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-% Copyright 2019 by Till Tantau and Mark Wibrow
-%
-% This file may be distributed and/or modified
-%
-% 1. under the LaTeX Project Public License and/or
-% 2. under the GNU Free Documentation License.
-%
-% See the file doc/generic/pgf/licenses/LICENSE for more details.
-
-
-\section{Circuit Libraries}
-\label{section-library-circuits}
-
-\emph{Written and documented by Till Tantau, and Mark Wibrow. Inspired
-by the work of Massimo Redaelli.}
-
-
-\subsection{Introduction}
-
-The circuit libraries can be used to draw different kinds of electrical or
-logical circuits. There is not a single library for this, but a whole hierarchy
-of libraries that work in concert. The main design goal was to create a balance
-between ease-of-use and ease-of-extending, while creating high-quality
-graphical representations of circuits.
-%
-\begin{codeexample}[setup code,hidden]
-\tikzset{
- % from `shape` library
- shape example/.style= {color = black!30,
- draw,
- fill = yellow!30,
- line width = .5cm,
- inner xsep = 2.5cm,
- inner ysep = 0.5cm}
-}
-\end{codeexample}
-
-
-\subsubsection{A First Example}
-
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC,x=3cm,y=2cm,semithick,
- every info/.style={font=\footnotesize},
- small circuit symbols,
- set resistor graphic=var resistor IEC graphic,
- set diode graphic=var diode IEC graphic,
- set make contact graphic= var make contact IEC graphic]
- % Let us start with some contacts:
- \foreach \contact/\y in {1/1,2/2,3/3.5,4/4.5,5/5.5}
- {
- \node [contact] (left contact \contact) at (0,\y) {};
- \node [contact] (right contact \contact) at (1,\y) {};
- }
- \draw (right contact 1) -- (right contact 2) -- (right contact 3)
- -- (right contact 4) -- (right contact 5);
-
- \draw (left contact 1) to [diode] ++(down:1)
- to [voltage source={near start,
- direction info={volt=3}},
- resistor={near end,ohm=3}] ++(right:1)
- to (right contact 1);
- \draw (left contact 1) to [resistor={ohm=4}] (right contact 1);
- \draw (left contact 1) to [resistor={ohm=3}] (left contact 2);
- \draw (left contact 2) to [voltage source={near start,
- direction info={<-,volt=8}},
- resistor={ohm=2,near end}] (right contact 2);
- \draw (left contact 2) to [resistor={near start,ohm=1},
- make contact={near end,info'={[red]$S_1$}}]
- (left contact 3);
- \draw (left contact 3) to [current direction'={near start,info=$\iota$},
- resistor={near end,info={$R=4\Omega$}}]
- (right contact 3);
- \draw (left contact 4) to [voltage source={near start,
- direction info={<-,volt=8}},
- resistor={ohm=2,near end}] (right contact 4);
- \draw (left contact 3) to [resistor={ohm=1}] (left contact 4);
- \draw (left contact 4) to [resistor={ohm=3}] (left contact 5);
- \draw (left contact 5) to [resistor={ohm=4}] (right contact 5);
- \draw (left contact 5) to [diode] ++(up:1)
- to [voltage source={near start,
- direction info={volt=3}},
- resistor={near end,ohm=3}] ++(right:1)
- to (right contact 5);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
-An important feature of the |circuits| library is that the appearance of a
-circuit can be configured in general ways and that the labels are placed
-automatically by default. Here is the graphic once more, generated from
-\emph{exactly the same source code}, with only the options of the
-|{tikzpicture}| environment replaced by
-|[rotate=-90,circuit ee IEC,x=3.25cm,y=2.25cm]|:
-%
-\begin{tikzpicture}[rotate=-90,circuit ee IEC,x=3cm,y=2.25cm]
- % Let us start with some contacts:
- \foreach \contact/\y in {1/1,2/2,3/3.5,4/4.5,5/5.5}
- {
- \node [contact] (left contact \contact) at (0,\y) {};
- \node [contact] (right contact \contact) at (1,\y) {};
- }
- \draw (right contact 1) -- (right contact 2) -- (right contact 3)
- -- (right contact 4) -- (right contact 5);
-
- \draw (left contact 1) to [diode] ++(down:1)
- to [voltage source={near start,direction info={volt=3}},
- resistor={near end,ohm=3}] ++(right:1)
- to (right contact 1);
- \draw (left contact 1) to [resistor={ohm=4}] (right contact 1);
- \draw (left contact 1) to [resistor={ohm=3}] (left contact 2);
- \draw (left contact 2) to [voltage source={near start,
- direction info={<-,volt=8}},
- resistor={ohm=2,near end}] (right contact 2);
- \draw (left contact 2) to [resistor={near start,ohm=1},
- make contact={near end,info'={[red]$S_1$}}] (left contact 3);
- \draw (left contact 3) to [current direction'={near start,info=$\iota$},
- resistor={near end,info={$R=4\Omega$}}]
- (right contact 3);
- \draw (left contact 4) to [voltage source={near start,
- direction info={<-,volt=8}},
- resistor={ohm=2,near end}] (right contact 4);
- \draw (left contact 3) to [resistor={ohm=1}] (left contact 4);
- \draw (left contact 4) to [resistor={ohm=3}] (left contact 5);
- \draw (left contact 5) to [resistor={ohm=4}] (right contact 5);
- \draw (left contact 5) to [diode] ++(up:1)
- to [voltage source={near start,direction info={volt=3}},
- resistor={near end,ohm=3}] ++(right:1)
- to (right contact 5);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Symbols}
-
-A circuit typically consists of numerous electronic elements like logical gates
-or resistors or diodes that are connected by wires. In \pgfname/\tikzname, we
-use nodes for the electronic elements and normal lines for the wires.
-\tikzname\ offers a large number of different ways of positioning and
-connecting nodes in general, all of which can be used here. Additionally, the
-|circuits| library defines an additional useful |to|-path that is particularly
-useful for elements like a resistor on a line.
-
-There are many different names that are used to refer to electrical
-``elements'', so a bit of terminology standardization is useful: We will call
-such elements \emph{symbols}. A \emph{symbol shape} is a \pgfname\ shape
-declared using the |\pgfdeclareshape| command. A \emph{symbol node} is a node
-whose shape is a symbol shape.
-
-
-\subsubsection{Symbol Graphics}
-
-Symbols can be created by |\node[shape=some symbol shape]|. However, in order
-to represent some symbols correctly, just using standard \pgfname\ shapes is
-not sufficient. For instance, most symbols have a visually appealing ``default
-size'', but the size of a symbol shape depends only on the current values of
-parameters like |minimum height| or |inner xsep|.
-
-For these reasons, the circuit libraries introduce the concept of a
-\emph{symbol graphic}. This is a style that causes a |\node| to not only have
-the correct shape, but also the correct size and the correct path usage. More
-generally, this style may set up things in any way so that the ``symbol looks
-correct''. When you write, for instance, |\node[diode]|, then the style called
-|diode graphic| is used, which in turn is set to something like
-|shape=diode IEC,draw,minimum height=...|.
-
-Here is an overview of the different kinds of circuit libraries:
-%
-\begin{itemize}
- \item The \tikzname-library |circuits| defines general keys for creating
- circuits. Mostly, these keys are useful for defining more specialized
- libraries.
-
- You normally do not use this library directly since it does not define
- any symbol graphics.
- \item The \tikzname-library |circuits.logic| defines keys for creating
- logical gates like and-gates or xor-gates. However, this library also
- does not actually define any symbol graphics; this is done by two
- sublibraries:
- %
- \begin{itemize}
- \item The library |circuits.logic.US| defines symbol graphics that
- cause the logical gates to be rendered in the ``US-style''. It
- includes all of the above libraries and you can use this
- library directly.
- \item The library |circuits.logic.IEC| also defines symbol graphics
- for logical gates, but it uses rectangular gates rather that
- the round US-gates. This library can coexist peacefully with
- the above library, you can change which symbol graphics are
- used ``on the fly''.
- \end{itemize}
- \item The \tikzname-library |circuits.ee| defines keys for symbols from
- electrical engineering like resistors or capacitors. Again,
- sublibraries define the actual symbol graphics.
- %
- \begin{itemize}
- \item The library |circuits.ee.IEC| defines symbol shapes that
- follow the IEC norm.
- \end{itemize}
- \item The \pgfname-libraries |shapes.gates.*| define (circuit) symbol
- shapes. However, you normally do not use these shapes directly, rather
- you use a style that uses an appropriate symbol graphic, which in turn
- uses one of these shapes.
-\end{itemize}
-
-Let us have a look at a simple example. Suppose we wish to create a logical
-circuit. Then we first have to decide which symbol graphics we would like to
-use. Suppose we wish to use the US-style, then we would include the library
-|circuits.logic.US|. If you wish to use IEC-style symbols, use
-|circuits.logic.IEC|. If you cannot decide, include both:
-%
-\begin{codeexample}[code only]
-\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.US,circuits.logic.IEC}
-\end{codeexample}
-%
-To create a picture that contains a US-style circuit you can now use the option
-|circuit logic US|. This will set up keys like |and gate| to create use an
-appropriate symbol graphic for rendering an |and gate|. Using the
-|circuit logic IEC| instead will set up |and gate| to use another symbol
-graphic.
