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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2024-02-01 03:00:51 +0000
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2024-02-01 03:00:51 +0000
commita494a509f3f4a13a450c898488155f7aa5353bd3 (patch)
treeab11a3116dfe36f273b0eefe1a7abb556253a9c8 /info
parent79e1bbc1ad6b308aa2074540b2afd43b6a72ce03 (diff)
CTAN sync 202402010300
Diffstat (limited to 'info')
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l---------info/whatstex/lit.dat1
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diff --git a/info/examples/tex-in-practice b/info/examples/tex-in-practice
deleted file mode 120000
index 71c9f5d5ab..0000000000
--- a/info/examples/tex-in-practice
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/absdimen.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/absdimen.tip
index e2e5daf3bc..e2e5daf3bc 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/absdimen.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/absval.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/absval.tip
index f3809b9a0f..f3809b9a0f 100644
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/acronym.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/acronym.tip
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--- a/info/examples/tip/acronym.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/advtabst.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/advtabst.tip
index 25b5ce5b75..25b5ce5b75 100644
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index 215db1a4ba..215db1a4ba 100644
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/alldate.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/alldate.tip
index 471bcc3c94..471bcc3c94 100644
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/allocat.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/allocat.tip
index 5bb3055145..5bb3055145 100644
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/alwbase.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/alwbase.tip
index f65a0b732c..f65a0b732c 100644
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/angt.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/angt.tip
index 6a85e0cac6..6a85e0cac6 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/angt.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/arbday.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/arbday.tip
index fa8921eb60..fa8921eb60 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/arbday.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/arraymac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/arraymac.tip
index cf2f26b02c..cf2f26b02c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/arraymac.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/atpos.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/atpos.tip
index 036156eb91..036156eb91 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/atpos.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/be-env.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/be-env.tip
index 1275f03f23..1275f03f23 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/be-env.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/bletpar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/bletpar.tip
index cde020150b..cde020150b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/bletpar.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/box-bb.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/box-bb.tip
index 67e2c0b7c9..67e2c0b7c9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/box-bb.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/box-bul.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/box-bul.tip
index 562ebc1b9c..562ebc1b9c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/box-bul.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/box-larg.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/box-larg.tip
index 44c14a2878..44c14a2878 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/box-larg.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/box-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/box-mac.tip
index c71b830e88..c71b830e88 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/box-mac.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/box-thck.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/box-thck.tip
index d39a045484..d39a045484 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/box-thck.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/box-thck.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/box-zero.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/box-zero.tip
index bd0d3930e8..bd0d3930e8 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/box-zero.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/box-zero.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/boxing1.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/boxing1.tip
index 61ef24a8a4..61ef24a8a4 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/boxing1.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/boxing2.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/boxing2.tip
index 7c14df8ded..7c14df8ded 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/boxing2.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/boxing3.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/boxing3.tip
index 5067c1b5f9..5067c1b5f9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/boxing3.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/boxing4.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/boxing4.tip
index ce1cd0be6d..ce1cd0be6d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/boxing4.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/boxing5.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/boxing5.tip
index 8e099f7698..8e099f7698 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/boxing5.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/boxing6.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/boxing6.tip
index f361a2868d..f361a2868d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/boxing6.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/boxing7.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/boxing7.tip
index a231a4985e..a231a4985e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/boxing7.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/boxrelim.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/boxrelim.tip
index e767fcde85..e767fcde85 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/boxrelim.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/boxrqu.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/boxrqu.tip
index 62aaadd22a..62aaadd22a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/boxrqu.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/centerlp.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/centerlp.tip
index af0acc93ab..af0acc93ab 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/centerlp.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/centerng.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/centerng.tip
index a96676e60f..a96676e60f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/centerng.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/centpar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/centpar.tip
index de0dfd8f03..de0dfd8f03 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/centpar.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/charbo.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/charbo.tip
index 246031c5b0..246031c5b0 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/charbo.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/chboxd.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/chboxd.tip
index 57d987414c..57d987414c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/chboxd.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/clearb.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/clearb.tip
index b4e2028384..b4e2028384 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/clearb.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/collect.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/collect.tip
index 6953f89e62..6953f89e62 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/collect.tip
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/coltok.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/coltok.tip
index a86f430876..a86f430876 100644
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/comfiles.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/comfiles.tip
index 02853596c1..02853596c1 100644
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index 5137722769..5137722769 100644
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/compstca.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/compstca.tip
index df5a770e63..df5a770e63 100644
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/condltr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/condltr.tip
index cc6fff7d49..cc6fff7d49 100644
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diff --git a/info/examples/tip/conval.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/conval.tip
index 28638f5ece..28638f5ece 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/conval.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/conval.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/copydate.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/copydate.tip
index fd90867ec1..fd90867ec1 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/copydate.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/copydate.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/counters.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/counters.tip
index 735e86d62e..735e86d62e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/counters.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/counters.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/countl.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/countl.tip
index 2bd0e49e10..2bd0e49e10 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/countl.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/countl.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cref-1.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-1.tip
index 9fdfc729a0..9fdfc729a0 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cref-1.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-1.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cref-2.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-2.tip
index 636c678f00..636c678f00 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cref-2.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-2.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cref-2a.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-2a.tip
index 787197a68f..787197a68f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cref-2a.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-2a.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cref-3.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-3.tip
index 02c35030a0..02c35030a0 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cref-3.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-3.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cref-3a.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-3a.tip
index 9f01c3cff6..9f01c3cff6 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cref-3a.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-3a.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cref-4.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-4.tip
index d7171921fb..d7171921fb 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cref-4.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-4.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cref-5.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-5.tip
index 68ee426f6c..68ee426f6c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cref-5.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cref-5.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/crline.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/crline.tip
index 48d8c5d814..48d8c5d814 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/crline.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/crline.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/csar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/csar.tip
index 9a451407b7..9a451407b7 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/csar.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/csar.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cssprint.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cssprint.tip
index 47faa8e2cc..47faa8e2cc 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cssprint.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cssprint.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cstostr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cstostr.tip
index b7b0e58749..b7b0e58749 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cstostr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cstostr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/cstostrc.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cstostrc.tip
index 08b2e70db6..08b2e70db6 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/cstostrc.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/cstostrc.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ctestcs.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ctestcs.tip
index ba0c0ba537..ba0c0ba537 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ctestcs.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ctestcs.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/dateofw.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/dateofw.tip
index eb2306c6cb..eb2306c6cb 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/dateofw.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/dateofw.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/dblarg.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/dblarg.tip
index 463c2b51c7..463c2b51c7 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/dblarg.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/dblarg.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/defauarg.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/defauarg.tip
index 5372754b66..5372754b66 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/defauarg.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/defauarg.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/dicentry.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/dicentry.tip
index d041432542..d041432542 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/dicentry.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/dicentry.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/doloop.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/doloop.tip
index b15b23cf8f..b15b23cf8f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/doloop.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/doloop.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/droppre.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/droppre.tip
index 8bbe74e790..8bbe74e790 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/droppre.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/droppre.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/droppt.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/droppt.tip
index 2e58be27ec..2e58be27ec 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/droppt.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/droppt.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/dumppars.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/dumppars.tip
index 55e233eace..55e233eace 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/dumppars.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/dumppars.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/earliest.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/earliest.tip
index 9e9564443a..9e9564443a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/earliest.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/earliest.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/emprubox.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/emprubox.tip
index 498d6fd7f9..498d6fd7f9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/emprubox.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/emprubox.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/emptybox.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/emptybox.tip
index 021ec1d0c1..021ec1d0c1 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/emptybox.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/emptybox.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/endn-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/endn-mac.tip
index 0d6066f70c..0d6066f70c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/endn-mac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/endn-mac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/endrec.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/endrec.tip
index 5fc1a8e196..5fc1a8e196 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/endrec.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/endrec.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/enum.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/enum.tip
index b32412ae08..b32412ae08 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/enum.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/enum.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/enumlist.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/enumlist.tip
index f3baeb5b5d..f3baeb5b5d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/enumlist.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/enumlist.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/errmess.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/errmess.tip
index 68b31b49d2..68b31b49d2 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/errmess.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/errmess.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/evenprin.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/evenprin.tip
index 3e38fc6e29..3e38fc6e29 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/evenprin.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/evenprin.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/everyequ.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/everyequ.tip
index ff5003eed6..ff5003eed6 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/everyequ.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/everyequ.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/everypar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/everypar.tip
index 9c33b2b026..9c33b2b026 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/everypar.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/everypar.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/evhvbox.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/evhvbox.tip
index 4abfbb54d6..4abfbb54d6 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/evhvbox.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/evhvbox.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ex-out2.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ex-out2.tip
index 50152e0363..50152e0363 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ex-out2.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ex-out2.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/fexist.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fexist.tip
index 5a595f141e..5a595f141e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/fexist.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fexist.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/figbox.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/figbox.tip
index 031d6cdb56..031d6cdb56 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/figbox.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/figbox.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/figinpar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/figinpar.tip
index 4cc54ae60f..4cc54ae60f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/figinpar.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/figinpar.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/firstldi.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/firstldi.tip
index 7e7a2ef31a..7e7a2ef31a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/firstldi.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/firstldi.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/fo-char.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fo-char.tip
index 84bc6a24c2..84bc6a24c2 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/fo-char.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fo-char.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/font-cpp.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/font-cpp.tip
index c127d76ed5..c127d76ed5 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/font-cpp.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/font-cpp.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/fontsam.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fontsam.tip
index 711e7db18e..711e7db18e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/fontsam.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fontsam.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/fonttab.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fonttab.tip
index 4da8f97c5a..4da8f97c5a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/fonttab.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fonttab.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/formline.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/formline.tip
index a3f4984781..a3f4984781 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/formline.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/formline.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/fotable.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fotable.tip
index 5af38e251a..5af38e251a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/fotable.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fotable.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/fotok.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fotok.tip
index 7d02336125..7d02336125 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/fotok.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fotok.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/frac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/frac.tip
index a00a7237d4..a00a7237d4 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/frac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/frac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/freespac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/freespac.tip
index 14de10fd60..14de10fd60 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/freespac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/freespac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/fsized.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fsized.tip
index 433a5d1b92..433a5d1b92 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/fsized.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/fsized.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/funospac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/funospac.tip
index e0921ead1b..e0921ead1b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/funospac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/funospac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/futlet.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/futlet.tip
index 354e3d2f18..354e3d2f18 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/futlet.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/futlet.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/futpar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/futpar.tip
index 2c83d0d496..2c83d0d496 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/futpar.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/futpar.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/genaeol.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/genaeol.tip
index 12132465f1..12132465f1 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/genaeol.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/genaeol.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/genhead.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/genhead.tip
index 44588f7dfd..44588f7dfd 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/genhead.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/genhead.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/genostr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/genostr.tip
index e89580297d..e89580297d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/genostr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/genostr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/getnuml.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/getnuml.tip
index 7991ae9bb4..7991ae9bb4 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/getnuml.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/getnuml.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/gobble.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/gobble.tip
index 7cbb9664d2..7cbb9664d2 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/gobble.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/gobble.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/gobblemo.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/gobblemo.tip
index ac7bc75439..ac7bc75439 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/gobblemo.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/gobblemo.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/graphmac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/graphmac.tip
index 6cf2ba10d9..6cf2ba10d9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/graphmac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/graphmac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/hex.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/hex.tip
index 0f198cb9fb..0f198cb9fb 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/hex.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/hex.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ifeven.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ifeven.tip
index 5f26d121a0..5f26d121a0 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ifeven.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ifeven.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ifx-def.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ifx-def.tip
index b9b9dd7259..b9b9dd7259 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ifx-def.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ifx-def.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ifx-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ifx-mac.tip
index 0af3f324b0..0af3f324b0 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ifx-mac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ifx-mac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/imodn.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/imodn.tip
index d8168abd52..d8168abd52 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/imodn.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/imodn.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/index-or.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/index-or.tip
index aacb366a2a..aacb366a2a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/index-or.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/index-or.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/input-at.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/input-at.tip
index bf41fd4958..bf41fd4958 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/input-at.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/input-at.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/inputc.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/inputc.tip
index a05dcf1473..a05dcf1473 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/inputc.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/inputc.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/inputd.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/inputd.tip
index e4bd777482..e4bd777482 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/inputd.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/inputd.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/inputdl.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/inputdl.tip
index 696c2f029e..696c2f029e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/inputdl.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/inputdl.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/isleapyr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/isleapyr.tip
index e35bd6c9d1..e35bd6c9d1 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/isleapyr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/isleapyr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/isprefix.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/isprefix.tip
index 9bdefdce10..9bdefdce10 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/isprefix.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/isprefix.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/issuffix.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/issuffix.tip
index 37bda46631..37bda46631 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/issuffix.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/issuffix.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/itemizel.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/itemizel.tip
index 8ed23df9e8..8ed23df9e8 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/itemizel.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/itemizel.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/itemltw.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/itemltw.tip
index f4f13f319d..f4f13f319d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/itemltw.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/itemltw.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/itemplan.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/itemplan.tip
index 9dd2d94f2b..9dd2d94f2b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/itemplan.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/itemplan.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ivpyr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ivpyr.tip
index 86bd1a78bc..86bd1a78bc 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ivpyr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ivpyr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/largdp.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/largdp.tip
index cd666f8b6d..cd666f8b6d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/largdp.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/largdp.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/lbpar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/lbpar.tip
index c96c32ed3d..c96c32ed3d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/lbpar.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/lbpar.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/lc0to9.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/lc0to9.tip
index c317c4c8ee..c317c4c8ee 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/lc0to9.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/lc0to9.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/leadingz.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/leadingz.tip
index ef668522d8..ef668522d8 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/leadingz.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/leadingz.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/leadline.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/leadline.tip
index fa6486a7e9..fa6486a7e9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/leadline.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/leadline.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/leftdm.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/leftdm.tip
index 1f09928a53..1f09928a53 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/leftdm.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/leftdm.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/legdate.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/legdate.tip
index 336c8ecf27..336c8ecf27 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/legdate.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/legdate.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/legmonth.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/legmonth.tip
index ee7776bf67..ee7776bf67 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/legmonth.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/legmonth.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/legyear.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/legyear.tip
index c952e42f79..c952e42f79 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/legyear.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/legyear.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/lfondem.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/lfondem.tip
index eeb1039e08..eeb1039e08 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/lfondem.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/lfondem.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/linesr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/linesr.tip
index 53ff80db27..53ff80db27 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/linesr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/linesr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/list-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/list-mac.tip
index b8c1f6d72e..b8c1f6d72e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/list-mac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/list-mac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/loadedla.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/loadedla.tip
index 295d0a66b7..295d0a66b7 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/loadedla.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/loadedla.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/lpagetg.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/lpagetg.tip
index da5b968623..da5b968623 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/lpagetg.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/lpagetg.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/macvntip.tex b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/macvntip.tex
index b8c62165b9..b8c62165b9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/macvntip.tex
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/macvntip.tex
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/mathenv.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mathenv.tip
index 098d040c40..098d040c40 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/mathenv.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mathenv.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/maxmindi.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/maxmindi.tip
index 239222ccd5..239222ccd5 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/maxmindi.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/maxmindi.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/mocal.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mocal.tip
index 240ceb9c9b..240ceb9c9b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/mocal.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mocal.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/mocal3.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mocal3.tip
index 67dc386869..67dc386869 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/mocal3.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mocal3.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/modonead.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/modonead.tip
index faf86ca38b..faf86ca38b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/modonead.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/modonead.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/mondofda.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mondofda.tip
index e6fd7c0fa3..e6fd7c0fa3 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/mondofda.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mondofda.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/mrdel.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mrdel.tip
index 3069f2913e..3069f2913e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/mrdel.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mrdel.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/mspaces.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mspaces.tip
index 42d65e8a62..42d65e8a62 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/mspaces.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/mspaces.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/namedef.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/namedef.tip
index bc3906875a..bc3906875a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/namedef.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/namedef.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/nathd.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nathd.tip
index 1e849c65ba..1e849c65ba 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/nathd.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nathd.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/nctest.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nctest.tip
index 8b6fe53c93..8b6fe53c93 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/nctest.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nctest.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ndaysmo.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ndaysmo.tip
index b45b693426..b45b693426 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ndaysmo.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ndaysmo.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/new-midi.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/new-midi.tip
index 1cdea3e140..1cdea3e140 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/new-midi.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/new-midi.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/newdef.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newdef.tip
index 28f8cb3081..28f8cb3081 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/newdef.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newdef.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/newfont.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newfont.tip
index 26788f48cf..26788f48cf 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/newfont.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newfont.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/newinput.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newinput.tip
index 0008943d0a..0008943d0a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/newinput.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newinput.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/newoutfr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newoutfr.tip
index 5f1be0f30e..5f1be0f30e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/newoutfr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newoutfr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/newpage.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newpage.tip
index 63a6daf3dc..63a6daf3dc 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/newpage.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/newpage.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/nextday.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nextday.tip
index c4d3760e94..c4d3760e94 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/nextday.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nextday.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/nextmon.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nextmon.tip
index 09005c9e01..09005c9e01 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/nextmon.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nextmon.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/nlm.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nlm.tip
index 4f2519e6c1..4f2519e6c1 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/nlm.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/nlm.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/norpweek.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/norpweek.tip
index 42b4e29e9d..42b4e29e9d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/norpweek.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/norpweek.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/npright.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/npright.tip
index 17e7bb8737..17e7bb8737 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/npright.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/npright.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ntotext.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ntotext.tip
index cd1f26a4d0..cd1f26a4d0 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ntotext.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ntotext.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/numcond.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/numcond.tip
index 11efcaffc5..11efcaffc5 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/numcond.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/numcond.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/numdyr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/numdyr.tip
index 2732bf5aa9..2732bf5aa9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/numdyr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/numdyr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/numwhile.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/numwhile.tip
index 1f8bb00271..1f8bb00271 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/numwhile.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/numwhile.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/oblines.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/oblines.tip
