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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2023-01-16 03:03:27 +0000
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2023-01-16 03:03:27 +0000
commit6f9e1680085e7bb4d258f6f8116369d122e196e1 (patch)
tree9ac0ecb239240d1d672b188f29c1479de215074b /info/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi
parentb8345f39630408bb198e7636381ce4240154ca9b (diff)
CTAN sync 202301160303
Diffstat (limited to 'info/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi')
-rw-r--r--info/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi739
1 files changed, 482 insertions, 257 deletions
diff --git a/info/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi b/info/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi
index 50a0d91903..3b3a163097 100644
--- a/info/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi
+++ b/info/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
\input texinfo
-@c $Id: latex2e.texi 1079 2022-01-26 18:15:20Z karl $
+@c $Id: latex2e.texi 1141 2023-01-10 23:19:31Z karl $
@comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@setfilename latex2e.info
-@set UPDATED January 2022
+@set UPDATED January 2023
@include common.texi
@settitle @LaTeX{}2e unofficial reference manual (@value{UPDATED})
@comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
@c xx merge permuted-index
@c xx merge latex-manual from savannah
@c xx merge display style math
+@c xx systematically check stated math atom type vs. fontdef.dtx etc.
@c xx check recent ltnews for (lots of) changes
@c xx \write of non-ASCII chars (vincent mail of 14 Mar 2020 21:39:41)
@c xx \nonstopmode etc., if they are officially supported by LaTeX?
+@c xx LaTeX defines \do at \begin{document} even though it is not documented
@c xx JH explain nfss somewhere
@c xx JH expand BiBTeX
@c xx JH expand theorem, AMS math
@@ -92,6 +94,8 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
\global\hbadness=4444 % don't complain much
@end tex
+@microtype on
+
@html
<div class='intro'> <p>This is an unofficial reference manual for
LaTeX. See below for the <a href='#SEC_Overview'>Table of Contents</a>.
@@ -566,8 +570,8 @@ For more information, see ``The @LaTeX{} release workflow and the
@cindex command syntax
@findex \ @r{character starting commands}
-@findex [...] @r{for optional arguments}
-@findex @{...@} @r{for required arguments}
+@findex [...] @r{(for optional arguments)}
+@findex @{...@} @r{(for required arguments)}
In the @LaTeX{} input file, a command name starts with a backslash
character, @code{\}. The name itself then consists of either
(a)@tie{}a string of letters or (b)@tie{}a single non-letter.
@@ -1046,7 +1050,7 @@ Save in a box register things that are written to the @file{.dvi} file
at the beginning of the shipout of the first page of the document.
@item \AtEndOfClass@{@var{code}@}
-@item \AtEndOfPackage@{@var{code}@}
+@itemx \AtEndOfPackage@{@var{code}@}
@findex \AtEndOfClass
@findex \AtEndOfPackage
Hook to insert @var{code} to be executed when @LaTeX{} finishes
@@ -1055,10 +1059,10 @@ multiple times; the @code{code} will be executed in the order that you
called it. See also @ref{\AtBeginDocument}.
@item \CheckCommand@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{num}][@var{default}]@{@var{definition}@}
-@item \CheckCommand*@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{num}][@var{default}]@{@var{definition}@}
+@itemx \CheckCommand*@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{num}][@var{default}]@{@var{definition}@}
@findex \CheckCommand
@findex \CheckCommand*
-@cindex new command, check
+@cindex new command, checking
Like @code{\newcommand} (@pxref{\newcommand & \renewcommand}) but does
not define @var{cmd}; instead it checks that the current definition of
@var{cmd} is exactly as given by @var{definition} and is or is not
@@ -1071,15 +1075,15 @@ redefining @code{cmd} yourself that no other package has already
redefined this command.
@item \ClassError@{@var{class name}@}@{@var{error text}@}@{@var{help text}@}
-@item \PackageError@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{error text}@}@{@var{help text}@}
-@item \ClassWarning@{@var{class name}@}@{@var{warning text}@}
-@item \PackageWarning@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{warning text}@}
-@item \ClassWarningNoLine@{@var{class name}@}@{@var{warning text}@}
-@item \PackageWarningNoLine@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{warning text}@}
-@item \ClassInfo@{@var{class name}@}@{@var{info text}@}
-@item \PackageInfo@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{info text}@}
-@item \ClassInfoNoLine@{@var{class name}@}@{@var{info text}@}
-@item \PackageInfoNoLine@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{info text}@}
+@itemx \ClassWarning@{@var{class name}@}@{@var{warning text}@}
+@itemx \ClassWarningNoLine@{@var{class name}@}@{@var{warning text}@}
+@itemx \ClassInfo@{@var{class name}@}@{@var{info text}@}
+@itemx \ClassInfoNoLine@{@var{class name}@}@{@var{info text}@}
+@itemx \PackageError@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{error text}@}@{@var{help text}@}
+@itemx \PackageWarning@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{warning text}@}
+@itemx \PackageWarningNoLine@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{warning text}@}
+@itemx \PackageInfo@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{info text}@}
+@itemx \PackageInfoNoLine@{@var{package name}@}@{@var{info text}@}
@findex \ClassError
@findex \PackageError
@findex \ClassWarning
@@ -1116,7 +1120,7 @@ be used within the @var{code} argument of either @code{\DeclareOption}
or @code{\DeclareOption*}.
@item \DeclareOption@{@var{option}@}@{@var{code}@}
-@item \DeclareOption*@{@var{code}@}
+@itemx \DeclareOption*@{@var{code}@}
@findex \DeclareOption
@findex \DeclareOption*
@cindex class options
@@ -1156,7 +1160,7 @@ passes the option to the @code{article} class.
@end example
@item \DeclareRobustCommand@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{num}][@var{default}]@{@var{definition}@}
-@item \DeclareRobustCommand*@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{num}][@var{default}]@{@var{definition}@}
+@item* \DeclareRobustCommand*@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{num}][@var{default}]@{@var{definition}@}
@findex \DeclareRobustCommand
@findex \DeclareRobustCommand*
@cindex new command, definition
@@ -1194,9 +1198,8 @@ commands, so they do not just make a log message when you redefine
@code{\renew@dots{}} or @code{\provide@dots{}} or you get an error.
@end enumerate
-
@item \IfFileExists@{@var{filename}@}@{@var{true code}@}@{@var{false code}@}
-@item \InputIfFileExists@{@var{filename}@}@{@var{true code}@}@{@var{false code}@}
+@itemx \InputIfFileExists@{@var{filename}@}@{@var{true code}@}@{@var{false code}@}
@findex \IfFileExists
@findex \InputIfFileExists
Execute @var{true code} if @LaTeX{} finds the file @file{@var{file
@@ -1221,7 +1224,7 @@ appending the @code{.tex}; for more on how @LaTeX{} handles file
extensions see @ref{\input}.
@item \LoadClass[@var{options list}]@{@var{class name}@}[@var{release date}]
-@item \LoadClassWithOptions@{@var{class name}@}[@var{release date}]
+@itemx \LoadClassWithOptions@{@var{class name}@}[@var{release date}]
@findex \LoadClass
@findex \LoadClassWithOptions
Load a class, as with @code{\documentclass[@var{options
@@ -1296,7 +1299,7 @@ within the @var{code} argument of either @code{\DeclareOption} or
@c reaches @code{\begin@{document@}}.
@item \PassOptionsToClass@{@var{option list}@}@{@var{class name}@}
-@item \PassOptionsToPackage@{@var{option list}@}@{@var{package name}@}
+@itemx \PassOptionsToPackage@{@var{option list}@}@{@var{package name}@}
@findex \PassOptionsToClass
@findex \PassOptionsToPackage
Adds the options in the comma-separated list @var{option list} to the
@@ -1338,7 +1341,7 @@ option. The user could start their @LaTeX{} file with
@code{\PassOptionsToPackage@{draft@}@{graphicx@}\documentclass@{foo@}}.
@item \ProcessOptions
-@item \ProcessOptions*@var{\@@options}
+@itemx \ProcessOptions*@var{\@@options}
@findex \ProcessOptions
@findex \ProcessOptions*
Execute the code for each option that the user has invoked. Include it
@@ -1381,9 +1384,9 @@ the order of declaration in the class or package. For a package this
means that the global options are processed first.
@item \ProvidesClass@{@var{class name}@}[@var{release date} @var{brief additional information}]
-@item \ProvidesClass@{@var{class name}@}[@var{release date}]
-@item \ProvidesPackage@{@var{package name}@}[@var{release date} @var{brief additional information}]
-@item \ProvidesPackage@{@var{package name}@}[@var{release date}]
+@itemx \ProvidesClass@{@var{class name}@}[@var{release date}]
+@itemx \ProvidesPackage@{@var{package name}@}[@var{release date} @var{brief additional information}]
+@itemx \ProvidesPackage@{@var{package name}@}[@var{release date}]
@findex \ProvidesClass
@findex \ProvidesPackage
Identifies the class or package, printing a message to the screen and
@@ -1427,7 +1430,7 @@ file and you get in the log a string like @code{File: test.config
@samp{2017/10/12 config file for test.cls}.
