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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
commite0c6872cf40896c7be36b11dcc744620f10adf1d (patch)
tree60335e10d2f4354b0674ec22d7b53f0f8abee672 /info/undergradmath
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-rw-r--r--info/undergradmath/README21
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diff --git a/info/undergradmath/LICENSE b/info/undergradmath/LICENSE
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+LICENSE file for LaTeX Math for Undergraduates
+
+Jim Hefferon
+2017-Jan-09
+
+This material is Free. The license is Creative Commons
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, CC BY-SA. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/info/undergradmath/README b/info/undergradmath/README
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+README file for LaTeX Math for Undergraduates
+
+Jim Hefferon
+2017-Jan-10
+
+This is a cheat sheet for writing mathematics with LaTeX focused on the
+needs of US undergraduates.
+
+When I asked my students for feedback on LaTeX the consensus was that
+it was pretty straightforward but that they needed a list of symbols.
+This is my response.
+
+
+FEEDBACK
+
+I would appreciate any corrections. Note though that a document like
+this requires that things are boiled down so I have deliberately kept
+out packages other than the AMS ones, and in some places I have made
+choices such as using an italic d in the integral. The beauty of
+providing the source is that if your choices differ then you can just
+make your own tweaks.
diff --git a/info/undergradmath/convert_to_png.sh b/info/undergradmath/convert_to_png.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7600e2f4b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/info/undergradmath/convert_to_png.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Convert_to_png.sh
+#
+# Convert the PDF file's pages to a PNG file each, suitable for a web page.
+# Jim Hefferon 2017-Jan-10
+convert \
+ -verbose \
+ -density 200 \
+ -trim \
+ undergradmath.pdf[0] \
+ -quality 100 \
+ -flatten \
+ -sharpen 0x1.0 \
+ undergradmath_0.png
+convert \
+ -verbose \
+ -density 200 \
+ -trim \
+ undergradmath.pdf[1] \
+ -quality 100 \
+ -flatten \
+ -sharpen 0x1.0 \
+ undergradmath_1.png
diff --git a/info/undergradmath/undergradmath.pdf b/info/undergradmath/undergradmath.pdf
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index 0000000000..a5c66a05c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/info/undergradmath/undergradmath.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/info/undergradmath/undergradmath.tex b/info/undergradmath/undergradmath.tex
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+++ b/info/undergradmath/undergradmath.tex
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+\RequirePackage{mmap} % make PDF copy and paste-able
+\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
+\usepackage{amsmath, amsthm, amssymb}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+% \usepackage{lmodern} % from http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/115089/121234
+\usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
+
+\setlength{\parskip}{0ex}
+\usepackage{ragged2e}
+ \setlength{\RaggedRightParindent}{1em}
+
+\usepackage{url}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{%
+ basicstyle=\scriptsize\ttfamily, % the size of the fonts
+ columns=fixed, % anything else is horrifying
+ showspaces=false, % show spaces using underscores?
+ showstringspaces=false, % underline spaces within strings?
+ showtabs=false, % show tabs within strings?
+ xleftmargin=1.5em, % left margin space
+}
+\lstdefinestyle{inline}{basicstyle=\ttfamily}
+
+\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
+ \definecolor{headcolor}{HTML}{E34234} % vermillion
+\usepackage{titlesec}
+% \titleformat{ command }[ shape ]{ format }{ label }{ sep }{ before-code }[ after-code ]
+% \titlespacing*{ command }{ left }{ before-sep }{ after-sep }[ right-sep ]
+\titleformat{\section}[runin]{\color{headcolor}\bf}{}{0em}{}
+ \titlespacing*{\section}{0em}{0.65ex}{0.67em}
+
+% TODO
+
+
+\pagestyle{empty}
+\begin{document}\thispagestyle{empty}
+\RaggedRight
+\begin{center}
+ {\large\color{headcolor}\textbf{\LaTeX{} Math for Undergrads}} \\
+\end{center}
+
+\section{Rule One}
+Any mathematics at all,
+even a single character, goes in a mathematical setting.
+Thus, for ``the value of \( x \) is \( 7 \)\,'' enter
+`\lstinline[style=inline]!the value of \( x \) is \( 7 \)!'.
+
+\section{Template}
+Your document should contain at least this.
+\begin{lstlisting}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, amsthm}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+
+\begin{document}
+ --document body here--
+\end{document}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+
+\section{Common constructs}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{} *{1}{l@{\hspace{1.5em}}} l @{}}
+ \(x^2\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!x^2!
