summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/tlpkg/tlperl/lib/Unicode/Normalize.pm
blob: d0f35a914df2a6242ce01f9f5a71fc72038ddbc2 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
package Unicode::Normalize;

BEGIN {
    unless ("A" eq pack('U', 0x41)) {
	die "Unicode::Normalize cannot stringify a Unicode code point\n";
    }
}

use 5.006;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Carp;

no warnings 'utf8';

our $VERSION = '1.16';
our $PACKAGE = __PACKAGE__;

our @EXPORT = qw( NFC NFD NFKC NFKD );
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
    normalize decompose reorder compose
    checkNFD checkNFKD checkNFC checkNFKC check
    getCanon getCompat getComposite getCombinClass
    isExclusion isSingleton isNonStDecomp isComp2nd isComp_Ex
    isNFD_NO isNFC_NO isNFC_MAYBE isNFKD_NO isNFKC_NO isNFKC_MAYBE
    FCD checkFCD FCC checkFCC composeContiguous splitOnLastStarter
    normalize_partial NFC_partial NFD_partial NFKC_partial NFKD_partial
);
our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
    all       => [ @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK ],
    normalize => [ @EXPORT, qw/normalize decompose reorder compose/ ],
    check     => [ qw/checkNFD checkNFKD checkNFC checkNFKC check/ ],
    fast      => [ qw/FCD checkFCD FCC checkFCC composeContiguous/ ],
);

##
## utilities for tests
##

sub pack_U {
    return pack('U*', @_);
}

sub unpack_U {
    return unpack('U*', shift(@_).pack('U*'));
}

require Exporter;

##### The above part is common to XS and PP #####

our @ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);
require DynaLoader;
bootstrap Unicode::Normalize $VERSION;

##### The below part is common to XS and PP #####

##
## normalize
##

sub FCD ($) {
    my $str = shift;
    return checkFCD($str) ? $str : NFD($str);
}

our %formNorm = (
    NFC  => \&NFC,	C  => \&NFC,
    NFD  => \&NFD,	D  => \&NFD,
    NFKC => \&NFKC,	KC => \&NFKC,
    NFKD => \&NFKD,	KD => \&NFKD,
    FCD  => \&FCD,	FCC => \&FCC,
);

sub normalize($$)
{
    my $form = shift;
    my $str = shift;
    if (exists $formNorm{$form}) {
	return $formNorm{$form}->($str);
    }
    croak($PACKAGE."::normalize: invalid form name: $form");
}

##
## partial
##

sub normalize_partial ($$) {
    if (exists $formNorm{$_[0]}) {
	my $n = normalize($_[0], $_[1]);
	my($p, $u) = splitOnLastStarter($n);
	$_[1] = $u;
	return $p;
    }
    croak($PACKAGE."::normalize_partial: invalid form name: $_[0]");
}

sub NFD_partial ($) { return normalize_partial('NFD', $_[0]) }
sub NFC_partial ($) { return normalize_partial('NFC', $_[0]) }
sub NFKD_partial($) { return normalize_partial('NFKD',$_[0]) }
sub NFKC_partial($) { return normalize_partial('NFKC',$_[0]) }

##
## check
##

our %formCheck = (
    NFC  => \&checkNFC, 	C  => \&checkNFC,
    NFD  => \&checkNFD, 	D  => \&checkNFD,
    NFKC => \&checkNFKC,	KC => \&checkNFKC,
    NFKD => \&checkNFKD,	KD => \&checkNFKD,
    FCD  => \&checkFCD, 	FCC => \&checkFCC,
);

sub check($$)
{
    my $form = shift;
    my $str = shift;
    if (exists $formCheck{$form}) {
	return $formCheck{$form}->($str);
    }
    croak($PACKAGE."::check: invalid form name: $form");
}

1;
__END__

=head1 NAME

Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms

=head1 SYNOPSIS

(1) using function names exported by default:

  use Unicode::Normalize;

  $NFD_string  = NFD($string);  # Normalization Form D
  $NFC_string  = NFC($string);  # Normalization Form C
  $NFKD_string = NFKD($string); # Normalization Form KD
  $NFKC_string = NFKC($string); # Normalization Form KC

(2) using function names exported on request:

  use Unicode::Normalize 'normalize';

  $NFD_string  = normalize('D',  $string);  # Normalization Form D
  $NFC_string  = normalize('C',  $string);  # Normalization Form C
  $NFKD_string = normalize('KD', $string);  # Normalization Form KD
  $NFKC_string = normalize('KC', $string);  # Normalization Form KC

=head1 DESCRIPTION

Parameters:

C<$string> is used as a string under character semantics (see F<perlunicode>).