@item \RequirePackage[@var{option list}]@{@var{package name}@}[@var{release date}]
-@item \RequirePackageWithOptions@{@var{package name}@}[@var{release date}]
+@itemx \RequirePackageWithOptions@{@var{package name}@}[@var{release date}]
@findex \RequirePackage
@findex \RequirePackageWithOptions
Load a package, like the command @code{\usepackage} (@pxref{Additional
@@ -1754,9 +1757,10 @@ Note that @code{\DeclareTextAccentDefault} works for any one-argument
@node \DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand
@subsection @code{\DeclareTextCommand} & @code{\ProvideTextCommand}
+@anchor{\DeclareTextCommand}
+@anchor{\ProvideTextCommand}
@findex \DeclareTextCommand
@findex \ProvideTextCommand
-
Synopsis, one of:
@example
@@ -1820,9 +1824,9 @@ take an optional argument.
@node \DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault
@subsection @code{\DeclareTextCommandDefault} & @code{\ProvideTextCommandDefault }
-@findex \DeclareTextCommand
+@anchor{\DeclareTextCommandDefault}
+@anchor{\ProvideTextCommandDefault}
@findex \DeclareTextCommandDefault
-@findex \ProvideTextCommand
@findex \ProvideTextCommandDefault
Synopsis:
@@ -2024,6 +2028,8 @@ name of the encoding explicitly.
@node \UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccent
@subsection @code{\UseTextSymbol} & @code{\UseTextAccent}
+@anchor{\UseTextSymbol}
+@anchor{\UseTextAccent}
@findex \UseTextSymbol
@findex \UseTextAccent
@@ -2101,6 +2107,8 @@ These commands, in any of the three forms, are cumulative; for instance
you can get bold sans serif by saying either of
@code{\sffamily\bfseries} or @code{\bfseries\sffamily}.
+@anchor{\nocorrlist}
+@anchor{\nocorr}
@findex \nocorrlist
@findex \nocorr
One advantage of these commands is that they automatically insert italic
@@ -2167,7 +2175,7 @@ Main document font.
@cindex emphasis
@findex \emph
Although it also changes fonts, the @code{\emph@{@var{text}@}} command
-is semantic, for text to be emphasized, and should not be used as a
+is semantic, for @var{text} to be emphasized, and should not be used as a
substitute for @code{\textit}. For example, @code{\emph@{@var{start
text} \emph@{@var{middle text}@} @var{end text}@}} will result in the
@var{start text} and @var{end text} in italics, but @var{middle text}
@@ -2261,6 +2269,7 @@ Calligraphic letters, for use in math mode.
@end table
+@anchor{\mathversion}
@findex \mathversion
@cindex math, bold
@cindex bold math
@@ -2268,6 +2277,7 @@ In addition, the command @code{\mathversion@{bold@}} can be used for
switching to bold letters and symbols in
formulas. @code{\mathversion@{normal@}} restores the default.
+@anchor{\oldstylenums}
@findex \oldstylenums
@cindex numerals, old-style
@cindex old-style numerals
@@ -2775,7 +2785,7 @@ Two column text here.
@findex \flushbottom
-Make all pages in the documents after this declaration have the same
+Make all pages in the document after this declaration have the same
height, by stretching the vertical space where necessary to fill out the
page. This is most often used when making two-sided documents since the
differences in facing pages can be glaring.
@@ -2791,7 +2801,8 @@ is to, in a final editing stage, adjust the height of individual pages
(@pxref{\enlargethispage}).
The @code{\flushbottom} state is the default only if you select the
-@code{twoside} document class option (@pxref{Document class options}).
+@code{twocolumn} document class option (@pxref{Document class options}),
+and for indexes made using @code{makeidx}.
@node \raggedbottom
@@ -2803,9 +2814,9 @@ The @code{\flushbottom} state is the default only if you select the
Make all later pages the natural height of the material on that page; no
rubber vertical lengths will be stretched. Thus, in a two-sided
document the facing pages may be different heights. This command can go
-at any point in the document body. See @ref{\flushbottom}.
+at any point in the document body. @xref{\flushbottom}.
-This is the default unless you select the @code{twoside} document class
+This is the default unless you select the @code{twocolumn} document class
option (@pxref{Document class options}).
@@ -3000,6 +3011,8 @@ same as the font size, e.g., @samp{10pt} at a type size of 10pt.
@node \baselineskip & \baselinestretch
@section @code{\baselineskip} & @code{\baselinestretch}
+@anchor{\baselineskip}
+@anchor{\baselinestretch}
@findex \baselineskip
@findex \baselinestretch
@findex \linespread
@@ -3072,24 +3085,25 @@ In the standard classes @code{\lineskiplimit} is 0@dmn{pt} and
between lines can approach zero but if it becomes zero (or less than
zero) then the lines jump to 1@dmn{pt} apart.
-Sometimes authors must, for editing purposes, put the document in double
-space or one-and-a-half space. The right way to influence the interline
-distance is via @code{\baselinestretch}. It scales
-@code{\baselineskip}, and has a default value of 1.0. It is a command,
-not a length, so change the scale factor as in
+Sometimes authors must, for editing purposes, put the document in
+double space or one-and-a-half space. The right way to influence the
+interline distance is via @code{\baselinestretch}. It scales
+@code{\baselineskip}, and has a default value of 1.0. It is a
+command, not a length, and does not take effect until a font change
+happens, so set the scale factor like this:
@code{\renewcommand@{\baselinestretch@}@{1.5@}\selectfont}.
The most straightforward way to change the line spacing for an entire
document is to put @code{\linespread@{@var{factor}@}} in the preamble.
For double spacing, take @var{factor} to be 1.6 and for one-and-a-half
-spacing use 1.3. These number are rough: for instance, since the
+spacing use 1.3. These numbers are rough: for instance, since the
@code{\baselineskip} is about 1.2 times the font size, multiplying by
1.6 gives a baseline skip to font size ratio of about 2. (The
@code{\linespread} command is defined as
-@code{\renewcommand@{\baselinestretch@}@{@var{factor}@}} so it won't
-take effect until a font setting happens. But that always takes place at
-the start of a document, so there you don't need to follow it with
-@code{\selectfont}.)
+@code{\renewcommand@{\baselinestretch@}@{@var{factor}@}} so it also
+won't take effect until a font setting happens. But that always takes
+place at the start of a document, so there you don't need to follow it
+with @code{\selectfont}.)
@PkgIndex{setspace}
A simpler approach is the @package{setspace} package. The basic example:
@@ -3491,9 +3505,10 @@ something like a subsection numbered @samp{3.0.1}.
@PkgIndex{titlesec}
@LaTeX{} lets you change the appearance of the sectional units. As a
-simple example, you can change the section numbering to upper-case
-letters with @code{\renewcommand\thesection@{\Alph@{section@}@}} in the
-preamble (@pxref{\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol}). CTAN
+simple example, you can change the section numbering to uppercase
+letters with this (in the preamble):@*
+@code{\renewcommand\thesection@{\Alph@{section@}@}} .
+(@xref{\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol}.) CTAN
has many packages that make this adjustment easier, notably
@package{titlesec}.
@@ -3913,13 +3928,17 @@ text.
@node \subsubsection & \paragraph & \subparagraph
-
@section @code{\subsubsection}, @code{\paragraph}, @code{\subparagraph}
+@anchor{\subsubsection}
@findex \subsubsection
@cindex subsubsection
+@c
+@anchor{\paragraph}
@findex \paragraph
@cindex paragraph
+@c
+@anchor{\subparagraph}
@findex \subparagraph
@cindex subparagraph
@@ -4013,12 +4032,12 @@ Synopsis:
\appendix
@end example
-This does not directly produce any output. But in a book or report it
-declares that subsequent @code{\chapter} commands start an appendix. In
-an article it does the same, for @code{\section} commands. It also
-resets the @code{chapter} and @code{section} counters to@tie{}0 in a
-book or report, and in an article resets the @code{section} and
-@code{subsection} counters.
+This does not directly produce any output. But in a @code{book} or
+@code{report} document it declares that subsequent @code{\chapter}
+commands start an appendix. In an article it does the same, for
+@code{\section} commands. It also resets the @code{chapter} and
+@code{section} counters to@tie{}0 in a book or report, and in an article
+resets the @code{section} and @code{subsection} counters.
In this book
@@ -4050,12 +4069,17 @@ number of other features. See the documentation on CTAN.
@node \frontmatter & \mainmatter & \backmatter
@section @code{\frontmatter}, @code{\mainmatter}, @code{\backmatter}
+@anchor{\frontmatter}
@findex \frontmatter
@cindex book, front matter
@cindex front matter of a book
+@c
+@anchor{\mainmatter}
@findex \mainmatter
@cindex book, main matter
@cindex main matter of a book
+@c
+@anchor{\backmatter}
@findex \backmatter
@cindex book, back matter
@cindex book, end matter
@@ -4718,9 +4742,9 @@ default only in the @code{report} class.
\end@{abstract@}
@end example
-@PkgIndex abstract
+@PkgIndex{abstract}
The next example produces a one column abstract in a two column document (for
-a more flexible solution, use the package @file{abstract}).
+a more flexible solution, use the package @package{abstract}).