-%
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.US}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit logic US]
- \matrix[column sep=7mm]
- {
- \node (i0) {0}; & & \\
- & \node [and gate] (a1) {}; & \\
- \node (i1) {0}; & & \node [or gate] (o) {};\\
- & \node [nand gate] (a2) {}; & \\
- \node (i2) {1}; & & \\
- };
- \draw (i0.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a1.input 1);
- \draw (i1.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a1.input 2);
- \draw (i1.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a2.input 1);
- \draw (i2.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a2.input 2);
- \draw (a1.output) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (o.input 1);
- \draw (a2.output) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (o.input 2);
- \draw (o.output) -- ++(right:3mm);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit logic IEC]
- \matrix[column sep=7mm]
- {
- \node (i0) {0}; & & \\
- & \node [and gate] (a1) {}; & \\
- \node (i1) {0}; & & \node [or gate] (o) {};\\
- & \node [nand gate] (a2) {}; & \\
- \node (i2) {1}; & & \\
- };
- \draw (i0.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a1.input 1);
- \draw (i1.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a1.input 2);
- \draw (i1.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a2.input 1);
- \draw (i2.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a2.input 2);
- \draw (a1.output) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (o.input 1);
- \draw (a2.output) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (o.input 2);
- \draw (o.output) -- ++(right:3mm);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Annotations}
-
-An \emph{annotation} is a little extra drawing that can be added to a symbol.
-For instance, when you add two little parallel arrows pointing away from some
-electrical element, this usually means that the element is light emitting.
-
-Instead of having one symbol for ``diode'' and another for ``light emitting
-diode'', there is just one |diode| symbol, but you can add the |light emitting|
-annotation to it. This is done by passing the annotation as a parameter to the
-symbol as in the following example:
-%
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (0,0) to [diode={light emitting}] (3,0)
- to [resistor={adjustable}] (3,2);
-\end{codeexample}
-
-
-\subsection{The Base Circuit Library}
-
-\begin{tikzlibrary}{circuits}
- This library is a base library that is included by other circuit libraries.
- You do not include it directly, but you will typically use some of the
- general keys, described below.
-\end{tikzlibrary}
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/circuits}
- This key should be passed as an option to a picture or a scope that contains
- a circuit. It will do some internal setups. This key is normally called by
- more specialized keys like |circuit ee IEC|.
-\end{key}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Symbol Size}
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/circuit symbol unit=\meta{dimension} (initially 7pt)}
- This dimension is a ``unit'' for the size of symbols. The libraries
- generally define the sizes of symbols relative to this dimension. For
- instance, the longer side of an inductor is, by default, in the IEC library
- equal to five times this \meta{dimension}. When you change this
- \meta{dimension}, the size of all symbols will automatically change
- accordingly.
-
- Note, that it is still possible to overwrite the size of any particular
- symbol. These settings apply only to the default sizes.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (0,1) to [resistor] (3.5,1);
- \draw[circuit symbol unit=14pt]
- (0,0) to [resistor] (3.5,0);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{key}
-
-\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/huge circuit symbols}
- This style sets the default circuit symbol unit to |10pt|.
-\end{stylekey}
-%
-\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/large circuit symbols}
- This style sets the default circuit symbol unit to |8pt|.
-\end{stylekey}
-%
-\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/medium circuit symbols}
- This style sets the default circuit symbol unit to |7pt|.
-\end{stylekey}
-%
-\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/small circuit symbols}
- This style sets the default circuit symbol unit to |6pt|.
-\end{stylekey}
-%
-\begin{stylekey}{/tikz/tiny circuit symbols}
- This style sets the default circuit symbol unit to |5pt|.
-\end{stylekey}
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/circuit symbol size=|width| \meta{width} |height| \meta{height}}
- This key sets |minimum height| to \meta{height} times the current value of
- the circuit symbol unit and the |minimum width| to \meta{width} times this
- value. Thus, this option can be used with a node command to set the size of
- the node as a multiple of the circuit symbol unit.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (0,1) to [resistor] (2,1) to[inductor] (4,1);
-
- \begin{scope}
- [every resistor/.style={circuit symbol size=width 3 height 1}]
- \draw (0,0) to [resistor] (2,0) to[inductor] (4,0);
- \end{scope}
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{key}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Declaring New Symbols}
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/circuit declare symbol=\meta{name}}
- This key is used to declare a symbol. It does not cause this symbol to be
- shown nor does it set a graphic to be used for the symbol, it simply
- ``prepares'' several keys that can later be used to draw a symbol and to
- configure it.
-
- In detail, the first key that is defined is just called \meta{name}. This
- key should be given as an option to a |node| or on a |to| path, as
- explained below. The key will take options, which can be used to influence
- the way the symbol graphic is rendered.
-
- Let us have a look at an example. Suppose we want to define a symbol called
- |foo|, which just looks like a simple rectangle. We could then say
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[code only]
-\tikzset{circuit declare symbol=foo}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- The symbol could now be used like this:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[code only]
- \node [foo] at (1,1) {};
- \node [foo={red}] at (2,1) {};
-\end{codeexample}
-
- However, in the above example we would not actually see anything since we
- have not yet set up the graphic to be used by |foo|. For this, we must use
- a key called |set foo graphic| or, generally, |set| \meta{name} |graphic|.
- This key gets graphic options as parameter that will be set when a symbol
- |foo| should be shown:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- [circuit declare symbol=foo,
- set foo graphic={draw,shape=rectangle,minimum size=5mm}]
-
- \node [foo] at (1,1) {};
- \node [foo={red}] at (2,1) {};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
- In detail, when you use the key \meta{name}=\meta{options} with a node, the
- following happens:
- %
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item The |inner sep| is set to |0.5pt|.
- \item The following style is executed:
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every circuit symbol}
- Use this style to set up things in general.
- \end{stylekey}
- \item The graphic options that have been set using |set| \meta{name}
- |graphic| are set.
- \item The style |every |\meta{name} is executed. You can use it to
- configure the symbol further.
- \item The \meta{options} are executed.
- \end{enumerate}
-
- The key \meta{name} will have a different effect when it is used on a |to|
- path command inside a |circuit| environment (the |circuit| environment sets
- up |to| paths in such a way that the use of a key declared using
- |circuit declare symbol| is automatically detected). When \meta{name} is
- used on a |to| path, the above actions also happen (setting the inner
- separation, using the symbol graphic, and so on), but they are passed to
- the key |circuit handle symbol|, which is explained next.
-\end{key}
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/circuit handle symbol=\meta{options}}
- This key is mostly used internally. Its purpose is to render a symbol. The
- effect of this key differs, depending on whether it is used as the optional
- argument of a |to| path command or elsewhere.
-
- If the key is not used as an argument of a |to| path command, the
- \meta{options} are simply executed.
-
- The more interesting case happens when the key is given on a |to| path
- command. In this case, several things happen:
- %
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item The |to| path is locally changed and set to an internal path
- (which you should not try to change) that consists mostly of a
- single straight line.
- \item The \meta{options} are tentatively executed with filtering
- switched on. Everything is filtered out, except for the key |pos|
- and also the styles |at start|, |very near start|, |near start|,
- |midway|, |near end|, |very near end|, and |at end|. If none of
- them is found, |midway| is used.
- \item The filtered option is used to determine a position for the
- symbol on the path. At the given position (with |pos=0|
- representing the start and |pos=1| representing the end), a node
- will be added to the path (in a manner to be described presently).
- \item This node gets \meta{options} as its option list.
- \item The node is added by virtue of a special |markings| decoration.
- This means that a |mark| command is executed that causes the node
- to be placed as a mark on the path.
- \item The marking decoration will automatically subdivide the path and
- cause a line to be drawn from the start of the path to the node's
- border (at the position that lies on a line from the node's center
- to the start of the path) and then from the node's border (at a
- position on the other side of the node) to the end of the path.
- \item The marking decoration will also take care of the case that
- multiple marks are present on a path, in this case the lines from
- and to the borders of the nodes are only between consecutive nodes.
- \item The marking decoration will also rotate the coordinate system in
- such a way that the $x$-axis points along the path. Thus, if you
- use the |transform shape| option, the node will ``point along'' the
- path.
- \item In case a node is at |pos=0| or at |pos=1| some special code will
- suppress the superfluous lines to the start or end of the path.
- \end{enumerate}
-
- The net effect of all of the above is that a node will be placed ``on the
- path'' and the path will have a ``gap'' just large enough to encompass the
- node. Another effect is that you can use this key multiple times on a path
- to add several node to a path, provided they do not overlap.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit]
- \draw (0,0) to [circuit handle symbol={draw,shape=rectangle,near start},
- circuit handle symbol={draw,shape=circle,near end}] (3,2);
- \end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[transform shape,circuit]
- \draw (0,0) to [circuit handle symbol={draw,shape=rectangle,at start},
- circuit handle symbol={draw,shape=circle,near end}] (3,2);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{key}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Pointing Symbols in the Right Direction}
-
-Unlike normal nodes, which generally should not be rotated since this will make
-their text hard to read, symbols often need to be rotated. There are two ways
-of achieving such rotations:
-%
-\begin{enumerate}
- \item When you place a symbol on a |to| path, the graphic symbol is
- automatically rotated such that it ``points along the path''. Here is
- an examples that shows how the inductor shape (which looks, unrotated,
- like this: \tikz[circuit ee IEC]\node[inductor]{};) is automatically
- rotated around:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (3,0) to[inductor] (1,0) to[inductor] (0,2);
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- \item Many shapes cannot be placed ``on'' a path in this way, namely
- whenever there are more than two possible inputs. Also, you may wish to
- place the nodes first, possibly using a matrix, and connect them
- afterwards. In this case, you can simply add rotations like |rotate=90|
- to the shapes to rotate them. The following four keys make this
- slightly more convenient:
- %
- \begin{key}{/tikz/point up}
- This is the same as |rotate=90|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC] \node [diode,point up] {};
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{key}
- %
- \begin{key}{/tikz/point down}
- This is the same as |rotate=-90|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC] \node [diode,point down] {};
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{key}
- %
- \begin{key}{/tikz/point left}
- This is the same as |rotate=-180|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC] \node [diode,point left] {};
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{key}
- %
- \begin{key}{/tikz/point right}
- This key has no effect.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC] \node [diode,point right] {};
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{key}
-\end{enumerate}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Info Labels}
-
-Info labels are used to add text to a circuit symbol. Unlike normal nodes like
-a rectangle, circuit symbols typically do not have text ``on'' them, but the
-text is placed next to them (like the text ``$3\,\Omega$'' next to a resistor).
