cross_002dreferences" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross-references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Using-generic-references-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.9.2 Using generic references</h4>
+
+<span id="index-defining-general-references-1"></span>
+<span id="index-references_002c-defining-general-1"></span>
+<span id="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-defining-general-1"></span>
+
+<p>To retrieve the value of the label defined via <code>\definexref</code> (see
+the previous section), Eplain provides the following macros:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dd>
+<span id="index-refn"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\refn{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-xrefn"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\xrefn{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><p><code>\refn</code> and <code>\xrefn</code> (they are synonyms) produce the bare
+definition of <var>label</var>. If <var>label</var> isn&rsquo;t defined, issue a
+warning, and produce <var>label</var> itself instead, in typewriter. (The
+warning isn&rsquo;t given if <code>\xrefwarningfalse</code>.)
+<span id="index-xrefwarning-conditional"></span>
+</p>
+<span id="index-ref"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\ref{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Given the class <var>c</var> for <var>label</var> (see the description of
+<code>\definexref</code> in the previous section), expand the control sequence
+<code>\<var>c</var> word</code> (if it&rsquo;s defined) followed by a tie. Then call
+<code>\refn</code> on <var>label</var>. (Example below.)
+</p>
+<span id="index-refs"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\refs{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Like <code>\ref</code>, but append the letter &lsquo;<samp>s</samp>&rsquo; to the
+<code>\&hellip;word</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The purpose of the <code>\&hellip;word</code> macro is to produce the word
+&lsquo;Section&rsquo; or &lsquo;Figure&rsquo; or whatever that usually precedes the actual
+reference number.
+</p>
+<p>Here is an example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\sectionword{Section}
+\definexref{sec-intro}{3.1}{section}
+\definexref{sec-next}{3.2}{section}
+See \refs{sec-intro} and \refn{sec-next} &hellip;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This produces &lsquo;See Sections 3.1 and 3.2 &hellip;&rsquo;
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Page-references"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Equation-references" accesskey="n" rel="next">Equation references</a>, Previous: <a href="#Cross_002dreferences" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Cross-references</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Page-references-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.10 Page references</h3>
+
+<p>Eplain provides two commands for handling references to page numbers,
+one for definition and one for use.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\xrdef{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-xrdef"></span>
+<p>Define <var>label</var> to be the current page number. This produces no
+printed output, and ignores following spaces.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\xref{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-xref"></span>
+<p>Produce the text &lsquo;p.&nbsp;<var>pageno</var>&rsquo;, which is the usual form for
+cross-references. The <var>pageno</var> is actually <var>label</var>&rsquo;s
+definition; if <var>label</var> isn&rsquo;t defined, the text of the label itself
+is printed. The &lsquo;p.&nbsp;&rsquo; prefix is defined by <code>\xrefpageword</code>.
+<span id="index-xrefpageword"></span>
+Its default definition is <code>p.\thinspace</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>Eplain can create hypertext links for the page references (see <a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a>).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Equation-references"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Indexing" accesskey="n" rel="next">Indexing</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-references" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Page references</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Equation-references-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.11 Equation references</h3>
+
+<span id="index-equations_002c-references-to"></span>
+<span id="index-equations_002c-numbering"></span>
+<p>Instead of referring to pages, it&rsquo;s most useful if equation labels
+refer to equation numbers. Therefore, Eplain reserves a <code>\count</code>
+register, <code>\eqnumber</code>,
+<span id="index-eqnumber"></span>
+for the current equation number, and increments it at each
+numbered equation.
+</p>
+<p>Here are the commands to define equation labels and then refer to them:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\eqdef{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-eqdef"></span>
+<span id="index-eqnum-1"></span>
+<p>This defines <var>label</var> to be the current value of <code>\eqnumber</code>,
+and, if the current context is not inner, then produces a <code>\eqnum</code>
+command (see <a href="#Displays">Displays</a>). (The condition makes it possible to use
+<code>\eqdef</code> in an
+<code>\eqalignno</code> construction, for example.) The text of the equation
+number is produced using <code>\eqprint</code>. See <a href="#Formatting-equation-references">Formatting equation references</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-empty-equation-labels"></span>
+<span id="index-labels_002c-empty-equation"></span>
+<span id="index-equations_002c-giving-numbers-to-all"></span>
+<p>If <var>label</var> is empty, you still get an equation number (although
+naturally you can&rsquo;t reliably refer to it). This is useful if you want
+to put numbers on all equations in your document, and you don&rsquo;t want to
+think up unique labels.
+</p>
+<span id="index-empty-equation-labels_002c-referring-to"></span>
+<span id="index-labels_002c-empty-equation_002c-referring-to"></span>
+<p>To refer to the last equation with the empty label, you use the empty
+label in one of the equation reference macros (see below). This can
+be handy when you want to refer to an equation shortly after its
+definition, say, in the sentence following the displayed equation, and
+do not intend to refer to the equation later. But use this trick with
+extreme caution: if later you change the text and insert another empty
+definition between the original definition and the reference, the
+reference will start to refer to the new empty-labeled equation.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\eqdefn{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-eqdefn"></span>
+<span id="index-eqnum-2"></span>
+<p>This is like <code>\eqdef</code>, except it always omits the <code>\eqnum</code>
+command. It can therefore be used in places where <code>\eqdef</code> can&rsquo;t;
+for example, in a non-displayed equation. The text of the equation
+number is not produced, so you can also use it in the (admittedly
+unusual) circumstance when you want to define an equation label but not
+print that label.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\eqref{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-eqref"></span>
+<p>This produces a formatted reference to <var>label</var>. If <var>label</var> is
+undefined (perhaps because it is a forward reference), it just produces
+the text of the label itself. Otherwise, it calls <code>\eqprint</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\eqrefn{<var>label</var>}</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-eqrefn"></span>
+<p>This produces the cross-reference text for <var>label</var>. That is, it
+is like <code>\eqref</code>, except it doesn&rsquo;t call <code>\eqprint</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span id="index-equation-labels_002c-characters-valid-in"></span>
+<p>Equation labels can contain the same characters that are valid in
+general cross-references.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain can create hypertext links for the equation references
+(see <a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a>).
+</p>
+
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Formatting-equation-references" accesskey="1">Formatting equation references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Subequation-references" accesskey="2">Subequation references</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Formatting-equation-references"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Subequation-references" accesskey="n" rel="next">Subequation references</a>, Up: <a href="#Equation-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Equation references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Formatting-equation-references-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.11.1 Formatting equation references</h4>
+
+<span id="index-equation-numbers_002c-formatting-of"></span>
+<p>Both defining an equation label and referring to it should usually
+produce output. This output is produced with the <code>\eqprint</code> macro,
+which takes one argument, the equation number being defined or referred
+to. By default, this just produces &lsquo;<samp>(<var>number</var>)</samp>&rsquo;, where
+<var>number</var> is the equation number. To produce the equation number in
+a different font, or with different surrounding symbols, or whatever,
+you can redefine <code>\eqprint</code>.
+<span id="index-eqprint"></span>
+For example, the following definition would print all equation numbers
+in italics. (The extra braces define a group, to keep the font change
+from affecting surrounding text.)
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\eqprint#1{{\it (#1)}}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In addition to changing the formatting of equation numbers, you might want
+to add more structure to the equation number; for example, you might
+want to include the chapter number, to get equation numbers like
+&lsquo;(1.2)&rsquo;. To achieve this, you redefine <code>\eqconstruct</code>.
+<span id="index-eqconstruct"></span>
+For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\eqconstruct#1{\the\chapternumber.#1}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(If you are keeping the chapter number in a count register named
+<code>\chapternumber</code>, naturally.)
+</p>
+<p>The reason for having both <code>\eqconstruct</code> and <code>\eqprint</code> may
+not be immediately apparent. The difference is that <code>\eqconstruct</code>
+affects the text that cross-reference label is defined to be, while
+<code>\eqprint</code> affects only what is typeset on the page. The example
+just below might help.
+</p>
+<p>Usually, you want equation labels to refer to equation numbers. But
+sometimes you might want a more complicated text. For example, you
+might have an equation &lsquo;(1)&rsquo;, and then have a variation several pages
+later which you want to refer to as &lsquo;(1*)&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>Therefore, Eplain allows you to give an optional argument (i.e.,
+arbitrary text in square brackets) before the cross-reference label to
+<code>\eqdef</code>. Then, when you refer to the equation, that text is
+produced. Here&rsquo;s how to get the example just mentioned:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$$&hellip;\eqdef{a-eq}$$
+&hellip;
+$$&hellip;\eqdef[\eqrefn{a-eq}*]{a-eq-var}$$
+In \eqref{a-eq-var}, we expand on \eqref{a-eq}, &hellip;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>We use <code>\eqrefn</code> in the cross-reference text, not
+<code>\eqref</code>, so that <code>\eqprint</code> is called only once.
+</p>
+<p>As another example, consider the following requirement: we want to
+include chapter number in all equation references, and additionally we
+want to include the part number when referencing an equation from any
+part other than the one where the equation appears. For example,
+references to the third equation in chapter&nbsp;2 of part&nbsp;1
+should be typeset as &lsquo;(2.3)&rsquo; throughout part&nbsp;1, but as &lsquo;(I.2.3)&rsquo;
+in any other part. Let&rsquo;s assume we have the current chapter and part
+numbers in count registers <code>\chapnum</code> and <code>\partnum</code>,
+respectively.
+</p>
+<p>The idea is to have <code>\eqconstruct</code> store the part number of the
+equation (that is, the part number <em>at the time of definition</em>),
+so that later <code>\eqprint</code> can compare the stored number with the
+current part number (that is, the part number <em>at the time of
+reference</em>). The complicating factor is that internally, the result
+of <code>\eqconstruct</code> is both expanded and written out to the
+<samp>.aux</samp> file, <em>and</em> used to typeset the equation number, so
+the commands that store the part number should behave correctly in
+both situations. This is difficult to achieve with expandable
+commands; therefore, to avoid expansion problems, we are going to use
+only TeX primitives, which are non-expandable:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\newcount\eqpartnum
+
+\def\eqconstruct#1{%
+ \global\eqpartnum=\the\partnum\relax
+ \number\chapnum.#1%
+}
+
+\def\eqprint#1{%
+ \setbox0=\hbox{#1}%
+ (\ifnum\partnum=\eqpartnum \else
+ \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\eqpartnum}.%
+ \fi
+ \box0)%
+}%
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In <code>\eqconstruct</code>, besides constructing the base equation number
+(e.g., &lsquo;1.2&rsquo;), we also store the part number of the equation in the
+count register <code>\eqpartnum</code> (<code>\the\partnum</code> is expanded when
+the equation number is written to the <samp>.aux</samp> file, so the
+equation label definition in the <samp>.aux</samp> file will contain the
+actual part number). In <code>\eqprint</code>, we need to know the
+equation&rsquo;s part number before we typeset the base equation number,
+therefore we first put the argument in a box, thus causing
+<code>\eqpartnum</code> to be set.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Subequation-references"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Formatting-equation-references" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Formatting equation references</a>, Up: <a href="#Equation-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Equation references</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Subequation-references-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.11.2 Subequation references</h4>
+
+<span id="index-equations_002c-groups-of"></span>
+<span id="index-subequations_002c-referring-to"></span>
+<p>Eplain also provides for one level of substructure for equations. That
+is, you might want to define a related group of equations with numbers
+like &lsquo;2.1&rsquo; and &lsquo;2.2&rsquo;, and then be able to refer to the group as a whole:
+&ldquo;&hellip; in the system of equations (2)&hellip;&rdquo;.
+</p>
+<p>The commands to do this are <code>\eqsubdef</code> and
+<span id="index-eqsubdef"></span>
+<code>\eqsubdefn</code>.
+<span id="index-eqsubdefn"></span>
+They take one <var>label</var> argument like their counterparts above,
+and generally behave in the same way. The difference is in how they
+construct the equation number: instead of using just <code>\eqnumber</code>,
+they also use another counter, <code>\subeqnumber</code>.
+<span id="index-subeqnumber"></span>
+This counter is advanced by one at every <code>\eqsubdef</code> or
+<code>\eqsubdefn</code>, and reset to zero at every <code>\eqdef</code> or
+<code>\eqdefn</code>.
+</p>
+<p>You use <code>\eqref</code> to refer to subequations as well as main
+equations.
+</p>
+<p>To put the two together to construct the text that the label will
+produce, they use a macro <code>\eqsubreftext</code>.
+<span id="index-eqsubreftext"></span>
+This macros takes two arguments, the &ldquo;main&rdquo; equation number (which,
+because the equation label can be defined as arbitrary text, as
+described in the previous section, might be anything at all) and the
+&ldquo;sub&rdquo; equation number (which is always just a number). Eplain&rsquo;s
+default definition just puts a period between them:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\eqsubreftext#1#2{#1.#2}%
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>You can redefine <code>\eqsubreftext</code> to print however you
+like. For example, this definition makes the labels print as &lsquo;2a&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;2b&rsquo;, and so on.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\newcount\subref
+\def\eqsubreftext#1#2{%
+ \subref = #2 % The space stops a &lt;number&gt;.
+ \advance\subref by 96 % `a' is character code 97.
+ #1\char\subref
+}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Sadly, we must define a new count register, <code>\subref</code>,
+instead of using the scratch count register <code>\count255</code>, because
+&lsquo;<samp>#1</samp>&rsquo; might include other macro calls which use <code>\count255</code>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Indexing"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Justification" accesskey="n" rel="next">Justification</a>, Previous: <a href="#Equation-references" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Equation references</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Indexing-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.12 Indexing</h3>
+
+<span id="index-indexing"></span>
+<span id="index-sorting-an-index"></span>
+
+<p>Eplain provides support for generating raw material for an index, and
+for typesetting a sorted index. A separate program must do the actual
+collection and sorting of terms, because TeX itself has no support
+for sorting.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain can create hypertext links pointing from the index to the index
+terms (see <a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-makeindex-1"></span>
+<p>Eplain&rsquo;s indexing commands were designed to work with the program
+MakeIndex (<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/makeindex">https://ctan.org/pkg/makeindex</a>); MakeIndex is also
+commonly included in prepackaged TeX distributions. It is beyond
+the scope of this manual to explain how to run MakeIndex, and all of
+its many options.
+</p>
+<p>The basic strategy for indexing works like this:
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li> <span id="index-_002eidx-files"></span>
+For a document <samp>foo.tex</samp>, Eplain&rsquo;s indexing commands (e.g.,
+<code>\idx</code>; see the section &lsquo;Indexing terms&rsquo; below) write the raw index
+material to <samp>foo.idx</samp>.
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-_002eind-files"></span>
+MakeIndex reads <samp>foo.idx</samp>, collects and sorts the index, and
+writes the result to <samp>foo.ind</samp>.
+
+</li><li> Eplain reads and typesets <samp>foo.ind</samp> on a subsequent run of
+TeX. See the section &lsquo;Typesetting an index&rsquo; below.
+
+</li></ol>
+
+<span id="index-texi2dvi-2"></span>
+<p>The <code>texi2dvi</code> program can help you automate this
+process (see <a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-multiple-indexes"></span>
+<span id="index-indexes_002c-multiple"></span>
+<span id="index-defineindex"></span>
+<p>If your document needs more than one index, each must have its own
+file. Therefore, Eplain provides the command <code>\defineindex</code>, which
+takes an argument that is a single letter, which replaces &lsquo;<samp>i</samp>&rsquo; in
+the filenames and in the indexing command names described below. For
+example,
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\defineindex{m}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>defines the command <code>\mdx</code> to write to the file
+<samp>foo.mdx</samp>. Eplain simply does <code>\defineindex{i}</code> to define
+the default commands.
+</p>
+<p>Note that MakeIndex does not use the above naming scheme for multiple
+indexes. Unless instructed otherwise, MakeIndex always writes its
+output to a file with extension <samp>.ind</samp>. For example, if you
+define an additional index with the command <code>\defineindex{j}</code>,
+you&rsquo;ll need to run MakeIndex like this:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$ makeindex book.jdx -o book.jnd
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-indexes_002c-disabling"></span>
+<span id="index-disabling-indexes"></span>
+<span id="index-ifidx"></span>
+<p>For each index defined with <code>\defineindex{<var>n</var>}</code>, Eplain
+provides a switch <code>\if<var>n</var>dx</code> which controls whether indexing
+commands write index entries to the corresponding index file. However,
+even when index term writing is disabled, indexing commands still do
+all other processing of their arguments, including typesetting of
+proof index terms (see <a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a>.
+</p>
+<p>For example, if you write <code>\idxfalse</code> near the beginning of a
+document <samp>foo.tex</samp> (before the first indexing command), Eplain
+will not open the default index file (<samp>foo.idx</samp>) and the
+corresponding indexing commands (<code>\idx</code>, <code>\sidx</code>, etc.)
+will not write index entries there. This may be useful for draft
+compilations of a manuscript, e.g., to avoid the overhead of index
+file input/output.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Indexing-terms" accesskey="1">Indexing terms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying what to index.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Typesetting-an-index" accesskey="2">Typesetting an index</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Printing the sorted output.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Customizing-indexing" accesskey="3">Customizing indexing</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Creating commands and specifying extra actions.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Indexing-terms"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Typesetting-an-index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Typesetting an index</a>, Up: <a href="#Indexing" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexing</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Indexing-terms-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.12.1 Indexing terms</h4>
+
+<span id="index-indexing-terms"></span>
+<span id="index-silent-indexing"></span>
+
+<p>Indexing commands in Eplain come in pairs: one command that only
+writes the index entry to the &lsquo;<samp>.idx</samp>&rsquo; file (see above section), and
+one that also typesets the term being indexed. The former always starts
+with &lsquo;<samp>s</samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;silent&rdquo;). In either case, the name always includes
+&lsquo;<samp><var>I</var>dx</samp>&rsquo;, where <var>I</var> is the index letter, also described
+above. Eplain defines the index &lsquo;<samp>i</samp>&rsquo; itself, so that&rsquo;s what we&rsquo;ll
+use in the names below.
+</p>
+<span id="index-subterm-in-indexing"></span>
+<p>The silent form of the commands take a subterm as a trailing optional
+argument. For example, <code>\sidx{truth}[definition of]</code> on page 75
+makes an index entry that will eventually be typeset (by default) as
+</p>
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display">truth
+ definition of, 75
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-trailing-spaces-and-indexing-commands"></span>
+<span id="index-spaces_002c-trailing-and-indexing-commands"></span>
+<span id="index-indexing-and-trailing-spaces"></span>
+<p>Also, the silent commands ignore trailing spaces. The non-silent ones do not.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Indexing-commands" accesskey="1">Indexing commands</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making index entries.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Modifying-index-entries" accesskey="2">Modifying index entries</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Ranges, see/see also, page number typesetting.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters" accesskey="3">Index entries with special characters</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Proofing-index-terms" accesskey="4">Proofing index terms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Noting index entries in the margins.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Indexing-commands"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Modifying-index-entries" accesskey="n" rel="next">Modifying index entries</a>, Up: <a href="#Indexing-terms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexing terms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Indexing-commands-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">4.12.1.1 Indexing commands</h4>
+
+<span id="index-indexing-commands"></span>
+<p>Here are the commands.
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li> <span id="index-sidx"></span>
+<span id="index-idx"></span>
+<code>\sidx{<var>term</var>}[<var>subterm</var>]</code> makes an index entry for
+<var>term</var>, optionally with subterm <var>subterm</var>.
+<code>\idx{<var>term</var>}</code> also produces <var>term</var> as output. Example:
+
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidx{truth}[beauty of]
+The beauty of truth is \idx{death}.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Subterms at the second and further levels can also be
+specified in <var>subterm</var>, using the
+<code>\idxsubentryseparator</code> character to separate
+them. This character is by default &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+</li><li> <span id="index-sidxname"></span>
+<span id="index-idxnameseparator"></span>
+<span id="index-idxname"></span>
+<code>\sidxname{<var>First M.</var>}{<var>von Last</var>}[<var>subterm</var>]</code>
+makes an index
+entry for &lsquo;<samp><var>von Last</var>, <var>First M.</var></samp>&rsquo;. You can change the
+&lsquo;<samp>, </samp>&rsquo; by redefining <code>\idxnameseparator</code>.
+<code>\idxname{<var>First M.</var>}{<var>von Last</var>}</code> also produces <var>First M. von
+Last</var> as output. (These commands are useful special cases of <code>\idx</code>
+and <code>\sidx</code>.) Example:
+
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidxname{Richard}{Stark}
+\idxname{Donald}{Westlake} has written many kinds of novels, under
+almost as many names.
+</pre></div>
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-sidxmarked"></span>
+<span id="index-idxmarked"></span>
+<code>\sidxmarked\<var>cs</var>{<var>term</var>}[<var>subterm</var>]</code> makes an index
+entry for <code><var>term</var>[<var>subterm</var>]</code>, but <var>term</var> will be put
+in the index as <code>\<var>cs</var>{term}</code>, but still sorted as just
+<var>term</var>. <code>\idxmarked\<var>cs</var>{<var>term</var>}</code> also typesets
+<code>\<var>cs</var>{term}</code>. This provides for the usual ways of changing
+the typesetting of index entries. Example:
+
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\article#1{``#1''}
+\sidxmarked\article{Miss Elsa and Aunt Sophie}
+Peter Drucker's \idxmarked\article{The Polanyis} is a remarkable
+essay about a remarkable family.
+</pre></div>
+
+</li><li> <span id="index-idxsubmarked"></span>
+<span id="index-sidxsubmarked"></span>
+<code>\sidxsubmarked{<var>term</var>}\<var>cs</var>{subterm}</code> makes an index
+entry for <var>term</var>, <var>subterm</var> as usual, but also puts <var>subterm</var> in
+the index as <code>\<var>cs</var>{term}</code>.
+<code>\idxsubmarked{<var>term</var>}\<var>cs</var>{subterm}</code> also typesets
+<code><var>term</var> \<var>cs</var>{subterm}</code>, in the unlikely event that your
+syntax is convoluted enough to make this useful. Example:
+
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\title#1{{\sl #1}}
+\sidxsubmarked{Anderson, Laurie}\title{Strange Angels}
+The \idxsubmarked{Anderson}\title{Carmen} is a strange twist.
+</pre></div>
+
+</li></ul>
+
+<span id="index-index-entry-general-sorting"></span>
+<span id="index-sorting-of-index-entries"></span>
+<p>The commands above rely on MakeIndex&rsquo;s feature for separating sorting of
+an index entry&rsquo;s from its typesetting. You can use this directly by
+specifying an index entry as <code><var>sort</var>@<var>typeset</var></code>. For
+example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidx{Ap-weight@$A_\pi$-weight}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will sort as <code>Ap-weight</code>, but print with the proper math.
+The <code>@</code> here is MakeIndex&rsquo;s default character for this purpose.
+To make an index entry with an <code>@</code> in it, you have to escape it
+with a backslash; Eplain provides no macros for doing this.
+</p>
+<span id="index-afterindexterm-hook"></span>
+<span id="index-whatsits-made-by-index-entries"></span>
+<p>After any index command, Eplain runs
+<code>\hookaction{afterindexterm}</code>. Because the index commands always
+add a whatsit item to the current list, you may wish to preserve a
+penalty or space past the new item. For example, given a conditional
+<code>\if@aftersctnhead</code> set true when you&rsquo;re at a section heading, you
+could do:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hookaction{afterindexterm}{\if@aftersctnhead \nobreak \fi}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Modifying-index-entries"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index entries with special characters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Indexing-commands" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Indexing commands</a>, Up: <a href="#Indexing-terms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexing terms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Modifying-index-entries-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">4.12.1.2 Modifying index entries</h4>
+
+<span id="index-modifying-index-entries_0027-page-numbers"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entries_0027-page-numbers_002c-modifying"></span>
+
+<p>All the index commands described in the previous section take an initial
+optional argument before the index term, which modify the index entry&rsquo;s
+meaning in various ways. You can specify only one of the following in
+any given command, except that <code>begin</code> and <code>end</code> can be
+specified together with <code>pagemarkup=<var>cs</var></code> (separate them with
+a comma without a following space, like this:
+<code>[begin,pagemarkup=defn]</code>).
+</p>
+<p>These work via MakeIndex&rsquo;s &ldquo;encapsulation&rdquo; feature. See <a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a>, if you&rsquo;re not using the default characters for the
+MakeIndex operators. The other optional argument (specifying a subterm)
+is independent of these.
+</p>
+<p>Here are the possibilities:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>begin</code></dt>
+<dt><code>end</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-begin-for-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-end-for-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entries-and-ranges"></span>
+<span id="index-ranges-and-index-entry"></span>
+<p>These mark an index entry as the beginning or end of a range. The index
+entries must match exactly for MakeIndex to recognize them.
+Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidx[begin]{future}[Cohen, Leonard]
+&hellip;
+\sidx[end]{future}[Cohen, Leonard]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will typeset as something like
+</p>
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display">future,
+ Cohen, Leonard, 65&ndash;94
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>see</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-see-for-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-see_002c-and-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-cross_002dreferencing-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entries_002c-and-cross_002dreferencing"></span>
+<p>This marks an index entry as pointing to another; the real index term is
+an additional (non-optional) argument to the command. Thus you can
+anticipate a term readers may wish to look up, yet which you have
+decided not to index. Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidx[see]{analysis}[archetypal]{archetypal criticism}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>becomes
+</p>
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display">analysis,
+ archetypal, <i>see</i> archetypal criticism
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>seealso</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-seealso-for-index-entries"></span>
+<p>Similar to <code>see</code> (the previous item), but also allows for normal
+index entries of the referencing term. The normal index entries have
+to be created separately&mdash;<code>seealso</code> does <em>not</em> contribute a
+page number to the index entry. For example, if you have indexed a
+term on pages 75,&nbsp;97 and&nbsp;114, and then add a <code>seealso</code>
+entry for the term:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidx[seealso]{archetypal criticism}[elements of]{dichotomies}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>the index will contain
+</p>
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display">archetypal criticism,
+ elements of, 75, 97, 114, <i>see also</i> dichotomies
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(Aside for the academically curious: The archetypal critical book I
+took these dichotomous examples from is Laurence Berman&rsquo;s <cite>The
+Musical Image</cite>, which I happened to co-design and typeset.)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>pagemarkup=<var>cs</var></code></dt>
+<dd><p>This puts <code>\<var>cs</var></code> before the page number in the typeset index,
+thus allowing you to underline definitive entries, italicize examples,
+and the like. You do <em>not</em> precede the control sequence <var>cs</var>
+with a backslash. (That just leads to expansive difficulties.) Naturally
+it is up to you to define the control sequences you want to use. Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\defn#1{{\sl #1}}
+\sidx[pagemarkeup=defn]{indexing}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>becomes something like
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">indexing, <code>\defn{75}</code>
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Index-entries-with-special-characters"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Proofing-index-terms" accesskey="n" rel="next">Proofing index terms</a>, Previous: <a href="#Modifying-index-entries" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Modifying index entries</a>, Up: <a href="#Indexing-terms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexing terms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Index-entries-with-special-characters-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">4.12.1.3 Index entries with special characters</h4>
+
+<span id="index-special-characters_002c-in-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entries-with-special-characters"></span>
+
+<p>Indexing terms with special characters can become quite cumbersome
+because you have to keep both TeX and MakeIndex happy at the same
+time. For example, while &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo; has no special meaning for TeX,
+it is a subentry separator for MakeIndex, therefore you&rsquo;d have to
+escape occurrences of literal &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo; in index terms. Things get
+even more interesting with characters which are special in both TeX
+and MakeIndex.
+</p>
+<p>This in turn has some implications for the non-silent forms of the
+indexing commands (see <a href="#Indexing-terms">Indexing terms</a>), since TeX and MakeIndex
+use different conventions for escaping characters. For example, this
+will not typeset the exclamation point correctly within the text,
+while it will come out right inside the index, after MakeIndex strips
+the quoting character (&lsquo;<samp>&quot;</samp>&rsquo;):
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\idx{&quot;!}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This would have to be rewritten using the silent command:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">!\sidx{&quot;!}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In general, it is a good idea to eschew the non-silent
+commands whenever index term contains anything unusual.
+</p>
+<p>To understand this keep in mind that indexing commands read the terms
+verbatim so that the terms can embed almost any character, and that&rsquo;s
+what gets written into the <samp>.idx</samp> file. The non-silent forms
+then typeset the term by rescanning the verbatim copy, hence for
+the non-silent commands the term, besides being a valid MakeIndex
+input, must also represent a valid TeX input. The silent commands
+don&rsquo;t have this restriction&mdash;their terms only need to become valid
+TeX input <em>after</em> MakeIndex processes the <samp>.idx</samp> file and
+writes the <samp>.ind</samp> file. This is what makes the non-silent
+commands less powerful and more troublesome when dealing with special
+characters.
+</p>
+<span id="index-index-entries_002c-with-verbatim-text"></span>
+<span id="index-index_002c-and-verbatim-text"></span>
+<span id="index-verbatim-text_002c-in-index"></span>
+<p>Here&rsquo;s an example showing that terms for the silent commands can
+contain almost any character:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidx[see]{comments}[with %@with \verbatim %&quot;|endverbatim]
+ {commenting with \verbatim %&quot;|endverbatim}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>We didn&rsquo;t have to escape &lsquo;<samp>%</samp>&rsquo; in the sort string for
+MakeIndex, while we had to put it inside the verbatim environment
+(see <a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a>) in the part which MakeIndex will pass back
+to TeX. Also, we had to escape the &lsquo;<samp>|</samp>&rsquo; character because it
+is special for MakeIndex. If you have trouble understanding the
+reasons for the different types of escaping used, it is best to
+examine the <samp>.idx</samp> and <samp>.ind</samp> files resulting from
+processing the above input.
+</p>
+<p>As was mentioned, index terms can embed &ldquo;almost any character&rdquo;, so
+now we&rsquo;ll describe the exceptions.
+</p>
+<p>The following characters are reset to their usual meanings because
+they are not useful verbatim: multiple consequent spaces are
+converted into a single space; <acronym>ASCII</acronym> tab characters are
+treated as spaces; <acronym>ASCII</acronym> return is treated as end-of-line
+(this means, among other things, that long terms can be broken across
+several lines).
+</p>
+<span id="index-braces_002c-inside-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entries-containing-braces"></span>
+<p>You have to be careful with the begin- and end-group characters
+(&lsquo;<samp>{</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>}</samp>&rsquo; by default). If they are matched, you don&rsquo;t
+have to do anything special. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidx {braces {, }@braces
+ \verbatim {&quot;|endverbatim, \verbatim }&quot;|endverbatim}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>However, if they are not matched you have two problems on
+hand. The first one is TeX&mdash;you have to instruct TeX to use
+something else as begin- and/or end-group characters. Eplain provides
+an easy way to do this: just define
+<span id="index-idxargopen"></span>
+<code>\idxargopen</code> and/or
+<span id="index-idxargclose"></span>
+<code>\idxargclose</code> to the begin- and end-group characters you are
+going to use with indexing macros, and use braces inside index terms
+without any restrictions. Here&rsquo;s an example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\idxargopen{`\&lt;}
+\def\idxargclose{`\&gt;}
+\sidx &lt;left brace &quot;{@left brace \verbatim &quot;{&quot;|endverbatim&gt;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>In this example we&rsquo;ve also dealt with the second
+problem&mdash;braces are MakeIndex&rsquo;s grouping characters as well (by
+default), so we have escaped unmatched braces with &lsquo;<samp>&quot;</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<span id="index-brackets_002c-inside-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entries-containing-brackets"></span>
+<p>And the final note: if you need a subentry containing brackets
+(&lsquo;<samp>[</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>]</samp>&rsquo;), avoid the optional argument of <code>\sidx</code>
+and friends, and use instead MakeIndex&rsquo;s subentry separator to create
+the subentry with the brackets in it:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidx{entry!subentry with a bracket [}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Proofing-index-terms"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Index entries with special characters</a>, Up: <a href="#Indexing-terms" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexing terms</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Proofing-index-terms-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">4.12.1.4 Proofing index terms</h4>
+
+<span id="index-proofing-index-terms"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entries_002c-proofing"></span>
+<span id="index-margins_002c-index-terms-in"></span>
+
+<p>As you are reading through a manuscript, it is helpful to see what terms
+have been indexed, so you can add others, catch miscellaneous errors,
+etc. (Speaking from bitter experience, I can say it is extremely
+error-prone to leave all indexing to the end of the writing, since it
+involves adding many TeX commands to the source files.)
+</p>
+<span id="index-ifindexproofing"></span>
+<span id="index-indexproofingtrue"></span>
+<span id="index-indexproofingfalse"></span>
+<span id="index-indexproofterm"></span>
+<span id="index-indexprooffont"></span>
+<span id="index-cmtt8"></span>
+<p>So Eplain puts index terms in the margin of each page, if you
+set <code>\indexproofingtrue</code>. It is <code>false</code> by default. The terms
+are typeset by the macro <code>\indexproofterm</code>, which takes a single
+argument, the term to be typeset. Eplain&rsquo;s definition of
+<code>\indexproofterm</code> just puts it into an <code>\hbox</code>, first doing
+<code>\indexprooffont</code>, which Eplain defines to select the font
+<code>cmtt8</code>. With this definition long terms run off the page, but
+since this is just for proofreading anyway, it seems acceptable.
+</p>
+<span id="index-pageno"></span>
+<span id="index-insidemargin"></span>
+<span id="index-hoffset"></span>
+<span id="index-outsidemargin"></span>
+<span id="index-indexsetmargins"></span>
+<p>On the other hand, we certainly don&rsquo;t want the index term to run into
+the text of the page, so Eplain uses the right-hand side of the page
+rather than the left-hand page (assuming a language read left to right
+here). So <code>\ifodd\pageno</code>, Eplain kerns by <code>\outsidemargin</code>,
+otherwise by <code>\insidemargin</code>. If those macros are undefined,
+<code>\indexsetmargins</code> defines them to be one inch plus <code>\hoffset</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-_0040indexproof-insertion-class"></span>
+<span id="index-indexproofunbox"></span>
+<span id="index-makeheadline"></span>
+<span id="index-output-routine-and-index-proofing"></span>
+<p>To get the proofing index entries on the proper page, Eplain defines a new
+insertion class <code>\@indexproof</code>. To unbox any index proofing
+material, Eplain redefines <code>\makeheadline</code> to call
+<code>\indexproofunbox</code> before the original <code>\makeheadline</code>. Thus,
+if you have your own output routine, that redefines or doesn&rsquo;t use
+<code>\makeheadline</code>, it&rsquo;s up to you to call <code>\indexproofunbox</code> at
+the appropriate time.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Typesetting-an-index"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Customizing-indexing" accesskey="n" rel="next">Customizing indexing</a>, Previous: <a href="#Indexing-terms" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Indexing terms</a>, Up: <a href="#Indexing" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexing</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Typesetting-an-index-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.12.2 Typesetting an index</h4>
+
+<span id="index-typesetting-an-index"></span>
+<span id="index-index-typesetting"></span>
+<span id="index-readindexfile"></span>
+
+<p>The command <code>\readindexfile{i}</code> reads and typesets the
+<samp>.ind</samp> file that MakeIndex outputs (from the <samp>.idx</samp> file which
+the indexing commands in the previous sections write). Eplain defines a
+number of commands that support the default MakeIndex output.
+</p>
+<span id="index-indexfilebasename"></span>
+<span id="index-jobname-1"></span>
+<p>More precisely, <code>\readindexfile</code> reads
+<code>\indexfilebasename.<var>index-letter</var>nd</code>, where the
+<var>index-letter</var> is the argument. <code>\indexfilebasename</code> is
+<code>\jobname</code> by default, but if you have different indexes in
+different parts of a book, you may wish to change it, just as with
+bibliographies (see <a href="#Citations">Citations</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-begin_007btheindex_007d"></span>
+<span id="index-end_007btheindex_007d"></span>
+<p>MakeIndex was designed to work with LaTeX; therefore, by default the
+<samp>.ind</samp> file starts with <code>\begin{theindex}</code> and ends with
+<code>\end{theindex}</code>. If no <code>\begin</code> has been defined, Eplain
+defines one to ignore its argument and set up for typesetting the index
+(see below), and also defines a <code>\end</code> to ignore its argument. (In
+a group, naturally, since there is a primitive <code>\end</code>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-parindent-in-indexes"></span>
+<span id="index-index-fonts"></span>
+<span id="index-indexfonts"></span>
+<span id="index-double-columns-in-indexes"></span>
+<p>Eplain calls <code>\indexfonts</code>, sets <code>\parindent = 0pt</code>, and does
+<code>\doublecolumns</code> (see <a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a>) at the
+<code>\begin{theindex}</code>. <code>\indexfonts</code> does nothing by default;
+it&rsquo;s just there for you to override. (Indexes are usually typeset in
+smaller type than the main text.)
+</p>
+<span id="index-beginindex-hook"></span>
+<p>It ends the setup with <code>\hookrun{beginindex}</code>, so you can
+override anything you like in that hook (see <a href="#Hooks">Hooks</a>). For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hookaction{beginindex}{\triplecolumns}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-item-in-indexes"></span>
+<span id="index-subitem-in-indexes"></span>
+<span id="index-subsubitem-in-indexes"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entry-formatting"></span>
+<span id="index-formatting-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-space-above-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-continued-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entry-continuations"></span>
+<p>MakeIndex turns each main index entry into an <code>\item</code>, subentries
+into <code>\subitem</code>, and subsubentries into <code>\subsubitem</code>. By
+default, the first line of main entries are not indented, and subentries
+are indented 1em per level. Main entries are preceded by a <code>\vskip</code>
+of <code>\aboveitemskipamount</code>, <code>0pt plus2pt</code> by default. Page
+breaks are encouraged before main entries (<code>\penalty -100</code>), but
+prohibited afterwards&mdash;Eplain has no provision for &ldquo;continued&rdquo;
+index entries.
+</p>
+<p>All levels do the following:
+</p>
+<span id="index-hangindent-for-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-raggedright-for-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-hyphenpenalty-for-index-entries"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hangindent = 1em
+\raggedright
+\hyphenpenalty = 10000
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-indexitem-hook"></span>
+<p>Each entry ends with <code>\hookrun{indexitem}</code>, so you can change any
+of this. For example, to increase the allowable rag:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hookaction{indexitem}{\advance\rightskip by 2em}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-indexspace"></span>
+<span id="index-index-groupings"></span>
+<p>Finally, MakeIndex outputs <code>\indexspace</code> between each group of
+entries in the <samp>.ind</samp> file. Eplain makes this equivalent to
+<code>\bigbreak</code>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Customizing-indexing"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Typesetting-an-index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Typesetting an index</a>, Up: <a href="#Indexing" accesskey="u" rel="up">Indexing</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Customizing-indexing-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.12.3 Customizing indexing</h4>
+
+<span id="index-customizing-indexing"></span>
+
+<span id="index-afterindexterm"></span>
+<span id="index-commas-after-index-terms"></span>
+<span id="index-after-index-terms"></span>
+<p>By default, MakeIndex outputs &lsquo;<samp>, </samp>&rsquo; after each term in the index. To
+change this, you can add the following to your MakeIndex style
+(<samp>.ist</samp>) file:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">delim_0 &quot;\\afterindexterm &quot;
+delim_1 &quot;\\afterindexterm &quot;
+delim_2 &quot;\\afterindexterm &quot;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Eplain makes <code>\afterindexterm</code> equivalent to
+<code>\quad</code>.