@c Adopted from http://www.tex.ac.uk/FAQ-onecolabs.html
@example
@@ -5529,7 +5553,7 @@ Synopsis:
\end@{flushleft@}
@end example
-@findex \\ @r{for @code{flushleft}}
+@findex \\ @r{(for @code{flushleft})}
An environment that creates a paragraph whose lines are flush to the
left-hand margin, and ragged right. If you have lines that are too long
then @LaTeX{} will linebreak them in a way that avoids hyphenation and
@@ -5590,10 +5614,10 @@ formats paragraph units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the
scope of the declaration must contain the blank line or @code{\end}
command that ends the paragraph unit.
-Here @code{\raggedright} in each second column keeps @LaTeX{} from doing
-very awkward typesetting to fit the text into the narrow column. Note
-that @code{\raggedright} is inside the curly braces @code{@{...@}} to
-delimit its effect.
+Here @code{\raggedright} in each second column keeps @LaTeX{} from
+doing awkward typesetting to fit the text into the narrow column.
+Note that @code{\raggedright} is inside the curly braces
+@code{@{...@}} to delimit its effect.
@example
\begin@{tabular@}@{rp@{2in@}@}
@@ -7143,10 +7167,11 @@ Synopsis:
\frame@{@var{contents}@}
@end example
-Puts a rectangular frame around @var{contents}. The reference point is
-the bottom left corner of the frame. In contrast to @code{\framebox}
-(@pxref{\framebox (picture)}), this command puts no extra space is put
-between the frame and the object. It is fragile (@pxref{\protect}).
+Puts a rectangular frame around @var{contents}. The reference point
+is the bottom left corner of the frame. In contrast to
+@code{\framebox} (@pxref{\framebox (picture)}), this command puts no
+extra space between the frame and the object. It is fragile
+(@pxref{\protect}).
@node \dashbox
@@ -7191,10 +7216,12 @@ As in that example, a dashed box looks best when @var{rect-width} and
@node quotation & quote
@section @code{quotation} & @code{quote}
+@anchor{quotation}
@EnvIndex{quotation}
@cindex quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying
@cindex displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation
@cindex paragraph indentations in quoted text
+@anchor{quote}
@EnvIndex{quote}
@cindex quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying
@cindex displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation
@@ -7535,12 +7562,12 @@ illustrates many of the features.
The output will have two left-aligned columns with a vertical bar
between them. This is specified in @code{tabular}'s argument
@code{@{l|l@}}.
-@findex & @r{for table cells}
+@findex & @r{(for table cells)}
Put the entries into different columns by separating them with an
ampersand, @code{&}. The end of each row is marked with a double
backslash, @code{\\}. Put a horizontal rule below a row, after a double
backslash, with @code{\hline}.
-@findex \\ @r{for @code{tabular}}
+@findex \\ @r{(for @code{tabular})}
After the last row the @code{\\} is optional, unless an @code{\hline}
command follows to put a rule below the table.
@@ -7581,14 +7608,14 @@ Insert @var{text or space} at this location in every row. The @var{text
or space} material is typeset in LR mode. This text is fragile
(@pxref{\protect}).
-If between two columns there is no @@-expression then @LaTeX{}'s
-@code{book}, @code{article}, and @code{report} classes will put on
-either side of each column a space of length @code{\tabcolsep}, which by
-default is 6@dmn{pt}. That is, by default adjacent columns are
+If between two column specifiers there is no @@-expression then
+@LaTeX{}'s @code{book}, @code{article}, and @code{report} classes will
+put on either side of each column a space of width @code{\tabcolsep},
+which by default is 6@dmn{pt}. That is, by default adjacent columns are
separated by 12@dmn{pt} (so @code{\tabcolsep} is misleadingly named
since it is only half of the separation between tabular columns). In
-addition, a space of 6@dmn{pt} also comes before the first column and
-after the final column, unless you put a @code{@@@{...@}} or @code{|}
+addition, a space of @code{\tabcolsep} also comes before the first
+column and after the final column, unless you put a @code{@@@{...@}}
there.
If you override the default and use an @@-expression then @LaTeX{} does
@@ -7618,6 +7645,7 @@ arranged so the numbers in the table are aligned on it.
\end@{tabular@}
@end example
+@anchor{\extracolsep}
@findex \extracolsep
An @code{\extracolsep@{@var{wd}@}} command in an @@-expression causes an
extra space of width @var{wd} to appear to the left of all subsequent
@@ -8501,7 +8529,7 @@ Then plainly know my heart's dear love is set \\
On the fair daughter of rich Capulet.
@end example
-@findex \\ @r{for @code{verse}}
+@findex \\ @r{(for @code{verse})}
Separate the lines of each stanza with @code{\\}, and use one or more
blank lines to separate the stanzas.
@@ -8576,7 +8604,7 @@ same time.
@node \\
@section @code{\\}
-@findex \\ @r{force line break}
+@findex \\ @r{(force line break)}
@cindex new line, starting
@cindex line break, forcing
@@ -8660,6 +8688,8 @@ Fix it by replacing the double backslash with something like
@node \obeycr & \restorecr
@section @code{\obeycr} & @code{\restorecr}
+@anchor{\obeycr}
+@anchor{\restorecr}
@findex \obeycr
@findex \restorecr
@cindex new line, output as input
@@ -8777,10 +8807,10 @@ Commenting out the third line and uncommenting the fourth makes a much
better fit.
The @code{\-} command only allows @LaTeX{} to break there, it does not
-require that it break there. You can force a split with something like
-@code{Hef-\linebreak feron}. Of course, if you later change the text
-then this forced break may look very odd, so this approach requires
-care.
+require that it break there. You can force a split with something
+like @code{Hef-\linebreak feron}. Of course, if you later change the
+text then this forced break may look out of place, so this approach
+requires care.
@node \discretionary
@@ -8857,6 +8887,8 @@ automatically by @TeX{}'s hyphenation algorithm.
@node \fussy & \sloppy
@section @code{\fussy} & @code{\sloppy}
+@anchor{\fussy}
+@anchor{\sloppy}
@findex \fussy
@findex \sloppy
@cindex line breaks, changing
@@ -8948,6 +8980,8 @@ commands accumulate.
@node \linebreak & \nolinebreak
@section @code{\linebreak} & @code{\nolinebreak}
+@anchor{\linebreak}
+@anchor{\nolinebreak}
@findex \linebreak
@findex \nolinebreak
@cindex line breaks, forcing
@@ -9002,12 +9036,13 @@ tweaking the final version of a document, then you may need to
understand how to influence its actions.
@c credit: H Vogt https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/115563
+@cindex badness
@LaTeX{}'s algorithm for splitting a document into pages is more complex
than just waiting until there is enough material to fill a page and
outputting the result. Instead, @LaTeX{} typesets more material than
would fit on the page and then chooses a break that is optimal in some
-way (it has the smallest badness). An example of the advantage of this
-approach is that if the page has some vertical space that can be
+way (it has the smallest @dfn{badness}). An example of the advantage of
+this approach is that if the page has some vertical space that can be
stretched or shrunk, such as with rubber lengths between paragraphs,
then @LaTeX{} can use that to avoid widow lines (where a new page starts
with the last line of a paragraph; @LaTeX{} can squeeze the extra line
@@ -9037,9 +9072,11 @@ influence page breaks while preparing a final version of a document.
@node \clearpage & \cleardoublepage
@section @code{\clearpage} & @code{\cleardoublepage}
+@anchor{\clearpage}
@findex \clearpage
@cindex flushing floats and starting a page
@cindex starting a new page and clearing floats
+@anchor{\cleardoublepage}
@findex \cleardoublepage
@cindex starting on a right-hand page
@@ -9083,7 +9120,9 @@ page, use this command.
@noindent
If you want @LaTeX{}'s standard @code{\chapter} command to do this then
-add the line @code{\let\cleardoublepage\clearemptydoublepage}.
+add the line @code{\let\cleardoublepage\clearemptydoublepage}. (Of
+course this affects all uses of @code{\cleardoublepage}, not just the
+one in @code{\chapter}.)
The command @code{\newpage} (@pxref{\newpage}) also ends the current
page, but without clearing pending floats. And, if @LaTeX{} is in
@@ -9145,8 +9184,8 @@ stretch out the page, as @code{\pagebreak} does.
Synopsis, one of:
@example
-\enlargethispage@{size@}
-\enlargethispage*@{size@}
+\enlargethispage@{@var{size}@}
+\enlargethispage*@{@var{size}@}
@end example
Enlarge the @code{\textheight} for the current page. The required
@@ -9172,6 +9211,8 @@ explicit @code{\pagebreak}.
@node \pagebreak & \nopagebreak
@section @code{\pagebreak} & @code{\nopagebreak}
+@anchor{\pagebreak}
+@anchor{\nopagebreak}
@findex \pagebreak
@findex \nopagebreak
@cindex page break, forcing
@@ -9200,8 +9241,8 @@ prevent the break. But for instance @code{\nopagebreak[1]} suggests to
the more insistent the request. Both commands are fragile
(@pxref{\protect}).
-@LaTeX{}'s page endings are optimized so ordinarily you only use this
-command in a document body to polish the final version, or inside
+@LaTeX{}'s page endings are optimized so ordinarily you only use these
+commands in a document body to polish the final version, or inside
commands.