index c7b294cd9e..c7b294cd9e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/oblines.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/oblines.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/obspaces.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/obspaces.tip
index 13d883fee7..13d883fee7 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/obspaces.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/obspaces.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/oct.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/oct.tip
index 8365ad591c..8365ad591c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/oct.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/oct.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/oddprin.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/oddprin.tip
index fe9f42bef9..fe9f42bef9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/oddprin.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/oddprin.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/oeprin.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/oeprin.tip
index be1c0eeba3..be1c0eeba3 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/oeprin.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/oeprin.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ola-1p.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ola-1p.tip
index 223c9d1124..223c9d1124 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ola-1p.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ola-1p.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ola-2p.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ola-2p.tip
index 69b86108fa..69b86108fa 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ola-2p.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ola-2p.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ola-comm.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ola-comm.tip
index 2f5ea1014f..2f5ea1014f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ola-comm.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ola-comm.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/op-endin.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/op-endin.tip
index 21b02f03cb..21b02f03cb 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/op-endin.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/op-endin.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/op-pagec.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/op-pagec.tip
index 077231da6e..077231da6e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/op-pagec.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/op-pagec.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/optargx.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/optargx.tip
index 9928fa32cb..9928fa32cb 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/optargx.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/optargx.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/orcards.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/orcards.tip
index 337a7d88b6..337a7d88b6 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/orcards.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/orcards.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ordbrule.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ordbrule.tip
index cab5d682a8..cab5d682a8 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ordbrule.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ordbrule.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/orsimple.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/orsimple.tip
index a49920d5c2..a49920d5c2 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/orsimple.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/orsimple.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/out-ds.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/out-ds.tip
index 04ca97b0bc..04ca97b0bc 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/out-ds.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/out-ds.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/out2-or.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/out2-or.tip
index b412be9f8b..b412be9f8b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/out2-or.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/out2-or.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/outf-rad.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/outf-rad.tip
index 4ee4b7640c..4ee4b7640c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/outf-rad.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/outf-rad.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/outpsel.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/outpsel.tip
index 91b2f09882..91b2f09882 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/outpsel.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/outpsel.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/par-fl.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/par-fl.tip
index a1d7a58253..a1d7a58253 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/par-fl.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/par-fl.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/par-lab.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/par-lab.tip
index 0c41944b69..0c41944b69 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/par-lab.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/par-lab.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/par-lcl.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/par-lcl.tip
index 5f503bcc51..5f503bcc51 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/par-lcl.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/par-lcl.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/parin.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/parin.tip
index b18b4cd20d..b18b4cd20d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/parin.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/parin.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/part-cr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/part-cr.tip
index 0627218539..0627218539 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/part-cr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/part-cr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/part-lab.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/part-lab.tip
index 1d8981dcd9..1d8981dcd9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/part-lab.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/part-lab.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/part-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/part-mac.tip
index fa45b1fa10..fa45b1fa10 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/part-mac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/part-mac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/parv-1.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/parv-1.tip
index d2b26e0f56..d2b26e0f56 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/parv-1.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/parv-1.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pdollars.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pdollars.tip
index fdafa4044f..fdafa4044f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pdollars.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pdollars.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pickfs.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pickfs.tip
index b779b03e10..b779b03e10 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pickfs.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pickfs.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pm-4.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-4.tip
index 86721bf4f7..86721bf4f7 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pm-4.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-4.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pm-auxco.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-auxco.tip
index 0b01f9455d..0b01f9455d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pm-auxco.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-auxco.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pm-bas.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-bas.tip
index e979179547..e979179547 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pm-bas.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-bas.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pm-main.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-main.tip
index 2ec2287495..2ec2287495 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pm-main.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-main.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pm-pagen.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-pagen.tip
index 8ee88fc978..8ee88fc978 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pm-pagen.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-pagen.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pm-wrc.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-wrc.tip
index a6cc96c4d7..a6cc96c4d7 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pm-wrc.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pm-wrc.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pmtime.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pmtime.tip
index 98042556e5..98042556e5 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pmtime.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pmtime.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/poorbold.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/poorbold.tip
index 6c336e0c1f..6c336e0c1f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/poorbold.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/poorbold.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/pralph.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pralph.tip
index f7f92f7615..f7f92f7615 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/pralph.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/pralph.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/prevday.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prevday.tip
index 2e4c8829be..2e4c8829be 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/prevday.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prevday.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/prevmon.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prevmon.tip
index 9513222954..9513222954 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/prevmon.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prevmon.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/prhyph.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prhyph.tip
index 1d7737a5c3..1d7737a5c3 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/prhyph.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prhyph.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/primmark.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/primmark.tip
index 2e0e5dff76..2e0e5dff76 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/primmark.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/primmark.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/printast.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/printast.tip
index 3ad5263963..3ad5263963 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/printast.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/printast.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/printco.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/printco.tip
index 2c41b3dc3c..2c41b3dc3c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/printco.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/printco.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/printreg.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/printreg.tip
index e7e3335b5b..e7e3335b5b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/printreg.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/printreg.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/prmode.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prmode.tip
index 5576e88c83..5576e88c83 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/prmode.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prmode.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/prmonth.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prmonth.tip
index dd9ea460f8..dd9ea460f8 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/prmonth.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prmonth.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/prot.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prot.tip
index 771a25fd2f..771a25fd2f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/prot.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/prot.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/rangetst.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/rangetst.tip
index b4966fd908..b4966fd908 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/rangetst.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/rangetst.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/rboxt.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/rboxt.tip
index d3e45a3599..d3e45a3599 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/rboxt.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/rboxt.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/readme b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/readme
index eaaeda142b..eaaeda142b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/readme
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/readme
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/readnu.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/readnu.tip
index bf55ecd290..bf55ecd290 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/readnu.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/readnu.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/redtost.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/redtost.tip
index acbbfcf59e..acbbfcf59e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/redtost.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/redtost.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/remtlsp.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/remtlsp.tip
index 87bac0dd08..87bac0dd08 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/remtlsp.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/remtlsp.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/restring.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/restring.tip
index f83e586b72..f83e586b72 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/restring.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/restring.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/reverses.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/reverses.tip
index 08921b4d9b..08921b4d9b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/reverses.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/reverses.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/rh-dict.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/rh-dict.tip
index a2c4315613..a2c4315613 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/rh-dict.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/rh-dict.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/robust.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/robust.tip
index 925a2a2606..925a2a2606 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/robust.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/robust.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/samplepa.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/samplepa.tip
index 814f269405..814f269405 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/samplepa.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/samplepa.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/setstrut.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/setstrut.tip
index 441ec442b7..441ec442b7 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/setstrut.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/setstrut.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/shboxes.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/shboxes.tip
index 6137e5ab7e..6137e5ab7e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/shboxes.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/shboxes.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/shiftudb.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/shiftudb.tip
index b2554b525a..b2554b525a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/shiftudb.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/shiftudb.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/showpll.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/showpll.tip
index 896edbf166..896edbf166 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/showpll.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/showpll.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/showx.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/showx.tip
index 7a02c3ef1f..7a02c3ef1f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/showx.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/showx.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/sigline.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/sigline.tip
index 1fe31c966c..1fe31c966c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/sigline.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/sigline.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/spacefac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/spacefac.tip
index 4e9488cc27..4e9488cc27 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/spacefac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/spacefac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/splitpar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/splitpar.tip
index d40236d2df..d40236d2df 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/splitpar.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/splitpar.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ssmath.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ssmath.tip
index 395661358e..395661358e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ssmath.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ssmath.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/strleng.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/strleng.tip
index 053de2ca60..053de2ca60 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/strleng.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/strleng.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/stswitch.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/stswitch.tip
index 76d8c936d3..76d8c936d3 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/stswitch.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/stswitch.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/substf.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/substf.tip
index d091324c5f..d091324c5f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/substf.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/substf.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/sumhd.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/sumhd.tip
index fd81044f0a..fd81044f0a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/sumhd.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/sumhd.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/swapbox.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/swapbox.tip
index a5bdcd9b15..a5bdcd9b15 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/swapbox.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/swapbox.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/tabcent.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/tabcent.tip
index c84cae05af..c84cae05af 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/tabcent.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/tabcent.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/tabswb.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/tabswb.tip
index 87d9698106..87d9698106 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/tabswb.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/tabswb.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/testdef.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/testdef.tip
index d9bff77499..d9bff77499 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/testdef.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/testdef.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/testsubs.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/testsubs.tip
index dc5bcf2691..dc5bcf2691 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/testsubs.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/testsubs.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/texip.idx b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/texip.idx
index 3283cc0306..3283cc0306 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/texip.idx
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/texip.idx
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/texipexp.tex b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/texipexp.tex
index 710fc3013e..710fc3013e 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/texipexp.tex
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/texipexp.tex
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/tip-bugs.tex b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/tip-bugs.tex
index ad2c2b1fbf..ad2c2b1fbf 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/tip-bugs.tex
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/tip-bugs.tex
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/toc-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/toc-mac.tip
index e698de32fb..e698de32fb 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/toc-mac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/toc-mac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/today.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/today.tip
index 3cf716e0a7..3cf716e0a7 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/today.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/today.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/todayx.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/todayx.tip
index 4a5cc70eb3..4a5cc70eb3 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/todayx.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/todayx.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/topinfix.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/topinfix.tip
index ec2accf885..ec2accf885 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/topinfix.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/topinfix.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-brefm.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-brefm.tip
index 3c5ba3e1bd..3c5ba3e1bd 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-brefm.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-brefm.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-bul.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-bul.tip
index 8d82b4145c..8d82b4145c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-bul.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-bul.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-chap.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-chap.tip
index c59a4a08fb..c59a4a08fb 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-chap.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-chap.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-chhe.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-chhe.tip
index 4ade3e51c9..4ade3e51c9 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-chhe.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-chhe.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-crm.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-crm.tip
index 83327431f3..83327431f3 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-crm.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-crm.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-dime1.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-dime1.tip
index c098bf0690..c098bf0690 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-dime1.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-dime1.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-dime2.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-dime2.tip
index 32c8524a75..32c8524a75 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-dime2.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-dime2.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-dime3.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-dime3.tip
index a085aef107..a085aef107 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-dime3.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-dime3.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-enum.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-enum.tip
index 7bdfa97789..7bdfa97789 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-enum.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-enum.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-float.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-float.tip
index 1ecb25db71..1ecb25db71 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-float.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-float.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-fonts.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-fonts.tip
index 3d3e7a0d13..3d3e7a0d13 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-fonts.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-fonts.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-foot.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-foot.tip
index 47d3982dd6..47d3982dd6 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-foot.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-foot.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-gnot.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-gnot.tip
index 811c82287b..811c82287b 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-gnot.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-gnot.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-hall.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-hall.tip
index 5d4731bdd0..5d4731bdd0 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-hall.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-hall.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-hmore.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-hmore.tip
index dcc73dc9dc..dcc73dc9dc 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-hmore.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-hmore.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-hyph.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-hyph.tip
index 470cea540f..470cea540f 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-hyph.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-hyph.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-itize.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-itize.tip
index 2dafcfa20a..2dafcfa20a 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-itize.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-itize.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-lazy.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-lazy.tip
index cbd56c8191..cbd56c8191 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-lazy.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-lazy.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-loft.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-loft.tip
index e77c9b94c8..e77c9b94c8 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-loft.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-loft.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-logo.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-logo.tip
index 63fcfe3f2c..63fcfe3f2c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-logo.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-logo.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-main.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-main.tip
index 255055a55c..255055a55c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-main.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-main.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-outpu.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-outpu.tip
index 39902664bf..39902664bf 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-outpu.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-outpu.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-page2.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-page2.tip
index 974be452c2..974be452c2 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-page2.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-page2.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-pager.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-pager.tip
index 68e3688a0c..68e3688a0c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-pager.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-pager.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-robst.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-robst.tip
index c747fd9c61..c747fd9c61 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-robst.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-robst.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-set.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-set.tip
index 12b7cbed43..12b7cbed43 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-set.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-set.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-shead.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-shead.tip
index 97904c01bb..97904c01bb 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-shead.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-shead.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-subst.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-subst.tip
index 57c1b61975..57c1b61975 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-subst.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-subst.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-toc.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-toc.tip
index e4b5b11f69..e4b5b11f69 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-toc.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-toc.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-verb.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-verb.tip
index cd9fd48b91..cd9fd48b91 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-verb.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-verb.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-verb1.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-verb1.tip
index 106ce77d91..106ce77d91 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-verb1.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-verb1.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-verb2.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-verb2.tip
index bd10258d96..bd10258d96 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-verb2.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-verb2.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-vers.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-vers.tip
index 4e9b14d2a7..4e9b14d2a7 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-vers.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-vers.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-vol.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-vol.tip
index 71a9ed3c5d..71a9ed3c5d 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-vol.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-vol.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-wind.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-wind.tip
index fbb94c0c33..fbb94c0c33 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-wind.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-wind.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/ts-writc.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-writc.tip
index 9606338dac..9606338dac 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/ts-writc.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/ts-writc.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/valdecpo.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/valdecpo.tip
index 8d645b0d08..8d645b0d08 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/valdecpo.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/valdecpo.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/vcentx.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vcentx.tip
index d272a7da1c..d272a7da1c 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/vcentx.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vcentx.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verb-bas.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb-bas.tip
index dccaa8c1f3..dccaa8c1f3 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/verb-bas.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb-bas.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verb-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb-mac.tip
index db3a3a1261..db3a3a1261 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/verb-mac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb-mac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verb.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb.tip
index 43236cd845..43236cd845 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/verb.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verb.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verbdisp.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verbdisp.tip
index 9cf598d474..9cf598d474 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/verbdisp.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verbdisp.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/verbwr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verbwr.tip
index e243f82bcf..e243f82bcf 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/verbwr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/verbwr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/vsmax.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vsmax.tip
index bc9eab50f2..bc9eab50f2 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/vsmax.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vsmax.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/vtbox.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vtbox.tip
index ee50844163..ee50844163 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/vtbox.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vtbox.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/vwrt-mac.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vwrt-mac.tip
index 7490427317..7490427317 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/vwrt-mac.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/vwrt-mac.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/weekofyr.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/weekofyr.tip
index 071eb36e35..071eb36e35 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/weekofyr.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/weekofyr.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/widestc.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/widestc.tip
index 7e077b9248..7e077b9248 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/widestc.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/widestc.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/wl-parcp.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wl-parcp.tip
index ac9b462a23..ac9b462a23 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/wl-parcp.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wl-parcp.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/wrtoc.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wrtoc.tip
index 11267744de..11267744de 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/wrtoc.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wrtoc.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/wrverbar.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wrverbar.tip
index 2e327c44cb..2e327c44cb 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/wrverbar.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wrverbar.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/wtolist.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wtolist.tip
index 1919568d70..1919568d70 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/wtolist.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/wtolist.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/x-parsh.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/x-parsh.tip
index 63f30a6a02..63f30a6a02 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/x-parsh.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/x-parsh.tip
diff --git a/info/examples/tip/yearcal.tip b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/yearcal.tip
index c9ce2d2b18..c9ce2d2b18 100644
--- a/info/examples/tip/yearcal.tip
+++ b/info/examples/tex-in-practice/yearcal.tip
diff --git a/info/whatstex/lit.dat b/info/whatstex/lit.dat
deleted file mode 120000
index 1f6378b9c6..0000000000
--- a/info/whatstex/lit.dat
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../../macros/blu/lit.dat \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/info/whatstex/lit.sel b/info/whatstex/lit.sel
deleted file mode 100644
index c86c021f8e..0000000000
--- a/info/whatstex/lit.sel
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-%The list of selected references:
-%Target Overview.tex 30 sept 93
-%\ls\amsa
-\ls\amsb
-\ls\amsc
-\ls\amsd
-\ls\amse
-\ls\amsf
-\ls\amsg
-\ls\amsh
-\ls\amsi
-\ls\amsj
-\ls\aps
-\ls\beebenhfa
-\ls\beebenhfb
-\ls\beebenhfc
-\ls\beebenhfd
-\ls\beetonbn
-\ls\bestr
-\ls\bodenheimerb
-\ls\botwaylc
-\ls\braamsjl
-\ls\bruinr
-\ls\bryanm
-\ls\buergerd
-\ls\chemtex
-\ls\cheswickb
-\ls\clarkmb
-\ls\clarkmc
-\ls\clarkmd
-\ls\cms
-\ls\commacm
-\ls\dobrowolskiae
-\ls\dolw
-\ls\doobma
-\ls\drilcon
-\ls\durstlka
-\ls\durstlkc
-\ls\dysonmc
-\ls\furutar
-\ls\goossensma
-\ls\goossensmb
-\ls\greenwadegd
-\ls\haralambousy
-\ls\hendersondb
-\ls\herwijnene
-\ls\hoenigaj
-\ls\hoenigajc
-\ls\hoenigajd
-\ls\hooverazb
-\ls\hooverazc
-\ls\horakk
-\ls\hornbkp
-\ls\hosekd
-\ls\jonesdm
-\ls\kelleram
-\ls\knuthdecb
-\ls\knuthdecc
-\ls\knuthded
-\ls\knuthdee
-\ls\knuthdeg
-\ls\knuthdeib
-\ls\knuthdej
-\ls\kolodziejska
-\ls\kopkah
-\ls\laancga
-\ls\laancgc
-\ls\laancgd
-\ls\laancge
-\ls\laancgg
-\ls\laancgga
-\ls\laancgh
-\ls\laancgi
-\ls\laancgj
-\ls\laancgk
-\ls\laancgl
-\ls\laancgm
-%\ls\laancgn
-\ls\laancgo
-\ls\laancgp
-\ls\laancgq
-\ls\laancgs
-\ls\lamportla
-\ls\lamportlb
-\ls\lamportlc
-\ls\lavaudma
-\ls\mattese
-\ls\mittelbachfc
-\ls\mittelbachfd
-\ls\mittelbachff
-\ls\mittelbachffb
-\ls\mittelbachfg
-\ls\oostrump
-\ls\quinlre
-\ls\rahtzspq
-\ls\ramekmb
-\ls\salomondg
-\ls\samuelal
-\ls\schrodj
-\ls\sewellw
-\ls\southallra
-\ls\southallrb
-\ls\sowafb
-\ls\spivakmda
-\ls\spivakmdb
-\ls\spivakmdc
-\ls\swansone
-\ls\taylorp
-\ls\tobing
-\ls\treebusk
-\ls\tugpub
-\ls\tutelaersp
-\ls\urbanm
-\ls\vensej
-\ls\williamst
-\ls\winninkjj
-\ls\winogradt
-\ls\youngenra
-\ls\youngenrb
-\ls\youngenrc
-\ls\zbikowskir
-\ls\zlatuskaja
-\ls\zlatuskajb
-\endinput \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/info/whatstex/wots.tex b/info/whatstex/wots.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index d342f0f638..0000000000
--- a/info/whatstex/wots.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2956 +0,0 @@
-%What is TeX and METAfont all about? C.G van der Laan, cgl@risc1.rug.nl
-\documentstyle[bezier]{article} %Version 1.1 Jan 94
-\def\Dash{---}
-\def\dash{--}
-\def\address#1{#1}\def\netaddress#1{}\def\network#1{}
-
-%Needed files: abr.tex, btable.tex, ds.pic, icon.tex, lit.dat, lit.sel,
-% lus.pic, math.tex, pic.pic (tugboat.sty/cmn)
-%In final version all these files have been included, however.
-%\input{abr.tex} %Abbreviations from TUGboat.cmn
-%\input{icon.tex} %Icon macros
-%\input{manmac.cgl}%Some boxing macros from manmac
-%Input at the appropriate place
-% ds.pic , picture inspired by David Salomon
-% lus.pic , picture from lustrum paper
-% pic.pic , picture from Furuta
-%Input along the way (within \begingroup ... \endgroup)
-% btable.tex, bordered tabl macro (redefines \multispan!!!)
-% math.tex , multipositioning of \eqalign (redefines centering needed)
-% lit.dat , literature database (at the end)
-% lit.sel , literature reference names pointing to the database.
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\newcount\TestCount
-\def\smc{\tensmc}
-\def\SMC{\ninerm}
-\font\tensmc=cmcsc10
-%
-% ***** abbreviations and logos *****
-%
-
-\def\AllTeX{(\La)\TeX}
-
-\def\AMS{American Mathematical Society}
-
-\def\AmS{{\the\textfont2 A}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox
- {\the\textfont2 M}\kern-.125em{\the\textfont2 S}}
-\def\AmSTeX{\AmS-\TeX}
-
-\def\aw{A\kern.1em-W}
-\def\AW{Addison\kern.1em-\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip Wesley}
-
-\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\smc i\kern-.025emb}\kern-.08em\TeX}}
-
-\def\CandT{{\sl Computers \& Typesetting}}
-
-\def\DVItoVDU{DVIto\kern-.12em VDU}
-
-\def\ISBN{{\SMC ISBN} }
-
-% Japanese TeX
-\def\JTeX{\leavevmode\hbox{\lower.5ex\hbox{J}\kern-.18em\TeX}}
-
-\def\JoT{{\sl The Joy of \TeX}}
-
-\def\LAMSTeX{L\raise.42ex\hbox{\kern-.3em\the\scriptfont2 A}%
- \kern-.2em\lower.376ex\hbox{\the\textfont2 M}\kern-.125em
- {\the\textfont2 S}-\TeX}
-
-% note -- \LaTeX definition is from LATEX.TEX 2.09 of 7 Jan 86,
-% adapted for additional flexibility in TUGboat
-%\def\LaTeX{\TestCount=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex
-% \hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX}
-% note -- broken in two parts, to permit separate use of La,
-% as in (La)TeX
-\def\La{\TestCount=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex
- \hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}}
-\def\LaTeX{\La\kern-.15em\TeX}
-
-% for Robert McGaffey
-\def\Mc{\setbox\TestBox=\hbox{M}M\vbox to\ht\TestBox{\hbox{c}\vfil}}
-
-\font\manual=logo10 % font used for the METAFONT logo, etc.