+</p>
+<p>You can also change the keywords Eplain recognizes (see <a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a>):
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\idxrangebeginword</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-idxrangebeginword"></span>
+<p>&lsquo;begin&rsquo;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\idxrangeendword</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-idxrangeendword"></span>
+<p>&lsquo;end&rsquo;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\idxseecmdword</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-idxseecmdword"></span>
+<p>&lsquo;see&rsquo;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\idxseealsocmdword</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-idxseealsocmdword"></span>
+<p>&lsquo;seealso&rsquo;
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>You can also change the magic characters Eplain puts into the
+<samp>.idx</samp> file, in case you&rsquo;ve changed them in the <code>.ist</code> file:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\idxsubentryseparator</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-idxsubentryseparator"></span>
+<p>&lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\idxencapoperator</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-idxencapoperator"></span>
+<p>&lsquo;<samp>|</samp>&rsquo;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\idxbeginrangemark</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-idxbeginrangemark"></span>
+<p>&lsquo;<samp>(</samp>&rsquo;
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\idxendrangemark</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-idxendrangemark"></span>
+<p>&lsquo;<samp>)</samp>&rsquo;
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>There is no macro for the <code>actual</code> (&lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo; by default)
+character, because it&rsquo;s impossible to make it expand properly.
+</p>
+<span id="index-idxpagenum"></span>
+<span id="index-see-also-index-entries-and-sorting"></span>
+<p>You can change the (imaginary) page number that &ldquo;see also&rdquo;
+entries sort as by redefining <code>\idxmaxpagenum</code>. This is 99999 by
+default, which is one digit too many for old versions of MakeIndex.
+</p>
+<span id="index-indexseeword"></span>
+<span id="index-indexseealsowords"></span>
+<span id="index-seevariant"></span>
+<span id="index-indexsee"></span>
+<span id="index-indexseealso"></span>
+<p>The words output by Eplain for &ldquo;see&rdquo; and &ldquo;see also&rdquo; index entries
+are defined by <code>\indexseeword</code> and <code>\indexseealsowords</code>
+respectively. You can change the typeface used for these words by
+redefining <code>\seevariant</code>. And finally, the macros
+<code>\indexsee</code> and <code>\indexseealso</code> actually produce the &ldquo;see
+&hellip;&rdquo; entries, so you can redefine them if you want something
+entirely different. If you do redefine them, make them take two
+parameters, the term being referenced and the <code>\idxmaxpagenum</code>
+(the latter should normally be ignored). See the example below.
+</p>
+<span id="index-see-for-index-entries-1"></span>
+<span id="index-see_002c-and-index-entries-1"></span>
+<span id="index-cross_002dreferencing-index-entries-1"></span>
+<span id="index-index-entries_002c-and-cross_002dreferencing-1"></span>
+<span id="index-commas-in-cross_002dreferencing-index-entries"></span>
+<p>Unfortunately, it is impossible to reliably control the commas
+produced by MakeIndex in front of &ldquo;see &hellip;&rdquo; entries in the
+<samp>.ind</samp> file, either at MakeIndex level or at Eplain level.
+However, the
+<span id="index-sed"></span>
+<code>sed</code> script contained in <code>trimsee</code>
+<span id="index-trimsee"></span>
+distributed with Eplain in the <samp>util</samp> directory can be used to
+filter out these commas from the output of MakeIndex. For example,
+suppose you want the following style for your &ldquo;see &hellip;&rdquo; entries:
+</p>
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display">analysis,
+ archetypal (<i>see</i> archetypal criticism)
+archetypal criticism,
+ elements of, 75, 97, 114 (<i>see also</i> dichotomies)
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>You would need to redefine these macros in your TeX
+file:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\indexsee#1#2{({\seevariant \indexseeword\/ }#1)}
+\def\indexseealso#1#2{({\seevariant \indexseealsowords\/ }#1)}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>and then filter out the commas in front of the &ldquo;see &hellip;&rdquo;
+entries by running the following command to produce the <samp>.ind</samp>
+file (assuming the name of the <samp>.idx</samp> file is <samp>myfile.idx</samp>
+and the <samp>trimsee</samp> script is placed in the current directory):
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">prompt$ cat myfile.idx | makeindex | ./trimsee &gt; myfile.ind
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>By default, <samp>trimsee</samp> uses default page list separators and
+default &ldquo;see &hellip;&rdquo; command names. If you set up MakeIndex to use
+different page list separator or change the names of <code>\indexsee</code>
+and <code>\indexseealso</code> commands, it is possible to adjust the
+<samp>trimsee</samp> script through its command line options, which are the
+following:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><samp>-i <var>is</var></samp></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var>is</var> as a regular expression matching separator before &ldquo;see
+&hellip;&rdquo; commands in the input (default: &lsquo;<samp>, \+</samp>&rsquo;).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><samp>-o <var>os</var></samp></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var>os</var> as a separator to replace <var>is</var> before &ldquo;see &hellip;&rdquo;
+commands (default: &lsquo;<samp> </samp>&rsquo;).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><samp>-s <var>see</var></samp></dt>
+<dd><p>Use <var>see</var> as a regular expression matching &ldquo;see &hellip;&rdquo;
+commands (default: &lsquo;<samp>\\indexsee</samp>&rsquo;).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><samp>-h</samp></dt>
+<dt><samp>--help</samp></dt>
+<dd><p>Print a usage message.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><samp>-v</samp></dt>
+<dt><samp>--version</samp></dt>
+<dd><p>Print version.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p><samp>trimsee</samp> reads input from the standard input, and directs its
+output to the standard output.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Justification"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Tables" accesskey="n" rel="next">Tables</a>, Previous: <a href="#Indexing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Indexing</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Justification-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.13 Justification</h3>
+
+<span id="index-centering"></span>
+<span id="index-left_002djustification"></span>
+<span id="index-right_002djustification"></span>
+<span id="index-justification"></span>
+<p>Eplain defines three commands to conveniently justify multiple
+lines of text: <code>\flushright</code>, <code>\flushleft</code>, and
+<code>\center</code>.
+<span id="index-flushright"></span>
+<span id="index-flushleft"></span>
+<span id="index-center"></span>
+</p>
+<p>They all work in the same way; let&rsquo;s take <code>\center</code> as the
+example. To start centering lines, you say <code>\center</code> inside a
+group; to stop, you end the group. Between the two commands, each
+end-of-line in the input file also starts a new line in the output file.
+</p>
+<p>The entire block of text is broken into paragraphs at blank lines,
+so all the TeX paragraph-shaping parameters apply in the usual way.
+This is convenient, but it implies something else that isn&rsquo;t so
+convenient: changes to any linespacing parameters, such as
+<code>\baselineskip</code>, will have <em>no effect</em> on the paragraph in
+which they are changed. TeX does not handle linespacing changes
+within a paragraph (because it doesn&rsquo;t know where the line breaks are
+until the end of the paragraph).
+</p>
+<p>The space between paragraphs is by default one blank line&rsquo;s worth.
+You can adjust this space by assigning to <code>\blanklineskipamount</code>;
+<span id="index-blanklineskipamount-in-justified-text"></span>
+this (vertical) glue is inserted after each blank line.
+</p>
+<p>Here is an example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">{\center First line.
+
+ Second line, with a blank line before.
+}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This produces:
+</p>
+<div align="center">First line.
+</div><div align="center"><!-- /@w -->
+</div><div align="center">Second line, with a blank line before.
+</div>
+<p>You may wish to use the justification macros inside of your own
+macros. Just be sure to put them in a group. For example, here is how
+a title macro might be defined:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\title{\begingroup\titlefont\center}
+\def\endtitle{\endgroup}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-raggedleft"></span>
+<span id="index-raggedright"></span>
+<span id="index-leftskip"></span>
+<span id="index-raggedleftskip"></span>
+<span id="index-spaceskip_002c-reset-by-_005cragged_002e_002e_002e"></span>
+<span id="index-xspaceskip_002c-reset-by-_005cragged_002e_002e_002e"></span>
+<span id="index-parfillskip_002c-reset-by-_005cragged_002e_002e_002e"></span>
+<p>In addition, Eplain defines <code>\raggedleft</code>, analogous to plain
+TeX&rsquo;s <code>\raggedright</code>. This macro is also typically used
+inside a group, but unlike the environments above, TeX does normal
+line breaking; that is, ends-of-lines in the input file aren&rsquo;t treated
+specially. Just like plain&rsquo;s <code>\raggedright</code>, it also resets
+<code>\spaceskip</code> and <code>\xspaceskip</code> so that interword spacing is
+uniform. It also sets <code>\parfillskip</code> to zero so that last lines
+of paragraphs are also &ldquo;ragged left&rdquo;. Finally, <code>\leftskip</code>&rsquo;s
+new value is taken from a new glue register, <code>\raggedleft</code>; its
+default value is <code>0pt plus 2em</code>, the same as
+<code>\raggedright</code>&rsquo;s <code>\rightskip</code>.
+</p>
+<p>Here&rsquo;s an example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">{\raggedleft This text will be set ragged left,
+although the left margin won't be too ragged by default.
+You may well want to increase the value of
+{\tt \char`\\raggedleftskip} before calling the macro.
+It's necessary to end the paragraph before ending the group
+or the setting won't have any effect, so: {\tt \char`\\par}
+}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Despite <code>\raggedleft</code> resetting <code>\parfillskip</code> to zero,
+TeX&rsquo;s line breaking may still prefer to make the last line of a
+paragraph considerably shorter than the rest, to minimize overall
+badness. Increasing <code>\raggedleftskip</code> may help somewhat, but
+using <code>\emergencystretch</code>, retaining interword stretchability by
+assigning <code>\leftskip</code> directly, or even forcing line breaks may
+be necessary.
+</p>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Tables"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Margins" accesskey="n" rel="next">Margins</a>, Previous: <a href="#Justification" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Justification</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Tables-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.14 Tables</h3>
+
+<span id="index-tables"></span>
+<span id="index-alignments"></span>
+<p>Eplain provides a single command, <code>\makecolumns</code>,
+<span id="index-makecolumns"></span>
+to make generating one particular kind of table easier. More
+ambitious LaTeX styles and macro packages tackle more difficult
+applications. The <code>autorows</code> feature of the Memoir package
+provides similar functionality to this.
+</p>
+<p>Many tables are homogenous, i.e., all the entries are semantically the
+same. The arrangement into columns is to save space on the page, not
+to encode different meanings. In this kind of the table, it is useful to
+have the column breaks chosen automatically, so that you can add or
+delete entries without worrying about the column breaks.
+</p>
+<p><code>\makecolumns</code> takes two arguments: the number of entries in the
+table, and the number of columns to break them into. As you can see
+from the example below, the first argument is delimited by a slash, and
+the second by a colon and a space (or end-of-line). The entries for the
+table then follow, one per line (not including the line with the
+<code>\makecolumns</code> command itself).
+</p>
+<p><code>\parindent</code> defines the space to the left of the
+table. <code>\hsize</code> defines the width of the table.
+So you can adjust the position of the table on the page by assignments
+to these parameters, probably inside a group.
+</p>
+<p>You can also control the penalty at a page break before the
+<code>\makecolumns</code> by setting the parameter
+<code>\abovecolumnspenalty</code>.
+<span id="index-abovecolumnspenalty"></span>
+Usually, the table is preceded by some explanatory text. You wouldn&rsquo;t
+want a page break to occur after the text and before the table, so
+Eplain sets it to <code>10000</code>. But if the table produced by
+<code>\makecolumns</code> is standing on its own, <code>\abovecolumnspenalty</code>
+should be decreased.
+</p>
+<p>If you happen to give <code>\makecolumns</code> a smaller number of entries
+than you really have, some text beyond the (intended) end of the table
+will be incorporated into the table, probably producing an error
+message, or at least some strange looking entries. And if you give
+<code>\makecolumns</code> a larger number of entries than you really have,
+some of the entries will be typeset as straight text, probably also
+looking somewhat out of place.
+</p>
+<p>Here is an example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">% Arrange 6 entries into 2 columns:
+\makecolumns 6/2: % This line doesn't have an entry.
+one
+two
+three
+four
+five
+six
+Text after the table.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This produces &lsquo;one&rsquo;, &lsquo;two&rsquo;, and &lsquo;three&rsquo; in the first column, and
+&lsquo;four&rsquo;, &lsquo;five&rsquo;, and &lsquo;six&rsquo; in the second.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Margins"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Multiple-columns" accesskey="n" rel="next">Multiple columns</a>, Previous: <a href="#Tables" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Tables</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Margins-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.15 Margins</h3>
+
+<span id="index-margins_002c-changing"></span>
+<p>TeX&rsquo;s primitives describe the type area in terms of an offset from
+the upper left corner, and the width and height of the type. Some
+people prefer to think in terms of the <em>margins</em> at the top, bottom,
+left, and right of the page, and most composition systems other than
+TeX conceive of the page laid out in this way. Therefore, Eplain
+provides commands to directly assign and increment the margins.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\topmargin = <var>dimen</var></code></dt>
+<dt><code>\bottommargin = <var>dimen</var></code></dt>
+<dt><code>\leftmargin = <var>dimen</var></code></dt>
+<dt><code>\rightmargin = <var>dimen</var></code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-topmargin"></span>
+<span id="index-bottommargin"></span>
+<span id="index-leftmargin"></span>
+<span id="index-rightmargin"></span>
+<p>These commands set the specified margin to the <var>dimen</var> given.
+The <code>=</code> and the spaces around it are optional. The control
+sequences here are not TeX registers, despite appearances;
+therefore, commands like <code>\showthe\topmargin</code> will not do what you
+expect.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\advancetopmargin by <var>dimen</var></code></dt>
+<dt><code>\advancebottommargin by <var>dimen</var></code></dt>
+<dt><code>\advanceleftmargin by <var>dimen</var></code></dt>
+<dt><code>\advancerightmargin by <var>dimen</var></code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-advancetopmargin"></span>
+<span id="index-advancebottommargin"></span>
+<span id="index-advanceleftmargin"></span>
+<span id="index-advancerightmargin"></span>
+<p>These commands change the specified margin by the <var>dimen</var> given.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>Regardless of whether you use the assignment or the advance commands,
+Eplain always changes the type area in response, not the other margins.
+For example, when TeX starts, the left and right margins are both one
+inch. If you then say <code>\leftmargin = 2in</code>, the right margin will
+remain at one inch, and the width of the lines (i.e., <code>\hsize</code>)
+<span id="index-hsize"></span>
+will decrease by one inch.
+</p>
+<p>When you use any of these commands, Eplain computes the old value of
+the particular margin, by how much you want to change it, and then
+resets the values of TeX&rsquo;s primitive parameters to correspond.
+Unfortunately, Eplain cannot compute the right or bottom margin without
+help: you must tell it the full width and height of the final output
+page. It defines two new parameters for this:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\paperheight</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-paperheight"></span>
+<p>The height of the output page; default is 11truein.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\paperwidth</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-paperwidth"></span>
+<p>The width of the output page; default is 8.5truein.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>If your output page has different dimensions than this, you must
+reassign to these parameters, as in
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\paperheight = 11truein
+\paperwidth = 17truein
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Multiple-columns"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Margins" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Margins</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Multiple-columns-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.16 Multiple columns</h3>
+
+<span id="index-double-column-output"></span>
+<span id="index-triple-column-output"></span>
+<span id="index-quadruple-column-output"></span>
+<span id="index-multiple-column-output"></span>
+<p>Eplain provides for double, triple, and quadruple column output: say
+<code>\doublecolumns</code>,
+<span id="index-doublecolumns"></span>
+<code>\triplecolumns</code>,
+<span id="index-triplecolumns"></span>
+or <code>\quadcolumns</code>,
+<span id="index-quadcolumns"></span>
+and from that point on, the manuscript will be
+set in columns. To go back to one column, say
+<code>\singlecolumn</code>.
+<span id="index-singlecolumn"></span>
+</p>
+<span id="index-column-balancing-with-_005csinglecolumn"></span>
+<span id="index-balancing-of-columns-with-_005csinglecolumn"></span>
+<p>You may need to invoke <code>\singlecolumn</code> to balance the columns
+on the last page of output.
+</p>
+<span id="index-columnfill"></span>
+<span id="index-column-eject"></span>
+<span id="index-eject-in-multicolumns"></span>
+<span id="index-pagetotal"></span>
+<p>To do a &ldquo;column eject&rdquo;, i.e., move to the top of the next column, do
+<code>\columnfill</code>. This does not actually force an eject, however: it
+merely inserts an unbreakable space of (essentially) size
+<code>\@normalvsize</code> minus <code>\pagetotal</code> (where
+<code>\@normalvsize</code> is the usual height of the page; to implement
+multicolumns, Eplain multiplies <code>\vsize</code> itself by the number of
+columns). In most circumstances, a column break will be forced after
+this space (during the column splitting operation when the whole page
+is output). Bugs are easily possible, unfortunately.
+</p>
+<span id="index-gutter"></span>
+<p>The columns are separated by the value of the dimen parameter
+<code>\gutter</code>. Default value is two picas.
+<span id="index-gutterbox"></span>
+If you want to add vertical material between the columns, use
+<code>\gutterbox</code>. For example, to put a vertical line between columns,
+define
+<code>\gutterbox</code> as
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\gutterbox{\vbox to \dimen0{\vfil\hbox{\vrule height\dimen0}\vfil}}%
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The dimension counter
+<code>\dimen0</code>
+contains the height of the column.
+</p>
+<p>All the <code>\&hellip;columns</code> macros insert the value of the glue parameter
+<code>\abovecolumnskip</code>
+<span id="index-abovecolumnskip"></span>
+before the multicolumn text, and the value of the glue parameter
+<code>\belowcolumnskip</code>
+<span id="index-belowcolumnskip"></span>
+after it. The default value for both of these parameters is
+<code>\bigskipamount</code>, i.e., one linespace in plain TeX.
+</p>
+<p>The macros take into account only the insertion classes
+<span id="index-insertion-classes"></span>
+defined by plain TeX; namely, footnotes and <code>\topinsert</code>s. If
+you have additional insertion classes, you will need to change
+the implementation.
+</p>
+<p>Also, Eplain makes insertions the full page width. There is no
+provision for column-width insertions.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Footnotes"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Fractions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Fractions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Multiple-columns" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Multiple columns</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Footnotes-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.17 Footnotes</h3>
+
+<span id="index-footnotes_002c-numbered"></span>
+<p>The most common reference mark for footnotes is a raised number,
+incremented on each footnote. The <code>\numberedfootnote</code>
+<span id="index-numberedfootnote"></span>
+macro provides this. It takes one argument, the footnote text.
+</p>
+<p>If your document uses only numbered footnotes, you could make typing
+<code>\numberedfootnote</code> more convenient with a command such as:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\let\footnote = \numberedfootnote
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>After doing this, you can type your footnotes as
+<code>\footnote{<var>footnote text</var>}</code>, instead of as
+<code>\numberedfootnote{<var>footnote text</var>}</code>.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain keeps the current footnote number in the count register
+<code>\footnotenumber</code>. So, to reset the footnote number to zero,
+as you might want to do at, for example, the beginning of a chapter, you
+could say <code>\footnotenumber=0</code>.
+</p>
+<p>Plain TeX separates the footnote marker from the footnote text by
+an en space (it uses the <code>\textindent</code> macro). In Eplain, you can
+change this space by setting the dimension register
+<code>\footnotemarkseparation</code>.
+<span id="index-footnotemarkseparation"></span>
+The default is still an en.
+</p>
+<p>You can produce a space between footenotes by setting the glue
+register <code>\interfootnoteskip</code>.
+<span id="index-interfootnoteskip"></span>
+The default is zero.
+</p>
+<p><code>\parskip</code> is also set to zero by default before the beginning of
+each footnote (but not for the text of the footnote).
+</p>
+<p>You can also control footnote formatting in a more general way:
+Eplain expands the token register <code>\everyfootnote</code>
+<span id="index-everyfootnote"></span>
+before a footnote is typeset, but after the default values for all the
+parameters have been established. For example, if you want your
+footnotes to be printed in seven-point type, indented by one inch, you
+could say:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\everyfootnote = {\sevenrm \leftskip = 1in}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>By default, an <code>\hrule</code> is typeset above each group of footnotes
+on a page. You can control the dimensions of this rule by setting
+the dimension registers <code>\footnoterulewidth</code>
+<span id="index-footnoterulewidth"></span>
+and <code>\footnoteruleheight</code>.
+<span id="index-footnoteruleheight"></span>
+The space between the rule and the first footnote on the page is
+determined by the dimension register <code>\belowfootnoterulespace</code>.
+<span id="index-belowfootnoterulespace"></span>
+If you don&rsquo;t want any rule at all, set <code>\footenoteruleheight=0pt</code>,
+and, most likely, <code>\belowfootnoterulespace=0pt</code>. The defaults for
+these parameters typeset the rule in the same way as plain TeX: the
+rule is 0.4 points high, 2 true inches wide, with 2.6 points below it.
+</p>
+<p>The space above the rule and below the text on the page is controlled
+by the glue register <code>\skip\footins</code>. The default is a plain TeX
+<code>\bigskip</code>.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain can create hypertext links for the footnote marks (see <a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a>).
+</p>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Fractions"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Paths" accesskey="n" rel="next">Paths</a>, Previous: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnotes</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Fractions-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.18 Fractions</h3>
+
+<span id="index-fractions"></span>
+<p>Exercise 11.6 of <cite>The TeXbook</cite> describes a macro <code>\frac</code>
+<span id="index-frac"></span>
+for setting fractions, but <code>\frac</code> never made it into plain TeX.
+So Eplain includes it.
+</p>
+<p><code>\frac</code> typesets the numerator and denominator in
+<code>\scriptfont0</code>, slightly raised and lowered. The numerator and
+denominator are separated by a slash. The denominator must be enclosed
+in braces if it&rsquo;s more than one token long, but the numerator need not
+be. (This is a consequence of <code>\frac</code> taking delimited arguments;
+see page&nbsp;203 of <cite>The TeXbook</cite> for an explanation of
+delimited macro arguments.)
+</p>
+<p>For example, <code>\frac 23/{64}</code> turns &lsquo;23/64&rsquo; into
+.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Paths"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Logos" accesskey="n" rel="next">Logos</a>, Previous: <a href="#Fractions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Fractions</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Paths-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.19 Paths</h3>
+
+<span id="index-pathnames_002c-breaking"></span>
+<span id="index-filenames_002c-breaking"></span>
+<span id="index-electronic-mail-addresses_002c-breaking"></span>
+
+<p>When you typeset long pathnames, electronic mail addresses, or other
+such &ldquo;computer&rdquo; names, you would like TeX to break lines at
+punctuation characters within the name, rather than trying to find
+hyphenation points within the words. For example, it would be better to
+break the email address <code>letters@alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu</code> at the
+&lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo; or a &lsquo;<samp>.</samp>&rsquo;, rather than at the hyphenation points in
+&lsquo;<samp>letters</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>alpha</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<span id="index-path"></span>
+<p>If you use the <code>\path</code> macro to typeset the names, TeX will find
+these good breakpoints. The argument to <code>\path</code> is delimited by
+any character other than &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo; which does not appear in the
+name itself.
+&lsquo;<samp>|</samp>&rsquo; is often a good choice, as in:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\path|letters@alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu|
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-discretionaries"></span>
+<p>You can control the exact set of characters at which breakpoints will be
+allowed by calling <code>\discretionaries</code>. This takes the same sort of
+delimited argument; any character in the argument will henceforth be a valid
+breakpoint within <code>\path</code>. The default set is essentially all the
+punctuation characters:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\discretionaries |~!@$%^&amp;*()_+`-=#{}[]:&quot;;'&lt;&gt;,.?\/|
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-specialpathdelimiters-_0028conditional_0029"></span>
+<p>If for some reason you absolutely must use <code>\</code> as the delimiter
+character for <code>\path</code>, you can set
+<code>\specialpathdelimiterstrue</code>. (Other delimiter characters can
+still be used.) TeX then processes the <code>\path</code> argument
+about four times more slowly.
+</p>
+<span id="index-URL-for-path_002esty"></span>
+<p>The <code>\path</code> macro comes from <samp>path.sty</samp>, written by Nelson
+Beebe and Philip Taylor, and available at
+<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/path">https://ctan.org/pkg/path</a>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Logos"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Boxes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Paths" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Paths</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Logos-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.20 Logos</h3>
+
+<span id="index-logos"></span>
+<span id="index-names_002c-of-TeX-variants"></span>
+
+<p>Eplain redefines the <code>\TeX</code>
+<span id="index-TeX"></span>
+macro of plain TeX to end with <code>\null</code>, so that the proper
+spacing is produced when <code>\TeX</code> is used at the end of a sentence.
+The other &hellip;TeX macros listed here do this, also.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain defines
+<code>\AMSLaTeX</code>,
+<span id="index-AMSLaTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-AMSLaTeX-1"></span>
+<code>\AMSTeX</code>,
+<span id="index-AMSTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-AMSTeX-1"></span>
+<code>\BibTeX</code>
+<span id="index-BibTeX-1"></span>
+<span id="index-BibTeX-2"></span>
+<code>\eTeX</code>,
+<span id="index-eTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-eTeX-1"></span>
+<code>\ExTeX</code>,
+<span id="index-ExTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-ExTeX-1"></span>
+<code>\LAMSTeX</code>,
+<span id="index-LAMSTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-LAMSTeX-1"></span>
+<code>\LaTeX</code>,
+<span id="index-LaTeX-2"></span>
+<span id="index-LaTeX-4"></span>
+<code>\MF</code>,
+<span id="index-Metafont"></span>
+<span id="index-MF"></span>
+<code>\SLiTeX</code>,
+<span id="index-SLiTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-SLiTeX-1"></span>
+<code>\XeLaTeX</code>,
+<span id="index-XeLaTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-XeLaTeX-1"></span>
+and <code>\XeTeX</code>
+<span id="index-XeTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-XeTeX-1"></span>
+to produce their respective logos. (Sorry, the logos are not shown
+here.) Some spelling variants of these are also supported.
+</p>
+<span id="index-texnames_002esty"></span>
+<p>Most of these macros come from <samp>texnames.sty</samp>, compiled by Nelson
+Beebe and available at
+<a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/biblio/texnames.sty">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/biblio/texnames.sty</a>
+(part of the <code>biblio</code> package, <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/biblio">https://ctan.org/pkg/biblio</a>).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Boxes"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output" accesskey="n" rel="next">Checking for PDF output</a>, Previous: <a href="#Logos" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Logos</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Boxes-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.21 Boxes</h3>
+
+<span id="index-black-boxes"></span>
+<span id="index-rectangles"></span>
+<p>The solid rectangle that Eplain uses as a marker in unordered lists
+(see <a href="#Lists">Lists</a>) is available by itself: just say <code>\blackbox</code>.
+<span id="index-blackbox"></span>
+</p>
+<p>You can create black boxes of arbitrary size with <code>\hrule</code> or
+<code>\vrule</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-open-boxes"></span>
+<span id="index-boxes_002c-open"></span>
+<p>You can also get unfilled rectangles with <code>\makeblankbox</code>.
+<span id="index-makeblankbox"></span>
+This takes two explicit arguments: the height and depth of the rules that
+define the top and bottom of the rectangle. (The two arguments are
+added to get the width of the left and right borders, so that the
+thickness of the border is the same on all four sides.) It also uses,
+as implicit arguments, the dimensions of <code>\box0</code> to define the
+dimensions of the rectangle it produces. (The contents of <code>\box0</code>
+are ignored.)
+</p>
+<p>Here is an example. This small raised open box is suitable for
+putting next to numbers in, e.g., a table of contents.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\openbox{%
+ \ht0 = 1.75pt \dp0 = 1.75pt \wd0 = 3.5pt
+ \raise 2.75pt \makeblankbox{.2pt}{.2pt}
+}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Finally, you can put a box around arbitrary text with <code>\boxit</code>.
+<span id="index-boxit"></span>
+This takes one argument, which must itself be a (TeX) box, and puts a
+printed box around it, separated by <code>\boxitspace</code>
+<span id="index-boxitspace"></span>
+white space (3 points by default) on all four sides. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\boxit{\hbox{This text is boxed.}}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The reason that the argument must be a box is that when the text is
+more than one line long, TeX cannot figure out the line length for
+itself. Eplain does set <code>\parindent</code> to zero inside <code>\boxit</code>,
+since it is very unlikely you would want indentation there. (If you do,
+you can always reset it yourself.)
+</p>
+<p><code>\boxit</code> uses <code>\ehrule</code> and <code>\evrule</code> so that you can
+easily adjust the thicknesses of the box rules. See <a href="#Rules">Rules</a>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Checking-for-PDF-output"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages" accesskey="n" rel="next">Loading LaTeX packages</a>, Previous: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Boxes</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Checking-for-PDF-output-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.22 Checking for PDF output</h3>
+
+<span id="index-URL-for-pdfTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-PDF-output"></span>
+<span id="index-pdftex-1"></span>
+<span id="index-_002epdf-files"></span>
+<p>pdfTeX is an extended TeX that can output both <samp>.dvi</samp> and
+<samp>.pdf</samp> (Adobe&rsquo;s Portable Document Format) files (see
+<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex">https://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex</a>). You might sometimes want to know
+whether the target format is <samp>.pdf</samp> or <samp>.dvi</samp>. The
+<code>\ifpdf</code>
+<span id="index-ifpdf"></span>
+switch can be used to detect pdfTeX in PDF mode:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\ifpdf
+ This text is produced when pdfTeX is in PDF mode.
+\else
+ This text is produced when pdfTeX is in DVI mode,
+ or when some program other than pdfTeX is used.
+\fi
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Keep in mind that <code>\ifpdf</code> is set based on the value of the
+<code>\pdfoutput</code>
+<span id="index-pdfoutput"></span>
+primitive of pdfTeX at the time Eplain is loaded. If you change
+the value of <code>\pdfoutput</code> after you load Eplain, <code>\ifpdf</code>
+will not reflect the change.
+</p>
+<span id="index-ifpdf_002esty"></span>
+<span id="index-Oberdiek_002c-Heiko"></span>
+<p>Eplain defines <code>\ifpdf</code> by incorporating Heiko Oberdiek&rsquo;s
+<samp>ifpdf.sty</samp>, which is available at
+<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/ifpdf">https://ctan.org/pkg/ifpdf</a>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Loading-LaTeX-packages"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Checking for PDF output</a>, Up: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">User definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Loading-LaTeX-packages-1"></span><h3 class="section">4.23 Loading LaTeX packages</h3>
+
+<span id="index-LaTeX-packages"></span>
+<span id="index-packages_002c-LaTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-_002esty-files"></span>
+<span id="index-_002ecls-files"></span>
+
+<p>Eplain provides a limited support for loading LaTeX packages
+(<samp>.sty</samp> files&mdash;not <samp>.cls</samp>). This will mostly work for
+packages which were designed with plain TeX compatibility in mind,
+which means that most LaTeX packages cannot be loaded. The
+packages which are known to work are listed below (see <a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a>). If you discover a working package which is not in
+the list, please report it to the Eplain mailing list
+(see <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-graphics-collection_002c-LaTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-LaTeX-graphics-collection"></span>
+<span id="index-miniltx_002etex"></span>
+<span id="index-Carlisle_002c-David"></span>
+<span id="index-Rahtz_002c-Sebastian"></span>
+<p>To set up a pseudo-LaTeX environment for the packages, Eplain uses
+<samp>miniltx.tex</samp> (<a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/miniltx">https://ctan.org/pkg/miniltx</a>) from the
+LaTeX graphics collection, written by David Carlisle and Sebastian
+Rahtz. Eplain extends <samp>miniltx.tex</samp> to provide (primarily)
+support for package options.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#The-_005cusepackage-command" accesskey="1">The \usepackage command</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Command to load packages.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages" accesskey="2">Environment for loading packages</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Environment for the \usepackage commands.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Packages-known-to-work" accesskey="3">Packages known to work</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Packages supported with Eplain.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Packages-known-not-to-work" accesskey="4">Packages known not to work</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Packages known not to work with Eplain.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="The-_005cusepackage-command"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environment for loading packages</a>, Up: <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Loading LaTeX packages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="The-_005cusepackage-command-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.23.1 The <code>\usepackage</code> command</h4>
+
+<span id="index-usepackage"></span>
+<p><code>\usepackage</code> loads a LaTeX package. Its syntax is similar to
+that of LaTeX&rsquo;s <code>\usepackage</code> command:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\usepackage[<var>options</var>]{<var>packages</var>}[<var>version</var>]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <var>options</var> is a comma-separated list of package
+options, <var>packages</var> is a comma-separated list of packages to load
+(without the <samp>.sty</samp> suffix), and <var>version</var> is a package
+version number given as a date in the format &lsquo;<samp>YYYY/MM/DD</samp>&rsquo;. If an
+older version of the package is found, a warning is issued. If
+several packages are loaded within a single <code>\usepackage</code>
+command, the <var>options</var> will be applied to each of the packages.
+As usual, parameters in square brackets are optional and can be
+omitted (together with the square brackets).
+</p>
+<p>For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\usepackage[foo,bar]{pack1,pack2}[2005/08/29]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will load packages &lsquo;<samp>pack1</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>pack2</samp>&rsquo;, each with
+the options &lsquo;<samp>foo</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>bar</samp>&rsquo;, and will check that each of the
+packages are dated 2005/08/29 or newer.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Environment-for-loading-packages"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Packages-known-to-work" accesskey="n" rel="next">Packages known to work</a>, Previous: <a href="#The-_005cusepackage-command" accesskey="p" rel="prev">The \usepackage command</a>, Up: <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Loading LaTeX packages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Environment-for-loading-packages-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.23.2 Environment for loading packages</h4>
+
+<span id="index-loading-packages_002c-environment-for"></span>
+
+<span id="index-beginpackages"></span>
+<span id="index-endpackages"></span>
+<p>Some packages request that certain commands are executed after all
+packages have been loaded. In LaTeX, this means that the commands
+are executed at the beginning of the document, after the so-called
+<em>preamble</em>. Neither plain TeX nor Eplain have a concept of
+preamble; therefore, Eplain requires that all packages be loaded inside
+a <code>\beginpackages...\endpackages</code> block. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\beginpackages
+ \usepackage[foo,bar]{pack1}
+ \usepackage{pack2}
+\endpackages
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This requirement enables Eplain to execute the &ldquo;delayed&rdquo;
+commands at the end of the <code>\beginpackages...\endpackages</code> block.
+</p>
+<p>For the same reason, it is advisable to specify only one such block
+per document, just like there is only one preamble in LaTeX.
+</p>
+<span id="index-input"></span>
+<span id="index-eplaininput"></span>
+<span id="index-LaTeX-packages_002c-restoring-_005cinput"></span>
+<span id="index-restoring-_005cinput_002c-LaTeX-packages"></span>
+<p>Both the <samp>miniltx.tex</samp> file used by Eplain and some LaTeX
+packages redefine TeX&rsquo;s primitive <code>\input</code> to be a macro.
+Under plain&nbsp;TeX, users probably expect the primitive
+<code>\input</code>. Therefore, at the beginning of the
+<code>\beginpackages...\endpackages</code> block Eplain saves the meaning of
+<code>\input</code> as <code>\eplaininput</code> and restores the original
+<code>\input</code> at the end of the block. This usually means that the
+primitive <code>\input</code> is restored, unless you (or some other macro
+package you&rsquo;ve loaded directly) have redefined it before calling
+<code>\beginpackages</code>. In case you need to access the
+package-provided <code>\input</code>, Eplain saves it as
+<code>\packageinput</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-resetatcatcode"></span>
+<span id="index-catcode-of-_0040"></span>
+<p>Along the same lines, Eplain restores the catcode of &lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo; at
+<code>\endpackages</code> to whatever it was before (using
+<code>\resetatcatcode</code>, as defined by <samp>miniltx.tex</samp>). This is
+needed because <samp>miniltx.tex</samp>, read by <code>\beginpackages</code>, does
+not restore the catcode of &lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo;, but leaves it as 11 (letter).
+</p>
+<span id="index-hanging-on-_005cinput"></span>
+<span id="index-error-on-_005cinput"></span>
+<p>Sometimes you may encounter packages which make conflicting
+redefinitions of <code>\input</code>. Common symptoms are TeX spewing
+incomprehensible error messages or hanging in a loop at a call to
+<code>\input</code>. This sometimes can be cured by restoring <code>\input</code>
+to <code>\eplaininput</code> before loading each package. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\beginpackages
+ \usepackage{pack1}
+ \let\input\eplaininput
+ \usepackage{pack2}
+\endpackages
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Packages-known-to-work"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Packages-known-not-to-work" accesskey="n" rel="next">Packages known not to work</a>, Previous: <a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Environment for loading packages</a>, Up: <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Loading LaTeX packages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Packages-known-to-work-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.23.3 Packages known to work</h4>
+
+<span id="index-LaTeX-packages-1"></span>
+<span id="index-packages_002c-LaTeX-1"></span>
+<p>The following table lists packages that had been tested and are known
+to work with Eplain, and locations where you can find manuals for
+these packages. Some of the short descriptions of the packages were
+taken from the documentation for those packages.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>autopict (&lsquo;<samp>2001/06/04 v1.1j Picture mode autoload file</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-autopict_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://tug.org/eplain/misc/ltpictur.pdf">https://tug.org/eplain/misc/ltpictur.pdf</a>
+</p>
+<span id="index-picture-mode"></span>
+<span id="index-begin_007bpicture_007d"></span>
+<span id="index-end_007bpicture_007d"></span>
+<p>This is the LaTeX &ldquo;picture mode&rdquo;, started by
+<code>\begin{picture}</code> and ended by <code>\end{picture}</code> (in
+LaTeX, this package is not explicitly loaded since it is part of
+the LaTeX kernel). It provides commands to draw simple figures
+inside your document without resorting to any external tools.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>color (&lsquo;<samp>1999/02/16 v1.0i Standard LaTeX Color (DPC)</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-color_002esty"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt>graphics (&lsquo;<samp>2001/07/07 v1.0n Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-graphics_002esty"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt>graphicx (&lsquo;<samp>1999/02/16 v1.0f Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-graphicx_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/graphics">https://ctan.org/pkg/graphics</a>
+</p>
+<span id="index-graphics-collection_002c-LaTeX-1"></span>
+<span id="index-LaTeX-graphics-collection-1"></span>
+<span id="index-color"></span>
+<span id="index-rotation"></span>
+<span id="index-scaling"></span>
+<p>These packages are from the LaTeX graphics collection. (The
+independent <samp>xcolor</samp> package does not work with Eplain.) They
+provide commands for changing text/page colors, text rotation and
+scaling, and much more.
+</p>
+<span id="index-color_002c-problems-with-pdfTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-graphics_002c-problems-with-pdfTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-pdfTeX_002c-problems-using-color-and-graphics"></span>
+<span id="index-pdfTeX_002c-problems-with-supp_002dmis_002etex"></span>
+<span id="index-ConTeXt"></span>
+<span id="index-supp_002dmis_002etex_002c-problems-with-pdfTeX"></span>
+<span id="index-supp_002dpdf_002etex"></span>
+<p><strong>Warning&nbsp;1:</strong> If you encounter problems loading one of
+these packages under pdfTeX (when pdfTeX
+reads <samp>supp-mis.tex</samp>), the cause may be an outdated
+<samp>supp-mis.tex</samp> (part of ConTeXt, a typesetting system for
+TeX) installed on your system. The problem was fixed in
+<samp>supp-mis.tex</samp> version&nbsp;2004.10.26. You can obtain
+up-to-date versions of <samp>supp-mis.tex</samp> and the accompanying
+<samp>supp-pdf.tex</samp> from
+<a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/pdftex/graphics">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/pdftex/graphics</a>.
+To convince TeX to use the new files, you have the following
+options:
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li> put the new files in the same directory with your document;
+
+</li><li> overwrite the outdated files installed by your TeX distribution;
+
+</li><li> install the new <samp>supp-mis.tex</samp> and <samp>supp-pdf.tex</samp> files in
+the relevant subdirectory of your local <samp>texmf</samp> tree (for info on
+TeX directory structure see <a href="https://tug.org/tds/">https://tug.org/tds/</a> and
+<a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds</a>);
+
+</li><li> upgrade your ConTeXt installation.