If you use these inside a paragraph, they apply to the point following
@@ -9613,13 +9654,17 @@ second.\footnotefrom@{%
@node \newcommand & \renewcommand
@section @code{\newcommand} & @code{\renewcommand}
+@anchor{\newcommand}
+@anchor{\renewcommand}
@findex \newcommand
+@findex \renewcommand
@cindex commands, defining new ones
@cindex commands, redefining
@cindex defining a new command
+@cindex redefining a command
@cindex new commands, defining
-Synopses, one of:
+Synopses, one of (three regular forms, three starred forms):
@example
\newcommand@{\@var{cmd}@}@{@var{defn}@}
@@ -9631,10 +9676,11 @@ Synopses, one of:
@end example
@noindent
-or one of these.
+or all the same possibilities with @code{\renewcommand} instead of
+@code{\newcommand}:
@example
-\renewcommand@{\@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}]@{@var{defn}@}
+\renewcommand@{\@var{cmd}@}@{@var{defn}@}
\renewcommand@{\@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}]@{@var{defn}@}
\renewcommand@{\@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{optargdefault}]@{@var{defn}@}
\renewcommand*@{\@var{cmd}@}@{@var{defn}@}
@@ -9642,26 +9688,26 @@ or one of these.
\renewcommand*@{\@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{optargdefault}]@{@var{defn}@}
@end example
-Define or redefine a command (see also the discussion of
-@code{\DeclareRobustCommand} in @ref{Class and package commands}).
+
+Define or redefine a command (see also @code{\DeclareRobustCommand} in
+@ref{Class and package commands}).
@cindex starred form, defining new commands
@cindex *-form, defining new commands
@findex \long
The starred form of these two forbids the arguments from containing
-multiple paragraphs of text (in plain @TeX{} terms, the commands
+multiple paragraphs of text (in plain @TeX{} terms: the commands
are not @code{\long}). With the default form, arguments can be
multiple paragraphs.
-These are the parameters:
+These are the parameters (examples follow):
@table @var
@item cmd
-
-Required; @code{\@var{cmd}} is the command name. It must begin with a backslash, @code{\},
-and must not begin with the four character string @code{\end}. For
-@code{\newcommand}, it must not be already defined. For
-@code{\renewcommand}, this name must already be defined.
+Required; @code{\@var{cmd}} is the command name. It must begin with a
+backslash, @code{\}, and must not begin with the four character string
+@code{\end}. For @code{\newcommand}, it must not be already defined.
+For @code{\renewcommand}, this name must already be defined.
@item nargs
Optional; an integer from 0 to 9, specifying the number of arguments
@@ -9671,38 +9717,54 @@ arguments. If you redefine a command, the new version can have a
different number of arguments than the old version.
@item optargdefault
+@cindex optional arguments, defining and using
+@cindex arguments, optional, defining and using
Optional; if this argument is present then the first argument of
@code{\@var{cmd}} is optional, with default value @var{optargdefault}
-(which may be the empty string). If @var{optargsdefault} is not present
+(which may be the empty string). If @var{optargdefault} is not present
then @code{\@var{cmd}} does not take an optional argument.
-@cindex positional parameter
-That is, if @code{\@var{cmd}} is used with square brackets, as in
-@code{\@var{cmd}[@var{optval}]@{...@}...}, then within @var{defn} the
-parameter@tie{}@code{#1} is set to the value of @var{optval}. On the
-other hand, if @code{\@var{cmd}} is called without the square brackets
-then within @var{defn} the parameter @code{#1} is set to the value of
-@var{optargdefault}. In either case, the required arguments start with
-@code{#2}.
-
-Omitting @code{[@var{optargdefault}]} is different from having the
-square brackets with no contents, as in @code{[]}. The former sets
-@code{#1} to the value of @var{optargdefault}; the latter sets @code{#1}
-to the empty string.
+That is, if @code{\@var{cmd}} is called with a following argument in
+square brackets, as in @code{\@var{cmd}[@var{optval}]@{...@}...}, then
+within @var{defn} the parameter@tie{}@code{#1} is set to @var{optval}.
+On the other hand, if @code{\@var{cmd}} is called without following
+square brackets then within @var{defn} the parameter @code{#1} is set
+to @var{optargdefault}. In either case, the required arguments start
+with @code{#2}.
+
+Omitting @code{[@var{optargdefault}]} from the definition is entirely
+different from giving the square brackets with empty contents, as in
+@code{[]}. The former says the command being defined takes no
+optional argument, so @code{#1} is the first required argument (if
+@math{@var{nargs} @geq{} 1}); the latter sets the optional argument
+@code{#1} to the empty string as the default, if no optional argument
+was given in the call.
+
+Similarly, omitting @code{[@var{optval}]} from a call is also entirely
+different from giving the square brackets with empty contents. The
+former sets @code{#1} to the value of @var{optval} (assuming the
+command was defined to take an optional argument); the latter sets
+@code{#1} to the empty string, just as with any other value.
+
+If a command is not defined to take an optional argument, but is
+called with an optional argument, the results are unpredictable: there
+may be a @LaTeX{} error, there may be incorrect typeset output, or both.
@item defn
+@cindex parameters, substituting
Required; the text to be substituted for every occurrence of
@code{\@var{cmd}}. The parameters @code{#1}, @code{#2},
-... @code{#@var{nargs}} are replaced by the values that you supply when
-you call the command (or by the default value if there is an optional
-argument and you don't exercise the option).
+@dots{}, @code{#@var{nargs}} are replaced by the values supplied when
+the command is called (or by @var{optargdefault} in the case of an
+optional argument not specified in the call, as just explained).
@end table
+@cindex blanks, after control sequences
@TeX{} ignores blanks in the source following a control word
-(@pxref{Control sequences}), as in @samp{\cmd }. If you actually want a
-space there, one solution is to type @code{@{@}} after the command
-(@samp{\cmd@{@} }, and another solution is to use an explicit control
+(@pxref{Control sequences}), as in @samp{\cmd }. If you want a space
+there, one solution is to type @code{@{@}} after the command
+(@samp{\cmd@{@} }), and another solution is to use an explicit control
space (@samp{\cmd\ }).
A simple example of defining a new command:
@@ -9710,14 +9772,15 @@ A simple example of defining a new command:
replaced by the longer text. Redefining an existing command is similar:
@code{\renewcommand@{\qedsymbol@}@{@{\small QED@}@}}.
-If you try to define a command and the name has already been used then
-you get something like @samp{LaTeX Error: Command \fred already
-defined. Or name \end... illegal, see p.192 of the manual}. If you try
-to redefine a command and the name has not yet been used then you get
-something like @samp{LaTeX Error: \hank undefined}.
+If you use @code{\newcommand} and the command name has already been
+used then you get something like @samp{LaTeX Error: Command \fred
+already defined. Or name \end... illegal, see p.192 of the manual}.
+Similarly, If you use @code{\renewcommand} and the command name has
+not been defined then you get something like @samp{LaTeX Error: \hank
+undefined}.
Here the first definition creates a command with no arguments, and the
-second, one with one required argument.
+second, a command with one required argument:
@example
\newcommand@{\student@}@{Ms~O'Leary@}
@@ -9753,12 +9816,12 @@ I employ \lawyers[Howe]@{Dewey@}@{Cheatem@}.
@end example
@noindent
-The output is @samp{I employ Dewey, Cheatem, and Howe}. The optional
-argument, the @code{Howe}, is associated with @code{#1}, while
+The output is @samp{I employ Dewey, Cheatem, and Howe.}. The optional
+argument, @code{Howe}, is associated with @code{#1}, while
@code{Dewey} and @code{Cheatem} are associated with @code{#2}
and@tie{}@code{#3}. Because of the optional argument,
-@code{\lawyers@{Dewey@}@{Cheatem@}} will give the output @samp{I employ
-Dewey, Cheatem, and company}.
+@code{\lawyers@{Dewey@}@{Cheatem@}} will give the output @samp{I
+employ Dewey, Cheatem, and company.}.
The braces around @var{defn} do not define a group, that is, they do not
delimit the scope of the result of expanding @var{defn}. For example,
@@ -9769,9 +9832,9 @@ The \shipname@{Monitor@} met the \shipname@{Merrimac@}.
@end example
@noindent
-the words @samp{met the} would incorrectly be in italics. The solution
-is to put another pair of braces inside the definition:
-@code{\newcommand@{\shipname@}[1]@{@{\it #1@}@}}.
+the words @samp{met the}, and the period, would incorrectly be in
+italics. The solution is to put another pair of braces inside the
+definition: @code{\newcommand@{\shipname@}[1]@{@{\it #1@}@}}.
@menu
* Control sequences:: Control sequence, control word and control symbol.
@@ -9780,33 +9843,40 @@ is to put another pair of braces inside the definition:
@node Control sequences
@subsection Control sequence, control word and control symbol
-When reading input @TeX{} converts the sequences of read characters into
-a sequence of @dfn{tokens}. When @TeX{} sees a backslash @code{\}, it
-will handle the following characters in a special way in order to make a
+@cindex control sequences
+
+When reading input @TeX{} converts the stream of read characters into a
+sequence of @dfn{tokens}. When @TeX{} sees a backslash @code{\}, it will
+handle the following characters in a special way in order to make a
@dfn{control sequence} token.