-\def\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}
-\def\mf{{\smc Metafont}}
-\def\MFB{{\sl The \slMF book}}
-
-% multilingual (INRS) TeX
-\def\mtex{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{\^E}\kern-.125emX}
-
-\def\pcMF{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox{p\kern-.3ptc}MF}
-\def\PCTeX{PC\thinspace\TeX}
-\def\pcTeX{\leavevmode\raise.5ex\hbox{p\kern-.3ptc}\TeX}
-
-\def\Pas{Pascal}
-
-\def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC}
-\def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX}
-
-\def\plain{{\tt plain}}
-
-\def\POBox{P.\thinspace O.~Box }
-\def\POBoxTUG{\POBox\unskip~9506, Providence, RI~02940}
-
-\def\PS{{Post\-Script}}
-
-\def\SC{Steering Committee}
-
-\def\SGML{{\SMC SGML}}
-
-\def\SliTeX{{\rm S\kern-.06em{\smc l\kern-.035emi}\kern-.06em\TeX}}
-
-\def\slMF{\MF}
-% Use \font\manualsl=logosl10 instead, if it's available,
-% for \def\slMF{{\manualsl META}\-{\manualsl FONT}}
-
-% Atari ST (Klaus Guntermann)
-\def\stTeX{{\smc st\rm\kern-0.13em\TeX}}
-
-\def\TANGLE{{\tt TANGLE}}
-
-\def\TB{{\sl The \TeX book}}
-\def\TP{{\sl \TeX\/}: {\sl The Program\/}}
-
-\def\TeX{T\hbox{\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
-
-\def\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
-
-% Don Hosek
-\def\TeXMaG{\TeX M\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{A}\kern-.2267emG}
-
-%\def\TeXtures{\TestCount=\the\fam
-% \TeX\-\hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle TURES$}}
-\def\TeXtures{{\it Textures}}
-\let\Textures=\TeXtures
-
-\def\TeXXeT{\TeX--X\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT}
-
-\def\ttn{{\sl TTN}}
-\def\TTN{{\sl \TeX{} and TUG NEWS}}
-
-\def\tubfont{\sl} % redefined in other situations
-\def\TUB{{\tubfont TUGboat\/}}
-
-\def\TUG{\TeX\ \UG}
-
-\def\UG{Users Group}
-
-\def\UNIX{{\SMC UNIX}}
-
-\def\VAX{\leavevmode\hbox{V\kern-.12em A\kern-.1em X}}
-\def\VorTeX{V\kern-2.7pt\lower.5ex\hbox{O\kern-1.4pt R}\kern-2.6pt\TeX}
-
-\def\XeT{\leavevmode\hbox{X\kern-.125em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT}}
-
-\def\WEB{{\tt WEB}}
-\def\WEAVE{{\tt WEAVE}}
-%********************************************************************
-\def\icmat#1#2{%ICon MATrix(rectangular)
-%#1 is ht of icon matrix, e.g. 4
-%#2 is wd of icon matrix, e.g. 2
-\vbox to#1\unitlength{\hrule
- \hbox to#2\unitlength{\vrule
- height#1\unitlength\hfil\vrule}%
- \hrule}%
-}%end icmat
-%
-\def\icurt#1#2{%IConUpperRightTriangle
-%#1 is ht of icon matrix, with UT
-%the upper triangular part, e.g. 4
-%#2 is wd of icon (upper triangular)
-%matrix, e.g. 2
-\vbox to #1\unitlength{\hrule
- \hbox{\picture(#2,#2)%
- \put(0,#2){\line(1,-1){#2}}%
- \endpicture\vrule}%
- \vfil}%
-}%end icurt
-%
-\def\icllt#1#2{%IConLowerLeftTriangle
-%#1 is ht of icon matrix, with LT
-%the lower triangular part, e.g. 4
-%#2 is wd of icon (lower triangular)
-%matrix, e.g. 2
-\vbox to #1\unitlength{\vfil
- \hbox{\vrule\picture(#2,#1)%
- \put(0,#2){\line(1,-1){#2}}%
- \endpicture}%
- \hrule}%
-}%end icllt
-%
-\def\icuh#1#2#3{%IConUpperHessenberg
-%#1 is size of icon matrix, with UH
-% the upper Hessenberg part, e.g. 4
-%#2 is wd of icon (upper Hesenberg)
-% matrix, e.g. 1
-%#3 is size Lower Left triangular part,
-% #1-#2 (for simplicity the latter is added,
-% could have been calculated, perhaps some
-% inconsistency test could be incorporated)
-\vbox to #1\unitlength{\offinterlineskip
- \hrule
- \hbox to#1\unitlength{\vrule height%
- #2\unitlength depth0pt\relax
- \hfil\vrule}%
- \hbox to#1\unitlength{\picture(#3,#3)%
- \put(0,#3){\line(1,-1){#3}}\endpicture
- \hfil\vrule}%
- \hbox to#1\unitlength{\hfil\vrule
- width#2\unitlength height.2pt\relax}%
- }%
-}%end icuh
-%
-\def\hidehrule#1#2{\kern-#1\hrule
- height#1 depth#2 \kern-#2 }
-\def\hidevrule#1#2{\kern-#1{\dimen0=#1
- \advance\dimen0 by#2\vrule width\dimen0}%
- \kern-#2 }
-% \makeblankbox puts rules at the edges of
-% a blank box whose dimensions are those
-% of \box0 (assuming nonnegative wd,ht,dp)
-% #1 is rule thickness outside,
-% #2 is rule thickness inside
-\def\makeblankbox#1#2{\hbox{\lower\dp0
- \vbox{\hidehrule{#1}{#2}%
- \kern-#1% overlap the rules at the corners
- \hbox to\wd0{\hidevrule{#1}{#2}%
- \raise\ht0\vbox to #1{}% set the vrule height
- \lower\dp0\vtop to #1{}% set the vrule depth
- \hfil\hidevrule{#2}{#1}}%
- \kern-#1\hidehrule{#2}{#1}}}}
-\def\maketypebox{\makeblankbox{0pt}{1pt}}
-\def\makelightbox{\makeblankbox{.2pt}{.2pt}}
-\def\<#1>{$\langle#1\rangle$}
-\def\cs#1{{\tt\char92#1}}
-%
-\def\mm{{\tt manmac}}
-\def\mmt{{\tt manmac.sty}}
-%For abstracting and customizing
-%\def\head*#1*{\chapter*{#1}}
-%\def\subhead*#1*{\section*{#1}}
-%\def\subsubhead*#1*{\subsection*{#1}}
-%\def\ftn#1{\footnote{#1}}
-\let\ea=\expandafter \let\ag=\aftergroup \let\nx=\noexpand
-%Customize footer
-\def\pfoottext{NLUUG meeting Fall '93}
-%
-\begin{document}
-
-\title{What is \TeX{} and METAfont all about?}
-%\thanks{Paper to be presented at NLUUG meeting of 2 November, 1993.}
-\author{Kees van der Laan}
-\address{Hunzeweg 57, 9893 PB\\
- Garnwerd, Groningen (NL)\\
- +31 5941 1525}
-\netaddress[\network{Internet}]{cgl@risc1.rug.nl}
-\overfullrule0pt
-%\begin{abstract}
-%A survey of
-% \TeX,
-% its flavours, and
-% its twin sister \MF{},
-%within the context of Electronic Publishing,
-%is given.
-%\end{abstract}
-\maketitle
-%\paragraph*{Keywords:}{\small \AmSTeX,
-%education, electronic publishing, (La)\TeX, METAfont, (encapsulated) \PS,
-% SGML, hypertext.}
-\section*{Contents}%
-\begingroup\small
-Introduction\\
--- \TeX{} etc.{} tools\\
--- Importance\\
--- \TeX's flavours, drivers, and fonts\\
--- Descriptive mark-up\\
--- \TeX{} its author, users, and publishers\\
--- \TeX\ and other EP tools\\
--- Trends\\
--- Examples: generic format, and\\
-\phantom{--} in the small math, tables, and graphics\\
--- Front \& back matter \\
--- Guidelines for choosing\\
-Acknowledgements, Conclusions, References.
-\endgroup
-\section*{Introduction}
-This work about computer-assisted typesetting by \AllTeX{} and \MF{}
-in context, is aimed at a broad audience.
-Novice users \`a la
-BLU\footnote{BLU is Knuth's nickname for the innocent user, the so-called
- Ben Lee User of the \TeX book fame, with BLUe its cousin, adopted by me.
- Nowadays we would say Beginning \LaTeX\ User.}
-who like to become informed what it is all about,
-advanced \LaTeX\ users who hardly have heard of \mm,
-and mathematicians and publishers who will find the offerings
-of the \AMS{} interesting.
-
-There have been published many notes, articles and books about \TeX.
-Advanced ones exploring \TeX's limits, and also contributions at
-the survey and introductory level.
-The latter deal with
-the macroscopic mark-up features as well as
-the microscopics of automatic kerning,
- for example with A and V in AV,
-the automatic handling of ligatures,
-the automatic justification and hyphenation
-supported by hyphenation tables, and the formatting of
-math, tables and graphics.
-They also boast of the quality which can be
-obtained when formatting the typographic teasers:
-math, tables and graphics.
-
-In the \TeX niques series we have the
-tutorials:
-A gentle introduction to \TeX, by Michael Doob, and
-First grade \TeX, by Arthur Samuel.
-For \LaTeX\ there is: An introduction to \LaTeX, by Michael Urban,
-and---for the Dutch speaking community---Publiceren met \LaTeX, by
-de Bruin.
-Also noteworthy is Hoenig's \TeX\ for new users, and
-the introduction chapter in Salomon's courseware Insights and Hindsights.
-For \MF{} see Henderson's An introduction to \MF{},
-Tobin's \MF{} for beginners, and Knuth's
-introductory article on the issue in TUGboat.
-A survey with respect to EP tools (Electronic Publishing) is
-Document Formatting Systems:
-Survey, Concepts and Issues, by Furuta and co-authors.
-
-For trying it out and working with it, the user groups
-distribute PD versions of (La)\TeX{} as well as
-integrated working environments for PCs,
-with all kinds of bells-and-whistles added.
-Ubiquitous is Mattes' PD em\TeX, and the working environments
- As\TeX{} (apart from Framework it is
- in the Public Domain), next to the Dutch 4\TeX{} (which is shareware).
-
-This paper relates \TeX{} and \MF{} to EP,
-SGML and the like, as a helicopter view, and accounts for the many
-activities of its users.
-At the end an annotated bibliography has been supplied.
-
-\paragraph*{Conventions and notations.}
-I adhered to the historical development of \TeX\ et cetera,
-and did not order the tools with respect to perceived importance.
-The latter is a matter of taste and definitely time-dependent.
-
-The Contents list is not a one-to-one mapping of the section titles.
-It is used to stress the main items and their treatment within a logical
-hierarchy.
-I clustered some section titles and subsection titles, whenever
-convenient, to enhance readability.
-The aim was to convey the contents and not so much the form,
-to paraphrase Marvin Minsky.
-
-Because it is a `helicopter' view I need to refer to other work.
-This has been done a little loose via the name of the
-(first) author and the title, or keywords form the title.
-The reader can easily spot from the supplied list of references
-which work is hinted at.
-Just start by the author name and look for the matching title.
-I also did not bother about traditions which require that book titles are set
-in italics or so. In my opinion to find out whether it is a book, a report or
-a journal article follows easily from the ISBN number if provided,
-respectively the journal name.
-Hereby I assume that readers are familiar with some
-journal names, for example TUGboat, the journal of the \TeX\ Users Group.
-
-For common words in the \TeX\ arcana\Dash like \TeX, \LaTeX,
-\AMS, et cetera\Dash I adopted the TUGboat
-typesetting conventions by using their macros for formatting these names.
-File names are set in the \cs{tt} font.
-
-\section{\TeX{} etc.{} tools}
-First of all \TeX\ etc.\ has been around for some fifteen years,
-and many of its users have contributed to the components
-and to the porting to many platforms,
-with the result that it is
-not easy to really survey the whole complex.
-
-Going back to the roots we can say that
-\TeX\ is a program for formatting documents,
-born as a twin with its sister \MF, for creating fonts.
-\TeX\ and \MF{} have been designed to facilitate the
-high-quality computer-assisted production of books.
-A more modern way of talking is that \TeX\ is
-a mark-up language with \MF{} the accompanying
-tool for designing the needed graphics, starting with the fonts.
-
-A nice survey of the most important components and files when working with
-\TeX\ is supplied by the accompanying diagram,\footnote{Inspired by
- Salomon's diagram as supplied in his courseware: Insights and Hindsights.}
-which illustrates the two main fields: font design and typesetting, with
-the relations between the components and files, all in one, and abstracting
-from details.
-
-\noindent
-%Version Aug 93 cgl@risc1.rug.nl
-\begingroup%Basically Salomon's diagram
-%\Large\setlength{\unitlength}{3ex}
- \setlength{\unitlength}{3.8ex}
-\begin{picture}(14,16)(-.5, -3)
-%1st column
-\put(1, 0){\line(0, 1){1.5}}
-\put(1, 2){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(1, 2){\makebox(0, 0){.pk}}
-\put(1, 4){\vector(0, -1){1.5}}
-\put(-.5, 4){\framebox(3, 1){METAfont}}
-\put(1, 6.5){\vector(0, -1){1.5}}
-\put(1, 7){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(1, 7){\makebox(0, 0){.mf}}
-%second column
-\put(7.5, -.5){\framebox(2, 1){driver}}
-\put(9.6, .6){\line(-1, 0){.5}}
-\put(9.6, .6){\line( 0, -1){.5}}
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-\put(8.5, 4){\vector(0, -1){1.5}}
-\put(7.5, 4){\framebox(2, 1){\TeX}}
-%Manmac
-\put(9.75, 5.25){\line(-1, 0){1.25}}
-\put(9.75, 5.25){\line( 0, -1){.5}}
-\put(9.75, 4.75){\line(-1, 0){.25}}
-\put(9.8, 4.75){{\tiny manmac}}
-%LaTeX
-\put(10, 5.5){\line(-1, 0){1.25}}
-\put(10, 5.5){\line( 0, -1){.5}}
-\put(10, 5){\line(-1, 0){.25}}
-\put(8.75, 5.5){\line( 0, -1){.25}}
-\put(10.1, 5){{\tiny \LaTeX}}
-\put(10.25, 5.75){\line(-1, 0){1.25}}
-\put(10.25, 5.75){\line( 0, -1){.5}}
-\put(10.25, 5.25){\line(-1, 0){.25}}
-\put(9, 5.75){\line( 0, -1){.25}}
-\put(10.35, 5.35){{\tiny AMS-(La)\TeX}}
-%
-\put(10.35, 5.85){\hbox{.}\kern.1ex
-\raise.5ex\hbox{.}\kern.1ex\raise1ex\hbox{.}}
-%
-\put(8.5, 6.5){\vector(0, -1){1.5}}
-\put(8.5, 7){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(8.5, 7){\makebox(0, 0){.tex}}
-%
-\multiput(8.5, 9)(0, -.415){3}{\line(0, -1){.25}}
-\put(8.5, 8.7){\vector(0, 1){.3}}
-\put(8.5, 7.8){\vector(0, -1){.3}}
-\put(7.5, 9){\framebox(2, 1){editor}}
-%Spelling checker
-\put(9.75, 10.25){\line(-1, 0){1.25}}
-\put(9.75, 10.25){\line( 0, -1){.5}}
-\put(9.75, 9.75){\line(-1, 0){.25}}
-\put(9.85, 9.75){{\tiny spell}}
-%Style checker
-\put(10, 10.5){\line(-1, 0){1.25}}
-\put(10, 10.5){\line( 0, -1){.5}}
-\put(10, 10){\line(-1, 0){.25}}
-\put(8.75, 10.5){\line( 0, -1){.25}}
-\put(10.1, 10){{\tiny style}}
-%
-\put(10.1, 10.6){\hbox{.}\kern.1ex
-\raise.5ex\hbox{.}\kern.1ex\raise1ex\hbox{.}}
-%
-\put(8.5, 11.5){\vector(0, -1){1.5}}
-\put(8.5, 12){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(8.5, 12){\makebox(0, 0){copy}}
-%basis
-\put(1, 0){\vector(1, 0){6.5}}
-\put(9.5, 0){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(11, -.75){\framebox(2, 1.5){}}
-\put(11.25, -.4){\shortstack{\small printer\\\small screen}}
-%middle
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-\multiput(5, .25)(0, 1){4}{\line(0,1){.5}}
-\multiput(5, -1.75)(0, 1.3){2}{\line(0,1){.2}}
-%
-\put(3.5, -1.250){\dashbox{.25}(3, .5){{\tiny \PS}}}
-\multiput(6.5, -1)(.45, 0){4}{\line(1,0){.25}}
-\put(8.5, -1){\line( -1, 0){.2}}
-%
-\put(8.5, -1){\vector(0, 1){.5}}
-\put(2.5, 4.5){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(5, 4.5){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(5, 4.5){\makebox(0, 0){.tfm}}
-\put(6, 4.5){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(9.5, 4.5){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(12, 4.5){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(12, 4.5){\makebox(0, 0){.log}}
-%base line
-\put(.51,-1.75){\vector(-1, 0){1}}
-\put(2.25, -1.75){\makebox(0, 0){Fonts}}
-\put(3.9,-1.75){\vector( 1, 0){1}}
-\put(6.1,-1.75){\vector(-1, 0){1}}
-\put(9, -1.75){\makebox(0, 0){Typesetting}}
-\put(11.9,-1.75){\vector(1, 0){1}}
-\end{picture}
-\endgroup
-
-\noindent That is
-\begin{itemize}
-\item the flow from copy to printed results
-\item where the editor and its associated tools come in
-\item the location of \TeX\Dash its flavours, and add-ons\Dash at the heart
-\item what is used from \MF{} and where
-\item the printer independence via various drivers
-\item at what level \PS{} can be included.
-\end{itemize}
-The important files are indicated by their extensions and are
-depicted within ovals. What holds for creating the \verb|.tex| file
-holds also for the \verb|.mf| file.\footnote{Not mentioned are vir\TeX\
- and ini\TeX. Erik-Jan Vens communicated the following functionalities
- on the TeX-nl network: `Ini\TeX\ allows preparing and fast loading
- of {\tt .fmt} files. Vir\TeX\ is a program that can accept fast
- your macros and then do the typesetting job proper.'}
-
-\subsection{Working environments.}
-The needed tools are nowadays embedded in
-computer-assisted (scientific) working environments.
-At first sight this seems trivial, but it is really handy that the tools
-are integrated, also with non-formatting applications per se, such
-as email, database applications and the old running of C or FORTRAN programs.
-A model of thinking is that, for example, a thesis is prepared and all
-the simulations and calculations are done as a side-step of the main work:
-publishing! That is document preparation, formatting, typesetting, and
-dissemination.
