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author | Norbert Preining <norbert@preining.info> | 2024-02-01 03:00:51 +0000 |
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committer | Norbert Preining <norbert@preining.info> | 2024-02-01 03:00:51 +0000 |
commit | a494a509f3f4a13a450c898488155f7aa5353bd3 (patch) | |
tree | ab11a3116dfe36f273b0eefe1a7abb556253a9c8 /info | |
parent | 79e1bbc1ad6b308aa2074540b2afd43b6a72ce03 (diff) |
CTAN sync 202402010300
Diffstat (limited to 'info')
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l--------- | info/whatstex/lit.dat | 1 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | info/whatstex/lit.sel | 124 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | info/whatstex/wots.tex | 2956 |
303 files changed, 0 insertions, 3082 deletions
diff --git a/info/examples/tex-in-practice b/info/examples/tex-in-practice deleted file mode 120000 index 71c9f5d5ab..0000000000 --- a/info/examples/tex-in-practice +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -tip
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--git a/info/examples/tip/vcentx.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vcentx.tip index d272a7da1c..d272a7da1c 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/vcentx.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vcentx.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verb-bas.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb-bas.tip index dccaa8c1f3..dccaa8c1f3 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/verb-bas.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb-bas.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verb-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb-mac.tip index db3a3a1261..db3a3a1261 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/verb-mac.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb-mac.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verb.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb.tip index 43236cd845..43236cd845 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/verb.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verbdisp.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verbdisp.tip index 9cf598d474..9cf598d474 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/verbdisp.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verbdisp.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verbwr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verbwr.tip index e243f82bcf..e243f82bcf 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/verbwr.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verbwr.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/vsmax.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vsmax.tip index bc9eab50f2..bc9eab50f2 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/vsmax.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vsmax.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/vtbox.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vtbox.tip index ee50844163..ee50844163 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/vtbox.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vtbox.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/vwrt-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vwrt-mac.tip index 7490427317..7490427317 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/vwrt-mac.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vwrt-mac.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/weekofyr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/weekofyr.tip index 071eb36e35..071eb36e35 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/weekofyr.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/weekofyr.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/widestc.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/widestc.tip index 7e077b9248..7e077b9248 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/widestc.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/widestc.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/wl-parcp.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wl-parcp.tip index ac9b462a23..ac9b462a23 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/wl-parcp.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wl-parcp.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/wrtoc.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wrtoc.tip index 11267744de..11267744de 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/wrtoc.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wrtoc.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/wrverbar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wrverbar.tip index 2e327c44cb..2e327c44cb 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/wrverbar.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wrverbar.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/wtolist.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wtolist.tip index 1919568d70..1919568d70 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/wtolist.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wtolist.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/x-parsh.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/x-parsh.tip index 63f30a6a02..63f30a6a02 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/x-parsh.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/x-parsh.tip diff --git a/info/examples/tip/yearcal.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/yearcal.tip index c9ce2d2b18..c9ce2d2b18 100644 --- a/info/examples/tip/yearcal.tip +++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/yearcal.tip diff --git a/info/whatstex/lit.dat b/info/whatstex/lit.dat deleted file mode 120000 index 1f6378b9c6..0000000000 --- a/info/whatstex/lit.dat +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -../../macros/blu/lit.dat
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/info/whatstex/lit.sel b/info/whatstex/lit.sel deleted file mode 100644 index c86c021f8e..0000000000 --- a/info/whatstex/lit.sel +++ /dev/null @@ -1,124 +0,0 @@ -%The list of selected references: -%Target Overview.tex 30 sept 93 -%\ls\amsa -\ls\amsb -\ls\amsc -\ls\amsd -\ls\amse -\ls\amsf -\ls\amsg -\ls\amsh -\ls\amsi -\ls\amsj -\ls\aps -\ls\beebenhfa -\ls\beebenhfb -\ls\beebenhfc -\ls\beebenhfd -\ls\beetonbn -\ls\bestr -\ls\bodenheimerb -\ls\botwaylc -\ls\braamsjl -\ls\bruinr -\ls\bryanm -\ls\buergerd -\ls\chemtex -\ls\cheswickb -\ls\clarkmb -\ls\clarkmc -\ls\clarkmd -\ls\cms -\ls\commacm -\ls\dobrowolskiae -\ls\dolw -\ls\doobma -\ls\drilcon -\ls\durstlka -\ls\durstlkc -\ls\dysonmc -\ls\furutar -\ls\goossensma -\ls\goossensmb -\ls\greenwadegd -\ls\haralambousy -\ls\hendersondb -\ls\herwijnene -\ls\hoenigaj -\ls\hoenigajc -\ls\hoenigajd -\ls\hooverazb -\ls\hooverazc -\ls\horakk -\ls\hornbkp -\ls\hosekd -\ls\jonesdm -\ls\kelleram -\ls\knuthdecb -\ls\knuthdecc -\ls\knuthded -\ls\knuthdee -\ls\knuthdeg -\ls\knuthdeib -\ls\knuthdej -\ls\kolodziejska -\ls\kopkah -\ls\laancga -\ls\laancgc -\ls\laancgd -\ls\laancge -\ls\laancgg -\ls\laancgga -\ls\laancgh -\ls\laancgi -\ls\laancgj -\ls\laancgk -\ls\laancgl -\ls\laancgm -%\ls\laancgn -\ls\laancgo -\ls\laancgp -\ls\laancgq -\ls\laancgs -\ls\lamportla -\ls\lamportlb -\ls\lamportlc -\ls\lavaudma -\ls\mattese -\ls\mittelbachfc -\ls\mittelbachfd -\ls\mittelbachff -\ls\mittelbachffb -\ls\mittelbachfg -\ls\oostrump -\ls\quinlre -\ls\rahtzspq -\ls\ramekmb -\ls\salomondg -\ls\samuelal -\ls\schrodj -\ls\sewellw -\ls\southallra -\ls\southallrb -\ls\sowafb -\ls\spivakmda -\ls\spivakmdb -\ls\spivakmdc -\ls\swansone -\ls\taylorp -\ls\tobing -\ls\treebusk -\ls\tugpub -\ls\tutelaersp -\ls\urbanm -\ls\vensej -\ls\williamst -\ls\winninkjj -\ls\winogradt -\ls\youngenra -\ls\youngenrb -\ls\youngenrc -\ls\zbikowskir -\ls\zlatuskaja -\ls\zlatuskajb -\endinput
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/info/whatstex/wots.tex b/info/whatstex/wots.tex deleted file mode 100644 index d342f0f638..0000000000 --- a/info/whatstex/wots.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2956 +0,0 @@ -%What is TeX and METAfont all about? C.G van der Laan, cgl@risc1.rug.nl -\documentstyle[bezier]{article} %Version 1.1 Jan 94 -\def\Dash{---} -\def\dash{--} -\def\address#1{#1}\def\netaddress#1{}\def\network#1{} - -%Needed files: abr.tex, btable.tex, ds.pic, icon.tex, lit.dat, lit.sel, -% lus.pic, math.tex, pic.pic (tugboat.sty/cmn) -%In final version all these files have been included, however. -%\input{abr.tex} %Abbreviations from TUGboat.cmn -%\input{icon.tex} %Icon macros -%\input{manmac.cgl}%Some boxing macros from manmac -%Input at the appropriate place -% ds.pic , picture inspired by David Salomon -% lus.pic , picture from lustrum paper -% pic.pic , picture from Furuta -%Input along the way (within \begingroup ... \endgroup) -% btable.tex, bordered tabl macro (redefines \multispan!!!) -% math.tex , multipositioning of \eqalign (redefines centering needed) -% lit.dat , literature database (at the end) -% lit.sel , literature reference names pointing to the database. -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\newcount\TestCount -\def\smc{\tensmc} -\def\SMC{\ninerm} -\font\tensmc=cmcsc10 -% -% ***** abbreviations and logos ***** -% - -\def\AllTeX{(\La)\TeX} - -\def\AMS{American Mathematical Society} - -\def\AmS{{\the\textfont2 A}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox - {\the\textfont2 M}\kern-.125em{\the\textfont2 S}} -\def\AmSTeX{\AmS-\TeX} - -\def\aw{A\kern.1em-W} -\def\AW{Addison\kern.1em-\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip Wesley} - -\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\smc i\kern-.025emb}\kern-.08em\TeX}} - -\def\CandT{{\sl Computers \& Typesetting}} - -\def\DVItoVDU{DVIto\kern-.12em VDU} - -\def\ISBN{{\SMC ISBN} } - -% Japanese TeX -\def\JTeX{\leavevmode\hbox{\lower.5ex\hbox{J}\kern-.18em\TeX}} - -\def\JoT{{\sl The Joy of \TeX}} - -\def\LAMSTeX{L\raise.42ex\hbox{\kern-.3em\the\scriptfont2 A}% - \kern-.2em\lower.376ex\hbox{\the\textfont2 M}\kern-.125em - {\the\textfont2 S}-\TeX} - -% note -- \LaTeX definition is from LATEX.TEX 2.09 of 7 Jan 86, -% adapted for additional flexibility in TUGboat -%\def\LaTeX{\TestCount=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex -% \hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX} -% note -- broken in two parts, to permit separate use of La, -% as in (La)TeX -\def\La{\TestCount=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex - \hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}} -\def\LaTeX{\La\kern-.15em\TeX} - -% for Robert McGaffey -\def\Mc{\setbox\TestBox=\hbox{M}M\vbox to\ht\TestBox{\hbox{c}\vfil}} - -\font\manual=logo10 % font used for the METAFONT logo, etc. -\def\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}} -\def\mf{{\smc Metafont}} -\def\MFB{{\sl The \slMF book}} - -% multilingual (INRS) TeX -\def\mtex{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{\^E}\kern-.125emX} - -\def\pcMF{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox{p\kern-.3ptc}MF} -\def\PCTeX{PC\thinspace\TeX} -\def\pcTeX{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox{p\kern-.3ptc}\TeX} - -\def\Pas{Pascal} - -\def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC} -\def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX} - -\def\plain{{\tt plain}} - -\def\POBox{P.\thinspace O.~Box } -\def\POBoxTUG{\POBox\unskip~9506, Providence, RI~02940} - -\def\PS{{Post\-Script}} - -\def\SC{Steering Committee} - -\def\SGML{{\SMC SGML}} - -\def\SliTeX{{\rm S\kern-.06em{\smc l\kern-.035emi}\kern-.06em\TeX}} - -\def\slMF{\MF} -% Use \font\manualsl=logosl10 instead, if it's available, -% for \def\slMF{{\manualsl META}\-{\manualsl FONT}} - -% Atari ST (Klaus Guntermann) -\def\stTeX{{\smc st\rm\kern-0.13em\TeX}} - -\def\TANGLE{{\tt TANGLE}} - -\def\TB{{\sl The \TeX book}} -\def\TP{{\sl \TeX\/}: {\sl The Program\/}} - -\def\TeX{T\hbox{\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}} - -\def\TeXhax{\TeX hax} - -% Don Hosek -\def\TeXMaG{\TeX M\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{A}\kern-.2267emG} - -%\def\TeXtures{\TestCount=\the\fam -% \TeX\-\hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle TURES$}} -\def\TeXtures{{\it Textures}} -\let\Textures=\TeXtures - -\def\TeXXeT{\TeX--X\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT} - -\def\ttn{{\sl TTN}} -\def\TTN{{\sl \TeX{} and TUG NEWS}} - -\def\tubfont{\sl} % redefined in other situations -\def\TUB{{\tubfont TUGboat\/}} - -\def\TUG{\TeX\ \UG} - -\def\UG{Users Group} - -\def\UNIX{{\SMC UNIX}} - -\def\VAX{\leavevmode\hbox{V\kern-.12em A\kern-.1em X}} -\def\VorTeX{V\kern-2.7pt\lower.5ex\hbox{O\kern-1.4pt R}\kern-2.6pt\TeX} - -\def\XeT{\leavevmode\hbox{X\kern-.125em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT}} - -\def\WEB{{\tt WEB}} -\def\WEAVE{{\tt WEAVE}} -%******************************************************************** -\def\icmat#1#2{%ICon MATrix(rectangular) -%#1 is ht of icon matrix, e.g. 4 -%#2 is wd of icon matrix, e.g. 2 -\vbox to#1\unitlength{\hrule - \hbox to#2\unitlength{\vrule - height#1\unitlength\hfil\vrule}% - \hrule}% -}%end icmat -% -\def\icurt#1#2{%IConUpperRightTriangle -%#1 is ht of icon matrix, with UT -%the upper triangular part, e.g. 4 -%#2 is wd of icon (upper triangular) -%matrix, e.g. 2 -\vbox to #1\unitlength{\hrule - \hbox{\picture(#2,#2)% - \put(0,#2){\line(1,-1){#2}}% - \endpicture\vrule}% - \vfil}% -}%end icurt -% -\def\icllt#1#2{%IConLowerLeftTriangle -%#1 is ht of icon matrix, with LT -%the lower triangular part, e.g. 4 -%#2 is wd of icon (lower triangular) -%matrix, e.g. 2 -\vbox to #1\unitlength{\vfil - \hbox{\vrule\picture(#2,#1)% - \put(0,#2){\line(1,-1){#2}}% - \endpicture}% - \hrule}% -}%end icllt -% -\def\icuh#1#2#3{%IConUpperHessenberg -%#1 is size of icon matrix, with UH -% the upper Hessenberg part, e.g. 4 -%#2 is wd of icon (upper Hesenberg) -% matrix, e.g. 1 -%#3 is size Lower Left triangular part, -% #1-#2 (for simplicity the latter is added, -% could have been calculated, perhaps some -% inconsistency test could be incorporated) -\vbox to #1\unitlength{\offinterlineskip - \hrule - \hbox to#1\unitlength{\vrule height% - #2\unitlength depth0pt\relax - \hfil\vrule}% - \hbox to#1\unitlength{\picture(#3,#3)% - \put(0,#3){\line(1,-1){#3}}\endpicture - \hfil\vrule}% - \hbox to#1\unitlength{\hfil\vrule - width#2\unitlength height.2pt\relax}% - }% -}%end icuh -% -\def\hidehrule#1#2{\kern-#1\hrule - height#1 depth#2 \kern-#2 } -\def\hidevrule#1#2{\kern-#1{\dimen0=#1 - \advance\dimen0 by#2\vrule width\dimen0}% - \kern-#2 } -% \makeblankbox puts rules at the edges of -% a blank box whose dimensions are those -% of \box0 (assuming nonnegative wd,ht,dp) -% #1 is rule thickness outside, -% #2 is rule thickness inside -\def\makeblankbox#1#2{\hbox{\lower\dp0 - \vbox{\hidehrule{#1}{#2}% - \kern-#1% overlap the rules at the corners - \hbox to\wd0{\hidevrule{#1}{#2}% - \raise\ht0\vbox to #1{}% set the vrule height - \lower\dp0\vtop to #1{}% set the vrule depth - \hfil\hidevrule{#2}{#1}}% - \kern-#1\hidehrule{#2}{#1}}}} -\def\maketypebox{\makeblankbox{0pt}{1pt}} -\def\makelightbox{\makeblankbox{.2pt}{.2pt}} -\def\<#1>{$\langle#1\rangle$} -\def\cs#1{{\tt\char92#1}} -% -\def\mm{{\tt manmac}} -\def\mmt{{\tt manmac.sty}} -%For abstracting and customizing -%\def\head*#1*{\chapter*{#1}} -%\def\subhead*#1*{\section*{#1}} -%\def\subsubhead*#1*{\subsection*{#1}} -%\def\ftn#1{\footnote{#1}} -\let\ea=\expandafter \let\ag=\aftergroup \let\nx=\noexpand -%Customize footer -\def\pfoottext{NLUUG meeting Fall '93} -% -\begin{document} - -\title{What is \TeX{} and METAfont all about?