The control sequences fall into two categories:
@itemize
@item
+@cindex control word, defined
@dfn{control word}, when the control sequence is gathered from a
-@code{\} followed by at least one ASCII letter, followed by at least one
-blank. The sequence of at least one ASCII letter is called the
-@dfn{control sequence name}.
+@code{\} followed by at least one ASCII letter (@code{A-Z} and
+@code{a-z}), followed by at least one non-letter.
+
@item
+@cindex control symbol, defined
@dfn{control symbol}, when the control sequence is gathered from a
@code{\} followed by one non-letter character.
@end itemize
+The sequence of characters so found after the @code{\} is also called
+the @dfn{control sequence name}.
+
Blanks after a control word are ignored and do not produce any
whitespace in the output (@pxref{\newcommand & \renewcommand} and
@ref{\(SPACE)}).
-Just as the @code{\relax} command does nothing, the following will print
-@samp{Hello!}@inlinefmt{tex,---where we used visible spaces
-@samp{@visiblespace{}} instead of blanks,}@inlinefmt{info,---if you use
-the Emacs info viewer@comma{} turn on the whitespace-mode minor mode to
-see the trailing spaces}:
+Just as the @code{\relax} command does nothing, the following input
+will simply print @samp{Hello!} @inlinefmt{tex,We use visible
+spaces @samp{@visiblespace{}} instead of blanks}@inlinefmt{info, (if
+you use the Emacs info viewer@comma{} turn on the @code{whitespace-mode}
+minor mode to see the trailing spaces)}:
@example
Hel\relax@visiblespace{}@visiblespace{}@visiblespace{}
@@ -9814,7 +9884,7 @@ Hel\relax@visiblespace{}@visiblespace{}@visiblespace{}
@end example
@noindent
-This is because blanks after @code{\relax}, including the newline are
+This is because blanks after @code{\relax}, including the newline, are
ignored, and blanks at the beginning of a line are also ignored
(@pxref{Leading blanks}).
@@ -9853,13 +9923,18 @@ From \myaffiliation.
@end example
@noindent
-outputs @samp{From Saint Michael's College}. Unlike @code{\newcommand},
-the repeated use of @code{\providecommand} does not give an error.
-
+outputs @samp{From Saint Michael's College.}. Unlike
+@code{\newcommand}, the repeated use of @code{\providecommand} to (try
+to) define @code{\myaffiliation} does not give an error.
@node \makeatletter & \makeatother
@section @code{\makeatletter} & @code{\makeatother}
+@anchor{\makeatletter}
+@anchor{\makeatother}
+@findex \makeatother
+@findex \makeatother
+
Synopsis:
@example
@@ -10134,6 +10209,8 @@ The allocation of a box is global.
@node \newenvironment & \renewenvironment
@section @code{\newenvironment} & @code{\renewenvironment}
+@anchor{\newenvironment}
+@anchor{\renewenvironment}
@findex \newenvironment
@findex \renewenvironment
@cindex environments, defining
@@ -10543,6 +10620,8 @@ to @code{\protect\(..\protect\)}.
@node \ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend
@section @code{\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend}
+@anchor{\ignorespaces}
+@anchor{\ignorespacesafterend}
@findex \ignorespaces
@findex \ignorespacesafterend
@cindex spaces, ignore around commands
@@ -10564,7 +10643,7 @@ or
Both commands cause @LaTeX{} to ignore blanks (that is, characters of
catcode@tie{}10 such as space or tabulation) after the end of the
command up to the first box or non-blank character. The first is a
-command from plain @TeX{}, and the second is @LaTeX{}-specific.
+primitive command of @TeX{}, and the second is @LaTeX{}-specific.
The @code{\ignorespaces} is often used when defining commands via
@code{\newcommand}, or @code{\newenvironment}, or @code{\def}. The
@@ -10675,7 +10754,7 @@ braces or else there would be no space separating @samp{Vermont} from
@code{\ } for this. @xref{\(SPACE)}.)
The @package{xspace} package provides @code{\xspace}. It is for writing
-commands which are designed to be used mainly in text. It must be place
+commands which are designed to be used mainly in text. It must be placed
at the very end of the definition of these commands. It inserts a space
after that command unless what immediately follows is in a list of
exceptions. In this example, the empty braces are not needed.
@@ -11016,6 +11095,9 @@ not influence references; that is, it does not define the current
@node \day & \month & \year
@section @code{\day} & @code{\month} & @code{\year}
+@anchor{\day}
+@anchor{\month}
+@anchor{\year}
@findex \day
@findex \month
@findex \year
@@ -11214,12 +11296,12 @@ PostScript and many desktop publishing systems.
@item mm
@cindex millimeter
@anchor{units of length mm}
-Millimeter, 2.845 pt
+Millimeter, 2.845@dmn{pt}
@item cm
@cindex centimeter
@anchor{units of length cm}
-Centimeter, 10 mm
+Centimeter, 10@dmn{mm}
@item dd
@cindex didot point
@@ -11634,12 +11716,12 @@ of some one or other of their daughters.
``have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?''
@end example
-A paragraph separator is made of a sequence of at least one blank
-line, at least one of which is not terminated by a comment. A blank
-line is a line that is empty or made only of blank characters such as
-space or tab. Comments in source code are started with a @code{%} and
-span up to the end of line. In the following example the two columns
-are identical:
+A paragraph separator can be made of a sequence of at least one blank
+line, at least one of which is not terminated by a comment. A blank line
+is a line that is empty or made only of blank characters such as space
+or tab. Comments in source code are started with a @code{%} and span up
+to the end of line. In the following example the two columns are
+identical:
@example
\documentclass[twocolumn]@{article@}
@@ -11762,9 +11844,10 @@ there is an empty horizontal space of 3@tie{}inches and then
@node \indent & \noindent
@section @code{\indent} & @code{\noindent}
+@anchor{\indent}
+@anchor{\noindent}
@findex \indent
@findex \noindent
-@findex \parindent
@cindex indent, forcing
Synopsis:
@@ -11813,6 +11896,7 @@ The data
\noindent shows this clearly.
@end example
+@findex \parindent
To omit indentation in the entire document put
@code{\setlength@{\parindent@}@{0pt@}} in the preamble. If you do that,
you may want to also set the length of spaces between paragraphs,
@@ -11827,6 +11911,8 @@ look on CTAN for the package @package{indentfirst}.
@node \parindent & \parskip
@section @code{\parindent} & @code{\parskip}
+@anchor{\parindent}
+@anchor{\parskip}
@findex \parindent
@findex \parskip
@cindex paragraph indentation
@@ -12050,6 +12136,8 @@ see their documentation on CTAN.
@node Subscripts & superscripts
@section Subscripts & superscripts
+@anchor{superscript}
+@anchor{subscript}
@cindex superscript
@cindex subscript
@findex ^ @r{superscript}
@@ -12099,8 +12187,9 @@ for the exponent.
subscript on a subscript, or supers on subs, or subs on supers. So,
expressions such as @code{e^@{x^2@}} and @code{x_@{i_0@}} give correct
output. Note the use in those expressions of curly braces to give the
-@var{base} a determined @var{exp}. If you enter @code{\(3^3^3\)} then
-you get @samp{Double superscript}.
+@var{base} a determined @var{exp}. If you enter @code{\(3^3^3\)}, this
+interpreted as @code{\(3^@{3@}^@{3@}\)} and then you get @TeX{} error
+@samp{Double superscript}.
@LaTeX{} does the right thing when something has both a subscript and a
superscript. In this example the integral has both. They come out in
@@ -12113,7 +12202,7 @@ the correct place without any author intervention.
@end example
@noindent
-Note the parentheses around @code{x=a} to make the entire expression a
+Note the curly braces around @code{x=a} to make the entire expression a
subscript.
To put a superscript or subscript before a symbol, use a construct like
@@ -12123,7 +12212,7 @@ attaching to a prior symbols.
Using the subscript or superscript character outside of math mode or
display math mode, as in @code{the expression x^2}, will get you
-the error @samp{Missing $ inserted}.
+the @TeX{} error @samp{Missing $ inserted}.
@PkgIndex{mhchem}
A common reason to want subscripts outside of a mathematics mode is to
@@ -12216,11 +12305,12 @@ union@tie{}@code{\cup}.
@BES{2A02,\bigotimes} Variable-sized, or n-ary, circled times operator (operator).
@item \bigtriangledown
-@BES{25BD,\bigtriangledown} Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle pointing down
-(operator).
+@BES{25BD,\bigtriangledown} Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle
+pointing down (binary). Synonym: @var{\varbigtriangledown}.
@item \bigtriangleup
-@BES{25B3,\bigtriangleup} Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle pointing up (operator).
+@BES{25B3,\bigtriangleup} Variable-sized, or n-ary, open triangle
+pointing up (binary). Synonym: @var{\varbigtriangleup}.
@item \bigsqcup
@BES{2A06,\bigsqcup} Variable-sized, or n-ary, square union (operator).
@@ -13025,7 +13115,7 @@ Dollar sign in math mode: $.
Paragraph sign (pilcrow) in math mode, @BES{00B6,\P}.
@item \mathsection
-Section sign in math mode @BES{00A7,\S}.
+Section sign in math mode: @BES{00A7,\S}.
@item \mathsterling
Sterling sign in math mode: @pounds{}.
