add acmtrans

1 files changed, 1768 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/acmtrans/acmtrans.bst b/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/acmtrans/acmtrans.bst
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+% "ACM Transactions" BibTeX style, acmtrans.bst 
+%  for BibTeX version 0.99c, LaTeX version 3.141
+%  Revised 28-MARCH-1996
+%  Revised 30-JUNE-1995
+%  Revised 15-JAN-1996 
+%  $Header: acmtrans.bst,v 1.2 96/01/17 09:05:38 boyland Exp $
+%
+% Hacked by John T. Boyland at University of California, Berkeley
+% (with assistance by John R. Hauser)
+% Hacked by Andrew W. Appel and Rebecca L. Davies at Princeton University,
+% based on a "chicago.bst" by Glenn Paulley at U. Waterloo,
+% which was based on "newapa.bst" found at ymir.claremont.edu.
+%
+%   Citation format: [author-last-name year]
+%             [author-last-name and author-last-name year]
+%             [author-last-name, author-last-name, and author-last-name year]
+%             [author-last-name et al. year]
+%             [author-last-name]
+%             author-last-name [year]
+%             [author-last-name and author-last-name]
+%             [author-last-name et al.]
+%             [year] or [year,year]
+%             year or year,year
+%
+%   Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
+%    for author in the absence of one.
+%
+% This BibTeX style has support for abbreviated author lists and for
+%    year-only citations.  This is done by having the citations
+%    actually look like
+%
+%    \citeauthoryear{full-author-info}{abbrev-author-info}{year}
+%
+% The LaTeX style has to have the following (or similar)
+%
+%     \let\@internalcite\cite
+%     \def\fullcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
+%     \def\fullciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
+%     \def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
+%     \def\shortciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
+%     \def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@internalcite}
+%
+% These TeX macro definitions are found in acmtrans.sty. Additional
+% commands to manipulate different components of a citation can be defined
+% so that, for example, you can list author's names without parentheses
+% if using a citation as a noun or object in a sentence.
+%
+% Features of acmtrans.bst:
+% ========================
+%
+% - all authors appear last name first.
+% - all pages are listed xx-xx, (no pp.) and are at the end of the reference
+% - publishers are identified as publisher, address
+% - conferences papers (inproceedings) may give city of conference,
+%   date of conference, and journal that the proceedings appear in.
+% - months abbreviated to max four letters (eg. Mar.)
+% - volume of a series indicated after the title of the series
+% - editors appear after edited title and are identified by a trailing "Eds."
+%   not in parentheses.  Editor names are not given in small caps.
+%   (unless there is no author line)
+% - names terminated with a period even if there is no first name.
+% - editions are indicated trailing after the work, not in parentheses.
+% - "et al." citations have a protected period to avoid bad spacing (jrh)
+% - "address" required when publisher given
+% - series (roman) and volume are in a sentence separate from (book-)title
+%
+%
+% Features of chicago.bst:
+% =======================
+%
+% - full names used in citations, but abbreviated citations are available
+%   (see above)
+% - if an entry has a "month", then the month and year are also printed
+%   as part of that bibitem.
+% - all conjunctions use "and" instead of "\&"
+% - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
+%   only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
+%   additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
+% - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
+%   article entries.
+% - book, inbook, and manual use "location: publisher" (or organization)
+%   for address and publisher. All other types list publishers separately.
+% - "pp." are used to identify page numbers for all entry types except
+%   articles.
+% - organization is used as a citation label if neither author nor editor
+%   is present (for manuals).
+% - "et al." is used for long author and editor lists, or when "others"
+%   is used.
+%
+% Modifications and bug fixes from newapa.bst:
+% ===========================================
+%
+%   - added month, year to bib entries if month is present
+%   - fixed bug with In proceedings, added necessary comma after title
+%   - all conjunctions changed to "and" from "\&"
+%   - fixed bug with author labels in my.full.label: "et al." now is
+%        generated when "others" is an author name
+%   - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
+%     only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
+%     additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
+%   - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
+%     article entries. Unnecessary (IMHO) "()" around page numbers
+%     were removed, and page numbers now don't end with a period.