+ &\(\sqrt{2}\), \(\sqrt[n]{3}\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\sqrt{2}!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\sqrt[n]{3}! \\
+ \(x_{i,j}\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!x_{i,j}!
+ &\(\frac{2}{3}\), \(2/3\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\frac{2}{3}!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!2/3!
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\section{Calligraphic letters}
+Use as \lstinline[style=inline]!\( \mathcal{A} \)!.
+\begin{center}
+ \( \mathcal{A}\mathcal{B}\mathcal{C}
+ \mathcal{D}\mathcal{E}\mathcal{F}
+ \mathcal{G}\mathcal{H}\mathcal{I}
+ \mathcal{J}\mathcal{K}\mathcal{L}
+ \mathcal{M}\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}
+ \mathcal{P}\mathcal{Q}\mathcal{R}
+ \mathcal{S}\mathcal{T}\mathcal{U}
+ \mathcal{V}\mathcal{W}\mathcal{X}
+ \mathcal{Y}\mathcal{Z} \)
+\end{center}
+
+
+\section{Greek}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}l@{\hspace{1em}}l@{}}
+ $\alpha$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\alpha!
+ &$\xi$, $\Xi$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\xi!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Xi! \\
+ $\beta$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\beta!
+ &o\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!o! \\
+ $\gamma$, $\Gamma$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\gamma!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Gamma!
+ &$\pi$, $\Pi$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\pi!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Pi! \\
+ $\delta$, $\Delta$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\delta!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Delta!
+ &$\varpi$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\varpi! \\
+ $\epsilon$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\epsilon!
+ &$\rho$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\rho! \\
+ $\varepsilon$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\varepsilon!
+ &$\varrho$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\varrho! \\
+ $\zeta$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\zeta!
+ &$\sigma$, $\Sigma$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\sigma!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Sigma! \\
+ $\eta$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\eta!
+ &$\varsigma$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\varsigma! \\
+ $\theta$ $\Theta$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\theta!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Theta!
+ &$\tau$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\tau! \\
+ $\vartheta$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\vartheta!
+ &$\upsilon$, $\Upsilon$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\upsilon!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Upsilon! \\
+ $\iota$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\iota!
+ &$\phi$, $\Phi$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\phi!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Phi! \\
+ $\kappa$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\kappa!
+ &$\varphi$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\varphi! \\
+ $\lambda$ $\Lambda$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\lambda!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Lambda!
+ &$\chi$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\chi! \\
+ $\mu$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\mu!
+ &$\psi$, $\Psi$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\psi!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Psi! \\
+ $\nu$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\nu!
+ &$\omega$, $\Omega$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\omega!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Omega!
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\section{Sets and logic}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}*{2}{l@{\hspace{1em}}}l@{}}
+ $\cup$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\cup!
+ &\(\mathbb{R}\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\mathbb{R}!
+ &$\forall$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\forall! \\
+ $\cap$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\cap!
+ &\(\mathbb{Z}\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\mathbb{Z}!
+ &$\exists$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\exists! \\
+ \(\subset\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\subset!
+ &\(\mathbb{Q}\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\mathbb{Q}!
+ &$\neg$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\neg! \\
+ $\subseteq$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\subseteq!
+ &\(\mathbb{N}\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\mathbb{N}!
+ &$\vee$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\vee! \\
+ $\supset$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\supset!
+ &\(\mathbb{C}\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\mathbb{C}!
+ &$\wedge$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\wedge! \\
+ $\supseteq$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\supseteq!
+ &$\varnothing$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\varnothing!
+ &$\vdash$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\vdash! \\
+ $\in$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\in!
+ &$\emptyset$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\emptyset!
+ &$\models$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\models! \\
+ $\ni$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\ni!
+ &$\aleph$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\aleph!
+ &$\Rightarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\Rightarrow! \\
+ $\notin$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\notin!
+ &$\setminus$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\setminus!
+ &$\nRightarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\nRightarrow! \\
+ $\not\in$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\not\in!
+ &$\equiv$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\equiv!
+ & \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+Negate an operator, as in \(\not\subset\),
+with \lstinline[style=inline]!\not\subset!.
+Get the set complement
+$A^{\mathsf{c}}$ with \lstinline[style=inline]!A^{\mathsf{c}}!,
+get $A^{\complement}$ with \lstinline[style=inline]!A^{\complement}!,
+or
+get $\bar{A}$ with \lstinline[style=inline]!\bar{A}!.