-The graphics-oriented PCs like Macintosh and Atari paved the way.
-Nowadays the 486-based PCs with their (graphics) window facilities allow
-this way of working too.
-
-\subsection{Installation.}
-The products are usually accompanied by their installation documentation.
-Famous, and top class, are the AMS installation Guides.
-With the PD PC versions the idea is to supply turn-key scripts so that
-the installation goes automatically.
->From those distributed by the TUG/LUGs the only nice one
-I have seen is the GUTenberg PD PC set and installation guide,
-prepared by Lavaud. Installation of the working environments is more
-complicated, because of the many components.
-
-\subsection{Lifetime.}
-The kernel \TeX\ and \MF{}
-programs have been designed with flexibility and portability in mind.
-Knuth envisioned that the two could be used a hundred years from now,
-just as we do today, with the same
-input and results!\footnote{Or better.}
-In order to make this possible Knuth
-\begin{itemize}
-\item invented the \WEB{} literate programming way of working
-\item documented the programs (open system) well
-\item worked hard on making the systems error free
-\item delivered the twins into the public domain, and
-\item froze the kernels.
-\end{itemize}
-Because of these goodies the user community could port the systems
-to any conceivable platform, and add layers on top
-to adjust for users' wishes and demands. All-in-all one can say
-that the twins are portable in place and time, are powerful, useful,
-and will serve a lifetime.
-
-The working environments suffer from a much shorter lifetime.
-Read: need continuous maintenance and that is something, especially in
-a volunteer-based world.
-It is always
-a matter of the right balance: how fast do I need to do the day-to-day
-work and how often do I wish to upgrade the working environment.
-
-\section{Importance}
->From the computer science point of view
-\TeX\ and \MF{} are big research achievements
-in how software engineering should be done,
-if not for the literate programming way of software design and creation.
-Top-class algorithms for line-breaking, hyphenation and page make-up
-have been incorporated.
-It is designed to be device-independent.
-That Knuth succeeded so well in his basic research can be witnessed
-by the many publications which
-have been built upon his Computer and Typesetting works,
-and the many honorary degrees he has received.
-
->From the users' point of view \TeX\ etc.\
-is relevant because of the quality which
-can be obtained when used as a formatter.
-\TeX\ is an open and freely available system.
-It has been frozen, and delivered into the public domain to serve
-for a lifetime.
-That Knuth succeeded here so well can be distilled from the many organized
-users of \AllTeX\ world-wide, and perhaps the tenfold more who
-just use the systems.
-
-Its weakness is that \TeX\ proper does {\em not\/} have easy user guides.
-This weakness has been compensated for by efforts like \LaTeX,
-\AmSTeX/\LaTeX, and the styles from publishing houses and their user and
-installation guides.
-%\begin{quote}
-Perhaps an unexpected side-effect of \TeX\ is that it is so heavily used
-with alphabets different from Latin, and even with scripts
-which run from right to left (Hebrew) or scripts which run vertically
-(Japanese), not to mention specific hyphenation patterns.
-%\end{quote}
-That \TeX\ allows for these usages might give an idea of its power.
-
->From the publishers' point of view \TeX\ has the potential of being used
-for producing complex scientific documents cost-effectively.
-This is the current practice of the \AMS,
-and the American Physical Society, APS for short.
-They supply authors with
-\begin{itemize}
-\item user and installation guides
-\item fonts
-\item style files
-\item templates, and
-\item support, in general.
-\end{itemize}
-
-\paragraph*{The advantages}can be summarized as
-\begin{itemize}
-\item high-quality craftsman tool
-\item lingua franca for exchange of typographically complex documents
-\item stability (\TeX{} kernel has been frozen)
-\item open system
-\item available for nearly all platforms
-\item in the public domain
-\item portable, flexible, extensible, \ldots
-\item 7.5--10k organized users world-wide
-\item cost-effective production tool.
-\end{itemize}
-
-\paragraph*{Disadvantages}are there any?
-Of course there are. But it is questionable
-whether one should talk about disadvantages.
-Perhaps one should talk more in terms of incompleteness.
-\begin{quote}
-What is felt like an omission can be added,
-because it is an extensible system.
-\end{quote}
-I for one miss that \mmt---Knuth's macros for formatting his books---doesn't
-take a user guide, nor does plain \TeX.
-Of course there is the \TeX book---the bible for the \TeX ies---but that does
-{\em not\/} hide the details---it is all there, for the beginner as
-well as for the advanced macro writer---which is confusing
-and simply too much for a novice. In summary
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \AllTeX\ is not
- WYSIWYG-like\footnote{Usually commercial.}
-\item unusual macro language\footnote{It is always a matter of education,
- and after that the {\em un\/}usual issues metamorphose into paradigms.}
-\item complex: $\approx$ 1k commands, parameters, \ldots\footnote{Abstraction,
- subsetting and user guides\Dash like those of \AmSTeX\Dash are needed.
- Tools which concentrate on the publishing goal and not so much on
- understanding and learning the formatting language per se.}
-\end{itemize}
-So its incompleteness is a challenge to all of us, to fill it up.
-
-It is true, however, that professionals have found some niches which deserve
-further research and development. Surveys on these items are provided in
-the E-\TeX\ paper by Mittelbach, and the New Typesetting System efforts
-initiated by the German-speaking users group DANTE.
-Also noteworthy is the effort to improve
-\LaTeX\ via the so-called \LaTeX3 (better known as lxiii) project.
-
-One can also argue that delving into these details is sub-optimization,
-concentrating too much on the mapping onto paper. Bigger issues are
-related to the multi-media aspects, let us say to represent information
-in a flexible way such that it can be processed by various technologies,
-into forms suited for various users, their circumstances and their
-tastes, limited only by their senses.
-I like to call this {\em real\/} applied information technology:
-information to be accessed by the masses.
-
-\section{\TeX's flavours}
-\TeX\ has gotten its children already, like \mm, \LaTeX, and
-\AmSTeX/\LaTeX, to name but a few.
-As usual with children they live their own lives.
-For \TeX\ this means that they have the confusing
-side-effect of not being completely compatible.
-In spite of this incompatibility reality has it that authors and publishers
-make their choice---\TeX-based, or \LaTeX-oriented---and therefore
-the incompatibilities don't hinder most of us.
-
-\paragraph*{\mmt} is a set of macros
-written and used by Knuth to format his magnum opus:
-The Art of Computer Programming,
-his Computers and Typesetting series,
-and so on. For an account see my Manmac BLUes.
-
-\paragraph*{\LaTeX}stresses the higher-level approach of descriptive mark-up
-and hides the formatting details as much as possible from an author.
-Because of the rigorous way this has been implemented,
-it is hard to customize the prefab styles.
-
-Leslie Lamport's manual, \LaTeX, A Document Preparation System,
-exhibits the functionalities
-\begin{itemize}
-\item prefab styles: article, book, letter, report, slides
-\item automatic (symbolic) numbering and cross-referencing
-\item multi-column formatting, with its embedded 1-column occasionally
- for tables and figures
-\item automatic generation of ToC, LoT, LoF
-\item picture environment
-\item bibliography environment.
-\end{itemize}
-
-\paragraph*{\AmSTeX/\LaTeX}are the tools of the
-pace-setting American Mathematical Society. This publisher adopted
-and supported the \TeX\ development from the beginning. (See below
-under \TeX\ and its publishers.)
-
-\paragraph*{\LAMSTeX} reimplemented in a flexible way
- the descriptive \LaTeX\ approach, next to
- a general automatic numbering and symbolic referencing scheme,
- advanced table macros, and
- sophisticated commutative diagram macros.
- See my review of Spivak's \oe uvre
- for more details about the Joy of \TeX\ and \LAMSTeX---The Synthesis.
-
-\paragraph*{In summary}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \mmt, Knuth's format
-\item \LaTeX, descriptive mark-up, and user's guide
-\item \AmSTeX/\LaTeX\ styles and fonts, with support
-\item \LAMSTeX
-\item TUGboat styles
-\item PD software and working environments
-\end{itemize}
-
-\section{\TeX's drivers}
-Normally the drivers come with your \TeX\ when you buy it.
-With the PD versions, users have to be aware of the PD available drivers,
-for the various PCs and printers,
-unless your user group provides you with an
-integrated working environment which contains all.
-For a survey of the available `Output device
-drivers' see Hosek's paper in TUG's resource directory.
-He details drivers for
-\begin{itemize}
-\item laser xerographic and electron-erosion printers
-\item impact printers and miscellaneous output devices
-\item phototypesetters
-\item screen previewers
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent and ends up with supplier information.
-Joachim Schrod reported in TUGboat 13, 1,
-(early 1992) from the TUG DVI driver standards committee.
-
-Well-known is the PD Beebe driver family. em\TeX\ comes with some
-drivers for dot matrix printers and the HP LaserJets.
-
-At the TUG '92 meeting the attendees were surprised by Raman's paper
-`An audio view of (La)\TeX\ documents.' It has all to do with
-representing the contents of a publication for the blind.
-
-With respect to \PS\ the \verb|dvitops| driver is important. Formerly,
-I also used \verb|dvitodvi| in order to print out selected pages.
-Now I use \mm's facility to do that which is essential
-simpler for that purpose because it ships out only the required pages.
-
-\section{\TeX{} and fonts}
->From the beginning Knuth provided \TeX\ with the computer modern family of
-fonts. These fonts can be generated, and varied via \MF,
-by adjusting some parameters.
-Since the introduction of the virtual font concept, in revision '89
-better known as \TeX{} version 3,
-many industrial fonts can be used as well.
-Via this mechanism, font elements can be combined at the driver level.
-The need for handling in a flexible way the positioning of diacritical marks
-was the incentive for adding the virtual font concept, to make it
-feasible to handle languages with their own special placements of
-diacritical marks without the need to
-regenerate complete new fonts.
-The other way is to generate complete font tables for every language,
-which is a perfectly acceptible way of doing it,
-but will entail many font tables and
-of larger size.\footnote{Reality has it that the \TeX\ community standardized
- on the 256-character DC font tables, to allow for some special characteres,
- like the use of the ij in Dutch. See Haralambous' paper in TTN 1, 4.
- An entirely different approach is needed for the Japanese ideograms,
- that is symbols representing things or ideas. At present there are some
- 6,353 kanji characters available on various types of computers known
- as JIS level 1 or 2 (Japanese Industrial Standard is akin to ASCII.)
-}
-
-However, since \TeX\ is used for more and more applications
-the need for more fonts\Dash different shapes, sizes and so on\Dash
-has emerged.
-Using standard bitmap technology much computer memory is needed.
-Reality has it that scaling fonts linearly does not yield
-pleasing results.
-To compensate for this the intelligent scalable fonts technology emerged%
----near-linear and intelligent, that is with some enhancements---%
-as opposed to the classical memory-consuming bitmap fonts, extended by
-the linear scaling as such.
-
-Also the mark-up for fonts has gotten a new dimension: the linear space of
-available fonts is seen as a 4-dimensional space governed by the coordinates
-family, serie, shape, and size. The approach goes with the buzzword NFSS,
-New Font Selection Scheme (See Goossens, Mittlebach and Samarin).
-
-\paragraph*{Which fonts can be used with \TeX?}
-The following classes of {\em text\/} fonts can be used with \TeX
-\begin{itemize}
-\item CM, the native Computer Modern
-\item 14,000 fonts in industry standard Adobe type 1
-\item several hundreds in formats such as TrueType.
-\end{itemize}
-(Very) few fonts can be used with math,
-because of the specialities of the
-font characteristics \TeX\ assumes.
-However, the following fonts can be used with math
-\begin{itemize}
-\item CM math, the native Computer Modern
-\item lucida math
-\item lucida newmath
-\item mathtimes.
-\end{itemize}
-For more details see Horn's Scalable outline fonts paper, and for Japanese
-Fujiura in TTN 1, 2.
-
-\section{Descriptive mark-up}
-Since the start of computer-assisted typography attention has been paid
-to abstraction from details, to the principle of the
-{\em separation of concerns}.
-
-Leading in this area is the SGML approach.\footnote{The relation
- between SGML and \TeX\ will be discussed later.}
-It is argued that
-\begin{quote}
-authors should concentrate on the contents\Dash and inherently on the
-structure\Dash of their documents, leaving the details for formatting
-to the publisher.
-\end{quote}
-
-\paragraph*{Example:}(Call for papers, Furuta)
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\input cfp.tex%contains format and macros
-%next copy proper
-The aim of this paper...
-
-Paper are solicited on ...
-\lstitm Picture editing
-\lstitm Text processing
-\lstitm Algorithms and software...
-
-Detailed abstracts should not ...
-
-Duration of presentation...
-\bye
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-The above example is a mixture of natural input, where blank lines
-have an intuitive but context-dependent meaning, and of
-handling trivia automatically behind the scenes.
-An example of a default is the heading.
-
-For this format the heading is always the same,
-so there is no need for a user to provide it each time the format
-is used. It comes along with the format.
-So do the fonts used and the shortcuts
-like \verb|\def\lstitm{\item{--} }|.
-
-My approach looks simpler than Furuta's\Dash in that paper all the low-level
- formatting details were there\Dash
-because I applied the principle of the separation of concerns
-and abstracted from the low-level formatting details.
-The point I'd like to make is that it is possible to hide
-formatting details, to account for these separately and at a lower level.
-I like to call this approach generic, because the mark-up is customized
-at a lower level to the suited tool.
-
-\section{\TeX\ and its author}
-Don Knuth started the design of \TeX\ in 1978.
-The first major revison dates back to 1982.
-The final version is dated 1989, and called \TeX\ version $\pi$.\footnote{%
- Essentially version 3, but because reality has it that even Knuth
- `makes errors' he allows for adjusted versions denoted by the decimals of
- $\pi$: 3.1, 3.14, 3.141, et cetera.}
-It is all a side-step(!) of his magnus opus: The Art of Computer Programming,
-of which three volumes have appeared of the envisioned seven.
-Because of the rapid development in computer science volume four consists of
-three books already.
-
-In designing and developing \TeX,
-Knuth adhered to several software engineering paradigms like:
-portability, flexibility, robustness, and not to
-forget correctness and documentation.\footnote{The software crises of the
- seventies suffered much from inadequate documentation.}
-In order to do this gracefully
-he coined the words {\em literate programming},
-and provided en-passant tools for practical use!
-In fact \TeX\ can be seen as
-a real-life and significant example of literate programming.
-
-In designing \TeX\ he adopted and developed the following
-\begin{itemize}
-\item boxes, glue and penalties as building blocks
-\item paragraph-wise searching for line-breaks
-\item page mapping via the OTR,\footnote{A buzzword to denote the
- output routine which performs this task.}
- optimizing for least penalties
-\item device-independent output, to be printed, typeset, or viewed,
- by independent driver programs
-\item virtual fonts.
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent \TeX\ was developed as a side-step. \MF{} can be seen as
-an off-off-spring.
-
-\section{\TeX{} and its users}
-It is unknown how many people use \AllTeX, and for what purposes.
-We know, however, that it is used all over the world, to typset
-\begin{itemize}
-\item scientific documents, exchange
- and publish such documents\footnote{For an impression of
- published books formatted via \TeX\ see Beebe's bibliography
- in the TUG resource directory.}
-\item documents which require special fonts and layout
- conventions, like Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew and so on
-\item transparencies and slides
-\item material associated with a
- hobby (bridge, chess, crosswords, go, music, and add yours).
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent A great virtue of the users' action is
-\begin{itemize}
-\item the porting to various platforms
-\item to provide macros, fonts and formats
-\item to maintain \LaTeX
-\item to ponder about and develop New Typsetting Systems
-\item to develop and maintain integrated working environments.
-\end{itemize}
-
-\paragraph*{The user groups.}We also know that many users have
-organized themselves into user groups,
-to start with the original \TeX\ Users Group (TUG),
-and more recently into so-called LUGs---language-oriented
-local user groups.
-The Dutchies are organized since 1988 as the NTG,
-Nederlandstalige \TeX\ Gebruikersgroep, that is Dutch language-oriented
-\TeX\ Users' Group. We enjoy some 225 members of whom are 30 institutions.
-\\
-World-wide some 7.5--10k users are organized.
-\\
-The benefits of being organized, apart from those which come
-from cooperation and sharing in general, are
-\begin{itemize}
-\item meetings
-\item TUGboat, newsletter, casu quo bulletins, `specials'
-\item resource directory (information about the (La)\TeX\ working environments
- of members, their addresses and similar things)
-\item TUGboat styles
-\item assistance\\
- -- archives\\
- -- BBS (Bulletin Board Services) \\
- -- digests \\
- -- FAQs (Frequently Asked QuestionS)
-\item courses
-\item PD sets (Public Domain)
-\item distributing point books (tutorials), software.
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent
-Moreover, the user groups stimulate and support research and development,
-such as the projects: \TeX HaX, \BibTeX,
-and more recently \LaTeX3, and NTS.
->From the social side we have the TUG bursary fund,
-to grant attendence for a TUG meeting for those TUG members who can't
-afford it, next to the Knuth Scholarship award. The latter is a competition
-which rewards the winner with attending a meeting for free.
-
-\paragraph*{Some addresses?}
-\begin{quote}
-TUG: Balboa Building, Room 307, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, Ca 93101, USA,
- {\tt tug@tug.org}\\[1ex]
-NTG: Postbus 394, 1740 AJ Schagen, {\tt ntg@nic.surfnet.nl}.
-\end{quote}
-For other addresses consult the resource directory of TUG, or
-your friendly NTG around the corner.
-
-\subsection{Add-ons}have been provided by the user communities.
-They have also supplied mutual support, and have provided logistic facilities.
-The latter is not restricted to \AllTeX\ proper.
-It is about the general use of the electronic networks
-\begin{itemize}
-\item exchange via e-mail
-\item electronic digests and list servers
-\item the file servers, which store all the macro and style files.
-\end{itemize}
-Really, very nice goodies! The proper add-ons concern
-\begin{itemize}
-\item porting the complex to every system, especially the affordable
- and widespread PCs
-\item macro and style files\footnote{A survey of what is provided is contained
- in the so-called Jones' index, and Beebe's TUGlib.}
-\item extra fonts, casu quo font couplings via virtual font scripts
-\item WYSIWYG user interfaces (commercial)
-\item \TeX-based PD/shareware working environments
-\item language-specific issues (hyphenation patterns, reserved words, \ldots)
-\item drivers for new printers
-\item \PS{} etc.{} inclusion at the dvi level.
-\end{itemize}
-And the end is not yet in sight.
-
-
-\section{\TeX{} and the publishers}
-The importance of the \AMS{} effort is that the AMS is leading in how (La)\TeX\
-can be used cost-effectively as a
-high-quality tool in a production environment:
-publishers cooperating with authors.
-
-As I understand it the American Physical Society is following
-the AMS approach.
-
-At the TUG '91 meeting at Boston, it was estimated that commercial publishers
-handle some 5 to 10\% of their (scientific) production via (La)\TeX.
-
-And in the CIS---Commonwealth of Independent States, the former Russia---MIR
-has adopted the AMS approach as well.
-And then there is the Ukraine group to be founded officially this fall,
-and undoubtedly more to follow.
-%
-\paragraph*{The \AMS}do their
-complete production via \TeX: $\approx$100,000 pages/year,
- and provide authors with
-\begin{itemize}
-\item (generic) styles
-\item macros, and fonts
-\item user guides
-\item support (keyboarding, mark-up, fine-tuning).