+%   - created chicago.sty for use with this bibstyle (required).
+%   - fixed bugs in FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} for missing volume,
+%     number, and /or pages. Renamed to format.jour.vol.
+%   - fixed bug in formatting booktitles: additional period an error if
+%     book has a volume.
+%   - fixed bug: editors usually given redundant period before next clause
+%     (format.editors.dot) removed.
+%   - added label support for organizations, if both author and editor
+%     are missing (from alpha.bst). If organization is too long, then
+%     the key field is used for abbreviated citations.
+%   - In proceedings or books of several volumes, no comma was written
+%     between the "Volume x" and the page numbers (this was intentional
+%     in newapa.bst). Fixed.
+%   - Some journals may not have volumes/numbers, only month/year (eg.
+%     IEEE Computer). Fixed bug in article style that assumed volume/number
+%     was always present.
+%
+% Original documentation for newapa.sty:
+% =====================================
+%
+% This version was made by modifying the master file made by
+% Oren Patashnik (PATASHNIK@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU), and the 'named' BibTeX
+% style of Peter F. Patel-Schneider.
+%
+% Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
+% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
+% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
+% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than 'newapa.bst'.
+% There are undoubtably bugs in this style.  If you make bug fixes,
+% improvements, etc.  please let me know.  My e-mail address is:
+%    spencer@cgrg.ohio.state.edu or 71160.3141@compuserve.com
+%
+% This style was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',
+% with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips
+% from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    city	% jtb: added
+    date	% jtb: added
+    edition
+    editor
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t u }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+    { add.period$ write$
+      newline$
+      "\newblock " write$
+    }
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'write$
+        { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+      if$
+    }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+
+% Use a colon to separate output. Used only for address/publisher
+% combination in book/inbook types, address/institution for manuals,
+% and organization:publisher for proceedings (inproceedings).
+%
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull.colon}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ": " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+    { add.period$ write$
+      newline$
+      "\newblock " write$
+    }
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'write$
+        { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+      if$
+    }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.colon}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull.colon
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check.colon}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull.colon
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.year.check}
+{ year empty$
+     { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+     { write$
+        " " year * extra.label *
+       mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+     }
+  if$
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+  write$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+%
+% Emphasize the top string on the stack.
+%
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+%
+% Emphasize the top string on the stack, but add a trailing space.
+%
+FUNCTION {emphasize.space}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+%
+% Emphasize the top string on stack, add a trailing comma and space.
+%
+FUNCTION {emphasize.comma}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "{\em " swap$ * ",\/}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+%
+% Format bibliographical entries with the first author last name first,
+% and subsequent authors with initials followed by last name.
+% All names are formatted in this routine.
+%
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+
+    { nameptr #1 =
+        {"{\sc " s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
+        {"{\sc " s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 >
+        { namesleft #1 >
+              { ", " * t * }
+              { numnames #2 >
+                  { "," * }
+                  'skip$
+                if$
+                t "{\sc others}" =
+                    { " {\sc et~al\mbox{.}}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
+                    { " {\sc and} " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
+                  if$
+               }
+               if$
+             }
+            't
+        if$
+        nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
+        namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {my.full.label}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+
+    { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=  % get the next name
+      nameptr #1 >
+        { namesleft #1 >
+              { ", " * t * }
+              { numnames #2 >
+                  { "," * }
+                  'skip$
+                if$
+                t "others" =
+                    { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
+                    { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
+                  if$
+               }
+               if$
+             }
+            't
+        if$
+        nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
+        namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
+    }
+  while$
+
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.names.fml}
+%
+% Format names in "familiar" format, with first initial followed by
+% last name. Like format.names, ALL names are formatted.