@@ -13126,10 +13216,12 @@ For commutative diagrams there are a number of packages, including
@node \boldmath & \unboldmath
@subsection @code{\boldmath} & @code{\unboldmath}
-@cindex boldface mathematics
-@cindex symbols, boldface
+@anchor{\boldmath}
+@anchor{\unboldmath}
@findex \boldmath
@findex \unboldmath
+@cindex boldface mathematics
+@cindex mathematics, boldface
Synopsis (used in paragraph mode or LR mode):
@@ -13148,9 +13240,9 @@ or
@findex \unboldmath
Declarations to change the letters and symbols in @var{math} to be in
a bold font, or to countermand that and bring back the regular
-(non-bold) default. They must be used when not in math mode or display
-math mode (@pxref{Modes}). Both commands are fragile
-(@pxref{\protect}).
+(non-bold) default, respectively. They must be used when @emph{not} in
+math mode or display math mode (@pxref{Modes}). Both commands are
+fragile (@pxref{\protect}).
In this example each @code{\boldmath} command takes place inside an
@code{\mbox},
@@ -13161,20 +13253,34 @@ we have $\mbox@{\boldmath \( v \)@} = 5\cdot\mbox@{\boldmath \( u \)$@}$
@noindent
which means @code{\boldmath} is only called in a text mode, here LR
-mode, and explains why @LaTeX{} must switch to math mode to set @code{v}
-and @code{u}.
+mode, and explains why we must switch @LaTeX{} into math mode to set
+@code{v} and @code{u}.
If you use either command inside math mode, as with @code{Trouble: \(
\boldmath x \)}, then you get something like @samp{LaTeX Font Warning:
-Command \boldmath invalid in math mode on input line 11} and @samp{LaTeX
-Font Warning: Command \mathversion invalid in math mode on input line
-11}.
+Command \boldmath invalid in math mode} and @samp{LaTeX Font Warning:
+Command \mathversion invalid in math mode}.
-@PkgIndex{bm}
-There are many issues with @code{\boldmath}. New documents should use
-the @package{bm} package provided by the @LaTeX{} Project team. A complete
-description is outside the scope of this document (see the full
-documentation on CTAN) but even this small example
+@menu
+* bm:: The @package{bm} package for individual bold symbols.
+* OpenType bold math:: @code{FakeBold} or @code{\symbf}.
+@end menu
+
+@node bm
+@subsubsection @package{bm}: Individual bold math symbols
+
+@PkgIndex{bm}
+@cindex symbols, boldface
+
+@c https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/974
+Specifying @code{\boldmath} is the best method for typesetting a whole
+math expression in bold. But to typeset individual symbols within an
+expression in bold, the @package{bm} package provided by the @LaTeX{}
+Project team is better. Its usage is outside the scope of this
+document (see its documentation at @url{https://ctan.org/pkg/bm} or in
+your installation) but the spacing in the output of this small example
+will show that it is an improvement over @code{\boldmath} within an
+expression:
@example
\usepackage@{bm@} % in preamble
@@ -13182,9 +13288,38 @@ documentation on CTAN) but even this small example
we have $\bm@{v@} = 5\cdot\bm@{u@}$
@end example
-@noindent
-shows that it is an improvement over @code{\boldmath}.
+@node OpenType bold math
+@subsubsection OpenType bold math
+
+@PkgIndex{fontspec}
+
+Unfortunately, when using the Unicode engines (Xe@LaTeX{},
+Lua@LaTeX{}), neither @code{\boldmath} nor @package{bm} usually work
+well, because the OpenType math fonts normally used with those engines
+rarely come with a bold companion, and both @code{\boldmath} and
+@package{bm} require this. (The implementation of @package{bm} relies
+on @code{\boldmath}, so the requirements are the same.) If you do have
+a bold math font, though, then @code{\boldmath} and @package{bm} work
+fine.
+
+If no such font is available, one alternative is to construct fake
+bold fonts with the @package{fontspec} package's @code{FakeBold=1}
+parameter (see its documentation,
+@url{https://ctan.org/pkg/fontspec}). This may be acceptable for
+drafting or informal distribution, but the results are far from a true
+bold font.
+@PkgIndex{unicode-math}
+@findex \symbf
+@findex \symbfit
+Another alternative to handling bold for OpenType math fonts is to use
+the @code{\symbf} (bold), @code{\symbfit} (bold italic), and related
+commands from the @package{unicode-math} package. These do not change
+the current font, but rather change the (Unicode) ``alphabet'' used,
+which in practice is more widely supported than a separate bold font.
+Many variations are possible, and so there are subtleties to getting the
+desired output. As usual, see the package documentation
+(@url{https://ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math}).
@node Blackboard bold
@subsection Blackboard bold
@@ -13214,8 +13349,9 @@ Here
the @code{\mathbb@{N@}} gives blackboard bold symbol @BES{2115,\mathbbN},
representing the natural numbers.
-If you use other than an uppercase letter then you do not get an error
-but you get strange results, including unexpected characters.
+If the argument contains something other than an uppercase letter, you
+do not get an error but you do get strange results, including
+unexpected characters.
There are packages that give access to symbols other than just the
capital letters; look on CTAN.
@@ -13329,13 +13465,15 @@ same behavior.
@node \left & \right
@subsubsection @code{\left} & @code{\right}
+@anchor{\left}
+@anchor{\right}
+@findex \left
+@findex \right
@cindex delimiters, paired
@cindex paired delimiters
@cindex matching parentheses
@cindex matching brackets
@cindex null delimiter
-@findex \left
-@findex \right
@c Credit: SE userPhilipp https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/12793
@@ -13372,7 +13510,7 @@ can't use `\eqno' in math mode}.
@PkgIndex{mathtools}
However, @var{delimiter1} and @var{delimiter2} need not match. A common
case is that you want an unmatched brace, as below. Use a period,
-@samp{.}, as a null delimiter.
+@samp{.}, as a @dfn{null delimiter}.
@example
\begin@{equation@}
@@ -13476,6 +13614,11 @@ To size the delimiters manually, see@tie{}@ref{\bigl & \bigr etc.}.
@node \bigl & \bigr etc.
@subsubsection @code{\bigl}, @code{\bigr}, etc.
+@anchor{\bigl}
+@anchor{\bigr}
+@findex \bigl
+@findex \bigr
+
Synopsis, one of:
@example
@@ -13623,14 +13766,15 @@ usage.
@anchor{ellipses ldots}
@item \ldots
+@itemx \mathellipsis
+@itemx \dots
Ellipsis on the baseline, @BES{2026,\ldots}. Used as: @code{\(
-x_0,\ldots x_@{n-1@} \)}. Another example is the above array example. A
-synonym is @code{\mathellipsis}. A synonym from the @package{amsmath}
-package is @code{\hdots}.
+x_0,\ldots x_@{n-1@} \)}. Another example is the above array example.
+Synonyms are @code{\mathellipsis} and @code{\dots}. A synonym from
+the @package{amsmath} package is @code{\hdots}.
You can also use this command outside of mathematical text, as in
-@code{The gears, brakes, \ldots@{@} are all broken}. (In a paragraph
-mode or LR mode a synonym for @code{\ldots} is @code{\dots}.)
+@code{The gears, brakes, \ldots@{@} are all broken}.
@anchor{ellipses vdots}
@item \vdots
@@ -13653,6 +13797,10 @@ Observe that \( p_0\cdot p_1 \dots \cdot p_@{n-1@} +1 \) is not a
Conclusion: there are infinitely many primes \( p_0, p_1, \dotsc \).
@end example
+@findex \dotsc
+@findex \dotsb
+@findex \dotsi
+@findex \dots
@noindent
In the first line @LaTeX{} looks to the comma following @code{\dots} to
determine that it should output an ellipsis on the baseline. The second
@@ -13665,6 +13813,26 @@ the ellipses that fits when the dots are followed by a binary operator
or relation symbol, @code{\dotsi} for dots with integrals, or
@code{\dotso} for others.
+@c https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/976
+@PkgIndex{unicode-math}
+The @code{\dots} command from @package{amsmath} differs from the
+@LaTeX{} kernel's @code{\dots} command in another way: it outputs a
+thin space after the ellipsis. Furthermore, the @package{unicode-math}
+package automatically loads @package{amsmath}, so @package{amsmath}'s
+@code{\dots} may be active even when you did not explicitly load it,
+thus changing the output from @code{\dots} in both text and math mode.
+
+@cindex ellipsis, in Unicode (U+2026)
+@cindex ellipsis, traditional (three periods)
+Yet more about the ellipsis commands: when running under Unicode
+engines (@code{lualatex}, @code{xelatex}), @LaTeX{} will use the
+Unicode ellipsis character (U+2026) in the font if it's available;
+under traditional @TeX{} engines (@code{pdflatex}, @code{latex}), it
+will typeset three spaced periods. Generally, the Unicode
+single-character ellipsis has almost no space between the three
+periods, while the spacing of the non-Unicode ellipsis is looser, more
+in accordance with traditional typography.