} -%\thanks{Paper to be presented at NLUUG meeting of 2 November, 1993.} -\author{Kees van der Laan} -\address{Hunzeweg 57, 9893 PB\\ - Garnwerd, Groningen (NL)\\ - +31 5941 1525} -\netaddress[\network{Internet}]{cgl@risc1.rug.nl} -\overfullrule0pt -%\begin{abstract} -%A survey of -% \TeX, -% its flavours, and -% its twin sister \MF{}, -%within the context of Electronic Publishing, -%is given. -%\end{abstract} -\maketitle -%\paragraph*{Keywords:}{\small \AmSTeX, -%education, electronic publishing, (La)\TeX, METAfont, (encapsulated) \PS, -% SGML, hypertext.} -\section*{Contents}% -\begingroup\small -Introduction\\ --- \TeX{} etc.{} tools\\ --- Importance\\ --- \TeX's flavours, drivers, and fonts\\ --- Descriptive mark-up\\ --- \TeX{} its author, users, and publishers\\ --- \TeX\ and other EP tools\\ --- Trends\\ --- Examples: generic format, and\\ -\phantom{--} in the small math, tables, and graphics\\ --- Front \& back matter \\ --- Guidelines for choosing\\ -Acknowledgements, Conclusions, References. -\endgroup -\section*{Introduction} -This work about computer-assisted typesetting by \AllTeX{} and \MF{} -in context, is aimed at a broad audience. -Novice users \`a la -BLU\footnote{BLU is Knuth's nickname for the innocent user, the so-called - Ben Lee User of the \TeX book fame, with BLUe its cousin, adopted by me. - Nowadays we would say Beginning \LaTeX\ User.} -who like to become informed what it is all about, -advanced \LaTeX\ users who hardly have heard of \mm, -and mathematicians and publishers who will find the offerings -of the \AMS{} interesting. - -There have been published many notes, articles and books about \TeX. -Advanced ones exploring \TeX's limits, and also contributions at -the survey and introductory level. -The latter deal with -the macroscopic mark-up features as well as -the microscopics of automatic kerning, - for example with A and V in AV, -the automatic handling of ligatures, -the automatic justification and hyphenation -supported by hyphenation tables, and the formatting of -math, tables and graphics. -They also boast of the quality which can be -obtained when formatting the typographic teasers: -math, tables and graphics. - -In the \TeX niques series we have the -tutorials: -A gentle introduction to \TeX, by Michael Doob, and -First grade \TeX, by Arthur Samuel. -For \LaTeX\ there is: An introduction to \LaTeX, by Michael Urban, -and---for the Dutch speaking community---Publiceren met \LaTeX, by -de Bruin. -Also noteworthy is Hoenig's \TeX\ for new users, and -the introduction chapter in Salomon's courseware Insights and Hindsights. -For \MF{} see Henderson's An introduction to \MF{}, -Tobin's \MF{} for beginners, and Knuth's -introductory article on the issue in TUGboat. -A survey with respect to EP tools (Electronic Publishing) is -Document Formatting Systems: -Survey, Concepts and Issues, by Furuta and co-authors. - -For trying it out and working with it, the user groups -distribute PD versions of (La)\TeX{} as well as -integrated working environments for PCs, -with all kinds of bells-and-whistles added. -Ubiquitous is Mattes' PD em\TeX, and the working environments - As\TeX{} (apart from Framework it is - in the Public Domain), next to the Dutch 4\TeX{} (which is shareware). - -This paper relates \TeX{} and \MF{} to EP, -SGML and the like, as a helicopter view, and accounts for the many -activities of its users. -At the end an annotated bibliography has been supplied. - -\paragraph*{Conventions and notations.} -I adhered to the historical development of \TeX\ et cetera, -and did not order the tools with respect to perceived importance. -The latter is a matter of taste and definitely time-dependent. - -The Contents list is not a one-to-one mapping of the section titles. -It is used to stress the main items and their treatment within a logical -hierarchy. -I clustered some section titles and subsection titles, whenever -convenient, to enhance readability. -The aim was to convey the contents and not so much the form, -to paraphrase Marvin Minsky. - -Because it is a `helicopter' view I need to refer to other work. -This has been done a little loose via the name of the -(first) author and the title, or keywords form the title. -The reader can easily spot from the supplied list of references -which work is hinted at. -Just start by the author name and look for the matching title. -I also did not bother about traditions which require that book titles are set -in italics or so. In my opinion to find out whether it is a book, a report or -a journal article follows easily from the ISBN number if provided, -respectively the journal name. -Hereby I assume that readers are familiar with some -journal names, for example TUGboat, the journal of the \TeX\ Users Group. - -For common words in the \TeX\ arcana\Dash like \TeX, \LaTeX, -\AMS, et cetera\Dash I adopted the TUGboat -typesetting conventions by using their macros for formatting these names. -File names are set in the \cs{tt} font. - -\section{\TeX{} etc.{} tools} -First of all \TeX\ etc.\ has been around for some fifteen years, -and many of its users have contributed to the components -and to the porting to many platforms, -with the result that it is -not easy to really survey the whole complex. - -Going back to the roots we can say that -\TeX\ is a program for formatting documents, -born as a twin with its sister \MF, for creating fonts. -\TeX\ and \MF{} have been designed to facilitate the -high-quality computer-assisted production of books. -A more modern way of talking is that \TeX\ is -a mark-up language with \MF{} the accompanying -tool for designing the needed graphics, starting with the fonts. - -A nice survey of the most important components and files when working with -\TeX\ is supplied by the accompanying diagram,\footnote{Inspired by - Salomon's diagram as supplied in his courseware: Insights and Hindsights.} -which illustrates the two main fields: font design and typesetting, with -the relations between the components and files, all in one, and abstracting -from details. - -\noindent -%Version Aug 93 cgl@risc1.rug.nl -\begingroup%Basically Salomon's diagram -%\Large\setlength{\unitlength}{3ex} - \setlength{\unitlength}{3.8ex} -\begin{picture}(14,16)(-.5, -3) -%1st column -\put(1, 0){\line(0, 1){1.5}} -\put(1, 2){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(1, 2){\makebox(0, 0){.pk}} -\put(1, 4){\vector(0, -1){1.5}} -\put(-.5, 4){\framebox(3, 1){METAfont}} -\put(1, 6.5){\vector(0, -1){1.5}} -\put(1, 7){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(1, 7){\makebox(0, 0){.mf}} -%second column -\put(7.5, -.5){\framebox(2, 1){driver}} -\put(9.6, .6){\line(-1, 0){.5}} -\put(9.6, .6){\line( 0, -1){.5}} -\put(9.7, .7){\line(-1, 0){.5}} -\put(9.7, .7){\line( 0, -1){.5}} -\put(8.5, 1.25){\vector(0, -1){.75}} -\put(8.5, 2){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(8.5, 2){\makebox(0, 0){.dvi}} -\put(8.5, 4){\vector(0, -1){1.5}} -\put(7.5, 4){\framebox(2, 1){\TeX}} -%Manmac -\put(9.75, 5.25){\line(-1, 0){1.25}} -\put(9.75, 5.25){\line( 0, -1){.5}} -\put(9.75, 4.75){\line(-1, 0){.25}} -\put(9.8, 4.75){{\tiny manmac}} -%LaTeX -\put(10, 5.5){\line(-1, 0){1.25}} -\put(10, 5.5){\line( 0, -1){.5}} -\put(10, 5){\line(-1, 0){.25}} -\put(8.75, 5.5){\line( 0, -1){.25}} -\put(10.1, 5){{\tiny \LaTeX}} -\put(10.25, 5.75){\line(-1, 0){1.25}} -\put(10.25, 5.75){\line( 0, -1){.5}} -\put(10.25, 5.25){\line(-1, 0){.25}} -\put(9, 5.75){\line( 0, -1){.25}} -\put(10.35, 5.35){{\tiny AMS-(La)\TeX}} -% -\put(10.35, 5.85){\hbox{.}\kern.1ex -\raise.5ex\hbox{.}\kern.1ex\raise1ex\hbox{.}} -% -\put(8.5, 6.5){\vector(0, -1){1.5}} -\put(8.5, 7){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(8.5, 7){\makebox(0, 0){.tex}} -% -\multiput(8.5, 9)(0, -.415){3}{\line(0, -1){.25}} -\put(8.5, 8.7){\vector(0, 1){.3}} -\put(8.5, 7.8){\vector(0, -1){.3}} -\put(7.5, 9){\framebox(2, 1){editor}} -%Spelling checker -\put(9.75, 10.25){\line(-1, 0){1.25}} -\put(9.75, 10.25){\line( 0, -1){.5}} -\put(9.75, 9.75){\line(-1, 0){.25}} -\put(9.85, 9.75){{\tiny spell}} -%Style checker -\put(10, 10.5){\line(-1, 0){1.25}} -\put(10, 10.5){\line( 0, -1){.5}} -\put(10, 10){\line(-1, 0){.25}} -\put(8.75, 10.5){\line( 0, -1){.25}} -\put(10.1, 10){{\tiny style}} -% -\put(10.1, 10.6){\hbox{.}\kern.1ex -\raise.5ex\hbox{.}\kern.1ex\raise1ex\hbox{.}} -% -\put(8.5, 11.5){\vector(0, -1){1.5}} -\put(8.5, 12){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(8.5, 12){\makebox(0, 0){copy}} -%basis -\put(1, 0){\vector(1, 0){6.5}} -\put(9.5, 0){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(11, -.75){\framebox(2, 1.5){}} -\put(11.25, -.4){\shortstack{\small printer\\\small screen}} -%middle -\multiput(5, 5.25)(0, 1){3}{\line(0,1){.5}} -\multiput(5, .25)(0, 1){4}{\line(0,1){.5}} -\multiput(5, -1.75)(0, 1.3){2}{\line(0,1){.2}} -% -\put(3.5, -1.250){\dashbox{.25}(3, .5){{\tiny \PS}}} -\multiput(6.5, -1)(.45, 0){4}{\line(1,0){.25}} -\put(8.5, -1){\line( -1, 0){.2}} -% -\put(8.5, -1){\vector(0, 1){.5}} -\put(2.5, 4.5){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(5, 4.5){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(5, 4.5){\makebox(0, 0){.tfm}} -\put(6, 4.5){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(9.5, 4.5){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(12, 4.5){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(12, 4.5){\makebox(0, 0){.log}} -%base line -\put(.51,-1.75){\vector(-1, 0){1}} -\put(2.25, -1.75){\makebox(0, 0){Fonts}} -\put(3.9,-1.75){\vector( 1, 0){1}} -\put(6.1,-1.75){\vector(-1, 0){1}} -\put(9, -1.75){\makebox(0, 0){Typesetting}} -\put(11.9,-1.75){\vector(1, 0){1}} -\end{picture} -\endgroup - -\noindent That is -\begin{itemize} -\item the flow from copy to printed results -\item where the editor and its associated tools come in -\item the location of \TeX\Dash its flavours, and add-ons\Dash at the heart -\item what is used from \MF{} and where -\item the printer independence via various drivers -\item at what level \PS{} can be included. -\end{itemize} -The important files are indicated by their extensions and are -depicted within ovals. What holds for creating the \verb|.tex| file -holds also for the \verb|.mf| file.\footnote{Not mentioned are vir\TeX\ - and ini\TeX. Erik-Jan Vens communicated the following functionalities - on the TeX-nl network: `Ini\TeX\ allows preparing and fast loading - of {\tt .fmt} files. Vir\TeX\ is a program that can accept fast - your macros and then do the typesetting job proper.'} - -\subsection{Working environments.} -The needed tools are nowadays embedded in -computer-assisted (scientific) working environments. -At first sight this seems trivial, but it is really handy that the tools -are integrated, also with non-formatting applications per se, such -as email, database applications and the old running of C or FORTRAN programs. -A model of thinking is that, for example, a thesis is prepared and all -the simulations and calculations are done as a side-step of the main work: -publishing! That is document preparation, formatting, typesetting, and -dissemination. -The graphics-oriented PCs like Macintosh and Atari paved the way. -Nowadays the 486-based PCs with their (graphics) window facilities allow -this way of working too. - -\subsection{Installation.} -The products are usually accompanied by their installation documentation. -Famous, and top class, are the AMS installation Guides. -With the PD PC versions the idea is to supply turn-key scripts so that -the installation goes automatically. ->From those distributed by the TUG/LUGs the only nice one -I have seen is the GUTenberg PD PC set and installation guide, -prepared by Lavaud. Installation of the working environments is more -complicated, because of the many components. - -\subsection{Lifetime.} -The kernel \TeX\ and \MF{} -programs have been designed with flexibility and portability in mind. -Knuth envisioned that the two could be used a hundred years from now, -just as we do today, with the same -input and results!\footnote{Or better.} -In order to make this possible Knuth -\begin{itemize} -\item invented the \WEB{} literate programming way of working -\item documented the programs (open system) well -\item worked hard on making the systems error free -\item delivered the twins into the public domain, and -\item froze the kernels. -\end{itemize} -Because of these goodies the user community could port the systems -to any conceivable platform, and add layers on top -to adjust for users' wishes and demands. All-in-all one can say -that the twins are portable in place and time, are powerful, useful, -and will serve a lifetime. - -The working environments suffer from a much shorter lifetime. -Read: need continuous maintenance and that is something, especially in -a volunteer-based world. -It is always -a matter of the right balance: how fast do I need to do the day-to-day -work and how often do I wish to upgrade the working environment. - -\section{Importance} ->From the computer science point of view -\TeX\ and \MF{} are big research achievements -in how software engineering should be done, -if not for the literate programming way of software design and creation. -Top-class algorithms for line-breaking, hyphenation and page make-up -have been incorporated. -It is designed to be device-independent. -That Knuth succeeded so well in his basic research can be witnessed -by the many publications which -have been built upon his Computer and Typesetting works, -and the many honorary degrees he has received. - ->From the users' point of view \TeX\ etc.