-
-\tikzname\ already provides the |label| option for this purpose. The |info|
-option is built on top of this option, but it comes in some predefined variants
-that are especially useful in conjunction with circuits.
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/info=\opt{|[|\meta{options}|]|\meta{angle}|:|}\meta{text}}
- This key has nearly the same effect as the |label| key, only the following
- style is used additionally automatically:
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every info}
- Set this style to configure the styling of info labels. Since this
- key is \emph{not} used with normal labels, it provides an easy way
- of changing the way info labels look without changing other
- labels.
- \end{stylekey}
- %
- The \meta{options} and \meta{angle} are passed directly to the |label|
- command.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC,every info/.style=red]
- \node [resistor,info=$3\Omega$] {};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
- You will find a detailed discussion of the |label| option on
- page~\pageref{label-option}.
-
- Hint: To place some text \emph{on} the main node, use |center| as the
- \meta{angle}:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC,every info/.style=red]
- \node [resistor,info=center:$3\Omega$] {};
- \node [resistor,point up,info=center:$R_1$] at (2,0) {};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{key}
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/info'=\opt{|[|\meta{options}|]|\meta{angle}|:|}\meta{text}}
- This key works exactly like the |info| key, only in case the \meta{angle}
- is missing, it defaults to |below| instead of the current value of
- |label position|, which is usually |above|. This means that when you use
- |info|, you get a label above the node, while when you use the |info'| key
- you get a label below the node. In case the node has been rotated, the
- positions of the info nodes are rotated accordingly.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC,every info/.style=red]
- \draw (0,0) to[resistor={info={$3\Omega$},info'={$R_1$}}] (3,0)
- to[resistor={info={$4\Omega$},info'={$R_2$}}] (3,2);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{key}
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/info sloped=\opt{|[|\meta{options}|]|\meta{angle}|:|}\meta{text}}
- This key works like |info|, only the |transform shape| option is set when
- the label is drawn, causing it to follow the sloping of the main node.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC,every info/.style=red]
- \draw (0,0) to[resistor={info sloped={$3\Omega$}}] (3,0)
- to[resistor={info sloped={$4\Omega$}}] (3,2);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{key}
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/info' sloped=}
- This is a combination of |info'| and |info sloped|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC,every info/.style=red]
- \draw (0,0) to[resistor={info' sloped={$3\Omega$}}] (3,0)
- to[resistor={info' sloped={$4\Omega$}}] (3,2);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{key}
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/circuit declare unit=\marg{name}\marg{unit}}
- This key is used to declare keys that make it easy to attach physical units
- to nodes. The idea is that instead of |info=$3\Omega$| you can write
- |ohm=3| or instead of |info'=$5\mathrm{S}$| you can write |siemens'=5|.
-
- In detail, four keys are defined, namely |/tikz/|\meta{name},
- |/tikz/|\meta{name}|'|, |/tikz/|\meta{name} |sloped|, and
- |/tikz/|\meta{name}|'| |sloped|. The arguments of all of these keys are of
- the form \opt{|[|\meta{options}|]|\meta{angle}|:|}\meta{value} and it is
- passed (slightly modified) to the corresponding key |info|, |info'|, |info|
- |sloped|, or |info'| |sloped|. The ``slight modification'' is the
- following: The text that is passed to the, say, |info| key is not
- \meta{value}, but rather |$\mathrm{|\meta{value}\meta{unit}|}$|
-
- This means that after you said |circuit declare unit={ohm}{\Omega}|, then
- |ohm=5k| will have the same effect as
- |info={[every ohm]$\mathrm{5k\Omega}$}|. Here, |every ohm| is a style that
- allows you to configure the appearance of this unit. Since the |info| key
- is used internally, by changing the |every info| style, you can change the
- appearance of all units infos.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC,circuit declare unit={my ohm}{O}]
- \draw (0,0) to[resistor={my ohm' sloped=3}] (3,2);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{key}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Declaring and Using Annotations}
-
-Annotations are quite similar to info labels. The main difference is that they
-generally cause something to be drawn by default rather than some text to be
-added (although an annotation might also add some text).
-
-Annotations can be declared using the following key:
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/circuit declare annotation=\marg{name}\marg{distance}\marg{path}}
- This key is used to declare an annotation named \meta{name}. Once declared,
- it can be used as an argument of a symbol and will add the drawing in
- \meta{path} to the symbol. In detail, the following happens:
-
-
- \textbf{The Main Keys.}
- Two keys called \meta{name} and \meta{name}|'| are defined. The second
- causes the annotation to be ``mirrored and placed on the other side'' of
- the symbol. Both of these keys may also take further keys as parameter like
- |info| keys. Whenever the \meta{name} key is used, a local scope is opened
- and in this scope the following things are done:
- %
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item The style |every| \meta{name} is executed.
- \item The following style is executed and then |arrows=->|:
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/annotation arrow}
- This style should set the |>| key to some desirable arrow tip.
- \end{stylekey}
- \item The coordinate system is shifted such that the origin is at the
- north anchor of the symbol. (For the \meta{name}|'| key the
- coordinate system is flipped and shifted such that the origin is at
- the south anchor of the symbol.)
- \item The |label distance| is locally set to \meta{distance}.
- \item The parameter options given to the \meta{name} key are executed.
- \item The \meta{path} is executed.
- \end{enumerate}
-
-
- \textbf{Usage.}
- What all of the above amounts to is best explained by an example. Suppose
- we wish to create an annotation that looks like a little circular arrow
- (like \tikz \draw [->] (0,0) arc (-270:80:1ex);). We could then say:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[code only]
-\tikzset{circuit declare annotation=
- {circular annotation}
- {9pt}
- {(0pt,8pt) arc (-270:80:3.5pt)}
-}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- We can then use it like this:
- %
-\tikzset{circuit declare annotation=
- {circular annotation}
- {8pt}
- {(0pt,8pt) arc (-270:80:3.5pt)}
-}
-\begin{codeexample}[
- preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}
- pre={\tikzset{circuit declare annotation=
- {circular annotation}
- {8pt}
- {(0pt,8pt) arc (-270:80:3.5pt)}
-}}]
-\tikz[circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (0,0) to [resistor={circular annotation}] (3,0);
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- Well, not very impressive since we do not see anything. This is due to the
- fact that the \meta{path} becomes part of a path that contains the symbol
- node an nothing else. This path is not drawn or filled, so we do not see
- anything. What we must do is to use an |edge| path operation:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikzset{circuit declare annotation={circular annotation}{9pt}
- {(0pt,8pt) edge[to path={arc(-270:80:3.5pt)}] ()}
-}
-\tikz[circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (0,0) to [resistor={circular annotation}] (3,0)
- to [capacitor={circular annotation'}] (3,2);
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- The \meta{distance} is important for the correct placement of additional
- |info| labels. When an annotation is present, the info labels may need to
- be moved further away from the symbol, but not always. For this reason, an
- annotation defines an additional \meta{distance} that is applied to all
- info labels given as parameters to the annotation. Here is an example, that
- shows the difference:
- %
-\tikzset{circuit declare annotation={circular annotation}{9pt}
- {(0pt,8pt) edge[to path={arc (-270:80:3.5pt)}] ()}
-}
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}
- pre={\tikzset{circuit declare annotation=
- {circular annotation}
- {8pt}
- {(0pt,8pt) arc (-270:80:3.5pt)}
-}}]
-\tikz[circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (0,0) to [resistor={circular annotation,ohm=5}] (2,0)
- to [resistor={circular annotation={ohm=5}}] (4,0);
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{key}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Theming Symbols}
-\label{section-theming-symbols}
-
-For each symbol, a certain graphical representation is chosen to actually show
-the symbol. You can modify this graphical representation in several ways:
-%
-\begin{itemize}
- \item You can select a different library and use a different |circuit ...|
- key. This will change all graphics used for the symbols.
- \item You can generally change the size of graphic symbols by setting
- |circuit size unit| to a different value or using a key like
- |small circuit symbols|.
- \item You can add options to the graphics used by symbols either globally
- by setting the |every circuit| |symbol| style or locally by setting the
- |every| \meta{name} style, where \meta{name} is the name of a symbol.
- For instance, in the following picture the symbols are ridiculously
- thick and resistors are red.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- [circuit ee IEC,
- every circuit symbol/.style={ultra thick},
- every resistor/.style={red}]
-
- \draw (0,0) to [inductor] ++(right:3) to [resistor] ++(up:2);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- \item You can selectively change the graphic used for a symbol by saying
- |set resistor graphic=|.
- \item You can change one or more of the following styles:
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/circuit symbol open (initially draw)}
- This style is used with symbols that consist of lines that surround
- some area. For instance, the IEC version of a resistor is an open
- symbol.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC,
- circuit symbol open/.style={thick,draw,fill=yellow}]
- \draw (0,0) to [inductor] ++(right:3) to [resistor] ++(up:2);
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{stylekey}
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/circuit symbol filled (initially {draw,fill=black})}
- This style is used with symbols that are completely filled. For
- instance, the variant IEC version of an inductor is a filled, black
- rectangle.