-\end{itemize}
-The approach can be depicted by the following scheme
-$$\hbox{\vbox{\lineskip.5\lineskip
-\hbox to15ex{\hss author(\TeX)\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss\tt amsppt.sty\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss\tt amstex.tex\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss\TeX\hss}
-}\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\vbox{\lineskip.5\lineskip
-\hbox to15ex{\hss author(\LaTeX)\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss\tt amsart.sty\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss\llap{{\tt amstex.sty}$\,%
-\rightarrow\;$}\LaTeX\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss$\downarrow$\hss}
-\hbox to15ex{\hss\TeX\hss}
-}}$$
-They also supply fonts: Euler, Fraktur, \ldots
-
-For more details
-consult the AMS sources or see my AMS BLUes paper on the issue.
-
-\paragraph*{The American Physical Society}handle some 20\%
-of their production via \LaTeX. They cooperate with The Optical
-Society of America and the American Institute of Physics.
-Their style is called REV\TeX.
-
-\paragraph*{MIR}publishers Moscow---the driving force
-behind CyrTUG, the Cyrillic language-oriented \TeX\
-users group\footnote{See also `News about CyrTUG and Russian \TeX\ Users'
- in TTN 2, 1.}---translated Spivak's The Joy of \TeX\
-into Russian among others.
-I would not be surprised to hear that they do the
-production of their scientific documents with \TeX\ too, completely.
-They have the knowledge and \TeX nology. And \TeX- and \MF-based
-technology does not require much hard currency for investment.
-
-\paragraph*{JTUG?}And what is going on in Japan?
-The JTUG has at least .5k members.\footnote{See also `Update of \TeX\ in Japan'
- TTN 1, 2.} They have translated among others the \TeX book and the
- \LaTeX\ manual into Japanese.
-Some years ago I received a Japanese newspaper set by J\TeX!
-
-\section{\TeX\ and other EP tools}
-Furuta gives a good account of the history and early tools
-in relation with computer-assisted typesetting. However, since the appearance
-of that paper
-\begin{itemize}
-\item the laser printer technology has taken off
-\item many computer-based fonts have emerged
-\item thinking in structures has gotten more interest (SGML)
-\item the DTP (Desktop Publishing) credo has come into existence, and
-\item hardware prices have continued to spiral down.
-\end{itemize}
-Everybody can afford a PC, a laser(jet) printer, and some software (especially
-Word{\em whatever\/} or the PD \AllTeX). % and publish (or perish). ;-)))
-
-\subsection{\TeX\ and intelligent editors.}
-Keyboarding compuscripts in (La)\TeX\ can be assisted by editors which
-are (La)\TeX\ intelligent, and next, to use templates as `fill-in' forms.
-An example is Beebe's \LaTeX-intelligent emacs.
-This approach can prevent errors like the level 1 or so endings, or
-non-matching braces and the like.
-At this level we can also make use of spelling checkers and style
-assistants.
-
-\subsection{Word{\it whatever\/} and \TeX?}
-It is true that Word-you-name-it, has made the use of computers more popular.
-They replaced the typewriters, don't forget that. And of course that was a
-step forward. These are the tools the masses are using because of the
-sufficient and improved quality which can be obtained.
-This must be seen in context of course: most of the publications
-are just in-house reports, memos and the like.
-
-\begin{quote}
-For high-quality typesetting a \TeX-like tool,
-high-resolution fonts and ipso facto printer, or viewer,
-are needed.
-\end{quote}
-\noindent
-Because wordprocessors are so widespread and heavily used, it can be
-anticipated that users start from there and
-need \TeX's formatting capabilities now and then.
-For that group there exist conversion software:
-the public domain DRILCON
-and the commercial K-Talk.
-Simpler, and better when it concerns complex structured copy,
-is to
-\begin{quote}
-output in ASCII from Word{\it whatever\/}
-and insert \AllTeX\ mark-up.
-\end{quote}
-\noindent And, of course, the wordprocessor can always be used as an editor
-for \TeX, with taking advantage of the integrated spelling checker.
-
-\subsection{Troff or \TeX?}
-Troff preceded \TeX. It comes with UNIX.
-Both have been in use for the last decade.
-To begin with Knuth built upon troff, scribe and similar tools.
-On the other hand the troff add-ons have learned from \TeX.
-So there has been mutual influence.
-
-With respect to the functionality the tools are comparable. Both aim at
-computer-assisted typography. But there is also a world of difference.
-Basically the difference is that troff is a program which can be
-extended by independent preprocessors, and \TeX\ is an extensible
-language itself, with plain \TeX---the kernel program---device independent,
-that is the mapping on the media has to be done by independent drivers.
-That the latter was not in troff
-can be discerned from the subsequent nroff\Dash with accompanying neqn\Dash
-and finally, di-roff, device-independent roff.
-Furthermore, remember that \TeX\ is just one of the twins.
-
-Rumour has it that interest in troff weakened because
-the early PCs did not come with UNIX, and that
-the kernel has remained undocumented (Its author Ossanna
-died in an accident.)
-The following table is supplied to indicate roughly the differences.
-
-\begingroup\tiny
-%\input{btable.tex}
-%C.G. van der Laan, Hunzeweg 57, 9893PB, Garnwerd. Holland. 05941-1525.
-%btable.tex version 1, 17/7/92 author: cgl@risc1.rug.nl
-\newbox\tbl\let\ea=\expandafter
-%Cell vertical size, row height and depth (separation implicit),
-\newdimen\cvsize\newdimen\tsht\newdimen\tsdp\newdimen\tvsize\newdimen\thsize
-%Parameter setting macros: Rules
-\def\hruled{\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}\def\colsep{} \def\rowsep{\hrule}
- \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep}
-\def\vruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil} \def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{}
- \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\hrule}
-\def\ruled {\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}\def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{\hrule}
- \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep}
-\def\nonruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil} \def\colsep{} \def\rowsep{}
- \def\rowstbsep{\vrule}\def\headersep{\hrule}}
-\def\dotruled{\def\lineglue{\dotfill}\def\rowsep{\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}}
-\def\colsep{\lower1.5\tsdp\vbox to\cvsize{%
-\leaders\hbox to0pt{\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt\hss.\hss}\vfil}}
-\let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep}
-%Parameter setting macros: Controling positioning
-\def\ctr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{\hfil}}%Centered
-\def\fll{\def\lft{} \def\rgt{\hfil}}%Flushed left
-\def\flr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{}} %Flushed right
-%Parameter setting macros: Framing
-\def\framed{\let\frameit=\boxit}
-\def\nonframed{\def\frameit##1{##1}}
-\def\dotframed{\let\frameit=\dotboxit}
-%
-\def\btable#1{\vbox{\let\rsl=\rowstblst%Copy
-\ifx\empty\template\ifx\empty\rowstblst
- \def\template{\colsepsurround\lft####\rgt&&\lft####\rgt\cr}
- \else\def\template{\colsepsurround####\hfil&&\lft####\rgt\cr}\fi
- \fi
-\tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize
-\def\tstrut{\vrule height\tsht depth\tsdp width0pt}
-%Logical mark up of column and row separators, via use of
-\def\cs{&\colsepsurround\colsep\colsepsurround&}
-\def\prs{&\colsepsurround\lineglue&} \def\srp{&\lineglue\colsepsurround&}
-\def\rs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr
- \ifx\empty\rowsep\else\noalign{\rowsep}\fi
- \ifx\empty\rowstblst\else\ea\nxtrs\fi}
-\def\grs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr\ghostrow}
-\def\rss{&\colsepsurround\rowstbsep\colsepsurround&}
-\def\hs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr
- \ifx\empty\headersep\else\noalign{\headersep}\fi
- \ifx\empty\rowstblst\else\ea\nxtrs\fi}
-\preinsert
-\setbox\tbl=\vbox{\tabskip=0pt\relax\offinterlineskip
-\halign{\span\template\ifx\empty\first\ifx\empty\rowstblst\else
-\ifx\empty\header\else\ea\rss\fi\fi\else\first\ea\rss\fi
-\ifx\empty\header\ifx\empty\first\if\empty\rsl\else\ea\nxtrs\fi
- \else\ea\hs\fi
-\else\header\ea\hs\fi
-#1\colsepsurround\tstrut\crcr} } %end \setbox
-\postinsert
-\ifx\caption\empty\else\hbox to\thsize{\strut\hfil\caption\hss}\captionsep\fi
-\frameit{\copy\tbl}
-\ifx\footer\empty\else\footersep\hbox{\vtop{\noindent\hsize=\thsize%
-\footer}}\fi }} %end \btable
-%Defaults
-\cvsize=4ex\tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize\def\colsepsurround{\kern.5em}
-\def\caption{}\def\first{}\def\header{}\def\rowstblst{}\def\footer{}\def\data{}
-\def\captionsep{\medskip} \def\headersep{\hrule}
-\def\footersep{\smallskip} \def\rowstbsep{\vrule}
-\def\preinsert{}
-\def\postinsert{\global\thsize=\wd\tbl
- \global\tvsize=\ht\tbl\global\advance\tvsize by\dp\tbl}
-\ctr\nonruled\nonframed\def\template{}\def\ghostrow{} %end Defaults
-%Auxiliaries
-\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\vbox{#1}\vrule}\hrule}}
-\def\dotboxit#1{\vbox{\offinterlineskip\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}%
-\hbox{\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{%
-\leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss}\vfil}%
-\vbox{#1}\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{%
-\leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss}\vfil}}%
-\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}}}
-%And to account for logical columns with \multispan
-\def\spicspan{\span\omit}
-\def\multispan#1{\omit\mscount=#1\multiply\mscount by2 \advance\mscount by-1
-\loop\ifnum\mscount>1 \spicspan\advance\mscount by-1 \repeat}
-%To process FIFO, an improved version is available
-\def\bfifo#1{\ifx\efifo#1\else\def\nxt{\process#1\bfifo}\ea\nxt\fi}
-\def\process#1{\hbox to0pt{\hss#1\hss}\kern.5ex}
-%To handle the row stub list: \rsl
-\def\nxtrs{\ifx\empty\rsl%\let\nxtel=\relax
-\else\def\nxtel{\ea\nrs\rsl\srn}\ea\nxtel\fi}%next Row Stub
-\def\nrs#1#2\srn{\gdef\rsl{#2}#1\rss} %end btable.tex
-%%%%btable end%%%%
-%
-\def\data{%Costs\cs
-PD \cs licensed via UNIX\rs
-%Availability\cs
-all platforms \cs under UNIX \rs
-%Documentation\cs
-\TeX book (also on-line)\cs On-line manual \rs
-%Fonts \cs
-METAfont's CM, virtual fonts \cs ?\rs
-%Design \cs
-open system \cs kernel undocumented\rs
-%Printers \cs
-device independent \cs di-roff approach\rs
-%Flexibility \cs
-complete \cs ?\rs
-%Extensibility \cs
-macros \cs preprocessors\rs
-%Mark-up\cs
-formats and styles\cs ms macros\rs
-%Coding \cs
-uniform in \WEB{} \cs C\rs
-%Future \cs
-kernel frozen, users augment \cs frozen\rs
-%Acceptance \cs
-users, AMS, APS, \ldots \cs users, ?\rs
-}
-\def\header{\AllTeX\cs T/Di-roff}
-\def\rowstblst{{%
-Costs}{%
-Availability}{%
-Documentation}{%
-Fonts }{%
-Design }{%
-Printers }{%
-Flexibility }{%
-Extensibility }{%
-Mark-up }{%
-Coding }{%
-Future }{{%
-Acceptance }}}
-$$\fll\btable\data$$
-\endgroup
-
-\subsection{SGML and \TeX?}
-SGML stands for Standardized Generalized Mark-up Language.
-It is an effort to formalize mark-up, and is defined as a meta-language
-to define the mark-up language of each publication series into
-so-called Document Type Definitions, DTDs for short.
-
-SGML is part of a huge standardization effort supported by the
-US military via the CALS initiative. Other components are: FOSI---Formatted
-Output Specification Instance\footnote{See Dobrowolski's paper.}---and
-DSSSL.\footnote{See Bryan's paper.}
-It is not so much a question of
-\begin{quote}\TeX\ {\em or\/} SGML,
-but more \TeX\ {\em and\/} SGML.
-\end{quote}
-\noindent
-\TeX\ formats can learn a lot from the SGML approach and on the other hand
-SGML needs a formatter when it is used to print documents.
-This cooperative approach is known as
-\begin{quote}
-SGML the front-end,
-\AllTeX\ the back-end.
-\end{quote}
-\noindent A diagram about the SGML-\TeX\ relation is
-supplied in the accompanying picture.
-
-\newcount\leg
-\begin{figure}[hbt]
-\begin{center}
-\begingroup\small
-\setlength{\unitlength}{2.5ex}
-\begin{picture}(20,23)(-10, 0)
-\put(-7,\the\leg){\framebox(4,2){(La)\TeX}}
-\put(-2,\the\leg){\framebox(4,2){TROFF}}
-\put(3,\the\leg){\framebox(4,2){\ldots}}
-\advance \leg by 4
-%hark
-\put(-5,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.75}}
-\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.75}}
-\put(5,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.75}}
-\put(-5,\the\leg){\vector(1,0){5}} %backarrow
-\put( 0,\the\leg){\line(1,0){5}}
-%converters
-\put(5.5,\the\leg){\vtop to 0pt{\hbox{Specific}
- \hbox{format file}\vss
- }
- }
-\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0, 1){1}} %backarrow
-\advance \leg by 1
-\put(-4,\the\leg){\framebox(8,2){%
- \shortstack[c]{%\footnotesize
- Generic markup\ \\
- %\footnotesize
- $\Rightarrow$\ procedural} }
- }
-\advance \leg by 2
-\put(4.2,\the\leg.2){\line(0, -1){1}}
-\put(4.2,\the\leg.2){\line(-1, 0){1}}
-\put(4.4,\the\leg.4){\line(0, -1){1}}
-\put(4.4,\the\leg.4){\line(-1, 0){1}}
-\put(4.6,\the\leg.2){{\tiny Formats}}
-%
-\advance \leg by 1
-\put(0,\the\leg.5){\vector(0,-1){1.5}}
-\put(0,\the\leg.5){\vector(0, 1){0}} %backarrow head
-%applications
-\advance \leg by 1
-\put(-10,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){Exchange}}
-\put(-5,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){Storage}}
-\put(0,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){Publication}}
-\put(5,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){Database}}
-\put(10,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){\vtop to 0pt{\hbox{(Text-)}
- \hbox{analysis}\vss}
- }
- }
-%hark
-\advance \leg by 2
-\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}}
-\put(-5,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}}
-\put(-10,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}}
-\put(5,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}}
-\put(10,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){1.25}}
-\put(-10.5,\the\leg){\line(1,0){21}}
-\put(11.25,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){\dots}}
-\put(-11.25,\the\leg){\makebox(0,0){\dots}}
-\advance \leg by 2
-\put(0,\the\leg){\line(0,-1){2}}
-\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0,1){0}} %back (up) arrow head
-\put(-7.5,\the\leg){\framebox(15,1){Complete, correct SGML
-document}}
-\advance \leg by 2
-\put(.5,\the\leg.25){Parser}
-\advance \leg by 2
-\put(0,\the\leg){\vector(0,-1){3}}
-%\advance \leg by 1
-\put(-7.5,\the\leg){\framebox(15,3){
- \shortstack[l]{\verb=<!=SGML - -declaration - -\verb=>=\\
- \verb=<!=DOCTYPE - - declaration - -\verb=>=\\
- \verb=<!= - - Markup copy - -\verb=>= }
- }
- }
-\advance \leg by 3
-%\corners
-\put(7.7,\the\leg.2){\line(0,-1){2}}
-\put(7.7,\the\leg.2){\line(-1,0){2}}
-\put(7.9,\the\leg.4){\line(0,-1){2}}
-\put(7.9,\the\leg.4){\line(-1,0){2}}
-\put(8.1,\the\leg.2){{\tiny DTDs}}
-%
-\advance \leg by 1
-\put(.5,\the\leg){Editor}
-\advance \leg by 1
-\put(0,\the\leg.5){\vector(0,-1){2.5}}
-\advance \leg by 1
-\put(0,\the\leg){\framebox(0,0){\strut ``Copy''}}
-\end{picture}
-\endgroup% \small/\Large
-\end{center}
-%\caption{Relation SGML and (La)\TeX}
-\end{figure}
-%
-\subsection{SGML and Hypermedia?} The following has been contributed
-by Gerard van Nes (from SGML FAQs and
-Personal Computer Word, March 1992)
-\begin{quote}
-`HyTime---Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (ISO/IEC 10744).
-HyTime is a standard neutral markup language for representing hypertext,
-multimedia, hypermedia and time- and space-based documents in terms of their
-logical structure. Its purpose is to make hyperdocuments interoperable
-and maintainable over the long term. HyTime can be used to represent
-documents containing any combination of digital notations. HyTime is
-parsable as Standard Generalized Markup Language.
-HyTime was accepted as a full International Standard in spring 1992.
-
-SGML's hypermedia capabilities have been beefed up in the SGML standard
-extension HyTime. Although it started out in life as a specific set of
-standards for representing music, it was soon realised that these could
-be generalised for multimedia. HyTime provides
-\begin{itemize}
-\item SGML itself
-\item Extended Hyperdocument management facilities, including support for
- various types of hyperlink
-\item A Coordinate Addressing Facility which positions and synchronises
- on-screen events. This allows authors to specify how hypermedia
- documents are to be rendered
-\item Better version-control of comments and activity-tracking policy support.
-\end{itemize}
-HyTime has been adapted as the basis for hyperlinking in the US
-Department of Defense's Interactive Electronic Technical Manual project.
-HyTime is an extension of SGML, providing a set of syntactic constructs:
-it doesn't specify a processing system.'
-\end{quote}
-\noindent Sounds very promising!
-
-
-\subsection{\TeX\ within the context of EP.}
-When we think about Electronic Publishing we can't avoid being
-aware of the life-cycle of publications.
-This obeys the biological invariant: produce, consume and reuse.
-\subsection*{Life-cycle: producing.}
-The production process has all to do with the dimensions
-
-\begingroup
-\setlength{\unitlength}{1ex}
-\begin{picture}(18,15)(2, -1)
-\put(5,5){\vector(1,0){5}}
-\put(5,5){\vector(0,1){5}}
-\put(5,5){\vector(-1,-2){2.5}}
-%Text
-\put(11,5){Place}
-\put(6,10){Representation}
-\put(4,0){Time}
-\end{picture}
-\endgroup
-
-\noindent and with the characteristics
-\begin{itemize}
-\item representation of the contents, that is the typesetting proper aspects
-\item logistics, that is distribution and selling points---the place dimension
-\item reuse, that is the time aspect, when
- (parts of) document are reused.
-\end{itemize}
-The flow can be depicted via
-
-$$\vbox{\halign{&\enspace\hfil#\hfil\cr
-Produce&$\rightarrow$&Distribute&$\rightarrow$&Consume\cr
-$\uparrow$&&$\uparrow$&&$\downarrow$\cr
-reuse&$\leftarrow$&retrieve&$\leftarrow$&store\cr}}$$
-
-\noindent
-The big features are the unambiguous mark-up of copy via \AllTeX\
-and the lifetime of the \TeX\ kernel. Therefore storing documents
-formatted by \TeX, leaves the reuse aspect open. Reality has it that
-documents formatted via \TeX\ are easily redistributed via the electronic
-networks, because it is all in ASCII, and \TeX\ is everywhere, so are its
-drivers.
-
-My day-to-day reuse is transforming reports into articles and these
-into transparencies.
