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+% BibTeX `apalike' bibliography style (version 0.99a, 8-Dec-10), adapted from
+% the `alpha' style, version 0.99a; for BibTeX version 0.99a.
+%
+% Copyright (C) 1988, 2010 Oren Patashnik.
+% Unlimited copying and redistribution of this file are permitted as long as
+% it is unmodified.  Modifications (and redistribution of modified versions)
+% are also permitted, but only if the resulting file is renamed.
+%
+% Differences between this style and `alpha' are generally heralded by a `%'.
+% The file btxbst.doc has the documentation for alpha.bst.
+%
+% This style should be used with the `apalike' LaTeX style (apalike.sty).
+% \cite's come out like "(Jones, 1986)" in the text but there are no labels
+% in the bibliography, and something like "(1986)" comes out immediately
+% after the author.  Author (and editor) names appear as last name, comma,
+% initials.  A `year' field is required for every entry, and so is either
+% an author (or in some cases, an editor) field or a key field.
+%
+% Editorial note:
+% Many journals require a style like `apalike', but I strongly, strongly,
+% strongly recommend that you not use it if you have a choice---use something
+% like `plain' instead.  Mary-Claire van Leunen (A Handbook for Scholars,
+% Knopf, 1979) argues convincingly that a style like `plain' encourages better
+% writing than one like `apalike'.  Furthermore the strongest arguments for
+% using an author-date style like `apalike'---that it's "the most practical"
+% (The Chicago Manual of Style, University of Chicago Press, thirteenth
+% edition, 1982, pages 400--401)---fall flat on their face with the new
+% computer-typesetting technology.  For instance page 401 anachronistically
+% states "The chief disadvantage of [a style like `plain'] is that additions
+% or deletions cannot be made after the manuscript is typed without changing
+% numbers in both text references and list."  LaTeX sidesteps the disadvantage.
+%
+% History:
+%   15-sep-86  (OP)  Original version by Oren Patashnik, ideas from Susan King.
+%   10-nov-86  (OP)  Truncated the sort.key$ string to the correct length
+%                    in bib.sort.order to eliminate error message.
+%   24-jan-88  (OP)  Updated for BibTeX version 0.99a, from alpha.bst 0.99a;
+%                    apalike now sorts by author, then year, then title;
+%                    THIS `apalike' VERSION DOES NOT WORK WITH BIBTEX 0.98i.
+%    8-dec-10  (OP)  Still version 0.99a, as the code itself was unchanged;
+%                    this release clarified the license.
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    edition
+    editor
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+%    month              not used in apalike
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label extra.label sort.label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+%                                       apalike needs this function because
+%                                       the year has special punctuation;
+%                                       apalike ignores the month
+FUNCTION {output.year.check}
+{ year empty$
+    { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    { write$
+      " (" year * extra.label * ")" *
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem[" write$
+  label write$
+  "]{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+  write$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't :=   % last name first
+      nameptr #1 >
+        { namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            { numnames #2 >
+                { "," * }
+                'skip$
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                { " et~al." * }
+                { " and " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+    { "" }
+    { author format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.key}                   % this function is just for apalike
+{ empty$
+    { key field.or.null }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor format.names
+      editor num.names$ #1 >
+        { ", editors" * }
+        { ", editor" * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+    { "" }
+    { title "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title emphasize
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
+      series empty$
+        'skip$
+        { " of " * series emphasize * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+            { "number" }
+            { "Number" }
+          if$
+          number tie.or.space.connect
+          series empty$
+            { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+            { " in " * series * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+    { "" }
+    { output.state mid.sentence =
+        { edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
+        { edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+    { "" }
+    { pages multi.page.check
+        { "pages" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+        { "page" pages tie.or.space.connect }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  number empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "(" number * ")" * *
+      volume empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  pages empty$
+    'skip$
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ format.pages }
+        { ":" * pages n.dashify * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { "chapter" }
+        { type "l" change.case$ }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.connect
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor empty$
+        { "In " booktitle emphasize * }
+        { "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$
+      type "t" change.case$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+    { "Technical Report" }
+    'type
+  if$
+  number empty$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+    { number tie.or.space.connect }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ "In"                                                  % this is for apalike
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      "In "
+    }
+    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
+      " of " *
+    }
+  if$
+  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *                           % this is for apalike
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ "In"                                                  % this is for apalike
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  output.year.check                             % special for apalike
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher "publisher" output.check
+      address output
+    }
+    { new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  howpublished output
+  address output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  output.year.check                             % special for apalike
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher "publisher" output.check
+      address output
+    }
+    { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher "publisher" output.check
+      address output
+      format.edition output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+      address output                                    % for apalike
+      new.sentence                                      % there's no year
+      organization output                               % here so things
+      publisher output                                  % are simpler
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  organization address new.block.checkb
+  organization output
+  address output
+  format.edition output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.title output
+  new.block
+  howpublished output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  "PhD thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.editors output
+  editor format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  address output                                % for apalike
+  new.sentence                                  % we always output
+  organization output                           % a nonempty organization
+  publisher output                              % here
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" output.check
+  address output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output                              % special for
+  output.year.check                                     % apalike
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  note "note" output.check
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"January"}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"February"}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"March"}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"April"}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"June"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"July"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"August"}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"September"}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"October"}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"November"}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"December"}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+  "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+  'len :=
+  s #1 len substring$ =
+    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+
+%                       There are three apalike cases: one person (Jones),
+%                       two (Jones and de~Bruijn), and more (Jones et~al.).
+%                       This function is much like format.crossref.editors.
+%
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  s num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$ " et~al." * }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            { " et~al." * }
+            { " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key                                    % apalike uses the whole key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+            'key                                % apalike uses the whole key
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor format.lab.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key                    % apalike uses the whole key, no organization
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.label
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.key.label                       % apalike ignores organization
+        'author.key.label                       % for labeling and sorting
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  ", "                                                  % these three lines are
+  *                                                     % for apalike, which
+  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$          % uses all four digits
+  *
+  'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  ""
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { nameptr #1 >
+        { "   " * }
+        'skip$
+      if$                                               % apalike uses initials
+      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't := % <= here
+      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
+        { "et al" * }
+        { t sortify * }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+  "A " #2
+    "An " #3
+      "The " #4 t chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  sortify
+  #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor sort.format.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+%                       apalike uses two sorting passes; the first one sets the
+%                       labels so that the `a's, `b's, etc. can be computed;
+%                       the second pass puts the references in "correct" order.
+%                       The presort function is for the first pass. It computes
+%                       label, sort.label, and title, and then concatenates.
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+  label sortify
+  "    "
+  *
+  type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.sort
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.sort
+        'author.sort
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$      % for
+  'sort.label :=                % apalike
+  sort.label                    % style
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+SORT            % by label, sort.label, title---for final label calculation
+
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }       % apalike labels are only for the text;
+
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num }             % there are none in the bibliography
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff} % and hence there is no `longest.label'
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+  "" 'next.extra :=
+  #0 'last.extra.num :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+    }
+    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+      "" 'extra.label :=
+      label 'last.label :=
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+    { "a" 'extra.label := }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  label extra.label * 'label :=
+  extra.label 'next.extra :=
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+%                               Now that the label is right we sort for real,
+%                               on sort.label then year then title.  This is
+%                               for the second sorting pass.
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+  "    "
+  *
+  year field.or.null sortify
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+
+SORT            % by sort.label, year, title---giving final bibliography order
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$                              % no \etalchar in apalike
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$           % no labels in apalike
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}