\ -is relevant because of the quality which -can be obtained when used as a formatter. -\TeX\ is an open and freely available system. -It has been frozen, and delivered into the public domain to serve -for a lifetime. -That Knuth succeeded here so well can be distilled from the many organized -users of \AllTeX\ world-wide, and perhaps the tenfold more who -just use the systems. - -Its weakness is that \TeX\ proper does {\em not\/} have easy user guides. -This weakness has been compensated for by efforts like \LaTeX, -\AmSTeX/\LaTeX, and the styles from publishing houses and their user and -installation guides. -%\begin{quote} -Perhaps an unexpected side-effect of \TeX\ is that it is so heavily used -with alphabets different from Latin, and even with scripts -which run from right to left (Hebrew) or scripts which run vertically -(Japanese), not to mention specific hyphenation patterns. -%\end{quote} -That \TeX\ allows for these usages might give an idea of its power. - ->From the publishers' point of view \TeX\ has the potential of being used -for producing complex scientific documents cost-effectively. -This is the current practice of the \AMS, -and the American Physical Society, APS for short. -They supply authors with -\begin{itemize} -\item user and installation guides -\item fonts -\item style files -\item templates, and -\item support, in general. -\end{itemize} - -\paragraph*{The advantages}can be summarized as -\begin{itemize} -\item high-quality craftsman tool -\item lingua franca for exchange of typographically complex documents -\item stability (\TeX{} kernel has been frozen) -\item open system -\item available for nearly all platforms -\item in the public domain -\item portable, flexible, extensible, \ldots -\item 7.5--10k organized users world-wide -\item cost-effective production tool. -\end{itemize} - -\paragraph*{Disadvantages}are there any? -Of course there are. But it is questionable -whether one should talk about disadvantages. -Perhaps one should talk more in terms of incompleteness. -\begin{quote} -What is felt like an omission can be added, -because it is an extensible system. -\end{quote} -I for one miss that \mmt---Knuth's macros for formatting his books---doesn't -take a user guide, nor does plain \TeX. -Of course there is the \TeX book---the bible for the \TeX ies---but that does -{\em not\/} hide the details---it is all there, for the beginner as -well as for the advanced macro writer---which is confusing -and simply too much for a novice. In summary -\begin{itemize} -\item \AllTeX\ is not - WYSIWYG-like\footnote{Usually commercial.} -\item unusual macro language\footnote{It is always a matter of education, - and after that the {\em un\/}usual issues metamorphose into paradigms.} -\item complex: $\approx$ 1k commands, parameters, \ldots\footnote{Abstraction, - subsetting and user guides\Dash like those of \AmSTeX\Dash are needed. - Tools which concentrate on the publishing goal and not so much on - understanding and learning the formatting language per se.} -\end{itemize} -So its incompleteness is a challenge to all of us, to fill it up. - -It is true, however, that professionals have found some niches which deserve -further research and development. Surveys on these items are provided in -the E-\TeX\ paper by Mittelbach, and the New Typesetting System efforts -initiated by the German-speaking users group DANTE. -Also noteworthy is the effort to improve -\LaTeX\ via the so-called \LaTeX3 (better known as lxiii) project. - -One can also argue that delving into these details is sub-optimization, -concentrating too much on the mapping onto paper. Bigger issues are -related to the multi-media aspects, let us say to represent information -in a flexible way such that it can be processed by various technologies, -into forms suited for various users, their circumstances and their -tastes, limited only by their senses. -I like to call this {\em real\/} applied information technology: -information to be accessed by the masses. - -\section{\TeX's flavours} -\TeX\ has gotten its children already, like \mm, \LaTeX, and -\AmSTeX/\LaTeX, to name but a few. -As usual with children they live their own lives. -For \TeX\ this means that they have the confusing -side-effect of not being completely compatible. -In spite of this incompatibility reality has it that authors and publishers -make their choice---\TeX-based, or \LaTeX-oriented---and therefore -the incompatibilities don't hinder most of us. - -\paragraph*{\mmt} is a set of macros -written and used by Knuth to format his magnum opus: -The Art of Computer Programming, -his Computers and Typesetting series, -and so on. For an account see my Manmac BLUes. - -\paragraph*{\LaTeX}stresses the higher-level approach of descriptive mark-up -and hides the formatting details as much as possible from an author. -Because of the rigorous way this has been implemented, -it is hard to customize the prefab styles. - -Leslie Lamport's manual, \LaTeX, A Document Preparation System, -exhibits the functionalities -\begin{itemize} -\item prefab styles: article, book, letter, report, slides -\item automatic (symbolic) numbering and cross-referencing -\item multi-column formatting, with its embedded 1-column occasionally - for tables and figures -\item automatic generation of ToC, LoT, LoF -\item picture environment -\item bibliography environment. -\end{itemize} - -\paragraph*{\AmSTeX/\LaTeX}are the tools of the -pace-setting American Mathematical Society. This publisher adopted -and supported the \TeX\ development from the beginning. (See below -under \TeX\ and its publishers.) - -\paragraph*{\LAMSTeX} reimplemented in a flexible way - the descriptive \LaTeX\ approach, next to - a general automatic numbering and symbolic referencing scheme, - advanced table macros, and - sophisticated commutative diagram macros. - See my review of Spivak's \oe uvre - for more details about the Joy of \TeX\ and \LAMSTeX---The Synthesis. - -\paragraph*{In summary} -\begin{itemize} -\item \mmt, Knuth's format -\item \LaTeX, descriptive mark-up, and user's guide -\item \AmSTeX/\LaTeX\ styles and fonts, with support -\item \LAMSTeX -\item TUGboat styles -\item PD software and working environments -\end{itemize} - -\section{\TeX's drivers} -Normally the drivers come with your \TeX\ when you buy it. -With the PD versions, users have to be aware of the PD available drivers, -for the various PCs and printers, -unless your user group provides you with an -integrated working environment which contains all. -For a survey of the available `Output device -drivers' see Hosek's paper in TUG's resource directory. -He details drivers for -\begin{itemize} -\item laser xerographic and electron-erosion printers -\item impact printers and miscellaneous output devices -\item phototypesetters -\item screen previewers -\end{itemize} -\noindent and ends up with supplier information. -Joachim Schrod reported in TUGboat 13, 1, -(early 1992) from the TUG DVI driver standards committee. - -Well-known is the PD Beebe driver family. em\TeX\ comes with some -drivers for dot matrix printers and the HP LaserJets. - -At the TUG '92 meeting the attendees were surprised by Raman's paper -`An audio view of (La)\TeX\ documents.' It has all to do with -representing the contents of a publication for the blind. - -With respect to \PS\ the \verb|dvitops| driver is important. Formerly, -I also used \verb|dvitodvi| in order to print out selected pages. -Now I use \mm's facility to do that which is essential -simpler for that purpose because it ships out only the required pages. - -\section{\TeX{} and fonts} ->From the beginning Knuth provided \TeX\ with the computer modern family of -fonts. These fonts can be generated, and varied via \MF, -by adjusting some parameters. -Since the introduction of the virtual font concept, in revision '89 -better known as \TeX{} version 3, -many industrial fonts can be used as well. -Via this mechanism, font elements can be combined at the driver level. -The need for handling in a flexible way the positioning of diacritical marks -was the incentive for adding the virtual font concept, to make it -feasible to handle languages with their own special placements of -diacritical marks without the need to -regenerate complete new fonts. -The other way is to generate complete font tables for every language, -which is a perfectly acceptible way of doing it, -but will entail many font tables and -of larger size.\footnote{Reality has it that the \TeX\ community standardized - on the 256-character DC font tables, to allow for some special characteres, - like the use of the ij in Dutch. See Haralambous' paper in TTN 1, 4. - An entirely different approach is needed for the Japanese ideograms, - that is symbols representing things or ideas. At present there are some - 6,353 kanji characters available on various types of computers known - as JIS level 1 or 2 (Japanese Industrial Standard is akin to ASCII.) -} - -However, since \TeX\ is used for more and more applications -the need for more fonts\Dash different shapes, sizes and so on\Dash -has emerged. -Using standard bitmap technology much computer memory is needed. -Reality has it that scaling fonts linearly does not yield -pleasing results. -To compensate for this the intelligent scalable fonts technology emerged% ----near-linear and intelligent, that is with some enhancements---% -as opposed to the classical memory-consuming bitmap fonts, extended by -the linear scaling as such. - -Also the mark-up for fonts has gotten a new dimension: the linear space of -available fonts is seen as a 4-dimensional space governed by the coordinates -family, serie, shape, and size. The approach goes with the buzzword NFSS, -New Font Selection Scheme (See Goossens, Mittlebach and Samarin). - -\paragraph*{Which fonts can be used with \TeX?} -The following classes of {\em text\/} fonts can be used with \TeX -\begin{itemize} -\item CM, the native Computer Modern -\item 14,000 fonts in industry standard Adobe type 1 -\item several hundreds in formats such as TrueType. -\end{itemize} -(Very) few fonts can be used with math, -because of the specialities of the -font characteristics \TeX\ assumes. -However, the following fonts can be used with math -\begin{itemize} -\item CM math, the native Computer Modern -\item lucida math -\item lucida newmath -\item mathtimes. -\end{itemize} -For more details see Horn's Scalable outline fonts paper, and for Japanese -Fujiura in TTN 1, 2. - -\section{Descriptive mark-up} -Since the start of computer-assisted typography attention has been paid -to abstraction from details, to the principle of the -{\em separation of concerns}. - -Leading in this area is the SGML approach.\footnote{The relation - between SGML and \TeX\ will be discussed later.} -It is argued that -\begin{quote} -authors should concentrate on the contents\Dash and inherently on the -structure\Dash of their documents, leaving the details for formatting -to the publisher. -\end{quote} - -\paragraph*{Example:}(Call for papers, Furuta) -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\input cfp.tex%contains format and macros -%next copy proper -The aim of this paper... - -Paper are solicited on ... -\lstitm Picture editing -\lstitm Text processing -\lstitm Algorithms and software... - -Detailed abstracts should not ... - -Duration of presentation... -\bye -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -The above example is a mixture of natural input, where blank lines -have an intuitive but context-dependent meaning, and of -handling trivia automatically behind the scenes. -An example of a default is the heading. - -For this format the heading is always the same, -so there is no need for a user to provide it each time the format -is used. It comes along with the format. -So do the fonts used and the shortcuts -like \verb|\def\lstitm{\item{--} }|. - -My approach looks simpler than Furuta's\Dash in that paper all the low-level - formatting details were there\Dash -because I applied the principle of the separation of concerns -and abstracted from the low-level formatting details. -The point I'd like to make is that it is possible to hide -formatting details, to account for these separately and at a lower level. -I like to call this approach generic, because the mark-up is customized -at a lower level to the suited tool. - -\section{\TeX\ and its author} -Don Knuth started the design of \TeX\ in 1978. -The first major revison dates back to 1982. -The final version is dated 1989, and called \TeX\ version $\pi$.\footnote{% - Essentially version 3, but because reality has it that even Knuth - `makes errors' he allows for adjusted versions denoted by the decimals of - $\pi$: 3.1, 3.14, 3.141, et cetera.} -It is all a side-step(!) of his magnus opus: The Art of Computer Programming, -of which three volumes have appeared of the envisioned seven. -Because of the rapid development in computer science volume four consists of -three books already. - -In designing and developing \TeX, -Knuth adhered to several software engineering paradigms like: -portability, flexibility, robustness, and not to -forget correctness and documentation.\footnote{The software crises of the - seventies suffered much from inadequate documentation.} -In order to do this gracefully -he coined the words {\em literate programming}, -and provided en-passant tools for practical use! -In fact \TeX\ can be seen as -a real-life and significant example of literate programming. - -In designing \TeX\ he adopted and developed the following -\begin{itemize} -\item boxes, glue and penalties as building blocks -\item paragraph-wise searching for line-breaks -\item page mapping via the OTR,\footnote{A buzzword to denote the - output routine which performs this task.} - optimizing for least penalties -\item device-independent output, to be printed, typeset, or viewed, - by independent driver programs -\item virtual fonts. -\end{itemize} -\noindent \TeX\ was developed as a side-step. \MF{} can be seen as -an off-off-spring. - -\section{\TeX{} and its users} -It is unknown how many people use \AllTeX, and for what purposes. -We know, however, that it is used all over the world, to typset -\begin{itemize} -\item scientific documents, exchange - and publish such documents\footnote{For an impression of - published books formatted via \TeX\ see Beebe's bibliography - in the TUG resource directory.} -\item documents which require special fonts and layout - conventions, like Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew and so on -\item transparencies and slides -\item material associated with a - hobby (bridge, chess, crosswords, go, music, and add yours). -\end{itemize} -\noindent A great virtue of the users' action is -\begin{itemize} -\item the porting to various platforms -\item to provide macros, fonts and formats -\item to maintain \LaTeX -\item to ponder about and develop New Typsetting Systems -\item to develop and maintain integrated working environments. -\end{itemize} - -\paragraph*{The user groups.