+
+
+
+\section{Decorations}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}*{2}{l@{\hspace{1em}}}l@{}}
+ % $f^\prime$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!f^\prime!
+ $f'$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!f'!
+ &$\dot{a}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\dot{a}!
+ &$\tilde{x}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\tilde{x}! \\
+ % $f^{\prime\prime}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!f^{\prime\prime}!
+ $f''$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!f''!
+ &$\ddot{a}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\ddot{a}!
+ &$\bar{x}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\bar{x}! \\
+ $\Sigma^{*}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\Sigma^{*}!
+ &$\hat{x}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\hat{x}!
+ &$\vec{x}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\vec{x}!
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+If the decorated letter is $i$ or~$j$ then some decorations need
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\imath! or \lstinline[style=inline]!\jmath!,
+as in \lstinline[style=inline]!\vec{\imath}!.
+Some authors use boldface for
+vectors: \lstinline[style=inline]!\boldsymbol{x}!.
+
+Entering \lstinline[style=inline]!\overline{x+y}! produces
+$\overline{x+y}$,
+and \lstinline[style=inline]!\widehat{x+y}! gives $\widehat{x+y}$.
+Comment on an expression as here
+(there is also \lstinline[style=inline]!\overbrace{..}!).
+\begin{center}
+ $\underbrace{x+y}_{|A|}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\underbrace{x+y}_{|A|}!
+\end{center}
+
+
+\section{Dots}
+Use low dots in a list
+$\{0,1,2,\,\ldots\}$, entered as \lstinline[style=inline]!\{0,1,2,\,\ldots\}!.
+(If you use \lstinline[style=inline]!\ldots! in plain text as
+\lstinline[style=inline]!London, Paris, \ldots{}\,.! note
+the thinspace \lstinline[style=inline]!\,! before the period.)
+Use centered dots in a sum or product
+$1+\cdots+100$, entered as \lstinline[style=inline]!1+\cdots+100!.
+You can also get
+vertical dots \lstinline[style=inline]!\vdots!
+and diagonal dots \lstinline[style=inline]!\ddots!.
+
+\section{Roman names} Enter \lstinline[style=inline]!\tan(x)!,
+with a backslash, instead of \lstinline[style=inline]!tan(x)!.
+These get the same treatment.
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}*{3}{l@{\hspace{1.5em}}}l@{}}
+ $\sin$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\sin!
+ &$\sinh$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\sinh!
+ &$\arcsin$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\arcsin! \\
+ $\cos$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\cos!
+ &$\cosh$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\cosh!
+ &$\arccos$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\arccos! \\
+ $\tan$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\tan!
+ &$\tanh$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\tanh!
+ &$\arctan$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\arctan! \\
+ $\sec$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\sec!
+ &$\coth$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\coth!
+ &$\min$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\min! \\
+ $\csc$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\csc!
+ &$\det$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\det!
+ &$\max$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\max! \\
+ $\cot$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\cot!
+ &$\dim$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\dim!
+ &$\inf$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\inf! \\
+ $\exp$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\exp!
+ &$\ker$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\ker!
+ &$\sup$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\sup! \\
+ $\log$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\log!
+ &$\deg$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\deg!
+ &$\liminf$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\liminf! \\
+ $\ln$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\ln!
+ &$\arg$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\arg!
+ &$\limsup$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\limsup! \\
+ $\lg$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\lg!
+ &$\gcd$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\gcd!
+ &$\lim$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\lim! \\
+ % &$\hom$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\hom! \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+
+\section{Other symbols}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}*{2}{l@{\hspace{1.2em}}}l@{}}
+ $<$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!<!
+ &$\angle$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\angle!
+ &$\cdot$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\cdot! \\
+ $\leq$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\leq!
+ &$\measuredangle$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\measuredangle!
+ &$\pm$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\pm! \\
+ $>$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!>!
+ &$\ell$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\ell!
+ &$\mp$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\mp! \\
+ $\geq$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\geq!
+ &$\parallel$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\parallel!
+ &$\times$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\times! \\
+ $\neq$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\neq!
+ &$45^{\circ}$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!45^{\circ}!
+ &$\div$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\div! \\
+ $\ll$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\ll!
+ &$\cong$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\cong!
+ &$\ast$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\ast! \\
+ $\gg$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\gg!
+ &$\ncong$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\ncong!
+ &$\mid$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\mid! \\
+ $\approx$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\approx!