-In this work it is the other way round I'm recollecting elements I have set
-earlier. Similarly with the book I'm working on Publishing with \TeX.
-Actually my first work in the document preparation area,
-in the early eighties, was called `Van rapport naar tranparant.'
-%
-\subsection*{Life-cycle: consuming.}
-\TeX's drivers have not paid attention to other representations as yet,
-although an exception is a driver for the blind.
-Difficulties in formatting languages different from English have been
-exercised in recent years. Undoubtedly research will be devoted
-to the aspects hinted at in the diagram given below with the dimensions
-
-\begingroup
-\hbox{\setlength{\unitlength}{1ex}
-\begin{picture}(18,14)(2, -1)
-\put(5,5){\vector(1,0){5}}
-\put(5,5){\vector(0,1){5}}
-\put(5,5){\vector(2,-1){5}}
-\put(5,5){\vector(-1,-2){2.5}}
-%Text
-\put(11,5){Level}
-\put(11,2.5){Media}
-\put(6,10){Senses}
-\put(4,0){Language}
-\end{picture}%\quad
-\vbox to3.5\baselineskip{\halign{#\hfil:&\enspace#\hfil\cr
-Senses& eyes, ears, tactile\cr
-Level&abridged, full, \ldots\cr
-Language&English, Dutch, \ldots\cr}
-\vss}}%
-\endgroup
-
-\noindent and with the characteristics
-\begin{itemize}
-\item choice of consumer language independent of the submitted language,
- that is automatic translation
-\item choice of representation, that is for example voice
- output from written submission.
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent
-Of course the above aspects will
-keep research busy for some time to come.
-This is the direction multi-media development will go.
-
-\section{Trends}
-Adobe has been the trendsetter of the last decade with respect to new
-EP technologies. Recently, I heard about their
-PDF---Portable Document Format---which is at the heart of their
-Acrobat. Very promising, if not for the tools which come along
-with this product.
-
-I believe that the multi-media information technology will take off in
-the next century.
-Much is known under the buzzword hypertext.
-See the special issue of the Communications of the ACM for
-an introductory survey.
-As a \TeX ie it is fun to ponder about what niche
-there will be for \TeX. At the various TUG meetings people are concerned
-about the future of \TeX\ and share their doubts and optimisms.
->From that the following anthology
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \LaTeX\ is the future, forget about \TeX
-\item make \AllTeX\ available on low-cost machines
-\item embed \TeX\ etc. in working environments
-\item improve \TeX, in short keep it alive
-\item provide WYSIWYG user interfaces
-\item increase the number of (organized) \AllTeX\ users
-\item get \AllTeX\ accepted by publishers (formats, support, fonts,
- and the like)
-\item get \AllTeX\ accepted by other communities: SGML,
- scientific societies
-\item provide user guides and templates
-\item education is paramount
-\item keep it simple and small is beautiful.
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent and so on.
-\paragraph*{Prophecy.}
-The demand on IT will be that
-\begin{quote}
-people can access cost-effectively, and easily,
-from their homes the information they need in a representation they wish.
-\end{quote}
-I envision that the following technologies will influence each other
-in realizing the stated prophecy
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \TeX's role? Embedded in a Hypertext approach?
-\item Increased self-publishing
-\item Electronic Production \& Consumption \\
- + Photography\\
- + CD\\
- + TV/Radio, video\\
- + PC \\
- + Phone, fax, email \\
- + Holography \\
- + \ldots
-\item Involvement of linguists and behaviourists
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent with the functionalities
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Various inputs (o.a. voice, photography, \ldots)
-\item Diverse outputs
-(language, level, media and representation,\ldots)
-\end{itemize}
-Some years ago I day-dreamed about holographic-based true 3-D `displays,'
-as a generalization of computer-assisted interactive TV.
-Science-fiction? Wait and see, or better hang on and make it happen!
-
-\section{Examples}
-With a publication we have two main issues: macroscopic and microscopic.
-With the first I mean the aspects which govern the total outer level of
-a publication, let us say to look upon it as a tree consisting of
-\begin{itemize}
-\item front matter (front pages (title etc.), publication characteristics,
- foreword, table of contents and the like)
-\item copy proper (the chapters and their substructures),
- and
-\item back matter (appendixes with references, index, and other special
- items).
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent These macroscopic aspects are accounted for in so-called formats or
-style files.
-
-The microscopic aspects deal with formatting in the small within paragraphs,
-the complex mark-up of math, tables and graphics.
-
-
-Another basic way to look at the matter is that it has all to do with
-\begin{quote}
-positioning of typographical elements on pages.
-\end{quote}
-\noindent The following examples,
-biased by my own (scientific) needs, are in the main about
-\begin{itemize}
-\item formats, generic and special
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent and deal in the small with
-\begin{itemize}
-\item special texts like programs
-\item (displayed) math (formulae, matrices, \ldots)
-\item tables
-\item graphics
-\item bibliographies, and
-\item indexes.
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent So nothing in here about the use of \TeX\ for
-non-Latin languages and the design and generation of the needed fonts,
-simply because I don't speak them.
-I also refrained from including examples about the hobby use---games---%
-without a serious reason.
-See NTG's PR set for the latter.
-See the works of Haralambous with respect to non-Latin languages, and
-the work of Horak for (math) \MF{} examples.
-
-\subsection{Examples: formats.}
-In this section some detailed formatting examples are provided.
-
-I will consider \LaTeX\ as formatter for a rudimentary
-house-style, followed by a generic approach customized to \mm{} and \LaTeX's
-report style.
-
-\paragraph*{House-style.}
-\LaTeX\ is heavily used for this {\em as-is}
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\documentstyle[options]{house}
-%preamble
-\begin{document}
-%front matter
-\title{...}
-...
-\begin{abstract}
-...
-\end{abstract}
-\tableofcontents
-\listoffigures
-\listoftables
-%copy proper
-%\section, \subsection structuring with
-%paragraphs with (displayed) math, tables
-%and graphics.
-%back matter
-\begin{thebibliography}{xxx}
-\bibitem{dek84} Knuth, D.E (1984):...
-...
-\end{thebibliography}
-%Index material (\makeindex tool)
-\end{document}
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-Options are, for example,
-the number of columns,\footnote{It is not true in general that switching from
- 1-column into 2-column format can be done without altering the mark-up
- of displayed math, tables or figures.
- At least one must change locally back into
- 1-column format, or one has to scale the document element into smaller
- size as was done in this paper.}
-the size of the used fonts,
-the paper size, and the like.
-
-As style files there are next to report,
-the styles book, article, letter, and so on.\footnote{\LaTeX's \SliTeX\
-is a bit different. One can't simply switch from report into slides.}
-
-
-\paragraph*{Generic mark-up.}
-Many users start nowadays via \LaTeX. Sooner or later the demand for
-a generic approach pops up.
-Then the user wishes to
-abstract from the concrete formatter and
-use some higher-level mark-up for the global structuring commands, customizable
-to a concrete formatter of choice.\footnote{This sounds like SGML, but without
- its generality and its overhead. I like to call this `SGML on your mind
- and \TeX\ in your hands.'}
-
-The idea is that the {\em user\/} mark-up at the outer level is
-as independent as possible from the concrete formatter.
-\begin{quote}
-A generic approach is needed because of
-the variety of environments we live in
-and because of their rapid change.
-\end{quote}
-For the generic approach to become realistic, and to handle it gracefully,
-I assume that
-\begin{itemize}
-\item the opening part is available for the various formats as
- templates
-\item the copy proper uses as structuring commands \verb|\head| and
- the like
-\item for the detailed formatting plain \TeX\ is used,
- so that this can be used in
- \AllTeX\ (math, tables, and graphics)
-\item for the end matter a generic approach for the bibliography---see
- my BLUe's Bibliography paper---is used
-\item for index preparation a non-specific tool is used.
-\end{itemize}
-With the above a generic approach for a house-style is
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-%Front matter
-\opening%To be replaced by template
-%Copy proper
-% Structured via \head{...} and the like
-% with detailed plain mark-up: math, tables,
-% line diagrams,...
-%Back matter
- \bibliography
- \index
-\closing
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\vskip1ex
-\noindent Customization to \mm.\\
-\mm{} is flexible, and alas too much overlooked,
-because it lacks a user guide.
-Customization of the generic approach to manmac
-goes along the following lines to give you an
-impression. (Not tested!)
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
- \input manmac
- \input manmac.cus%manmac customization
- \input man.tem %manmac template
- \input toc %table of contents
- \input cover %see my manmac blues
- %Copy proper
- %Back matter
- \closing
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\noindent with in \verb|manmac.cus|
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
- %Customization of manmac
- %Redefine \beginchapter also non-outer
- \def\beginchapter#1 #2#3.#4\par{%
- \def\hl{\gdef\hl{\issue\hfil\it\rhead}}
- \headline{\hl}
- \def\\{ }\xdef\rhead{#4}
- {\let\\\cr\halign{\line{\titlefont
- \hfil##\hfil}\\#1 #2#3 #4\unskip\\}}
- \bigskip\tenpoint\noindent\ignorespaces}
- \def\endchapter{\vfill\eject}
- %
- \newcnt\chpcnt \newcnt\seccnt
- \def\head#1{\endchapter\beginchapter
- \advance\chpcnt1 \seccnt0
- {} {}\the\chpcnt. #1\endgraf}
- \def\subhead#1{\beginsection\advance\seccnt1
- \the\seccnt. #1\endgraf}
- \def\bibliography{\beginchapter Bibliography
- {}{}.{}\endgraf}
- \def\closing{\bye}
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\noindent and with in \verb|manmac.tem|
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\def\opening{
- \def\issue{%
- MAPS Special 93.x %issue
- }\def\title{%
- MAPS Special Template %title
- }\def\abstract{%
- A template for MAPS Special is provided.
- }\def\keywords{%
- manmac, MAPS, NTG %keywords
- }
-}
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\noindent In my Manmac BLUes paper I have worked out a prototype, directed
-to customization of \mm.
-\begin{quote}
-Actually there it was the other way round:
-I started from Manmac formatting and abstracted
-into independent structures.
-\end{quote}
-In Manmac BLUes I also worked out \verb|cover|.
-Too much detail here.
-\vskip1ex
-\noindent Customization to \LaTeX.\\
-The `title part'-template is inserted instead of \verb|\opening|,
-edited to suit the publication at hand.
-In \verb|latex.cus| the macros are supplied to customize the generic
-mark-up to \LaTeX.
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-%Begin LaTeX report \opening template
-\documentstyle{report}
-\input{latex.cus}
-\begin{document}
-\begin{title}...\end{title}
-...
-%end LaTeX \opening template
-%Copy proper
-...
-%Back matter
-\bibliography
-\closing
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\noindent with in \verb|latex.cus|
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\def\head#1{\chapter{#1}}
-\def\subhead#1{\section{#}}
-\def\bibliography{\appendix
- \section*{Bibliography}
- \input{lit.dat}
- %\input{lit.tex}
- \frenchspacing
- \def\ls#1{\nul\\#1}%simple
- \input{lit.sel}
-}
-\def\closing{\end{document}}
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\noindent
-The above ideas came to mind when working on this paper.
-They deserve development, because it has all to do with the
-\begin{quote}
-user$\leftrightarrow$environment interaction,
-\end{quote}
-which has always been important.
-
-\paragraph*{Special texts}are computer programs.
-First we like that these
-reflect the structure and different quantities (constants, variables,
-reserved words, comments etc.) of the program. Second we like that the
-programs remain correct while formatting them (meaning: humans hands-off!).
-These kind of texts come at two levels
-\begin{itemize}
-\item the small examples (less than a dozen of lines or so)
- which are part of courseware, and
-\item the documentation (and listings) of real-life programs.
-\end{itemize}
-Current practice is that for the first it does not really matter what you use.
-For a survey see the compilation of Van Oostrum.
-For the second Knuth developed \WEB, which stimulates a programmer to
-design and {\em document\/} his program from the beginning, by rewarding him
-with pretty-\TeX\ printing of it all via \TANGLE. Actually the hierarchical
-way of working has been replaced by a relational approach, with the
-documentation related to the various items of a program.
-For a survey see Knuth's literal programming article of 1984.
-
-\subsection{Examples: math.}
-The \TeX book has devoted at least 4 chapters to math mark-up:
-typing math formula,
-more about math,
-fine points of math typing, and
-displayed equations.
-
-See also my Math into BLUes paper for % an anthology of pitfalls.
-a survey and how to cope with situations which go wrong---not so much that
-\TeX\ complains, but the results are different
-from what we expected---by innocent mark-up.
-
-\paragraph*{Displayed math}via (plain) \TeX.
-A display is marked up by \$\$ at the beginning and the end.
-Within a display the following is generally used
-\begin{itemize}
-\item just math mark-up
-\item \verb|\displaylines|, for multi-liners
-\item \verb|\(l)eqalign|, for aligned formulas\footnote{(l) denotes that
- the numbering appears at the left instead of the default right.}
-\item \verb|\(l)eqalignno|, similar to the above, but numbering per line.
-\end{itemize}
-For numbering there is the primitive \verb|\eqno|.
-\vskip1ex\noindent
->From a user point of view the following are representative structures
-\begingroup%local
-%From plain; in LaTeX context the defs below should be grouped
-\newskip\centering \centering=0pt plus 1000pt minus 1000pt
-\catcode`\@=11
-\newdimen\netdpw
-%The next is necessary because LaTeX redefined it!!!!!;
-%\equalign with numbering went wrong!
-%
-\def\eqalign#1{%Changed TB361: dynamic number of alignment positions
-%\, Had to be removed for two-column output, see TB189 (top)
-\vcenter{\openup1\jot\m@th
- \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&& %Change is extra &
- $\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\crcr
- #1\crcr}}\,}
-\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip=\centering
- \halign to \displaywidth{\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip=0pt
- &$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip=\centering
- &\llap{$##$}\tabskip=0pt\crcr
- #1\crcr}}
-\def\leqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip=\centering
- \halign to \displaywidth{\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$\tabskip=0pt
- &$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil\tabskip=\centering
- &\kern-\displaywidth\rlap{$##$}\tabskip=\displaywidth\crcr
- #1\crcr}}
-\def\midinsert{\bgroup\smallskip}
-\def\endinsert{\smallskip\egroup}
-\catcode`\@=12
-
-%Display math examples for Mededelingen van het Wiskundig Genootschap,
-%13/4/92, cgl@rug.nl
-\def\com#1{{\tt\char92#1}}
-%
-%Essential ways of formula numbering num.tex
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Labeled 1-line
-$$\sin2x=2\sin x\, \cos x
- \eqno(\hbox{TB186})$$
-\item Three lines, second flushed right
-(relevant for 2-column printing)
-$$\displaylines{F(z)=
-a_0+{a_1\over z}+{a_2\over z^2}+\cdots
- +{a_{n-1}\over z^{n-1}}+R_n(z),\cr
- \hfill n=1,2,\dots\,,\cr
-\hfill F(z)\sim\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nz^{-n},
- \quad z\to\infty\qquad\qquad\hfill
- \llap{(TB ex19.16)}\cr}$$
-\item Two lines aligned, with middle labeling
-$$\eqalign{\cos2x&=2\cos^2x-1\cr
- &=\cos^2x-\sin^2x\cr}
- \eqno(\hbox{TB193})$$
-\item Two lignes aligned, with labeling per line
-$$\eqalignno{
-\cosh2x&=2\cosh^2x-1&(\hbox{TB192})\cr
- &=\cosh^2x+\sinh^2x\cr}$$
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent obtained via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Labeled 1-line
-$$\sin2x=2\sin x\, \cos x
- \eqno(\hbox{TB186})$$
-\item Three lines, second flushed right
-(relevant for 2-column printing)
-$$\displaylines{F(z)=
-a_0+{a_1\over z}+{a_2\over z^2}+\cdots
- +{a_{n-1}\over z^{n-1}}+R_n(z),\cr
- \hfill n=1,2,\dots\,,\cr
-\hfill F(z)\sim\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nz^{-n},
- \quad z\to\infty\qquad\qquad\hfill
- \llap{(TB ex19.16)}\cr}$$
-\item Two lines aligned,
- with middle labeling
-$$\eqalign{\cos2x&=2\cos^2x-1\cr
- &=\cos^2x-\sin^2x\cr}
- \eqno(\hbox{TB193})$$
-\item Two lignes aligned,
- with labeling per line
-$$\eqalignno{
-\cosh2x&=2\cosh^2x-1&(\hbox{TB192})\cr
- &=\cosh^2x+\sinh^2x\cr}$$
-\end{itemize}
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-
-\paragraph*{Matrices}via (plain) \TeX.
-The examples show paradoxically that for practical use
-we not only need \cs{matrix}, but
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \verb|\atop|, to stack elements on top of each other
-\item \verb|\bordermatrix|, for bordered matrices, and this embedded within
- \verb|\displaylines|
-\item \verb|\halign|, to handle partitioning, and
-\item some macros tailored to our situations, like the icon set.
-\end{itemize}
-%Samples for TeXing matrices for Mededelingen Wiskundig Genootschap%cgl@rug.nl
-\noindent Examples
-\begin{itemize}
-\item {Hypergeometric function}
-$$M_n(z)={}_{n+1}F_n\biggl({k+a_0,
- \atop\phantom{kc_1}}
- {k+a_1,\dots,k+a_n
- \atop k+c_1,\dots,k+c_n};z\biggr)$$
-via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-$$M_n(z)={}_{n+1}F_n\biggl({k+a_0,
- \atop\phantom{kc_1}}
- {k+a_1,\dots,k+a_n
- \atop k+c_1,\dots,k+c_n};z\biggr)$$
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-
-\item {Some matrix icons}, Wilkinson (1965)
-%LaTeX use of linefonts for diag lines
-\setlength{\unitlength}{1ex}
-$$\icmat44\kern\unitlength\icllt44=
- \icllt44\icuh413\qquad AL=LH$$
-$$\icmat63=\icmat63
-\kern\unitlength\icurt63\qquad A=QR$$
-%rectangular matrix\hfill$\icmat64$\\
-%lower left triangular matrix\hfill $\icllt44$\\
-%upper right triangular matrix \hfill$\icurt44$\\
-%upper Hessenberg f form \hfill $\icuh413$
-via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-$$\icmat44\kern\unitlength\icllt44=
- \icllt44\icuh413\qquad AL=LH$$
-$$\icmat63=\icmat63
-\kern\unitlength\icurt63\qquad A=QR$$
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-
-\noindent See for the matrix icon macros my paper on the issue.