}We also know that many users have -organized themselves into user groups, -to start with the original \TeX\ Users Group (TUG), -and more recently into so-called LUGs---language-oriented -local user groups. -The Dutchies are organized since 1988 as the NTG, -Nederlandstalige \TeX\ Gebruikersgroep, that is Dutch language-oriented -\TeX\ Users' Group. We enjoy some 225 members of whom are 30 institutions. -\\ -World-wide some 7.5--10k users are organized. -\\ -The benefits of being organized, apart from those which come -from cooperation and sharing in general, are -\begin{itemize} -\item meetings -\item TUGboat, newsletter, casu quo bulletins, `specials' -\item resource directory (information about the (La)\TeX\ working environments - of members, their addresses and similar things) -\item TUGboat styles -\item assistance\\ - -- archives\\ - -- BBS (Bulletin Board Services) \\ - -- digests \\ - -- FAQs (Frequently Asked QuestionS) -\item courses -\item PD sets (Public Domain) -\item distributing point books (tutorials), software. -\end{itemize} -\noindent -Moreover, the user groups stimulate and support research and development, -such as the projects: \TeX HaX, \BibTeX, -and more recently \LaTeX3, and NTS. ->From the social side we have the TUG bursary fund, -to grant attendence for a TUG meeting for those TUG members who can't -afford it, next to the Knuth Scholarship award. The latter is a competition -which rewards the winner with attending a meeting for free. - -\paragraph*{Some addresses?} -\begin{quote} -TUG: Balboa Building, Room 307, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, Ca 93101, USA, - {\tt tug@tug.org}\\[1ex] -NTG: Postbus 394, 1740 AJ Schagen, {\tt ntg@nic.surfnet.nl}. -\end{quote} -For other addresses consult the resource directory of TUG, or -your friendly NTG around the corner. - -\subsection{Add-ons}have been provided by the user communities. -They have also supplied mutual support, and have provided logistic facilities. -The latter is not restricted to \AllTeX\ proper. -It is about the general use of the electronic networks -\begin{itemize} -\item exchange via e-mail -\item electronic digests and list servers -\item the file servers, which store all the macro and style files. -\end{itemize} -Really, very nice goodies! The proper add-ons concern -\begin{itemize} -\item porting the complex to every system, especially the affordable - and widespread PCs -\item macro and style files\footnote{A survey of what is provided is contained - in the so-called Jones' index, and Beebe's TUGlib.} -\item extra fonts, casu quo font couplings via virtual font scripts -\item WYSIWYG user interfaces (commercial) -\item \TeX-based PD/shareware working environments -\item language-specific issues (hyphenation patterns, reserved words, \ldots) -\item drivers for new printers -\item \PS{} etc.{} inclusion at the dvi level. -\end{itemize} -And the end is not yet in sight. - - -\section{\TeX{} and the publishers} -The importance of the \AMS{} effort is that the AMS is leading in how (La)\TeX\ -can be used cost-effectively as a -high-quality tool in a production environment: -publishers cooperating with authors. - -As I understand it the American Physical Society is following -the AMS approach. - -At the TUG '91 meeting at Boston, it was estimated that commercial publishers -handle some 5 to 10\% of their (scientific) production via (La)\TeX. - -And in the CIS---Commonwealth of Independent States, the former Russia---MIR -has adopted the AMS approach as well. -And then there is the Ukraine group to be founded officially this fall, -and undoubtedly more to follow. -% -\paragraph*{The \AMS}do their -complete production via \TeX: $\approx$100,000 pages/year, - and provide authors with -\begin{itemize} -\item (generic) styles -\item macros, and fonts -\item user guides -\item support (keyboarding, mark-up, fine-tuning). -\end{itemize} -The approach can be depicted by the following scheme -$$\hbox{\vbox{\lineskip.5\lineskip -\hbox to15ex{\hss author(\TeX)\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss\tt amsppt.sty\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss\tt amstex.tex\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss\TeX\hss} -}\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\vbox{\lineskip.5\lineskip -\hbox to15ex{\hss author(\LaTeX)\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss\tt amsart.sty\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss\llap{{\tt amstex.sty}$\,% -\rightarrow\;$}\LaTeX\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss} -\hbox to15ex{\hss\TeX\hss} -}}$$ -They also supply fonts: Euler, Fraktur, \ldots - -For more details -consult the AMS sources or see my AMS BLUes paper on the issue. - -\paragraph*{The American Physical Society}handle some 20\% -of their production via \LaTeX. They cooperate with The Optical -Society of America and the American Institute of Physics. -Their style is called REV\TeX. - -\paragraph*{MIR}publishers Moscow---the driving force -behind CyrTUG, the Cyrillic language-oriented \TeX\ -users group\footnote{See also `News about CyrTUG and Russian \TeX\ Users' - in TTN 2, 1.}---translated Spivak's The Joy of \TeX\ -into Russian among others. -I would not be surprised to hear that they do the -production of their scientific documents with \TeX\ too, completely. -They have the knowledge and \TeX nology. And \TeX- and \MF-based -technology does not require much hard currency for investment. - -\paragraph*{JTUG?}And what is going on in Japan? -The JTUG has at least .5k members.\footnote{See also `Update of \TeX\ in Japan' - TTN 1, 2.} They have translated among others the \TeX book and the - \LaTeX\ manual into Japanese. -Some years ago I received a Japanese newspaper set by J\TeX! - -\section{\TeX\ and other EP tools} -Furuta gives a good account of the history and early tools -in relation with computer-assisted typesetting. However, since the appearance -of that paper -\begin{itemize} -\item the laser printer technology has taken off -\item many computer-based fonts have emerged -\item thinking in structures has gotten more interest (SGML) -\item the DTP (Desktop Publishing) credo has come into existence, and -\item hardware prices have continued to spiral down. -\end{itemize} -Everybody can afford a PC, a laser(jet) printer, and some software (especially -Word{\em whatever\/} or the PD \AllTeX). % and publish (or perish). ;-))) - -\subsection{\TeX\ and intelligent editors.} -Keyboarding compuscripts in (La)\TeX\ can be assisted by editors which -are (La)\TeX\ intelligent, and next, to use templates as `fill-in' forms. -An example is Beebe's \LaTeX-intelligent emacs. -This approach can prevent errors like the level 1 or so endings, or -non-matching braces and the like. -At this level we can also make use of spelling checkers and style -assistants. - -\subsection{Word{\it whatever\/} and \TeX?} -It is true that Word-you-name-it, has made the use of computers more popular. -They replaced the typewriters, don't forget that. And of course that was a -step forward. These are the tools the masses are using because of the -sufficient and improved quality which can be obtained. -This must be seen in context of course: most of the publications -are just in-house reports, memos and the like. - -\begin{quote} -For high-quality typesetting a \TeX-like tool, -high-resolution fonts and ipso facto printer, or viewer, -are needed. -\end{quote} -\noindent -Because wordprocessors are so widespread and heavily used, it can be -anticipated that users start from there and -need \TeX's formatting capabilities now and then. -For that group there exist conversion software: -the public domain DRILCON -and the commercial K-Talk. -Simpler, and better when it concerns complex structured copy, -is to -\begin{quote} -output in ASCII from Word{\it whatever\/} -and insert \AllTeX\ mark-up. -\end{quote} -\noindent And, of course, the wordprocessor can always be used as an editor -for \TeX, with taking advantage of the integrated spelling checker. - -\subsection{Troff or \TeX?} -Troff preceded \TeX. It comes with UNIX. -Both have been in use for the last decade. -To begin with Knuth built upon troff, scribe and similar tools. -On the other hand the troff add-ons have learned from \TeX. -So there has been mutual influence. - -With respect to the functionality the tools are comparable. Both aim at -computer-assisted typography. But there is also a world of difference. -Basically the difference is that troff is a program which can be -extended by independent preprocessors, and \TeX\ is an extensible -language itself, with plain \TeX---the kernel program---device independent, -that is the mapping on the media has to be done by independent drivers. -That the latter was not in troff -can be discerned from the subsequent nroff\Dash with accompanying neqn\Dash -and finally, di-roff, device-independent roff. -Furthermore, remember that \TeX\ is just one of the twins. - -Rumour has it that interest in troff weakened because -the early PCs did not come with UNIX, and that -the kernel has remained undocumented (Its author Ossanna -died in an accident.) -The following table is supplied to indicate roughly the differences. - -\begingroup\tiny -%\input{btable.tex} -%C.G. van der Laan, Hunzeweg 57, 9893PB, Garnwerd. Holland. 05941-1525. -%btable.tex version 1, 17/7/92 author: cgl@risc1.rug.nl -\newbox\tbl\let\ea=\expandafter -%Cell vertical size, row height and depth (separation implicit), -\newdimen\cvsize\newdimen\tsht\newdimen\tsdp\newdimen\tvsize\newdimen\thsize -%Parameter setting macros: Rules -\def\hruled{\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}\def\colsep{} \def\rowsep{\hrule} - \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep} -\def\vruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil} \def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{} - \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\hrule} -\def\ruled {\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}\def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{\hrule} - \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep} -\def\nonruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil} \def\colsep{} \def\rowsep{} - \def\rowstbsep{\vrule}\def\headersep{\hrule}} -\def\dotruled{\def\lineglue{\dotfill}\def\rowsep{\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}} -\def\colsep{\lower1.5\tsdp\vbox to\cvsize{% -\leaders\hbox to0pt{\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt\hss.\hss}\vfil}} -\let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep} -%Parameter setting macros: Controling positioning -\def\ctr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{\hfil}}%Centered -\def\fll{\def\lft{} \def\rgt{\hfil}}%Flushed left -\def\flr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{}} %Flushed right -%Parameter setting macros: Framing -\def\framed{\let\frameit=\boxit} -\def\nonframed{\def\frameit##1{##1}} -\def\dotframed{\let\frameit=\dotboxit} -% -\def\btable#1{\vbox{\let\rsl=\rowstblst%Copy -\ifx\empty\template\ifx\empty\rowstblst - \def\template{\colsepsurround\lft####\rgt&&\lft####\rgt\cr} - \else\def\template{\colsepsurround####\hfil&&\lft####\rgt\cr}\fi - \fi -\tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize -\def\tstrut{\vrule height\tsht depth\tsdp width0pt} -%Logical mark up of column and row separators, via use of -\def\cs{&\colsepsurround\colsep\colsepsurround&} -\def\prs{&\colsepsurround\lineglue&} \def\srp{&\lineglue\colsepsurround&} -\def\rs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr - \ifx\empty\rowsep\else\noalign{\rowsep}\fi - \ifx\empty\rowstblst\else\ea\nxtrs\fi} -\def\grs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr\ghostrow} -\def\rss{&\colsepsurround\rowstbsep\colsepsurround&} -\def\hs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr - \ifx\empty\headersep\else\noalign{\headersep}\fi - \ifx\empty\rowstblst\else\ea\nxtrs\fi} -\preinsert -\setbox\tbl=\vbox{\tabskip=0pt\relax\offinterlineskip -\halign{\span\template\ifx\empty\first\ifx\empty\rowstblst\else -\ifx\empty\header\else\ea\rss\fi\fi\else\first\ea\rss\fi -\ifx\empty\header\ifx\empty\first\if\empty\rsl\else\ea\nxtrs\fi - \else\ea\hs\fi -\else\header\ea\hs\fi -#1\colsepsurround\tstrut\crcr} } %end \setbox -\postinsert -\ifx\caption\empty\else\hbox to\thsize{\strut\hfil\caption\hss}\captionsep\fi -\frameit{\copy\tbl} -\ifx\footer\empty\else\footersep\hbox{\vtop{\noindent\hsize=\thsize% -\footer}}\fi }} %end \btable -%Defaults -\cvsize=4ex\tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize\def\colsepsurround{\kern.5em} -\def\caption{}\def\first{}\def\header{}\def\rowstblst{}\def\footer{}\def\data{} -\def\captionsep{\medskip} \def\headersep{\hrule} -\def\footersep{\smallskip} \def\rowstbsep{\vrule} -\def\preinsert{} -\def\postinsert{\global\thsize=\wd\tbl - \global\tvsize=\ht\tbl\global\advance\tvsize by\dp\tbl} -\ctr\nonruled\nonframed\def\template{}\def\ghostrow{} %end Defaults -%Auxiliaries -\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\vbox{#1}\vrule}\hrule}} -\def\dotboxit#1{\vbox{\offinterlineskip\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}% -\hbox{\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{% -\leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss}\vfil}% -\vbox{#1}\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{% -\leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss}\vfil}}% -\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}}} -%And to account for logical columns with \multispan -\def\spicspan{\span\omit} -\def\multispan#1{\omit\mscount=#1\multiply\mscount by2 \advance\mscount by-1 -\loop\ifnum\mscount>1 \spicspan\advance\mscount by-1 \repeat} -%To process FIFO, an improved version is available -\def\bfifo#1{\ifx\efifo#1\else\def\nxt{\process#1\bfifo}\ea\nxt\fi} -\def\process#1{\hbox to0pt{\hss#1\hss}\kern.5ex} -%To handle the row stub list: \rsl -\def\nxtrs{\ifx\empty\rsl%\let\nxtel=\relax -\else\def\nxtel{\ea\nrs\rsl\srn}\ea\nxtel\fi}%next Row Stub -\def\nrs#1#2\srn{\gdef\rsl{#2}#1\rss} %end btable.tex -%%%%btable end%%%% -% -\def\data{%Costs\cs -PD \cs licensed via UNIX\rs -%Availability\cs -all platforms \cs under UNIX \rs -%Documentation\cs -\TeX book (also on-line)\cs On-line manual \rs -%Fonts \cs -METAfont's CM, virtual fonts \cs ?\rs -%Design \cs -open system \cs kernel undocumented\rs -%Printers \cs -device independent \cs di-roff approach\rs -%Flexibility \cs -complete \cs ?\rs -%Extensibility \cs -macros \cs preprocessors\rs -%Mark-up\cs -formats and styles\cs ms macros\rs -%Coding \cs -uniform in \WEB{} \cs C\rs -%Future \cs -kernel frozen, users augment \cs frozen\rs -%Acceptance \cs -users, AMS, APS, \ldots \cs users, ?\rs -} -\def\header{\AllTeX\cs T/Di-roff} -\def\rowstblst{{% -Costs}{% -Availability}{% -Documentation}{% -Fonts }{% -Design }{% -Printers }{% -Flexibility }{% -Extensibility }{% -Mark-up }{% -Coding }{% -Future }{{% -Acceptance }}} -$$\fll\btable\data$$ -\endgroup - -\subsection{SGML and \TeX?} -SGML stands for Standardized Generalized Mark-up Language. -It is an effort to formalize mark-up, and is defined as a meta-language -to define the mark-up language of each publication series into -so-called Document Type Definitions, DTDs for short. - -SGML is part of a huge standardization effort supported by the -US military via the CALS initiative. Other components are: FOSI---Formatted -Output Specification Instance\footnote{See Dobrowolski's paper.}---and -DSSSL.\footnote{See Bryan's paper.