- \end{stylekey}
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/circuit symbol lines (initially draw)}
- This style is used with symbols that consist only of lines that do
- not surround anything. Examples are a capacitor.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC,
- circuit symbol lines/.style={thick,draw=red}]
- \draw (0,0) to [capacitor] ++(right:3) to [resistor] ++(up:2);
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{stylekey}
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/circuit symbol wires (initially draw)}
- This style is used for symbols that consist only of ``wires''. The
- difference to the previous style is that a symbol consisting of
- wires will look strange when the lines are thicker than the lines
- of normal wires, while for symbols consisting of lines (but not
- wires) it may look nice to make them thicker. An example is the
- |make contact| symbol.
-
- Compare
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC,circuit symbol lines/.style={draw,very thick}]
- \draw (0,0) to [capacitor={near start},
- make contact={near end}] (3,0);
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- to
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC,circuit symbol wires/.style={draw,very thick}]
- \draw (0,0) to [capacitor={near start},
- make contact={near end}] (3,0);
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{stylekey}
-\end{itemize}
-
-All circuit environments like |circuit logic IEC| mainly use options like
-|set and gate graphic=...| to set up the graphics used for a certain symbol. It
-turns out that graphic hidden in the ``|...|'' part is also always available as
-a separate style, whose name contains the library's initials. For instance, the
-|circuit logic IEC| option actually contains the following command:
-%
-\begin{codeexample}[code only]
- set and gate graphic = and gate IEC graphic,
-\end{codeexample}
-%
-The |and gate IEC graphic| style, in turn, is defined as follows:
-%
-\begin{codeexample}[code only]
-\tikzset{and gate IEC graphic/.style=
- {
- circuit symbol open,
- circuit symbol size=width 2.5 height 4,
- shape=and gate IEC,
- inner sep=.5ex
- }
-}
-\end{codeexample}
-
-Normally, you do not need to worry about this, since you will not need to
-access a style like |and gate IEC graphic| directly; you will only use the
-|and gate| key. However, sometimes libraries define \emph{variants} of a
-graphic; for instance, there are two variants for the resistor graphic in the
-IEC library. In this case you can set the graphic for the resistor to this
-variant (or back to the original) by saying |set resistor graphic| yourself:
-%
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC]
- % Standard resistor
- \draw (0,2) to [resistor] (3,2);
-
- % Var resistor
- \begin{scope}[set resistor graphic=var resistor IEC graphic]
- \draw (0,1) to [resistor] (3,1);
-
- % Back to original
- \draw [set resistor graphic=resistor IEC graphic]
- (0,0) to [resistor] (3,0);
- \end{scope}
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
-
-\subsection{Logical Circuits}
-
-\subsubsection{Overview}
-
-A \emph{logical circuit} is a circuit that contains what we call \emph{logical
-gates} like an |and gate| or an |xor gate|. The logical libraries are intended
-to make it easy to draw such circuits.
-
-In the following, we first have a look at the different libraries that can be
-used in principle and how the symbols look like. Then we have a more detailed
-look at how the symbols are used. Finally, we discuss the implementation
-details.
-
-There are different ways of depicting logical gates, which is why there are
-different (sub-)libraries for drawing them. They provide the necessary
-graphical representations of the symbols declared in the following library:
-
-\begin{tikzlibrary}{circuits.logic}
- This library declares the logical gate symbols, but does not provide the
- symbol graphics. The library also defines the following key which, however,
- is also only used indirectly, namely by other libraries:
- %
- \begin{key}{/tikz/circuit logic}
- This style calls the keys |circuit| (which internally calls
- |every circuit|, then it defines the |inputs| key and it calls the
- |every circuit logic| key.
- %
- \begin{key}{/tikz/inputs=\meta{inputs}}
- This key is defined only inside the scope of a |circuit logic|.
- There, it has the same effect as |logic gate inputs|, described on
- page~\pageref{logic-gate-inputs}.
- \end{key}
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every circuit logic}
- Use this key to configure the appearance of logical circuits.
- \end{stylekey}
- \end{key}
-\end{tikzlibrary}
-
-Since the |circuits.logic| library does not define any actual graphics, you need
-to use one of the following libraries, instead:
-
-\begin{tikzlibrary}{circuits.logic.IEC}
- This library provides graphics based on gates recommended by the
- International Electrotechnical Commission. When you include this library,
- you can use the following key to set up a scope that contains a logical
- circuit where the gates are shown in this style.
-
- \begin{key}{/tikz/circuit logic IEC}
- This key calls |circuit logic| and installs the IEC-like graphics for
- the logical symbols like |and gate|.
-
- As explained in Section~\ref{section-theming-symbols}, for each graphic
- symbol of the library there is also a style that stores this particular
- appearance. These keys are called |and gate IEC graphic|,
- |or gate IEC graphic|, and so on.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit logic IEC,
- every circuit symbol/.style={
- logic gate IEC symbol color=black,
- fill=blue!20,draw=blue,very thick}]
- \matrix[column sep=7mm]
- {
- \node (i0) {0}; & & \\
- & \node [and gate] (a1) {}; & \\
- \node (i1) {0}; & & \node [or gate] (o) {};\\
- & \node [nand gate] (a2) {}; & \\
- \node (i2) {1}; & & \\
- };
- \draw (i0.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a1.input 1);
- \draw (i1.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a1.input 2);
- \draw (i1.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a2.input 1);
- \draw (i2.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a2.input 2);
- \draw (a1.output) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (o.input 1);
- \draw (a2.output) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (o.input 2);
- \draw (o.output) -- ++(right:3mm);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{key}
-\end{tikzlibrary}
-
-\begin{tikzlibrary}{circuits.logic.US}
- This library provides graphics showing ``American'' logic gates. It defines
- the following key:
-
- \begin{key}{/tikz/circuit logic US}
- This style calls |circuit logic| and installs US-like graphics for the
- logical symbols like |and gate|. For instance, it says
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[code only]
-set and gate graphic = and gate US graphic
-\end{codeexample}
-
- Here is an example:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.CDH}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit logic CDH,
- tiny circuit symbols,
- every circuit symbol/.style={
- fill=white,draw}]
- \matrix[column sep=7mm]
- {
- \node (i0) {0}; & & \\
- & \node [and gate] (a1) {}; & \\
- \node (i1) {0}; & & \node [or gate] (o) {};\\
- & \node [nand gate] (a2) {}; & \\
- \node (i2) {1}; & & \\
- };
- \draw (i0.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a1.input 1);
- \draw (i1.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a1.input 2);
- \draw (i1.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a2.input 1);
- \draw (i2.east) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (a2.input 2);
- \draw (a1.output) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (o.input 1);
- \draw (a2.output) -- ++(right:3mm) |- (o.input 2);
- \draw (o.output) -- ++(right:3mm);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{key}
-\end{tikzlibrary}
-
-\begin{tikzlibrary}{circuits.logic.CDH}
- This library provides graphics based on the logic symbols used in A. Croft,
- R. Davidson, and M. Hargreaves (1992), \emph{Engineering Mathematics},
- Addison-Wesley, 82--95. They are identical to the US-style symbols, except
- for the and- and nand-gates.
-
- \begin{key}{/tikz/circuit logic CDH}
- This key calls |circuit logic US| and installs the two special and- and
- nand-gates, that is, it uses |set and gate graphic| with
- |and gate CDH graphic| and likewise for nand-gates.
- \end{key}
-\end{tikzlibrary}
-
-Inside |circuit logic XYZ| scopes, you can now use the keys shown in
-Section~\ref{section-logic-symbols}. We have a more detailed look at one of
-them, all the other work the same way:
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/and gate}
- This key should be passed to a |node| command. It will cause the node to
- ``look like'' an |and gate|, where the exact appearance of the gate is
- dictated by the which circuit environment is used. To further configure the
- appearance of the |and gate|, see Section~\ref{section-theming-symbols}.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit logic IEC] \node [and gate] {$A$};
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.US}}]
-\tikz [circuit logic US]
-{
- \node [and gate,point down] {$A$};
- \node [and gate,point down,info=center:$A$] at (1,0) {};
-}
-\end{codeexample}
-
- \medskip\textbf{Inputs.}
- Multiple inputs can be specified for a logic gate (provided they support
- multiple inputs: a not gate -- also known as an inverter -- does not).
- However, there is an upper limit for the number of inputs which has been
- set to 1024, which should be \emph{way} more than would ever be needed.
-
- The following key is used to configure the inputs. It is available only
- inside a |circuit logic| environment.
-
- \begin{key}{/tikz/inputs=\meta{input list} (initially \char`\{normal,normal\char`\})}
- If a gate has $n$ inputs, the \meta{input list} should consists of $n$
- letters, each being |i| for ``inverted'' or |n| for ``normal''.
- Inverted gates will be indicated by a little circle. In any case the
- anchors for the inputs will be set up appropriately, numbered from top
- to bottom |input 1|, |input 2|, \ldots and so on. If the gate only
- supports one input the anchor is simply called |input| with no
- numerical index.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit logic IEC]
- \node[and gate,inputs={inini}] (A) {};
- \foreach \a in {1,...,5}
- \draw (A.input \a -| -1,0) -- (A.input \a);
- \draw (A.output) -- ++(right:5mm);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{key}
-
- (This key is just a shorthand for |logic gate inputs|, described in detail
- on page~\pageref{logic-gate-inputs}. There you will also find descriptions
- of how to configure the size of the inverted circles and the way the symbol
- size increases when there are too many inputs.)
-
- \textbf{Output.}
- Every logic gate has one anchor called |output|.
-\end{key}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Symbols: The Gates}
-\label{section-logic-symbols}
-
-The following table shows which symbols are declared by the main
-|circuits.logic| library and their appearance in the different sublibraries.