+ &$\sim$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\sim!
+ &$\nmid$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\nmid! \\
+ $\asymp$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\asymp!
+ &$\simeq$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\simeq!
+ &$n!$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]+n!+ \\
+ $\equiv$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\equiv!
+ &$\nsim$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\nsim!
+ &$\partial$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\partial! \\
+ $\prec$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\prec!
+ &$\oplus$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\oplus!
+ &$\nabla$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\nabla! \\
+ $\preceq$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\preceq!
+ &$\ominus$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\ominus!
+ &$\hbar$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\hbar! \\
+ $\succ$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\succ!
+ &$\odot$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\odot!
+ &$\circ$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\circ! \\
+ $\succeq$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\succeq!
+ &$\otimes$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\otimes!
+ &$\star$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\star! \\
+ $\propto$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\propto!
+ &$\oslash$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\oslash!
+ &$\surd$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\surd! \\
+ $\doteq$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\doteq!
+ &$\upharpoonright$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\upharpoonright!
+ &$\checkmark$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\checkmark! \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+Enter \lstinline[style=inline]!a|b! for the divides relation \( a|b \).
+Use \lstinline[style=inline]!\mid! as in
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\{a\in S\mid\text{\(a=0\) or \(a\) is odd}\}!
+for the set \( \{a\in S \mid\text{\(a=0\) or \(a\) is odd}\} \).
+
+\section{Variable-sized operators}
+The summation
+\(\sum_{j=0}^3j^2\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\sum_{j=0}^3 j^2!
+and the integral $\int_{x=0}^3x^2\,dx$
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\int_{x=0}^3 x^2\,dx!
+expand when displayed.
+\begin{equation*}
+ \sum_{j=0}^3j^2
+ \qquad
+ \int_{x=0}^3x^2\,dx
+\end{equation*}
+These do the same.
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}*{2}{l@{\hspace{.35in}}}l@{}}
+ $\int$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\int!
+ &$\iiint$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\iiint!
+ &$\bigcup$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\bigcup! \\
+ $\iint$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\iint!
+ &$\oint$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\oint!
+ &$\bigcap$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\bigcap! \\
+ % &$\bigvee$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\bigvee!
+ % &$\bigwedge$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\bigwedge! \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\section{Arrows}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}l*{1}{@{\hspace{1.5em}}l}@{}}
+ $\rightarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\rightarrow!,
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\to!
+ &$\mapsto$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\mapsto! \\
+ $\nrightarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\nrightarrow!
+ &$\longmapsto$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\longmapsto! \\
+ $\longrightarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\longrightarrow!
+ &$\leftarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\leftarrow! \\
+ $\Rightarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\Rightarrow!
+ &$\leftrightarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\leftrightarrow! \\
+ $\nRightarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\nRightarrow!
+ &$\downarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\downarrow! \\
+ $\Longrightarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\Longrightarrow!
+ &$\uparrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\uparrow! \\
+ $\leadsto$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\leadsto!
+ &$\updownarrow$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!\updownarrow! \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+The right arrows in the first column have matching left arrows,
+such as \lstinline[style=inline]!\nleftarrow!,
+and there are some other matches for down arrows, etc.
+
+\section{Fences}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}*{2}{l@{\hspace{1.5em}}}l@{}}
+ $(\;)$\quad \lstinline[style=inline]!()!
+ &$\langle\;\rangle$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\langle\rangle!
+ &$|\; |$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!| |! \\
+ $[\;]$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]![]!
+ &$\lfloor\;\rfloor$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\lfloor\rfloor!
+ &$\|\;\|$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\| \|! \\
+ $\{\;\}$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\{\}!
+ &$\lceil\;\rceil$\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\lceil\rceil!
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+They will grow with the enclosed formula
+using \lstinline[style=inline]!\left! and \lstinline[style=inline]!\right!.
+\begin{center}
+ $\displaystyle\left\langle i,2^{2^i}\right\rangle$\quad
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\left\langle i,2^{2^i}\right\rangle!
+\end{center}
+Every
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\left! must match a
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\right!
+and they must end on the same line in the output.
+For a one-sided fence put a period
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\left.! or
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\right.! on the other side.%
+\begin{center}
+ $\displaystyle\left.\frac{df}{dx}\right|_{x_0}$\quad
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\left.\frac{df}{dx}\right|_{x_0}!
+\end{center}
+Fix the size with
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\big!,
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\Big!,
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\bigg!, or
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\Bigg!.