} -It is not so much a question of -\begin{quote}\TeX\ {\em or\/} SGML, -but more \TeX\ {\em and\/} SGML. -\end{quote} -\noindent -\TeX\ formats can learn a lot from the SGML approach and on the other hand -SGML needs a formatter when it is used to print documents. -This cooperative approach is known as -\begin{quote} -SGML the front-end, -\AllTeX\ the back-end. -\end{quote} -\noindent A diagram about the SGML-\TeX\ relation is -supplied in the accompanying picture. - -\newcount\leg -\begin{figure}[hbt] -\begin{center} -\begingroup\small -\setlength{\unitlength}{2.5ex} -\begin{picture}(20,23)(-10, 0) -\put(-7,\the\leg){\framebox(4,2){(La)\TeX}} -\put(-2,\the\leg){\framebox(4,2){TROFF}} -\put(3,\the\leg){\framebox(4,2){\ldots}} -\advance \leg by 4 -%hark -\put(-5,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.75}} -\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.75}} -\put(5,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.75}} -\put(-5,\the\leg){\vector(1,0){5}} %backarrow -\put( 0,\the\leg){\line(1,0){5}} -%converters -\put(5.5,\the\leg){\vtop to 0pt{\hbox{Specific} - \hbox{format file}\vss - } - } -\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0, 1){1}} %backarrow -\advance \leg by 1 -\put(-4,\the\leg){\framebox(8,2){% - \shortstack[c]{%\footnotesize - Generic markup\ \\ - %\footnotesize - $\Rightarrow$\ procedural} } - } -\advance \leg by 2 -\put(4.2,\the\leg.2){\line(0, -1){1}} -\put(4.2,\the\leg.2){\line(-1, 0){1}} -\put(4.4,\the\leg.4){\line(0, -1){1}} -\put(4.4,\the\leg.4){\line(-1, 0){1}} -\put(4.6,\the\leg.2){{\tiny Formats}} -% -\advance \leg by 1 -\put(0,\the\leg.5){\vector(0,-1){1.5}} -\put(0,\the\leg.5){\vector(0, 1){0}} %backarrow head -%applications -\advance \leg by 1 -\put(-10,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){Exchange}} -\put(-5,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){Storage}} -\put(0,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){Publication}} -\put(5,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){Database}} -\put(10,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){\vtop to 0pt{\hbox{(Text-)} - \hbox{analysis}\vss} - } - } -%hark -\advance \leg by 2 -\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}} -\put(-5,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}} -\put(-10,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}} -\put(5,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}} -\put(10,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}} -\put(-10.5,\the\leg){\line(1,0){21}} -\put(11.25,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){\dots}} -\put(-11.25,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){\dots}} -\advance \leg by 2 -\put(0,\the\leg){\line(0,-1){2}} -\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0,1){0}} %back (up) arrow head -\put(-7.5,\the\leg){\framebox(15,1){Complete, correct SGML -document}} -\advance \leg by 2 -\put(.5,\the\leg.25){Parser} -\advance \leg by 2 -\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){3}} -%\advance \leg by 1 -\put(-7.5,\the\leg){\framebox(15,3){ - \shortstack[l]{\verb=<!=SGML - -declaration - -\verb=>=\\ - \verb=<!=DOCTYPE - - declaration - -\verb=>=\\ - \verb=<!= - - Markup copy - -\verb=>= } - } - } -\advance \leg by 3 -%\corners -\put(7.7,\the\leg.2){\line(0,-1){2}} -\put(7.7,\the\leg.2){\line(-1,0){2}} -\put(7.9,\the\leg.4){\line(0,-1){2}} -\put(7.9,\the\leg.4){\line(-1,0){2}} -\put(8.1,\the\leg.2){{\tiny DTDs}} -% -\advance \leg by 1 -\put(.5,\the\leg){Editor} -\advance \leg by 1 -\put(0,\the\leg.5){\vector(0,-1){2.5}} -\advance \leg by 1 -\put(0,\the\leg){\framebox(0,0){\strut ``Copy''}} -\end{picture} -\endgroup% \small/\Large -\end{center} -%\caption{Relation SGML and (La)\TeX} -\end{figure} -% -\subsection{SGML and Hypermedia?} The following has been contributed -by Gerard van Nes (from SGML FAQs and -Personal Computer Word, March 1992) -\begin{quote} -`HyTime---Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (ISO/IEC 10744). -HyTime is a standard neutral markup language for representing hypertext, -multimedia, hypermedia and time- and space-based documents in terms of their -logical structure. Its purpose is to make hyperdocuments interoperable -and maintainable over the long term. HyTime can be used to represent -documents containing any combination of digital notations. HyTime is -parsable as Standard Generalized Markup Language. -HyTime was accepted as a full International Standard in spring 1992. - -SGML's hypermedia capabilities have been beefed up in the SGML standard -extension HyTime. Although it started out in life as a specific set of -standards for representing music, it was soon realised that these could -be generalised for multimedia. HyTime provides -\begin{itemize} -\item SGML itself -\item Extended Hyperdocument management facilities, including support for - various types of hyperlink -\item A Coordinate Addressing Facility which positions and synchronises - on-screen events. This allows authors to specify how hypermedia - documents are to be rendered -\item Better version-control of comments and activity-tracking policy support. -\end{itemize} -HyTime has been adapted as the basis for hyperlinking in the US -Department of Defense's Interactive Electronic Technical Manual project. -HyTime is an extension of SGML, providing a set of syntactic constructs: -it doesn't specify a processing system.' -\end{quote} -\noindent Sounds very promising! - - -\subsection{\TeX\ within the context of EP.} -When we think about Electronic Publishing we can't avoid being -aware of the life-cycle of publications. -This obeys the biological invariant: produce, consume and reuse. -\subsection*{Life-cycle: producing.} -The production process has all to do with the dimensions - -\begingroup -\setlength{\unitlength}{1ex} -\begin{picture}(18,15)(2, -1) -\put(5,5){\vector(1,0){5}} -\put(5,5){\vector(0,1){5}} -\put(5,5){\vector(-1,-2){2.5}} -%Text -\put(11,5){Place} -\put(6,10){Representation} -\put(4,0){Time} -\end{picture} -\endgroup - -\noindent and with the characteristics -\begin{itemize} -\item representation of the contents, that is the typesetting proper aspects -\item logistics, that is distribution and selling points---the place dimension -\item reuse, that is the time aspect, when - (parts of) document are reused. -\end{itemize} -The flow can be depicted via - -$$\vbox{\halign{&\enspace\hfil#\hfil\cr -Produce&$\rightarrow$&Distribute&$\rightarrow$&Consume\cr -$\uparrow$&&$\uparrow$&&$\downarrow$\cr -reuse&$\leftarrow$&retrieve&$\leftarrow$&store\cr}}$$ - -\noindent -The big features are the unambiguous mark-up of copy via \AllTeX\ -and the lifetime of the \TeX\ kernel. Therefore storing documents -formatted by \TeX, leaves the reuse aspect open. Reality has it that -documents formatted via \TeX\ are easily redistributed via the electronic -networks, because it is all in ASCII, and \TeX\ is everywhere, so are its -drivers. - -My day-to-day reuse is transforming reports into articles and these -into transparencies. -In this work it is the other way round I'm recollecting elements I have set -earlier. Similarly with the book I'm working on Publishing with \TeX. -Actually my first work in the document preparation area, -in the early eighties, was called `Van rapport naar tranparant.' -% -\subsection*{Life-cycle: consuming.} -\TeX's drivers have not paid attention to other representations as yet, -although an exception is a driver for the blind. -Difficulties in formatting languages different from English have been -exercised in recent years. Undoubtedly research will be devoted -to the aspects hinted at in the diagram given below with the dimensions - -\begingroup -\hbox{\setlength{\unitlength}{1ex} -\begin{picture}(18,14)(2, -1) -\put(5,5){\vector(1,0){5}} -\put(5,5){\vector(0,1){5}} -\put(5,5){\vector(2,-1){5}} -\put(5,5){\vector(-1,-2){2.5}} -%Text -\put(11,5){Level} -\put(11,2.5){Media} -\put(6,10){Senses} -\put(4,0){Language} -\end{picture}%\quad -\vbox to3.5\baselineskip{\halign{#\hfil:&\enspace#\hfil\cr -Senses& eyes, ears, tactile\cr -Level&abridged, full, \ldots\cr -Language&English, Dutch, \ldots\cr} -\vss}}% -\endgroup - -\noindent and with the characteristics -\begin{itemize} -\item choice of consumer language independent of the submitted language, - that is automatic translation -\item choice of representation, that is for example voice - output from written submission. -\end{itemize} -\noindent -Of course the above aspects will -keep research busy for some time to come. -This is the direction multi-media development will go. - -\section{Trends} -Adobe has been the trendsetter of the last decade with respect to new -EP technologies. Recently, I heard about their -PDF---Portable Document Format---which is at the heart of their -Acrobat. Very promising, if not for the tools which come along -with this product. - -I believe that the multi-media information technology will take off in -the next century. -Much is known under the buzzword hypertext. -See the special issue of the Communications of the ACM for -an introductory survey. -As a \TeX ie it is fun to ponder about what niche -there will be for \TeX. At the various TUG meetings people are concerned -about the future of \TeX\ and share their doubts and optimisms. ->From that the following anthology -\begin{itemize} -\item \LaTeX\ is the future, forget about \TeX -\item make \AllTeX\ available on low-cost machines -\item embed \TeX\ etc. in working environments -\item improve \TeX, in short keep it alive -\item provide WYSIWYG user interfaces -\item increase the number of (organized) \AllTeX\ users -\item get \AllTeX\ accepted by publishers (formats, support, fonts, - and the like) -\item get \AllTeX\ accepted by other communities: SGML, - scientific societies -\item provide user guides and templates -\item education is paramount -\item keep it simple and small is beautiful. -\end{itemize} -\noindent and so on. -\paragraph*{Prophecy.} -The demand on IT will be that -\begin{quote} -people can access cost-effectively, and easily, -from their homes the information they need in a representation they wish. -\end{quote} -I envision that the following technologies will influence each other -in realizing the stated prophecy -\begin{itemize} -\item \TeX's role? Embedded in a Hypertext approach? -\item Increased self-publishing -\item Electronic Production \& Consumption \\ - + Photography\\ - + CD\\ - + TV/Radio, video\\ - + PC \\ - + Phone, fax, email \\ - + Holography \\ - + \ldots -\item Involvement of linguists and behaviourists -\end{itemize} -\noindent with the functionalities -\begin{itemize} -\item Various inputs (o.a. voice, photography, \ldots) -\item Diverse outputs -(language, level, media and representation,\ldots) -\end{itemize} -Some years ago I day-dreamed about holographic-based true 3-D `displays,' -as a generalization of computer-assisted interactive TV. -Science-fiction? Wait and see, or better hang on and make it happen! - -\section{Examples} -With a publication we have two main issues: macroscopic and microscopic. -With the first I mean the aspects which govern the total outer level of -a publication, let us say to look upon it as a tree consisting of -\begin{itemize} -\item front matter (front pages (title etc.), publication characteristics, - foreword, table of contents and the like) -\item copy proper (the chapters and their substructures), - and -\item back matter (appendixes with references, index, and other special - items). -\end{itemize} -\noindent These macroscopic aspects are accounted for in so-called formats or -style files. - -The microscopic aspects deal with formatting in the small within paragraphs, -the complex mark-up of math, tables and graphics. - - -Another basic way to look at the matter is that it has all to do with -\begin{quote} -positioning of typographical elements on pages. -\end{quote} -\noindent The following examples, -biased by my own (scientific) needs, are in the main about -\begin{itemize} -\item formats, generic and special -\end{itemize} -\noindent and deal in the small with -\begin{itemize} -\item special texts like programs -\item (displayed) math (formulae, matrices, \ldots) -\item tables -\item graphics -\item bibliographies, and -\item indexes. -\end{itemize} -\noindent So nothing in here about the use of \TeX\ for -non-Latin languages and the design and generation of the needed fonts, -simply because I don't speak them. -I also refrained from including examples about the hobby use---games---% -without a serious reason. -See NTG's PR set for the latter. -See the works of Haralambous with respect to non-Latin languages, and -the work of Horak for (math) \MF{} examples. - -\subsection{Examples: formats.} -In this section some detailed formatting examples are provided. - -I will consider \LaTeX\ as formatter for a rudimentary -house-style, followed by a generic approach customized to \mm{} and \LaTeX's -report style. - -\paragraph*{House-style.} -\LaTeX\ is heavily used for this {\em as-is} -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\documentstyle[options]{house} -%preamble -\begin{document} -%front matter -\title{...} -... -\begin{abstract} -... -\end{abstract} -\tableofcontents -\listoffigures -\listoftables -%copy proper -%\section, \subsection structuring with -%paragraphs with (displayed) math, tables -%and graphics. -%back matter -\begin{thebibliography}{xxx} -\bibitem{dek84} Knuth, D.E (1984):... -... -\end{thebibliography} -%Index material (\makeindex tool) -\end{document} -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -Options are, for example, -the number of columns,\footnote{It is not true in general that switching from - 1-column into 2-column format can be done without altering the mark-up - of displayed math, tables or figures. - At least one must change locally back into - 1-column format, or one has to scale the document element into smaller - size as was done in this paper.} -the size of the used fonts, -the paper size, and the like. - -As style files there are next to report, -the styles book, article, letter, and so on.\footnote{\LaTeX's \SliTeX\ -is a bit different. One can't simply switch from report into slides.} - - -\paragraph*{Generic mark-up.} -Many users start nowadays via \LaTeX. Sooner or later the demand for -a generic approach pops up. -Then the user wishes to -abstract from the concrete formatter and -use some higher-level mark-up for the global structuring commands, customizable -to a concrete formatter of choice.\footnote{This sounds like SGML, but without - its generality and its overhead. I like to call this `SGML on your mind - and \TeX\ in your hands.'} - -The idea is that the {\em user\/} mark-up at the outer level is -as independent as possible from the concrete formatter. -\begin{quote} -A generic approach is needed because of -the variety of environments we live in -and because of their rapid change. -\end{quote} -For the generic approach to become realistic, and to handle it gracefully, -I assume that -\begin{itemize} -\item the opening part is available for the various formats as - templates -\item the copy proper uses as structuring commands \verb|\head| and - the like -\item for the detailed formatting plain \TeX\ is used, - so that this can be used in - \AllTeX\ (math, tables, and graphics) -\item for the end matter a generic approach for the bibliography---see - my BLUe's Bibliography paper---is used -\item for index preparation a non-specific tool is used. -\end{itemize} -With the above a generic approach for a house-style is -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -%Front matter -\opening%To be replaced by template -%Copy proper -% Structured via \head{...