-%
-\item {Matrix reductions},
-Wilkinson(1965, p357) %---i.e.\ Math `hyphenation'
-$$\displaylines{\indent
-\bordermatrix{& &\rm A & \cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr}
-\bordermatrix{& &\rm N & \cr
- &1& & \cr
- &0&1 & \cr
- &0&\times&1\cr}\hfill\cr
-\hfill=
-\bordermatrix{& &\rm N & \cr
- &1& & \cr
- &0&1 & \cr
- &0&\times&1\cr}
-\bordermatrix{& &\rm H & \cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr
- &0 &\times&\times\cr}
-}$$
-via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-$$\displaylines{\indent
-\bordermatrix{& &\rm A & \cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr}
-\bordermatrix{& &\rm N & \cr
- &1& & \cr
- &0&1 & \cr
- &0&\times&1\cr}\hfill\cr
-\hfill=
-\bordermatrix{& &\rm N & \cr
- &1& & \cr
- &0&1 & \cr
- &0&\times&1\cr}
-\bordermatrix{& &\rm H & \cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr
- &\times&\times&\times\cr
- &0 &\times&\times\cr}
-}$$
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup%
-\item {Partitioning},
-Wilkinson(1965, p291)
-$$P_r=\left(\vcenter{
- \offinterlineskip\tabskip0pt
- \halign{
- \vrule height3ex depth1ex width 0pt
- \hfil$\enspace#\enspace$\hfil
- \vrule width.1pt\relax
- &\hfil$\enspace#\enspace$\hfil\cr
- I_{n-r}&0\cr
- \noalign{\hrule height.1pt\relax}
- 0 &I-2v_rv_r^T\cr}
- }\right) $$
-via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-$$P_r=\left(\vcenter{
- \offinterlineskip\tabskip0pt
- \halign{
- \vrule height3ex depth1ex width 0pt
- \hfil$\enspace#\enspace$\hfil
- \vrule width.1pt\relax
- &\hfil$\enspace#\enspace$\hfil\cr
- I_{n-r}&0\cr
- \noalign{\hrule height.1pt\relax}
- 0 &I-2v_rv_r^T\cr}
- }\right) $$
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\end{itemize}
-\endgroup
-
-\begingroup\noindent
-Next some examples without the mark-up, just the
-results, because they are real teasers.
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Braces and Matrices, Wilkinson(1965, p199)
-$$\vcenter{
- \hbox{${\scriptstyle\phantom{n{-}}p}
- \left\{\vrule height4.5ex width0pt
- depth 0pt\right.$}\vglue3ex\relax
- \hbox{${\scriptstyle n{-}p}
- \left\{\vrule height3.0ex width0pt
- depth 0pt\right.\kern2pt$}
- \vglue.5ex\relax
- }
-\bordermatrix{&\multispan4{\hfil
-$\overbrace{\vrule height0pt width10.5ex
- depth0pt}^p$}\hfil
- &\multispan3{\enspace\hfil
-$\overbrace{\vrule height0pt width7.5ex
- depth0pt}^{n-p}$}\hfil\cr
-&\times&\times&\times&\times&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-&0 &\times&\times&\times&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-&0 &0 &\times&\times&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-&0 &0 &0 &\times&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-&0 &0 &0 &0 &\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-&0 &0 &0 &0 &\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-&0 &0 &0 &0 &\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-}$$
-\item
-Matrices, braces, (dotted) partitioning
-and icons; space efficient variant
-%The simplest way is to make the 22-element
-%separate, and measure the sizes.
-%Subsequently one easily couples these
-%sizes to the sizes of the braces.
-%Hard things: automatic coupling,
-%vertical dotted lines.
-%
-\def\vdts{\vbox{\baselineskip4pt
- \lineskiplimit0pt
- \vglue2pt\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}}%
-$$
-\vcenter{\offinterlineskip%No interline
-% space in between parts
-\halign{\hfil$#$&\hfil$#$\hfil\cr%2-column
-%first row with braces, element 11 empty
-{}&\hfil\enspace\mathop{\hbox to.9cm%
- {\downbracefill}}\limits^{\vbox{\hbox{
- $\scriptstyle p$}\kern2pt}}
- \enspace\hfil\mathop{\hbox to.6cm%
- {\downbracefill}}\limits^{\vbox{\hbox to
- 0pt{\hss$\scriptstyle n-p$\hss}\kern2pt}}%
- \enspace\hfil\cr % end first row
-%Separation between first (border) row and
-%rest
-\noalign{\vglue1ex}
-%first column with braces
-\vcenter{\vfil
- \hbox{${\scriptstyle p}\left\{\vbox
- to.8cm{}\right.$}\vfil\vglue2ex\vfil
- \hbox{\llap{$\scriptstyle n{-}$}%
- ${\scriptstyle p}\left\{\vbox to.5cm{}
- \right.$}\vfil}
-&%22-element is the matrix proper
-\left(\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
-\halign{\hfil$#$\hfil&\hfil$#$\hfil&
-\hfil$#$\hfil&\hfil$#$\hfil
-\tabskip=.5\tabskip&\vdts#&
-\tabskip=2\tabskip
-\hfil$#$\hfil&\hfil$#$\hfil&
-\hfil$#$\hfil\cr%end template
-\times&\times&\times&\times&&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-0 &\times&\times&\times&&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-0 &0 &\times&\times&&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-0 &0 &0 &\times&&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-\noalign{\vglue1ex}
-\multispan8\dotfill\cr
-0 &0 &0 &0 &&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-0 &0 &0 &0 &&\times&
- \times&\times\cr
-0 &0 &0 &0 &&\times&
-\times&\times\cr}%end halign (22)
-}%end vcenter
-\right)\cr %end 22-element
-%Separation between last (border) row
-%and rest
-\noalign{\vglue1ex}
-{}&\hfil\enspace\mathop{\hbox to.9cm{%
- \upbracefill}}\limits_{\vbox{\kern2pt
- \icurt42}}
- \enspace\hfil
- \mathop{\hbox to.6cm{%
- \upbracefill}}\limits_{\vbox{\kern2pt
- \icmat4{1.5}}}\enspace\hfil%
-\cr % end last row
-}%end halign
-}%end vbox
-$$
-\item Other interesting two-dimensional
-structures are commutative diagrams. Consult for those Spivak's
-\LAMSTeX.\footnote{Within the graphics section I
- have supplied a simple example, however.}
-
-\noindent Interestingly enough, simple commutative diagrams are done by
-\verb|\matrix|, while I would expect some graphic commands.
-\end{itemize}
-\endgroup
-
-\subsection{Examples: tables.}
-For (full) rectangular tables \verb|\halign| or \verb|\valign| is generally
-used, when they fit on the page.
-Because of determining automatically the page breaks it might happen that
-the page builder would like to split a table. Generally this is bad
-typography, because we like to maintain the summary character of a table
-all on one page.\footnote{When the latter is not important, for example for
- tables of values which goes on for pages, we can modify
- the row separator into a separator which allows line breaks.
- For tables which don't fit on a page
- there are special macros, like {\tt supertabular.sty}.}
-A table smaller than the page should fit and in order to let that happen
-we generally allow tables to float, that is they may be shifted around
-a bit by the page builder.
-For a survey on the issue see my Table Diversions paper, which also contains
-a macro for handling bordered tables---the {\tt btable} macro (some 80 lines),
-and used in this work (see later).
-
- Another important class of tables are the so-called trees. One can argue
-whether they are tables or belong to graphics. Br\"uggeman-Klein has provided
-a package called Tree\TeX. The user-interface looks good,
-although I have not had any personal experience with it myself yet.
-
-\paragraph*{Simple tables}via (plain) \TeX.
-When I read Furuta a decade ago, I was impressed by the ease of mark-up
-for tables via the tbl preprocessor of troff.\footnote{Because of
- that I was in favour of troff and its preprocessors.
- Happily a math professor stressed the importance of \TeX, and because
- UNIX was not widely available at the University, I entered \TeX-land.}
-Below I'll show that a similar functionality---and some more, I also
- abstracted from the kinds of rules, and the positioning of the elements---%
-is provided with respect to tables
-by my btable macro for the class of bordered tables,
-where the (possibly complicated) headers are treated separately
-and independently from the (proper) table data, and the rowstub list.
-
-\begingroup
-%\input{btable.tex}
-%btable.tex version 1, 15/7/92 author: cgl@rug.nl
-%Table Diversions is Published in EuroTeX92 proceedings, and MAPS92.2
-%The article discusses typsetting tables via plain, surveys related work,
-%introduces btable.tex, and provides a discipline for typesetting cell-blocks.
-%Example of use (from the article)
-%\def\data{2\cs7\cs6\rs
-% 9\cs5\cs1\rs
-% 4\cs3\cs8}
-%\ruled\framed\btable\data
-%Below is the btable macro listed
-\newbox\tbl\let\ea=\expandafter
-%Cell vertical size, row height and depth (separation implicit),
-\newdimen\cvsize\newdimen\tsht\newdimen\tsdp\newdimen\tvsize\newdimen\thsize
-%Parameter setting macros: Rules
-\def\hruled{\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}\def\colsep{} \def\rowsep{\hrule}
- \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep}
-\def\vruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil} \def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{}
- \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\hrule}
-\def\ruled {\def\lineglue{\hrulefill}\def\colsep{\vrule}\def\rowsep{\hrule}
- \let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep}
-\def\nonruled{\def\lineglue{\hfil} \def\colsep{} \def\rowsep{}
- \def\rowstbsep{\vrule}\def\headersep{\hrule}}
-\def\dotruled{\def\lineglue{\dotfill}\def\rowsep{\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}}
-\def\colsep{\lower1.5\tsdp\vbox to\cvsize{%
-\leaders\hbox to0pt{\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt\hss.\hss}\vfil}}
-\let\rowstbsep=\colsep\let\headersep=\rowsep}
-%Parameter setting macros: Controling positioning
-\def\ctr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{\hfil}}%Centered
-\def\fll{\def\lft{} \def\rgt{\hfil}}%Flushed left
-\def\flr{\def\lft{\hfil}\def\rgt{}} %Flushed right
-%Parameter setting macros: Framing
-\def\framed{\let\frameit=\boxit}
-\def\nonframed{\def\frameit##1{##1}}
-\def\dotframed{\let\frameit=\dotboxit}
-%
-\def\btable#1{\vbox{\let\rsl=\rowstblst%Copy
-\ifx\empty\template\ifx\empty\rowstblst
- \def\template{\colsepsurround\lft####\rgt&&\lft####\rgt\cr}
- \else\def\template{\colsepsurround####\hfil&&\lft####\rgt\cr}\fi
- \fi
-\tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize
-\def\tstrut{\vrule height\tsht depth\tsdp width0pt}
-%Logical mark up of column and row separators, via use of
-\def\cs{&\colsepsurround\colsep\colsepsurround&}
-\def\prs{&\colsepsurround\lineglue&}
-\def\srp{&\lineglue\colsepsurround&}
-\def\rs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr
- \ifx\empty\rowsep\else\noalign{\rowsep}\fi
- \ifx\empty\rowstblst\else\ea\nxtrs\fi}
-\def\rss{&\colsepsurround\rowstbsep\colsepsurround&}
-\def\hs{\colsepsurround\tstrut\cr
- \ifx\empty\headersep\else\noalign{\headersep}\fi
- \ifx\empty\rowstblst\else\ea\nxtrs\fi}
-\preinsert
-\setbox\tbl=\vbox{\tabskip=0pt\relax\offinterlineskip
-\halign{\span\template\ifx\empty\first\ifx\empty\rowstblst\else
-\ifx\empty\header\else\ea\rss\fi\fi\else\first\ea\rss\fi
-\ifx\empty\header\ifx\empty\first\if\empty\rsl\else\ea\nxtrs\fi
- \else\ea\hs\fi
-\else\header\ea\hs\fi
-#1\colsepsurround\tstrut\crcr} }%end setbox
-\postinsert
-\ifx\caption\empty\else\hbox to\thsize{\strut\hfil\caption\hss}\captionsep\fi
-\frameit{\copy\tbl}
-\ifx\footer\empty\else\footersep\hbox{\vtop{\noindent\hsize=\thsize%
-\footer}}\fi }}
-%Defaults
-\cvsize=4ex\tsht=.775\cvsize\tsdp=.225\cvsize\def\colsepsurround{\kern.5em}
-\ctr\nonruled
-\def\caption{}\def\first{}\def\header{}\def\rowstblst{}\def\footer{}\def\data{}
-\def\captionsep{\medskip} \def\headersep{\hrule}
-\def\footersep{\smallskip} \def\rowstbsep{\vrule}
-\def\preinsert{}
-\def\postinsert{\global\thsize=\wd\tbl
- \global\tvsize=\ht\tbl\global\advance\tvsize by\dp\tbl}
-\ctr\nonruled\nonframed\def\template{} %end Defaults
-%Auxiliaries
-\def\boxit#1{\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\vbox{#1}\vrule}\hrule}}
-\def\dotboxit#1{\vbox{\offinterlineskip\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}%
-\hbox{\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{%
-\leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss}\vfil}%
-\vbox{#1}\lower\tsdp\vbox to\tvsize{%
-\leaders\hbox to0pt{\hss\vrule height2pt depth2pt width0pt.\hss}\vfil}}%
-\hbox to\thsize{\dotfill}}}
-%And to account for logical columns with \multispan
-\def\spicspan{\span\omit}
-\def\multispan#1{\omit\mscount=#1\multiply\mscount by2 \advance\mscount by-1
-\loop\ifnum\mscount>1 \spicspan\advance\mscount by-1 \repeat}
-%To process FIFO
-\def\bfifo#1{\ifx\efifo#1\let\nxt=\relax\else\def\nxt{\process#1\bfifo}%
- \fi\nxt}%end \bfifo
-\def\process#1{\hbox to0pt{\hss#1\hss}\kern.5ex}
-%To handle row stub list
-\def\nxtrs{\ifx\empty\rsl%\let\nxtel=\relax
-\else\def\nxtel{\ea\nrs\rsl\srn}\ea\nxtel\fi}%next Row Stub
-\def\nrs#1#2\srn{\gdef\rsl{#2}#1\rss} %end btable.tex
-%
-\def\data{11\cs12\rs21\cs22}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item just framed data
- $$\vcenter{\framed\btable\data}$$
-\item add header and rowstubs
- \def\header{\multispan2\hfill
- Header\hfill}
- \def\rowstblst{{$1^{st}$ row}%
- {{$2^{nd}$ row}}}
- $$\vcenter{\btable\data}$$
-\item add caption and footer,
- vary via dotted lines
- \def\caption{Caption}\def\footer{Footer}
- $$\vcenter{\dotruled\btable\data}$$
-\item vary with ruled and framed
- $$\vcenter{\ruled\framed\btable\data}$$
-\end{itemize}
-via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\def\data{11\cs12\rs21\cs22}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item just framed data
- $$\vcenter{\framed\btable\data}$$
-\item add header and rowstubs
- \def\header{\multispan2\hfill
- Header\hfill}
- \def\rowstblst{{$1^{st}$ row}%
- {{$2^{nd}$ row}}}
- $$\vcenter{\btable\data}$$
-\item add caption and footer,
- vary via dotted lines
- \def\caption{Caption}\def\footer{Footer}
- $$\vcenter{\dotruled\btable\data}$$
-\item vary with ruled and framed
- $$\vcenter{\ruled\framed\btable\data}$$
-\end{itemize}
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-
-\paragraph*{Real-life.} AT\&T's example
-from the tbl (troff) documentation, also supplied in \TeX book p.247
-\begingroup
-%\cite{lesk79}
-\def\caption{AT\&T Common Stock}
-\def\header{Year\cs Price\cs Dividend}
-\catcode`?=\active \def?{\kern1.1ex}
-\def\data{1971\cs41--54\cs\llap{\$}2.60\rs
- 2\cs41--54\cs 2.70\rs
- 3\cs46--55\cs 2.87\rs
- 4\cs40--53\cs 3.24\rs
- 5\cs45--52\cs 3.40\rs
- 6\cs51--59\cs ?.95\rlap*}
-\def\footer{* (first quarter only)}
-$$\vcenter{\vbox{\small
- \framed\ruled\btable\data}}$$
-The above is obtained via \verb|\btable| as follows
-\endgroup
-%
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\def\caption{AT\&T Common Stock}
-\def\header{Year\cs Price\cs Dividend}
-\catcode`?=\active \def?{\kern1.1ex}
-\def\data{1971\cs41--54\cs\llap{\$}2.60\rs
- 2\cs41--54\cs 2.70\rs
- 3\cs46--55\cs 2.87\rs
- 4\cs40--53\cs 3.24\rs
- 5\cs45--52\cs 3.40\rs
- 6\cs51--59\cs ?.95\rlap*}
-\def\footer{* (first quarter only)}
-$$\vcenter{\vbox{\small
- \framed\ruled\btable\data}}$$
-\end{verbatim}
-\endgroup
-\endgroup
-\subsection{Examples: graphics.}
-The portable way is via \mmt, \LaTeX's picture environment,
-or PiC\TeX.
-For a survey see Clark's Portable Graphics in \TeX\ paper.
-\TeX tures on the Macintosh by Blue Sky Research is famous for its
-(non-portable) pic{\em tures\/} with \TeX. For inclusion of
-photographs and in general halftones, see the work of Sowa.\footnote{On the
- Mac one can easily incorporate photos after they
- having been put onto CD in digitized form. Kodak provides the latter
- service.}
-For drawing on the screen and get (La)\TeX\ code out see GNUplot
-or \TeX CAD, for example.
-
-Many disciplines make use of
-special graphic diagrams. In this paper for example I won't
-provide examples of
-trees,
-(math) graphs in general,
-(advanced) commutative diagrams,
-nor Feynmann diagrams,
-to name but a few classes known to me.
-\begin{itemize}
-\item simple line diagrams via \mmt
-\begingroup
-\def\strut{\vrule height2.5ex depth1ex width0pt}
-\def\fbox#1{\setbox0\hbox{\strut
- $\;$#1$\,$}\leavevmode\rlap{\copy0}%
- \makelightbox}
-\def\element#1{\hbox to15ex{\hss#1\hss}}
-\def\vconnector{\element{\strut\vrule}}
-$$\hbox{\vbox{%
-\element{\fbox{amsppt.sty}}
-\vconnector
-\element{\fbox{amstex.tex}}
-\vconnector
-\element{\fbox{\TeX}}}
-\qquad\qquad\qquad
-\vbox{%
-\element{\fbox{amsart.sty}}
-\vconnector
-\element{\llap{\fbox{amstex.sty}---}%
- \fbox{\LaTeX}}
-\vconnector
-\element{\fbox{\TeX}}}
-}$$
-\endgroup
-\noindent via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-$$\hbox{\vbox{%
-\element{\fbox{amsppt.sty}}
-\vconnector
-\element{\fbox{amstex.tex}}
-\vconnector
-\element{\fbox{\TeX}}
-}\qquad\qquad\qquad\vbox{%
-\element{\fbox{amsart.sty}}
-\vconnector
-\element{\llap{\fbox{amstex.sty}---}
- \fbox{\LaTeX}}
-\vconnector
-\element{\fbox{\TeX}}
-}}$$
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-
-\noindent with the auxiliaries
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\def\strut{\vrule height2.5ex depth1ex
- width0pt}
-\def\fbox#1{\setbox0\hbox{\strut
- $\;$#1$\,$}\leavevmode\rlap{\copy0}%
- \makelightbox}
-\def\element#1{\hbox to15ex{\hss#1\hss}}
-\def\vconnector{\element{\strut\vrule}} .
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\item flow chart borrowed from Furuta, via \LaTeX
-
-\noindent
-%\input{pic.pic}
-\begingroup\small
-\setlength{\unitlength}{4ex}
-\begin{picture}(14,4)(0,-1)
-\put(1, 1){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(1, 1){\makebox(0, 0){Start}}
-\put(2, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(3.5,.25){\framebox(2,1.5){\shortstack
- {\tiny Edit\\\tiny Document}}}
-\put(5.5, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(7,.25){\framebox(2,1.5){\shortstack
- {\tiny Format\\\tiny Document}}}
-\put(9, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(11.5, 1){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(11.5, 1){\makebox(0, 0){End}}
-\bezier{75}(4.5,.25)(6.25,-1)(8,.25)
-\put(4.5,.25){\vector(-2, 1){0}}
-\bezier{150}(4.5,1.75)(8,4)(11.5,1.5)
-\put(11.5,1.5){\vector(2,-1){0}}
-\end{picture}
-\endgroup
-
-\par\noindent
-via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\setlength{\unitlength}{4ex}
-\begin{picture}(14,4)(0,-1)
-\put(1, 1){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(1, 1){\makebox(0, 0){Start}}
-\put(2, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(3.5,.25){\framebox(2,1.5){\shortstack
- {\tiny Edit\\\tiny Document}}}
-\put(5.5, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(7,.25){\framebox(2,1.5){\shortstack
- {\tiny Format\\\tiny Document}}}
-\put(9, 1){\vector(1, 0){1.5}}
-\put(11.5, 1){\oval(2, 1)}
-\put(11.5, 1){\makebox(0, 0){End}}
-\bezier{75}(4.5,.25)(6.25,-1)(8,.25)
-\put(4.5,.25){\vector(-2, 1){0}}
-\bezier{150}(4.5,1.75)(8,4)(11.5,1.5)
-\put(11.5,1.5){\vector(2,-1){0}}
-\end{picture}
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\par\noindent
-Although the specification is
-not as easy as via the pic preprocessor,
-it is not difficult when we
-start from a template, like the one above.