+\begin{center}
+ $\displaystyle\Big[\sum_{k=0}^n e^{k^2}\Big]$\quad
+ \lstinline[style=inline]!\Big[\sum_{k=0}^n e^{k^2}\Big]!
+\end{center}
+
+
+\section{Arrays, Matrices}
+Make an array of mathematical text as you make a
+table of plain text.
+\begin{center}
+ \vspace*{-\topsep}
+ \begin{minipage}{.2\columnwidth}\noindent
+ $\displaystyle
+ \begin{array}{@{}rcl@{}}
+ 0 &\leftrightarrow &0 \\
+ 1 &\leftrightarrow &1 \\
+ 2 &\leftrightarrow &4 \\
+ \vdots & &\vdots
+ \end{array}
+ $
+\end{minipage}
+\quad
+\begin{minipage}{.6\columnwidth}\noindent
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0em]
+ \begin{array}{rcl}
+ 0 &\leftrightarrow &0 \\
+ 1 &\leftrightarrow &1 \\
+ 2 &\leftrightarrow &4 \\
+ \vdots & &\vdots
+ \end{array}
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{minipage}
+\end{center}
+Definition by cases is an array with two columns.
+\begin{center}
+ $\displaystyle
+ f_n=\begin{cases}
+ a &\text{if \(n=0\)} \\
+ r\cdot f_{n-1} &\text{else}
+ \end{cases}
+ $
+\quad
+\begin{minipage}{.525\columnwidth}\noindent
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=-1em]
+ f_n=
+ \begin{cases}
+ a &\text{if \(n=0\)} \\
+ r\cdot f_{n-1} &\text{else}
+ \end{cases}
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{minipage}
+\end{center}
+A matrix is another array variant.
+With this abbreviation you need not specify column alignments.
+\begin{center}
+ $\displaystyle
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ a &b \\
+ c &d
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ $
+ \quad
+\begin{minipage}{.525\columnwidth}\noindent
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0em]
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ a &b \\
+ c &d
+ \end{pmatrix}
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{minipage}
+\end{center}
+For the determinant use \lstinline[style=inline]!|A|! inline
+and \lstinline[style=inline]!vmatrix! in display.
+
+\section{Spacing in mathematics}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}*{1}{l@{\hspace{2.25em}}}l@{}}
+ \(\rightarrow\,\leftarrow\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\,!
+ &\(\rightarrow\quad\leftarrow\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\quad! \\
+ \(\rightarrow\:\leftarrow\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\:!
+ &\(\rightarrow\qquad\leftarrow\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\qquad! \\
+ \(\rightarrow\;\leftarrow\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]!\;!
+ &\(\rightarrow\!\leftarrow\)\quad\lstinline[style=inline]+\!+
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+The left column spaces are in ratio \(3\mathbin{:}4\mathbin{:}5\).
+The last in the right column is a negative space,
+opposite to \lstinline[style=inline]!\,!.
+Get arbitrary space as in
+% \(\rightarrow\hspace*{0.5cm}\leftarrow\)
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\hspace{0.5cm}!.
+
+
+\section{Displayed equations}
+Put equations on a separate line with the
+\lstinline[style=inline]!equation*! environment.
+\begin{center}
+\vspace*{-\topsep}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth}\vspace*{-\abovedisplayskip}
+ \begin{equation*}
+ S=k\log W
+ \end{equation*}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \quad
+ \begin{minipage}{0.65\linewidth}
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0ex]
+\begin{equation*}
+ S=k\log W
+\end{equation*}
+\end{lstlisting}
+ \end{minipage}
+\end{center}
+You can break into multiple lines.
+\begin{center}
+\vspace*{-\topsep}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.35\linewidth}\vspace*{-\abovedisplayskip}
+ \begin{multline*}
+ \sin (x)=x-\frac{x^3}{3!} \\
+ +\frac{x^5}{5!}-\cdots
+ \end{multline*}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \quad
+ \begin{minipage}{0.55\linewidth}
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0ex]
+\begin{multline*}
+ \sin (x)=x-\frac{x^3}{3!} \\
+ +\frac{x^5}{5!}-\cdots
+\end{multline*}
+\end{lstlisting}
+ \end{minipage}
+\end{center}
+Align using the \lstinline[style=inline]!align*! environment
+\vspace*{-\topsep}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{minipage}[c]{0.25\linewidth}\vspace*{-\abovedisplayskip}
+ \begin{align*}
+ \nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{D} &= \rho \\
+ \nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{B} &= 0
+ \end{align*}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \quad
+ \begin{minipage}[c]{0.65\linewidth}
+\begin{lstlisting}[xleftmargin=0ex,boxpos=c]
+\begin{align*}
+ \nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{D} &= \rho \\
+ \nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{B} &= 0
+\end{align*}
+\end{lstlisting}
+ \end{minipage}
+\end{center}
+(you can have an empty left or right side of the alignment).