} and the like -% with detailed plain mark-up: math, tables, -% line diagrams,... -%Back matter - \bibliography - \index -\closing -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\vskip1ex -\noindent Customization to \mm.\\ -\mm{} is flexible, and alas too much overlooked, -because it lacks a user guide. -Customization of the generic approach to manmac -goes along the following lines to give you an -impression. (Not tested!) -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} - \input manmac - \input manmac.cus%manmac customization - \input man.tem %manmac template - \input toc %table of contents - \input cover %see my manmac blues - %Copy proper - %Back matter - \closing -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\noindent with in \verb|manmac.cus| -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} - %Customization of manmac - %Redefine \beginchapter also non-outer - \def\beginchapter#1 #2#3.#4\par{% - \def\hl{\gdef\hl{\issue\hfil\it\rhead}} - \headline{\hl} - \def\\{ }\xdef\rhead{#4} - {\let\\\cr\halign{\line{\titlefont - \hfil##\hfil}\\#1 #2#3 #4\unskip\\}} - \bigskip\tenpoint\noindent\ignorespaces} - \def\endchapter{\vfill\eject} - % - \newcnt\chpcnt \newcnt\seccnt - \def\head#1{\endchapter\beginchapter - \advance\chpcnt1 \seccnt0 - {} {}\the\chpcnt. #1\endgraf} - \def\subhead#1{\beginsection\advance\seccnt1 - \the\seccnt. #1\endgraf} - \def\bibliography{\beginchapter Bibliography - {}{}.{}\endgraf} - \def\closing{\bye} -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\noindent and with in \verb|manmac.tem| -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\def\opening{ - \def\issue{% - MAPS Special 93.x %issue - }\def\title{% - MAPS Special Template %title - }\def\abstract{% - A template for MAPS Special is provided. - }\def\keywords{% - manmac, MAPS, NTG %keywords - } -} -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\noindent In my Manmac BLUes paper I have worked out a prototype, directed -to customization of \mm. -\begin{quote} -Actually there it was the other way round: -I started from Manmac formatting and abstracted -into independent structures. -\end{quote} -In Manmac BLUes I also worked out \verb|cover|. -Too much detail here. -\vskip1ex -\noindent Customization to \LaTeX.\\ -The `title part'-template is inserted instead of \verb|\opening|, -edited to suit the publication at hand. -In \verb|latex.cus| the macros are supplied to customize the generic -mark-up to \LaTeX. -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -%Begin LaTeX report \opening template -\documentstyle{report} -\input{latex.cus} -\begin{document} -\begin{title}...\end{title} -... -%end LaTeX \opening template -%Copy proper -... -%Back matter -\bibliography -\closing -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\noindent with in \verb|latex.cus| -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\def\head#1{\chapter{#1}} -\def\subhead#1{\section{#}} -\def\bibliography{\appendix - \section*{Bibliography} - \input{lit.dat} - %\input{lit.tex} - \frenchspacing - \def\ls#1{\nul\\#1}%simple - \input{lit.sel} -} -\def\closing{\end{document}} -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\noindent -The above ideas came to mind when working on this paper. -They deserve development, because it has all to do with the -\begin{quote} -user$\leftrightarrow$environment interaction, -\end{quote} -which has always been important. - -\paragraph*{Special texts}are computer programs. -First we like that these -reflect the structure and different quantities (constants, variables, -reserved words, comments etc.) of the program. Second we like that the -programs remain correct while formatting them (meaning: humans hands-off!). -These kind of texts come at two levels -\begin{itemize} -\item the small examples (less than a dozen of lines or so) - which are part of courseware, and -\item the documentation (and listings) of real-life programs. -\end{itemize} -Current practice is that for the first it does not really matter what you use. -For a survey see the compilation of Van Oostrum. -For the second Knuth developed \WEB, which stimulates a programmer to -design and {\em document\/} his program from the beginning, by rewarding him -with pretty-\TeX\ printing of it all via \TANGLE. Actually the hierarchical -way of working has been replaced by a relational approach, with the -documentation related to the various items of a program. -For a survey see Knuth's literal programming article of 1984. - -\subsection{Examples: math.} -The \TeX book has devoted at least 4 chapters to math mark-up: -typing math formula, -more about math, -fine points of math typing, and -displayed equations. - -See also my Math into BLUes paper for % an anthology of pitfalls. -a survey and how to cope with situations which go wrong---not so much that -\TeX\ complains, but the results are different -from what we expected---by innocent mark-up. - -\paragraph*{Displayed math}via (plain) \TeX. -A display is marked up by \$\$ at the beginning and the end. -Within a display the following is generally used -\begin{itemize} -\item just math mark-up -\item \verb|\displaylines|, for multi-liners -\item \verb|\(l)eqalign|, for aligned formulas\footnote{(l) denotes that - the numbering appears at the left instead of the default right.} -\item \verb|\(l)eqalignno|, similar to the above, but numbering per line. -\end{itemize} -For numbering there is the primitive \verb|\eqno|. -\vskip1ex\noindent ->From a user point of view the following are representative structures -\begingroup%local -%From plain; in LaTeX context the defs below should be grouped -\newskip\centering \centering=0pt plus 1000pt minus 1000pt -\catcode`\@=11 -\newdimen\netdpw -%The next is necessary because LaTeX redefined it!!!!!; -%\equalign with numbering went wrong! -% -\def\eqalign#1{%Changed TB361: dynamic number of alignment positions -%\, Had to be removed for two-column output, see TB189 (top) -\vcenter{\openup1\jot\m@th - \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&& %Change is extra & - $\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\crcr - #1\crcr}}\,} -\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip=\centering - \halign to \displaywidth{\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip=0pt - &$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip=\centering - &\llap{$##$}\tabskip=0pt\crcr - #1\crcr}} -\def\leqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip=\centering - \halign to \displaywidth{\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip=0pt - &$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip=\centering - &\kern-\displaywidth\rlap{$##$}\tabskip=\displaywidth\crcr - #1\crcr}} -\def\midinsert{\bgroup\smallskip} -\def\endinsert{\smallskip\egroup} -\catcode`\@=12 - -%Display math examples for Mededelingen van het Wiskundig Genootschap, -%13/4/92, cgl@rug.nl -\def\com#1{{\tt\char92#1}} -% -%Essential ways of formula numbering num.tex -\begin{itemize} -\item Labeled 1-line -$$\sin2x=2\sin x\, \cos x - \eqno(\hbox{TB186})$$ -\item Three lines, second flushed right -(relevant for 2-column printing) -$$\displaylines{F(z)= -a_0+{a_1\over z}+{a_2\over z^2}+\cdots - +{a_{n-1}\over z^{n-1}}+R_n(z),\cr - \hfill n=1,2,\dots\,,\cr -\hfill F(z)\sim\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nz^{-n}, - \quad z\to\infty\qquad\qquad\hfill - \llap{(TB ex19.16)}\cr}$$ -\item Two lines aligned, with middle labeling -$$\eqalign{\cos2x&=2\cos^2x-1\cr - &=\cos^2x-\sin^2x\cr} - \eqno(\hbox{TB193})$$ -\item Two lignes aligned, with labeling per line -$$\eqalignno{ -\cosh2x&=2\cosh^2x-1&(\hbox{TB192})\cr - &=\cosh^2x+\sinh^2x\cr}$$ -\end{itemize} -\noindent obtained via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\begin{itemize} -\item Labeled 1-line -$$\sin2x=2\sin x\, \cos x - \eqno(\hbox{TB186})$$ -\item Three lines, second flushed right -(relevant for 2-column printing) -$$\displaylines{F(z)= -a_0+{a_1\over z}+{a_2\over z^2}+\cdots - +{a_{n-1}\over z^{n-1}}+R_n(z),\cr - \hfill n=1,2,\dots\,,\cr -\hfill F(z)\sim\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nz^{-n}, - \quad z\to\infty\qquad\qquad\hfill - \llap{(TB ex19.16)}\cr}$$ -\item Two lines aligned, - with middle labeling -$$\eqalign{\cos2x&=2\cos^2x-1\cr - &=\cos^2x-\sin^2x\cr} - \eqno(\hbox{TB193})$$ -\item Two lignes aligned, - with labeling per line -$$\eqalignno{ -\cosh2x&=2\cosh^2x-1&(\hbox{TB192})\cr - &=\cosh^2x+\sinh^2x\cr}$$ -\end{itemize} -\end{verbatim}\endgroup - -\paragraph*{Matrices}via (plain) \TeX. -The examples show paradoxically that for practical use -we not only need \cs{matrix}, but -\begin{itemize} -\item \verb|\atop|, to stack elements on top of each other -\item \verb|\bordermatrix|, for bordered matrices, and this embedded within - \verb|\displaylines| -\item \verb|\halign|, to handle partitioning, and -\item some macros tailored to our situations, like the icon set. -\end{itemize} -%Samples for TeXing matrices for Mededelingen Wiskundig Genootschap%cgl@rug.nl -\noindent Examples -\begin{itemize} -\item {Hypergeometric function} -$$M_n(z)={}_{n+1}F_n\biggl({k+a_0, - \atop\phantom{kc_1}} - {k+a_1,\dots,k+a_n - \atop k+c_1,\dots,k+c_n};z\biggr)$$ -via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -$$M_n(z)={}_{n+1}F_n\biggl({k+a_0, - \atop\phantom{kc_1}} - {k+a_1,\dots,k+a_n - \atop k+c_1,\dots,k+c_n};z\biggr)$$ -\end{verbatim}\endgroup - -\item {Some matrix icons}, Wilkinson (1965) -%LaTeX use of linefonts for diag lines -\setlength{\unitlength}{1ex} -$$\icmat44\kern\unitlength\icllt44= - \icllt44\icuh413\qquad AL=LH$$ -$$\icmat63=\icmat63 -\kern\unitlength\icurt63\qquad A=QR$$ -%rectangular matrix\hfill$\icmat64$\\ -%lower left triangular matrix\hfill $\icllt44$\\ -%upper right triangular matrix \hfill$\icurt44$\\ -%upper Hessenberg f form \hfill $\icuh413$ -via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -$$\icmat44\kern\unitlength\icllt44= - \icllt44\icuh413\qquad AL=LH$$ -$$\icmat63=\icmat63 -\kern\unitlength\icurt63\qquad A=QR$$ -\end{verbatim}\endgroup - -\noindent See for the matrix icon macros my paper on the issue. -% -\item {Matrix reductions}, -Wilkinson(1965, p357) %---i.e.\ Math `hyphenation' -$$\displaylines{\indent -\bordermatrix{& &\rm A & \cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr} -\bordermatrix{& &\rm N & \cr - &1& & \cr - &0&1 & \cr - &0&\times&1\cr}\hfill\cr -\hfill= -\bordermatrix{& &\rm N & \cr - &1& & \cr - &0&1 & \cr - &0&\times&1\cr} -\bordermatrix{& &\rm H & \cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr - &0 &\times&\times\cr} -}$$ -via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -$$\displaylines{\indent -\bordermatrix{& &\rm A & \cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr} -\bordermatrix{& &\rm N & \cr - &1& & \cr - &0&1 & \cr - &0&\times&1\cr}\hfill\cr -\hfill= -\bordermatrix{& &\rm N & \cr - &1& & \cr - &0&1 & \cr - &0&\times&1\cr} -\bordermatrix{& &\rm H & \cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr - &\times&\times&\times\cr - &0 &\times&\times\cr} -}$$ -\end{verbatim}\endgroup% -\item {Partitioning}, -Wilkinson(1965, p291) -$$P_r=\left(\vcenter{ - \offinterlineskip\tabskip0pt - \halign{ - \vrule height3ex depth1ex width 0pt - \hfil$\enspace#\enspace$\hfil - \vrule width.1pt\relax - &\hfil$\enspace#\enspace$\hfil\cr - I_{n-r}&0\cr - \noalign{\hrule height.1pt\relax} - 0 &I-2v_rv_r^T\cr} - }\right) $$ -via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -$$P_r=\left(\vcenter{ - \offinterlineskip\tabskip0pt - \halign{ - \vrule height3ex depth1ex width 0pt - \hfil$\enspace#\enspace$\hfil - \vrule width.1pt\relax - &\hfil$\enspace#\enspace$\hfil\cr - I_{n-r}&0\cr - \noalign{\hrule height.1pt\relax} - 0 &I-2v_rv_r^T\cr} - }\right) $$ -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\end{itemize} -\endgroup - -\begingroup\noindent -Next some examples without the mark-up, just the -results, because they are real teasers. -\begin{itemize} -\item Braces and Matrices, Wilkinson(1965, p199) -$$\vcenter{ - \hbox{${\scriptstyle\phantom{n{-}}p} - \left\{\vrule height4.5ex width0pt - depth 0pt\right.$}\vglue3ex\relax - \hbox{${\scriptstyle n{-}p} - \left\{\vrule height3.0ex width0pt - depth 0pt\right.\kern2pt$} - \vglue.5ex\relax - } -\bordermatrix{&\multispan4{\hfil -$\overbrace{\vrule height0pt width10.5ex - depth0pt}^p$}\hfil - &\multispan3{\enspace\hfil -$\overbrace{\vrule height0pt width7.5ex - depth0pt}^{n-p}$}\hfil\cr -&\times&\times&\times&\times&\times& - \times&\times\cr -&0 &\times&\times&\times&\times& - \times&\times\cr -&0 &0 &\times&\times&\times& - \times&\times\cr -&0 &0 &0 &\times&\times& - \times&\times\cr -&0 &0 &0 &0 &\times& - \times&\times\cr -&0 &0 &0 &0 &\times& - \times&\times\cr -&0 &0 &0 &0 &\times& - \times&\times\cr -}$$ -\item -Matrices, braces, (dotted) partitioning -and icons; space efficient variant -%The simplest way is to make the 22-element -%separate, and measure the sizes. -%Subsequently one easily couples these -%sizes to the sizes of the braces. -%Hard things: automatic coupling, -%vertical dotted lines. -% -\def\vdts{\vbox{\baselineskip4pt - \lineskiplimit0pt - \vglue2pt\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}}% -$$ -\vcenter{\offinterlineskip%No interline -% space in between parts -\halign{\hfil$#$&\hfil$#$\hfil\cr%2-column -%first row with braces, element 11 empty -{}&\hfil\enspace\mathop{\hbox to.9cm% - {\downbracefill}}\limits^{\vbox{\hbox{ - $\scriptstyle p$}\kern2pt}} - \enspace\hfil\mathop{\hbox to.6cm% - {\downbracefill}}\limits^{\vbox{\hbox to - 0pt{\hss$\scriptstyle n-p$\hss}\kern2pt}}% - \enspace\hfil\cr % end first row -%Separation between first (border) row and -%rest -\noalign{\vglue1ex} -%first column with braces -\vcenter{\vfil - \hbox{${\scriptstyle p}\left\{\vbox - to.8cm{}\right.$}\vfil\vglue2ex\vfil - \hbox{\llap{$\scriptstyle n{-}$}% - ${\scriptstyle p}\left\{\vbox to.5cm{} - \right.$}\vfil} -&%22-element is the matrix proper -\left(\vcenter{\offinterlineskip -\halign{\hfil$#$\hfil&\hfil$#$\hfil& -\hfil$#$\hfil&\hfil$#$\hfil -\tabskip=.5\tabskip&\vdts#& -\tabskip=2\tabskip -\hfil$#$\hfil&\hfil$#$\hfil& -\hfil$#$\hfil\cr%end template -\times&\times&\times&\times&&\times& - \times&\times\cr -0 &\times&\times&\times&&\times& - \times&\times\cr -0 &0 &\times&\times&&\times& - \times&\times\cr -0 &0 &0 &\times&&\times& - \times&\times\cr -\noalign{\vglue1ex} -\multispan8\dotfill\cr -0 &0 &0 &0 &&\times& - \times&\times\cr -0 &0 &0 &0 &&\times& - \times&\times\cr -0 &0 &0 &0 &&\times& -\times&\times\cr}%end halign (22) -}%end vcenter -\right)\cr %end 22-element -%Separation between last (border) row -%and rest -\noalign{\vglue1ex} -{}&\hfil\enspace\mathop{\hbox to.9cm{% - \upbracefill}}\limits_{\vbox{\kern2pt - \icurt42}} - \enspace\hfil - \mathop{\hbox to.6cm{% - \upbracefill}}\limits_{\vbox{\kern2pt - \icmat4{1.5}}}\enspace\hfil% -\cr % end last row -}%end halign -}%end vbox -$$ -\item Other interesting two-dimensional -structures are commutative diagrams. Consult for those Spivak's -\LAMSTeX.