-Cumbersome is the treatment of the arrow heads, but these can be hidden.
-\item a pie-chart via \LaTeX
-
-%\input{lus.pic}
-\setlength{\unitlength}{6ex}
-\begin{picture}(6, 5)(-3, -2)
-%1st quadrant
-%\bezier{100}(2, 0)(2, .54)(1.79, .89)
- % 0 - `30' 2:1-lijn
-\bezier{60}(1.79, .89)(1.46, 1.46)(1, 1.73)
- % `30' - 60
-\bezier{60}(1, 1.73)(.54, 2)(0, 2)
- % 60 - 90
-%2nd quadrant
-\bezier{60}(0, 2)(-.54, 2)(-1, 1.73)
- % 90 - 120
-\bezier{60}(-1,1.73)(-1.46,1.46)(-1.73,1)
- %120 - 150
-\bezier{60}(-1.73, 1)(-2, .54)(-2, 0)
- %150 - 180
-%3rd quadrant
-\bezier{60}(-2, 0)(-2, -.54)(-1.73, -1)
- %180 - 210
-\bezier{60}(-1.73,-1)(-1.46,-1.46)(-1,-1.73)
- %210 -240
-\bezier{60}(-1, -1.73)(-.54, -2)(0, -2)
- %240 - 270
-%4th quadrant
-\bezier{60}(0, -2)(.54, -2)(1, -1.73)
- %270 - 300
-\bezier{60}(1,-1.73)(1.46,-1.46)(1.73,-1)
- %300 - 330
-\bezier{60}(1.73, -1)(2, -.54)(2, 0)
- %330 - 360
-%division lines
-\put(0, 0){\line(1, 0){2}}
-\put(0, 0){\line(2, 1){1.79}}
- %1.79 = 2 cos arctg .5
-%\put(0, 0){\line(-2, 1){1.79}}
-\bezier{75}(0, 0)(-.81, .59)(-1.61, 1.18)
- %-.81 = cos 144; .59 = sin 144
-%\put(0, 0){\line(-1, -2){.89}}
- % .89 = 2 sin arctg .5
-\bezier{75}(0, 0)(-.59, -.81)(-1.18, -1.62)
- %-.59 = cos -126; -.81 = sin -126
-%piece
-\bezier{60}(2.5, 0.1)(2.5, .64)(2.29, .99)
- % shift .5, .1
-\put(0.5, 0.1){\line(1, 0){2}}
-\put(0.5, 0.1){\line(2, 1){1.79}}
-%Candles:
-\bezier{20}(0,1.31)(-.15,1.45)(0,1.61)
-\bezier{20}(0,1.31)(.175,1.45)(0,1.61)
-\put(-.1,.1){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(.1,.05){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(.1,1){\line(-2,3){.2}}
-%left
-\bezier{20}(-.25,1.46)(-.40,1.6)(-.25,1.76)
-\bezier{20}(-.25,1.46)(-.075,1.6)(-.25,1.76)
-\put(-.35,.25){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(-.15,.2){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(-.15,1.15){\line(-2,3){.2}}
-%right
-\bezier{20}(.25,1.46)(.40,1.6)(.25,1.76)
-\bezier{20}(.25,1.46)(.075,1.6)(.25,1.76)
-\put(.35,.25){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(.15,.2){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(.15,1.15){\line(2,3){.2}}
-%leftleft
-\bezier{20}(-.5,1.61)(-.65,1.75)(-.5,1.91)
-\bezier{20}(-.5,1.61)(-.325,1.75)(-.5,1.91)
-\put(-.6,.4){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(-.4,.35){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(-.4,1.3){\line(-2,3){.2}}
-%rightright
-\bezier{20}(.5,1.61)(.65,1.75)(.5,1.91)
-\bezier{20}(.5,1.61)(.325,1.75)(.5,1.91)
-\put(.6,.4){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(.4,.35){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(.4,1.3){\line(2,3){.2}}
-%texts
-\put(-1, -.1){\makebox(0, 0){\strut Happy}}
-\put(.5, -1){\makebox(0, 0){\strut Birthday}}
-\put(1.9, .35){\makebox(0, 0){\strut NTG}}
-\end{picture}
-
-\par\noindent via
-\begingroup\small
-%\begingroup\small
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setlength{\unitlength}{6ex}
-\begin{picture}(6, 5)(-3, -2)
-%1st quadrant
-%\bezier{100}(2, 0)(2, .54)(1.79, .89)
- % 0 - `30' 2:1-line
-\bezier{60}(1.79, .89)(1.46, 1.46)(1, 1.73)
- % `30' - 60
-\bezier{60}(1, 1.73)(.54, 2)(0, 2)
- % 60 - 90
-%2nd quadrant
-\bezier{60}(0, 2)(-.54, 2)(-1, 1.73)
- % 90 - 120
-\bezier{60}(-1,1.73)(-1.46,1.46)(-1.73,1)
- %120 - 150
-\bezier{60}(-1.73, 1)(-2, .54)(-2, 0)
- %150 - 180
-%3rd quadrant
-\bezier{60}(-2, 0)(-2, -.54)(-1.73, -1)
- %180 - 210
-\bezier{60}(-1.73,-1)(-1.46,-1.46)(-1,-1.73)
- %210 -240
-\bezier{60}(-1, -1.73)(-.54, -2)(0, -2)
- %240 - 270
-%4th quadrant
-\bezier{60}(0, -2)(.54, -2)(1, -1.73)
- %270 - 300
-\bezier{60}(1,-1.73)(1.46,-1.46)(1.73,-1)
- %300 - 330
-\bezier{60}(1.73, -1)(2, -.54)(2, 0)
- %330 - 360
-%division lines
-\put(0, 0){\line(1, 0){2}}
-\put(0, 0){\line(2, 1){1.79}}
- %1.79 = 2 cos arctg .5
-%\put(0, 0){\line(-2, 1){1.79}}
-\bezier{75}(0, 0)(-.81, .59)(-1.61, 1.18)
- %-.81 = cos 144; .59 = sin 144
-%\put(0, 0){\line(-1, -2){.89}}
- % .89 = 2 sin arctg .5
-\bezier{75}(0, 0)(-.59, -.81)(-1.18, -1.62)
- %-.59 = cos -126; -.81 = sin -126
-%piece
-\bezier{60}(2.5, 0.1)(2.5, .64)(2.29, .99)
- % shift .5, .1
-\put(0.5, 0.1){\line(1, 0){2}}
-\put(0.5, 0.1){\line(2, 1){1.79}}
-%Candles:
-\bezier{20}(0,1.31)(-.15,1.45)(0,1.61)
-\bezier{20}(0,1.31)(.175,1.45)(0,1.61)
-\put(-.1,.1){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(.1,.05){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(.1,1){\line(-2,3){.2}}
-%left
-\bezier{20}(-.25,1.46)(-.40,1.6)(-.25,1.76)
-\bezier{20}(-.25,1.46)(-.075,1.6)(-.25,1.76)
-\put(-.35,.25){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(-.15,.2){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(-.15,1.15){\line(-2,3){.2}}
-%right
-\bezier{20}(.25,1.46)(.40,1.6)(.25,1.76)
-\bezier{20}(.25,1.46)(.075,1.6)(.25,1.76)
-\put(.35,.25){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(.15,.2){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(.15,1.15){\line(2,3){.2}}
-%leftleft
-\bezier{20}(-.5,1.61)(-.65,1.75)(-.5,1.91)
-\bezier{20}(-.5,1.61)(-.325,1.75)(-.5,1.91)
-\put(-.6,.4){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(-.4,.35){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(-.4,1.3){\line(-2,3){.2}}
-%rightright
-\bezier{20}(.5,1.61)(.65,1.75)(.5,1.91)
-\bezier{20}(.5,1.61)(.325,1.75)(.5,1.91)
-\put(.6,.4){\line(0,1){1.2}}
-\put(.4,.35){\line(0,1){.95}}
-\put(.4,1.3){\line(2,3){.2}}
-%texts
-\put(-1, -.1){\makebox(0, 0){\strut Happy}}
-\put(.5, -1){\makebox(0, 0){\strut Birthday}}
-\put(1.9, .35){\makebox(0, 0){\strut NTG}}
-\end{picture}
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\noindent
-The above use of the bezier splines makes the
-creation of scaling invariant circles
-easier than the approach by Ramek in the proceedings of
-\TeX eter '88.
-
-\item commutative diagrams (\LAMSTeX, \ldots). As a simple example
-the calculation flow of the autocorrelation
-function,
-$a_f$, inspired by the \TeX Book ex18.46, p.358.
-${\cal F}$ denotes the Fourier transform and
-${\cal F}\strut^{-}$ the inverse Fourier transform
-\vskip1ex
-%
-\def\lllongrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel%
- \relbar\joinrel\relbar\joinrel%
- \relbar\joinrel\rightarrow}
-\def\llongrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel%
- \relbar\joinrel\rightarrow}
-\def\normalbaselines{%
- \baselineskip20pt
- \lineskip3pt
- \lineskiplimit3pt}
-\def\mapright#1{\smash{\mathop{
- \llongrightarrow}\limits^{#1}}}
-\def\lmapright#1{\smash{\mathop{
- \lllongrightarrow}\limits^{#1}}}
-\def\mapdown#1{\Big\downarrow
- \rlap{$\vcenter{\hbox{$#1$}}$}}
-\def\mapup#1{\Big\uparrow
- \rlap{$\vcenter{\hbox{$#1$}}$}}
-$$%Diagram
-\matrix{f&\lmapright\otimes&a_f\cr
- \mapdown{{\cal F}}&&\mapup{%
- {\cal F}\strut^{-}}\cr
- \hbox to 0pt{\hss${\cal F}(f)$\hss}
- &\mapright\times\hfil&
- \hbox to 0pt{\hss$\bigl({\cal F}(f)
- \bigr)^2$\hss}\cr}
-\qquad$$%a little to the left
-via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-$$\matrix{f&\lmapright\otimes&a_f\cr
- \mapdown{{\cal F}}&&\mapup{%
- {\cal F}\strut^{-}}\cr
- \hbox to 0pt{\hss${\cal F}(f)$\hss}
- &\mapright\times\hfil&
- \hbox to 0pt{\hss$\bigl({\cal F}(f)
- \bigr)^2$\hss}\cr}$$
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-\noindent with auxiliaries
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\def\lllongrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel%
- \relbar\joinrel\relbar\joinrel%
- \relbar\joinrel\rightarrow}
-\def\llongrightarrow{\relbar\joinrel%
- \relbar\joinrel\rightarrow}
-\def\normalbaselines{%
- \baselineskip20pt
- \lineskip3pt
- \lineskiplimit3pt}
-\def\mapright#1{\smash{\mathop{
- \llongrightarrow}\limits^{#1}}}
-\def\lmapright#1{\smash{\mathop{
- \lllongrightarrow}\limits^{#1}}}
-\def\mapdown#1{\Big\downarrow
- \rlap{$\vcenter{\hbox{$#1$}}$}}
-\def\mapup#1{\Big\uparrow
- \rlap{$\vcenter{\hbox{$#1$}}$}}
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-
-\item \MF{} coupled to \TeX. Leading in this area is the work of Hoenig, for
-example see his `When \TeX\ and \MF{} work together.'
-He has worked out the printing along curved lines,
-and the typesetting of paragraphs which flow around
-arbitrary shapes!
-Very powerul, but not simple to use for the moment.
-It looks like going back to the roots,
-because Knuth's first version of the `\TeX book' contained it all:
-`\TeX\ and \MF{}, New directions in typesetting.'
-
-\item (encapsulated) \PS. Knuth left some niches for handling these
- kinds of things via the \cs{special} command. A very nice survey of
- the possibilities which can be obtained when incorporating \PS{} is
- given in Goossens' `\PS{} en \LaTeX,' which is also a chapter in
- the \LaTeX-companion. A survey of the various user approaches has been
- compiled by Anita Hoover.
-\item Screen drawings. An example is GNUplot. Cameron in \TeX line
- characterized these kind of systems as
-\begin{quote}
- `\ldots There are a couple of programs available which take all the
- calculation out: you draw your picture using the mouse, and it is
- automagically compiled into \LaTeX\ source. But for complicated
- figures, mathematical insight or computational power may be required.'
-\end{quote}
- An example of figures that require math insight are Hoenig's `Fractal
- images with \TeX.'
- We can add to that the reuse aspect, which is hindered by the drawing
- approach, and the unreadable nature of machine-generated code.
- But certainly these tools have their niche in the spectrum of tools for EP.
-\end{itemize}
-
-\section{Front matter}
-Much attention is paid to front matter:
-cover,
-publication characteristics (source, ISBN or other classification),
-title etc.,
-abstract,
-keywords,
-table of contents and the like if not considered as an appendix,
-foreword.
-Basically the style or format can handle these easily.
-Because of the eye-catching need of a cover a designer
-is generally involved and the cover, especially
-the graphics, typeset by different means.
-The page with publication characteristics can be left to
-the copy editor.
-For the others just obey the mark-up characteristics, as demanded
-by the style file.
-\section{Back matter}
-As back matter we have the various appendices. Two kinds are
-noteworthy: the list of references and the index. Both are
-complicated because of the {\em cross-referencing on the fly.}
-\paragraph*{Bibliography creation.}%
-With a publication we have the problem of
-handling a list of references,
-to extract them from our literature database,
-and to format them appropriately.
-We also like to cross-reference them to the list of references,
-such that it is adaptable to different journal traditions,
-with respect to formatting of citations.
-There are tools available to do that, for example
-\LaTeX's \BibTeX\ with its {\tt thebibliography} environment, and
-\AmSTeX's \cs{ref} and \cs{endref} structures.
-I designed my own `little language
-within \TeX' to handle that all in a one-pass job within \AllTeX.
-To get the flavour, the bibliography at the end of this paper
-has been prepared via
-\begingroup\small\begin{verbatim}
-\section*{References}
-\input{lit.dat}%database file
- \def\tubissue#1(#2){{\sl TUGboat\/}
- {\bf#1} (#2)}
- \def\ls#1{\ea\bibentry#1\endgraf}
-\input{lit.sel}%file with names
-\end{verbatim}\endgroup
-See my BLUe's Bibliography paper
-for more details, and my solution of the cross-referencing in a one-pass job.
-
-\paragraph*{Index preparation.}
-This is complicated because of the dynamic allocation of page numbers
-and inclusion of these in the index. It is also an art to provide the
-right entries. Generally (external) sorting needs to be done too,
-next to the formatting. A complicated job.
-\begin{quote}\TeX nically
- there is the tool Makeindex, to cooperate with (La)\TeX.
-\end{quote}
-Knuth provided a mark-up mechanism for extracting
-the index entries and let the OTR add the page numbers.
-These items are writen on a file
-for further processing, like sorting, and adding comments and the like.
-I consider that very powerful, but it is not completely automatic.
-The user, or publisher, has to account for the finishing touch, for the
-moment. For a survey of the intricacies which come along
-when writing automatic index generators, see
-the report of Chen and Harrison about developing Makeindex.
-
-I have exercised index preparation \`a la Knuth in my Sorting in BLUe paper.
-Although the approach of doing it all within \TeX\ looks promising,
-it still needs some polishing for BLU to become useful.
-
-\section{Guidelines for Choosing}
-Given the above-mentioned variety of tools %and your personal circumstances
-the following questions can be useful
-\begin{quote}
-What facilities does your publisher provide?\\
-What is the document like? \\
-What tools are already in use? \\
-Whom is it aimed at? \\
-How many authors are involved? \\
-%(many authors many publications?), \\
-Is (partial, e.g.\ bibliographical) reuse also envisaged?\\
-Is future use, different from formatting, in sight?
-\end{quote}
-\noindent
-First, contact your publisher and agree upon the tools to be used.\\
-Next best, when you are on your own, consider
-\begin{description}
-\item[]No structure \hfill it does not matter \\%what will be used
- (For right-to-left etc.\hfill \TeXXeT)
-\item[]Scientific papers \hfill \AllTeX%can best be used
-\item[]Reuse \hfill \AllTeX, SGML? %can best be used
-\item[]Various authors\hfill \AllTeX, SGML? % as a uniform language
-%\TeX\ which is {\em de facto\/} in use for that purpose
-\item[]Future (nonformatting) use\hfill \AllTeX, SGML?
-\end{description}
-A user sufficiently fluent in di-roff would like me to
-substitute x-roff for \TeX\ in the table above. Be my guest, I don't
-have experience with x-roff.
-
-\section*{Acknowledgements}
-This paper has been processed via \LaTeX\ because I needed the
-functionality of the picture environment. The standard formatting of
-the peculiar \TeX-related names have been borrowed from \verb|tugboat.cmn|.
-I used the \verb|ltugproc.sty|---style for
-TUG proceedings---because of the nice way the front matter
-is typeset.
-
-I like to thank Christina Thiele for polishing my English
-and pointing to the right use of fonts for established names.\footnote{Although
- this has its difficulties simply using \cs{MF} for example goes wrong
- when we vary size.}
-Gerard van Nes blew his horn once again. Thank you!
-
-\section*{Conclusions}
-For high-quality computer-assisted typography \TeX{} etc.{} is
-a flexible and excellent craftsman-like tool,
-with the following characteristics
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \TeX\ is in the PD, available for all platforms
-\item flavours of \TeX\ have been added
-to facilitate its use, next to macro toolboxes
-\item formats and style files have been added to facilitate the publication
-process
-\item \TeX\ can be used with many fonts, and takes its own font generation tool
-\item drivers, WSYIWYG interfaces are commercially available
-\item working environments are provided by user groups
-\item lingua franca for scientific email communication
-\item publishing houses accept compuscripts marked up by (La)\TeX
-\item users maintain digests, discussion lists and file servers
-\item some 10k organized users, with many books published via \AllTeX.
-\end{itemize}
-\noindent
-Once mastered \TeX\ is a nice basic tool.
-However, the way to error-less mark-up is hard and haunting, unless,
-supported (by a publisher) with
-generic styles,
-user's guides, and
-templates.
-Using \LaTeX\ {\em as-is\/} and
-supported by publishers is much simpler
-than learning \TeX\ per se.
-
-The \TeX\ arcana is complex.
-(Professional) Education is paramount!
-The twins \TeX-\MF{} will serve for a lifetime.
-And above all let us keep it simple!
-\section*{References}
-\begin{thebibliography}{xxxxx}
-\input{lit.dat}
-%\input{lit.lat}
- \def\tubissue#1(#2){{\sl TUGboat\/} {\bf#1} (#2)}
- \def\ls#1{\ea\bibitem{}#1\endgraf}
-\input{lit.sel}
-\end{thebibliography}
-
-\end{document}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-