+% jtb: The names are NOT put in small caps
+%
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+
+    { "{" s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't :=
+
+      nameptr #1 >
+        { namesleft #1 >
+              { ", " * t * }
+               { numnames #2 >
+                    { "," * }
+                    'skip$
+                  if$
+                  t "{others}" =
+                        { " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * }
+                        { " {and} " * t * }
+%                       { " {\&} " * t * }
+                      if$
+                }
+               if$
+             }
+            't
+        if$
+        nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
+        namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+    { "" }
+    { author format.names add.period$} % jtb: add period if none before
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+    { key field.or.null }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+%
+% Format editor names for use in the "in" types: inbook, incollection,
+% inproceedings: first initial, then last names. When editors are the
+% LABEL for an entry, then format.editor is used which lists editors
+% by last name first.
+%
+FUNCTION {format.editors.fml}
+{ editor empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor format.names.fml
+      editor num.names$ #1 >
+    { ", Eds." * }	% jtb: removed parentheses
+    { ", Ed." * }	% jtb: removed parentheses
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+%
+% Format editor names for use in labels, last names first.
+%
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+    { "" }
+    { editor format.names
+      editor num.names$ #1 >
+    { ", Eds." * }	% jtb: removed parentheses
+    { ", Ed." * }	% jtb: removed parentheses
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+    { "" }
+    { title "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+% Note that the APA style requres case changes
+% in article titles. The following does not
+% change cases. If you perfer it, uncomment the
+% following and comment out the above.
+
+%FUNCTION {format.title}
+%{ title empty$
+%    { "" }
+%    { title }
+%  if$
+%}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+    { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+        { "--" *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+        {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+        { "-" *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+          while$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ edition empty$
+  { title emphasize }
+  { title empty$
+    { title emphasize } % jtb: what is this supposed to do ?!?
+    { "{\em " title * "\/}, " * edition * " ed." * } % jtb: no parens for ed.
+    if$
+  }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.emphasize.booktitle}
+{ edition empty$
+  { booktitle emphasize }
+  { booktitle empty$
+    { booktitle emphasize } % jtb: what is this supposed to do ?!?
+    { "{\em " booktitle * "\/}, " * edition * " ed." * } % jtb: no ()s for ed.
+    if$
+    }
+  if$
+  }
+
+% jtb: if the preceding string (the title of the conference) is non-empty,
+% jtb: append the location, otherwise leave empty (so as to trigger the
+% jtb: error message in output.check
+FUNCTION {format.city}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+  { }
+  { city empty$
+     { date empty$
+       { }
+       { " (" * date * ")" * }
+       if$
+     }
+     { date empty$
+       { " (" * city * ")" * }
+       { " (" * city * ", " * date * ")" * }
+       if$
+     }
+     if$
+  }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+
+% jtb: If there is a series, this is added and the volume trails after it.
+% jtb: Otherwise, "Vol" is Capitalized.
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { series empty$
+        { "Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect}
+        { series ", " * "vol." volume tie.or.space.connect *}
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+    { series field.or.null }
+    { output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "Number" } % gnp - changed to mixed case always
+        { "Number" }
+      if$
+      number tie.or.space.connect
+      series empty$
+        { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        { " in " * series * }
+      if$
+    }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+    { #1 'multiresult := }
+    { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+  { "" }
+  { pages multi.page.check
+	{ pages n.dashify } % gnp - removed () % jtb: removed pp.
+	{ pages }
+    if$
+  }
+  if$
+}
+
+% By Young (and Spencer)
+% GNP - fixed bugs with missing volume, number, and/or pages
+%
+% Format journal, volume, number, pages for article types.