+</li></ol>
+
+<p>Note that option&nbsp;1 is the safest but provides the fix
+only for your current document. Options&nbsp;2 and&nbsp;3 will
+usually suffice for Eplain but may break ConTeXt. Option&nbsp;4 is
+the most general but is more complicated than the first three. Be
+sure to backup any files you overwrite. Also keep in mind that
+upgrading your TeX distribution may overwrite files you install in
+the system <samp>texmf</samp> tree.<br> <strong>End of warning&nbsp;1.</strong>
+</p>
+<p><strong>Warning&nbsp;2:</strong> If you encounter problems using the
+<code>\pagecolor</code> command from the <samp>color.sty</samp> package under
+pdfTeX, the cause may be an outdated pdfTeX color and graphics
+driver <samp>pdftex.def</samp>. The problem was fixed in <samp>pdftex.def</samp>
+version&nbsp;0.03p. You can obtain an up-to-date version from
+<a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex-def">http://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex-def</a>.<br>
+<strong>End of warning&nbsp;2.</strong>
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\fcolorbox</code> macro provided by the <code>color</code> package
+requires the macro <code>\fbox</code> to work, but <code>miniltx</code> does not
+provide that. Here is a definition for it that uses Eplain&rsquo;s
+<code>\boxit</code> (see <a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a>), thanks to Dan Luecking and Helmut
+Jarausch:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makeatletter
+\def\fbox#1{{%
+ \hruledefaultheight=\fboxrule
+ \hruledefaultdepth=0pt
+ \vruledefaultwidth=\fboxrule
+ \let\boxitspace\fboxsep % use miniltx register
+ \boxit{\color@begingroup\hbox{#1}\color@endgroup}%
+}}
+\makeatother
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-omitting-typesetting-of-graphics"></span>
+<span id="index-graphics_002c-omitting-typesetting-of"></span>
+<p>The <samp>graphics</samp>/<samp>graphicx</samp> packages have the option
+<span id="index-draft_002c-option-for-graphics_002esty"></span>
+<code>draft</code> which instructs <code>\includegraphics</code> not to include the
+graphics but instead typeset a box with the dimensions of the graphics
+and the name of the graphics file in typewriter type at the center of
+the box. These packages expect the LaTeX-provided command
+<span id="index-ttfamily"></span>
+<code>\ttfamily</code> to switch to typewriter type. This command is not
+defined by <samp>miniltx.tex</samp>, therefore Eplain defines it and makes it
+equivalent to plain&nbsp;TeX&rsquo;s
+<span id="index-tt"></span>
+<code>\tt</code>.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a>, for the demonstration of text rotation and
+graphics inclusion using the <samp>graphicx</samp> package, and using the
+<samp>color</samp> package to colorize hypertext links.
+</p>
+<span id="index-Hoppner_002c-Klaus"></span>
+<p>Klaus H&ouml;ppner has written a nice introduction to the LaTeX graphics
+packages and different graphics formats. You can download it from
+</p><div class="display">
+<pre class="display"><a href="https://tug.org/pracjourn/2005-3/hoeppner">https://tug.org/pracjourn/2005-3/hoeppner</a>
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt>epstopdf (&lsquo;<samp>2009/07/16 v2.2 Conversion with epstopdf on the fly (HO)</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-epstopdf_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg">https://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</a>
+</p>
+<span id="index-Encapsulated-PostScript"></span>
+<span id="index-EPS"></span>
+<span id="index-_002eeps-files"></span>
+<span id="index-Portable-Document-Format"></span>
+<span id="index-PDF"></span>
+<span id="index-_002epdf-files-1"></span>
+<span id="index-epstopdf"></span>
+<p>This package does on-the-fly conversion of Encapsulated PostScript
+(<acronym>EPS</acronym>) graphics into Portable Document Format (<acronym>PDF</acronym>)
+graphics for inclusion with the <code>\includegraphics</code> command from
+the <samp>graphics</samp>/<samp>graphicx</samp> packages, so that you do not have
+to explicitly call the <samp>epstopdf</samp> script.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>psfrag (&lsquo;<samp>1998/04/11 v3.04 PSfrag (MCG)</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-psfrag_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/psfrag">https://ctan.org/pkg/psfrag</a>
+</p>
+<span id="index-Encapsulated-PostScript-1"></span>
+<span id="index-EPS-1"></span>
+<span id="index-_002eeps-files-1"></span>
+<p>PSfrag allows the user to precisely overlay Encapsulated PostScript
+(<acronym>EPS</acronym>) files with arbitrary (La)TeX constructions. In order to
+accomplish this, the user places a simple text &ldquo;tag&rdquo; in the graphics
+file, as a &ldquo;position marker&rdquo; of sorts. Then, using simple
+(La)TeX commands, the user instructs PSfrag to remove that tag from
+the figure, and replace it with a properly sized, aligned, and rotated
+(La)TeX equation.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>soul (&lsquo;<samp>2003/11/17 v2.4 letterspacing/underlining (mf)</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-soul_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/soul">https://ctan.org/pkg/soul</a>
+</p>
+<span id="index-letterspacing"></span>
+<span id="index-spacing-out"></span>
+<span id="index-underlining"></span>
+<span id="index-striking-out"></span>
+<span id="index-overstriking"></span>
+<span id="index-highlighting"></span>
+<p>This package provides hyphenatable letterspacing (spacing out),
+underlining, and some derivatives. The package is optimized for
+LaTeX, but works with plain TeX&mdash;you don&rsquo;t actually need to
+load it with the <code>\usepackage</code> command, just say <code>\input
+soul.sty</code>. If you intend to use the highlighting macros of
+<samp>soul</samp>, don&rsquo;t forget to load the <samp>color</samp> package.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>url (&lsquo;<samp>2005/06/27 ver 3.2 Verb mode for urls, etc.</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-url_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/url">https://ctan.org/pkg/url</a>
+</p>
+<span id="index-pathnames_002c-breaking-1"></span>
+<span id="index-filenames_002c-breaking-1"></span>
+<span id="index-electronic-mail-addresses_002c-breaking-1"></span>
+<p>This package provides a form of <code>\verbatim</code> that allows
+line breaks at certain characters or combinations of characters,
+accepts reconfiguration, and can usually be used in the argument to
+another command. It is intended for email addresses, hypertext links,
+directories/paths, etc., which normally have no spaces.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain can create hypertext links with the <code>\url</code> command
+(see <a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a>).
+</p>
+<p>Be sure to get a version dated at least 2005/06/27, as older versions
+have problems in plain&nbsp;TeX.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Packages-known-not-to-work"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Packages-known-to-work" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Packages known to work</a>, Up: <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages" accesskey="u" rel="up">Loading LaTeX packages</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Packages-known-not-to-work-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">4.23.4 Packages known not to work</h4>
+
+<span id="index-LaTeX-packages-2"></span>
+<span id="index-packages_002c-LaTeX-2"></span>
+<p>The following packages are known not to work with Eplain:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>hyperref</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hyperref_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref">https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref</a>
+</p>
+<p>This package depends heavily on LaTeX, so that it is essentially
+unusable outside of LaTeX. Eplain provides its own macros for
+creating hyperlinks; see <a href="#Hyperlinks">Hyperlinks</a>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>microtype (&lsquo;<samp>2013/05/23 v2.51 Micro-typographical refinements (RS)</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-microtype_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/microtype">https://ctan.org/pkg/microtype</a>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>pict2e (&lsquo;<samp>2005/07/15 v0.2r Improved picture commands (HjG,RN)</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-pict2e_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/pict2e">https://ctan.org/pkg/pict2e</a>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>xcolor (&lsquo;<samp>2005/06/06 v2.03 LaTeX color extensions (UK)</samp>&rsquo;)</dt>
+<dd><span id="index-xcolor_002esty"></span>
+<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor">https://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor</a>
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Arrow-theoretic-diagrams" accesskey="n" rel="next">Arrow theoretic diagrams</a>, Previous: <a href="#User-definitions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">User definitions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hyperlinks-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">5 Hyperlinks</h2>
+
+<span id="index-links_002c-hypertext"></span>
+<span id="index-hypertext-links"></span>
+<p>This chapter describes the support which Eplain provides for hypertext
+links (<em>hyperlinks</em> for short). Hyperlinks can be created
+implicitly by the cross-reference, indexing and other macros in
+Eplain. Macros for constructing explicit hyperlinks are also
+provided.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks" accesskey="1">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="2">Explicit hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="3">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers" accesskey="4">Hyperlink drivers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options" accesskey="5">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff" accesskey="6">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Making-PDF-outlines" accesskey="7">Making PDF outlines</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Also known as bookmarks.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Introduction-to-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Explicit hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Introduction-to-hyperlinks-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.1 Introduction to hyperlinks</h3>
+
+<span id="index-hyperlink-drivers"></span>
+<span id="index-drivers_002c-hyperlink"></span>
+<p>The original TeX engine has no built-in support for hyperlinks
+(a.k.a. hypertext links).
+Many of the present-day file formats with hyperlinking capabilities
+did not even exist at the time TeX was written. However, TeX&rsquo;s
+<span id="index-special"></span>
+<code>\special</code> primitive can be used to instruct TeX to write
+special directives into its <samp>.dvi</samp> output file. These directives
+are not interpreted by TeX in any way; they are intended for programs
+which process the <samp>.dvi</samp> files produced by TeX, be it printing
+or converting to other formats, such as
+<span id="index-_002eps-files"></span>
+<span id="index-_002epdf-files-2"></span>
+<samp>.ps</samp> or <samp>.pdf</samp>.
+</p>
+<p>Another approach is to extend the original TeX engine with the
+ability to generate one of the hyperlinking formats; TeX&rsquo;s set of
+primitives can be extended to include hyperlink commands. This is the
+approach used by the pdfTeX engine, which is capable of producing
+<samp>.pdf</samp> files directly from the TeX source, skipping the
+<samp>.dvi</samp> generation and processing step.
+</p>
+<p>It turns out that the sets of commands for different formats are mostly
+not interchangeable, as each of the file formats has its own quirks and
+capabilities. And this is where Eplain <em>hyperlink drivers</em> come
+into play.
+</p>
+<p>In order for Eplain to generate proper commands, Eplain has to know
+two things: which engine or <samp>.dvi</samp> processor you are using, and
+the set of commands it understands.
+</p>
+<p>The knowledge about the commands that the various processors
+understand is programmed into Eplain&rsquo;s hyperlink drivers. Eplain
+provides three drivers: <code>hypertex</code> (implementation of the
+HyperTeX standard, see <a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex">http://arxiv.org/hypertex</a>), and
+<code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code> (named after the programs which
+process the hyperlink commands,
+<span id="index-pdftex-2"></span>
+pdfTeX and
+<span id="index-dvipdfm"></span>
+dvipdfm). Therefore, Eplain can only produce HyperTeX commands and
+hyperlink commands for one of these two programs&mdash;except that the
+extended <code>dvipdfmx</code> program can be used as well as the original
+<code>dvipdfm</code>, since they are compatible.
+</p>
+<p>To tell Eplain which <samp>.dvi</samp> processor or extended TeX engine you
+are using, use the command
+<span id="index-enablehyperlinks"></span>
+<code>\enablehyperlinks</code>.
+</p>
+<p>For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\enablehyperlinks
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>instructs Eplain to attempt to automatically detect which
+driver to use, as follows: if it detects pdfTeX in <acronym>PDF</acronym>
+mode, it loads the <code>pdftex</code> driver. If it does not detect
+pdfTeX in <acronym>PDF</acronym> mode, the <code>hypertex</code> driver is loaded.
+The detection is based on the
+<span id="index-ifpdf-1"></span>
+<code>\ifpdf</code> switch (see <a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a>).
+</p>
+<p>If necessary, you can explicitly specify the driver name:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\enablehyperlinks[dvipdfm]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will start producing hyperlinks under the assumption that
+you are using pdfTeX.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain does not produce any hyperlinks until you explicitly enable
+them with <code>\enablehyperlinks</code>. For one thing, this keeps Eplain
+backward-compatible with previous releases without hyperlink support.
+For another, you may be using a program other than pdfTeX or
+<code>dvipdfm</code>, which does not understand their hyperlink commands or
+the HyperTeX commands.
+</p>
+<span id="Concepts-and-Terminology"></span><h4 class="subheading">Concepts and Terminology</h4>
+
+<p>In general, hyperlinks work as follows. You mark some place in your
+document as a hyperlink destination, associating a <em>hyperlink
+label</em> with that destination. Next, somewhere within your document,
+you create a hyperlink, using a label to identify the destination you
+want this link to point to. A hyperlink is a region in the document
+(which can take many forms, for example, text or a picture); when a
+user clicks on that region, they will be taken to a place in the
+document marked by the corresponding destination. The following two
+sections (<a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a>, and <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a>)
+describe the macros you can use to define destinations and create
+links pointing to those destinations.
+</p>
+<p>In the rest of this chapter, we will often need to refer to links and
+destinations jointly, in which case we will use the term
+<em>hyperlinks</em>. We will use the terms <em>links</em> and
+<em>destinations</em> in cases when we need to refer specifically to
+links or destinations.
+</p>
+<span id="index-link-type"></span>
+<span id="index-destination-type"></span>
+<span id="index-type_002c-link-and-destination"></span>
+<p>Hyperlink drivers provide several kinds of links and destinations. We
+will refer to them as <em>link types</em> and <em>destination types</em>.
+</p>
+<p>For example, one of the destination types that the <code>pdftex</code>
+driver provides is the &lsquo;<samp>xyz</samp>&rsquo; type; when the user follows a link
+pointing to an &lsquo;<samp>xyz</samp>&rsquo; destination, the exact location marked by
+that destination is displayed. Another destination type provided by
+the <code>pdftex</code> driver is the &lsquo;<samp>fit</samp>&rsquo; type; when the user follows
+a link pointing to a &lsquo;<samp>fit</samp>&rsquo; destination, the page containing that
+destination is zoomed to fit into the window in which the document is
+displayed.
+</p>
+<p>Similarly, drivers support various link types. For example, with the
+<code>pdftex</code> driver, the usual link type used to refer to
+destinations in the current document is called &lsquo;<samp>name</samp>&rsquo;. You can
+also create a link pointing to another local document (by using the
+&lsquo;<samp>filename</samp>&rsquo; link type) or to a <acronym>URL</acronym> (by using the
+&lsquo;<samp>url</samp>&rsquo; link type).
+</p>
+<span id="index-link-options"></span>
+<span id="index-destination-options"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-link-and-destination"></span>
+<p>In addition, each hyperlink driver supports a number of destination and
+link <em>options</em>. By setting these options you can customize
+hyperlink parameters (e.g., the thickness of the border drawn around a
+hyperlink) or pass information to hyperlinks (for example, file name of
+a document, for a link pointing to a destination in another document).
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers">Hyperlink drivers</a>, for the description of hyperlink types and
+options supported by the drivers. See <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a>, for the information on how to set hyperlink options.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Explicit-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Implicit hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Introduction to hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Explicit-hyperlinks-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.2 Explicit hyperlinks</h3>
+
+<span id="index-explicit-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-explicit"></span>
+<span id="index-hldest"></span>
+<p>Explicit hyperlinks are created by you, in the source of your
+document. The simplest command is <code>\hldest</code>, which marks the
+current position in your document as a destination:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldest{<var>type</var>}{<var>options</var>}{<var>label</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Here <var>type</var> is one of the destination types supported by
+the hyperlink driver (see <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers">Hyperlink drivers</a>), <var>options</var> is a
+comma-separated list of option assignments, and <var>label</var> is the
+hyperlink label to associate with this destination. This label will
+identify the destination when creating links pointing to this
+destination. For example, with the <code>pdftex</code> driver, the command
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldest{xyz}{zoom=2000}{index}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>creates a destination of type &lsquo;<samp>xyz</samp>&rsquo; (&ldquo;the current
+position&rdquo;), sets the magnification ratio for this destination to be
+200%, and associates the label <code>index</code> with the destination.
+</p>
+<span id="index-hlstart"></span>
+<span id="index-hlend"></span>
+<p>Another command, <code>\hlstart</code>, paired with <code>\hlend</code>, turns all
+intervening material into a link:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlstart{<var>type</var>}{<var>options</var>}{<var>label</var>} &hellip; \hlend
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Here <var>type</var>, <var>options</var> and <var>label</var> have the same
+meaning as for <code>\hldest</code>. Continuing the previous example,
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlstart{name}{bstyle=U,bwidth=2}{index} Index\hlend
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>typesets the word &lsquo;Index&rsquo; as a link with underline border of
+width&nbsp;2&nbsp;PostScript points, pointing to the named destination
+<code>index</code> defined in the previous example. (The other options, like
+highlight mode and border color, are determined by the defaults,
+see <a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a>).
+</p>
+<p>The <var>label</var> argument of both <code>\hldest</code> and <code>\hlstart</code>
+can contain special characters (such as &lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>%</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>&amp;</samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp>~</samp>&rsquo;, etc.) without any escaping. This is especially important
+for <acronym>URL</acronym> links supported by some drivers (see <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers">Hyperlink drivers</a>).
+</p>
+<p>Both <code>\hldest</code> and <code>\hlstart</code> ignore following spaces.
+</p>
+<p>Both <code>\hldest</code> and <code>\hlstart</code> expand the first token of
+<var>options</var> once, so you can save a list of options in a macro and
+pass it for the <var>options</var>. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\linkopts{bstyle=U,bwidth=2}
+\hlstart{name}{\linkopts}{index}Index\hlend
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>is functionally equivalent to the previous example.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a>, for a demonstration of the usage of
+explicit hyperlinks.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Implicit-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hyperlink drivers</a>, Previous: <a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Explicit hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Implicit-hyperlinks-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.3 Implicit hyperlinks</h3>
+
+<span id="index-implicit-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-implicit"></span>
+<p><em>Implicit hyperlinks</em> are hyperlinks created implicitly by various
+Eplain macros, such as the macros for citations, cross-references,
+indexing, etc.
+</p>
+<span id="index-link-group"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup"></span>
+<span id="index-group_002c-link"></span>
+<span id="index-destination-group"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup"></span>
+<span id="index-group_002c-destination"></span>
+<p>All such macros are divided into <em>link groups</em> and
+<em>destination groups</em> (or <em>linkgroups</em> and <em>destgroups</em> for
+short) so that parameters can be set individually for each group. For
+example, all equation macros which define a destination are assigned
+to the &lsquo;eq&rsquo; destgroup; equation macros which create a link are
+assigned to the &lsquo;eq&rsquo; linkgroup. By setting parameters for the &lsquo;eq&rsquo;
+linkgroup (destgroup), you can uniformly customize all links
+(destinations) related to equation references, without interfering
+with settings for the other groups.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a>, for information on how to
+set parameters for a group.
+</p>
+<p>Here is the list of the linkgroups:
+</p>
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display">hrefint, hrefext, url, cite, ref, xref, eq, idx, foot, footback.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>And here are the destgroups:
+</p>
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display">bib, li, definexref, xrdef, eq, idx, foot, footback.
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>See <a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a>, for a demonstration of the usage of
+implicit hyperlinks.
+</p>
+<p>The following subsections describe each of the linkgroups and destgroups
+and the hyperlink support provided.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#General-hyperlinks" accesskey="1">General hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">hrefint, hrefext
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#URL-hyperlinks" accesskey="2">URL hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">url
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Citation-hyperlinks" accesskey="3">Citation hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">cite, bib
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#List-hyperlinks" accesskey="4">List hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">li
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks" accesskey="5">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">definexref, ref
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks" accesskey="6">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">xrdef, xref
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks" accesskey="7">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">eq
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Index-hyperlinks" accesskey="8">Index hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">idx
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks" accesskey="9">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">foot, footback
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Contents-hyperlinks">Contents hyperlinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="General-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#URL-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">URL hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="General-hyperlinks_003a-hrefint_002c-hrefext"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.1 General hyperlinks: hrefint, hrefext</h4>
+
+<span id="index-href"></span>
+<p><code>\href{<var>url</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code> typesets <var>text</var> as a link
+to <var>url</var>. It basically does what the explicit hyperlink macros do
+(see <a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a>), but is more convenient (at the expense
+of flexibility).
+</p>
+<p>If <var>url</var> starts with &lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo;, the rest of <var>url</var> is assumed to
+be a local hyperlink destination name (destination within the same
+document). Parameters for these links can be set by customizing the
+<span id="index-group-_0060hrefint_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060hrefint_0027"></span>
+&lsquo;hrefint&rsquo; linkgroup. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">See \href{#intro}{Introduction}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will make &lsquo;Introduction&rsquo; into an internal link, which might
+have been created, e.g., with <code>\xrdef{intro}</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-URL-hyperlink"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-URL"></span>
+<p>If <var>url</var> does not start with &lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo;, it is assumed to be a
+<acronym>URL</acronym> link. Parameters for these links can be set by
+customizing the
+<span id="index-group-_0060hrefext_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060hrefext_0027"></span>
+&lsquo;hrefext&rsquo; linkgroup. The special characters (such as &lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp>~</samp>&rsquo;) in the <acronym>URL</acronym> don&rsquo;t need to be escaped. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\href{https://tug.org/eplain/doc/eplain.html#Hyperlinks}{Hyperlinks
+ in Eplain}
+\href{mailto:tex-eplain@tug.org}{Eplain mailing list}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>See <a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a>, for another way to create
+<acronym>URL</acronym> hyperlinks.
+</p>
+<p>The <var>text</var> argument of <code>\href</code> can contain verbatim text
+(see <a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a>) or other macros which manipulate character
+catcodes. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\href{#WeirdChars}{The weird chars \verbatim #&amp;%$~|endverbatim}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p><code>\href</code> does not currently handle other link types, such as
+<span id="index-file_003a-links"></span>
+&lsquo;<samp>file:</samp>&rsquo; and
+<span id="index-run_003a-links"></span>
+&lsquo;<samp>run:</samp>&rsquo; links.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="URL-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Citation-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Citation hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#General-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">General hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="URL-hyperlinks_003a-url"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 URL hyperlinks: url</h4>
+
+<span id="index-URL-hyperlink-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-URL-1"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060url_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060url_0027"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;url&rsquo; linkgroup covers the
+<span id="index-url-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<code>\url</code> command from the LaTeX package
+<span id="index-url_002esty-1"></span>
+<samp>url</samp> (see <a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a>), as well as any new
+<code>\url</code>-like commands you define. The type for this linkgroup is
+set to &lsquo;<samp>url</samp>&rsquo; by the drivers which support this link type.
+&lsquo;<samp>url</samp>&rsquo; links use the parameter to the <code>\url</code> command as the
+<acronym>URL</acronym> to point to.
+</p>
+<p>You may be using the <code>\url</code> command to typeset something other than
+a <acronym>URL</acronym>, e.g., a path, for which you do not want a link to be
+created; in that case, you can disable the &lsquo;url&rsquo; linkgroup with the
+command <code>\hloff[url]</code> (see <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group">Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-boxed-links_002c-avoiding"></span>
+<span id="index-avoiding-boxed-links"></span>
+<span id="index-color_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-colored-links"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-color"></span>
+<p>By default, <acronym>URL</acronym> (and other types of) links are boxed, so
+that they are visually marked even if you do not load the LaTeX
+<span id="index-color_002esty-1"></span>
+&lsquo;color&rsquo; package (see <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a>) and therefore link text
+is not colored. You can see the effect by compiling the following code
+snippet (be sure to get a modern <samp>url.sty</samp>, older versions do not
+work in plain&nbsp;TeX; see <a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a>):
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\input eplain
+\beginpackages
+ \usepackage{url}
+\endpackages
+
+\enablehyperlinks
+
+\url{http://foo/bar}
+
+\url{mailto:foobar@example.org}
+
+\bye
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If the hyperlink driver you use supports the link option <code>bwidth</code>
+(see <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers">Hyperlink drivers</a>), you can produce colored links with no
+border around them. Try this:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\input eplain
+\beginpackages
+ \usepackage{url}
+ \usepackage{color}
+\endpackages
+
+\enablehyperlinks
+\hlopts{bwidth=0}
+
+\url{http://foo/bar}
+
+\url{mailto:foobar@example.org}
+
+\bye
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The command <code>\hlopts{bwidth=0}</code> sets border width to
+zero as the default for all links, and loading the <samp>color</samp> package
+automatically colors links using the default color (see <a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a>). If you want the border width setting to
+apply to <acronym>URL</acronym> links only, say <code>\hlopts[url]{bwidth=0}</code>
+(see <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a>).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Citation-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#List-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">List hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#URL-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">URL hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Citation-hyperlinks_003a-cite_002c-bib"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Citation hyperlinks: cite, bib</h4>
+
+<span id="index-citations_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-citations"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060cite_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060cite_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-cite-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;cite&rsquo; linkgroup includes only the <code>\cite</code> command
+(see <a href="#Citations">Citations</a>). <code>\cite</code> turns each of the references in the
+list into a link pointing to the respective bibliography entry
+produced by the <code>\bibliography</code> command.
+</p>
+<span id="index-bibliography_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-bibliography"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060bib_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-_0060bib_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-bibliography-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;bib&rsquo; destgroup includes the macros related to the
+<code>\bibliography</code> command (see <a href="#Citations">Citations</a>). <code>\bibliography</code>
+inputs a <samp>.bbl</samp> file, which contains a list of bibliography
+entries. For each of the entries, a destination is defined.
+</p>
+<p>Both commands use the citation label as the hyperlink label.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="List-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Citation-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Citation hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="List-hyperlinks_003a-li"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.4 List hyperlinks: li</h4>
+
+<span id="index-lists_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-lists"></span>
+<span id="index-li-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060li_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-_0060li_0027"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;li&rsquo; destgroup consists of the <code>\li</code> command (see <a href="#Lists">Lists</a>),
+which defines a destination if you supply the optional argument
+(cross-reference label). This label is also used as the hyperlink
+label.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page reference hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#List-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">List hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks_003a-definexref_002c-ref"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.5 Cross-reference hyperlinks: definexref, ref</h4>
+
+<span id="index-definexref-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-cross_002dreferences"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060definexref_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-_0060definexref_0027"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;definexref&rsquo; destgroup is for the <code>\definexref</code> command
+(see <a href="#Defining-generic-references">Defining generic references</a>). <code>\definexref</code> defines a
+destination using the cross-reference label (the first argument) as the
+hyperlink label.
+</p>
+<span id="index-group-_0060ref_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060ref_0027"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;ref&rsquo; linkgroup includes <code>\refn</code> and <code>\xrefn</code> (they are
+synonyms), <code>\ref</code>, and <code>\refs</code> (see <a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-refn-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-xrefn-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<p><code>\refn</code> turns the cross-reference it produces into a link, using
+the cross-reference label as the hyperlink label. If an optional
+argument is present, it is tied by
+<span id="index-reftie"></span>
+<code>\reftie</code> to the reference and become part of the link.
+</p>
+<span id="index-ref-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<p><code>\ref</code> works similarly to <code>\refn</code>. It takes an optional
+argument, which is treated the same way as the optional argument to
+<code>\refn</code>. In addition, <code>\ref</code> can produce a &ldquo;class word&rdquo;.
+Both the optional argument and the class word become part of the link,
+when present. The cross-reference is tied by
+<span id="index-reftie-1"></span>
+<code>\reftie</code> to the preceding word. The optional argument is
+separated from the class word by
+<span id="index-refspace"></span>
+<code>\refspace</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-refs-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<p>Unlike <code>\ref</code>, <code>\refs</code> does not take an optional argument and
+does not make the class word part of the link, which is appropriate for
+its intended use.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Page-reference-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Equation reference hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Page-reference-hyperlinks_003a-xrdef_002c-xref"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.6 Page reference hyperlinks: xrdef, xref</h4>
+
+<span id="index-xrdef-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-page-reference-hyperlink"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-page-references"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060xrdef_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-_0060xrdef_0027"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;xrdef&rsquo; destgroup is for <code>\xrdef</code> (see <a href="#Page-references">Page references</a>).
+<code>\xrdef</code> defines a destination using cross-reference label as the
+hyperlink label.
+</p>
+<span id="index-xref-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-refspace-1"></span>
+<span id="index-xrefpageword-1"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060xref_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060xref_0027"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;xref&rsquo; linkgroup includes the <code>\xref</code> command (see <a href="#Page-references">Page references</a>). <code>\xref</code> turns its optional argument (followed by
+<code>\refspace</code>), <code>\xrefpageword</code> and the cross-reference (page
+number) into a link, using the cross-reference label as the hyperlink
+label.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Equation-reference-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Index-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Page reference hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Equation-reference-hyperlinks_003a-eq"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.7 Equation reference hyperlinks: eq</h4>
+
+<span id="index-eqdef-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-eqdefn-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-eqsubdef-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-eqsubdefn-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-equations_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-equations"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060eq_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-_0060eq_0027"></span>
+<p>All commands that define equation labels are part of the &lsquo;eq&rsquo; destgroup.
+These are <code>\eqdef</code>, <code>\eqdefn</code>, <code>\eqsubdef</code> and
+<code>\eqsubdefn</code> (see <a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a>). All these commands use
+the equation label as the hyperlink label. However, if the equation
+label is empty, they make up a (hopefully) unique hyperlink label for
+the destination. This label will be used for the link when you refer to
+this empty-labeled equation with one of the equation reference macros.
+</p>
+<span id="index-phantomeqlabel"></span>
+<span id="index-phantomeqnumber"></span>
+<p>The command <code>\phantomeqlabel</code> is called to generate hyperlink
+labels for the empty-labeled equations. By default, it produces the
+labels in the format &lsquo;<samp>PHEQ<var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;, where <var>number</var> comes
+from the count register <code>\phantomeqnumber</code>; this count register is
+incremented at every empty-labeled equation definition.
+</p>
+<span id="index-eqref-1"></span>
+<span id="index-eqrefn-1"></span>
+<span id="index-reftie-2"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060eq_0027-1"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060eq_0027"></span>
+<p>The commands <code>\eqref</code> and <code>\eqrefn</code> (see <a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a>) form the &lsquo;eq&rsquo; linkgroup. These commands take an optional
+argument, which, when present, is tied with <code>\reftie</code> to the
+equation reference and becomes part of the link. The equation label is
+used for the hyperlink label; if the label is empty, the link is for the
+label generated for the last empty-labeled equation.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Index-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnote hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Equation reference hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Index-hyperlinks_003a-idx"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.8 Index hyperlinks: idx</h4>
+
+<span id="index-idx-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-idxname-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-idxmarked-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-idxsubmarked-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-index-hyperlink"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-index"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060idx_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060idx_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-_0060idx_0027"></span>
+<p>All indexing commands (<code>\idx</code>, <code>\idxname</code>, <code>\idxmarked</code>,
+<code>\idxsubmarked</code> and their silent equivalents, see <a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a>) form the &lsquo;idx&rsquo; destgroup. The &lsquo;idx&rsquo; linkgroup consists of
+the macros which are used to typeset the index when you say
+<span id="index-readindexfile-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<code>\readindexfile{<var>index-letter</var>}</code> (see <a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-makeindex-2"></span>
+<p>To create the links in index entries, Eplain uses MakeIndex&rsquo;s
+&ldquo;encapsulation&rdquo; feature. When you use an indexing macro to mark an
+index term, Eplain writes out a line to the
+<span id="index-_002eidx-files-1"></span>
+<samp>.idx</samp> file of the following general form:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\indexentry{<var>entry</var>|<var>pagemarkup</var>}{<var>pageno</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <var>entry</var> is the index entry (converted into the
+internal format that MakeIndex understands), <var>cs</var> is the markup
+command you specified with the <code>pagemarkup=<var>cs</var></code> optional
+argument to the indexing commands (see <a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a>),
+and <var>pageno</var> is the page number on which the term appeared. When
+processing the <samp>.idx</samp> file, MakeIndex makes the page number an
+argument to the page markup command (&ldquo;encapsulates&rdquo; the page
+number), so the page number in the
+<span id="index-_002eind-files-1"></span>
+<samp>.ind</samp> file appears as <code>\<var>cs</var>{<var>pageno</var>}</code>. Eplain
+internally replaces the <var>cs</var> command name with its own command,
+which, in addition to calling the original <code>\<var>cs</var></code>
+encapsulator, turns the page number into a link.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain provides two approaches to linking page numbers in the index to
+locations of index terms in the text.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms" accesskey="1">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms" accesskey="2">Page destinations for index terms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Choosing-destination-placement" accesskey="3">Choosing destination placement</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Index-page-list-and-page-range-parsers" accesskey="4">Index page list and page range parsers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries" accesskey="5">Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Exact-destinations-for-index-terms"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page destinations for index terms</a>, Up: <a href="#Index-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Index hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Exact-destinations-for-index-terms-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.3.8.1 Exact destinations for index terms</h4>
+
+<p>In this approach, each command that marks an index term defines a unique
+destination and passes its label on to the <samp>.idx</samp> file as part of
+the <code>\indexentry</code> command. The <code>\indexentry</code> line that Eplain
+writes to the <samp>.idx</samp> file becomes
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\indexentry{<var>entry</var>|hlidx{<var>label</var>}{<var>cs</var>}}{<var>pageno}</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-hlidx"></span>
+<p>where <code>\hlidx</code> is the command that is defined by Eplain
+to take three arguments: a hyperlink label (<var>label</var>), a name of
+page number encapsulator (<var>cs</var>) and a page number (<var>pageno</var>).
+In the <samp>.ind</samp> file that MakeIndex will generate, the page number
+will now appear as
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlidx{<var>label</var>}{<var>cs</var>}{<var>pageno</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The result of this command is
+<code>\<var>cs</var>{<var>pageno</var>}</code>, wrapped up into a link pointing to
+<var>label</var> destination.
+</p>
+<p>The hyperlink labels for the index terms are generated by the
+<span id="index-hlidxlabel"></span>
+<code>\hlidxlabel</code> command, by default in the format
+&lsquo;<samp>IDX<var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;, where <var>number</var> is the value of the count
+register
+<span id="index-hlidxlabelnumber"></span>
+<code>\hlidxlabelnumber</code>. This count register is incremented at each
+index term.
+</p>
+<span id="index-exact-index-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-index_002c-exact-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-index_002c-exact"></span>
+<p>The advantage of this approach, as compared to the second approach
+described below, is that links in the index point to exact locations of
+the indexed terms on the page. The disadvantage of this approach is
+that MakeIndex will regard <em>all</em> index entries as distinct, because
+each one contains a (unique) hyperlink label. This disadvantage can be
+partially overcome by the script
+<span id="index-idxuniq"></span>
+<span id="index-filtering-index-entries-with-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-filtering-index-entries"></span>
+<samp>idxuniq</samp> distributed with Eplain in the <samp>util</samp> directory.
+This script filters out <code>\indexentry</code> lines differing only in the
+hyperlink label but identical otherwise. You should process the
+<samp>.idx</samp> with this script before passing it on to MakeIndex. For
+example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">prompt$ ./idxuniq file.idx | makeindex &gt; file.ind
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Still, this solution is not ideal, as the page-range formation
+ability of MakeIndex will not work, and there will be problems of
+apparently identical index entries clashing (e.g., when a range-end
+entry appears on the same page as another entry with the same
+definition; <samp>idxuniq</samp> will not filter out the second entry).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Page-destinations-for-index-terms"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Choosing-destination-placement" accesskey="n" rel="next">Choosing destination placement</a>, Previous: <a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Exact destinations for index terms</a>, Up: <a href="#Index-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Index hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Page-destinations-for-index-terms-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.3.8.2 Page destinations for index terms</h4>
+
+<p>In the second approach, Eplain does not write out any destination labels
+for the index terms. Instead, Eplain writes out a wrapper for page
+number encapsulator which can parse the page number and generate a link
+pointing to the <em>page</em> on which the term appeared. On top of each
+page containing an index term, Eplain defines a destination with label
+produced by
+<span id="index-hlidxpagelabel"></span>
+<code>\hlidxpagelabel</code>. The <code>\hlidxpagelabel</code> command takes a
+single argument (page number <var>number</var>) and by default produces the
+label in the format &lsquo;<samp>IDXPG<var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>With this approach, the <code>\indexentry</code> line which Eplain writes to
+the <code>.idx</code> file looks like this:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\indexentry{<var>entry</var>|hlidxpage{<var>cs</var>}}{<var>pageno}</var>
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-hlidxpage"></span>
+<p>where <code>\hlidxpage</code> is the command that is defined by Eplain
+to take two arguments: a name of page number encapsulator (<var>cs</var>)
+and a page number (<var>pageno</var>). In the <samp>.ind</samp> file that
+MakeIndex will generate, the page number will appear as
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlidxpage{<var>cs</var>}{<var>pageno</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The advantage of this approach is that all features of MakeIndex are
+intact. The drawback is that links in the index do not point to exact
+locations of indexed terms on a page, but to the top of a page on
+which the term appears.
+</p>
+<span id="index-index_002c-parsing-page-numbers"></span>
+<span id="index-page-range_002c-parsing"></span>
+<span id="index-page-list_002c-parsing"></span>
+<span id="index-parsing-page-numbers"></span>
+<p>Another disadvantage is that this approach depends on the page range and
+page list separators which MakeIndex was configured to output.
+<code>\hlidxpage</code> must be able to parse the first page number in a page
+range like &lsquo;<samp>1--4</samp>&rsquo;. In addition, page list parsing is needed
+because MakeIndex combines two consecutive page numbers in one call to
+the page number encapsulator, so <code>\hlidxpage</code> can be passed, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp>1, 2</samp>&rsquo; for the <var>pageno</var>. In this last case, <code>\hlidxpage</code>
+splits the two page numbers, applies <code>\<var>cs</var></code> to each of them,
+and makes each of the page numbers a link to the appropriate page. Note
+that this will alter typesetting slightly, because now the page list
+separator (a comma followed by a space, by default) is not typeset using
+the page number encapsulator (<code>\<var>cs</var></code>).
+</p>
+<p>Eplain&rsquo;s defaults for the page list and page number delimiters are the
+same as those in MakeIndex, a comma followed by a space (&lsquo;<samp>, </samp>&rsquo;) and
+two dashes (&lsquo;<samp>--</samp>&rsquo;), respectively. If you customize MakeIndex to use
+different delimiters, you must not forget to let Eplain know about them
+with the commands
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\setidxpagelistdelimiter{<var>list-delim</var>}
+\setidxpagerangedelimiter{<var>page-delim</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(see <a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a>).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Choosing-destination-placement"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Index-page-list-and-page-range-parsers" accesskey="n" rel="next">Index page list and page range parsers</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Page destinations for index terms</a>, Up: <a href="#Index-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Index hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Choosing-destination-placement-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.3.8.3 Choosing destination placement</h4>
+
+<span id="index-index_002c-placement-of-destinations"></span>
+<span id="index-index_002c-destination-placement"></span>
+<span id="index-index_002c-selecting-destination-placement"></span>
+<span id="index-index_002c-choosing-destination-placement"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-index-destination-placement"></span>
+<p>The approach that Eplain should use for the index terms can be
+selected in the
+<span id="index-enablehyperlinks-1"></span>
+<code>\enablehyperlinks</code> command. The optional argument it accepts is
+a comma-separated list of options. The
+<span id="index-idxexact"></span>
+<code>idxexact</code> option selects the first approach,
+<span id="index-idxpage"></span>
+<code>idxpage</code> the second, and
+<span id="index-idxnone"></span>
+<code>idxnone</code> disables hyperlink support for the index terms
+altogether, in case you want to stop Eplain from writing its link
+wrappers into the <samp>.idx</samp> file. The default is <code>idxpage</code>.