+For each environment, get a numbered version by
+dropping the asterisk from the name.
+
+
+\section{Calculus examples}
+The last three here are display style.
+\begin{center} \small \def\arraystretch{2}
+ \vspace*{-\topsep}\vspace*{-0.25cm}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}r@{\hspace{1em}}l@{}}
+ \( f\colon\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R} \)
+ &\lstinline[style=inline]!f\colon\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}! \\
+ \( 9.8~\text{m}/\text{s}^2 \)
+ &\lstinline[style=inline]!9.8~\text{m}/\text{s}^2! \\
+ $\displaystyle
+ \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}
+ $
+ &\lstinline[style=inline]!\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}! \\
+ $\displaystyle
+ \int x^2\,dx=x^3/3+C
+ $
+ &\lstinline[style=inline]!\int x^2\,dx=x^3/3+C! \\
+ % $\displaystyle
+ % \frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{dy}{du}\frac{du}{dx}
+ % $
+ % &\lstinline[style=inline]!\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{dy}{du}\frac{du}{dx}! \\
+ $\displaystyle
+ \nabla=\boldsymbol{i}\frac{d}{dx}
+ +\boldsymbol{j}\frac{d}{dy}
+ +\boldsymbol{k}\frac{d}{dz}
+ $
+ &\lstinline[style=inline]!\nabla=\boldsymbol{i}\frac{d}{dx}+!\,\(\cdots\)\\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\section{Discrete mathematics examples}
+There are four modulo forms:
+\(m\bmod n\) is from \lstinline[style=inline]!m\bmod n!,
+and \(a\equiv b\pmod m\) is from \lstinline[style=inline]!a\equiv b\pmod m!,
+and \(a\equiv b\mod m\) is from \lstinline[style=inline]!a\equiv b\mod m!,
+and \(a\equiv b\pod m\) is from \lstinline[style=inline]!a\equiv b\pod m!.
+
+For combinations the binomial symbol $\binom{n}{k}$ is from
+\lstinline[style=inline]!\binom{n}{k}!.
+This resizes to be bigger in a display
+(to require the display version use \lstinline[style=inline]!\dbinom{n}{k}!
+and for the inline version use \lstinline[style=inline]!\tbinom{n}{k}!).
+
+For permutations use
+\( n^{\underline{r}} \) from \lstinline[style=inline]!n^{\underline{r}}!
+(some authors use \( P(n,r) \),
+or \( {}_nP_r \) from \lstinline[style=inline]!{}_nP_r!).
+
+
+\section{Statistics examples}
+\begin{center} \small\def\arraystretch{1.5}
+ \vspace*{-\topsep}\vspace*{-0.15cm}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}r@{\hspace{1em}}l@{}}
+ $
+ \sigma^2=\sqrt{\sum (x_i-\mu)^2/N}
+ $
+ &\lstinline[style=inline]!\sigma^2=\sqrt{\sum (x_i-\mu)^2/N}! \\
+ $
+ E(X)=\mu_X=\sum (x_i-P(x_i))
+ $
+ &\lstinline[style=inline]! E(X)=\mu_X=\sum (x_i-P(x_i))! \\
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+The probability density of the normal distribution
+\begin{equation*}
+ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\sigma^2\pi}}\,e^{-\frac{(x-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}
+\end{equation*}
+comes from this.
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ \frac{1}{sqrt{2\sigma^2\pi}}
+ \,e^{-\frac{(x-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}!.
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+
+\section{For more}
+See also the
+Comprehensive \LaTeX{} Symbols
+List at \url{mirror.ctan.org/info/symbols/comprehensive}
+and De\TeX ify at \url{detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html}.
+
+
+\vfill
+\noindent\parbox{\columnwidth}{\small%
+{\color{headcolor}\hrulefill\\
+\vspace*{0ex}
+Jim Hef{}feron, Saint Michael's College, VT USA\hfill 2017-Jan-10
+}}
+\end{document}
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