+%
+FUNCTION {format.jour.vol}
+{ journal empty$
+    { "no journal in " cite$ * warning$
+      "" }
+    { journal emphasize.space }
+    if$
+  number empty$
+    { volume empty$
+       { "no number and no volume in " cite$ * warning$
+         "" * }
+       { "~{\em " * Volume * "}" * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { volume empty$
+      {"no volume for " cite$ * warning$
+       "~" * number * }
+      { "~" *
+        volume emphasize.comma
+        "~" * number * * }
+      if$
+     month empty$
+     {} 
+     {" (" * month * ")" *} 
+     if$
+    }
+  if$
+  pages empty$
+    {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$
+     "" * } % gnp - place a null string on the stack for output
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+      { pop$ format.pages }
+      { ", " *  pages n.dashify * } % gnp - removed pp. for articles
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case
+        { type "t" change.case$ }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.connect
+      pages empty$
+        {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$} % gnp - added check
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+% jtb: format for collections or proceedings not appearing in a journal
+FUNCTION {format.in.emphasize.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+  { "" }
+  { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
+  if$
+}
+
+% jtb: format for proceedings appearing in a journal
+FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+  { "" }
+  { "In " booktitle * }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+  { "" }
+  { editor empty$
+    { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
+		% jtb: swapped editor location
+    { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * ", " * format.editors.fml * }
+    if$
+  }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$ 
+    'skip$
+%   {pop$
+   {{ "" }
+   type "t" change.case$}
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+    { "Tech. Rep." }
+    'type
+  if$
+  number empty$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+    { number tie.or.space.connect }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ "See"
+  "\citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * }		% jrh: avoid spacing problems
+    { #2 <
+    'skip$
+    { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+        { " et~al\mbox{.}" * }		% jrh: avoid spacing problems
+        { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+      if$
+    }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      "In "
+    }
+    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case
+      " of " *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+    { series empty$
+        { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+          crossref * warning$
+          "" *
+        }
+        { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ "See"
+  " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+% format.lab.names:
+%
+% determines "short" names for the abbreviated author information.
+% "Long" labels are created in calc.label, using the routine my.full.label
+% to format author and editor fields.
+%
+% There are 4 cases for labels.   (n=3 in the example)
+% a) one author             Foo
+% b) one to n               Foo, Bar and Baz
+% c) use of "and others"    Foo, Bar et al.
+% d) more than n            Foo et al.
+%
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames #2 >    % change number to number of others allowed before
+		   % forcing "et al".
+    { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: \mbox{} added
+    {
+      numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
+      #2 'nameptr :=
+      s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+	{ namesleft #0 > }
+	{ nameptr numnames =
+	    { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+		{ " et~al\mbox{.}" * }		% jrh: avoid spacing problems
+		{ " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+	      if$
+	    }
+	    { ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+	  if$
+	  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+	  namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+	}
+      while$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+          { "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$
+            cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+         'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+          { "no key, editor in " cite$ * warning$
+            cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+          'key
+        if$
+     }
+     { editor format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
+%
+% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null.
+%
+{ author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+	{ key empty$
+	    { "no key, author or organization in " cite$ * warning$
+              cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+	    'key
+	  if$
+	}
+        { organization }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
+%
+% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null.
+%
+{ editor empty$
+    { organization empty$
+	{ key empty$
+	    { "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
+              cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+	    'key
+	  if$
+	}
+        { organization }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+          { key empty$
+               { "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$
+                 cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+             'key
+           if$
+         }
+          { editor format.lab.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+%
+% Changed - GNP. See also author.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort
+% Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used
+% for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst.
+% The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a
+% citation label if author or editor is missing.
+%
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.label
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+	'editor.key.organization.label
+	{ type$ "manual" =
+	    'author.key.organization.label
+	    'author.key.label
+	  if$
+	}
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+
+  author empty$  % generate the full label citation information.
+    { editor empty$
+        { organization empty$
+           { "no author, editor, or organization in " cite$ * warning$
+             "??" }
+           { organization }
+           if$
+        }
+        { editor my.full.label }
+        if$
+    }
+    { author my.full.label }
+  if$
+
+% leave label on the stack, to be popped when required.
+
+  "}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
+%  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
+%
+% save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.)