+</p>
+<p>For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\enablehyperlinks[idxexact]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>selects the first approach (&ldquo;exact index links&rdquo;).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Index-page-list-and-page-range-parsers"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a>, Previous: <a href="#Choosing-destination-placement" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Choosing destination placement</a>, Up: <a href="#Index-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Index hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Index-page-list-and-page-range-parsers-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.3.8.4 Index page list and page range parsers</h4>
+
+<p>The macros that Eplain uses to parse page lists and page ranges,
+<code>\idxparselist</code> and <code>\idxparserange</code>, can sometimes be useful
+when defining page number encapsulators. See <a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a>, for the description of these commands and an example of their
+usage.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Index-page-list-and-page-range-parsers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Index page list and page range parsers</a>, Up: <a href="#Index-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Index hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.3.8.5 Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</h4>
+
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-see-and-see-also-index-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-index_002c-hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries"></span>
+<span id="index-see-also-index-entries-and-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-see_002c-and-index-entries_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<p>There is no automatic support for hyperlinks with &ldquo;see&rdquo; and &ldquo;see
+also&rdquo; index entries, as there is not enough information to trace the
+parameters of
+<span id="index-indexsee-1"></span>
+<code>\indexsee</code> and
+<span id="index-indexseealso-1"></span>
+<code>\indexseealso</code> to corresponding index entries. But if desired,
+this can be implemented with <code>\hldest</code> and <code>\hlstart</code>
+(see <a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a>); for example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\sidx{semantic theory of truth@%
+ \leavevmode\hldest{}{}{idx:theo truth}semantic theory of truth}
+&hellip;
+\sidx[seealso]{truth}[definition of]%
+ {\hlstart{}{}{idx:theo truth}semantic theory of truth\hlend}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Footnote-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Contents-hyperlinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Contents hyperlinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Index-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Index hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Footnote-hyperlinks_003a-foot_002c-footback"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.9 Footnote hyperlinks: foot, footback</h4>
+
+<span id="index-footnotes_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-footnotes"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060foot_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-group-_0060footback_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060foot_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060footback_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-_0060foot_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-_0060footback_0027"></span>
+<p>The &lsquo;foot&rsquo; link and destination groups include the
+<span id="index-numberedfootnote-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<code>\numberedfootnote</code> and
+<span id="index-footnote-_0028hyperlinks_0029"></span>
+<code>\footnote</code> macros (see <a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a>). The &lsquo;footback&rsquo; groups
+include the same macros, but control parameters for links and
+destinations created inside the footnote to point back to the footnote
+mark within the text body.
+</p>
+<p>The macros use hyperlink labels generated by
+<span id="index-hlfootlabel"></span>
+<code>\hlfootlabel</code> and
+<span id="index-hlfootbacklabel"></span>
+<code>\hlfootbacklabel</code>. The default formats for the labels are
+&lsquo;<samp>FOOT<var>number</var></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>FOOTB<var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;, respectively,
+where <var>number</var> is the value of the count register
+<span id="index-hlfootlabelnumber"></span>
+<code>\hlfootlabelnumber</code>. This register is incremented at every
+footnote.
+</p>
+<p>Generally, footnote hyperlinks are not of much use, because the
+footnotes are usually placed on the same page as the footnote mark.
+Therefore, footnote hyperlinks are disabled by default. Here is how you
+can turn them on selectively, without affecting the other kinds of
+hyperlinks (see <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group">Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group</a>):
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldeston[foot,footback]
+\hlon[foot,footback]
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Contents-hyperlinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Footnote hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Implicit hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Contents-hyperlinks-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.3.10 Contents hyperlinks</h4>
+
+<span id="index-table-of-contents_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-contents_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-table-of-contents"></span>
+<p>There is currently no special support for hyperlinks in the table of
+contents (see <a href="#Contents">Contents</a>), but implementing them with the
+<code>\hldest</code> and <code>\hlstart &hellip; \hlend</code> commands
+(see <a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a>) should be possible.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hyperlink-drivers"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Setting hyperlink types and options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Implicit hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hyperlink-drivers-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.4 Hyperlink drivers</h3>
+
+<p>This section describes the hyperlink drivers: the types of hyperlinks
+they support, and the options they accept. During the first reading,
+you may only want to skim through this section.
+</p>
+<p>Some of the descriptions below come from <cite>Portable Document Format
+Reference Manual Version&nbsp;1.3</cite>, March&nbsp;11, 1999.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers" accesskey="1">Options supported by all drivers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex" accesskey="2">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="3">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks" accesskey="4">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Options-supported-by-all-drivers"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink drivers</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Options-supported-by-all-drivers-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.4.1 Options supported by all drivers</h4>
+
+<span id="index-hyperlink-options_002c-common"></span>
+<p>This subsection describes the destination and link options which are
+supported by all hyperlink drivers.
+</p>
+
+<span id="Destination-options-supported-by-all-drivers"></span><h4 class="subsubheading">Destination options supported by all drivers</h4>
+
+<span id="index-destination-options_002c-common"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-destination_002c-common"></span>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>raise</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-raise-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-raising-hyperlink-destinations"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-raising"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-raising"></span>
+<p>Specifies how much to raise destinations above the baseline. When set
+to zero or empty, destinations are placed at the baseline.
+</p>
+<p>It is usually convenient to set this option to some variable parameter,
+so that the height to which destinations are raised is automatically
+adjusted according to the current context. For example, setting it to
+<span id="index-normalbaselineskip"></span>
+<code>\normalbaselineskip</code> (or some fraction of it, like
+<code>1.7\normalbaselineskip</code>) makes the setting appropriate for
+different point sizes, in case your document uses more than one.
+</p>
+<p>The default setting is <code>\normalbaselineskip</code>. Initially, the
+destgroups do not define this option, so they fall back on the default,
+except for the &lsquo;eq&rsquo; destgroup, for which this option is set to
+<code>1.7\normalbaselineskip</code>,
+<span id="index-mathematics-displays_002c-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-displayed-math-and-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-large-operators-and-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-large-operators"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-large-operators"></span>
+to accommodate the usual cases of large operators in displayed math.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldestopts[eq]{raise=2.5\normalbaselineskip}</code>
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<span id="Link-options-supported-by-all-drivers"></span><h4 class="subsubheading">Link options supported by all drivers</h4>
+<span id="index-link-options_002c-common"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-link_002c-common"></span>
+
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>colormodel</code></dt>
+<dt><code>color</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-colormodel-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-color-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-color_002c-hyperlinks-1"></span>
+<span id="index-colored-links-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-color-1"></span>
+<p>These two options define the color to be used for rendering the link
+text. The colors are used only when a <code>\color</code> command is defined,
+e.g., by loading the LaTeX &lsquo;color&rsquo; package (see <a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a>). The <code>\color</code> command is called as
+<code>\color[<var>colormodel</var>]{<var>color</var>}</code>, where <var>colormodel</var>
+and <var>color</var> are the definitions of the <code>colormodel</code> and
+<code>color</code> options, respectively. However, if <var>colormodel</var> is
+empty, the optional argument to <code>\color</code> is omitted; and if
+<var>color</var> is empty, the <code>\color</code> command is omitted altogether.
+The default setting is <code><var>colormodel</var>=cmyk</code> and
+<code><var>color</var>=0.28,1,1,0.35</code>.
+</p>
+<p>When specifying colors with several components delimited by commas
+(e.g., RGB and CMYK colors in the LaTeX &lsquo;color&rsquo; package), it is not
+possible to specify the components directly in the option list of
+<code>\hlopts</code>, because comma is the option list delimiter. With the
+&lsquo;color&rsquo; package, it is possible to specify such colors by defining a
+custom color with <code>\definecolor</code> and using the new color name with
+an empty <var>colormodel</var> (see examples below).
+</p>
+<p>Examples:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlopts{colormodel=,color=blue}% predefined color
+\definecolor{mycolor}{rgb}{.3,.8,.95}
+\hlopts{colormodel=,color=mycolor}% custom color
+\hlopts{colormodel=gray,color=.4}
+</pre></div>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hyperlink-driver-hypertex"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, Previous: <a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Options supported by all drivers</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink drivers</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hyperlink-driver-hypertex-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.4.2 Hyperlink driver <code>hypertex</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-hypertex-_0028hyperlink-driver_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-hypertex_002c-hyperlink-driver"></span>
+<span id="index-driver-hypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-driver-hypertex"></span>
+<p>HyperTeX is a standard for inclusion of hyperlink information in
+TeX (and LaTeX) documents (see <a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex">http://arxiv.org/hypertex</a>).
+This standard defines a set of hyperlink tags implemented as
+<code>\special</code> commands written into the <acronym>DVI</acronym> file. The
+major advantage of such standard is that a single <samp>.dvi</samp> file
+containing HyperTeX commands can be viewed by any
+HyperTeX-enabled viewer (e.g., any more or less modern version of
+<span id="index-xdvi"></span>
+<code>xdvi</code>) or converted to other file formats (e.g., <acronym>PDF</acronym>)
+by any HyperTeX-enabled <acronym>DVI</acronym> converter (e.g.,
+<span id="index-dvipdfm-1"></span>
+<code>dvipdfmx</code> or
+<span id="index-dvips"></span>
+<code>dvips</code> with
+<span id="index-Ghostscript"></span>
+Ghostscript&rsquo;s
+<span id="index-ps2pdf"></span>
+<code>ps2pdf</code> script).
+</p>
+<p>The downside to the standard is that it is by design &ldquo;the common
+factor&rdquo; of other formats supporting hyperlinks, so many features of a
+particular file format cannot be supported by HyperTeX. Therefore,
+if you need to use special features of a particular format, HyperTeX
+is not a good choice. For the <acronym>PDF</acronym> file format, Eplain
+provides the <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code> drivers which provide
+fine control over the <acronym>PDF</acronym> options (see <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a>).
+</p>
+<p>For more information on programs which support the HyperTeX standard,
+please see
+</p>
+<div class="display">
+<pre class="display"><a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex">http://arxiv.org/hypertex</a>
+<a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/hypertex/hypertex">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/hypertex/hypertex</a>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>For convenience, we list a few HyperTeX-enabled converters:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dd><span id="index-dvips-1"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>dvips</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Note that you need to pass the <samp>-z</samp> option to <code>dvips</code> to
+tell it to preserve the information about the hyperlinks. To generate a
+<samp>.pdf</samp> file with hyperlinks, you can use the
+<span id="index-ps2pdf-1"></span>
+<samp>ps2pdf</samp> script of
+<span id="index-Ghostscript-1"></span>
+Ghostscript. For example, if <samp>foo.tex</samp> is a TeX file using
+HyperTeX commands, then
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">prompt$ tex foo.tex
+prompt$ dvips -z foo.dvi -o
+prompt$ ps2pdf foo.ps
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will produce <samp>foo.pdf</samp> with hyperlinks.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>dvipdfm</code></dt>
+<dt><code>dvipdfmx</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-dvipdfm-2"></span>
+<p>No special command line arguments are required, these programs
+automatically detect the HyperTeX commands.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>One more note is in place: support for the HyperTeX commands varies
+from one previewer/converter to another, so you might need to experiment
+to see if what you need is supported by the program(s) you intend to
+use. For example, dvips(k) as of version&nbsp;5.92b converts all
+internal hyperlinks into page links pointing to a page containing the
+destination, so that &ldquo;exact&rdquo; linking to destinations is not possible
+(this was confirmed to be a bug and most probably has already been fixed
+in later versions of dvips(k)); dvipdfm as of version&nbsp;0.13.2c and
+dvipdfmx as of version&nbsp;20040411 do not correctly parse links to
+external local files, and produce a <acronym>URL</acronym> link instead of a
+file link.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex" accesskey="1">Destination types for hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Destination-options-for-hypertex" accesskey="2">Destination options for hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex" accesskey="3">Link types for hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-options-for-hypertex" accesskey="4">Link options for hypertex</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Destination-types-for-hypertex"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Destination-options-for-hypertex" accesskey="n" rel="next">Destination options for hypertex</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Destination-types-for-hypertex-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.2.1 Destination types for <code>hypertex</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-destination-types_002c-hypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-types_002c-destination_002c-hypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-hypertex_002c-destination-types"></span>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>xyz</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-xyz-_0028destination-type_0029"></span>
+<p>&ldquo;Current position&rdquo;. This is the default type.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldest{xyz}{}{dest123}</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>raw</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-raw-_0028destination-type_0029"></span>
+<p>The destination specification (in the form of a HyperTeX
+<code>\special</code>) is taken from the command sequence <code>\<var>cs</var></code>,
+where <var>cs</var> is the value of the
+<span id="index-cmd-_0028destination-option_0029"></span>
+<code>cmd</code> option. In the definition of <code>\<var>cs</var></code>, use
+<span id="index-_0040hllabel"></span>
+<code>\@hllabel</code> to refer to the hyperlink label. This option is
+intended to be used with destgroups (see <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a>), as it does not make sense in a direct call to
+<span id="index-hldest-1"></span>
+<code>\hldest</code>&mdash;you can just call the raw command.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makeatletter
+\def\mydest{\special{html:&lt;a name=&quot;\@hllabel&quot;&gt;}%
+ \special{html:&lt;/a&gt;}}
+\resetatcatcode
+\indent\hldest{raw}{cmd=mydest}{SpecialDest}
+ Special destination.
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Destination-options-for-hypertex"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex" accesskey="n" rel="next">Link types for hypertex</a>, Previous: <a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Destination types for hypertex</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Destination-options-for-hypertex-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.2.2 Destination options for <code>hypertex</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-destination-options_002c-hypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-destination_002c-hypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-hypertex_002c-destination-options"></span>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>cmd</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-cmd-_0028destination-option_0029-1"></span>
+<p>Name of the macro (without the leading &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo;) containing a
+HyperTeX <code>\special</code> for the <code>raw</code> destination.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a>, the description of the <code>raw</code>
+destination, for an example.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Link-types-for-hypertex"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Link-options-for-hypertex" accesskey="n" rel="next">Link options for hypertex</a>, Previous: <a href="#Destination-options-for-hypertex" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Destination options for hypertex</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Link-types-for-hypertex-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.2.3 Link types for <code>hypertex</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-link-types_002c-hypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-types_002c-link_002c-hypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-hypertex_002c-link-types"></span>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>name</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-name-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-named-destination"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-named"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-named"></span>
+<p>Go to a &ldquo;named destination&rdquo;. The label is the destination name. All
+destinations in HyperTeX are named destinations. This is the default
+type.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hlstart{name}{}{dest123}Link to dest123\hlend</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>url</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-url-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-URL-hyperlink-2"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-URL"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-URL-2"></span>
+<p>Go to a <acronym>URL</acronym>. The label is the <acronym>URL</acronym>.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example"><code>\hlstart{url}{}{https://tug.org/eplain/}Eplain home\hlend</code>
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>filename</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-filename-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-file_002c-hyperlink-to"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-in-another-file"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-to-another-file"></span>
+<p>Go to a named destination in another file. The label is the
+destination name. The file name is specified by the
+<span id="index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<code>file</code> option. The file name extension can be specified separately
+by the
+<span id="index-ext-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<code>ext</code> option. The idea is to set the <code>ext</code> option globally at
+the beginning of the document to avoid hard-coding the extension
+together with the file name within each link&mdash;HyperTeX is not
+restricted to any single output format, it can be <acronym>DVI</acronym>,
+<acronym>PDF</acronym>, possibly other formats.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlopts{ext=.pdf}
+\hlstart{filename}{file=book}{dest123}
+ Link to dest123 in file `book.pdf'\hlend
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>raw</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-raw-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"></span>
+<p>The link specification (in the form of a HyperTeX <code>\special</code>) is
+taken from the command sequence <code>\<var>cs</var></code>, where <var>cs</var> is the
+value of the
+<span id="index-cmd-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<code>cmd</code> option. In the definition of <code>\<var>cs</var></code>, use
+<span id="index-_0040hllabel-1"></span>
+<code>\@hllabel</code> to refer to the hyperlink label. Use the predefined
+command
+<span id="index-hlhash"></span>
+<code>\hlhash</code> to insert the <code>#</code> characters. This option is
+intended to be used with linkgroups (see <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a>), as it does not make sense in a direct call to
+<span id="index-hlstart-1"></span>
+<code>\hlstart</code>&mdash;you can just call the raw command.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makeatletter
+\def\mylink{\special{html:&lt;a href=&quot;\hlhash\@hllabel&quot;&gt;}}
+\resetatcatcode
+\hlstart{raw}{cmd=mylink}{SpecialDest}
+ Link to the special destination.\hlend
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Link-options-for-hypertex"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Link types for hypertex</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Link-options-for-hypertex-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.2.4 Link options for <code>hypertex</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-link-options_002c-hypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-link_002c-hypertex"></span>
+<span id="index-hypertex_002c-link-options"></span>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>cmd</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-cmd-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"></span>
+<p>Name of the macro (without the leading &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo;) containing a
+HyperTeX <code>\special</code> for the <code>raw</code> link.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a>, the description of the <code>raw</code> link,
+for an example.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>file</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"></span>
+<p>File name for the <code>filename</code> link type. See also the <code>ext</code>
+option.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a>, the description of the <code>filename</code>
+link, for an example.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>ext</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-ext-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"></span>
+<p>File name extension for the <code>filename</code> link type. The idea is to
+set the <code>ext</code> option globally at the beginning of the document to
+avoid hard-coding the extension together with the file name within each
+link&mdash;HyperTeX is not restricted to any single output format, it can
+be <acronym>DVI</acronym>, <acronym>PDF</acronym>, possibly other formats.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a>, the description of the <code>filename</code>
+link, for an example.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a>, Previous: <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink drivers</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.4.3 Hyperlink drivers <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-pdftex-_0028hyperlink-driver_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-dvipdfm-_0028hyperlink-driver_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-pdftex_002c-hyperlink-driver"></span>
+<span id="index-dvipdfm_002c-hyperlink-driver"></span>
+<span id="index-driver-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-driver-dvipdfm"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-driver-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-driver-dvipdfm"></span>
+<p>This subsection describes link and destination types and options
+supported by the <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code> drivers. Many of the
+hyperlink types and options are common to both drivers, so we describe
+them together.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="1">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="2">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="3">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="4">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.3.1 Destination types for <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-destination-types_002c-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-destination-types_002c-dvipdfm"></span>
+<span id="index-types_002c-destination_002c-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-types_002c-destination_002c-dvipdfm"></span>
+<span id="index-pdftex_002c-destination-types"></span>
+<span id="index-dvipdfm_002c-destination-types"></span>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>xyz</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-xyz-_0028destination-type_0029-1"></span>
+<p>&ldquo;Current position&rdquo;. The option
+<span id="index-zoom-_0028destination-option_0029"></span>
+<code>zoom</code> specifies magnification to use (zero or empty means leave
+magnification unchanged, which is the default). This is the default
+type.
+</p>
+<p>For <code>dvipdfm</code>: the options
+<span id="index-left-_0028destination-option_0029"></span>
+<code>left</code> and
+<span id="index-top-_0028destination-option_0029"></span>
+<code>top</code> specify position coordinates to use (empty options mean
+current position coordinate, which is the default).
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldest{xyz}{zoom=2000}{dest123}</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>fit</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-fit-_0028destination-type_0029"></span>
+<p>Fit the page to the window.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldest{fit}{}{dest123}</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>fith</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-fith-_0028destination-type_0029"></span>
+<p>Fit the width of the page to the window.
+</p>
+<p>For <code>dvipdfm</code>: the
+<span id="index-top-_0028destination-option_0029-1"></span>
+<code>top</code> option specifies vertical position (default is empty, meaning
+current position).
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldest{fith}{}{dest123}</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>fitv</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-fitv-_0028destination-type_0029"></span>
+<p>Fit the height of the page to the window.
+</p>
+<p>For <code>dvipdfm</code>: The option
+<span id="index-left-_0028destination-option_0029-1"></span>
+<code>left</code> specifies horizontal position (default is empty, meaning
+current position).
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldest{fitv}{}{dest123}</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>fitb</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-fitb-_0028destination-type_0029"></span>
+<p>Fit the page&rsquo;s bounding box to the window.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldest{fitb}{}{dest123}</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>fitbh</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-fitbh-_0028destination-type_0029"></span>
+<p>Fit the width of the page&rsquo;s bounding box to the window.
+</p>
+<p>For <code>dvipdfm</code>: the option
+<span id="index-top-_0028destination-option_0029-2"></span>
+<code>top</code> specifies vertical position (default is empty, meaning
+current position).
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldest{fitbh}{}{dest123}</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>fitbv</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-fitbv-_0028destination-type_0029"></span>
+<p>Fit the height of the page&rsquo;s bounding box to the window.
+</p>
+<p>For <code>dvipdfm</code>: the option
+<span id="index-left-_0028destination-option_0029-2"></span>
+<code>left</code> specifies horizontal position (default is empty, meaning
+current position).
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldest{fitbv}{}{dest123}</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>fitr</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-fitr-_0028destination-type_0029"></span>
+<p>For <code>pdftex</code>: fit the rectangle specified by the options
+<span id="index-width-_0028destination-option_0029"></span>
+<code>width</code>,
+<span id="index-height-_0028destination-option_0029"></span>
+<code>height</code> and
+<span id="index-depth-_0028destination-option_0029"></span>
+<code>depth</code> (as a TeX rule specification) in the window. For
+dimensions set to empty, the corresponding value of the parent box is
+used (these are the defaults).
+</p>
+<p>For <code>dvipdfm</code>: fit the rectangle specified by the options
+<span id="index-left-_0028destination-option_0029-3"></span>
+<code>left</code>,
+<span id="index-bottom-_0028destination-option_0029"></span>
+<code>bottom</code>,
+<span id="index-right-_0028destination-option_0029"></span>
+<code>right</code> and
+<span id="index-top-_0028destination-option_0029-3"></span>
+<code>top</code> (in
+<span id="index-PostScript-point"></span>
+PostScript points, 72&nbsp;points per inch) in the window. For
+dimensions set to empty, current position coordinate is substituted
+(these are the defaults).
+</p>
+<p>Example for <code>pdftex</code>:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldest{fitr}{width=\hsize,
+ height=.5\vsize,depth=0pt}{dest123}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Example for <code>dvipdfm</code>:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldest{fitr}{left=72,bottom=72,
+ right=720,top=360}{dest123}
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>raw</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-raw-_0028destination-type_0029-1"></span>
+<p>The destination specification (in the form of a pdfTeX command or a
+dvipdfm <code>\special</code>) is taken from the command sequence
+<code>\<var>cs</var></code>, where <var>cs</var> is the value of the
+<span id="index-cmd-_0028destination-option_0029-2"></span>
+<code>cmd</code> option. In the definition of <code>\<var>cs</var></code>, use
+<span id="index-_0040hllabel-2"></span>
+<code>\@hllabel</code> to refer to the hyperlink label. This option is
+intended to be used with destgroups (see <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a>), as it does not make sense in a direct call to
+<span id="index-hldest-2"></span>
+<code>\hldest</code>&mdash;you can just call the raw command.
+</p>
+<p>Example for <code>pdftex</code>:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makeatletter
+\def\mydest{\pdfdest name{\@hllabel} xyz}
+\resetatcatcode
+\hldesttype{raw}
+\hldestopts{cmd=mydest}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Example for <code>dvipdfm</code>:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makeatletter
+\def\mydest{\special{pdf: dest (\@hllabel)
+ [@thispage /XYZ @xpos @ypos 0]}}
+\resetatcatcode
+\hldesttype{raw}
+\hldestopts{cmd=mydest}
+</pre></div>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, Previous: <a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.3.2 Destination options for <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-destination-options_002c-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-destination-options_002c-dvipdfm"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-destination_002c-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-destination_002c-dvipdfm"></span>
+<span id="index-pdftex_002c-destination-options"></span>
+<span id="index-dvipdfm_002c-destination-options"></span>
+<p>With respect to the destination options, the <code>pdftex</code> and
+<code>dvipdfm</code> differ in the way the fit rectangle is specified
+(relative coordinates for <code>pdftex</code>, absolute coordinates for
+<code>dvipdfm</code>).
+</p>
+
+<span id="Common-destination-options"></span><h4 class="subsubheading">Common destination options</h4>
+
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>cmd</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-cmd-_0028destination-option_0029-3"></span>
+<p>Name of the macro (without the leading &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo;) containing a
+pdfTeX command or a dvipdfm <code>\special</code> for the <code>raw</code>
+destination.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, the description of the
+<code>raw</code> destination, for an example.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>zoom</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-zoom-_0028destination-option_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-magnification"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-magnification"></span>
+<span id="index-magnification_002c-hyperlink-destination"></span>
+<span id="index-zooming_002c-hyperlink-destination"></span>
+<p>Magnification ratio times 1000 (like TeX&rsquo;s scale factor).
+Zero or empty means leave magnification unchanged, which is the
+default.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hldest{xyz}{zoom=2000}{dest123}</code>
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<span id="pdftex_002dspecific-destination-options"></span><h4 class="subsubheading"><code>pdftex</code>-specific destination options</h4>
+
+<p>The dimension options below must be specified as a TeX rule
+specification. When set to empty, the corresponding value
+of the parent box is used (this is the default for all dimension
+options).
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>depth</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-depth-_0028destination-option_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-dimensions"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination"></span>
+<p>Depth of the fit rectangle for the <code>fitr</code> destination.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>height</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-height-_0028destination-option_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-dimensions-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-1"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-1"></span>
+<p>Height of the fit rectangle for the <code>fitr</code> destination.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>width</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-width-_0028destination-option_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-dimensions-2"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-2"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-2"></span>
+<p>Width of the fit rectangle for the <code>fitr</code> destination.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldest{fitr}{width=\hsize,
+ height=.5\vsize,depth=0pt}{dest123}
+</pre></div>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<span id="dvipdfm_002dspecific-destination-options"></span><h4 class="subsubheading"><code>dvipdfm</code>-specific destination options</h4>
+
+<p>The dimension options below must be specified in
+<span id="index-PostScript-point-1"></span>
+PostScript points (72&nbsp;points per inch), as a number without the
+&lsquo;<samp>bp</samp>&rsquo; unit name. When set to empty, the current position
+coordinate is used (this is the default for all dimension options).
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>bottom</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bottom-_0028destination-option_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-dimensions-3"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-3"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-3"></span>
+<p>Bottom position coordinate of a box specification for the various
+destination types.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>left</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-left-_0028destination-option_0029-4"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-dimensions-4"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-4"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-4"></span>
+<p>Left position coordinate of a box specification for the various
+destination types.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>right</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-right-_0028destination-option_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-dimensions-5"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-5"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-5"></span>
+<p>Right position coordinate of a box specification for the various
+destination types.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>top</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-top-_0028destination-option_0029-4"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-dimensions-6"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-6"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-6"></span>
+<p>Top position coordinate of a box specification for the various
+destination types.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldest{fitr}{left=72,bottom=72,
+ right=720,top=360}{dest123}
+</pre></div>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="n" rel="next">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, Previous: <a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.3.3 Link types for <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-link-types_002c-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-link-types_002c-dvipdfm"></span>
+<span id="index-types_002c-link_002c-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-types_002c-link_002c-dvipdfm"></span>
+<span id="index-pdftex_002c-link-types"></span>
+<span id="index-dvipdfm_002c-link-types"></span>
+<p>Link types are the same for the <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code>
+drivers, except that the <code>pdftex</code> driver provides one additional
+link type <code>num</code> (link to a numbered destination). dvipdfm does not
+support numbered destinations, therefore it does not have this link
+type. Note that all destinations created by Eplain hyperlink macros are
+named destinations; to define a numbered destination, you have to use
+low-level pdfTeX commands.
+</p>
+
+<span id="Common-link-types"></span><h4 class="subsubheading">Common link types</h4>
+
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>name</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-name-_0028hyperlink-type_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-named-destination-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-named-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-named-1"></span>
+<p>Go to a &ldquo;named destination&rdquo;. The label is the destination name.
+All destinations created with <code>\hldest</code> are named destinations
+(see <a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a>). This is the default type.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hlstart{name}{}{dest123}Link to dest123\hlend</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>url</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-url-_0028hyperlink-type_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-URL-hyperlink-3"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-URL-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-URL-3"></span>
+<p>Go to a <acronym>URL</acronym>. The label is the <acronym>URL</acronym>.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hlstart{url}{}{https://tug.org/eplain/}Eplain home\hlend</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>page</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-page-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-page-destination"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-page"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-page"></span>
+<p>Go to a page. The label is the page number (counting from&nbsp;1).
+Page fitting is specified by the
+<span id="index-pagefit-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<code>pagefit</code> option.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlstart{page}{pagefit=/FitH 600}{123}
+ Link to page~123\hlend
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>filename</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-filename-_0028hyperlink-type_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-file_002c-hyperlink-to-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-in-another-file-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-to-another-file-1"></span>
+<p>Go to a named destination in another file. The label is the
+destination name. The file name is specified by the
+<span id="index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-2"></span>
+<code>file</code> option. Page fitting is specified by the
+<span id="index-pagefit-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"></span>
+<code>pagefit</code> option. The
+<span id="index-newwin-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<code>newwin</code> option specifies whether the destination document is
+opened in the same window or in a new window.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlstart{filename}{file=book.pdf,newwin=1}{dest123}
+ Link to dest123 in file `book.pdf'\hlend
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>filepage</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-filepage-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-file_002c-hyperlink-to-2"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-in-another-file-2"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-to-another-file-2"></span>
+<p>Go to a page in another file. The label is the page number (counting
+from&nbsp;1). The file name is specified by the
+<span id="index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-3"></span>
+<code>file</code> option. Page fitting is specified by the
+<span id="index-pagefit-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-2"></span>
+<code>pagefit</code> option. The
+<span id="index-newwin-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"></span>
+<code>newwin</code> option specifies whether the destination document is
+opened in the same window or in a new window.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlstart{filepage}{file=book.pdf,newwin=,
+ pagefit=/FitR 50 100 300 500}{1}
+ Link to page~1 in file `book.pdf'\hlend
+</pre></div>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>raw</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-raw-_0028hyperlink-type_0029-1"></span>
+<p>The link specification (in the form of a pdfTeX command or a dvipdfm
+<code>\special</code> primitive) is taken from the command sequence
+<code>\<var>cs</var></code>, where <var>cs</var> is the value of the
+<span id="index-cmd-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-2"></span>
+<code>cmd</code> option. In the definition of <code>\<var>cs</var></code>, use
+<span id="index-_0040hllabel-3"></span>
+<code>\@hllabel</code> to refer to the hyperlink label. This option is
+intended to be used with linkgroups (see <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a>), as it does not make sense in a direct call to
+<span id="index-hlstart-2"></span>
+<code>\hlstart</code>&mdash;you can just call the raw command.
+</p>
+<p>Example for <code>pdftex</code>:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">% Redirect all \url links to the first page
+\def\mycmd{\pdfstartlink goto page 1 {/Fit}}
+\hltype[url]{raw}
+\hlopts[url]{cmd=mycmd}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Example for <code>dvipdfm</code>:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">% Redirect all \url links to the first page
+\def\mycmd{\special{pdf: beginann &lt;&lt;/Type/Annot /Subtype/Link
+ /Dest[0 /Fit]&gt;&gt;}}
+\hltype[url]{raw}
+\hlopts[url]{cmd=mycmd}
+</pre></div>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span id="pdftex_002dspecific-link-types"></span><h4 class="subsubheading"><code>pdftex</code>-specific link types</h4>
+
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>num</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-num-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-numbered-destination"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-numbered"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-destination_002c-numbered"></span>
+<p>Go to a &ldquo;numbered destination&rdquo;. The label is the destination
+number.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hlstart{num}{}{123}Link to 123\hlend</code>
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm-1"></span><h4 class="subsubsection">5.4.3.4 Link options for <code>pdftex</code> and <code>dvipdfm</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-link-options_002c-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-link-options_002c-dvipdfm"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-link_002c-pdftex"></span>
+<span id="index-options_002c-link_002c-dvipdfm"></span>
+<span id="index-pdftex_002c-link-options"></span>
+<span id="index-dvipdfm_002c-link-options"></span>
+<p>Link options are mostly the same for the <code>pdftex</code> and
+<code>dvipdfm</code> drivers. The <code>pdftex</code> driver has additional
+options to specify link dimensions.
+</p>
+
+<span id="Common-link-options"></span><h4 class="subsubheading">Common link options</h4>
+
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>bcolor</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bcolor-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-border-color"></span>
+<span id="index-border-color_002c-hyperlink"></span>
+<span id="index-color_002c-hyperlink-border"></span>
+<p>Border color. An array of three numbers in the range 0 to 1,
+representing a color in DeviceRGB.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hlstart{name}{bcolor=.1 .5 1}{dest123}Link\hlend</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>bdash</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bdash-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-dashed-hyperlink-border"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-border-style"></span>
+<span id="index-border-style_002c-hyperlink"></span>
+<p>Array of numbers representing on and off stroke lengths for drawing
+dashes.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hlstart{name}{bstyle=D,bdash=2 4}{dest123}Link\hlend</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>bstyle</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bstyle-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-solid-hyperlink-border"></span>
+<span id="index-dashed-hyperlink-border-1"></span>
+<span id="index-beveled-hyperlink-border"></span>
+<span id="index-inset-hyperlink-border"></span>
+<span id="index-underline-hyperlink-border"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-border-style-1"></span>
+<span id="index-style_002c-hyperlink-border"></span>
+<span id="index-border-style_002c-hyperlink-1"></span>
+<p>Link border style:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>S</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The border is drawn as a solid line.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>D</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The border is drawn with a dashed line (the dash pattern is specified
+by the
+<span id="index-bdash-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"></span>
+<code>bdash</code> option).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>B</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The border is drawn in a beveled style.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>I</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The border is drawn in an inset style.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>U</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The border is drawn as a line on the bottom of the link rectangle.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The default is &lsquo;<samp>S</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hlstart{name}{bstyle=D,bdash=2 4}{dest123}Link\hlend</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>bwidth</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bwidth-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-width_002c-hyperlink-border"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-border-width"></span>
+<span id="index-border-width_002c-hyperlink"></span>
+<p>Border width in
+<span id="index-PostScript-point-2"></span>
+PostScript points (72&nbsp;points per inch). The default is&nbsp;1.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hlstart{name}{bwidth=2}{dest123}Link\hlend</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>cmd</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-cmd-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-3"></span>
+<p>Name of the macro (without the leading &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo;) containing a
+pdfTeX command or a dvipdfm <code>\special</code> for the <code>raw</code> link.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, the description of the
+<code>raw</code> link, for an example.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>file</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-4"></span>
+<p>File name for the <code>filename</code> and <code>filepage</code> link types.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, the descriptions of the
+<code>filename</code> and <code>filepage</code> links, for an example.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>hlight</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hlight-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-highlight-mode"></span>
+<span id="index-highlight-modes_002c-hyperlink"></span>
+<p>Link border highlight modes:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>I</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The rectangle specified by the bounding box of the link is inverted.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>N</code></dt>
+<dd><p>No highlighting is done.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>O</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The border of the link is inverted.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>P</code></dt>
+<dd><p>The region underneath the bounding box of the link is drawn inset into
+the page.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The default is &lsquo;<samp>I</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>Example: <code>\hlstart{name}{bstyle=S,hlight=O}{dest123}Link\hlend</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>newwin</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-newwin-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-2"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-opening-in-a-new-window"></span>
+<span id="index-new-window_002c-opening-hyperlink-in"></span>
+<p>For the <code>filename</code> and <code>filepage</code> links, specifies whether the destination document is
+opened in the same window or in a new window. The settings are:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>0</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Open in the same window.
+</p></dd>
+<dt><code><span class="roman">non-</span>0</code></dt>
+<dd><p>Open in a new window.
+</p></dd>
+<dt><code><span class="roman">empty</span></code></dt>
+<dd><p>Behavior according to the viewer settings.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The default is empty.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, the descriptions of the
+<code>filename</code> and <code>filepage</code> links, for an example.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>pagefit</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-pagefit-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-3"></span>
+<p>For the <code>page</code> and <code>filepage links</code>, specifies how the page
+must be fitted to the window. <code>pagefit</code> specification is written
+to the <acronym>PDF</acronym> file as is, so it must conform to the
+<acronym>PDF</acronym> standard.
+</p>
+<p>See <a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, the descriptions of the
+<code>page</code> and <code>filepage</code> links, for an example.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<span id="pdftex_002dspecific-link-options"></span><h4 class="subsubheading"><code>pdftex</code>-specific link options</h4>
+
+<p>The dimension options below must be specified as a TeX rule
+specification. When set to empty, the corresponding value
+of the parent box is used (this is the default for all dimension
+options).
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>depth</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-depth-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-dimensions"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink"></span>
+<p>Depth of the link.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>height</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-height-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-dimensions-1"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-1"></span>
+<p>Height of the link.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>width</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-width-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-dimensions-2"></span>
+<span id="index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-2"></span>
+<p>Width of the link.
+</p>
+<p>Example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlstart{name}{width=5in,height=20pc,depth=0pt}{dest123}
+ Link\hlend
+</pre></div>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hyperlink-driver-nolinks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlink drivers</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hyperlink-driver-nolinks-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.4.4 Hyperlink driver <code>nolinks</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-nolinks-_0028hyperlink-driver_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-nolinks_002c-hyperlink-driver"></span>
+<span id="index-driver-nolinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-driver-nolinks"></span>
+<span id="index-omitting-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-disabling-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-disabling"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-disabling"></span>
+<span id="index-spacing_002c-preserving-with-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-preserving-spacing"></span>
+<span id="index-page_002dbreaking_002c-preserving-with-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-preserving-page_002dbreaking"></span>
+<p>Select this driver to suppress all hyperlinks in your document.
+</p>
+<p>Selecting this driver is quite different from not selecting any driver
+at all, or from selecting some driver and then turning hyperlinks off
+for the entire document with
+<span id="index-hloff"></span>
+<code>\hloff</code> and
+<span id="index-hldestoff"></span>
+<code>\hldestoff</code> (see <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a>).
+</p>
+<p>The purpose of <code>\hldestoff</code> and <code>\hloff</code> is to mark (parts) of
+your document where hyperlinks should never appear. (Imagine you want
+to prevent a cross-referencing macro from generating a link at a certain
+spot in your document.)
+</p>
+<p>If instead you have prepared a document with hyperlinks and just want to
+compile a version without them, it is better to select the driver
+<code>nolinks</code>. This ensures that spacing and page-breaking are the
+same as what you were getting with hyperlinks enabled.
+</p>
+<p>The reason for this is that hyperlinks are produced by the
+<code>\special</code> primitives or low-level hyperlink commands. Each such
+command is placed inside a
+<span id="index-whatsits-made-by-hyperlinks"></span>
+<em>whatsit</em> (an internal TeX object), which may introduce
+legitimate breakpoints at places where none would exist without the
+whatsits. The macros <code>\hldestoff</code> and <code>\hloff</code> disable the
+hyperlink macros completely, so that no whatsits are produced.
+</p>
+<p>In contrast, the <code>nolinks</code> driver does not completely disable
+hyperlink macros. Instead, it defines them to merely write to the log
+file (what gets written is unimportant). This also produces
+whatsits, thus imitating the whatsits from the hyperlink commands.
+(This trick was borrowed from the
+<span id="index-color_002esty-2"></span>
+<span id="index-graphics-collection_002c-LaTeX-2"></span>
+<span id="index-LaTeX-graphics-collection-2"></span>
+LaTeX &lsquo;color&rsquo; package.)
+</p>
+<p>Another reason for using <code>nolinks</code> is that in horizontal mode
+<code>\hldest</code> places destinations inside boxes of zero width, height,
+and depth. When you say <code>\hldestoff</code>, <code>\hldest</code> will omit
+both destination definitions and these boxes. The missing boxes can
+again cause the typesetting to be inconsistent with that with
+destinations enabled. Here again, the <code>nolinks</code> driver helps by
+defining <code>\hldest</code> to produce the empty boxes.