-\medskip
-
-\def\gateexamples#1{%
- \texttt{#1}
- \indexkey{#1} &
- \tikz[baseline,circuit logic IEC] \node[#1,label=] {}; &
- \tikz[baseline,circuit logic US] \node[#1] {}; &
- \tikz[baseline,circuit logic CDH] \node[#1] {};
-}
-\begin{tabular}{lccc}
- \emph{Key} & \emph{Appearance inside} & \emph{Appearance inside} & \emph{Appearance inside} \\
- & |circuit logic IEC| & |circuit logic US| & |circuit logic CDH| \\
- \gateexamples{/tikz/and gate}\\
- \gateexamples{/tikz/nand gate}\\
- \gateexamples{/tikz/or gate}\\
- \gateexamples{/tikz/nor gate}\\
- \gateexamples{/tikz/xor gate}\\
- \gateexamples{/tikz/xnor gate}\\
- \gateexamples{/tikz/not gate}\\
- \gateexamples{/tikz/buffer gate}
-\end{tabular}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Implementation: The Logic Gates Shape Library}
-
-The previous sections described the \tikzname\ interface for creating logical
-circuits. In this section we take a closer look at the underlying \pgfname\
-libraries.
-
-Just as there are several \tikzname\ circuit libraries, there are two
-underlying \pgfname\ shape libraries, one for creating US-style gates and one
-for IEC-style gates. These libraries define \emph{shapes} only. It is the job
-of the circuit libraries to ``theme'' them so that they ``look nice''. However,
-in principle, you can also use these shapes directly.
-
-Let us begin with the base library that defines the handling of inputs.
-
-\begin{pgflibrary}{shapes.gates.logic}
- This library defines common keys used by all logical gate shapes.
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/logic gate inputs=\meta{input list} (initially \char`\{normal,normal\char`\})}
- \label{logic-gate-inputs}%
- Specify the inputs for the logic gate. The keyword |inverted| indicates
- an inverted input which will mean \pgfname{} will draw a circle
- attached to the main shape of the logic gate. Any keyword that is not
- |inverted| will be treated as a ``normal'' or ``non-inverted'' input
- (however, for readability, you may wish to use |normal| or
- |non-inverted|), and \pgfname{} will not draw the circle. In both cases
- the anchors for the inputs will be set up appropriately, numbered from
- top to bottom |input 1|, |input 2|, \ldots and so on. If the gate only
- supports one input the anchor is simply called |input| with no
- numerical index.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[minimum height=0.75cm]
- \node[and gate IEC, draw, logic gate inputs={inverted, normal, inverted}]
- (A) {};
- \foreach \a in {1,...,3}
- \draw (A.input \a -| -1,0) -- (A.input \a);
- \draw (A.output) -- ([xshift=0.5cm]A.output);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
- For multiple inputs it may be somewhat unwieldy to specify a long list,
- thus, the following ``shorthand'' is permitted (this is an extension of
- ideas due to Jürgen Werber and Christoph Bartoschek): Using |i| for
- inverted and |n| for normal inputs, \meta{input list} can be specified
- \emph{without the commas}. So, for example, |ini| is equivalent to
- |inverted, normal, inverted|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.US}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[minimum height=0.75cm]
- \node[or gate US, draw,logic gate inputs=inini] (A) {};
- \foreach \a in {1,...,5}
- \draw (A.input \a -| -1,0) -- (A.input \a);
- \draw (A.output) -- ([xshift=0.5cm]A.output);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{key}
-
- The height of the gate may be increased to accommodate the number of
- inputs. In fact, it depends on three variables: $n$, the number of inputs,
- $r$, the radius of the circle used to indicate an inverted input and $s$,
- the distance between the centers of the inputs. The default height is then
- calculated according to the expression $(n+1)\times\max(2r,s)$. This then
- may be increased to accommodate the node contents or any minimum size
- specifications.
-
- The radius of the inverted input circle and the distance between the
- centers of the inputs can be customized using the following keys:
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/logic gate inverted radius=\meta{length} (initially 2pt)}
- Set the radius of the circle that is used to indicate inverted inputs.
- This is also the radius of the circle used for the inverted output of
- the |nand|, |nor|, |xnor| and |not| gates.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.CDH}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[minimum height=0.75cm]
- \tikzset{every node/.style={shape=nand gate CDH, draw, logic gate inputs=ii}}
- \node[logic gate inverted radius=2pt] {A};
- \node[logic gate inverted radius=4pt] at (0,-1) {B};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/logic gate input sep=\meta{length} (initially .125cm)}
- Set the distance between the \emph{centers} of the inputs to the logic
- gate.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[minimum size=0.75cm]
- \draw [help lines] grid (3,2);
- \tikzset{every node/.style={shape=and gate IEC, draw, logic gate inputs=ini}}
- \node[logic gate input sep=0.33333cm] at (1,1)(A) {A};
- \node[logic gate input sep=0.5cm] at (3,1) (B) {B};
- \foreach \a in {1,...,3}
- \draw (A.input \a -| 0,0) -- (A.input \a)
- (B.input \a -| 2,0) -- (B.input \a);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- \end{key}
-
- \pgfname{} will increase the size of the logic gate to accommodate the
- number of inputs, and the size of the inverted radius and the separation
- between the inputs. However with all shapes in this library, any increase
- in size (including any minimum size requirements) will be applied so that
- the default aspect ratio is unaltered. This means that changing the height
- will change the width and vice versa.
-\end{pgflibrary}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Implementation: The US-Style Logic Gates Shape Library}
-
-\begin{pgflibrary}{shapes.gates.logic.US}
- This library provides ``American'' logic gate shapes whose names are
- suffixed with the identifier |US|. Additionally, alternative |and| and
- |nand| gates are provided which are based on the logic symbols used in A.
- Croft, R. Davidson, and M. Hargreaves (1992), \emph{Engineering
- Mathematics}, Addison-Wesley, 82--95. These two shapes are suffixed with
- |CDH|.
-
- The ``compass point'' anchors apply to the main part of the shape and do
- not include any inverted inputs or outputs. This library provides an
- additional feature to facilitate the relative positioning of logic gates:
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/logic gate anchors use bounding box=\meta{boolean} (initially false)}
- When set to |true| this key will ensure that the compass point anchors
- use the bounding rectangle of the main shape, which, ignore any
- inverted inputs or outputs, but includes any |outer sep|. This
- \emph{only} affects the compass point anchors and is not set on a shape
- by shape basis: whether the bounding box is used is determined by value
- of this key when the anchor is accessed.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.US}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[minimum height=1.5cm]
- \node[xnor gate US, draw, gray!50,line width=2pt] (A) {};
- \foreach \x/\y/\z in {false/blue/1pt, true/red/2pt}
- \foreach \a in {north, south, east, west, north east,
- south east, north west, south west}
- \draw[logic gate anchors use bounding box=\x, color=\y]
- (A.\a) circle(\z);
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- \end{key}
-
- The library defines a number of shapes. For each shape the allowed number
- of inputs is also shown:
- %
- \begin{itemize}
- \item |and gate US|, two or more inputs
- \item |and gate CDH|, two or more inputs
- \item |nand gate US|, two or more inputs
- \item |nand gate CDH|, two or more inputs
- \item |or gate US|, two or more inputs
- \item |nor gate US|, two or more Inputs
- \item |xor gate US|, two inputs
- \item |xnor gate US|, two inputs
- \item |not gate US|, one input
- \item |buffer gate US|, one input
- \end{itemize}
-
- In the following, we only have a detailed look at the anchors defined by
- one of them. We choose the |nand gate US| because it shows all the
- ``interesting'' anchors.
-
- \begin{shape}{nand gate US}
- This shape is a nand gate, which supports two or more inputs. If less
- than two inputs are specified an error will result. The anchors for
- this gate with two non-inverted inputs (using the normal compass point
- anchors) are shown below. Anchor |30| is an example of a border anchor.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.US}}]
-\Huge
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- \node[name=s,shape=nand gate US,shape example, inner sep=0cm,
- logic gate inputs={in},
- logic gate inverted radius=.5cm] {Nand Gate\vrule width1pt height2cm};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in
- {center/above, text/above, 30/above right,
- mid/right, mid east/left, mid west/above,
- base/below, base east/below, base west/left,
- north/above, south/below, east/above, west/above,
- north east/above, south east/below, south west/below, north west/above,
- output/right, input 1/above, input 2/below}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
- (For the definition of the |shape example| style, see
- Section~\ref{section-libs-shapes}.)
- \end{shape}
-\end{pgflibrary}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Implementation: The IEC-Style Logic Gates Shape Library}
-
-\begin{pgflibrary}{shapes.gates.logic.IEC}
- This library provides rectangular logic gate shapes. These shapes are
- suffixed with |IEC| as they are based on gates recommended by the
- International Electrotechnical Commission.
-
- By default each gate is drawn with a symbol, $\char`\&$ for |and| and
- |nand| gates, $\geq1$ for |or| and |nor| gates, $1$ for |not| and |buffer|
- gates, and $=1$ for |xor| and |xnor| gates. These symbols are drawn
- automatically (internally they are drawn using the ``foreground'' path),
- and are not strictly speaking part of the node contents. However, the gate
- is enlarged to make sure the symbols are within the border of the node. It
- is possible to change the symbols and their position within the node using
- the following keys:
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/and gate IEC symbol=\meta{text} (initially \char`\\char\char`\`\char`\\\char`\&)}
- Set the symbol for the |and gate|. Note that if the node is filled,
- this color will be used for the symbol, making it invisible, so it will
- be necessary set \meta{text} to something like |\color{black}\char`\&|.
- Alternatively, the |logic gate IEC symbol color| key can be used to set
- the color of all symbols simultaneously.
-
- In \tikzname, when the |use IEC style logic gates| key has been used,
- this key can be replaced by |and gate symbol|.
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/nand gate IEC symbol=\meta{text} (initially \char`\\char\char`\`\char`\\\char`\&)}
- Set the symbol for the |nand gate|. In \tikzname, when the
- |use IEC style logic gates| key has been used, this key can be replaced
- by |nand gate symbol|.