\footnote{Within the graphics section I - have supplied a simple example, however.} - -\noindent Interestingly enough, simple commutative diagrams are done by -\verb|\matrix|, while I would expect some graphic commands. -\end{itemize} -\endgroup - -\subsection{Examples: tables.} -For (full) rectangular tables \verb|\halign| or \verb|\valign| is generally -used, when they fit on the page. -Because of determining automatically the page breaks it might happen that -the page builder would like to split a table. Generally this is bad -typography, because we like to maintain the summary character of a table -all on one page.\footnote{When the latter is not important, for example for - tables of values which goes on for pages, we can modify - the row separator into a separator which allows line breaks. - For tables which don't fit on a page - there are special macros, like {\tt supertabular.sty}.} -A table smaller than the page should fit and in order to let that happen -we generally allow tables to float, that is they may be shifted around -a bit by the page builder. -For a survey on the issue see my Table Diversions paper, which also contains -a macro for handling bordered tables---the {\tt btable} macro (some 80 lines), -and used in this work (see later). - - Another important class of tables are the so-called trees. One can argue -whether they are tables or belong to graphics. Br\"uggeman-Klein has provided -a package called Tree\TeX. The user-interface looks good, -although I have not had any personal experience with it myself yet. - -\paragraph*{Simple tables}via (plain) \TeX. -When I read Furuta a decade ago, I was impressed by the ease of mark-up -for tables via the tbl preprocessor of troff.\footnote{Because of - that I was in favour of troff and its preprocessors. - Happily a math professor stressed the importance of \TeX, and because - UNIX was not widely available at the University, I entered \TeX-land.} -Below I'll show that a similar functionality---and some more, I also - abstracted from the kinds of rules, and the positioning of the elements---% -is provided with respect to tables -by my btable macro for the class of bordered tables, -where the (possibly complicated) headers are treated separately -and independently from the (proper) table data, and the rowstub list. - -\begingroup -%\input{btable.tex} -%btable.tex version 1, 15/7/92 author: cgl@rug.nl -%Table Diversions is Published in EuroTeX92 proceedings, and MAPS92.2 -%The article discusses typsetting tables via plain, surveys related work, -%introduces btable.tex, and provides a discipline for typesetting cell-blocks. -%Example of use (from the article) -%\def\data{2\cs7\cs6\rs -% 9\cs5\cs1\rs -% 4\cs3\cs8} -%\ruled\framed\btable\data -%Below is the btable macro listed -\newbox\tbl\let\ea=\expandafter -%Cell vertical size, row height and depth (separation implicit), -\newdimen\cvsize\newdimen\tsht\newdimen\tsdp\newdimen\tvsize\newdimen\thsize -%Parameter setting macros: Rules -\def\hruled{\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}\def\colsep{} \def\rowsep{\hrule} - \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep} -\def\vruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil} \def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{} - \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\hrule} -\def\ruled {\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}\def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{\hrule} - \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep} -\def\nonruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil} \def\colsep{} \def\rowsep{} - \def\rowstbsep{\vrule}\def\headersep{\hrule}} -\def\dotruled{\def\lineglue{\dotfill}\def\rowsep{\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}} -\def\colsep{\lower1.5\tsdp\vbox to\cvsize{% -\leaders\hbox to0pt{\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt\hss.\hss}\vfil}} -\let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep} -%Parameter setting macros: Controling positioning -\def\ctr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{\hfil}}%Centered -\def\fll{\def\lft{} \def\rgt{\hfil}}%Flushed left -\def\flr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{}} %Flushed right -%Parameter setting macros: Framing -\def\framed{\let\frameit=\boxit} -\def\nonframed{\def\frameit##1{##1}} -\def\dotframed{\let\frameit=\dotboxit} -% -\def\btable#1{\vbox{\let\rsl=\rowstblst%Copy -\ifx\empty\template\ifx\empty\rowstblst - \def\template{\colsepsurround\lft####\rgt&&\lft####\rgt\cr} - \else\def\template{\colsepsurround####\hfil&&\lft####\rgt\cr}\fi - \fi -\tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize -\def\tstrut{\vrule height\tsht depth\tsdp width0pt} -%Logical mark up of column and row separators, via use of -\def\cs{&\colsepsurround\colsep\colsepsurround&} -\def\prs{&\colsepsurround\lineglue&} -\def\srp{&\lineglue\colsepsurround&} -\def\rs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr - \ifx\empty\rowsep\else\noalign{\rowsep}\fi - \ifx\empty\rowstblst\else\ea\nxtrs\fi} -\def\rss{&\colsepsurround\rowstbsep\colsepsurround&} -\def\hs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr - \ifx\empty\headersep\else\noalign{\headersep}\fi - \ifx\empty\rowstblst\else\ea\nxtrs\fi} -\preinsert -\setbox\tbl=\vbox{\tabskip=0pt\relax\offinterlineskip -\halign{\span\template\ifx\empty\first\ifx\empty\rowstblst\else -\ifx\empty\header\else\ea\rss\fi\fi\else\first\ea\rss\fi -\ifx\empty\header\ifx\empty\first\if\empty\rsl\else\ea\nxtrs\fi - \else\ea\hs\fi -\else\header\ea\hs\fi -#1\colsepsurround\tstrut\crcr} }%end setbox -\postinsert -\ifx\caption\empty\else\hbox to\thsize{\strut\hfil\caption\hss}\captionsep\fi -\frameit{\copy\tbl} -\ifx\footer\empty\else\footersep\hbox{\vtop{\noindent\hsize=\thsize% -\footer}}\fi }} -%Defaults -\cvsize=4ex\tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize\def\colsepsurround{\kern.5em} -\ctr\nonruled -\def\caption{}\def\first{}\def\header{}\def\rowstblst{}\def\footer{}\def\data{} -\def\captionsep{\medskip} \def\headersep{\hrule} -\def\footersep{\smallskip} \def\rowstbsep{\vrule} -\def\preinsert{} -\def\postinsert{\global\thsize=\wd\tbl - \global\tvsize=\ht\tbl\global\advance\tvsize by\dp\tbl} -\ctr\nonruled\nonframed\def\template{} %end Defaults -%Auxiliaries -\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\vbox{#1}\vrule}\hrule}} -\def\dotboxit#1{\vbox{\offinterlineskip\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}% -\hbox{\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{% -\leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss}\vfil}% -\vbox{#1}\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{% -\leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss}\vfil}}% -\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}}} -%And to account for logical columns with \multispan -\def\spicspan{\span\omit} -\def\multispan#1{\omit\mscount=#1\multiply\mscount by2 \advance\mscount by-1 -\loop\ifnum\mscount>1 \spicspan\advance\mscount by-1 \repeat} -%To process FIFO -\def\bfifo#1{\ifx\efifo#1\let\nxt=\relax\else\def\nxt{\process#1\bfifo}% - \fi\nxt}%end \bfifo -\def\process#1{\hbox to0pt{\hss#1\hss}\kern.5ex} -%To handle row stub list -\def\nxtrs{\ifx\empty\rsl%\let\nxtel=\relax -\else\def\nxtel{\ea\nrs\rsl\srn}\ea\nxtel\fi}%next Row Stub -\def\nrs#1#2\srn{\gdef\rsl{#2}#1\rss} %end btable.tex -% -\def\data{11\cs12\rs21\cs22} -\begin{itemize} -\item just framed data - $$\vcenter{\framed\btable\data}$$ -\item add header and rowstubs - \def\header{\multispan2\hfill - Header\hfill} - \def\rowstblst{{$1^{st}$ row}% - {{$2^{nd}$ row}}} - $$\vcenter{\btable\data}$$ -\item add caption and footer, - vary via dotted lines - \def\caption{Caption}\def\footer{Footer} - $$\vcenter{\dotruled\btable\data}$$ -\item vary with ruled and framed - $$\vcenter{\ruled\framed\btable\data}$$ -\end{itemize} -via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\def\data{11\cs12\rs21\cs22} -\begin{itemize} -\item just framed data - $$\vcenter{\framed\btable\data}$$ -\item add header and rowstubs - \def\header{\multispan2\hfill - Header\hfill} - \def\rowstblst{{$1^{st}$ row}% - {{$2^{nd}$ row}}} - $$\vcenter{\btable\data}$$ -\item add caption and footer, - vary via dotted lines - \def\caption{Caption}\def\footer{Footer} - $$\vcenter{\dotruled\btable\data}$$ -\item vary with ruled and framed - $$\vcenter{\ruled\framed\btable\data}$$ -\end{itemize} -\end{verbatim}\endgroup - -\paragraph*{Real-life.} AT\&T's example -from the tbl (troff) documentation, also supplied in \TeX book p.247 -\begingroup -%\cite{lesk79} -\def\caption{AT\&T Common Stock} -\def\header{Year\cs Price\cs Dividend} -\catcode`?=\active \def?{\kern1.1ex} -\def\data{1971\cs41--54\cs\llap{\$}2.60\rs - 2\cs41--54\cs 2.70\rs - 3\cs46--55\cs 2.87\rs - 4\cs40--53\cs 3.24\rs - 5\cs45--52\cs 3.40\rs - 6\cs51--59\cs ?.95\rlap*} -\def\footer{* (first quarter only)} -$$\vcenter{\vbox{\small - \framed\ruled\btable\data}}$$ -The above is obtained via \verb|\btable| as follows -\endgroup -% -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\def\caption{AT\&T Common Stock} -\def\header{Year\cs Price\cs Dividend} -\catcode`?=\active \def?{\kern1.1ex} -\def\data{1971\cs41--54\cs\llap{\$}2.60\rs - 2\cs41--54\cs 2.70\rs - 3\cs46--55\cs 2.87\rs - 4\cs40--53\cs 3.24\rs - 5\cs45--52\cs 3.40\rs - 6\cs51--59\cs ?.95\rlap*} -\def\footer{* (first quarter only)} -$$\vcenter{\vbox{\small - \framed\ruled\btable\data}}$$ -\end{verbatim} -\endgroup -\endgroup -\subsection{Examples: graphics.} -The portable way is via \mmt, \LaTeX's picture environment, -or PiC\TeX. -For a survey see Clark's Portable Graphics in \TeX\ paper. -\TeX tures on the Macintosh by Blue Sky Research is famous for its -(non-portable) pic{\em tures\/} with \TeX. For inclusion of -photographs and in general halftones, see the work of Sowa.\footnote{On the - Mac one can easily incorporate photos after they - having been put onto CD in digitized form. Kodak provides the latter - service.} -For drawing on the screen and get (La)\TeX\ code out see GNUplot -or \TeX CAD, for example. - -Many disciplines make use of -special graphic diagrams. In this paper for example I won't -provide examples of -trees, -(math) graphs in general, -(advanced) commutative diagrams, -nor Feynmann diagrams, -to name but a few classes known to me. -\begin{itemize} -\item simple line diagrams via \mmt -\begingroup -\def\strut{\vrule height2.5ex depth1ex width0pt} -\def\fbox#1{\setbox0\hbox{\strut - $\;$#1$\,$}\leavevmode\rlap{\copy0}% - \makelightbox} -\def\element#1{\hbox to15ex{\hss#1\hss}} -\def\vconnector{\element{\strut\vrule}} -$$\hbox{\vbox{% -\element{\fbox{amsppt.sty}} -\vconnector -\element{\fbox{amstex.tex}} -\vconnector -\element{\fbox{\TeX}}} -\qquad\qquad\qquad -\vbox{% -\element{\fbox{amsart.sty}} -\vconnector -\element{\llap{\fbox{amstex.sty}---}% - \fbox{\LaTeX}} -\vconnector -\element{\fbox{\TeX}}} -}$$ -\endgroup -\noindent via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -$$\hbox{\vbox{% -\element{\fbox{amsppt.sty}} -\vconnector -\element{\fbox{amstex.tex}} -\vconnector -\element{\fbox{\TeX}} -}\qquad\qquad\qquad\vbox{% -\element{\fbox{amsart.sty}} -\vconnector -\element{\llap{\fbox{amstex.sty}---} - \fbox{\LaTeX}} -\vconnector -\element{\fbox{\TeX}} -}}$$ -\end{verbatim}\endgroup - -\noindent with the auxiliaries -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\def\strut{\vrule height2.5ex depth1ex - width0pt} -\def\fbox#1{\setbox0\hbox{\strut - $\;$#1$\,$}\leavevmode\rlap{\copy0}% - \makelightbox} -\def\element#1{\hbox to15ex{\hss#1\hss}} -\def\vconnector{\element{\strut\vrule}} . -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\item flow chart borrowed from Furuta, via \LaTeX - -\noindent -%\input{pic.pic} -\begingroup\small -\setlength{\unitlength}{4ex} -\begin{picture}(14,4)(0,-1) -\put(1, 1){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(1, 1){\makebox(0, 0){Start}} -\put(2, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(3.5,.25){\framebox(2,1.5){\shortstack - {\tiny Edit\\\tiny Document}}} -\put(5.5, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(7,.25){\framebox(2,1.5){\shortstack - {\tiny Format\\\tiny Document}}} -\put(9, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(11.5, 1){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(11.5, 1){\makebox(0, 0){End}} -\bezier{75}(4.5,.25)(6.25,-1)(8,.25) -\put(4.5,.25){\vector(-2, 1){0}} -\bezier{150}(4.5,1.75)(8,4)(11.5,1.5) -\put(11.5,1.5){\vector(2,-1){0}} -\end{picture} -\endgroup - -\par\noindent -via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\setlength{\unitlength}{4ex} -\begin{picture}(14,4)(0,-1) -\put(1, 1){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(1, 1){\makebox(0, 0){Start}} -\put(2, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(3.5,.25){\framebox(2,1.5){\shortstack - {\tiny Edit\\\tiny Document}}} -\put(5.5, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(7,.25){\framebox(2,1.5){\shortstack - {\tiny Format\\\tiny Document}}} -\put(9, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}} -\put(11.5, 1){\oval(2, 1)} -\put(11.5, 1){\makebox(0, 0){End}} -\bezier{75}(4.5,.25)(6.25,-1)(8,.25) -\put(4.5,.25){\vector(-2, 1){0}} -\bezier{150}(4.5,1.75)(8,4)(11.5,1.5) -\put(11.5,1.5){\vector(2,-1){0}} -\end{picture} -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\par\noindent -Although the specification is -not as easy as via the pic preprocessor, -it is not difficult when we -start from a template, like the one above. -Cumbersome is the treatment of the arrow heads, but these can be hidden. -\item a pie-chart via \LaTeX - -%\input{lus.pic} -\setlength{\unitlength}{6ex} -\begin{picture}(6, 5)(-3, -2) -%1st quadrant -%\bezier{100}(2, 0)(2, .54)(1.79, .89) - % 0 - `30' 2:1-lijn -\bezier{60}(1.79, .89)(1.46, 1.46)(1, 1.73) - % `30' - 60 -\bezier{60}(1, 1.73)(.54, 2)(0, 2) - % 60 - 90 -%2nd quadrant -\bezier{60}(0, 2)(-.54, 2)(-1, 1.73) - % 90 - 120 -\bezier{60}(-1,1.73)(-1.46,1.46)(-1.73,1) - %120 - 150 -\bezier{60}(-1.73, 1)(-2, .54)(-2, 0) - %150 - 180 -%3rd quadrant -\bezier{60}(-2, 0)(-2, -.54)(-1.73, -1) - %180 - 210 -\bezier{60}(-1.73,-1)(-1.46,-1.46)(-1,-1.73) - %210 -240 -\bezier{60}(-1, -1.73)(-.54, -2)(0, -2) - %240 - 270 -%4th quadrant -\bezier{60}(0, -2)(.54, -2)(1, -1.73) - %270 - 300 -\bezier{60}(1,-1.73)(1.46,-1.46)(1.73,-1) - %300 - 330 -\bezier{60}(1.73, -1)(2, -.54)(2, 0) - %330 - 360 -%division lines -\put(0, 0){\line(1, 