+</p>
+<p>So, if you are planning to produce versions of your <acronym>PDF</acronym>
+document both with and without hyperlinks, here is the recommended way
+to enable the hyperlinks under pdfTeX:
+</p>
+<span id="index-enablehyperlinks-2"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\ifpdf
+ \enablehyperlinks
+\else
+ \enablehyperlinks[nolinks]%
+\fi
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff" accesskey="n" rel="next">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a>, Previous: <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hyperlink drivers</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.5 Setting hyperlink types and options</h3>
+
+<span id="index-default-hyperlink-type"></span>
+<span id="index-default-hyperlink-options"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-default-type"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-default-options"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-default-type"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-default-options"></span>
+<p>You can define default types for links and destinations, which will be
+used when you do not specify a type in
+<span id="index-hlstart-3"></span>
+<code>\hlstart</code> or
+<span id="index-hldest-3"></span>
+<code>\hldest</code>. Similarly, you can define default values for the
+options; the default value for an option is used when you do not set the
+option in the argument to <code>\hlstart</code> or <code>\hldest</code>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-group-type_002c-hyperlink"></span>
+<span id="index-group-options_002c-hyperlink"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-group-type"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-group-options"></span>
+<span id="index-link_002c-group-type"></span>
+<span id="index-link_002c-group-options"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-type"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-options"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-group-type"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-group-options"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-type"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-options"></span>
+<p>The parameters for implicit links and destinations can be customized by
+setting the &ldquo;group&rdquo; types and options. When not set, the defaults are
+used.
+</p>
+<p>All these settings are local to the current (TeX) group, so if
+you want to set an option temporarily, you can do so inside a
+<code>\begingroup&hellip;\endgroup</code> block; when the group ends, the
+previous settings are restored.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options" accesskey="1">Setting default types and options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Setting-group-types" accesskey="2">Setting group types</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Setting-group-options" accesskey="3">Setting group options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Setting-default-types-and-options"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Setting-group-types" accesskey="n" rel="next">Setting group types</a>, Up: <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Setting hyperlink types and options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Setting-default-types-and-options-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.5.1 Setting default types and options</h4>
+
+<span id="index-hltype"></span>
+<span id="index-hldesttype"></span>
+<p>The default types for links and destinations can be set with the
+following commands:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hltype{<var>type</var>}
+\hldesttype{<var>type</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <var>type</var> is one of the
+link/destination types supported by the selected hyperlink driver
+(see <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers">Hyperlink drivers</a>).
+</p>
+<span id="index-hlopts"></span>
+<span id="index-hldestopts"></span>
+<p>Default values for the options can be set with the following commands:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlopts{<var>options</var>}
+\hldestopts{<var>options</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <var>options</var> is a comma-separated list of option
+assignments in the format &lsquo;<samp><var>option</var>=<var>value</var></samp>&rsquo;. Again, what options
+are allowed depends on the selected hyperlink driver.
+</p>
+<span id="index-boxed-links_002c-avoiding-1"></span>
+<span id="index-avoiding-boxed-links-1"></span>
+<span id="index-color_002c-hyperlinks-2"></span>
+<span id="index-colored-links-2"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-color-2"></span>
+<p>Many people regard the default boxed links as not aesthetic and
+intruding on page layout. The reason why boxed links are the default is
+that the links are not colored until you load the LaTeX
+<span id="index-color_002esty-3"></span>
+&lsquo;color&rsquo; package (see <a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a>) or use other means to
+define the <code>\color</code> command; therefore, not producing any kind of
+link border may result in the links not being marked in any way.
+However, when the links are actually colored, there is no need to
+produce the link boxes anymore; to avoid the boxes, you can set the
+default border width to zero (if the driver you use supports the link
+option <code>bwidth</code>; see <a href="#Hyperlink-drivers">Hyperlink drivers</a>):
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlopts{bwidth=0}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Setting-group-types"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Setting-group-options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Setting group options</a>, Previous: <a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Setting default types and options</a>, Up: <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Setting hyperlink types and options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Setting-group-types-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.5.2 Setting group types</h4>
+
+<span id="index-hltype-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hldesttype-1"></span>
+<span id="index-group-type_002c-hyperlink-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-group-type-1"></span>
+<span id="index-link_002c-group-type-1"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-type-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-group-type-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-type-1"></span>
+<p>When called with an optional argument, as in
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hltype[<var>groups</var>]{<var>type</var>}
+\hldesttype[<var>groups</var>]{<var>type</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <var>groups</var> is a comma-separated list of groups,
+<code>\hltype</code> and <code>\hldesttype</code> set the type for each group from
+<var>groups</var> to <var>type</var>. The default type is used for all groups
+with an empty type (this is the initial setting for all groups, except
+that the type for the &lsquo;url&rsquo; linkgroup is set to &lsquo;<samp>url</samp>&rsquo; by the
+drivers which support this link type).
+</p>
+<span id="index-group-_0060_0027-_0028empty_0029"></span>
+<span id="index-default-hyperlink-type-1"></span>
+<span id="index-default-hyperlink-options-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-default-type-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-default-options-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-default-type-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-default-options-1"></span>
+<p>There are two special &ldquo;groups&rdquo; which can be used inside the
+<var>groups</var> list. An empty group sets the default type. This allows
+to set the default type and group types in one command, for example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hltype[eq,]{<var>type</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>sets the link type for the &lsquo;eq&rsquo; linkgroup and the
+default link type to <var>type</var>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-group-_0060_002a_0027"></span>
+<span id="index-groups_002c-specifying-all"></span>
+<span id="index-all-groups_002c-specifying"></span>
+<p>Another special group is a star (&lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo;) group, which signifies all
+defined groups. For example, the command
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldesttype[*,]{<var>type</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>sets the destination type to <var>type</var> for each group,
+as well as the default destination type.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Setting-group-options"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Setting-group-types" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Setting group types</a>, Up: <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options" accesskey="u" rel="up">Setting hyperlink types and options</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Setting-group-options-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.5.3 Setting group options</h4>
+
+<span id="index-group-options_002c-hyperlink-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-group-options-1"></span>
+<span id="index-link_002c-group-options-1"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-options-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-group-options-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-options-1"></span>
+<p>Option values for each group are stored as a list of option
+assignments. This list does not have to contain every supported
+option. Values for options missing from this list are taken from the
+default option values.
+</p>
+<span id="index-hlopts-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hldestopts-1"></span>
+<p>To manipulate the list of option values for the groups, you use the
+<code>\hlopts</code> and <code>\hldestopts</code> commands with an optional
+argument:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hlopts[<var>groups</var>]{<var>options</var>}
+\hldestopts[<var>groups</var>]{<var>options</var>}
+\hlopts![<var>groups</var>]{<var>options</var>}
+\hldestopts![<var>groups</var>]{<var>options</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <var>groups</var> is a comma-separated list of groups and
+<var>options</var> is a comma-separated list of option assignments. The
+two special &ldquo;groups&rdquo;, the empty group and the star (&lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo;)
+group, have the same meaning as for <code>\hltype</code> and
+<code>\hldesttype</code>.
+<span id="index-group_002c-preserving-option-list"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-group_002c-preserving-option-list"></span>
+<span id="index-option-list_002c-preserving-for-group"></span>
+When used without the exclamation mark, <code>\hlopts</code> and
+<code>\hldestopts</code> preserve the current list of options for the groups,
+and only update the options listed in <var>options</var>. If you add the
+exclamation mark, the current list of options for each group in
+<var>groups</var> is discarded and the new list is set to <var>options</var>.
+</p>
+<p>The &ldquo;overriding&rdquo; nature of the &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo; is appropriate when you give
+a complete specification of the options for a group, e.g., at the
+beginning of your document. On the other hand, when you want to
+adjust some option(s) and leave others intact, you should use the
+macros without the &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<span id="index-raise-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"></span>
+<span id="index-mathematics-displays_002c-hyperlinks-1"></span>
+<span id="index-displayed-math-and-hyperlinks-1"></span>
+<span id="index-large-operators-and-hyperlinks-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-large-operators-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-large-operators-1"></span>
+<span id="index-raising-hyperlink-destinations-1"></span>
+<p>For example, with displayed mathematical formulas, you often need to
+adjust the &lsquo;<samp>raise</samp>&rsquo; option for the
+<span id="index-group-_0060eq_0027-2"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-_0060eq_0027-1"></span>
+&lsquo;eq&rsquo; destgroup, because the formulas often contain large parentheses and
+brackets. But when doing so, you want to leave the other settings
+unchanged. To achieve this, call <code>\hldestopts</code> without the
+&lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo;, for example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$$\hldestopts[eq]{raise=2.5\normalbaselineskip}
+&hellip;
+$$
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The display commands (&lsquo;<samp>$$</samp>&rsquo;) implicitly put the entire
+formula inside a (TeX) group (<code>\begingroup&hellip;\endgroup</code>), so
+you do not need to isolate the setting of the &lsquo;<samp>raise</samp>&rsquo; option&mdash;it
+will be restored after the closing &lsquo;<samp>$$</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<span id="index-option-list_002c-group"></span>
+<span id="index-group-option-list"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-group-option-list"></span>
+<p>Initially, Eplain sets the option lists for almost all groups to empty,
+so that the groups fall back on the default values for all options. The
+one exception to this rule is the &lsquo;eq&rsquo; destgroup, whose initial option
+list contains one setting:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">raise=1.7\normalbaselineskip
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This setting usually accommodates the large operators, which often
+appear in displayed math.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Making-PDF-outlines" accesskey="n" rel="next">Making PDF outlines</a>, Previous: <a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Setting hyperlink types and options</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.6 Turning hyperlinks on/off</h3>
+
+<span id="index-omitting-hyperlinks-1"></span>
+<span id="index-disabling-hyperlinks-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-disabling-1"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-disabling-1"></span>
+<p>Links and/or destinations can be turned on or off globally by disabling
+the low-level commands, or for each group individually.
+</p>
+<p>All these settings are local to the current (TeX) group, so if you
+want to enable or disable links/destinations temporarily, you can do so
+inside a <code>\begingroup&hellip;\endgroup</code> block; when the group ends, the
+previous settings are restored.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff" accesskey="1">Turning low-level commands on/off</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group" accesskey="2">Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group" accesskey="n" rel="next">Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group</a>, Up: <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff" accesskey="u" rel="up">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.6.1 Turning low-level commands on/off</h4>
+
+<span id="index-hldeston"></span>
+<span id="index-hldestoff-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hlon"></span>
+<span id="index-hloff-1"></span>
+<p>The low-level commands <code>\hlstart</code>, <code>\hlend</code> and
+<code>\hldest</code> can be turned on/off with the following commands:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldeston
+\hldestoff
+\hlon
+\hloff
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>See <a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a>, for the implications of using
+these commands to disable hyperlinks for the entire document.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Turning low-level commands on/off</a>, Up: <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff" accesskey="u" rel="up">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">5.6.2 Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group</h4>
+
+<span id="index-group_002c-disabling-hyperlinks"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlink-group_002c-disabling-hyperlinks"></span>
+<p>If you want to disable links/destinations produced by certain groups,
+you can give a list of the groups as an optional argument to these
+commands:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hldeston[<var>groups</var>]
+\hldestoff[<var>groups</var>]
+\hlon[<var>groups</var>]
+\hloff[<var>groups</var>]
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>where <var>groups</var> is the list of linkgroups/destgroups. This
+list can contain two special groups. The empty group switches the
+low-level commands (see <a href="#Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff">Turning low-level commands on/off</a>), and the
+star (&lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo;) group operates on all defined groups.
+</p>
+<p>Note that turning off the low-level commands disables all hyperlinks
+globally, including groups which have them enabled. Turning off certain
+linkgroups/destgroups records the fact that the macros in the group
+should not produce links/destinations. To illustrate the distinction,
+assume that all links are on; after the following sequence of commands:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\hloff
+\hloff[eq]
+\hlon
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>all links are on except for the &lsquo;eq&rsquo; linkgroup.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Making-PDF-outlines"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a>, Up: <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="u" rel="up">Hyperlinks</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Making-PDF-outlines-1"></span><h3 class="section">5.7 Making PDF outlines</h3>
+
+<span id="index-outlines_002c-making-PDF"></span>
+<span id="index-bookmarks_002c-making-PDF"></span>
+<span id="index-PDF-outlines-_0028a_002ek_002ea_002e-bookmarks_0029"></span>
+
+<p>PDF outlines (a.k.a. bookmarks) are more or less a table of contents
+that PDF viewers can display alongside the main document. Eplain&rsquo;s
+hyperlink features can be used to create them; there isn&rsquo;t any special
+support for them. A continuing example interspersed with commentary
+follows.
+</p>
+<p>First we must enable hyperlinks.
+</p><div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\input eplain
+\enablehyperlinks %[dvipdfm] doesn't work
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-ifpdf-2"></span>
+<span id="index-pdftex_002c-making-PDF-outlines-for"></span>
+<span id="index-dvips_002c-making-PDF-outlines-for"></span>
+<p>We will separate the code to support <code>pdftex</code> from <code>dvips</code>
+with the <code>\ifpdf</code> conditional (provided by Eplain).
+</p>
+<span id="index-pdfoutline-_0028pdftex-primitive_0029"></span>
+<p>For <code>pdftex</code>, we can use the <code>\pdfoutline</code> primitive. The
+keyword &quot;count&quot; is followed by the number of subentries in this entry.
+If negative, the bookmark is closed (that is, subentries are hidden).
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\ifpdf
+ \pdfoutline goto name {sec1} count -1 {Mysec-pdf}%
+ \pdfoutline goto name {sec1.1} {Mysubsec-pdf}%
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-special-ps_003a-for-dvips"></span>
+<p>For <code>dvips</code>, we use TeX&rsquo;s <code>\special</code> command to emit a
+<code>ps:</code> special using the PDF <code>pdfmark</code> operator. The
+<code>ps:</code> prefix tells <code>dvips</code> that the following is literal
+PostScript.
+</p>
+<span id="index-pdfmark-_0028PDF-language-primitive_0029"></span>
+<p><code>[ ... pdfmark</code> (there is no closing &lsquo;<samp>]</samp>&rsquo;) is a extension to
+the PostScript language for specifying various PDF-related things. It
+is recognized by Ghostscript, Distiller, et al. Adobe publishes a
+reference manual for it:
+<a href="https://adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/acrobat/pdfs/pdfmark_reference.pdf">https://adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/acrobat/pdfs/pdfmark_reference.pdf</a>.
+</p>
+<span id="index-DOCVIEW-pdfmark"></span>
+<p>The <code>/DOCVIEW</code> pdfmark used here says the outline panel should be used.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\else % not pdf output
+ \special{ps:[/PageMode /UseOutlines /DOCVIEW pdfmark}
+ %
+ % The individual outline entries, using a different syntax
+ % than pdftex, but the same information.
+ \special{ps:[/Count -1 /Dest (sec1) cvn /Title (Mysec-dvi)
+ /OUT pdfmark}
+ \special{ps:[/Count -0 /Dest (sec1.1) cvn /Title (Mysubsec-dvi)
+ /OUT pdfmark}
+\fi
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp>-pdf</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>-dvi</samp>&rsquo; suffixes in the strings above in the
+outline entries are just to make it clear which branch is being
+executed, for purposes of this example. Ordinarily the entries would
+be the same in both branches.
+</p>
+<p>Also, the strings above are literal PostScript constants, again for
+this example. Usually they would come from control sequences, e.g.,
+as the table of contents is read.
+</p>
+<span id="index-pdfescapestring-pdfTeX-primitive"></span>
+<p>It is necessary to &quot;pdf-escape&quot; such arbitrary strings, else
+backslashes, parentheses, etc., would not come out right. pdfTeX&rsquo;s
+<code>\pdfescapestring</code> primitive is an easy way to do this, e.g.,
+<code>\xdef#1{\pdfescapestring{#1}}</code>.
+</p>
+<p>Here is the document text, constructing three pages with the section
+and subsection given above in the outlines.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">First page.\vfil\eject
+
+\hldest{}{}{sec1}%
+1. Mysec on second page.\vfil\eject
+
+\hldest{}{}{sec1.1}%
+1.1. Mysubsec on third page.
+
+\end
+</pre></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Arrow-theoretic-diagrams"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Programming definitions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Hyperlinks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hyperlinks</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Arrow-theoretic-diagrams-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">6 Arrow theoretic diagrams</h2>
+
+<p>This chapter describes definitions for producing commutative diagrams.
+</p>
+<p>Steven Smith wrote this documentation (and the macros).
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors" accesskey="1">Slanted lines and vectors</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Commutative-diagrams" accesskey="2">Commutative diagrams</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Slanted-lines-and-vectors"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Commutative-diagrams" accesskey="n" rel="next">Commutative diagrams</a>, Up: <a href="#Arrow-theoretic-diagrams" accesskey="u" rel="up">Arrow theoretic diagrams</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Slanted-lines-and-vectors-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.1 Slanted lines and vectors</h3>
+
+<p>The macros <code>\drawline</code>
+<span id="index-drawline"></span>
+and <code>\drawvector</code>
+<span id="index-drawvector"></span>
+provide the capability found in LaTeX&rsquo;s
+<span id="index-LaTeX-3"></span>
+<span id="index-picture-mode-1"></span>
+picture mode to draw slanted lines and vectors of certain directions.
+Both of these macros take three arguments: two integer arguments to
+specify the direction of the line or vector, and one argument to specify
+its length. For example, &lsquo;<samp>\drawvector(-4,1){60pt}</samp>&rsquo; produces the
+vector
+<span id="index-lines"></span>
+<span id="index-vectors"></span>
+which lies in the 2d quadrant, has a slope of minus 1/4, and a width of
+60 pt.
+</p>
+<p>Note that if an <code>\hbox</code> is placed around <code>\drawline</code> or
+<code>\drawvector</code>, then the width of the <code>\hbox</code> will be the
+positive dimension specified in the third argument, except when a
+vertical line or vector is specified, e.g.,
+<code>\drawline(0,1){1in}</code>, which has zero width. If the specified
+direction lies in the 1st or 2d quadrant (e.g., <code>(1,1)</code> or
+<code>(-2,3)</code>), then the <code>\hbox</code> will have positive height and zero
+depth. Conversely, if the specified direction lies in the 3d or 4th
+quadrant (e.g., <code>(-1,-1)</code> or <code>(2,-3)</code>), then the <code>\hbox</code>
+will have positive depth and zero height.
+</p>
+<p>There are a finite number of directions that can be specified. For
+<code>\drawline</code>, the absolute value of each integer defining the
+direction must be less than or equal to six, i.e., <code>(7,-1)</code> is
+incorrect, but <code>(6,-1)</code> is acceptable. For <code>\drawvector</code>, the
+absolute value of each integer must be less than or equal to four.
+Furthermore, the two integers cannot have common divisors; therefore, if
+a line with slope 2 is desired, say <code>(2,1)</code> instead of
+<code>(4,2)</code>. Also, specify <code>(1,0)</code> instead of, say, <code>(3,0)</code>
+for horizontal lines and likewise for vertical lines.
+</p>
+<p>Finally, these macros depend upon the LaTeX font <code>line10</code>. If
+your site doesn&rsquo;t have this font, ask your system administrator to get
+it. Future enhancements will include macros to draw dotted lines and
+dotted vectors of various directions.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Commutative-diagrams"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Slanted lines and vectors</a>, Up: <a href="#Arrow-theoretic-diagrams" accesskey="u" rel="up">Arrow theoretic diagrams</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Commutative-diagrams-1"></span><h3 class="section">6.2 Commutative diagrams</h3>
+
+<span id="index-commutative-diagrams"></span>
+
+<p>The primitive commands <code>\drawline</code> and <code>\drawvector</code> can be
+used to typeset arrow theoretic diagrams. This section describes (1)
+macros to facilitate typesetting arrows and morphisms, and (2) macros to
+facilitate the construction of commutative diagrams. All macros
+described in this section must be used in math mode.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms" accesskey="1">Arrows and morphisms</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams" accesskey="2">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters" accesskey="3">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Arrows-and-morphisms"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams" accesskey="n" rel="next">Construction of commutative diagrams</a>, Up: <a href="#Commutative-diagrams" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commutative diagrams</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Arrows-and-morphisms-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.2.1 Arrows and morphisms</h4>
+<span id="index-arrows"></span>
+<span id="index-morphisms"></span>
+
+<p>The macros <code>\mapright</code> and <code>\mapleft</code> produce right and left
+<span id="index-mapright"></span>
+<span id="index-mapleft"></span>
+pointing arrows, respectively. Use superscript (<code>^</code>) to place a
+morphism above the arrow, e.g., &lsquo;<samp>\mapright^\alpha</samp>&rsquo;; use subscript
+(<code>_</code>) to place a morphism below the arrow, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp>\mapright_{\tilde l}</samp>&rsquo;. Superscripts and subscripts may be used
+simultaneously, e.g., &lsquo;<samp>\mapright^\pi_{\rm epimor.}</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>Similarly, the macros <code>\mapup</code> and <code>\mapdown</code> produce up and
+<span id="index-mapup"></span>
+<span id="index-mapdown"></span>
+down pointing arrows, respectively. Use <code>\rt</code>
+<span id="index-rt"></span>
+to place a morphism to the right of the arrow, e.g., &lsquo;<samp>\mapup\rt{\rm
+id}</samp>&rsquo;; use <code>\lft</code>
+<span id="index-lft"></span>
+to place a morphism to the left of the arrow, e.g., &lsquo;<samp>\mapup\lft\omega</samp>&rsquo;.
+<code>\lft</code> and <code>\rt</code> may be used simultaneously, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp>\mapdown\lft\pi\rt{\rm monomor.}</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>Slanted arrows are produced by the macro <code>\arrow</code>, which takes
+<span id="index-arrow"></span>
+a direction argument (e.g., &lsquo;<samp>\arrow(3,-4)</samp>&rsquo;). Use <code>\rt</code> and
+<code>\lft</code> to place morphisms to the right and left, respectively, of
+the arrow. A slanted line (no arrowhead) is produced with the macro
+<code>\sline</code>,
+<span id="index-sline"></span>
+whose syntax is identical to that of <code>\arrow</code>.
+</p>
+<p>The length of these macros is predefined by the default TeX
+dimensions <code>\harrowlength</code>,
+<span id="index-harrowlength"></span>
+for horizontal arrows (or lines),
+<code>\varrowlength</code>,
+<span id="index-varrowlength"></span>
+for vertical arrows (or lines), and
+<code>\sarrowlength</code>,
+<span id="index-sarrowlength"></span>
+for slanted arrows (or lines). To change any of these dimensions, say,
+e.g., &lsquo;<samp>\harrowlength=40pt</samp>&rsquo;. As with all other TeX dimensions,
+the change may be as global or as local as you like. Furthermore, the
+placement of morphisms on the arrows is controlled by the dimensions
+<code>\hmorphposn</code>,
+<span id="index-hmorphposn"></span>
+<code>\vmorphposn</code>,
+<span id="index-vmorphposn"></span>
+and <code>\morphdist</code>.
+<span id="index-morphdist"></span>
+The first two dimensions control the horizontal and vertical position of
+the morphism from its default position; the latter dimension controls
+the distance of the morphism from the arrow. If you have more than one
+morphism per arrow (i.e., a <code>^</code>/<code>_</code> or <code>\lft</code>/<code>\rt</code>
+construction), use the parameters
+<code>\hmorphposnup</code>,
+<span id="index-hmorphposnup"></span>
+<code>\hmorphposndn</code>,
+<span id="index-hmorphposndn"></span>
+<code>\vmorphposnup</code>,
+<span id="index-vmorphposnup"></span>
+<code>\vmorphposndn</code>,
+<span id="index-vmorphposndn"></span>
+<code>\hmorphposnrt</code>,
+<span id="index-hmorphposnrt"></span>
+<code>\hmorphposnlft</code>,
+<span id="index-hmorphposnlft"></span>
+<code>\vmorphposnrt</code>,
+<span id="index-vmorphposnrt"></span>
+and <code>\vmorphposnlft</code>.
+<span id="index-vmorphposnlft"></span>
+The default values of all these dimensions are provided in the section
+on parameters that follows below.
+</p>
+<p>There is a family of macros to produce horizontal lines, arrows, and
+adjoint arrows. The following macros produce horizontal maps and have
+the same syntax as <code>\mapright</code>:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\mapright</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-mapright-1"></span>
+<p><code>$X\mapright Y$</code>
+= (a right arrow).
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\mapleft</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-mapleft-1"></span>
+<p><code>$X\mapleft Y$</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\hline</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hline"></span>
+<p><code>$X\hline Y$</code>
+</p>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bimapright</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bimapright"></span>
+<p><code>$X\bimapright Y$</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bimapleft</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bimapleft"></span>
+<p><code>$X\bimapleft Y$</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\adjmapright</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-adjmapright"></span>
+<p><code>$X\adjmapright Y$</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\adjmapleft</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-adjmapleft"></span>
+<p><code>$X\adjmapleft Y$</code>
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bihline</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bihline"></span>
+<p><code>$X\bihline Y$</code>
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>There is also a family of macros to produce vertical lines, arrows, and
+adjoint arrows. The following macros produce vertical maps and have
+the same syntax as <code>\mapdown</code>:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\mapdown</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-mapdown-1"></span>
+<p>(a down arrow)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\mapup</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-mapup-1"></span>
+<p>(an up arrow)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\vline</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-vline"></span>
+<p>(vertical line)
+</p>
+
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bimapdown</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bimapdown"></span>
+<p>(two down arrows)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bimapup</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bimapup"></span>
+<p>(two up arrows)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\adjmapdown</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-adjmapdown"></span>
+<p>(two adjoint arrows; down then up)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\adjmapup</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-adjmapup"></span>
+<p>(two adjoint arrows; up then down)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bivline</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bivline"></span>
+<p>(two vertical lines)
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>Finally, there is a family of macros to produce slanted lines, arrows,
+and adjoint arrows. The following macros produce slanted maps and have
+the same syntax as <code>\arrow</code>:
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\arrow</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-arrow-1"></span>
+<p>(a slanted arrow)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\sline</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-sline-1"></span>
+<p>(a slanted line)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\biarrow</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-biarrow"></span>
+<p>(two straight arrows)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\adjarrow</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-adjarrow"></span>
+<p>(two adjoint arrows)
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\bisline</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-bisline"></span>
+<p>(two straight lines)
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The width between double arrows is controlled by the parameter
+<code>\channelwidth</code>.
+<span id="index-channelwidth"></span>
+The parameters <code>\hchannel</code> and <code>\vchannel</code>, if nonzero,
+override <code>\channelwidth</code> by controlling the horizontal and vertical
+shifting from the first arrow to the second.
+</p>
+<p>There are no adornments on these arrows to distinguish inclusions from
+epimorphisms from monomorphisms. Many texts, such as Lang&rsquo;s book
+<cite>Algebra</cite>, use as a tasteful alternative the symbol &lsquo;inc&rsquo; (in roman) next
+to an arrow to denote inclusion.
+<span id="index-Lang_002c-Serge"></span>
+</p>
+<p>Future enhancements will include a mechanism to draw curved arrows
+found in, e.g., the Snake Lemma, by employing a version of the
+<code>\path</code> macros of Appendix D of <cite>The TeXbook</cite>.
+<span id="index-Snake-Lemma"></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Construction-of-commutative-diagrams"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Commutative diagram parameters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Arrows and morphisms</a>, Up: <a href="#Commutative-diagrams" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commutative diagrams</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Construction-of-commutative-diagrams-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.2.2 Construction of commutative diagrams</h4>
+
+<p>There are two approaches to the construction of commutative diagrams
+described here. The first approach, and the simplest, treats
+commutative diagrams like fancy matrices, as Knuth does in Exercise
+18.46 of <cite>The TeXbook</cite>. This case is covered by the macro
+<code>\commdiag</code>,
+<span id="index-commdiag"></span>
+which is an altered version of the Plain TeX macro <code>\matrix</code>.
+<span id="index-matrix"></span>
+An example suffices to demonstrate this macro. The following
+commutative diagram (illustrating the covering homotopy property; Bott
+and Tu, <cite>Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology</cite>)
+<span id="index-Bott_002c-Raoul"></span>
+<span id="index-Tu_002c-Loring-W_002e"></span>
+<span id="index-covering-homotopy-property"></span>
+is produced with the code
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$$\commdiag{Y&amp;\mapright^f&amp;E\cr \mapdown&amp;\arrow(3,2)\lft{f_t}&amp;\mapdown\cr
+Y\times I&amp;\mapright^{\bar f_t}&amp;X}$$
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Of course, the parameters may be changed to produce a different effect.
+The following commutative diagram (illustrating the universal mapping
+property; Warner, <cite>Foundations of Differentiable Manifolds and Lie
+Groups</cite>)
+<span id="index-Warner_002c-Frank-W_002e"></span>
+<span id="index-universal-mapping-property"></span>
+is produced with the code
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$$\varrowlength=20pt
+\commdiag{V\otimes W\cr \mapup\lft\phi&amp;\arrow(3,-1)\rt{\tilde l}\cr
+V\times W&amp;\mapright^l&amp;U\cr}$$
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>A diagram containing isosceles triangles is achieved by placing the apex
+of the triangle in the center column, as shown in the example
+(illustrating all constant minimal realizations of a linear system;
+Brockett, <cite>Finite Dimensional Linear Systems</cite>)
+<span id="index-Brockett_002c-Roger-W_002e"></span>
+<span id="index-minimal-realizations"></span>
+<span id="index-linear-systems-theory"></span>
+which is produced with the code
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$$\sarrowlength=.42\harrowlength
+\commdiag{&amp;R^m\cr &amp;\arrow(-1,-1)\lft{\bf B}\quad \arrow(1,-1)\rt{\bf G}\cr
+R^n&amp;\mapright^{\bf P}&amp;R^n\cr
+\mapdown\lft{e^{{\bf A}t}}&amp;&amp;\mapdown\rt{e^{{\bf F}t}}\cr
+R^n&amp;\mapright^{\bf P}&amp;R^n\cr
+&amp;\arrow(1,-1)\lft{\bf C}\quad \arrow(-1,-1)\rt{\bf H}\cr
+&amp;R^q\cr}$$
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Other commutative diagram examples appear in the file
+<code>commdiags.tex</code>, which is distributed with this package.
+</p>
+<p>In these examples the arrow lengths and line slopes were carefully
+chosen to blend with each other. In the first example, the default
+settings for the arrow lengths are used, but a direction for the arrow
+must be chosen. The ratio of the default horizontal and vertical arrow
+lengths is approximately the golden mean
+<span id="index-golden-mean"></span>
+<span id="index-golden-mean-1"></span>
+the arrow direction closest to this mean is <code>(3,2)</code>. In the second
+example, a slope of
+is desired and the default horizontal arrow length is 60 pt; therefore,
+choose a vertical arrow length of 20 pt. You may affect the interline
+glue settings of <code>\commdiag</code> by redefining the macro
+<code>\commdiagbaselines</code>.
+<span id="index-commdiagbaselines"></span>
+(cf. Exercise 18.46 of <cite>The TeXbook</cite> and the section on
+parameters below.)
+</p>
+<p>The width, height, and depth of all morphisms are hidden so that the
+morphisms&rsquo; size do not affect arrow positions. This can cause a large
+morphism at the top or bottom of a diagram to impinge upon the text
+surrounding the diagram. To overcome this problem, use TeX&rsquo;s
+<code>\noalign</code> primitive to insert a <code>\vskip</code> immediately above or
+below the offending line, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp>$$\commdiag{\noalign{\vskip6pt}X&amp;\mapright^\int&amp;Y\cr ...}</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<p>The macro <code>\commdiag</code> is too simple to be used for more complicated
+diagrams, which may have intersecting or overlapping arrows. A second
+approach, borrowed from Francis Borceux&rsquo;s <cite>Diagram</cite> macros for
+LaTeX, treats the commutative diagram like a grid of identically
+shaped boxes. To compose the commutative diagram, first draw an equally
+spaced grid, e.g.,
+<span id="index-grid"></span>
+<span id="index-Borceux_002c-Francis"></span>
+<span id="index-Diagram_002c-macros-for-LaTeX"></span>
+on a piece of scratch paper. Then draw each element (vertices and
+arrows) of the commutative diagram on this grid, centered at each
+grid point. Finally, use the macro <code>\gridcommdiag</code>
+<span id="index-gridcommdiag"></span>
+to implement your design as a TeX alignment. For example, the cubic
+diagram
+<span id="index-cube"></span>
+that appears in Francis Borceux&rsquo;s documentation can be implemented on
+a 7 by 7 grid, and is achieved with the code
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$$\harrowlength=48pt \varrowlength=48pt \sarrowlength=20pt
+\def\cross#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1$}%
+ \hbox to\wd0{\hss\hbox{$#2$}\hss}\llap{\unhbox0}}
+\gridcommdiag{&amp;&amp;B&amp;&amp;\mapright^b&amp;&amp;D\cr
+&amp;\arrow(1,1)\lft a&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\arrow(1,1)\lft d\cr
+A&amp;&amp;\cross{\hmorphposn=12pt\mapright^c}{\vmorphposn=-12pt\mapdown\lft f}
+&amp;&amp;C&amp;&amp;\mapdown\rt h\cr\cr
+\mapdown\lft e&amp;&amp;F&amp;&amp;\cross{\hmorphposn=-12pt\mapright_j}
+{\vmorphposn=12pt\mapdown\rt g}&amp;&amp;H\cr
+&amp;\arrow(1,1)\lft i&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\arrow(1,1)\rt l\cr
+E&amp;&amp;\mapright_k&amp;&amp;G\cr}$$
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The dimensions <code>\hgrid</code> and <code>\vgrid</code>
+<span id="index-hgrid"></span>
+<span id="index-vgrid"></span>
+control the horizontal and vertical spacing of the grid used by
+<code>\gridcommdiag</code>. The default setting for both of these dimensions
+is 15 pt. Note that in the example of the cube the arrow lengths must
+be adjusted so that the arrows overlap into neighboring boxes by the
+desired amount. Hence, the <code>\gridcommdiag</code> method, albeit more
+powerful, is less automatic than the simpler <code>\commdiag</code> method.
+Furthermore, the ad hoc macro <code>\cross</code> is introduced to allow the
+effect of overlapping arrows. Finally, note that the positions of four
+of the morphisms are adjusted by setting <code>\hmorphposn</code> and
+<code>\vmorphposn</code>.
+</p>
+<p>One is not restricted to a square grid. For example, the proof of
+Zassenhaus&rsquo;s Butterfly Lemma can be illustrated by the diagram (appearing
+in Lang&rsquo;s book <cite>Algebra</cite>)
+<span id="index-Zassenhaus_002c-Hans"></span>
+<span id="index-Lang_002c-Serge-1"></span>
+<span id="index-Butterfly-Lemma"></span>
+This diagram may be implemented on a 9 by 12 grid with an aspect ratio
+of 1/2, and is set with the code
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">$$\hgrid=16pt \vgrid=8pt \sarrowlength=32pt
+\def\cross#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1$}%
+ \hbox to\wd0{\hss\hbox{$#2$}\hss}\llap{\unhbox0}}
+\def\l#1{\llap{$#1$\hskip.5em}}
+\def\r#1{\rlap{\hskip.5em$#1$}}
+\gridcommdiag{&amp;&amp;U&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;V\cr &amp;&amp;\bullet&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\bullet\cr
+&amp;&amp;\sarrowlength=16pt\sline(0,1)&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\sarrowlength=16pt\sline(0,1)\cr
+&amp;&amp;\l{u(U\cap V)}\bullet&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\bullet\r{(U\cap V)v}\cr
+&amp;&amp;&amp;\sline(2,-1)&amp;&amp;\sline(2,1)\cr
+&amp;&amp;\cross{=}{\sline(0,1)}&amp;&amp;\bullet&amp;&amp;\cross{=}{\sline(0,1)}\cr\cr
+&amp;&amp;\l{^{\textstyle u(U\cap v)}}\bullet&amp;&amp;\cross{=}{\sline(0,1)}&amp;&amp;
+ \bullet\r{^{\textstyle(u\cap V)v}}\cr
+&amp;\sline(2,1)&amp;&amp;\sline(2,-1)&amp;&amp;\sline(2,1)&amp;&amp;\sline(2,-1)\cr
+\l{u}\bullet&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\bullet&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\bullet\r{v}\cr
+&amp;\sline(2,-1)&amp;&amp;\sline(2,1)&amp;&amp;\sline(2,-1)&amp;&amp;\sline(2,1)\cr
+&amp;&amp;\bullet&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\bullet\cr &amp;&amp;u\cap V&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;U\cap v\cr}$$
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Again, the construction of this diagram requires careful choices for the
+arrow lengths and is facilitated by the introduction of the ad hoc
+macros <code>\cross</code>, <code>\r</code>, and <code>\l</code>. Note also that
+superscripts were used to adjust the position of the vertices
+Many diagrams may be typeset with the predefined macros that appear
+here; however, ingenuity is often required to handle special cases.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Commutative-diagram-parameters"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Construction of commutative diagrams</a>, Up: <a href="#Commutative-diagrams" accesskey="u" rel="up">Commutative diagrams</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Commutative-diagram-parameters-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.2.3 Commutative diagram parameters</h4>
+
+<p>The following is a list describing the parameters used in the
+commutative diagram macros. These dimensions may be changed globally or
+locally.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt><code>\harrowlength</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-harrowlength-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: 60 pt) The length of right or left arrows.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\varrowlength</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-varrowlength-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: 0.618<code>\harrowlength</code>) The length of up or down
+arrows.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\sarrowlength</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-sarrowlength-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: 60 pt) The horizontal length of slanted arrows.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\hmorphposn</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hmorphposn-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: 0 pt) The horizontal position of the morphism with
+respect to its default position. There are also the dimensions
+<code>\hmorphposnup</code>,
+<span id="index-hmorphposnup-1"></span>
+<code>\hmorphposndn</code>,
+<span id="index-hmorphposndn-1"></span>
+<code>\hmorphposnrt</code>,
+<span id="index-hmorphposnrt-1"></span>
+and <code>\hmorphposnlft</code>
+<span id="index-hmorphposnlft-1"></span>
+for <code>^</code>/<code>_</code> or <code>\lft</code>/<code>\rt</code> constructions.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\vmorphposn</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-vmorphposn-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: 0 pt) The vertical position of the morphism with
+respect to its default position. There are also the dimensions
+<code>\vmorphposnup</code>,
+<span id="index-vmorphposnup-1"></span>
+<code>\vmorphposndn</code>,
+<span id="index-vmorphposndn-1"></span>
+<code>\vmorphposnrt</code>,
+<span id="index-vmorphposnrt-1"></span>
+and <code>\vmorphposnlft</code>
+<span id="index-vmorphposnlft-1"></span>
+for <code>^</code>/<code>_</code> or <code>\lft</code>/<code>\rt</code> constructions.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\morphdist</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-morphdist-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: 4 pt) The distance of morphisms from slanted lines
+or arrows.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\channelwidth</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-channelwidth-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: 3 pt) The distance between double lines or arrows.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\hchannel, \vchannel</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hchannel"></span>
+<span id="index-vchannel"></span>
+<p>(Defaults: 0 pt) Overrides <code>\channelwidth</code>. The
+horizontal and vertical shifts between double lines or arrows.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\commdiagbaselines</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-commdiagbaselines-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: <code>\baselineskip=15pt
+\lineskip=3pt
+\lineskiplimit=3pt </code>)
+The parameters used by <code>\commdiag</code> for setting interline glue.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\hgrid</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hgrid-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: 15 pt) The horizontal spacing of the grid used by
+<code>\gridcommdiag</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\vgrid</code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-vgrid-1"></span>
+<p>(Default: 15 pt) The vertical spacing of the grid used by
+<code>\gridcommdiag</code>.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Programming-definitions"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Demo-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Demo files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Arrow-theoretic-diagrams" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Arrow theoretic diagrams</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Programming-definitions-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">7 Programming definitions</h2>
+
+<p>The definitions in this section are only likely to be useful when you
+are writing nontrivial macros, not when writing a document.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Category-codes" accesskey="1">Category codes</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Changing category codes.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Allocation-macros" accesskey="2">Allocation macros</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Non-outer versions of \newcount et al.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Iteration" accesskey="3">Iteration</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Doing &lsquo;for&rsquo; and &lsquo;while&rsquo; loops in TeX.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Macro-arguments" accesskey="4">Macro arguments</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Reading and ignoring them.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Converting-to-characters" accesskey="5">Converting to characters</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Normalizing control sequences and spaces.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="6">Expansion</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling expansion.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Obeying-spaces" accesskey="7">Obeying spaces</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making whitespace count anywhere.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Writing-out-numbers" accesskey="8">Writing out numbers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Making &lsquo;1&rsquo; into &lsquo;one&rsquo;.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Mode_002dspecific-penalties" accesskey="9">Mode-specific penalties</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Auxiliary-files">Auxiliary files</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Testing for their existence.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#User_002ddefined-environments">User-defined environments</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">User-defined environments.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Category-codes"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Allocation-macros" accesskey="n" rel="next">Allocation macros</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Category-codes-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.1 Category codes</h3>
+
+<span id="index-category-codes"></span>
+
+<p>Plain TeX defines <code>\active</code> (as the number 13) for use in
+changing category codes. Although the author of <cite>The TeXbook</cite>
+<span id="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-Ervin-1"></span>
+has &ldquo;intentionally kept the category codes numeric&rdquo;, two other
+categories are commonly used: letters (category code 11) and others
+(12). Therefore, Eplain defines <code>\letter</code> and
+<code>\other</code>.