+
@node Greek letters
@subsection Greek letters
@@ -13775,7 +13943,7 @@ Angle between the real axis and a point in the complex plane
@item \bmod
Binary modulo operator, used as in @code{\( 5\bmod 3=2 \)}
@iftex
-@math{5 \bmod 3}
+@math{5 \bmod 3 = 2}
@end iftex
@item \cos
@@ -13845,7 +14013,7 @@ Homomorphism
@end iftex
@item \inf
-Infinum
+Infimum
@iftex
@math{\inf}
@end iftex
@@ -13935,7 +14103,6 @@ Hyperbolic sine
@end iftex
@item \sup
-@iftex
Supremum
@iftex
@math{\mathop {\rm sup}}
@@ -13962,13 +14129,14 @@ Hyperbolic tangent
@end ftable
@PkgIndex{amsmath}
-The @package{amsmath} package adds improvements on some of these, and also
-allows you to define your own. The full documentation is on CTAN, but
-briefly, you can define an identity operator with
+The @package{amsmath} package adds improvements on some of these, and
+also allows you to define your own. The full documentation is on CTAN,
+but briefly, you can define an identity operator with
@code{\DeclareMathOperator@{\identity@}@{id@}} that is like the ones
above but prints as @samp{id}. The starred form
-@code{\DeclareMathOperator*@{\op@}@{op@}} sets any limits above and
-below, as is traditional with @code{\lim}, @code{\sup}, or @code{\max}.
+@code{\DeclareMathOperator*@{\op@}@{op@}} sets any superscript or
+subscript to be above and below, as is traditional with @code{\lim},
+@code{\sup}, or @code{\max}.
@node Math accents
@@ -13986,7 +14154,7 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text
@cindex acute accent, math
Math acute accent
@iftex
-@math{\acute{x}}.
+@math{\acute{x}}
@end iftex
@item \bar
@@ -14124,8 +14292,8 @@ Put a brace under @var{math}. For example, this
@ifset HAS-MATH
The result looks like this: @math{(1-\underbrace{1/2)+(1/2}-1/3)}.
@end ifset
-Attach text to the brace by using subscript, @code{_}, or superscript,
-@code{^}, as here.
+Attach text to the brace by using the subscript command, @code{_}, or
+superscript, @code{^}, as here.
@example
\begin@{displaymath@}
@@ -14344,6 +14512,13 @@ control over smashing a subformula box.
@node \phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom
@subsection @code{\phantom} & @code{\vphantom} & @code{\hphantom}
+@anchor{\phantom}
+@anchor{\vphantom}
+@anchor{\hphantom}
+@findex \phantom
+@findex \vphantom
+@findex \hphantom
+
@cindex spacing, math mode
@cindex horizontal spacing
@cindex vertical spacing
@@ -14569,11 +14744,12 @@ some that don't fit into other categories.
@end menu
-@node Colon character & \colon
+@node Colon character & \colon
@subsection Colon character @code{:} & @code{\colon}
+@anchor{colon}
@cindex colon character
-@findex : @r{for math}
+@findex : @r{(for math)}
@findex \colon
Synopsis, one of:
@@ -14666,11 +14842,12 @@ argument @var{root-number} gives the root, i.e., enter the cube root of
@ifset HAS-MATH
It comes out like this: @math{\root 3 \of {x+y}}.
@end ifset
-The radical grows with the size of @var{arg} (as the height of the
-radical grows, the angle on the leftmost part gets steeper, until for
-a large enough @code{arg}, it is vertical).
+The size of the radical grows with that of @var{arg} (as the height of
+the radical grows, the angle on the leftmost part gets steeper, until
+for a tall enough @code{arg}, it is vertical).
-@LaTeX{} has a separate @code{\surd} character (@pxref{Math symbols}).
+@LaTeX{} has a separate @code{\surd} symbol for making a square root
+without @var{arg} (@pxref{Math symbols}).
@node \stackrel
@@ -14680,7 +14857,7 @@ a large enough @code{arg}, it is vertical).
@cindex relation, text above
@findex \stackrel
-Synopsis, one of:
+Synopsis:
@example
\stackrel@{@var{text}@}@{@var{relation}@}
@@ -14724,7 +14901,7 @@ making a box with an @code{\mbox} command. As in paragraph mode,
in paragraph mode, in LR mode @LaTeX{} never starts a new line, it just
keeps going from left to right. (Although @LaTeX{} will not complain
that the LR box is too long, when it is finished and next tries to put
-that box into a line, it could very well complain that the finished LR
+that box into a line, it might well complain that the finished LR
box won't fit there.)
@item
@@ -14820,8 +14997,8 @@ special pages such as the title page of a book, a page from an index, or
the first page of an article.
@PkgIndex{fancyhdr}
-The package @package{fancyhdr} is very helpful for constructing page
-styles. See its documentation on CTAN.
+The package @package{fancyhdr} is commonly used for constructing page
+styles. See its documentation.
@menu
* \maketitle:: Generate a title page.
@@ -14880,8 +15057,8 @@ the following declarations. These must come before the
@ftable @code
@item \author@{@var{name1} \and @var{name2} \and ...@}
@cindex author, for titlepage
-@findex \\ @r{for @code{\author}}
-@findex \and @r{for @code{\author}}
+@findex \\ @r{(for @code{\author})}
+@findex \and @r{(for @code{\author})}
Required. Declare the document author or authors. The argument is a
list of authors separated by @code{\and} commands. To separate lines
within a single author's entry, for instance to give the author's
@@ -14901,17 +15078,17 @@ To have no date, instead use @code{\date@{@}}.
@cindex credit footnote
Optional. Produce a footnote. You can use it in the author information
for acknowledgements as illustrated above, but you can also use it in
-the title, or any place a footnote makes sense. It can be any text at
-all so you can use it for any purpose, such as to print an email
+the title, or any place a footnote mark makes sense. It can be any text
+at all so you can use it for any purpose, such as to print an email
address.
@item \title@{@var{text}@}
@cindex title, for titlepage
-@findex \\ @r{for @code{\title}}
+@findex \\ @r{(for @code{\title})}
Required. Declare @var{text} to be the title of the document. Get line
breaks inside @var{text} with a double backslash, @code{\\}. If you
-omit the @code{\title} declaration then you get @samp{LaTeX Error: No
-\title given}.
+omit the @code{\title} declaration then the @code{\maketitle} command
+yields error @samp{LaTeX Error: No \title given}.
@end ftable
@@ -14937,11 +15114,13 @@ Synopsis:
Specifies the style of page numbers, and resets the page number. The
numbering style is reflected on the page, and also in the table of
contents and other page references. This declaration has global scope
-so its effect is not delimited by braces or environments.
+so its effect is not stopped by an end of group such as a closing brace
+or an end of environment.
-In this example, before the Main section the pages are numbered
-@samp{a}, etc. Starting on the page containing that section, the pages
-are numbered @samp{1}, etc.
+In this example, before the @samp{Main} section the pages are numbered
+@samp{a}, etc. Starting on the page containing the
+@code{\pagenumbering} call in that section, the pages are numbered
+@samp{1}, etc.
@example
\begin@{document@}\pagenumbering@{alph@}
@@ -15071,8 +15250,8 @@ title of the last subsection to start, that is, the one in effect during
the right hand page.
To accomplish this, in a two-sided article, @LaTeX{} has @code{\section}
-issue a command @code{\markboth}, setting @code{\leftmark}
-to @samp{Section@tie{}2} and setting @code{\rightmark} to blank.
+issue a command @code{\markboth}, setting @code{\leftmark} to
+@samp{Section@tie{}2} and setting @code{\rightmark} to an empty content.
And, @LaTeX{} has @code{\subsection} issue a command @code{\markright},
setting @code{\rightmark} to @samp{Subsection@tie{}2.1}, etc.
@@ -15088,7 +15267,7 @@ command before the end of the page. A right hand page heading
@code{\markright} that comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by
the last one that came before that page.
-@item \markright@{@var{right}@}
+@item \markright@{@var{right-head}@}
Sets the right hand page heading, leaving the left unchanged.
@end ftable
@@ -15169,6 +15348,9 @@ Vertical space
@node \enspace & \quad & \qquad
@section @code{\enspace} & @code{\quad} & @code{\qquad}
+@anchor{\enspace}
+@anchor{\quad}
+@anchor{\qquad}
@findex \enspace
@findex \quad
@findex \qquad
@@ -15485,6 +15667,7 @@ Examples are @code{Nat.\ Acad.\ Science}, and @code{Mr.~Bean}, and
@anchor{\frenchspacing}@c old node name
@subsection @code{\frenchspacing} & @code{\nonfrenchspacing}
+@anchor{\nonfrenchspacing}
@findex \frenchspacing
@findex \nonfrenchspacing
@cindex spacing, inter-sentence
@@ -15696,6 +15879,8 @@ Vall\'ee~Poussin}.
@node \thinspace & \negthinspace
@section @code{\thinspace} & @code{\negthinspace}
+@anchor{\thinspace}
+@anchor{\negthinspace}
@findex \thinspace
@findex \negthinspace
@cindex thin space
@@ -15797,6 +15982,8 @@ done in a different way.
@node \hrulefill & \dotfill
@section @code{\hrulefill} & @code{\dotfill}
+@anchor{\hrulefill}
+@anchor{\dotfill}
@findex \hrulefill
@findex \dotfill
@@ -15866,6 +16053,13 @@ The line is 4@dmn{cm} long.
@node \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip
@section @code{\bigskip} & @code{\medskip} & @code{\smallskip}
+@anchor{\bigskip}
+@anchor{\medskip}
+@anchor{\smallskip}
+@findex \bigskip
+@findex \medskip
+@findex \smallskip
+
Synopsis, one of:
@example
@@ -15929,6 +16123,13 @@ put a page break (@pxref{\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak}.