+%
+  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
+  'label.year :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+
+  "\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$
+  calc.label write$
+  sort.year write$
+  "}]{" write$
+
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors
+  "author" output.check
+  author format.key output          % added
+  output.year.check                 % added
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.jour.vol output
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors
+	  "author and editor" output.check }
+    { format.authors
+	  output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+    	{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+    	'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  output.year.check       % added
+  new.block
+  format.btitle
+  "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { new.sentence		% jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
+      format.bvolume output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher "publisher" output.check
+      address "address" output.check	% jtb: require address
+    }
+    { new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output          % added
+  output.year.check                 % added
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  howpublished output
+  address output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors
+      "author and editor" output.check
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+    { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+    'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  output.year.check                 % added
+  new.block
+  format.btitle
+  "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { new.sentence		% jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
+      format.bvolume output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher "publisher" output.check
+      address "address" output.check	% jtb: require address
+      format.chapter.pages
+      "chapter and pages" output.check	% jtb: moved from before publisher
+    }
+    { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors
+  "author" output.check
+  author format.key output       % added
+  output.year.check              % added
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+  { format.in.ed.booktitle
+    "booktitle" output.check
+    new.sentence		% jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
+    format.bvolume output
+    format.number.series output
+    new.sentence
+    publisher "publisher" output.check
+    address "address" output.check	% jtb: require address
+    format.chapter.pages output % gnp - was special.output.nonnull
+%                                 left out comma before page numbers
+				% jtb: moved from before publisher
+  }
+  { format.incoll.inproc.crossref
+	output.nonnull
+    format.chapter.pages output
+  }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors
+  "author" output.check
+  author format.key output            % added
+  output.year.check                   % added
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { journal missing$		% jtb: proceedings appearing in journals
+      { format.in.emphasize.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check
+        format.editors.fml output
+        new.sentence		% jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
+        format.bvolume output
+        format.number.series output
+        new.sentence
+        organization output
+        publisher "publisher" output.check % jtb: require publisher (?)
+        address "address" output.check	% jtb: require address
+        format.pages output	% jtb: moved from before publisher
+       }
+       % jtb: new:
+       { format.in.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check
+         format.editors.fml output
+         new.sentence
+         format.jour.vol output
+       }
+       if$
+      }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+      { organization "organization" output.check
+        organization format.key output }  % if all else fails, use key
+      { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+    if$
+  output.year.check                 % added
+  new.block
+  format.btitle
+  "title" output.check
+  organization address new.block.checkb
+  % jtb: back to normal style: organization, address
+  organization "organization" output.check
+  address output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors
+  "author" output.check
+  author format.key output          % added
+  output.year.check                 % added
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  "M.S.\ thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output            % added
+  output.year.check                   % added
+  title howpublished new.block.checkb
+  format.title output
+  new.block
+  howpublished output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors
+  "author" output.check
+  author format.key output            % added
+  output.year.check                   % added
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block  
+  format.thesis.type "Ph.D. thesis" output.nonnull
+  school "school" output.check
+  address output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization output
+      organization format.key output }  % gnp - changed from author format.key
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+% author format.key output             % gnp - removed (should be either
+%                                        editor or organization
+  output.year.check                    % added (newapa)
+  new.block
+  format.btitle format.city "title" output.check	% jtb: added city
+  new.sentence
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  new.sentence
+  organization output
+  % jtb: normal order: publisher, address
+  publisher output
+  address output
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors
+  "author" output.check
+  author format.key output             % added
+  output.year.check                    % added
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.tr.number output		% jtb: moved month ...