+<span id="index-letter"></span>
+<span id="index-other"></span>
+</p>
+<p>Sometimes it is cleaner to make a character active without actually
+<span id="index-active-characters"></span>
+writing a <code>\catcode</code> command. The <code>\makeactive</code> command takes
+<span id="index-catcode"></span>
+<span id="index-makeactive"></span>
+a character as an argument to make active (and ignores following
+spaces). For example, here are two commands which both make <kbd>\</kbd>
+active:
+<span id="index-backslash-character"></span>
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makeactive\\ \makeactive92
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-user_002dinaccessible-macros"></span>
+<span id="index-inaccessible-macros"></span>
+<p>Sometimes you might want to temporarily change the category code of
+the &lsquo;@&rsquo; character to <code>\letter</code>, so that you can use or define
+macros which are normally inaccessible to the user. For such
+situations, Eplain provides the <code>\makeatletter</code>
+<span id="index-makeatletter"></span>
+command. It sets the category code of &lsquo;@&rsquo; to <code>\letter</code> (11) and
+defines
+<code>\resetatcatcode</code>
+<span id="index-resetatcatcode-1"></span>
+to restore the category code to whatever it was before the call to
+<code>\makeatletter</code>. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makeatletter
+\def\@hidden@macro{This macro cannot normally be
+ called / redefined by the user}
+\resetatcatcode
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>There is also <code>\makeatother</code>
+<span id="index-makeatother"></span>
+which works similarly but sets the category code of &lsquo;@&rsquo; to
+<code>\other</code> (12).
+</p>
+<p>Usually, when you give a definition to an active character, you have
+to do so inside a group where you temporarily make the character active,
+and then give it a global definition (cf. the definition of
+<code>\obeyspaces</code> in <cite>The TeXbook</cite>).
+<span id="index-definitions_002c-global"></span>
+This is inconvenient if you are writing a long macro, or if the
+character already has a global definition you do not wish to transcend.
+Eplain provides <code>\letreturn</code>, which defines the usual end-of-line
+<span id="index-letreturn"></span>
+<span id="index-return-character"></span>
+character to be the argument. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\mymacro{&hellip; \letreturn\myreturn &hellip; }
+\mymacro hello
+there
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The end-of-line between &lsquo;<samp>hello</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>there</samp>&rsquo; causes
+<code>\myreturn</code> to be expanded.
+</p>
+<p><cite>The TeXbook</cite> describes <code>\uncatcodespecials</code>,
+<span id="index-uncatcodespecials-1"></span>
+which makes all characters which are normally &ldquo;special&rdquo; into &ldquo;other&rdquo;
+characters, but the definition never made it into plain TeX.
+Eplain therefore defines it. For notes on the usage, see <a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a>.
+</p>
+<p>Finally, <code>\percentchar</code>
+<span id="index-percentchar"></span>
+expands into a literal &lsquo;%&rsquo; character. This is useful when you
+<code>\write</code> TeX output to a file, and want to avoid spurious
+spaces. For example, Eplain writes a <code>\percentchar</code> after the
+definition of cross-references. The macros <code>\lbracechar</code>
+<span id="index-lbracechar"></span>
+and <code>\rbracechar</code>
+<span id="index-rbracechar"></span>
+expand similarly.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Allocation-macros"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Iteration" accesskey="n" rel="next">Iteration</a>, Previous: <a href="#Category-codes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Category codes</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Allocation-macros-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.2 Allocation macros</h3>
+
+<span id="index-allocation-macros"></span>
+<span id="index-register-allocation"></span>
+
+<p>Plain TeX provides macros that allocate registers of each primitive
+type in TeX, to prevent different sets of macros from using the same
+register for two different things. The macros are all named starting
+with &lsquo;<samp>new</samp>&rsquo;,
+<span id="index-new_2026"></span>
+e.g., <code>\newcount</code> allocates a new &ldquo;count&rdquo;
+(integer) register. Such allocations are usually needed only at the top
+level of some macro definition file; therefore, plain TeX makes the
+allocation registers <code>\outer</code>,
+<span id="index-outer"></span>
+to help find errors. (The error this helps to find is a missing right
+brace in some macro definition.)
+</p>
+<p>Sometimes, however, it is useful to allocate a register as part of
+some macro. An outer control sequence cannot be used as part of a macro
+definition (or in a few other contexts: the parameter text of a
+definition, an argument to a definition, the preamble of an alignment,
+or in conditional text that is being skipped). Therefore, Eplain
+defines &ldquo;inner&rdquo; versions of all the allocation macros, named with the
+prefix &lsquo;<samp>inner</samp>&rsquo;:
+<code>\innernewbox</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewbox"></span>
+<code>\innernewcount</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewcount"></span>
+<code>\innernewdimen</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewdimen"></span>
+<code>\innernewfam</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewfam"></span>
+<code>\innernewhelp</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewhelp"></span>
+<code>\innernewif</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewif"></span>
+<code>\innernewinsert</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewinsert"></span>
+<code>\innernewlanguage</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewlanguage"></span>
+<code>\innernewread</code>,<br>
+<span id="index-innernewread"></span>
+<code>\innernewskip</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewskip"></span>
+<code>\innernewtoks</code>,
+<span id="index-innernewtoks"></span>
+<code>\innernewwrite</code>.
+<span id="index-innernewwrite"></span>
+</p>
+<p>You can also define non-outer versions of other macros in the same way
+that Eplain defines the above. The basic macro is called
+<code>\innerdef</code>:
+<span id="index-innerdef"></span>
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\innerdef <var>\innername</var> {<var>outername</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The first argument (<var>\innername</var>) to <code>\innerdef</code> is the
+control sequence that you want to define. Any previous definition of
+<var>\innername</var> is replaced. The second argument
+(<var>outername</var>) is the <em>characters</em> in the name of the outer
+control sequence. (You can&rsquo;t use the actual control sequence name,
+since it&rsquo;s outer!)
+</p>
+<p>If the outer control sequence is named <var>\cs</var>, and you want to
+define <code>inner<var>cs</var></code> as the inner one, you can use
+<code>\innerinnerdef</code>,
+<span id="index-innerinnerdef"></span>
+which is just an abbreviation for a call to <code>\innerdef</code>. For
+example, these two calls are equivalent:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\innerdef\innerproclaim{proclaim}
+\innerinnerdef{proclaim}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Iteration"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Macro-arguments" accesskey="n" rel="next">Macro arguments</a>, Previous: <a href="#Allocation-macros" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Allocation macros</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Iteration-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.3 Iteration</h3>
+
+<span id="index-iteration"></span>
+<span id="index-loops"></span>
+<span id="index-for-loops"></span>
+<span id="index-while-loops"></span>
+<span id="index-do_2026while-loops"></span>
+
+<p>You can iterate through a comma-separated list of items with
+<code>\for</code>.
+<span id="index-for"></span>
+Here is an example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\for\name:=karl,kathy\do{%
+ \message{\name}%
+}%
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>This writes &lsquo;<samp>karl</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>kathy</samp>&rsquo; to the terminal. Spaces
+before or after the commas in the list, or after the <code>:=</code>, are
+<em>not</em> ignored. To strip leading spaces off the items, use
+<code>\For</code>:
+<span id="index-For"></span>
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\For\name:=
+ karl,
+ kathy\do{%
+ \message{\name}%
+ }%
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Note that trailing spaces are still <em>not</em> ignored.
+</p>
+<p>Both <code>\for</code> and <code>\For</code> expand the first token of the item
+list fully, so this is equivalent to the above:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\namelist{karl,kathy}%
+\for\name:=\namelist\do &hellip;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>However, this won&rsquo;t work, either with <code>\for</code> or with
+<code>\For</code>:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\namelist{karl,kathy}%
+\For\name:= \namelist\do &hellip;
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>because <code>\for</code> and <code>\For</code> expand the first
+token after <code>:=</code> which is space, not <code>\namelist</code>.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain provides another kind of loops, which is an extension of plain
+TeX&rsquo;s
+<span id="index-loop"></span>
+<code>\loop</code>. If you say:
+</p>
+<span id="index-repeat"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\loop
+ <var>loop-text</var>
+\if <var>condition</var>
+ <var>if-text</var>
+\repeat
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>then <var>loop-text</var> will be repeated as long as <var>condition</var>
+is satisfied (<code>\if</code> can be any of the TeX&rsquo;s conditional
+commands, without the matching <code>\fi</code>). Eplain extends this with
+the optional else clause:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\loop
+ <var>loop-text</var>
+\if <var>condition</var>
+ <var>if-text</var>
+\else
+ <var>else-text</var>
+\repeat
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Here, <var>loop-text</var> will be repeated as long as
+<var>condition</var> is <em>not</em> satisfied. This extension is from
+<span id="index-Eijkhout_002c-Victor"></span>
+Victor Eijkhout&rsquo;s
+<span id="index-TeX-by-Topic"></span>
+<i>TeX by Topic</i> (page&nbsp;104).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Macro-arguments"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Converting-to-characters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Converting to characters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Iteration" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Iteration</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Macro-arguments-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.4 Macro arguments</h3>
+
+<span id="index-arguments_002c-ignoring"></span>
+<span id="index-ignoring-arguments"></span>
+<span id="index-gobbling-arguments"></span>
+<p>It is occasionally useful to redefine a macro that takes arguments to
+do nothing. Eplain defines <code>\gobble</code>,
+<span id="index-gobble"></span>
+<code>\gobbletwo</code>,
+<span id="index-gobbletwo"></span>
+and <code>\gobblethree</code> to swallow one, two, and three arguments,
+respectively.
+</p>
+<p>For example, if you want to produce a &ldquo;short&rdquo; table of
+<span id="index-table-of-contents_002c-short-1"></span>
+contents&mdash;one that includes only chapters, say&mdash;the easiest thing to
+do is read the entire <code>.toc</code> file (see <a href="#Contents">Contents</a>), and just
+ignore the commands that produce section or subsection entries. To be
+specific:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\let\tocchapterentry = \shorttocchapter
+\let\tocsectionentry = \gobbletwo
+\let\tocsubsectionentry = \gobbletwo
+\readtocfile
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>(Of course, this assumes you only have chapters, sections, and
+subsections in your document.)
+</p>
+<p>In addition, Eplain defines <code>\eattoken</code>
+<span id="index-eattoken"></span>
+to swallow the single following token, using <code>\let</code>. Thus,
+<code>\gobble</code> followed by &lsquo;<samp>{&hellip;}</samp>&rsquo; ignores the entire
+brace-enclosed text. <code>\eattoken</code> followed by the same ignores only
+the opening left brace.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain defines a macro <code>\identity</code>
+<span id="index-identity"></span>
+which takes one argument and expands to that argument. This may be
+useful if you want to provide a function for the user to redefine, but
+don&rsquo;t need to do anything by default. (For example, the default
+definition of <code>\eqconstruct</code> (see <a href="#Formatting-equation-references">Formatting equation references</a>) is <code>\identity</code>.)
+</p>
+<p>You may also want to read an optional argument. The established
+convention is that optional arguments are put in square brackets, so
+that is the syntax Eplain recognizes. Eplain ignores space tokens
+before and after optional arguments, via <code>\futurenonspacelet</code>.
+</p>
+<p>You test for an optional argument by using <code>\@getoptionalarg</code>.
+<span id="index-_0040getoptionalarg"></span>
+It takes one argument, a control sequence to expand after reading the
+argument, if present. If an optional argument is present, the control
+sequence <code>\@optionalarg</code> expands to it; otherwise,
+<code>\@optionalarg</code> is <code>\empty</code>. You must therefore have the
+category code of <kbd>@</kbd> set to 11 (letter). Here is an example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\catcode`@=\letter
+\def\cmd{\@getoptionalarg\finishcmd}
+\def\finishcmd{%
+ \ifx\@optionalarg\empty
+ % <span class="roman">No optional argument present.</span>
+ \else
+ % <span class="roman">One was present.</span>
+ \fi
+}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>It&rsquo;s possible to define macros that appear to accept optional
+arguments intermixed with mandatory arguments in any imaginable way.
+For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\makeatletter
+% \mo{m}[o]
+\def\mo#1{\def\mo@arg{#1}\@getoptionalarg\fin@mo}
+\def\fin@mo{\vskip1pc
+ ARG: \mo@arg \par
+ OPTARG: \@optionalarg \par
+}
+% \mom{m}[o]{m}
+\def\mom#1{\def\mom@arg{#1}\@getoptionalarg\fin@mom}
+\def\fin@mom#1{\vskip1pc
+ ARG1: \mom@arg \par
+ OPTARG: \@optionalarg \par
+ ARG2: #1\par
+}
+% \omo[o]{m}[o]
+\def\omo{\@getoptionalarg\fin@omo}
+\def\fin@omo#1{\let\omo@optarg\@optionalarg
+ \def\omo@arg{#1}\@getoptionalarg\@fin@omo}
+\def\@fin@omo{\vskip1pc
+ OPTARG1: \omo@optarg \par
+ ARG: \omo@arg \par
+ OPTARG2: \@optionalarg \par
+}
+\makeatother
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If an optional argument contains another optional argument, the inner
+one will need to be enclosed in braces, so TeX does not mistake the
+end of the first for the end of the second.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Converting-to-characters"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="n" rel="next">Expansion</a>, Previous: <a href="#Macro-arguments" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Macro arguments</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Converting-to-characters-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.5 Converting to characters</h3>
+
+<span id="index-characters_002c-converting-to"></span>
+<p>Eplain defines <code>\xrlabel</code>
+<span id="index-xrlabel"></span>
+to produce control sequence names for cross-reference labels, et al.
+This macro expands to its argument with an &lsquo;<samp>_</samp>&rsquo; appended. (It does
+this because the usual use of <code>\xrlabel</code> is to generate a control
+sequence name, and we naturally want to avoid conflicts between control
+sequence names.)
+</p>
+<p>Because <code>\xrlabel</code> is fully expandable, to make a control
+sequence name out of the result you need only do
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example"><code>\csname \xrlabel{<var>label</var>}\endcsname</code>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The <code>\csname</code> primitive makes a control sequence name out
+of any sequence of character tokens, regardless of category code.
+Labels can therefore include any characters except for &lsquo;<samp>\</samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp>{</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>}</samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo;, all of which are used in macro
+definitions themselves.
+</p>
+<span id="index-sanitize"></span>
+<p><code>\sanitize</code> takes a control sequence as an argument and converts
+the expansion of the control sequence into a list of character tokens.
+This is the behavior you want when writing information like chapter
+titles to an output file. For example, here is part of the definition
+of <code>\writenumberedtocentry</code>; <code>#2</code> is the title that the user
+has given.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">&hellip;
+\def\temp{#2}%
+&hellip;
+ \write\tocfile{%
+ &hellip;
+ \sanitize\temp
+ &hellip;
+ }%
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Expansion"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Obeying-spaces" accesskey="n" rel="next">Obeying spaces</a>, Previous: <a href="#Converting-to-characters" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Converting to characters</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Expansion-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.6 Expansion</h3>
+
+<p>This section describes some miscellanous macros for expansion, etc.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005ccsn-and-_005cece" accesskey="1">\csn and \ece</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Abbreviations for \csname expansions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cedefappend" accesskey="2">\edefappend</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hooks" accesskey="3">Hooks</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Manipulating and executing named actions.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Properties" accesskey="4">Properties</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Associating information with a csname.
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cexpandonce" accesskey="5">\expandonce</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cifundefined" accesskey="6">\ifundefined</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cifempty" accesskey="7">\ifempty</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger" accesskey="8">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#g_t_005cfuturenonspacelet" accesskey="9">\futurenonspacelet</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="g_t_005ccsn-and-_005cece"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cedefappend" accesskey="n" rel="next">\edefappend</a>, Up: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_005ccsn-and-_005cece-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.1 <code>\csn</code> and <code>\ece</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-csn"></span>
+<p><code>\csn</code>{<var>name</var>} simply abbreviates <code>\csname</code> <var>name</var>
+<code>\endcsname</code>, thus saving some typing. The extra level of expansion
+does take some time, though, so I don&rsquo;t recommend it for an inner loop.
+</p>
+<span id="index-ece"></span>
+<p><code>\ece</code>{<var>token</var>}{<var>name</var>} abbreviates
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\expandafter <var>token</var> \csname <var>name</var> \endcsname
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>For example,
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\fontabbrevdef#1#2{\ece\def{@#1font}{#2}}
+\fontabbrevdef{normal}{ptmr}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>defines a control sequence <code>\@normalfont</code> to expand to
+<code>ptmr</code>.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="g_t_005cedefappend"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Hooks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Hooks</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccsn-and-_005cece" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\csn and \ece</a>, Up: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_005cedefappend-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.2 <code>\edefappend</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-edefappend"></span>
+<p><code>\edefappend</code> is a way of adding on to an existing definition. It
+takes two arguments: the first is the control sequence name, the second
+the new tokens to append to the definition. The second argument is
+fully expanded (in the <code>\edef</code> that redefines the control sequence).
+</p>
+<p>For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\foo{abc}
+\def\bar{xyz}
+\edefappend\foo{\bar karl}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>results in <code>\foo</code> being defined as &lsquo;<samp>abcxyzkarl</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hooks"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Properties" accesskey="n" rel="next">Properties</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cedefappend" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\edefappend</a>, Up: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hooks-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.3 Hooks</h4>
+
+<span id="index-hooks"></span>
+<p>A <em>hook</em> is simply a name for a group of actions which is executed
+in certain places&mdash;presumably when it is most useful to allow
+customization or modification. TeX already provides many builtin
+hooks; for example, the <code>\every &hellip;</code> token lists are all
+examples of hooks.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain provides several macros for adding actions to hooks. They all
+take two arguments: the name of the hook and the new actions.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dd>
+<span id="index-hookaction"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>hookaction <var>name</var> <var>actions</var></code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hookappend"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>hookappend <var>name</var> <var>actions</var></code></dt>
+<dd><span id="index-hookprepend"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>hookprepend <var>name</var> <var>actions</var></code></dt>
+<dd><p>Each of these adds <var>actions</var> to the hook <var>name</var>. (Any
+previously-defined actions are retained.) <var>name</var> is not a control
+sequence, but rather the characters of the name.
+</p>
+<span id="index-hookactiononce"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>hookactiononce <var>name</var> <code>\<var>cs</var></code></code></dt>
+<dd><p><code>\hookactiononce</code> adds <var>cs</var> to <var>name</var>, like the macros
+above, but first it adds
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\global\let <var>\cs</var> \relax
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>to the definition of <var>\cs</var>. (This implies <var>\cs</var> must
+be a true expandable macro, not a control sequence <code>\let</code> to a
+primitive or some other such thing.) Thus, <var>\cs</var> is expanded the
+next time the hook <var>name</var> is run, but it will disappear after that.
+</p>
+<p>The <code>\global</code> is useful because <code>\hookactiononce</code> is most
+useful when the grouping structure of the TeX code could be anything.
+Neither this nor the other hook macros do global assignments to the hook
+variable itself, so TeX&rsquo;s usual grouping rules apply.
+</p></dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span id="index-hookrun"></span>
+<p>The companion macro to defining hook actions is <code>\hookrun</code>, for
+running them. This takes a single argument, the name of the hook. If
+no actions for the hook are defined, no error ensues.
+</p>
+<p>Here is a skeleton of general <code>\begin</code> and <code>\end</code> macros that
+run hooks, and a couple of calls to define actions. The use of
+<code>\hookprepend</code> for the begin action and <code>\hookappend</code> for the
+end action ensures that the actions are executed in proper sequence with
+other actions (as long as the other actions use <code>\hookprepend</code> and
+<code>\hookappend</code> also).
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\begin#1{ &hellip; \hookrun{begin} &hellip; }
+\def\end#1{ &hellip; \hookrun{end} &hellip; }
+\hookprepend{begin}\start_underline
+\hookappend{end}\finish_underline
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Properties"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cexpandonce" accesskey="n" rel="next">\expandonce</a>, Previous: <a href="#Hooks" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hooks</a>, Up: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Properties-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.4 Properties</h4>
+
+<span id="index-properties"></span>
+<span id="index-atom"></span>
+<p>A <em>property</em> is a name/value pair associated with another symbol,
+traditionally called an <em>atom</em>. Both atom and property names are
+control sequence names.
+</p>
+<p>Eplain provides two macros for dealing with property lists:
+<code>\setproperty</code> and <code>\getproperty</code>.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dd>
+<span id="index-setproperty"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\setproperty <var>atom</var> <var>propname</var> <var>value</var></code></dt>
+<dd><p><code>\setproperty</code> defines the property <var>property</var> on the atom
+<var>atom</var> to be <var>value</var>. <var>atom</var> and <var>propname</var> can be
+anything acceptable to <code>\csname</code>. <var>value</var> can be anything.
+</p>
+<span id="index-getproperty"></span>
+</dd>
+<dt><code>\getproperty <var>atom</var> <var>propname</var></code></dt>
+<dd><p><code>\getproperty</code> expands to the value stored for <var>propname</var> on
+<var>atom</var>. If <var>propname</var> is undefined, it expands to nothing
+(i.e., <code>\empty</code>).
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p>The idea of properties originated in Lisp (I believe). There, the
+implementation truly does associate properties with atoms. In TeX,
+where we have no builtin support for properties, the association is only
+conceptual.
+</p>
+<p>The following example typesets &lsquo;<samp>xyz</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\setproperty{a}{pr}{xyz}
+\getproperty{a}{pr}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="g_t_005cexpandonce"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cifundefined" accesskey="n" rel="next">\ifundefined</a>, Previous: <a href="#Properties" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Properties</a>, Up: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_005cexpandonce-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.5 <code>\expandonce</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-expansion_002c-one_002dlevel"></span>
+<span id="index-expandonce"></span>
+<p><code>\expandonce</code> is defined as <code>\expandafter\noexpand</code>. Thus,
+<code>\expandonce <var>token</var></code> expands <var>token</var> once, instead of to
+TeX primitives. This is most useful in an <code>\edef</code>.
+</p>
+<p>For example, the following defines <code>\temp</code> to be <code>\foo</code>, not
+&lsquo;<samp>abc</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\foo{abc}
+\def\bar{\foo}
+\edef\temp{\expandonce\bar}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="g_t_005cifundefined"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cifempty" accesskey="n" rel="next">\ifempty</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cexpandonce" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\expandonce</a>, Up: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_005cifundefined-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.6 <code>\ifundefined</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-ifundefined"></span>
+<p><code>\ifundefined{<var>cs</var>} <var>t</var> \else <var>f</var> \fi</code> expands the
+<var>t</var> text if the control sequence <code>\<var>cs</var></code> is undefined or
+has been <code>\let</code> to <code>\relax</code>, and the <var>f</var> text otherwise.
+</p>
+<span id="index-skipping-tokens"></span>
+<span id="index-undefined-control-sequence_002c-checking-for"></span>
+<p>Since <code>\ifundefined</code> is not a primitive conditional, it cannot be
+used in places where TeX might skip tokens &ldquo;at high speed&rdquo;, e.g.,
+within another conditional&mdash;TeX can&rsquo;t match up the <code>\if</code>&rsquo;s and
+<code>\fi</code>&rsquo;s.
+</p>
+<p>This macro was taken directly from <cite>The TeXbook</cite>, page 308.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="g_t_005cifempty"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger" accesskey="n" rel="next">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cifundefined" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\ifundefined</a>, Up: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_005cifempty-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.7 <code>\ifempty</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-ifempty"></span>
+<span id="index-empty-string_002c-checking-for"></span>
+<span id="index-empty-argument_002c-checking-for"></span>
+<p><code>\ifempty{<var>arg</var>} <var>t</var> \else <var>f</var> \fi</code> expands the
+<var>t</var> text if <var>arg</var> is the empty string, and the <var>f</var> text
+otherwise. This macro is useful when you need to test for empty
+arguments to your macros, for example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\foo#1{\ifempty{#1} <var>t</var> \else <var>f</var> \fi}
+</pre></div>
+
+<span id="index-skipping-tokens-1"></span>
+<p>Since <code>\ifempty</code> is not a primitive conditional, it cannot be
+used in places where TeX might skip tokens &ldquo;at high speed&rdquo;, e.g.,
+within another conditional&mdash;TeX can&rsquo;t match up the <code>\if</code>&rsquo;s and
+<code>\fi</code>&rsquo;s.
+</p>
+<p>Note that the following code
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\empty{}
+\ifempty\empty\message{empty}\else\message{not empty}\fi
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will produce the message &lsquo;<samp>not empty</samp>&rsquo;.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfuturenonspacelet" accesskey="n" rel="next">\futurenonspacelet</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cifempty" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\ifempty</a>, Up: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.8 <code>\ifinteger</code> and <code>\isinteger</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-ifinteger"></span>
+<span id="index-integers_002c-detecting"></span>
+<span id="index-numbers_002c-detecting"></span>
+<span id="index-detecting-numbers"></span>
+<span id="index-identifying-numbers"></span>
+<span id="index-recognizing-numbers"></span>
+<p><code>\ifinteger{<var>arg</var>} <var>t</var> \else <var>f</var> \fi</code> expands the
+<var>t</var> text if <var>arg</var> is an integer, and the <var>f</var> text
+otherwise. This macro can detect positive and negative integers.
+</p>
+<p>Since <code>\ifinteger</code> is not a primitive conditional, it cannot be
+used in places where TeX might skip tokens &ldquo;at high speed&rdquo;, e.g.,
+within another conditional&mdash;TeX can&rsquo;t match up the <code>\if</code>&rsquo;s
+and <code>\fi</code>&rsquo;s. For such situations Eplain provides
+<span id="index-isinteger"></span>
+<code>\isinteger</code>, which can be used as follows:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\if\isinteger{<var>arg</var>} <var>t</var> \else <var>f</var> \fi
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Although <code>\ifinteger</code> and <code>\isinteger</code> work well
+with regular input, they are not bullet-proof. For example, the
+following code
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\ifinteger{12_ab}integer\else not integer\fi
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>will expand to &lsquo;<samp>ab_integer</samp>&rsquo; (and thus would not
+even compile outside math mode).
+</p>
+<span id="index-TeX-Frequently-Asked-Questions"></span>
+<p>These macros come from the TeX Frequently Asked Questions
+(<a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html</a>).
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="g_t_005cfuturenonspacelet"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a>, Up: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="u" rel="up">Expansion</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="g_t_005cfuturenonspacelet-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">7.6.9 <code>\futurenonspacelet</code></h4>
+
+<span id="index-lookahead-without-spaces"></span>
+<span id="index-spaces_002c-ignoring"></span>
+<span id="index-futurenonspacelet"></span>
+<p>The <code>\futurelet</code> primitive allows you to look at the next token
+from the input. Sometimes, though, you want to look ahead while
+ignoring any spaces. This is what <code>\futurenonspacelet</code> does. It
+is otherwise the same as <code>\futurelet</code>: you give it two control
+sequences as arguments, and it assigns the next nonspace token to the
+first, and then expands the second. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\futurenonspacelet\temp\finishup
+\def\finishup{\ifx\temp &hellip;}
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Obeying-spaces"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Writing-out-numbers" accesskey="n" rel="next">Writing out numbers</a>, Previous: <a href="#Expansion" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Expansion</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Obeying-spaces-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.7 Obeying spaces</h3>
+
+<span id="index-whitespace"></span>
+<span id="index-spaces_002c-obeying"></span>
+<span id="index-newlines_002c-obeying"></span>
+<span id="index-obeywhitespace"></span>
+
+<p><code>\obeywhitespace</code> makes both end-of-lines and space characters in
+the input be respected in the output. Unlike plain TeX&rsquo;s
+<code>\obeyspaces</code>, even spaces at the beginnings of lines turn into
+blank space.
+</p>
+<p>By default, the size of the space that is produced by a space
+character is the natural space of the current font, i.e.,
+what <code>\ </code> produces.
+</p>
+<p>Ordinarily, a blank line in the input produces as much blank vertical
+space as a line of text would occupy. You can adjust this by assigning
+to the parameter <code>\blanklineskipamount</code>:
+<span id="index-blanklineskipamount-in-obeyed-text"></span>
+if you set this negative, the space produced by a blank line will be
+smaller; if positive, larger.
+</p>
+<p>Tabs are not affected by this routine. In particular, if tabs occur
+at the beginning of a line, they will disappear. (If you are trying to
+make TeX do the &ldquo;right thing&rdquo; with tabs, don&rsquo;t. Use a utility
+program like <i>expand</i> instead.)
+<span id="index-tabs"></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Writing-out-numbers"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Mode_002dspecific-penalties" accesskey="n" rel="next">Mode-specific penalties</a>, Previous: <a href="#Obeying-spaces" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Obeying spaces</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Writing-out-numbers-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.8 Writing out numbers</h3>
+
+<span id="index-numbers_002c-written-form-of"></span>
+<p><code>\numbername</code>
+<span id="index-numbername"></span>
+produces the written-out form of its argument, i.e., &lsquo;zero&rsquo; through
+&lsquo;ten&rsquo; for the numbers 0&ndash;10, and numerals for all others.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Mode_002dspecific-penalties"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Auxiliary-files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Auxiliary files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Writing-out-numbers" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Writing out numbers</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Mode_002dspecific-penalties-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.9 Mode-specific penalties</h3>
+
+<p>TeX&rsquo;s built-in <code>\penalty</code> command simply appends to the
+current list, no matter what kind of list it is. You might intend a
+particular penalty to always be a &ldquo;vertical&rdquo; penalty, however, i.e.,
+appended to a vertical list. Therefore, Eplain provides
+<code>\vpenalty</code>
+<span id="index-vpenalty"></span>
+and <code>\hpenalty</code>
+which first leave the other mode and then do <code>\penalty</code>.
+</p>
+<p>More precisely, <code>\vpenalty</code> inserts <code>\par</code> if the current
+mode is horizontal, and <code>\hpenalty</code> inserts <code>\leavevmode</code> if
+the current mode is vertical. (Thus, <code>\vpenalty</code> cannot be used in
+math mode.)
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Auxiliary-files"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#User_002ddefined-environments" accesskey="n" rel="next">User-defined environments</a>, Previous: <a href="#Mode_002dspecific-penalties" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Mode-specific penalties</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Auxiliary-files-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.10 Auxiliary files</h3>
+
+<span id="index-auxiliary-files_002c-existence-of"></span>
+<p>It is common to write some information out to a file to be used on a
+subsequent run. But when it is time to read the file again, you only
+want to do so if the file actually exists. <code>\testfileexistence</code>
+<span id="index-testfileexistence"></span>
+is given an argument which is appended to <code>\jobname</code>,
+<span id="index-jobname-2"></span>
+and sets the conditional <code>\iffileexists</code>
+<span id="index-iffileexists"></span>
+<span id="index-fileexists-_0028conditional_0029"></span>
+appropriately. For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\testfileexistence{toc}%
+\iffileexists
+ \input \jobname.toc
+\fi
+</pre></div>
+
+<p><code>\testfileexistence</code> takes an optional parameter; when
+given, it will override <code>\jobname</code> for the root part of the file
+name. For example, if you want to test for the file
+<samp>answers.aux</samp>, you can do this with the following:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\testfileexistence[answers]{aux}%
+\iffileexists
+ \input answers.aux
+\fi
+</pre></div>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="User_002ddefined-environments"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page list and page range parsers</a>, Previous: <a href="#Auxiliary-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Auxiliary files</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="User_002ddefined-environments-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.11 User-defined environments</h3>
+
+<span id="index-environments_002c-user_002ddefined"></span>
+<p>Plain TeX does not provide &ldquo;named&rdquo; block structures, only the anonymous
+<code>\begingroup</code> and <code>\endgroup</code> pair. The disadvantage of this
+is that when there are several such groups and one is mismatched, it can
+be difficult to find the error. Eplain provides a named block structure
+so that if you forget an <code>\environment</code> or an
+<code>\endenvironment</code>, you will (probably) get an error message about
+it.
+</p>
+<p>For example:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\itpar{
+ \environment{@italicpar}
+ \it\par
+}
+\def\enditpar{
+ \par
+ \endenvironment{@italicpar}%
+}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>which could then be used to set italicized paragraphs:
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\itpar
+If I reprehend anything in this world, it is the use of my oracular
+tongue, and a nice derangement of epitaphs!
+\enditpar
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The above sort of environment allows nesting. But environments
+shouldn&rsquo;t always be allowed to nest. Put the control sequence
+<code>\checkenv</code> at the beginning of a macro that is going to define an
+environment that should not be nested.
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Page-list-and-page-range-parsers"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#User_002ddefined-environments" accesskey="p" rel="prev">User-defined environments</a>, Up: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Programming definitions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Page-list-and-page-range-parsers-1"></span><h3 class="section">7.12 Page list and page range parsers</h3>
+
+<span id="index-idxparselist"></span>
+<span id="index-idxparserange"></span>
+<span id="index-idxpagei"></span>
+<span id="index-idxpageii"></span>
+<p>The macros which Eplain uses to parse the page lists and ranges in the
+index, <code>\idxparselist</code> and <code>\idxparserange</code> (see <a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">Page destinations for index terms</a>), are sometimes useful when defining page
+number encapsulators. They take one argument, text to parse. When a
+page list (range) is not present, they set <code>\idxpagei</code> to be
+<code>\empty</code>; when a list (range) is detected, they set
+<code>\idxpagei</code> and <code>\idxpageii</code> to the first and the second page
+numbers, respectively.
+</p>
+<span id="index-setidxpagelistdelimiter"></span>
+<span id="index-setidxpagerangedelimiter"></span>
+<p>Eplain&rsquo;s defaults for the page list and page range delimiters are the
+same as those in MakeIndex, a comma followed by a space (&lsquo;<samp>, </samp>&rsquo;) and
+two dashes (&lsquo;<samp>--</samp>&rsquo;), respectively. If you customize MakeIndex to use
+different delimiters, you must not forget to let Eplain know about them
+with the commands
+</p>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\setidxpagelistdelimiter{<var>list-delim</var>}
+\setidxpagerangedelimiter{<var>page-delim</var>}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>These commands save the <var>list-delim</var> and
+<var>page-delim</var> delimiters in
+<span id="index-idxpagelistdelimiter"></span>
+<span id="index-idxpagerangedelimiter"></span>
+<code>\idxpagelistdelimiter</code> and <code>\idxpagerangedelimiter</code>,
+respectively.
+</p>
+<span id="index-underlining-page-numbers-in-index"></span>
+<span id="index-index_002c-underlining-page-numbers"></span>
+<span id="index-ituline"></span>
+<p>For example, you may want to define a page number markup command which
+italicizes and properly underlines page ranges by underlining only the
+page numbers and not the delimiter:
+</p>
+<span id="index-idxpagerangedelimiter-1"></span>
+<div class="example">
+<pre class="example">\def\ituline#1{%
+ {\it
+ \idxparserange{#1}%
+ \ifx\idxpagei\empty
+ % The argument is a single page number.
+ \underbar{#1}%
+ \else
+ % The argument is a page range.
+ \underbar{\idxpagei}\idxpagerangedelimiter\underbar{\idxpageii}%
+ \fi}%
+}
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Note that the <code>\ituline</code> macro is not aware of page
+lists. This is not needed if you use hyperlinks in the index, because
+<code>\hlidx</code> and <code>\hlidxpage</code> will break up the page lists before
+calling the user&rsquo;s page encapsulator (see <a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">Page destinations for index terms</a>), so <code>\ituline</code> will never see the lists. If, however, you
+need to design a macro which also takes care of the lists, you can
+extend <code>\ituline</code> with an additional call to <code>\idxparselist</code>.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<span id="Demo-files"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Macro-index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Macro index</a>, Previous: <a href="#Programming-definitions" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Programming definitions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Demo-files-1"></span><h2 class="chapter">8 Demo files</h2>
+
+<span id="index-demo-files"></span>
+<p>This chapter contains listings of source files, along with the output
+they produce (where appropriate), which illustrate various aspects of
+Eplain. The files can be found in the <code>demo</code> subdirectory of
+Eplain distribution. These demos, both the sources and the compiled PDF
+and PS files, are also available from <a href="https://tug.org/eplain/demo">https://tug.org/eplain/demo</a>.
+</p>
+<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029" accesskey="1">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029" accesskey="2">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a>, Up: <a href="#Demo-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Demo files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029-1"></span><h3 class="section">8.1 Hyperlinks (<code>xhyper.tex</code>)</h3>
+
+<img src="xhyper.jpg" alt="xhyper">
+
+<span id="index-xhyper_002etex"></span>
+
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-explicit-hyperlinks_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-explicit_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-implicit-hyperlinks_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-implicit_002c-demo"></span>
+
+<span id="index-hlstart-4"></span>
+<span id="index-hlend-1"></span>
+
+<span id="index-group-options_002c-hyperlink_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-hyperlinks_002c-group-options_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-link_002c-group-options_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-linkgroup-options_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-group-options_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-options_002c-demo"></span>
+
+<span id="index-group-type_002c-hyperlink_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-destinations_002c-group-type_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-destgroup-type_002c-demo"></span>
+
+<span id="index-hlopts-2"></span>
+<span id="index-hldesttype-2"></span>
+<span id="index-hldestopts-2"></span>
+
+<span id="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-definexref-1"></span>
+<span id="index-ref-1"></span>
+
+<span id="index-graphics-collection_002c-LaTeX_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-LaTeX-graphics-collection_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-color_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-rotation_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-scaling_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-color_002esty-4"></span>
+<span id="index-graphicx_002esty-1"></span>
+<span id="index-url_002esty-2"></span>
+
+<span id="index-includegraphics"></span>
+<span id="index-rotatebox"></span>
+<span id="index-definecolor"></span>
+<span id="index-url"></span>
+<pre class="verbatim">% (This file is public domain.)
+%
+% This file demonstrates the following features of Eplain:
+%
+% - explicit and implicit hyperlinks;
+% - symbolic cross-references;
+% - inserting external graphics using |\includegraphics| from
+% the \LaTeX\ package |graphicx.sty|.
+% - rotating text using |\rotatebox| from |graphicx.sty|.