@node \bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak
@section @code{\bigbreak} & @code{\medbreak} & @code{\smallbreak}
+@anchor{\bigbreak}
+@anchor{\medbreak}
+@anchor{\smallbreak}
+@findex \bigbreak
+@findex \medbreak
+@findex \smallbreak
+
Synopsis, one of:
@example
@@ -15939,7 +16140,8 @@ Synopsis, one of:
Produce a vertical space that is big or medium-sized or small, and
suggest to @LaTeX{} that this is a good place to break the page. (The
-associated penalties are -200, -100, and -50.)
+associated penalties are respectively @minus{}200, @minus{}100, and
+@minus{}50.)
@xref{\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip}, for more. These commands
produce the same vertical space but differ in that they also remove a
@@ -16252,6 +16454,8 @@ One useful adjunct to the commands here is @package{adjustbox}.
@node \mbox & \makebox
@section @code{\mbox} & @code{\makebox}
+@anchor{\mbox}
+@anchor{\makebox}
@findex \mbox
@findex \makebox
@cindex box
@@ -16280,9 +16484,10 @@ the tank name, @samp{T-34}.
The soviet tank \mbox@{T-34@} is a symbol of victory against nazism.
@end example
-The first two command synopsis versions, @code{\mbox} and @code{\makebox}, are
-roughly equivalent. They create a box just wide enough to contain the
-@var{text}. (They are like plain @TeX{}'s @code{\hbox}.)
+The first two command invocations shown, @code{\mbox} and
+@code{\makebox}, are roughly the same. They create a box just wide
+enough to contain the @var{text}. (They are like plain @TeX{}'s
+@code{\hbox}.)
In the third version the optional argument @var{width} specifies the
width of the box. Note that the space occupied by the text need not
@@ -16375,6 +16580,8 @@ and@tie{}@ref{minipage}.
@node \fbox & \framebox
@section @code{\fbox} & @code{\framebox}
+@anchor{\fbox}
+@anchor{\framebox}
@findex \fbox
@findex \framebox
@@ -16597,6 +16804,8 @@ second is the height of @file{meta.png}.
@node \sbox & \savebox
@section @code{\sbox} & @code{\savebox}
+@anchor{\sbox}
+@anchor{\savebox}
@findex \sbox
@findex \savebox
@cindex box, save
@@ -16634,13 +16843,13 @@ One advantage of using and reusing a box register over a
@code{\newcommand} macro variable is efficiency, that @LaTeX{} need not
repeatedly retypeset the contents. See the example below.
-The first two command invocations,
+The first two command invocations shown above,
@code{\sbox@{@var{box-cmd}@}@{@var{text}@}} and
-@code{\savebox@{@var{box-cmd}@}@{@var{text}@}}, are roughly equivalent.
-As to the third and fourth, the optional arguments allow you to specify
-the box width as @var{width}, and the position of the text inside that
-box as @var{position}. @xref{\mbox & \makebox}, for the full
-description.
+@code{\savebox@{@var{box-cmd}@}@{@var{text}@}}, are roughly the same.
+As to the third and fourth, the optional arguments allow you to
+specify the box width as @var{width}, and the position of the text
+inside that box as @var{position}. @xref{\mbox & \makebox}, for the
+full description.
In the @code{\sbox} and @code{\savebox} commands the @var{text} is
typeset in LR mode so it does not have line breaks (@pxref{Modes}). If
@@ -16951,13 +17160,13 @@ or
@example
\color@{@var{name}@}
-\color[@var{color model}]@{@var{specification}@}
+\color[@var{color model}]@{@var{color specification}@}
@end example
The affected text gets the color. This line
@example
-\textcolor@{magenta@}@{My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:@}
+\textcolor@{magenta@}@{My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;@}
Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!
@end example
@@ -17472,9 +17681,8 @@ files in a file with a PostScript style @code{%%BoundingBox} line if no
other format is available.)
@item command
-A command that will be applied to the
-file. This is very often left empty. This command must start with a
-single backward quote. Thus,
+A command that will be applied to the file. This is often left
+empty. This command must start with a single backward quote. Thus,
@code{\DeclareGraphicsRule@{.eps.gz@}@{eps@}@{.eps.bb@}@{`gunzip -c
#1@}} specifies that any file with the extension @file{.eps.gz} should
be treated as an @code{eps} file, with the BoundingBox information
@@ -18146,8 +18354,8 @@ font circumflex use @code{\^@{@}}. To get a backslash in the font of
the text body, enter @code{\textbackslash@{@}}.
To produce the reserved characters in a typewriter font use
-@code{\verb!!} as below (the double backslash@tie{}@code{\\} is only
-there to split the lines in the output).
+@code{\verb!!} as below (the double backslash@tie{}@code{\\} in the
+example is only there to split the lines in the output).
@example
\begin@{center@}
@@ -18252,7 +18460,7 @@ visible space at 32 decimal could also be written as
@cindex text symbols
@cindex symbols, text
-@findex textcomp @r{package}
+@PkgIndex{textcomp}
@cindex TS1 encoding
@LaTeX{} provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols
in running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are
@@ -18301,11 +18509,12 @@ The @LaTeX{}2e logo.
Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French.
@item \ldots
-@itemx \dots
@itemx \textellipsis
+@itemx \dots
@cindex ellipsis
-@dots{} An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): @code{\ldots}
-and @code{\dots} also work in math mode.
+@dots{} An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): @code{\ldots} and
+@code{\dots} also work in math mode (@pxref{Dots}). See that math
+mode ellipsis description for additional general information.
@item \lq
@cindex left quote
@@ -18364,7 +18573,15 @@ The @TeX{} logo.
@item \textbackslash
@cindex backslash, in text
-\ Backslash.
+\ Backslash. However, @code{\texttt@{\textbackslash@}} produces a roman
+(not typewriter) backslash by default; for a typewriter backslash, it
+is necessary to use the T1 (or other non-default) font encoding, as
+in:
+
+@example
+\usepackage[T1]@{fontenc@}
+@end example
+@c https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/824
@item \textbar
@cindex vertical bar, in text
@@ -18385,12 +18602,14 @@ The @TeX{} logo.
@item \textbraceleft
@cindex left brace, in text
@cindex brace, left, in text
-@{ Left brace.
+@{ Left brace. See remarks at @code{\textbackslash} above about
+making @code{\texttt@{\textbraceleft@}} produce a typewriter brace.
@item \textbraceright
@cindex right brace, in text
@cindex brace, right, in text
-@} Right brace.
+@} Right brace. See remarks at @code{\textbackslash} above about
+making @code{\texttt@{\textbraceright@}} produce a typewriter brace.
@item \textbullet
@cindex bullet, in text
@@ -18674,7 +18893,7 @@ Related to this, @code{\underbar@{@var{text}@}} produces a bar under
@var{text}. The argument is always processed in LR mode
(@pxref{Modes}). The bar is always a fixed position under the baseline,
thus crossing through descenders. See also @code{\underline} in
-@ref{Math miscellany}.
+@ref{Over- and Underlining}.
@item \c
@itemx \capitalcedilla
@@ -19170,6 +19389,8 @@ This allows you, for instance, to close an @code{\if...} with a
@node \include & \includeonly
@section @code{\include} & @code{\includeonly}
+@anchor{\include}
+@anchor{\includeonly}
@findex \include
@findex \includeonly
@@ -20636,7 +20857,7 @@ such as @code{\chapter} that make no sense in a letter are turned off.
Each @code{letter} environment body typically ends with a
@code{\closing} command such as @code{\closing@{Yours,@}}.
-@findex \\ @r{for letters}
+@findex \\ @r{(for letters)}
Additional material may come after the @code{\closing}. You can say who
is receiving a copy of the letter with a command like @code{\cc@{the
Boss \\ the Boss's Boss@}}. There's a similar @code{\encl} command for
@@ -21012,6 +21233,10 @@ And, you can issue instructions for the operating system.
@node \openin & \openout
@section @code{\openin} & @code{\openout}
+@anchor{\openin}
+@anchor{\openout}
+@anchor{\closein}
+@anchor{\closeout}
@findex \openin
@findex \openout
@findex \closein
@@ -21553,7 +21778,7 @@ This sequence (on Unix)
...
\newcommand@{\fignum@}@{1@}
\immediate\write18@{cd pix && asy figure\fignum@}
-\includegraphics@{pix\figure\fignum.pdf@}
+\includegraphics@{pix/figure\fignum.pdf@}
@end example
@noindent
@@ -21675,8 +21900,8 @@ such as hyperlinks, support for modern image formats such as JPG and
PNG, and ubiquitous viewing programs. In short, if you run
@command{pdflatex} or @command{xelatex} or @command{lualatex} then you
will by default get PDF and have access to all its modern features.
-If you run @command{latex}, or @code{dvilualatex}, then you will get
-DVI. The description here assumes pdf@LaTeX{}.
+If you run @command{latex}, or @command{dvilualatex}, then you will get
+DVI. The description here assumes @command{pdflatex}.
@xref{Command line options}, for a selection of the most useful
command line options. As to @var{argument}, the usual case is that it