+  institution "institution" output.check
+  address output
+  new.sentence
+  month output				% jtb: ... to here (no parens)
+  new.block
+  note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors
+  "author" output.check
+  author format.key output              % added
+  output.year.check                      % added
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  note "note" output.check
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}		% jtb: corrected: was "March"
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}		% jtb: corrected: was "April"
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"June"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"July"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acmlett} {"ACM Lett. Program. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {ai} {"Artificial Intelligence"}
+
+MACRO {al} {"Ada Lett."}
+
+MACRO {acr} {"Adv. Comput. Res."}
+
+MACRO {bit} {"Bit"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {cj} {"Comput. J."}
+
+MACRO {cn} {"Comput. Netw."}
+
+MACRO {cl} {"Comput. Lang."}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ict} {"Inf. Contr."}
+
+MACRO {ieebcs} {"IEE/BCS Softw. Eng. J."}
+
+MACRO {ieees} {"IEEE Softw."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetpds} {"IEEE Trans. Parall. Distrib. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetit} {"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {icp} {"Inf. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ist} {"Inf. Softw. Tech."}
+
+MACRO {ijsa} {"Int. J. Supercomput. Appl."}
+
+MACRO {ijpp} {"Int. J. Parallel Program."}
+
+MACRO {jlp} {"J. Logic Program."}
+
+MACRO {jfp} {"J. Funct. Program."}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J. Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {jsmrp} {"J. Softw. Maint. Res. Pract."}
+
+MACRO {jss} {"J. Syst. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {jlc} {"J. Logic and Comput."}
+
+MACRO {jlsc} {"J. Lisp Symb. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {lpls} {"Lett. Program. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {mor} {"Math. Oper. Res."}
+
+MACRO {mscs} {"Math. Struct. Comput. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {mst} {"Math. Syst. Theor."}	% jtb: was Math. Syst. Theory
+				% jtb: (if you ask me, I prefer the old way)
+MACRO {ngc} {"New Gen. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {spe} {"Softw. Pract. Exper."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}	% jtb: was Theor. Comp. Sci.
+
+MACRO {tr} {"Tech. Rep."}
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+  "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+  'len :=
+  s #1 len substring$ =
+    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+
+
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  ""
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { nameptr #1 >
+          { "   " * }
+         'skip$
+      if$
+      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
+          { " et~al" * }
+          { t sortify * }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+  "A " #2
+    "An " #3
+      "The " #4 t chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  sortify
+  #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+           "" }
+         { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+           ""
+         }
+         { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { "missing author in " cite$ * warning$
+      editor empty$
+         { key empty$
+             { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+               ""
+             }
+             { key sortify }
+           if$
+         }
+         { editor sort.format.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
+%
+% added - GNP. Stack author or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
+% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
+%
+{ author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+	{ key empty$
+	    { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+	      ""
+	    }
+	    { key sortify }
+	  if$
+	}
+	{ organization sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
+%
+% added - GNP. Stack editor or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
+% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
+%
+{ editor empty$
+    { organization empty$
+	{ key empty$
+	    { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+	      ""
+	    }
+	    { key sortify }
+	  if$
+	}
+	{ organization sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {presort}
+%
+% Presort creates the bibentry's label via a call to calc.label, and then
+% sorts the entries based on entry type. Chicago.bst adds support for
+% including organizations as the sort key; the following is stolen from
+% alpha.bst.
+%
+{ calc.label sortify % recalculate bibitem label
+  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
+  "    "
+  *
+  type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.sort
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+	'editor.organization.sort
+	{ type$ "manual" =
+	    'author.organization.sort
+	    'author.sort
+	  if$
+	}
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$        % added for newapa
+  'sort.label :=                  % added for newapa
+  sort.label                      % added for newapa
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+SORT             % by label, year, author/editor, title
+
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+  "" 'next.extra :=
+  #0 'last.extra.num :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+%
+% Pass through all entries, comparing current entry to last one.
+% Need to concatenate year to the stack (done by calc.label) to determine
+% if two entries are the same (see presort)
+%
+{ last.label
+  calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$ =     % are they equal?
+     { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+       last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+     }
+     { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+       "" 'extra.label :=
+       calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
+       #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'last.label := % assign to last.label
+     }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+    { "a" 'extra.label := }
+     'skip$
+  if$
+  label.year extra.label * 'sort.year :=
+  extra.label 'next.extra :=
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+  "    "
+  *
+  year field.or.null sortify
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+
+SORT             % by sort.label, year, title --- giving final bib. order.
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+