+%
+% The compiled demo can be downloaded from
+%
+% http://tug.org/eplain/demo
+%
+% In order to compile this file yourself, you will need the CTAN lion
+% drawing by Duane Bibby from
+%
+% ftp://tug.ctan.org/ftpmaint/CTAN_lion/ctan_lion_350x350.png
+%
+% (thanks, |www.ctan.org|). Place the image file in the same
+% directory with this file, and change to that directory. Now, to
+% produce a PDF, run twice the command
+%
+% pdftex xhyper.tex
+%
+% During the first run, Eplain will write the information about the
+% cross-references into |xhyper.aux|, and during the second run this
+% information will be read by Eplain to typeset the references.
+%
+% Demo case:
+%
+% Suppose you are using pdf\TeX, have a figure you want to insert
+% scaled to $200\,pt$ horizontally, and you want this figure to
+% completely fill the PDF viewer's window whenever the reader
+% selects a link pointing to this figure. Additionally, you want to
+% typeset some text as live hyperlinks, clicking on which will start
+% a Web browser and open a URL.
+
+\input eplain
+
+% Load \LaTeX\ packages.
+\beginpackages
+ % |url.sty| provides the |\url| command which we will use to typeset
+ % a URL. We request that |url.sty| be the version from June~27,
+ % 2005, or later, because earlier versions had problems interacting
+ % with plain \TeX.
+ \usepackage{url}[2005/06/27]
+ % |color.sty| provides support for colored text; all hyperlinks are
+ % automatically colored by Eplain when this package is loaded. We give
+ % the |dvipsnames| option because we want to use named colors from the
+ % |dvips| graphics driver.
+ \usepackage[dvipsnames]{color}
+ % Finally, we load |graphicx.sty|, for the macros |\includegraphics|
+ % and |\rotatebox|.
+ \usepackage{graphicx}
+\endpackages
+
+% Remember that hyperlinks are off by default. Therefore, we need to
+% enable them.
+\enablehyperlinks
+
+% Customize some hyperlink options. First, we set border width to~$0$
+% for all links to get rid of the default boxes around links (we
+% prefer colored links over the boxed links). Next, we say that all
+% links created by the |url| hyperlink group (which means the |\url|
+% command from |url.sty|) must be colored using the named color
+% |BlueViolet|.
+\hlopts{bwidth=0}
+\hlopts[url]{colormodel=named,color=BlueViolet}
+
+% Inhibit page numbering (we have only one page).
+\nopagenumbers
+
+% Define a class word for the cross-reference class |figure|. This
+% word, when defined, will be automatically prepended by Eplain to the
+% reference created by |\ref| (read on to see its use).
+\def\figureword{fig.}
+
+% Allocate a count register for the figure's number, and a box
+% register which we'll use to measure dimensions of the image.
+\newcount\fignumber
+\newbox\imgbox
+
+% Now comes the fun part--constructing the figure for the image of the
+% \CTAN\ lion. We define a macro
+%
+% \fig{LABEL}{FILENAME}{CAPTION}{WIDTH}
+%
+% which creates a figure using LABEL for the cross-reference and
+% hyperlink label, reading the image from file FILENAME, using CAPTION
+% to name the figure, and WIDTH to scale the image horizontally.
+\def\fig#1#2#3#4{%
+ % Leave some space above the figure. This will also ensure that we
+ % are in the vertical mode before we produce a |\vbox|.
+ \medskip
+ % Advance the figure number. |\global| ensures that the change to
+ % the count register is global, even when |\fig| is buried inside a
+ % group.
+ \global\advance\fignumber by 1
+ % We use |\includegraphics| (from |graphicx.sty|) to load the image,
+ % scaled to the specified width, into our ``measuring'' box
+ % |\imgbox|.
+ \setbox\imgbox = \hbox{\includegraphics[width=#4]{#2}}%
+ % To make the demo even more exciting, let's put the figure's
+ % caption to the left of the image into the |\indent| space of the
+ % new paragraph, and rotate the caption~$90^\circ$.
+ \textindent{%
+ \rotatebox{90}{F{\sc IGURE}~\the\fignumber. #3}%
+ }%
+ % Continue the paragraph by constructing a |\vbox| with the image of
+ % the lion. We use |\definexref| to define the cross-reference
+ % label.
+ \vbox{%
+ % In addition to the cross-reference label, |\definexref| will
+ % create a hyperlink destination with the same label. Therefore,
+ % we customize this destination to do what we need. We say that
+ % destination type for the hyperlink group |definexref| (to which
+ % |\definexref| belongs) should be |fitr|. This destination type
+ % will magnify the rectangle specified by the options |width|,
+ % |height| and |depth| to the PDF viewer's window. Therefore, we
+ % set those options accordingly with |\hldestopts| (notice the use
+ % of |depth| instead of |height|---we will want the rectangle to
+ % extend {\it downward}, to cover the image which will come
+ % next). Notice that these settings will be isolated within the
+ % current group (i.e., the |\vbox| we're constructing).
+ \hldesttype[definexref]{fitr}%
+ \hldestopts[definexref]{width=\wd\imgbox,height=0pt,depth=\ht\imgbox}%
+ % We define a symbolic label so that we can later refer
+ % to the figure with |\ref|. The command |\definexref| does
+ % exactly that. The last argument to |\definexref| specifies
+ % class of the label, which determines the word used by |\ref| in
+ % front of the reference text (remember that we've defined
+ % |\figureword| above).
+ \definexref{#1}{\the\fignumber}{figure}%
+ % Finally, produce the image which we've been stashing in the box
+ % register |\imgbox|.
+ \box\imgbox
+ }%
+ \medskip
+}
+
+% Create the figure.
+\fig{CTANlion}{ctan_lion_350x350}{Lion in the archives}{200pt}
+
+% Finished with the fun part, we can relax and typeset some
+% hyperlinks. The easiest way to do that is to use the |\ref|
+% cross-reference command. We can even pass an optional argument
+% (|the lion in|), which will be placed before the class word (|fig.|)
+% and become part of the link (to make sure the reader does not have
+% to aim too hard).
+Show me \ref[the lion in]{CTANlion}.
+
+% If you are the restless kind, here's another way to create a
+% hyperlink to the image: we create a link explicitly by using
+% |\hlstart ... \hlend|. We don't specify the link type, therefore
+% the default type |name| will be used (these are ``named links'',
+% i.e., links pointing to destinations identified by labels). In the
+% options argument, we specify that the border of the link should be
+% inverted when the user clicks the link (|hlight=O|), and also set
+% special color for this link, overriding the default dark-red. The
+% label for the destination is the same as the cross-reference label,
+% |CTANlion|.
+Show me
+\hlstart{}{hlight=O,colormodel=named,color=OliveGreen}{CTANlion}
+ the CTAN lion\hlend.
+
+% Let's now point somewhere outside our document. Eplain homepage is
+% a good target. In the similar spirit, let's consider two
+% approaches. The easy one is to use the |\url| command from
+% |url.sty|. Remember that we have customized the color of |url|
+% hyperlinks, so this one will show up with a different color than the
+% default dark-red.
+Take me to \url{http://tug.org/eplain}.
+
+% The second approach is to create an explicit URL link. We specify
+% yet another border highlighting mode, |P|, which means that the
+% region underneath the bounding box of the link will be drawn inset
+% into the page. Also, let's set the color of the hyperlink to an RGB
+% color |0.4,0.1,0.4|. Since we cannot use commas to separate the
+% color elements inside the options parameter to |\hlstart| (commas
+% there separate options), we have to first create a user-defined
+% color with |\definecolor| from |color.sty|, and use that in
+% |\hlstart|.
+\definecolor{mycolor}{rgb}{0.4,0.1,0.4}
+
+Take me to
+\hlstart{url}{hlight=P,colormodel=,color=mycolor}{http://tug.org/eplain}
+ Eplain homepage\hlend.
+
+\bye
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a>, Up: <a href="#Demo-files" accesskey="u" rel="up">Demo files</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029-1"></span><h3 class="section">8.2 Highlighting TeX comments in listings (<code>lscommnt.tex</code>)</h3>
+
+<img src="lscommnt.jpg" alt="lscommnt">
+
+
+<span id="index-lscommnt_002etex"></span>
+
+<span id="index-verbatim-listing_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-listing-files_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-files_002c-verbatim-listing-of_002c-demo"></span>
+<span id="index-comments_002c-highlighting-in-listings"></span>
+<span id="index-highlighting_002c-in-listings"></span>
+
+<span id="index-listing-1"></span>
+<span id="index-setuplistinghook-1"></span>
+<span id="index-linenumberedlisting-1"></span>
+<span id="index-nolastlinelisting-1"></span>
+<span id="index-hlightcommentslisting"></span>
+<pre class="verbatim">% (This file is public domain.)
+% Demonstrate how Eplain can be used to include a TeX source file
+% verbatim, typesetting comments in colored italic typewriter type.
+
+% Load Eplain and LaTeX's color.sty package.
+\input eplain
+\beginpackages \usepackage{color} \endpackages
+\nopagenumbers % Disable page numbers.
+\font\commentfont = cmitt10 % Font for the comments (italic \tt).
+% We'll define some `protected' macros with `@' in their names.
+\makeatletter
+% Define an equivalent of Eplain's \letreturn, to be able to assign
+% various actions to the (active) percent character.
+\begingroup \makeactive\%
+ \gdef\letpercent{\let%}
+\endgroup
+% The listing hook to be called in \setuplistinghook, see below. It
+% makes `%' active and assigns it a `start comment' action.
+\def\hlightcommentslisting{\makeactive\% \letpercent\start@comment}%
+% This is what `%' is aliased to before a comment is started.
+\def\start@comment{%
+ \leavevmode % Needed in the very first line of the input to process
+ % the new par (possibly inserting line number) before we
+ % kick in with the color and stuff.
+ \begingroup % Isolate color and font changes and the redefinitions.
+ \commentfont
+ \color[cmyk]{0.28,1,1,0.35}%
+ \percentchar % Produce the actual `%' and
+ \letpercent\percentchar % make all following `%'s do the same.
+ \letreturn\end@comment % Call \end@comment at end-of-line.
+}
+% \end@comment (alias for ^^M inside a comment) will end the comment
+% started by \start@comment. We make ^^M active temporarily so that
+% the active version of ^^M gets &quot;frozen&quot; into \end@comment.
+\begingroup \makeactive\^^M % Avoid ^^M's from here on.
+ \gdef\end@comment{\endgroup ^^M}%
+\endgroup
+\resetatcatcode % Make `@' again inaccessible for use in macro names.
+
+% Define \setuplistinghook to setup comments highlighting, line
+% numbering and omitting the last (empty) line of input.
+\def\setuplistinghook{\hlightcommentslisting \linenumberedlisting
+ \nolastlinelisting}
+% Isn't this fun? This file typesets itself, with the extra bonus of
+% the pretty-printed comments and numbered source lines!
+\listing{lscommnt}
+\bye
+</pre>
+<hr>
+<span id="Macro-index"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a href="#Concept-index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Concept index</a>, Previous: <a href="#Demo-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Demo files</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Macro-index-1"></span><h2 class="unnumbered">Macro index</h2>
+
+<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_symbol-1"><b>@</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<br>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-J"><b>J</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+</td></tr></table>
+<table class="index-fn" border="0">
+<tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_symbol-1">@</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040getoptionalarg"><code>@getoptionalarg</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040hllabel"><code>@hllabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040hllabel-1"><code>@hllabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040hllabel-2"><code>@hllabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040hllabel-3"><code>@hllabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040indexproof-insertion-class"><code>@indexproof <span class="roman">insertion class</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-A">A</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-abovecolumnskip"><code>abovecolumnskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-abovecolumnspenalty"><code>abovecolumnspenalty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables">Tables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-abovelistpenalty"><code>abovelistpenalty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-abovelistskip"><code>abovelistskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-abovelistskipamount"><code>abovelistskipamount</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-adjarrow"><code>adjarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-adjmapdown"><code>adjmapdown</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-adjmapleft"><code>adjmapleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-adjmapright"><code>adjmapright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-adjmapup"><code>adjmapup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-advancebottommargin"><code>advancebottommargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-advanceleftmargin"><code>advanceleftmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-advancerightmargin"><code>advancerightmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-advancetopmargin"><code>advancetopmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afterindexterm"><code>afterindexterm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-afterindexterm-hook"><code>afterindexterm <span class="roman">hook</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMSLaTeX-1"><code>AMSLaTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMSTeX-1"><code>AMSTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arrow"><code>arrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arrow-1"><code>arrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-B">B</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bblem"><code>bblem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bblemph"><code>bblemph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bblfilebasename"><code>bblfilebasename</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bblhook"><code>bblhook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bblnewblock"><code>bblnewblock</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bblrm"><code>bblrm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bblsc"><code>bblsc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bcolor-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>bcolor <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bdash-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>bdash <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bdash-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"><code>bdash <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-begin-for-index-entries"><code>begin <span class="roman">for index entries</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-beginindex-hook"><code>beginindex <span class="roman">hook</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-beginlist"><code>beginlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-beginpackages"><code>beginpackages</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-begin_007bpicture_007d"><code>begin{picture}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-begin_007btheindex_007d"><code>begin{theindex}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-belowcolumnskip"><code>belowcolumnskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-belowfootnoterulespace"><code>belowfootnoterulespace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-belowlistskip"><code>belowlistskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-belowlistskipamount"><code>belowlistskipamount</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-biarrow"><code>biarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-biblabelcontents"><code>biblabelcontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-biblabelextraspace"><code>biblabelextraspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-biblabelpostcontents"><code>biblabelpostcontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-biblabelprecontents"><code>biblabelprecontents</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-biblabelprint"><code>biblabelprint</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-biblabelwidth"><code>biblabelwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography"><code>bibliography</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>bibliography <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliographystyle"><code>bibliographystyle</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BibTeX-2"><code>BibTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bihline"><code>bihline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bimapdown"><code>bimapdown</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bimapleft"><code>bimapleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bimapright"><code>bimapright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bimapup"><code>bimapup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bisline"><code>bisline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bivline"><code>bivline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-blackbox"><code>blackbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-blanklineskipamount-in-justified-text"><code>blanklineskipamount <span class="roman">in justified text</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-blanklineskipamount-in-obeyed-text"><code>blanklineskipamount <span class="roman">in obeyed text</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Obeying-spaces">Obeying spaces</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bottom-_0028destination-option_0029"><code>bottom <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bottom-_0028destination-option_0029-1"><code>bottom <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bottommargin"><code>bottommargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boxit"><code>boxit</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boxitspace"><code>boxitspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bstyle-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>bstyle <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bwidth-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>bwidth <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-C">C</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-catcode"><code>catcode</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-center"><code>center</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centereddisplays"><code>centereddisplays</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-channelwidth"><code>channelwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-channelwidth-1"><code>channelwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cite"><code>cite</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cite-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>cite <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmd-_0028destination-option_0029"><code>cmd <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmd-_0028destination-option_0029-1"><code>cmd <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-hypertex">Destination options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmd-_0028destination-option_0029-2"><code>cmd <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmd-_0028destination-option_0029-3"><code>cmd <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmd-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>cmd <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmd-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"><code>cmd <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-hypertex">Link options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmd-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-2"><code>cmd <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmd-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-3"><code>cmd <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>color <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-colormodel-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>colormodel <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-columnfill"><code>columnfill</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commdiag"><code>commdiag</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commdiagbaselines"><code>commdiagbaselines</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commdiagbaselines-1"><code>commdiagbaselines</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-csn"><code>csn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccsn-and-_005cece">\csn and \ece</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-D">D</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-definecolor"><code>definecolor</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-definecontentsfile"><code>definecontentsfile</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Alternative-contents-files">Alternative contents files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-defineindex"><code>defineindex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-definexref"><code>definexref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Defining-generic-references">Defining generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-definexref-1"><code>definexref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-definexref-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>definexref <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-depth-_0028destination-option_0029"><code>depth <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-depth-_0028destination-option_0029-1"><code>depth <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-depth-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>depth <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-discretionaries"><code>discretionaries</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paths">Paths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displaylines"><code>displaylines</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-DOCVIEW-pdfmark"><code>DOCVIEW <span class="roman">pdfmark</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dospecials"><code>dospecials</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-doublecolumns"><code>doublecolumns</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-drawline"><code>drawline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors">Slanted lines and vectors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-drawvector"><code>drawvector</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors">Slanted lines and vectors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfm-_0028hyperlink-driver_0029"><code>dvipdfm <span class="roman">(hyperlink driver)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-E">E</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eattoken"><code>eattoken</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ece"><code>ece</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccsn-and-_005cece">\csn and \ece</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-edefappend"><code>edefappend</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cedefappend">\edefappend</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ehrule"><code>ehrule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Rules">Rules</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-em"><code>em</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-emph"><code>emph</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-enablehyperlinks"><code>enablehyperlinks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-enablehyperlinks-1"><code>enablehyperlinks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-enablehyperlinks-2"><code>enablehyperlinks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-end-for-index-entries"><code>end <span class="roman">for index entries</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-endlist"><code>endlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-endnumberedlist"><code>endnumberedlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-endorderedlist"><code>endorderedlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-endpackages"><code>endpackages</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-endunorderedlist"><code>endunorderedlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-end_007bpicture_007d"><code>end{picture}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-end_007btheindex_007d"><code>end{theindex}</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eplain"><code>eplain</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eplaininput"><code>eplaininput</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqalignno"><code>eqalignno</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqalignno-1"><code>eqalignno</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqalignnum"><code>eqalignnum</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqconstruct"><code>eqconstruct</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-equation-references">Formatting equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqdef"><code>eqdef</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqdef-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>eqdef <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqdefn"><code>eqdefn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqdefn-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>eqdefn <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqno"><code>eqno</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqnum"><code>eqnum</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqnum-1"><code>eqnum</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqnum-2"><code>eqnum</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqnumber"><code>eqnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqprint"><code>eqprint</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-equation-references">Formatting equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqref"><code>eqref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqref-1"><code>eqref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqrefn"><code>eqrefn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqrefn-1"><code>eqrefn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqsubdef"><code>eqsubdef</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subequation-references">Subequation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqsubdef-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>eqsubdef <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqsubdefn"><code>eqsubdefn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subequation-references">Subequation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqsubdefn-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>eqsubdefn <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eqsubreftext"><code>eqsubreftext</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subequation-references">Subequation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eTeX-1"><code>eTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-everyfootnote"><code>everyfootnote</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-evrule"><code>evrule</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Rules">Rules</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expandonce"><code>expandonce</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cexpandonce">\expandonce</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ext-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>ext <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ext-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"><code>ext <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-hypertex">Link options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ExTeX-1"><code>ExTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-F">F</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>file <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"><code>file <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-hypertex">Link options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-2"><code>file <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-3"><code>file <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-4"><code>file <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fileexists-_0028conditional_0029"><code>fileexists <span class="roman">(conditional)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Auxiliary-files">Auxiliary files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filename-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"><code>filename <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filename-_0028hyperlink-type_0029-1"><code>filename <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filepage-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"><code>filepage <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fit-_0028destination-type_0029"><code>fit <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fitb-_0028destination-type_0029"><code>fitb <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fitbh-_0028destination-type_0029"><code>fitbh <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fitbv-_0028destination-type_0029"><code>fitbv <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fith-_0028destination-type_0029"><code>fith <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fitr-_0028destination-type_0029"><code>fitr <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fitv-_0028destination-type_0029"><code>fitv <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-flushleft"><code>flushleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-flushright"><code>flushright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fmtversion"><code>fmtversion</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnote-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>footnote <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnotemarkseparation"><code>footnotemarkseparation</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnoteruleheight"><code>footnoteruleheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnoterulewidth"><code>footnoterulewidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-for"><code>for</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-For"><code>For</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-frac"><code>frac</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fractions">Fractions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fullmonthname"><code>fullmonthname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Time-of-day">Time of day</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-futurenonspacelet"><code>futurenonspacelet</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfuturenonspacelet">\futurenonspacelet</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-G">G</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-getproperty"><code>getproperty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Properties">Properties</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gloggingall"><code>gloggingall</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gobble"><code>gobble</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gobbletwo"><code>gobbletwo</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gridcommdiag"><code>gridcommdiag</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gtracingall"><code>gtracingall</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gutter"><code>gutter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gutterbox"><code>gutterbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-H">H</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hangindent-for-index-entries"><code>hangindent <span class="roman">for index entries</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-harrowlength"><code>harrowlength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-harrowlength-1"><code>harrowlength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hchannel"><code>hchannel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-height-_0028destination-option_0029"><code>height <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-height-_0028destination-option_0029-1"><code>height <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-height-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>height <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hgrid"><code>hgrid</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hgrid-1"><code>hgrid</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldest"><code>hldest</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldest-1"><code>hldest</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldest-2"><code>hldest</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldest-3"><code>hldest</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldestoff"><code>hldestoff</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldestoff-1"><code>hldestoff</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff">Turning low-level commands on/off</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldeston"><code>hldeston</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff">Turning low-level commands on/off</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldestopts"><code>hldestopts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldestopts-1"><code>hldestopts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldestopts-2"><code>hldestopts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldesttype"><code>hldesttype</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldesttype-1"><code>hldesttype</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hldesttype-2"><code>hldesttype</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlend"><code>hlend</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlend-1"><code>hlend</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlfootbacklabel"><code>hlfootbacklabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlfootlabel"><code>hlfootlabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlfootlabelnumber"><code>hlfootlabelnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlhash"><code>hlhash</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlidx"><code>hlidx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlidxlabel"><code>hlidxlabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlidxlabelnumber"><code>hlidxlabelnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlidxpage"><code>hlidxpage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">Page destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlidxpagelabel"><code>hlidxpagelabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">Page destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlight-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>hlight <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlightcommentslisting"><code>hlightcommentslisting</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hline"><code>hline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hloff"><code>hloff</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hloff-1"><code>hloff</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff">Turning low-level commands on/off</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlon"><code>hlon</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-low_002dlevel-commands-on_002foff">Turning low-level commands on/off</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlopts"><code>hlopts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlopts-1"><code>hlopts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlopts-2"><code>hlopts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlstart"><code>hlstart</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlstart-1"><code>hlstart</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlstart-2"><code>hlstart</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlstart-3"><code>hlstart</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hlstart-4"><code>hlstart</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hltype"><code>hltype</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hltype-1"><code>hltype</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposn"><code>hmorphposn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposn-1"><code>hmorphposn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposndn"><code>hmorphposndn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposndn-1"><code>hmorphposndn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposnlft"><code>hmorphposnlft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposnlft-1"><code>hmorphposnlft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposnrt"><code>hmorphposnrt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposnrt-1"><code>hmorphposnrt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposnup"><code>hmorphposnup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hmorphposnup-1"><code>hmorphposnup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hoffset"><code>hoffset</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hookaction"><code>hookaction</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hooks">Hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hookactiononce"><code>hookactiononce</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hooks">Hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hookappend"><code>hookappend</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hooks">Hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hookprepend"><code>hookprepend</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hooks">Hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hookrun"><code>hookrun</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hooks">Hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-href"><code>href</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hruledefaultdepth"><code>hruledefaultdepth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Rules">Rules</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hruledefaultheight"><code>hruledefaultheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Rules">Rules</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hsize"><code>hsize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertex-_0028hyperlink-driver_0029"><code>hypertex <span class="roman">(hyperlink driver)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyphenpenalty-for-index-entries"><code>hyphenpenalty <span class="roman">for index entries</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-I">I</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-identity"><code>identity</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idx"><code>idx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idx-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>idx <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxargclose"><code>idxargclose</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxargopen"><code>idxargopen</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxbeginrangemark"><code>idxbeginrangemark</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxencapoperator"><code>idxencapoperator</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxendrangemark"><code>idxendrangemark</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxexact"><code>idxexact</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxmarked"><code>idxmarked</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxmarked-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>idxmarked <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxname"><code>idxname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxname-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>idxname <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxnameseparator"><code>idxnameseparator</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxnone"><code>idxnone</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxpage"><code>idxpage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxpagei"><code>idxpagei</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxpageii"><code>idxpageii</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxpagelistdelimiter"><code>idxpagelistdelimiter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxpagenum"><code>idxpagenum</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxpagerangedelimiter"><code>idxpagerangedelimiter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxpagerangedelimiter-1"><code>idxpagerangedelimiter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxparselist"><code>idxparselist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxparserange"><code>idxparserange</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxrangebeginword"><code>idxrangebeginword</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxrangeendword"><code>idxrangeendword</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxseealsocmdword"><code>idxseealsocmdword</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxseecmdword"><code>idxseecmdword</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxsubentryseparator"><code>idxsubentryseparator</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxsubmarked"><code>idxsubmarked</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxsubmarked-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>idxsubmarked <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifempty"><code>ifempty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifempty">\ifempty</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-iffileexists"><code>iffileexists</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Auxiliary-files">Auxiliary files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifidx"><code>ifidx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifindexproofing"><code>ifindexproofing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifinteger"><code>ifinteger</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifpdf"><code>ifpdf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifpdf-1"><code>ifpdf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifpdf-2"><code>ifpdf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifrewritetocfile"><code>ifrewritetocfile</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reading-the-_002etoc-file">Reading the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifundefined"><code>ifundefined</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifundefined">\ifundefined</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-includegraphics"><code>includegraphics</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexfilebasename"><code>indexfilebasename</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexfonts"><code>indexfonts</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexitem-hook"><code>indexitem <span class="roman">hook</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexprooffont"><code>indexprooffont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexproofingfalse"><code>indexproofingfalse</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexproofingtrue"><code>indexproofingtrue</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexproofterm"><code>indexproofterm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexproofunbox"><code>indexproofunbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexsee"><code>indexsee</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexsee-1"><code>indexsee</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries">Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexseealso"><code>indexseealso</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexseealso-1"><code>indexseealso</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries">Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexseealsowords"><code>indexseealsowords</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexseeword"><code>indexseeword</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexsetmargins"><code>indexsetmargins</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexspace"><code>indexspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innerdef"><code>innerdef</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innerinnerdef"><code>innerinnerdef</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewbox"><code>innernewbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewcount"><code>innernewcount</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewdimen"><code>innernewdimen</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewfam"><code>innernewfam</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewhelp"><code>innernewhelp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewif"><code>innernewif</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewinsert"><code>innernewinsert</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewlanguage"><code>innernewlanguage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewread"><code>innernewread</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewskip"><code>innernewskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewtoks"><code>innernewtoks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-innernewwrite"><code>innernewwrite</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-input"><code>input</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-insidemargin"><code>insidemargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-interfootnoteskip"><code>interfootnoteskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-interitemskip"><code>interitemskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-interitemskipamount"><code>interitemskipamount</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-isinteger"><code>isinteger</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-item-in-indexes"><code>item <span class="roman">in indexes</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-itemletter"><code>itemletter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-itemnumber"><code>itemnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ituline"><code>ituline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-J">J</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-jobname"><code>jobname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-jobname-1"><code>jobname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-jobname-2"><code>jobname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Auxiliary-files">Auxiliary files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-L">L</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LAMSTeX-1"><code>LAMSTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-4"><code>LaTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lbracechar"><code>lbracechar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-_0028destination-option_0029"><code>left <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-_0028destination-option_0029-1"><code>left <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-_0028destination-option_0029-2"><code>left <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-_0028destination-option_0029-3"><code>left <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-_0028destination-option_0029-4"><code>left <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leftdisplayindent"><code>leftdisplayindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leftdisplays"><code>leftdisplays</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leftdisplaysetup"><code>leftdisplaysetup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-displays">Formatting displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lefteqnumbers"><code>lefteqnumbers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leftmargin"><code>leftmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leftskip"><code>leftskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leqalignno"><code>leqalignno</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leqalignno-1"><code>leqalignno</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leqno"><code>leqno</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letreturn"><code>letreturn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letter"><code>letter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lft"><code>lft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-li"><code>li</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-li-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>li <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#List-hyperlinks">List hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linenumberedlisting"><code>linenumberedlisting</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linenumberedlisting-1"><code>linenumberedlisting</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-listcompact"><code>listcompact</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-listing"><code>listing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-listing-1"><code>listing</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-listingfont"><code>listingfont</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-listleftindent"><code>listleftindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-listmarkerspace"><code>listmarkerspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-listrightindent"><code>listrightindent</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-loggingall"><code>loggingall</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-loop"><code>loop</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-M">M</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-makeactive"><code>makeactive</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-makeatletter"><code>makeatletter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-makeatother"><code>makeatother</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-makeblankbox"><code>makeblankbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-makecolumns"><code>makecolumns</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables">Tables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-makeheadline"><code>makeheadline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mapdown"><code>mapdown</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mapdown-1"><code>mapdown</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mapleft"><code>mapleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mapleft-1"><code>mapleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mapright"><code>mapright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mapright-1"><code>mapright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mapup"><code>mapup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mapup-1"><code>mapup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-matrix"><code>matrix</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mbox"><code>mbox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-MF"><code>MF</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-monthname"><code>monthname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Time-of-day">Time of day</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-morphdist"><code>morphdist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-morphdist-1"><code>morphdist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-N">N</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-name-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"><code>name <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-name-_0028hyperlink-type_0029-1"><code>name <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-new_2026"><code>new&hellip;</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-newblock"><code>newblock</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-newcommand"><code>newcommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-newwin-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>newwin <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-newwin-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"><code>newwin <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-newwin-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-2"><code>newwin <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-noarrow"><code>noarrow</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-noauxfile"><code>noauxfile</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nobibtex"><code>nobibtex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nocite"><code>nocite</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nolastlinelisting"><code>nolastlinelisting</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nolastlinelisting-1"><code>nolastlinelisting</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nolinks-_0028hyperlink-driver_0029"><code>nolinks <span class="roman">(hyperlink driver)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-normalbaselineskip"><code>normalbaselineskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-num-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"><code>num <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numberedfootnote"><code>numberedfootnote</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numberedfootnote-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>numberedfootnote <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numberedlist"><code>numberedlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numberedlistdepth"><code>numberedlistdepth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numberedmarker"><code>numberedmarker</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numbername"><code>numbername</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-out-numbers">Writing out numbers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-O">O</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-obeywhitespace"><code>obeywhitespace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Obeying-spaces">Obeying spaces</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-orderedlist"><code>orderedlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-other"><code>other</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-outer"><code>outer</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-outsidemargin"><code>outsidemargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-P">P</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"><code>page <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pagefit-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>pagefit <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pagefit-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"><code>pagefit <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pagefit-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-2"><code>pagefit <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pagefit-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-3"><code>pagefit <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pageno"><code>pageno</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pagetotal"><code>pagetotal</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paperheight"><code>paperheight</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paperwidth"><code>paperwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parfillskip_002c-reset-by-_005cragged_002e_002e_002e"><code>parfillskip<span class="roman">, reset by <code>\ragged...</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parindent-in-indexes"><code>parindent <span class="roman">in indexes</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-path"><code>path</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paths">Paths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfescapestring-pdfTeX-primitive"><code>pdfescapestring <span class="roman">pdfTeX primitive</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfmark-_0028PDF-language-primitive_0029"><code>pdfmark <span class="roman">(PDF language primitive)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfoutline-_0028pdftex-primitive_0029"><code>pdfoutline <span class="roman">(<code>pdftex</code> primitive)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfoutput"><code>pdfoutput</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex-_0028hyperlink-driver_0029"><code>pdftex <span class="roman">(hyperlink driver)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-percentchar"><code>percentchar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-phantomeqlabel"><code>phantomeqlabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-phantomeqnumber"><code>phantomeqnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-previouseverydisplay"><code>previouseverydisplay</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-displays">Formatting displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printbetweencitations"><code>printbetweencitations</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-citations">Formatting citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printcitefinish"><code>printcitefinish</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-citations">Formatting citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printcitenote"><code>printcitenote</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-citations">Formatting citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printcitestart"><code>printcitestart</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-citations">Formatting citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printitem"><code>printitem</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printlistinglineno"><code>printlistinglineno</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printlistinglineno-1"><code>printlistinglineno</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-providecommand"><code>providecommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-Q">Q</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quadcolumns"><code>quadcolumns</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-R">R</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raggedleft"><code>raggedleft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raggedleftskip"><code>raggedleftskip</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raggedright"><code>raggedright</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raggedright-for-index-entries"><code>raggedright <span class="roman">for index entries</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raise-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>raise <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raise-_0028hyperlink-option_0029-1"><code>raise <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raw-_0028destination-type_0029"><code>raw <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raw-_0028destination-type_0029-1"><code>raw <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raw-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"><code>raw <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raw-_0028hyperlink-type_0029-1"><code>raw <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rbracechar"><code>rbracechar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-readindexfile"><code>readindexfile</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-readindexfile-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>readindexfile <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-readtocfile"><code>readtocfile</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reading-the-_002etoc-file">Reading the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ref"><code>ref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ref-1"><code>ref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ref-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>ref <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-refn"><code>refn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-refn-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>refn <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-refs"><code>refs</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-refs-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>refs <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-refspace"><code>refspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-refspace-1"><code>refspace</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reftie"><code>reftie</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reftie-1"><code>reftie</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reftie-2"><code>reftie</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-renewcommand"><code>renewcommand</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-repeat"><code>repeat</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resetatcatcode"><code>resetatcatcode</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-resetatcatcode-1"><code>resetatcatcode</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rewritetocfile-_0028conditional_0029"><code>rewritetocfile <span class="roman">(conditional)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reading-the-_002etoc-file">Reading the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right-_0028destination-option_0029"><code>right <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right-_0028destination-option_0029-1"><code>right <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-righteqnumbers"><code>righteqnumbers</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rightmargin"><code>rightmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rotatebox"><code>rotatebox</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rt"><code>rt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-S">S</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sanitize"><code>sanitize</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Converting-to-characters">Converting to characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sarrowlength"><code>sarrowlength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sarrowlength-1"><code>sarrowlength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sc"><code>sc</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-see-for-index-entries"><code>see <span class="roman">for index entries</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-see-for-index-entries-1"><code>see <span class="roman">for index entries</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-seealso-for-index-entries"><code>seealso <span class="roman">for index entries</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-seevariant"><code>seevariant</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-setidxpagelistdelimiter"><code>setidxpagelistdelimiter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-setidxpagerangedelimiter"><code>setidxpagerangedelimiter</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-setproperty"><code>setproperty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Properties">Properties</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-setuplistinghook"><code>setuplistinghook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-setuplistinghook-1"><code>setuplistinghook</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sidx"><code>sidx</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sidxmarked"><code>sidxmarked</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sidxname"><code>sidxname</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sidxsubmarked"><code>sidxsubmarked</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-singlecolumn"><code>singlecolumn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sline"><code>sline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sline-1"><code>sline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SLiTeX-1"><code>SLiTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaceskip_002c-reset-by-_005cragged_002e_002e_002e"><code>spaceskip<span class="roman">, reset by <code>\ragged...</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-special"><code>special</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-special-ps_003a-for-dvips"><code>special ps: <span class="roman">for <code>dvips</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-specialpathdelimiters-_0028conditional_0029"><code>specialpathdelimiters <span class="roman">(conditional)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paths">Paths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subeqnumber"><code>subeqnumber</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subequation-references">Subequation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subitem-in-indexes"><code>subitem <span class="roman">in indexes</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subsubitem-in-indexes"><code>subsubitem <span class="roman">in indexes</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-T">T</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-testfileexistence"><code>testfileexistence</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Auxiliary-files">Auxiliary files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX"><code>TeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-textbf"><code>textbf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-timestamp"><code>timestamp</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Time-of-day">Time of day</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-timestring"><code>timestring</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Time-of-day">Time of day</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-toc_2026entry"><code>toc&hellip;entry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-toc_2026entry-1"><code>toc&hellip;entry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tocfilebasename"><code>tocfilebasename</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name">Changing the .toc file's root name</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-today"><code>today</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Time-of-day">Time of day</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-top-_0028destination-option_0029"><code>top <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-top-_0028destination-option_0029-1"><code>top <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-top-_0028destination-option_0029-2"><code>top <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-top-_0028destination-option_0029-3"><code>top <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-top-_0028destination-option_0029-4"><code>top <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-topmargin"><code>topmargin</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tracingall"><code>tracingall</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tracingboxes"><code>tracingboxes</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tracingoff"><code>tracingoff</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-triplecolumns"><code>triplecolumns</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tt"><code>tt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ttfamily"><code>ttfamily</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-U">U</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uncatcodespecials"><code>uncatcodespecials</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-uncatcodespecials-1"><code>uncatcodespecials</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unorderedlist"><code>unorderedlist</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unorderedlistdepth"><code>unorderedlistdepth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unorderedmarker"><code>unorderedmarker</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-url"><code>url</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-url-_0028hyperlink-type_0029"><code>url <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-url-_0028hyperlink-type_0029-1"><code>url <span class="roman">(hyperlink type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-url-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>url <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-usepackage"><code>usepackage</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#The-_005cusepackage-command">The \usepackage command</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-V">V</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-varrowlength"><code>varrowlength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-varrowlength-1"><code>varrowlength</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vchannel"><code>vchannel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbatim"><code>verbatim</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbatimescapechar"><code>verbatimescapechar</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vgrid"><code>vgrid</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vgrid-1"><code>vgrid</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vline"><code>vline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposn"><code>vmorphposn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposn-1"><code>vmorphposn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposndn"><code>vmorphposndn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposndn-1"><code>vmorphposndn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposnlft"><code>vmorphposnlft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposnlft-1"><code>vmorphposnlft</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposnrt"><code>vmorphposnrt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposnrt-1"><code>vmorphposnrt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposnup"><code>vmorphposnup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vmorphposnup-1"><code>vmorphposnup</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagram-parameters">Commutative diagram parameters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vpenalty"><code>vpenalty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Mode_002dspecific-penalties">Mode-specific penalties</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vruledefaultwidth"><code>vruledefaultwidth</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Rules">Rules</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-W">W</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-width-_0028destination-option_0029"><code>width <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-width-_0028destination-option_0029-1"><code>width <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-width-_0028hyperlink-option_0029"><code>width <span class="roman">(hyperlink option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-writenumberedtocentry"><code>writenumberedtocentry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-writenumberedtocline"><code>writenumberedtocline</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-writetocentry"><code>writetocentry</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-X">X</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XeLaTeX-1"><code>XeLaTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XeTeX-1"><code>XeTeX</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xrdef"><code>xrdef</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-references">Page references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xrdef-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>xrdef <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xref"><code>xref</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-references">Page references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xref-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>xref <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xrefn"><code>xrefn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xrefn-_0028hyperlinks_0029"><code>xrefn <span class="roman">(hyperlinks)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xrefpageword"><code>xrefpageword</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-references">Page references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xrefpageword-1"><code>xrefpageword</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xrefwarning-conditional"><code>xrefwarning <span class="roman">conditional</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xrefwarningfalse"><code>xrefwarningfalse</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xrlabel"><code>xrlabel</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Converting-to-characters">Converting to characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xspaceskip_002c-reset-by-_005cragged_002e_002e_002e"><code>xspaceskip<span class="roman">, reset by <code>\ragged...</code></span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xyz-_0028destination-type_0029"><code>xyz <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xyz-_0028destination-type_0029-1"><code>xyz <span class="roman">(destination type)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Macro-index_fn_letter-Z">Z</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-zoom-_0028destination-option_0029"><code>zoom <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-zoom-_0028destination-option_0029-1"><code>zoom <span class="roman">(destination option)</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+</table>
+<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_symbol-1"><b>@</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<br>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-J"><b>J</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Macro-index_fn_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+</td></tr></table>
+
+<hr>
+<span id="Concept-index"></span><div class="header">
+<p>
+Previous: <a href="#Macro-index" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Macro index</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Macro-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+<span id="Concept-index-1"></span><h2 class="unnumbered">Concept index</h2>
+
+<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_symbol-1"><b>*</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_symbol-2"><b>.</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<br>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-J"><b>J</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+</td></tr></table>
+<table class="index-cp" border="0">