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/or gate IEC symbol=\meta{text} (initially \char`\$\char`\\geq1\char`\$)}
- Set the symbol for the |or gate|. In \tikzname, when the
- |use IEC style logic gates| key has been used, this key can be replaced
- by |or gate symbol|.
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/nor gate IEC symbol=\meta{text} (initially \char`\$\char`\\geq1\char`\$)}
- Set the symbol for the |nor gate|. In \tikzname, when the
- |use IEC style logic gates| key has been used, this key can be replaced
- by |nor gate symbol|.
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/xor gate IEC symbol=\meta{text} (initially \char`\{\char`\$=1\char`\$\char`\})}
- Set the symbol for the |xor gate|. Note the necessity for braces, as
- the symbol contains |=|. In \tikzname, when the
- |use IEC style logic gates| key has been used, this key can be replaced
- by |xor gate symbol|.
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/xnor gate IEC symbol=\meta{text} (initially \char`\{\char`\$=1\char`\$\char`\})}
- Set the symbol for the |xnor gate|. In \tikzname, when the
- |use IEC style logic gates| key has been used, this key can be replaced
- by |xnor gate symbol|.
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/not gate IEC symbol=\meta{text} (initially 1)}
- Set the symbol for the |not gate|. In \tikzname, when the
- |use IEC style logic gates| key has been used, this key can be replaced
- by |not gate symbol|.
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/buffer gate IEC symbol=\meta{text} (initially 1)}
- Set the symbol for the |buffer gate|. In \tikzname, when the
- |use IEC style logic gates| key has been used, this key can be replaced
- by |buffer gate symbol|.
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/logic gate IEC symbol align=\meta{align} (initially top)}
- Set the alignment of the logic gate symbol (in \tikzname, when the
- |use IEC style logic gates| key has been used, |IEC| can be omitted).
- The specification in \meta{align} is a comma separated list from |top|,
- |bottom|, |left| or |right|. The distance between the border of the
- node and the outer edge of the symbol is determined by the values of
- the |inner xsep| and |inner ysep|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{shapes.gates.logic.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[minimum size=1cm, use IEC style logic gates]
- \tikzset{every node/.style={nor gate, draw}}
- \node (A) at (0,1.5) {};
- \node [logic gate symbol align={bottom, right}] (B) at (0,0) {};
- \foreach \g in {A, B}{
- \foreach \i in {1,2}
- \draw ([xshift=-0.5cm]\g.input \i) -- (\g.input \i);
- \draw (\g.output) -- ([xshift=0.5cm]\g.output);
- }
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- \end{key}
-
- \begin{key}{/pgf/logic gate IEC symbol color=\meta{color}}
- This key sets the color for all symbols simultaneously. This color can
- be overridden on a case by case basis by specifying a color when
- setting the symbol text.
- \end{key}
-
- The library defines the following shapes:
- %
- \begin{itemize}
- \item |and gate IEC|, two or more inputs
- \item |nand gate IEC|, two or more inputs
- \item |or gate IEC|, two or more inputs
- \item |nor gate IEC|, two or more inputs
- \item |xor gate IEC|, two inputs
- \item |xnor gate IEC|, two inputs
- \item |not gate IEC|, one input
- \item |buffer gate IEC|, one input
- \end{itemize}
-
- Again, we only have a look at the nand-gate in more detail:
-
- \begin{shape}{nand gate IEC}
- This shape is a nand gate. It supports two or more inputs. If less than
- two inputs are specified an error will result. The anchors for this
- gate with two inverted inputs are shown below. Anchor |30| is an
- example of a border anchor.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.logic.IEC}}]
-\Huge
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- \node[name=s,shape=nand gate IEC ,shape example, inner xsep=1cm, inner ysep=1cm,
- minimum height=6cm, nand gate IEC symbol=\color{black!30}\char`\&,
- logic gate inputs={in},
- logic gate inverted radius=0.65cm]
- {Nand Gate\vrule width1pt height2cm};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in
- {center/above, text/above, 30/above right,
- mid/right, mid east/left, mid west/above,
- base/below, base east/below, base west/left,
- north/above, south/below, east/above, west/above,
- north east/above, south east/below, south west/below, north west/above,
- output/right, input 1/above, input 2/below}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{shape}
-\end{pgflibrary}
-
-
-\subsection{Electrical Engineering Circuits}
-
-\subsubsection{Overview}
-
-An \emph{electrical engineering circuit} contains symbols like resistors or
-capacitors or voltage sources and annotations like the two arrows pointing
-toward an element whose behaviour is light dependent. The electrical
-engineering libraries, abbreviated ee-libraries, provide such symbols and
-annotations.
-
-Just as for logical gates, there are different ways of drawing ee-symbols.
-Currently, there is one main library for drawing circuits, which uses the
-graphics from the International Electrotechnical Commission, but you can add
-your own libs. This is why, just as for logical gates, there is a base library
-and more specific libraries.
-
-\begin{tikzlibrary}{circuits.ee}
- This library declares the ee symbols, but (mostly) does not provide the
- symbol graphics, which is left to the sublibraries. Just like the logical
- gates library, a key is defined that is normally only used internally:
- %
- \begin{key}{/tikz/circuit ee}
- This style calls the keys |circuit| (which internally calls
- |every circuit| and the following style:
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/every circuit ee}
- Use this key to configure the appearance of logical circuits.
- \end{stylekey}
- \end{key}
-
- The library also declares some standard annotations and units.
-\end{tikzlibrary}
-
-As for logical circuits, to draw a circuit the first step is to include a
-library containing the symbols graphics. Currently, you have to include
-|circuits.ee.IEC|.
-
-\begin{tikzlibrary}{circuits.ee.IEC}
- When this library is loaded, you can use the following style:
- %
- \begin{key}{/tikz/circuit ee IEC}
- This style calls |circuit ee| and installs the IEC-like graphics for
- the logical symbols like |resistor|.
- \end{key}
-\end{tikzlibrary}
-
-Inside the |circuit ee IEC| scope, you can now use the keys for symbols, units,
-and annotations listed in the later sections. We have a more detailed look at
-one of each of them, all the others work the same way.
-
-Let us start with an example of a symbol: the resistor symbol. The other
-predefined symbols are listed in Section~\ref{section-circuits-ee-symbols} and
-later sections.
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/resistor=\opt{\meta{options}}}
- This key should be used with a |node| path command or with the |to| path
- command.
-
- \medskip\textbf{Using the Key with Normal Nodes.}
- When used with a node, it will cause this node to ``look like'' a resistor
- (by default, in the IEC library, this is just a simple rectangle).
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC]
- \node [resistor] {};
-\end{codeexample}
-
- Unlike normal nodes, a resistor node generally should not take any text (as
- in |node [resistor] {foo}|). Instead, the labeling of resistors should be
- done using the |label|, |info| and |ohm| options.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC]
- \node [resistor,ohm=5] {};
-\end{codeexample}
-
- The \meta{options} make no real sense when the |resistor| option is used
- with a normal node, you can just as well given them to the |node| itself.
- Thus, the following has the same effect as the above example:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC]
- \node [resistor={ohm=5}] {};
-\end{codeexample}
-
- In a circuit, you will often wish to rotate elements. For this, the options
- |point up|, |point down|, |point left| or |point right| may be especially
- useful. They are just shorthands for appropriate rotations like
- |rotate=90|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC] {
- \node (R1) [resistor,point up,ohm=5] at (3,1) {};
- \node (R2) [resistor,ohm=10k] at (0,0) {};
- \draw (R2) -| (R1);
-}
-\end{codeexample}
-
- \medskip\textbf{Using the Key on a To Path.}
- When the |resistor| key is used on a |to| path inside a |circuit ee IEC|,
- the |circuit handle symbol| key is called internally. This has a whole
- bunch of effects:
- %
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item The path currently being constructed is cut up to make place for
- a node.
- \item This node will be a |resistor node| that is rotated so that it
- points ``along'' the path (unless an option like |shift only| or an
- extra rotation is used to change this).
- \item The \meta{options} passed to the |resistor| key are passed on to
- the node.
- \item The \meta{options} are pre-parsed to identify a |pos| key or a
- key like |at start| or |midway|. These keys are used to determine
- where on the |to| path the node will lie.
- \end{enumerate}
-
- Since the \meta{options} of the |resistor| key are passed on to the
- resistor node on the path, you can use it to add labels to the node. Here
- is a simple example:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (0,0) to [resistor=red] (3,0)
- to [resistor={ohm=2\mu}] (3,2);
-\end{codeexample}
-
- You can add multiple labels to a resistor and you can have multiple
- resistors (or other elements) on a single path.
-
- \medskip\textbf{Inputs, Outputs, and Anchors.}
- Like the logical gates, all ee-symbols have an |input| and an |output|
- anchor. Special-purpose-nodes may have even more anchors of this type.
- Furthermore, the ee-symbols-nodes also have four standard compass direction
- anchors.
-
- \medskip\textbf{Changing the Appearance.}
- To configure the appearance of all |resistor|s, see
- Section~\ref{section-theming-symbols}. You can use the \meta{options} to
- locally change the appearance of a single resistor.
-\end{key}
-
-Let us now have a look at an example of a unit: the Ohm unit. The other
-predefined units are listed in Section~\ref{section-circuits-units}.