0){2}} -\put(0, 0){\line(2, 1){1.79}} - %1.79 = 2 cos arctg .5 -%\put(0, 0){\line(-2, 1){1.79}} -\bezier{75}(0, 0)(-.81, .59)(-1.61, 1.18) - %-.81 = cos 144; .59 = sin 144 -%\put(0, 0){\line(-1, -2){.89}} - % .89 = 2 sin arctg .5 -\bezier{75}(0, 0)(-.59, -.81)(-1.18, -1.62) - %-.59 = cos -126; -.81 = sin -126 -%piece -\bezier{60}(2.5, 0.1)(2.5, .64)(2.29, .99) - % shift .5, .1 -\put(0.5, 0.1){\line(1, 0){2}} -\put(0.5, 0.1){\line(2, 1){1.79}} -%Candles: -\bezier{20}(0,1.31)(-.15,1.45)(0,1.61) -\bezier{20}(0,1.31)(.175,1.45)(0,1.61) -\put(-.1,.1){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(.1,.05){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(.1,1){\line(-2,3){.2}} -%left -\bezier{20}(-.25,1.46)(-.40,1.6)(-.25,1.76) -\bezier{20}(-.25,1.46)(-.075,1.6)(-.25,1.76) -\put(-.35,.25){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(-.15,.2){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(-.15,1.15){\line(-2,3){.2}} -%right -\bezier{20}(.25,1.46)(.40,1.6)(.25,1.76) -\bezier{20}(.25,1.46)(.075,1.6)(.25,1.76) -\put(.35,.25){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(.15,.2){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(.15,1.15){\line(2,3){.2}} -%leftleft -\bezier{20}(-.5,1.61)(-.65,1.75)(-.5,1.91) -\bezier{20}(-.5,1.61)(-.325,1.75)(-.5,1.91) -\put(-.6,.4){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(-.4,.35){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(-.4,1.3){\line(-2,3){.2}} -%rightright -\bezier{20}(.5,1.61)(.65,1.75)(.5,1.91) -\bezier{20}(.5,1.61)(.325,1.75)(.5,1.91) -\put(.6,.4){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(.4,.35){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(.4,1.3){\line(2,3){.2}} -%texts -\put(-1, -.1){\makebox(0, 0){\strut Happy}} -\put(.5, -1){\makebox(0, 0){\strut Birthday}} -\put(1.9, .35){\makebox(0, 0){\strut NTG}} -\end{picture} - -\par\noindent via -\begingroup\small -%\begingroup\small -\begin{verbatim} -\setlength{\unitlength}{6ex} -\begin{picture}(6, 5)(-3, -2) -%1st quadrant -%\bezier{100}(2, 0)(2, .54)(1.79, .89) - % 0 - `30' 2:1-line -\bezier{60}(1.79, .89)(1.46, 1.46)(1, 1.73) - % `30' - 60 -\bezier{60}(1, 1.73)(.54, 2)(0, 2) - % 60 - 90 -%2nd quadrant -\bezier{60}(0, 2)(-.54, 2)(-1, 1.73) - % 90 - 120 -\bezier{60}(-1,1.73)(-1.46,1.46)(-1.73,1) - %120 - 150 -\bezier{60}(-1.73, 1)(-2, .54)(-2, 0) - %150 - 180 -%3rd quadrant -\bezier{60}(-2, 0)(-2, -.54)(-1.73, -1) - %180 - 210 -\bezier{60}(-1.73,-1)(-1.46,-1.46)(-1,-1.73) - %210 -240 -\bezier{60}(-1, -1.73)(-.54, -2)(0, -2) - %240 - 270 -%4th quadrant -\bezier{60}(0, -2)(.54, -2)(1, -1.73) - %270 - 300 -\bezier{60}(1,-1.73)(1.46,-1.46)(1.73,-1) - %300 - 330 -\bezier{60}(1.73, -1)(2, -.54)(2, 0) - %330 - 360 -%division lines -\put(0, 0){\line(1, 0){2}} -\put(0, 0){\line(2, 1){1.79}} - %1.79 = 2 cos arctg .5 -%\put(0, 0){\line(-2, 1){1.79}} -\bezier{75}(0, 0)(-.81, .59)(-1.61, 1.18) - %-.81 = cos 144; .59 = sin 144 -%\put(0, 0){\line(-1, -2){.89}} - % .89 = 2 sin arctg .5 -\bezier{75}(0, 0)(-.59, -.81)(-1.18, -1.62) - %-.59 = cos -126; -.81 = sin -126 -%piece -\bezier{60}(2.5, 0.1)(2.5, .64)(2.29, .99) - % shift .5, .1 -\put(0.5, 0.1){\line(1, 0){2}} -\put(0.5, 0.1){\line(2, 1){1.79}} -%Candles: -\bezier{20}(0,1.31)(-.15,1.45)(0,1.61) -\bezier{20}(0,1.31)(.175,1.45)(0,1.61) -\put(-.1,.1){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(.1,.05){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(.1,1){\line(-2,3){.2}} -%left -\bezier{20}(-.25,1.46)(-.40,1.6)(-.25,1.76) -\bezier{20}(-.25,1.46)(-.075,1.6)(-.25,1.76) -\put(-.35,.25){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(-.15,.2){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(-.15,1.15){\line(-2,3){.2}} -%right -\bezier{20}(.25,1.46)(.40,1.6)(.25,1.76) -\bezier{20}(.25,1.46)(.075,1.6)(.25,1.76) -\put(.35,.25){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(.15,.2){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(.15,1.15){\line(2,3){.2}} -%leftleft -\bezier{20}(-.5,1.61)(-.65,1.75)(-.5,1.91) -\bezier{20}(-.5,1.61)(-.325,1.75)(-.5,1.91) -\put(-.6,.4){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(-.4,.35){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(-.4,1.3){\line(-2,3){.2}} -%rightright -\bezier{20}(.5,1.61)(.65,1.75)(.5,1.91) -\bezier{20}(.5,1.61)(.325,1.75)(.5,1.91) -\put(.6,.4){\line(0,1){1.2}} -\put(.4,.35){\line(0,1){.95}} -\put(.4,1.3){\line(2,3){.2}} -%texts -\put(-1, -.1){\makebox(0, 0){\strut Happy}} -\put(.5, -1){\makebox(0, 0){\strut Birthday}} -\put(1.9, .35){\makebox(0, 0){\strut NTG}} -\end{picture} -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\noindent -The above use of the bezier splines makes the -creation of scaling invariant circles -easier than the approach by Ramek in the proceedings of -\TeX eter '88. - -\item commutative diagrams (\LAMSTeX, \ldots). As a simple example -the calculation flow of the autocorrelation -function, -$a_f$, inspired by the \TeX Book ex18.46, p.358. -${\cal F}$ denotes the Fourier transform and -${\cal F}\strut^{-}$ the inverse Fourier transform -\vskip1ex -% -\def\lllongrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel% - \relbar\joinrel\relbar\joinrel% - \relbar\joinrel\rightarrow} -\def\llongrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel% - \relbar\joinrel\rightarrow} -\def\normalbaselines{% - \baselineskip20pt - \lineskip3pt - \lineskiplimit3pt} -\def\mapright#1{\smash{\mathop{ - \llongrightarrow}\limits^{#1}}} -\def\lmapright#1{\smash{\mathop{ - \lllongrightarrow}\limits^{#1}}} -\def\mapdown#1{\Big\downarrow - \rlap{$\vcenter{\hbox{$#1$}}$}} -\def\mapup#1{\Big\uparrow - \rlap{$\vcenter{\hbox{$#1$}}$}} -$$%Diagram -\matrix{f&\lmapright\otimes&a_f\cr - \mapdown{{\cal F}}&&\mapup{% - {\cal F}\strut^{-}}\cr - \hbox to 0pt{\hss${\cal F}(f)$\hss} - &\mapright\times\hfil& - \hbox to 0pt{\hss$\bigl({\cal F}(f) - \bigr)^2$\hss}\cr} -\qquad$$%a little to the left -via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -$$\matrix{f&\lmapright\otimes&a_f\cr - \mapdown{{\cal F}}&&\mapup{% - {\cal F}\strut^{-}}\cr - \hbox to 0pt{\hss${\cal F}(f)$\hss} - &\mapright\times\hfil& - \hbox to 0pt{\hss$\bigl({\cal F}(f) - \bigr)^2$\hss}\cr}$$ -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -\noindent with auxiliaries -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\def\lllongrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel% - \relbar\joinrel\relbar\joinrel% - \relbar\joinrel\rightarrow} -\def\llongrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel% - \relbar\joinrel\rightarrow} -\def\normalbaselines{% - \baselineskip20pt - \lineskip3pt - \lineskiplimit3pt} -\def\mapright#1{\smash{\mathop{ - \llongrightarrow}\limits^{#1}}} -\def\lmapright#1{\smash{\mathop{ - \lllongrightarrow}\limits^{#1}}} -\def\mapdown#1{\Big\downarrow - \rlap{$\vcenter{\hbox{$#1$}}$}} -\def\mapup#1{\Big\uparrow - \rlap{$\vcenter{\hbox{$#1$}}$}} -\end{verbatim}\endgroup - -\item \MF{} coupled to \TeX. Leading in this area is the work of Hoenig, for -example see his `When \TeX\ and \MF{} work together.' -He has worked out the printing along curved lines, -and the typesetting of paragraphs which flow around -arbitrary shapes! -Very powerul, but not simple to use for the moment. -It looks like going back to the roots, -because Knuth's first version of the `\TeX book' contained it all: -`\TeX\ and \MF{}, New directions in typesetting.' - -\item (encapsulated) \PS. Knuth left some niches for handling these - kinds of things via the \cs{special} command. A very nice survey of - the possibilities which can be obtained when incorporating \PS{} is - given in Goossens' `\PS{} en \LaTeX,' which is also a chapter in - the \LaTeX-companion. A survey of the various user approaches has been - compiled by Anita Hoover. -\item Screen drawings. An example is GNUplot. Cameron in \TeX line - characterized these kind of systems as -\begin{quote} - `\ldots There are a couple of programs available which take all the - calculation out: you draw your picture using the mouse, and it is - automagically compiled into \LaTeX\ source. But for complicated - figures, mathematical insight or computational power may be required.' -\end{quote} - An example of figures that require math insight are Hoenig's `Fractal - images with \TeX.' - We can add to that the reuse aspect, which is hindered by the drawing - approach, and the unreadable nature of machine-generated code. - But certainly these tools have their niche in the spectrum of tools for EP. -\end{itemize} - -\section{Front matter} -Much attention is paid to front matter: -cover, -publication characteristics (source, ISBN or other classification), -title etc., -abstract, -keywords, -table of contents and the like if not considered as an appendix, -foreword. -Basically the style or format can handle these easily. -Because of the eye-catching need of a cover a designer -is generally involved and the cover, especially -the graphics, typeset by different means. -The page with publication characteristics can be left to -the copy editor. -For the others just obey the mark-up characteristics, as demanded -by the style file. -\section{Back matter} -As back matter we have the various appendices. Two kinds are -noteworthy: the list of references and the index. Both are -complicated because of the {\em cross-referencing on the fly.} -\paragraph*{Bibliography creation.}% -With a publication we have the problem of -handling a list of references, -to extract them from our literature database, -and to format them appropriately. -We also like to cross-reference them to the list of references, -such that it is adaptable to different journal traditions, -with respect to formatting of citations. -There are tools available to do that, for example -\LaTeX's \BibTeX\ with its {\tt thebibliography} environment, and -\AmSTeX's \cs{ref} and \cs{endref} structures. -I designed my own `little language -within \TeX' to handle that all in a one-pass job within \AllTeX. -To get the flavour, the bibliography at the end of this paper -has been prepared via -\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim} -\section*{References} -\input{lit.dat}%database file - \def\tubissue#1(#2){{\sl TUGboat\/} - {\bf#1} (#2)} - \def\ls#1{\ea\bibentry#1\endgraf} -\input{lit.sel}%file with names -\end{verbatim}\endgroup -See my BLUe's Bibliography paper -for more details, and my solution of the cross-referencing in a one-pass job. - -\paragraph*{Index preparation.} -This is complicated because of the dynamic allocation of page numbers -and inclusion of these in the index. It is also an art to provide the -right entries. Generally (external) sorting needs to be done too, -next to the formatting. A complicated job. -\begin{quote}\TeX nically - there is the tool Makeindex, to cooperate with (La)\TeX. -\end{quote} -Knuth provided a mark-up mechanism for extracting -the index entries and let the OTR add the page numbers. -These items are writen on a file -for further processing, like sorting, and adding comments and the like. -I consider that very powerful, but it is not completely automatic. -The user, or publisher, has to account for the finishing touch, for the -moment. For a survey of the intricacies which come along -when writing automatic index generators, see -the report of Chen and Harrison about developing Makeindex. - -I have exercised index preparation \`a la Knuth in my Sorting in BLUe paper. -Although the approach of doing it all within \TeX\ looks promising, -it still needs some polishing for BLU to become useful. - -\section{Guidelines for Choosing} -Given the above-mentioned variety of tools %and your personal circumstances -the following questions can be useful -\begin{quote} -What facilities does your publisher provide?\\ -What is the document like? \\ -What tools are already in use? \\ -Whom is it aimed at? \\ -How many authors are involved? \\ -%(many authors many publications?), \\ -Is (partial, e.g.\ bibliographical) reuse also envisaged?\\ -Is future use, different from formatting, in sight? -\end{quote} -\noindent -First, contact your publisher and agree upon the tools to be used.\\ -Next best, when you are on your own, consider -\begin{description} -\item[]No structure \hfill it does not matter \\%what will be used - (For right-to-left etc.\hfill \TeXXeT) -\item[]Scientific papers \hfill \AllTeX%can best be used -\item[]Reuse \hfill \AllTeX, SGML? %can best be used -\item[]Various authors\hfill \AllTeX, SGML? % as a uniform language -%\TeX\ which is {\em de facto\/} in use for that purpose -\item[]Future (nonformatting) use\hfill \AllTeX, SGML? -\end{description} -A user sufficiently fluent in di-roff would like me to -substitute x-roff for \TeX\ in the table above. Be my guest, I don't -have experience with x-roff. - -\section*{Acknowledgements} -This paper has been processed via \LaTeX\ because I needed the -functionality of the picture environment. The standard formatting of -the peculiar \TeX-related names have been borrowed from \verb|tugboat.cmn|. -I used the \verb|ltugproc.sty|---style for -TUG proceedings---because of the nice way the front matter -is typeset. - -I like to thank Christina Thiele for polishing my English -and pointing to the right use of fonts for established names.\footnote{Although - this has its difficulties simply using \cs{MF} for example goes wrong - when we vary size.} -Gerard van Nes blew his horn once again. Thank you! - -\section*{Conclusions} -For high-quality computer-assisted typography \TeX{} etc.{} is -a flexible and excellent craftsman-like tool, -with the following characteristics -\begin{itemize} -\item \TeX\ is in the PD, available for all platforms -\item flavours of \TeX\ have been added -to facilitate its use, next to macro toolboxes -\item formats and style files have been added to facilitate the publication -process -\item \TeX\ can be used with many fonts, and takes its own font generation tool -\item drivers, WSYIWYG interfaces are commercially available -\item working environments are provided by user groups -\item lingua franca for scientific email communication -\item publishing houses accept compuscripts marked up by (La)\TeX -\item users maintain digests, discussion lists and file servers -\item some 10k organized users, with many books published via \AllTeX. -\end{itemize} -\noindent -Once mastered \TeX\ is a nice basic tool. -However, the way to error-less mark-up is hard and haunting, unless, -supported (by a publisher) with -generic styles, -user's guides, and -templates. -Using \LaTeX\ {\em as-is\/} and -supported by publishers is much simpler -than learning \TeX\ per se. - -The \TeX\ arcana is complex. -(Professional) Education is paramount! -The twins \TeX-\MF{} will serve for a lifetime. -And above all let us keep it simple! -\section*{References} -\begin{thebibliography}{xxxxx} -\input{lit.dat} -%\input{lit.lat} - \def\tubissue#1(#2){{\sl TUGboat\/} {\bf#1} (#2)} - \def\ls#1{\ea\bibitem{}#1\endgraf} -\input{lit.sel} -\end{thebibliography} - -\end{document} - - - - - - - - - |