+<tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td>&nbsp;</td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_symbol-1">*</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-LaTeX-commands">*-form of LaTeX commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_symbol-2">.</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eaux-file"><code>.aux <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eaux-file-1"><code>.aux <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreferences">Cross-references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ebbl-file"><code>.bbl <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ebib-file"><code>.bib <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ebst-files"><code>.bst <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002ecls-files"><code>.cls <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eeps-files"><code>.eps <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eeps-files-1"><code>.eps <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002efmt-file"><code>.fmt <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002efmt-file-1"><code>.fmt <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eidx-files"><code>.idx <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eidx-files-1"><code>.idx <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eind-files"><code>.ind <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eind-files-1"><code>.ind <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epdf-files"><code>.pdf <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epdf-files-1"><code>.pdf <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epdf-files-2"><code>.pdf <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eps-files"><code>.ps <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002esty-files"><code>.sty <span class="roman">files</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file"><code>.toc <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contents">Contents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-A">A</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-active-characters">active characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-after-index-terms">after index terms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-alignments">alignments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables">Tables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-all-groups_002c-specifying">all groups, specifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-allocation-macros">allocation macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-alphanumeric-references">alphanumeric references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMSLaTeX">AMSLaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-amsppt_002esty"><code>amsppt.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMSTeX">AMSTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-AMSTeX-conflicts">AMSTeX conflicts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arguments_002c-ignoring">arguments, ignoring</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-arrows">arrows</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-atom">atom</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Properties">Properties</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-autopict_002esty"><code>autopict.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-auxiliary-files_002c-existence-of">auxiliary files, existence of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Auxiliary-files">Auxiliary files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-avoiding-boxed-links">avoiding boxed links</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-avoiding-boxed-links-1">avoiding boxed links</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-B">B</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-backslash-character">backslash character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-balancing-of-columns-with-_005csinglecolumn">balancing of columns with <code>\singlecolumn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl">Berry, Karl</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-beveled-hyperlink-border">beveled hyperlink border</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliographies">bibliographies</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography-fonts">bibliography fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography-items_002c-extra-space-between">bibliography items, extra space between</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-formatting-the">bibliography, formatting the</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-hyperlinks">bibliography, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibtex"><code>bibtex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BibTeX">BibTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-BibTeX-1">BibTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-black-boxes">black boxes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bookmarks_002c-making-PDF">bookmarks, making PDF</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Borceux_002c-Francis">Borceux, Francis</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-border-color_002c-hyperlink">border color, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-border-style_002c-hyperlink">border style, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-border-style_002c-hyperlink-1">border style, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-border-width_002c-hyperlink">border width, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Bott_002c-Raoul">Bott, Raoul</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boxed-links_002c-avoiding">boxed links, avoiding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boxed-links_002c-avoiding-1">boxed links, avoiding</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-boxes_002c-open">boxes, open</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-braces_002c-inside-index-entries">braces, inside index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-brackets_002c-inside-index-entries">brackets, inside index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Brockett_002c-Roger-W_002e">Brockett, Roger W.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Butterfly-Lemma">Butterfly Lemma</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-C">C</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Carlisle_002c-David">Carlisle, David</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-catcode-of-_0040">catcode of &lsquo;<samp>@</samp>&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-category-codes">category codes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centering">centering</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-characters_002c-converting-to">characters, converting to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Converting-to-characters">Converting to characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-characters_002c-special">characters, special</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-citations">citations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-citations_002c-formatting">citations, formatting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-citations">Formatting citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-citations_002c-hyperlinks">citations, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-citations_002c-undefined">citations, undefined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cmtt8"><code>cmtt8</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color">color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002c-demo">color, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002c-hyperlink-border">color, hyperlink border</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002c-hyperlinks">color, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002c-hyperlinks-1">color, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002c-hyperlinks-2">color, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002c-problems-with-pdfTeX">color, problems with pdfTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002esty"><code>color.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002esty-1"><code>color.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002esty-2"><code>color.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002esty-3"><code>color.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-color_002esty-4"><code>color.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-colored-links">colored links</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-colored-links-1">colored links</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-colored-links-2">colored links</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-column-balancing-with-_005csinglecolumn">column balancing with <code>\singlecolumn</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-column-eject">column eject</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commas-after-index-terms">commas after index terms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commas-in-cross_002dreferencing-index-entries">commas in cross-referencing index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-comments_002c-highlighting-in-listings">comments, highlighting in listings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-commutative-diagrams">commutative diagrams</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commutative-diagrams">Commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-contents">contents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contents">Contents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-contents_002c-and-verbatim-text">contents, and verbatim text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-contents_002c-hyperlinks">contents, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contents-hyperlinks">Contents hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ConTeXt">ConTeXt</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-continued-index-entries">continued index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-covering-homotopy-property">covering homotopy property</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences">cross-references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreferences">Cross-references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-defining-general">cross-references, defining general</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Defining-generic-references">Defining generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-defining-general-1">cross-references, defining general</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-demo">cross-references, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-hyperlinks">cross-references, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferencing-index-entries">cross-referencing index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cross_002dreferencing-index-entries-1">cross-referencing index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-CTRL_002dL_002c-and-verbatim-listing"><kbd>CTRL-L</kbd>, and verbatim listing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cube">cube</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-customizing-indexing">customizing indexing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-D">D</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dashed-hyperlink-border">dashed hyperlink border</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dashed-hyperlink-border-1">dashed hyperlink border</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-date">date</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Time-of-day">Time of day</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-default-hyperlink-options">default hyperlink options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-default-hyperlink-options-1">default hyperlink options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-default-hyperlink-type">default hyperlink type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-default-hyperlink-type-1">default hyperlink type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-defining-general-references">defining general references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Defining-generic-references">Defining generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-defining-general-references-1">defining general references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-definitions_002c-global">definitions, global</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-demo-files">demo files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Demo-files">Demo files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup">destgroup</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-options">destgroup options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-options-1">destgroup options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-options_002c-demo">destgroup options, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-type">destgroup type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-type-1">destgroup type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-type_002c-demo">destgroup type, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-_0060bib_0027">destgroup &lsquo;bib&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-_0060definexref_0027">destgroup &lsquo;definexref&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-_0060eq_0027">destgroup &lsquo;eq&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-_0060foot_0027">destgroup &lsquo;foot&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-_0060footback_0027">destgroup &lsquo;footback&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-_0060idx_0027">destgroup &lsquo;idx&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-_0060li_0027">destgroup &lsquo;li&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#List-hyperlinks">List hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destgroup-_0060xrdef_0027">destgroup &lsquo;xrdef&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-group">destination group</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-options">destination options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-options_002c-common">destination options, common</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-options_002c-dvipdfm">destination options, <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-options_002c-hypertex">destination options, <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-hypertex">Destination options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-options_002c-pdftex">destination options, <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-type">destination type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-types_002c-dvipdfm">destination types, <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-types_002c-hypertex">destination types, <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destination-types_002c-pdftex">destination types, <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-default-options">destinations, default options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-default-options-1">destinations, default options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-default-type">destinations, default type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-default-type-1">destinations, default type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-dimensions">destinations, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-dimensions-1">destinations, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-dimensions-2">destinations, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-dimensions-3">destinations, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-dimensions-4">destinations, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-dimensions-5">destinations, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-dimensions-6">destinations, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-disabling">destinations, disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-disabling-1">destinations, disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-group-options">destinations, group options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-group-options-1">destinations, group options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-group-options_002c-demo">destinations, group options, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-group-type">destinations, group type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-group-type-1">destinations, group type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-group-type_002c-demo">destinations, group type, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-in-another-file">destinations, in another file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-in-another-file-1">destinations, in another file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-in-another-file-2">destinations, in another file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-large-operators">destinations, large operators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-large-operators-1">destinations, large operators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-magnification">destinations, magnification</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-named">destinations, named</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-named-1">destinations, named</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-numbered">destinations, numbered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-page">destinations, page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-raising">destinations, raising</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-URL">destinations, <acronym>URL</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-destinations_002c-URL-1">destinations, <acronym>URL</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-detecting-numbers">detecting numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-diagnostics">diagnostics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Diagram_002c-macros-for-LaTeX">Diagram, macros for LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink">dimensions, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-1">dimensions, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-2">dimensions, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination">dimensions, hyperlink destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-1">dimensions, hyperlink destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-2">dimensions, hyperlink destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-3">dimensions, hyperlink destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-4">dimensions, hyperlink destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-5">dimensions, hyperlink destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dimensions_002c-hyperlink-destination-6">dimensions, hyperlink destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-disabling-hyperlinks">disabling hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-disabling-hyperlinks-1">disabling hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-disabling-indexes">disabling indexes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displayed-math-and-hyperlinks">displayed math and hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displayed-math-and-hyperlinks-1">displayed math and hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-displays_002c-left_002djustifying">displays, left-justifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-do_2026while-loops">do&hellip;while loops</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-double-column-output">double column output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-double-columns-in-indexes">double columns in indexes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-draft_002c-option-for-graphics_002esty"><code>draft</code>, option for <samp>graphics.sty</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-driver-dvipdfm">driver <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-driver-hypertex">driver <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-driver-nolinks">driver <code>nolinks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-driver-pdftex">driver <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-drivers_002c-hyperlink">drivers, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfm"><code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfm-1"><code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfm-2"><code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfm_002c-destination-options"><code>dvipdfm</code>, destination options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfm_002c-destination-types"><code>dvipdfm</code>, destination types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfm_002c-hyperlink-driver"><code>dvipdfm</code>, hyperlink driver</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfm_002c-link-options"><code>dvipdfm</code>, link options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvipdfm_002c-link-types"><code>dvipdfm</code>, link types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvips"><code>dvips</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvips-1"><code>dvips</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-dvips_002c-making-PDF-outlines-for"><code>dvips</code>, making PDF outlines for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-E">E</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Eijkhout_002c-Victor">Eijkhout, Victor</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eject-in-multicolumns">eject in multicolumns</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-electronic-mail-addresses_002c-breaking">electronic mail addresses, breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paths">Paths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-electronic-mail-addresses_002c-breaking-1">electronic mail addresses, breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-empty-argument_002c-checking-for">empty argument, checking for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifempty">\ifempty</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-empty-equation-labels">empty equation labels</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-empty-equation-labels_002c-referring-to">empty equation labels, referring to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-empty-string_002c-checking-for">empty string, checking for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifempty">\ifempty</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Encapsulated-PostScript">Encapsulated PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Encapsulated-PostScript-1">Encapsulated PostScript</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-environments_002c-user_002ddefined">environments, user-defined</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#User_002ddefined-environments">User-defined environments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Eplain_002c-installing">Eplain, installing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Eplain_002c-invoking">Eplain, invoking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Eplain_002c-purpose-of">Eplain, purpose of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Eplain_002c-upgrading">Eplain, upgrading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eplain_002eaux"><code>eplain.aux</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eplain_002efmt"><code>eplain.fmt</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EPS"><acronym>EPS</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-EPS-1"><acronym>EPS</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-epstopdf"><code>epstopdf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-epstopdf_002esty"><code>epstopdf.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equation-labels_002c-characters-valid-in">equation labels, characters valid in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equation-numbers_002c-formatting-of">equation numbers, formatting of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-equation-references">Formatting equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equation-numbers_002c-left_002dalignment">equation numbers, left-alignment</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equations_002c-giving-numbers-to-all">equations, giving numbers to all</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equations_002c-groups-of">equations, groups of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subequation-references">Subequation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equations_002c-hyperlinks">equations, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equations_002c-numbering">equations, numbering</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-equations_002c-references-to">equations, references to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-error-messages">error messages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-error-on-_005cinput">error on <code>\input</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-escape-character_002c-changing-verbatim">escape character, changing verbatim</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-eTeX">eTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-exact-index-hyperlinks">exact index hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-expansion_002c-one_002dlevel">expansion, one-level</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cexpandonce">\expandonce</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-explicit-hyperlinks">explicit hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-explicit-hyperlinks_002c-demo">explicit hyperlinks, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ExTeX">ExTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-F">F</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file_002c-hyperlink-to">file, hyperlink to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file_002c-hyperlink-to-1">file, hyperlink to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file_002c-hyperlink-to-2">file, hyperlink to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-file_003a-links">&lsquo;<samp>file:</samp>&rsquo; links</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filenames_002c-breaking">filenames, breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paths">Paths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filenames_002c-breaking-1">filenames, breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-files_002c-verbatim-listing-of">files, verbatim listing of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-files_002c-verbatim-listing-of_002c-demo">files, verbatim listing of, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-filtering-index-entries-with-hyperlinks">filtering index entries with hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-hyperlinks">footnotes, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-footnotes_002c-numbered">footnotes, numbered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnotes">Footnotes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-for-loops">for loops</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-form-feed-character_002c-and-verbatim-listing">form feed character, and verbatim listing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-format-file">format file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-formatting-index-entries">formatting index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-fractions">fractions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Fractions">Fractions</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-G">G</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ghostscript"><code><span class="roman">Ghostscript</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Ghostscript-1"><code><span class="roman">Ghostscript</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-gobbling-arguments">gobbling arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-golden-mean">golden mean</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-golden-mean-1">golden mean</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Graham_002c-Ronald-L_002e">Graham, Ronald L.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics-collection_002c-LaTeX">graphics collection, LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics-collection_002c-LaTeX-1">graphics collection, LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics-collection_002c-LaTeX-2">graphics collection, LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics-collection_002c-LaTeX_002c-demo">graphics collection, LaTeX, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-omitting-typesetting-of">graphics, omitting typesetting of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics_002c-problems-with-pdfTeX">graphics, problems with pdfTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphics_002esty"><code>graphics.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphicx_002esty"><code>graphicx.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-graphicx_002esty-1"><code>graphicx.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-grid">grid</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-option-list">group option list</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-options_002c-hyperlink">group options, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-options_002c-hyperlink-1">group options, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-options_002c-hyperlink_002c-demo">group options, hyperlink, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-type_002c-hyperlink">group type, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-type_002c-hyperlink-1">group type, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-type_002c-hyperlink_002c-demo">group type, hyperlink, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060_0027-_0028empty_0029">group &lsquo;&rsquo; (empty)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060_002a_0027">group &lsquo;*&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060bib_0027">group &lsquo;bib&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060cite_0027">group &lsquo;cite&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060definexref_0027">group &lsquo;definexref&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060eq_0027">group &lsquo;eq&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060eq_0027-1">group &lsquo;eq&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060eq_0027-2">group &lsquo;eq&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060foot_0027">group &lsquo;foot&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060footback_0027">group &lsquo;footback&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060hrefext_0027">group &lsquo;hrefext&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060hrefint_0027">group &lsquo;hrefint&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060idx_0027">group &lsquo;idx&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060li_0027">group &lsquo;li&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#List-hyperlinks">List hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060ref_0027">group &lsquo;ref&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060url_0027">group &lsquo;url&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060xrdef_0027">group &lsquo;xrdef&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group-_0060xref_0027">group &lsquo;xref&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group_002c-destination">group, destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group_002c-disabling-hyperlinks">group, disabling hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group">Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group_002c-link">group, link</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-group_002c-preserving-option-list">group, preserving option list</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-groups_002c-specifying-all">groups, specifying all</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-H">H</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hanging-on-_005cinput">hanging on <code>\input</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-help-messages">help messages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-highlight-modes_002c-hyperlink">highlight modes, hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-highlighting">highlighting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-highlighting_002c-in-listings">highlighting, in listings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Hoppner_002c-Klaus">H&ouml;ppner, Klaus</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hooks">hooks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hooks">Hooks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-border-color">hyperlink border color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-color">hyperlink color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-color-1">hyperlink color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-color-2">hyperlink color</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-default-types-and-options">Setting default types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions">hyperlink destination, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-1">hyperlink destination, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-2">hyperlink destination, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-3">hyperlink destination, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-4">hyperlink destination, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-5">hyperlink destination, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-dimensions-6">hyperlink destination, dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-magnification">hyperlink destination, magnification</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-named">hyperlink destination, named</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-named-1">hyperlink destination, named</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-numbered">hyperlink destination, numbered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-page">hyperlink destination, page</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-destination_002c-raising">hyperlink destination, raising</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-dimensions">hyperlink dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-dimensions-1">hyperlink dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-dimensions-2">hyperlink dimensions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-driver-dvipdfm">hyperlink driver <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-driver-hypertex">hyperlink driver <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-driver-nolinks">hyperlink driver <code>nolinks</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-driver-pdftex">hyperlink driver <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-drivers">hyperlink drivers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-group_002c-disabling-hyperlinks">hyperlink group, disabling hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff-for-a-group">Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-group_002c-preserving-option-list">hyperlink group, preserving option list</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlink-options_002c-common">hyperlink options, common</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-bibliography">hyperlinks, bibliography</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-border-style">hyperlinks, border style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-border-style-1">hyperlinks, border style</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-border-width">hyperlinks, border width</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-citations">hyperlinks, citations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-cross_002dreferences">hyperlinks, cross-references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-default-options">hyperlinks, default options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-default-options-1">hyperlinks, default options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-default-type">hyperlinks, default type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-default-type-1">hyperlinks, default type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-demo">hyperlinks, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-disabling">hyperlinks, disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-disabling-1">hyperlinks, disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-equations">hyperlinks, equations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-explicit">hyperlinks, explicit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Explicit-hyperlinks">Explicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-explicit_002c-demo">hyperlinks, explicit, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-filtering-index-entries">hyperlinks, filtering index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-footnotes">hyperlinks, footnotes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-group-option-list">hyperlinks, group option list</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-group-options">hyperlinks, group options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-group-options-1">hyperlinks, group options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-group-options_002c-demo">hyperlinks, group options, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-group-type">hyperlinks, group type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-group-type-1">hyperlinks, group type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-highlight-mode">hyperlinks, highlight mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-implicit">hyperlinks, implicit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-implicit_002c-demo">hyperlinks, implicit, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-index">hyperlinks, index</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-index-destination-placement">hyperlinks, index destination placement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-index_002c-exact">hyperlinks, index, exact</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-large-operators">hyperlinks, large operators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-large-operators-1">hyperlinks, large operators</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-lists">hyperlinks, lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#List-hyperlinks">List hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-opening-in-a-new-window">hyperlinks, opening in a new window</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-page-references">hyperlinks, page references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-preserving-page_002dbreaking">hyperlinks, preserving page-breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-preserving-spacing">hyperlinks, preserving spacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-see-and-see-also-index-entries">hyperlinks, see and see also index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries">Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-table-of-contents">hyperlinks, table of contents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contents-hyperlinks">Contents hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-to-another-file">hyperlinks, to another file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-to-another-file-1">hyperlinks, to another file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-to-another-file-2">hyperlinks, to another file</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-URL">hyperlinks, <acronym>URL</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-URL-1">hyperlinks, <acronym>URL</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-URL-2">hyperlinks, <acronym>URL</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperlinks_002c-URL-3">hyperlinks, <acronym>URL</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hyperref_002esty"><code>hyperref.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-not-to-work">Packages known not to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertex_002c-destination-options"><code>hypertex</code>, destination options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-hypertex">Destination options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertex_002c-destination-types"><code>hypertex</code>, destination types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertex_002c-hyperlink-driver"><code>hypertex</code>, hyperlink driver</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertex_002c-link-options"><code>hypertex</code>, link options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-hypertex">Link options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertex_002c-link-types"><code>hypertex</code>, link types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-hypertext-links">hypertext links</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks">Hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-I">I</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-identifying-numbers">identifying numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-idxuniq"><code>idxuniq</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ifpdf_002esty"><code>ifpdf.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ignoring-arguments">ignoring arguments</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-implicit-hyperlinks">implicit hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-implicit-hyperlinks_002c-demo">implicit hyperlinks, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-inaccessible-macros">inaccessible macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries-and-ranges">index entries and ranges</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries-containing-braces">index entries containing braces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries-containing-brackets">index entries containing brackets</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries-with-special-characters">index entries with special characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries_0027-page-numbers_002c-modifying">index entries&rsquo; page numbers, modifying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-and-cross_002dreferencing">index entries, and cross-referencing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-and-cross_002dreferencing-1">index entries, and cross-referencing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-proofing">index entries, proofing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entries_002c-with-verbatim-text">index entries, with verbatim text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entry-continuations">index entry continuations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entry-formatting">index entry formatting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-entry-general-sorting">index entry general sorting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-fonts">index fonts</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-groupings">index groupings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-hyperlink">index hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index-typesetting">index typesetting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index_002c-and-verbatim-text">index, and verbatim text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index_002c-choosing-destination-placement">index, choosing destination placement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index_002c-destination-placement">index, destination placement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index_002c-exact-hyperlinks">index, exact hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Exact-destinations-for-index-terms">Exact destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index_002c-hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries">index, hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries">Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index_002c-parsing-page-numbers">index, parsing page numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">Page destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index_002c-placement-of-destinations">index, placement of destinations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index_002c-selecting-destination-placement">index, selecting destination placement</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Choosing-destination-placement">Choosing destination placement</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-index_002c-underlining-page-numbers">index, underlining page numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexes_002c-disabling">indexes, disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexes_002c-multiple">indexes, multiple</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexing">indexing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexing-and-trailing-spaces">indexing and trailing spaces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-terms">Indexing terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexing-commands">indexing commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-indexing-terms">indexing terms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-terms">Indexing terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-insertion-classes">insertion classes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-inset-hyperlink-border">inset hyperlink border</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-installation">installation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-integers_002c-detecting">integers, detecting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-italic-correction">italic correction</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-bibliographies">Formatting bibliographies</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-item-labels_002c-changing">item labels, changing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-iteration">iteration</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-J">J</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-justification">justification</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-K">K</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-Ervin">Knuth, Donald Ervin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-Ervin-1">Knuth, Donald Ervin</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-L">L</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-labels-on-items_002c-changing">labels on items, changing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-labels_002c-characters-valid-in">labels, characters valid in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreferences">Cross-references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-labels_002c-empty-equation">labels, empty equation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-labels_002c-empty-equation_002c-referring-to">labels, empty equation, referring to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-references">Equation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lamport_002c-Leslie">Lamport, Leslie</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LAMSTeX">LAMSTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lang_002c-Serge">Lang, Serge</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lang_002c-Serge-1">Lang, Serge</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-large-operators-and-hyperlinks">large operators and hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-large-operators-and-hyperlinks-1">large operators and hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX">LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-1">LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-2">LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-3">LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors">Slanted lines and vectors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-commands_002c-in-btxmac_002etex">LaTeX commands, in <samp>btxmac.tex</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Commands-from-LaTeX">Commands from LaTeX</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-graphics-collection">LaTeX graphics collection</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-graphics-collection-1">LaTeX graphics collection</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-graphics-collection-2">LaTeX graphics collection</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-graphics-collection_002c-demo">LaTeX graphics collection, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-packages">LaTeX packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-packages-1">LaTeX packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-packages-2">LaTeX packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-not-to-work">Packages known not to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-packages_002c-restoring-_005cinput">LaTeX packages, restoring <code>\input</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left_002dalignment-of-equation-numbers">left-alignment of equation numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left_002djustification">left-justification</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left_002djustification-of-displays">left-justification of displays</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letterspacing">letterspacing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linear-systems-theory">linear systems theory</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lines">lines</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors">Slanted lines and vectors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-group">link group</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-options">link options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-options_002c-common">link options, common</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-options_002c-dvipdfm">link options, <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-options_002c-hypertex">link options, <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-hypertex">Link options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-options_002c-pdftex">link options, <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-type">link type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-types_002c-dvipdfm">link types, <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-types_002c-hypertex">link types, <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link-types_002c-pdftex">link types, <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link_002c-group-options">link, group options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link_002c-group-options-1">link, group options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link_002c-group-options_002c-demo">link, group options, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link_002c-group-type">link, group type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-link_002c-group-type-1">link, group type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup">linkgroup</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Implicit-hyperlinks">Implicit hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-options">linkgroup options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-options-1">linkgroup options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-options_002c-demo">linkgroup options, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-type">linkgroup type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-hyperlink-types-and-options">Setting hyperlink types and options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-type-1">linkgroup type</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-types">Setting group types</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060cite_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;cite&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citation-hyperlinks">Citation hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060eq_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;eq&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Equation-reference-hyperlinks">Equation reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060eq_0027-1">linkgroup &lsquo;eq&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060foot_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;foot&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060footback_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;footback&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-hyperlinks">Footnote hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060hrefext_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;hrefext&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060hrefint_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;hrefint&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060idx_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;idx&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060ref_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;ref&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Cross_002dreference-hyperlinks">Cross-reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060url_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;url&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-linkgroup-_0060xref_0027">linkgroup &lsquo;xref&rsquo;</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext">links, hypertext</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks">Hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-list-of-figures">list of figures</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Alternative-contents-files">Alternative contents files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-list-of-tables">list of tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Alternative-contents-files">Alternative contents files</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-listing-files">listing files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-listing-files_002c-demo">listing files, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lists">lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lists_002c-formatting">lists, formatting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Formatting-lists">Formatting lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lists_002c-hyperlinks">lists, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#List-hyperlinks">List hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-loading-packages_002c-environment-for">loading packages, environment for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logos">logos</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lookahead-without-spaces">lookahead without spaces</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfuturenonspacelet">\futurenonspacelet</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-loops">loops</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lscommnt_002etex"><code>lscommnt.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-M">M</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-magnification_002c-hyperlink-destination">magnification, hyperlink destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-makeindex"><code>makeindex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-makeindex-1"><code>makeindex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-makeindex-2"><code>makeindex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-hyperlinks">Index hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-margins_002c-changing">margins, changing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Margins">Margins</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-margins_002c-index-terms-in">margins, index terms in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathematics-displays_002c-formatting">mathematics displays, formatting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Displays">Displays</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathematics-displays_002c-hyperlinks">mathematics displays, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-mathematics-displays_002c-hyperlinks-1">mathematics displays, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Metafont">Metafont</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-microtype_002esty"><code>microtype.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-not-to-work">Packages known not to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-miniltx_002etex"><code>miniltx.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-minimal-realizations">minimal realizations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-modifying-index-entries_0027-page-numbers">modifying index entries&rsquo; page numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-morphisms">morphisms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiple-column-output">multiple column output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-multiple-indexes">multiple indexes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-N">N</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-named-destination">named destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-named-destination-1">named destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-names_002c-of-TeX-variants">names, of TeX variants</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-new-window_002c-opening-hyperlink-in">new window, opening hyperlink in</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-newlinechar">newlinechar</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-newlines_002c-obeying">newlines, obeying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Obeying-spaces">Obeying spaces</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-nolinks_002c-hyperlink-driver"><code>nolinks</code>, hyperlink driver</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numbered-destination">numbered destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numbered-lists">numbered lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numbered-references">numbered references</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numbers_002c-detecting">numbers, detecting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numbers_002c-written-form-of">numbers, written form of</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-out-numbers">Writing out numbers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-O">O</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Oberdiek_002c-Heiko">Oberdiek, Heiko</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-omitting-hyperlinks">omitting hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-omitting-hyperlinks-1">omitting hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Turning-hyperlinks-on_002foff">Turning hyperlinks on/off</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-omitting-typesetting-of-graphics">omitting typesetting of graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-open-boxes">open boxes</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-option-list_002c-group">option list, group</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-option-list_002c-preserving-for-group">option list, preserving for group</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-destination_002c-common">options, destination, common</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-destination_002c-dvipdfm">options, destination, <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-destination_002c-hypertex">options, destination, <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-hypertex">Destination options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-destination_002c-pdftex">options, destination, <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-link-and-destination">options, link and destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-link_002c-common">options, link, common</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-link_002c-dvipdfm">options, link, <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-link_002c-hypertex">options, link, <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-hypertex">Link options for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-link_002c-pdftex">options, link, <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ordered-list">ordered list</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-outlines_002c-making-PDF">outlines, making PDF</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-output-routine-and-index-proofing">output routine and index proofing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-overstriking">overstriking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-P">P</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-packages_002c-LaTeX">packages, LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-packages_002c-LaTeX-1">packages, LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-packages_002c-LaTeX-2">packages, LaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-not-to-work">Packages known not to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-destination">page destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-list_002c-parsing">page list, parsing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">Page destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-range_002c-parsing">page range, parsing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">Page destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page-reference-hyperlink">page reference hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-reference-hyperlinks">Page reference hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-page_002dbreaking_002c-preserving-with-hyperlinks">page-breaking, preserving with hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parsing-page-numbers">parsing page numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-destinations-for-index-terms">Page destinations for index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Patashnik_002c-Oren">Patashnik, Oren</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pathnames_002c-breaking">pathnames, breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paths">Paths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pathnames_002c-breaking-1">pathnames, breaking</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF"><acronym>PDF</acronym></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-outlines-_0028a_002ek_002ea_002e-bookmarks_0029">PDF outlines (a.k.a. bookmarks)</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PDF-output"><acronym>PDF</acronym> output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex"><code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex-1"><code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex-2"><code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex_002c-destination-options"><code>pdftex</code>, destination options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex_002c-destination-types"><code>pdftex</code>, destination types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex_002c-hyperlink-driver"><code>pdftex</code>, hyperlink driver</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-drivers-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex_002c-link-options"><code>pdftex</code>, link options</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex_002c-link-types"><code>pdftex</code>, link types</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdftex_002c-making-PDF-outlines-for"><code>pdftex</code>, making PDF outlines for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-PDF-outlines">Making PDF outlines</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfTeX_002c-problems-using-color-and-graphics">pdfTeX, problems using color and graphics</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfTeX_002c-problems-with-supp_002dmis_002etex">pdfTeX, problems with <samp>supp-mis.tex</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pict2e_002esty"><code>pict2e.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-not-to-work">Packages known not to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-picture-mode">picture mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-picture-mode-1">picture mode</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors">Slanted lines and vectors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Portable-Document-Format">Portable Document Format</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-point">PostScript point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-point-1">PostScript point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-PostScript-point-2">PostScript point</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-proofing-index-terms">proofing index terms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Proofing-index-terms">Proofing index terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-properties">properties</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Properties">Properties</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ps2pdf"><code>ps2pdf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ps2pdf-1"><code>ps2pdf</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-psfrag_002esty"><code>psfrag.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-Q">Q</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-quadruple-column-output">quadruple column output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-R">R</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Rahtz_002c-Sebastian">Rahtz, Sebastian</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Loading-LaTeX-packages">Loading LaTeX packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raising-hyperlink-destinations">raising hyperlink destinations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Options-supported-by-all-drivers">Options supported by all drivers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-raising-hyperlink-destinations-1">raising hyperlink destinations</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Setting-group-options">Setting group options</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ranges-and-index-entry">ranges and index entry</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-recognizing-numbers">recognizing numbers</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rectangles">rectangles</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Boxes">Boxes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-references_002c-alphanumeric">references, alphanumeric</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-references_002c-defining-general">references, defining general</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Defining-generic-references">Defining generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-references_002c-defining-general-1">references, defining general</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-generic-references">Using generic references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-references_002c-numbered">references, numbered</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-register-allocation">register allocation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Allocation-macros">Allocation macros</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-restoring-_005cinput_002c-LaTeX-packages">restoring <code>\input</code>, LaTeX packages</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Environment-for-loading-packages">Environment for loading packages</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-return-character">return character</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right_002djustification">right-justification</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Justification">Justification</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rms">rms</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rotation">rotation</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rotation_002c-demo">rotation, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-rule-thickness">rule thickness</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Rules">Rules</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-run_003a-links">&lsquo;<samp>run:</samp>&rsquo; links</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-S">S</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling">scaling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-scaling_002c-demo">scaling, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sed"><code>sed</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-see-also-index-entries-and-hyperlinks">see also index entries and hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries">Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-see-also-index-entries-and-sorting">see also index entries and sorting</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-see_002c-and-index-entries">see, and index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modifying-index-entries">Modifying index entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-see_002c-and-index-entries-1">see, and index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-see_002c-and-index-entries_002c-hyperlinks">see, and index entries, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-in-see-and-see-also-entries">Hyperlinks in see and see also entries</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-silent-indexing">silent indexing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-terms">Indexing terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-skipping-tokens">skipping tokens</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifundefined">\ifundefined</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-skipping-tokens-1">skipping tokens</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifempty">\ifempty</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-SLiTeX">SLiTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Snake-Lemma">Snake Lemma</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Arrows-and-morphisms">Arrows and morphisms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-solid-hyperlink-border">solid hyperlink border</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sorting-an-index">sorting an index</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-sorting-of-index-entries">sorting of index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-soul_002esty"><code>soul.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-space-above-index-entries">space above index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-ignoring">spaces, ignoring</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cfuturenonspacelet">\futurenonspacelet</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-obeying">spaces, obeying</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Obeying-spaces">Obeying spaces</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spaces_002c-trailing-and-indexing-commands">spaces, trailing and indexing commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-terms">Indexing terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing-out">spacing out</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-spacing_002c-preserving-with-hyperlinks">spacing, preserving with hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-special-characters">special characters</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-special-characters_002c-in-index-entries">special characters, in index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-special-characters_002c-in-table-of-contents">special characters, in table of contents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Stallman_002c-Richard">Stallman, Richard</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-striking-out">striking out</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-style_002c-hyperlink-border">style, hyperlink border</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subequations_002c-referring-to">subequations, referring to</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subequation-references">Subequation references</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-subterm-in-indexing">subterm in indexing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-terms">Indexing terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-supp_002dmis_002etex_002c-problems-with-pdfTeX"><code>supp-mis.tex<span class="roman">, problems with pdfTeX</span></code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-supp_002dpdf_002etex"><code>supp-pdf.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-T">T</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents">table of contents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contents">Contents</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-and-verbatim-text">table of contents, and verbatim text</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-hyperlinks">table of contents, hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Contents-hyperlinks">Contents hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-short">table of contents, short</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reading-the-_002etoc-file">Reading the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table-of-contents_002c-short-1">table of contents, short</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Macro-arguments">Macro arguments</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tables">tables</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables">Tables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tabs">tabs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Obeying-spaces">Obeying spaces</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX-by-Topic"><i>TeX by Topic</i></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX-Frequently-Asked-Questions">TeX Frequently Asked Questions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifinteger-and-_005cisinteger">\ifinteger and \isinteger</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXFORMATS"><code>TEXFORMATS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texi2dvi"><code>texi2dvi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Invoking-Eplain">Invoking Eplain</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texi2dvi-1"><code>texi2dvi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Citations">Citations</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texi2dvi-2"><code>texi2dvi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing">Indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Texinfo">Texinfo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-texnames_002esty"><code>texnames.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-time-of-day">time of day</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Time-of-day">Time of day</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-toc-files_002c-writing-several"><code>toc</code> files, writing several</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name">Changing the .toc file's root name</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tracing">tracing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trailing-spaces-and-indexing-commands">trailing spaces and indexing commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-terms">Indexing terms</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trimsee"><code>trimsee</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Customizing-indexing">Customizing indexing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-triple-column-output">triple column output</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-columns">Multiple columns</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Tu_002c-Loring-W_002e">Tu, Loring W.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TUGboat"><i>TUGboat</i></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-type_002c-link-and-destination">type, link and destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-hyperlinks">Introduction to hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-types_002c-destination_002c-dvipdfm">types, destination, <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-types_002c-destination_002c-hypertex">types, destination, <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-hypertex">Destination types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-types_002c-destination_002c-pdftex">types, destination, <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-types_002c-link_002c-dvipdfm">types, link, <code>dvipdfm</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-types_002c-link_002c-hypertex">types, link, <code>hypertex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-types_002c-link_002c-pdftex">types, link, <code>pdftex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typesetting-an-index">typesetting an index</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Typesetting-an-index">Typesetting an index</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-U">U</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-undefined-control-sequence_002c-checking-for">undefined control sequence, checking for</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cifundefined">\ifundefined</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-undefined-labels_002c-warnings-about">undefined labels, warnings about</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underline-hyperlink-border">underline hyperlink border</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underlining">underlining</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-underlining-page-numbers-in-index">underlining page numbers in index</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-list-and-page-range-parsers">Page list and page range parsers</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-universal-mapping-property">universal mapping property</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-unordered-lists">unordered lists</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Lists">Lists</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-upgrading">upgrading</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL-for-path_002esty"><acronym>URL</acronym> for <samp>path.sty</samp></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Paths">Paths</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL-for-pdfTeX"><acronym>URL</acronym> for pdfTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Checking-for-PDF-output">Checking for PDF output</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL-hyperlink"><acronym>URL</acronym> hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#General-hyperlinks">General hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL-hyperlink-1"><acronym>URL</acronym> hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL-hyperlink-2"><acronym>URL</acronym> hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-hypertex">Link types for hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-URL-hyperlink-3"><acronym>URL</acronym> hyperlink</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-types-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-url_002esty"><code>url.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-to-work">Packages known to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-url_002esty-1"><code>url.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#URL-hyperlinks">URL hyperlinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-url_002esty-2"><code>url.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-user_002dinaccessible-macros">user-inaccessible macros</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Category-codes">Category codes</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-V">V</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-vectors">vectors</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Slanted-lines-and-vectors">Slanted lines and vectors</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbatim-listing">verbatim listing</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Verbatim-listing">Verbatim listing</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbatim-listing_002c-demo">verbatim listing, demo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Highlighting-TeX-comments-in-listings-_0028lscommnt_002etex_0029">Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbatim-text_002c-in-index">verbatim text, in index</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Index-entries-with-special-characters">Index entries with special characters</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbatim-text_002c-in-table-of-contents">verbatim text, in table of contents</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Writing-the-_002etoc-file">Writing the .toc file</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-version-number">version number</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-W">W</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Walden_002c-David">Walden, David</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Warner_002c-Frank-W_002e">Warner, Frank W.</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-whatsits-made-by-hyperlinks">whatsits made by hyperlinks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-nolinks">Hyperlink driver nolinks</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-whatsits-made-by-index-entries">whatsits made by index entries</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexing-commands">Indexing commands</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-while-loops">while loops</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Iteration">Iteration</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-whitespace">whitespace</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Obeying-spaces">Obeying spaces</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-width_002c-hyperlink-border">width, hyperlink border</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Link-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-writing-several-toc-files">writing several <code>toc</code> files</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Changing-the-_002etoc-file_0027s-root-name">Changing the .toc file's root name</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-X">X</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xcolor_002esty"><code>xcolor.sty</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Packages-known-not-to-work">Packages known not to work</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xdvi"><code>xdvi</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlink-driver-hypertex">Hyperlink driver hypertex</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XeLaTeX">XeLaTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xeplain_002etex"><code>xeplain.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XeTeX">XeTeX</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Logos">Logos</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xhyper_002etex"><code>xhyper.tex</code></a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Hyperlinks-_0028xhyper_002etex_0029">Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+<tr><th id="Concept-index_cp_letter-Z">Z</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Zassenhaus_002c-Hans">Zassenhaus, Hans</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Construction-of-commutative-diagrams">Construction of commutative diagrams</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-zooming_002c-hyperlink-destination">zooming, hyperlink destination</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td valign="top"><a href="#Destination-options-for-pdftex-and-dvipdfm">Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr>
+</table>
+<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_symbol-1"><b>*</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_symbol-2"><b>.</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<br>
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-G"><b>G</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-J"><b>J</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-K"><b>K</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-N"><b>N</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-Q"><b>Q</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-R"><b>R</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-T"><b>T</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-U"><b>U</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-V"><b>V</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-X"><b>X</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+<a class="summary-letter" href="#Concept-index_cp_letter-Z"><b>Z</b></a>
+ &nbsp;
+</td></tr></table>
+
+
+<hr>
+
+
+
+</body>
+</html>