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/ohm=\meta{value}}
- This key is used to add an |info| label to a node with a special text:
- |$\mathrm{|\meta{value}|\Omega}$|. In other words, the |ohm| key can only
- be used with the options of a node and, when used, it will cause the
- \meta{value} to be placed next to the node, followed by $\Omega$. Since the
- \meta{value} is typeset inside a |\mathrm| command, when you write |ohm=5k|
- you get $\mathrm{5k\Omega}$, |ohm=5p| yields $\mathrm{5p\Omega}$, and
- |ohm=5.6\cdot 10^{2}\mu| yields $\mathrm{5.6\cdot 10^{2}\mu\Omega}$.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC] \draw (0,0) to [resistor={ohm=5M}] (0,2);
-\end{codeexample}
-
- Instead of |ohm| you can also use |ohm'|, which places the label on the
- other side.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC] \draw (0,0) to [resistor={ohm'=5M}] (0,2);
-\end{codeexample}
-
- Finally, there are also keys |ohm sloped| and |ohm' sloped| for having the
- info label rotate together with the main node.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (0,0) to [resistor={ohm sloped=5M}] (0,2)
- (2,0) to [resistor={ohm' sloped=6f}] (2,2);
-\end{codeexample}
-
- You can configure the appearance of an Ohm info label using the key
- |every ohm|.
-\end{key}
-
-Finally, let us have a look at an annotation: the |light emitting| annotation.
-The other predefined units are listed in
-Section~\ref{section-circuits-annotations}.
-
-\begin{key}{/tikz/light emitting=\opt{\meta{options}}}
- Like a unit, an annotation should be given as an additional option to a
- node. It causes some drawings (in this case, two parallel lines) to be
- placed next to the node.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC] \draw (0,0) to [diode=light emitting] (2,0);
-\end{codeexample}
-
- The \meta{options} can be used for three different things:
- %
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item You can use keys like |red| to change the appearance of this
- annotation, locally.
- \item You can use keys like |<-| or |-latex| to change the direction
- and kinds of arrows used in the annotation.
- \item You can use info labels like |ohm=5| or |info=foo| inside the
- \meta{options}. These info labels will be added to the main node
- (not to the annotation itself), but the label distance will have
- been changed to accommodate for the space taken up by the
- annotation.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz [circuit ee IEC]
-{
- \draw (0,2) to [diode={light emitting,info=not good}] (2,2);
- \draw (0,0) to [diode={light emitting={info=better},
- info'=also good}] (2,0);
-}
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{enumerate}
-
- In addition to |light emitting| there is also a key called
- |light emitting'|, which simply places the annotation on the other side of
- the node.
-
- You can configure the appearance of annotations in three ways:
- %
- \begin{itemize}
- \item You can set the |every circuit annotation| style.
- \item You can set the |every light emitting| style.
- \item You can set the following key:
- %
- \begin{stylekey}{/tikz/annotation arrow}
- This style should set the default |>| arrow to some nice value.
- \end{stylekey}
- \end{itemize}
-\end{key}
-
-\def\eelineexample#1#2{%
- \texttt{#1}\indexkey{#1}
- &
- \tikz[baseline=-.5ex,circuit ee IEC] \draw (0,0) to [#1] (3,0);
- &
- \relax\def\temp{#2}
- \ifx\temp\empty\else
- {\tikz[baseline=-.5ex,circuit ee IEC,set #2 graphic=var #2 IEC graphic]
- \draw (0,0) to [#2] (3,0);}
- \fi \\[.2em]
-}
-\def\eeendexample#1#2{%
- \texttt{#1}\indexkey{#1}
- &
- \tikz[baseline=-.5ex,circuit ee IEC] \draw (0,0) to [#1={at end}] (1.5,0)(3,0);
- &
- \relax\def\temp{#2}
- \ifx\temp\empty\else
- {\tikz[baseline=-.5ex,circuit ee IEC,set #2 graphic=var #2 IEC graphic]
- \draw (0,0) to [#2={at end}] (1.5,0)(3,0);}
- \fi \\[.2em]
-}
-\def\unitexample#1{%
- \texttt{#1}\indexkey{#1}
- &
- \tikz [baseline,inner sep=0pt] \node[#1=1] {};\\
-}
-\def\annotationexample#1{%
- \texttt{#1}\indexkey{#1}
- &
- \tikz[baseline=-.5ex,circuit ee IEC]
- \draw (0,0) to [resistor={#1}] (2,0)
- to [diode ={#1'}] (4,0);\\
-}
-\def\empty{}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Symbols: Indicating Current Directions}
-\label{section-ee-symbols}
-\label{section-circuits-ee-symbols}
-
-There \todosp{why two labels? The first doesn't seem to be used.} are two
-symbols for indicating current directions. These symbols are defined directly
-inside |circuit ee|.
-\medskip
-
-\noindent
-\begin{tabular}{p{5cm}ll}
- \emph{Key} & \emph{Appearance}\\[.25em]
- \eelineexample{/tikz/current direction}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/current direction'}{}
-\end{tabular}
-
-\medskip
-The examples have been produced by (in essence)
-|\draw (0,0) to[|\meta{symbol name}|] (3,0);|.
-
-
-\subsubsection{Symbols: Basic Elements}
-
-The following table show basic symbols as they are depicted inside the
-|circuit ee IEC| environment. To install one of alternate graphics, you have to
-say |set| \meta{symbol name} |graphic=var| \meta{symbol name} |IEC graphic|.
-\medskip
-
-\noindent
-\begin{tabular}{p{5cm}ll}
- \emph{Key} & \emph{Appearance} & \emph{Alternate appearance} \\[.25em]
- \eelineexample{/tikz/resistor}{resistor}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/inductor}{inductor}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/capacitor}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/battery}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/bulb}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/current source}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/voltage source}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/ac source}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/dc source}{}
- \eeendexample{/tikz/ground}{}
-\end{tabular}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Symbols: Diodes}
-
-The following table shows diodes as they are depicted inside the
-|circuit ee IEC| environment.
-\medskip
-
-\noindent
-\begin{tabular}{p{5cm}ll}
- \emph{Key} & \emph{Appearance} & \emph{Alternate appearance} \\[.25em]
- \eelineexample{/tikz/diode}{diode}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/Zener diode}{Zener diode}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/Schottky diode}{Schottky diode}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/tunnel diode}{tunnel diode}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/backward diode}{backward diode}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/breakdown diode}{breakdown diode}
-\end{tabular}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Symbols: Contacts}
-
-The following table shows contacts as they are depicted inside the
-|circuit ee IEC| environment.
-\medskip
-
-\noindent
-\begin{tabular}{p{5cm}ll}
- \emph{Key} & \emph{Appearance} & \emph{Alternate appearance} \\[.25em]
- \eelineexample{/tikz/contact}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/make contact}{make contact}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/break contact}{}
-\end{tabular}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Symbols: Measurement devices}
-
-The following table shows measurement devices as they are depicted inside the
-|circuit ee IEC| environment.
-\medskip
-
-\noindent
-\begin{tabular}{p{5cm}ll}
- \emph{Key} & \emph{Appearance} \\[.25em]
- \eelineexample{/tikz/amperemeter}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/voltmeter}{}
- \eelineexample{/tikz/ohmmeter}{}
-\end{tabular}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Units}
-\label{section-circuits-units}
-
-The |circuits.ee| library predefines the following unit keys:
-\medskip
-
-\noindent
-\begin{tabular}{p{5cm}c}
- \emph{Key} & \emph{Appearance of $1$ unit} \\[.25em]
- \unitexample{/tikz/ampere}
- \unitexample{/tikz/volt}
- \unitexample{/tikz/ohm}
- \unitexample{/tikz/siemens}
- \unitexample{/tikz/henry}
- \unitexample{/tikz/farad}
- \unitexample{/tikz/coulomb}
- \unitexample{/tikz/voltampere}
- \unitexample{/tikz/watt}
- \unitexample{/tikz/hertz}
-\end{tabular}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Annotations}
-\label{section-circuits-annotations}
-
-The |circuits.ee.IEC| library defines the following annotations:
-\medskip
-
-\noindent
-\begin{tabular}{p{5cm}ll}
- \emph{Key} & \emph{Appearance} \\[.25em]
- \annotationexample{/tikz/light emitting}
- \annotationexample{/tikz/light dependent}
- \annotationexample{/tikz/direction info}
- \annotationexample{/tikz/adjustable}
-\end{tabular}
-\medskip
-
-The lines have been produced using, in essence,
-%
-\begin{codeexample}[code only]
-\draw (0,0) to [resistor=light emitting] (2,0) to [diode=light emitting'] (4,0);
-\end{codeexample}
-%
-and similarly for the other annotations.
-
-
-\subsubsection{Implementation: The EE-Symbols Shape Library}
-
-The \tikzname\ libraries depend on two shape libraries, which are included
-automatically. Usually, you will not need to use these shapes directly.
-
-\begin{pgflibrary}{shapes.gates.ee}
- This library defines basic shapes that can be used by all ee-circuit
- libraries. Currently, it defines the following shapes:
- %
- \begin{itemize}
- \item |rectangle ee|
- \item |circle ee|
- \item |direction ee|
- \end{itemize}
- %
- Additionally, the library defines the following arrow tip: The
- |direction ee| arrow tip is basically the same as a |triangle 45| arrow tip
- with rounded joins.
-
- \begin{tabular}{ll}
- \symarrow{direction ee}
- \end{tabular}
-
- However, unlike normal arrow tips, its size does \emph{not} depend on the
- current line width. Rather, it depends on the value of its arrow options,
- which should be set to the desired size. Thus, you should say something
- like |\pgfsetarrowoptions{direction ee}{5pt}| to set the size of the arrow.
-\end{pgflibrary}
-
-\begin{shape}{rectangle ee}
- This shape is completely identical to a normal |rectangle|, only there are
- two additional anchors: The |input| anchor is an alias for the |west|
- anchor, while the |output| anchor is an alias for the |east| anchor.
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{circle ee}
- Like the |rectangle ee| shape, only for circles.
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{direction ee}
- This shape is rather special. It is intended to be used to ``turn an arrow
- tip into a shape''. First, you should set the following key to the name of
- an arrow tip:
- %
- \begin{key}{/pgf/direction ee arrow=\meta{right arrow tip name}}
- The value of this key will be used for the arrow tip depicted in an
- |direction ee| shape.
- \end{key}
- %
- When a node of shape |direction ee| is created, several things happen:
- %
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item The size of the shape is computed according to the following
- rules: The width of the shape is set up so that the left border of
- the shape is at the left end of the arrow tip and the right border
- is at the right end of the arrow tip. These left and right ``ends''
- of the arrow are the tip end and the back end specified by the
- arrow itself (see Section~\ref{section-arrow-terminology} for
- details). You usually need not worry about this width setting.
-
- By comparison, the height of the arrow is given by the current
- setting of |minimum height|. Thus, this key must have been set up
- correctly to reflect the ``real'' height of the arrow tip. The
- reason is that the height of an arrow is not specified when arrows
- are declared and is, thus, not available, here.
-
- Possibly, the height computation will change in the future to
- reflect the real height of the arrow, so you should generally set
- up the |minimum height| to be the same as the real height.
- \item A straight line from left to right inside the shape's boundaries
- is added to the background path.
- \item The arrow tip, pointing right, is drawn before the background
- path.
- \end{enumerate}
- %
- The anchors of this shape are just the compass anchors, which lie on a
- rectangle whose width and height are the above-computed height and width.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- \pgfsetarrowoptions{direction ee}{6cm}
- \node[name=s,shape=direction ee,shape example,minimum height=0.7654*6cm] {};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in
- {center/above, 30/above right,
- north/above, south/below, east/left, west/right,
- north east/above, south east/below, south west/below, north west/above,
- input/left,output/right}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}[direction ee arrow=angle 45]
- \node[name=s,shape=direction ee,shape example,minimum height=1.75cm] {};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in {north/above, south/below,
- output/right, input/left}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}
-
-
-\subsubsection{Implementation: The IEC-Style EE-Symbols Shape Library}
-
-\begin{pgflibrary}{shapes.gates.ee.IEC}
- This library defines shapes for depicting ee symbols according to the IEC
- recommendations. These shapes will typically be used in conjunction with
- the graphic mechanism detailed earlier, but you can also used them
- directly.
-\end{pgflibrary}
-
-\begin{shape}{generic circle IEC}
- This shape inherits from |circle ee|, which in turn is just a normal
- |circle| with additional |input| and |output| anchors at the left and right
- ends. However, additionally, this shape allows you to specify a path that
- should be added before the background path using the following key:
- %
- \begin{key}{/pgf/generic circle IEC/before background=\meta{code}}
- When a node of shape |generic circle IEC| is created, the current
- setting of this key is used as the ``before background path''. This
- means that after the circle's background has been
- drawn/filled/whatever, the \meta{code} is executed.
-
- When the \meta{code} is executed, the coordinate system will have been
- transformed in such a way that the point $(1\mathrm{pt},0\mathrm{pt})$
- lies at the right end of the circle and $(0\mathrm{pt},1\mathrm{pt})$
- lies at the top of the circle. (More precisely, these points will lie
- exactly on the middle of the radial line.)
- \end{key}
- %
- Here is an examples of how to use this shape:
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz \node [generic circle IEC,
- /pgf/generic circle IEC/before background={
- \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointorigin}
- \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{1pt}{0pt}}
- \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{0pt}{1pt}}
- \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{-0.5pt}{-0.5pt}}
- \pgfusepathqstroke
- },
- draw] {Hello world};
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{generic diode IEC}
- This shape is used to depict diodes. The main shape is taken up by a
- ``right pointing'' triangle. The anchors are positioned on the border of a
- rectangle around the diode, see the below example. The diode's size is
- based on the current settings of |minimum width| and |minimum height|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- \node[name=s,shape=generic diode IEC,shape example,minimum size=6cm] {};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in
- {center/above, 30/above right,
- north/above, south/below, east/left, west/right,
- north east/above, south east/below, south west/below, north west/above,
- input/left,output/right}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
-
- This shape, like the |generic circle IEC| shape, is generic in the sense
- that there is a special key that is used for the before background
- drawings:
- %
- \begin{key}{/pgf/generic diode IEC/before background=\meta{code}}
- Similarly to the |generic circle IEC| shape, when a node of shape
- |generic diode IEC| is created, the current setting of this key is used
- as the ``before background path''. When the \meta{code} is executed,
- the coordinate system will have been transformed in such a way that the
- origin is at the ``tip'' of the diode's triangle, the point
- $(0\mathrm{pt},1\mathrm{pt})$ is exactly half the diode's height above
- this origin, and the point $(1\mathrm{pt},0\mathrm{pt})$ is half the
- diode's height to the right of the origin.
-
- The idea is that you use this key to draw different kinds of diode
- endings.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz \node [minimum size=1cm,generic diode IEC,
- /pgf/generic diode IEC/before background={
- \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{-.5pt}{-1pt}}
- \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{.5pt}{-1pt}}
- \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{-1pt}}
- \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{1pt}}
- \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{-.5pt}{1pt}}
- \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{.5pt}{1pt}}
- \pgfusepathqstroke
- },
- draw] {};
-\end{codeexample}
- \end{key}
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{breakdown diode IEC}
- This shape is used to depict a bidirectional breakdown diode. The diode's
- size is based on the current settings of |minimum width| and
- |minimum height|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- \node[name=s,shape=breakdown diode IEC,shape example,minimum width=6cm,minimum height=4cm] {};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in
- {center/above, 30/above right,
- north/above, south/below, east/left, west/right,
- north east/above, south east/below, south west/below, north west/above,
- input/left,output/right}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{var resistor IEC}
- This shape is used to depict a variant version of a resistor. Its size is
- computed as for a rectangle (thus, its size depends things like the
- |minimum height|). Then, inside this rectangle, a background path is set up
- according to the following rule: Starting from the left end, zigzag
- segments are added to the path. Each segment consists of a line at a 45
- degree angle going up to the top of the rectangle, then going down to the
- bottom, then going up to mid height of the node. As many segments as
- possible are put inside as possible. The last segment is then connected to
- the output anchor via a straight line.
-
- All of this means that, in general, the shape should be much wider than
- high.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- \node[name=s,shape=var resistor IEC,shape example,minimum width=7cm,minimum height=1cm] {};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in
- {center/above, 30/above right,
- north/above, south/below, east/left, west/right,
- north east/above, south east/below, south west/below, north west/above,
- input/left,output/right}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{inductor IEC}
- This shape is used to depict an inductor, using a bumpy line. Its size is
- computed as follows: Any text and |inner sep| are ignored (and should
- normally not be given). The |minimum height| plus (twice) the |outer ysep|
- specify the distance between the |north| and |south| anchors, similarly for
- the |minimum width| plus the |outer xsep| for the |east| and |west|. The
- bumpy line is drawn starting from the lower left corner to the lower right
- corner with bumps being half-circles whose height is exactly the
- |minimum height|. The |center| of the shape is just above the |south|
- anchor, at a distance of the |outer ysep|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- \node[name=s,shape=inductor IEC,shape example,minimum width=7cm,minimum height=1cm] {};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in
- {center/above, 30/above right,
- north/above, south/below, east/left, west/right,
- north east/above, south east/below, south west/below, north west/above,
- input/left,output/right}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
- Just as for a |var resistor IEC|, as many bumps as possible are added and
- the last bump is connected to the output anchor via a straight line.
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{capacitor IEC}
- This shape is based on a |rectangle ee|. However, instead of a rectangle as
- the background path, only the ``left and right lines'' that make up the
- rectangle are drawn.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- \node[name=s,shape=capacitor IEC,shape example,
- minimum width=2cm,minimum height=3cm,inner sep=0pt] {};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in
- {center/above, 30/above right,
- north/above, south/below, east/left, west/right,
- north east/above, south east/below, south west/below, north west/above,
- input/left,output/right}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{battery IEC}
- This shape is similar to a |capacitor IEC|, however, the right line is only
- half the height of the left line.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz \node[shape=battery IEC,shape example,minimum size=2cm,
- inner sep=0pt] {};
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{ground IEC}
- This shape is similar to a |batter IEC|, only three lines of different
- heights are drawn.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz \node[shape=ground IEC,shape example,minimum size=2cm,
- inner sep=0pt] {};
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{make contact IEC}
- This shape consists of a line going from the lower left corner to the upper
- right corner. The size and anchors of this shape are computed in the same
- way as for an |inductor IEC|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\begin{tikzpicture}
- \node[name=s,shape=make contact IEC,shape example,minimum width=3cm,minimum height=1cm] {};
- \foreach \anchor/\placement in
- {center/above, 30/above right,
- north/above, south/below, east/left, west/right,
- north east/above, south east/below, south west/below, north west/above,
- input/left,output/right}
- \draw[shift=(s.\anchor)] plot[mark=x] coordinates{(0,0)}
- node[\placement] {\scriptsize\texttt{(s.\anchor)}};
-\end{tikzpicture}
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{var make contact IEC}
- This shape works like |make contact IEC|, only a little circle is added to
- the path at the lower left corner. The radius of this circle is one twelfth
- of the width of the node.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz \node[shape=var make contact IEC,shape example,
- minimum height=1cm,minimum width=3cm,inner sep=0pt] {};
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}
-
-\begin{shape}{break contact IEC}
- This shape depicts a contact that can be broken. It works like
- |make contact IEC|.
- %
-\begin{codeexample}[preamble={\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}}]
-\tikz \node[shape=break contact IEC,shape example,
- minimum height=1cm,minimum width=3cm,inner sep=0pt] {};
-\end{codeexample}
- %
-\end{shape}