C<$code_point> should be an unsigned integer representing a Unicode code point.

Note: Between XSUB and pure Perl, there is an incompatibility
about the interpretation of C<$code_point> as a decimal number.
XSUB converts C<$code_point> to an unsigned integer, but pure Perl does not.
Do not use a floating point nor a negative sign in C<$code_point>.

=head2 Normalization Forms

=over 4

=item C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>

It returns the Normalization Form D (formed by canonical decomposition).

=item C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>

It returns the Normalization Form C (formed by canonical decomposition
followed by canonical composition).

=item C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>

It returns the Normalization Form KD (formed by compatibility decomposition).

=item C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>

It returns the Normalization Form KC (formed by compatibility decomposition
followed by B<canonical> composition).

=item C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>

If the given string is in FCD ("Fast C or D" form; cf. UTN #5),
it returns the string without modification; otherwise it returns an FCD string.

Note: FCD is not always unique, then plural forms may be equivalent
each other. C<FCD()> will return one of these equivalent forms.

=item C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>

It returns the FCC form ("Fast C Contiguous"; cf. UTN #5).

Note: FCC is unique, as well as four normalization forms (NF*).

=item C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>

It returns the normalization form of C<$form_name>.

As C<$form_name>, one of the following names must be given.

  'C'  or 'NFC'  for Normalization Form C  (UAX #15)
  'D'  or 'NFD'  for Normalization Form D  (UAX #15)
  'KC' or 'NFKC' for Normalization Form KC (UAX #15)
  'KD' or 'NFKD' for Normalization Form KD (UAX #15)

  'FCD'          for "Fast C or D" Form  (UTN #5)
  'FCC'          for "Fast C Contiguous" (UTN #5)

=back

=head2 Decomposition and Composition

=over 4

=item C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string [, $useCompatMapping])>

It returns the concatenation of the decomposition of each character
in the string.

If the second parameter (a boolean) is omitted or false,
the decomposition is canonical decomposition;
if the second parameter (a boolean) is true,
the decomposition is compatibility decomposition.

The string returned is not always in NFD/NFKD. Reordering may be required.

    $NFD_string  = reorder(decompose($string));       # eq. to NFD()
    $NFKD_string = reorder(decompose($string, TRUE)); # eq. to NFKD()

=item C<$reordered_string = reorder($string)>

It returns the result of reordering the combining characters
according to Canonical Ordering Behavior.

For example, when you have a list of NFD/NFKD strings,
you can get the concatenated NFD/NFKD string from them, by saying

    $concat_NFD  = reorder(join '', @NFD_strings);
    $concat_NFKD = reorder(join '', @NFKD_strings);

=item C<$composed_string = compose($string)>

It returns the result of canonical composition
without applying any decomposition.

For example, when you have a NFD/NFKD string,
you can get its NFC/NFKC string, by saying

    $NFC_string  = compose($NFD_string);
    $NFKC_string = compose($NFKD_string);

=item C<($processed, $unprocessed) = splitOnLastStarter($normalized)>

It returns two strings: the first one, C<$processed>, is a part
before the last starter, and the second one, C<$unprocessed> is
another part after the first part. A starter is a character having
a combining class of zero (see UAX #15).

Note that C<$processed> may be empty (when C<$normalized> contains no
starter or starts with the last starter), and then C<$unprocessed>
should be equal to the entire C<$normalized>.

When you have a C<$normalized> string and an C<$unnormalized> string
following it, a simple concatenation is wrong:

    $concat = $normalized . normalize($form, $unnormalized); # wrong!

Instead of it, do like this:

    ($processed, $unprocessed) = splitOnLastStarter($normalized);
     $concat = $processed . normalize($form, $unprocessed.$unnormalized);

C<splitOnLastStarter()> should be called with a pre-normalized parameter
C<$normalized>, that is in the same form as C<$form> you want.

If you have an array of C<@string> that should be concatenated and then
normalized, you can do like this:

    my $result = "";
    my $unproc = "";
    foreach my $str (@string) {
        $unproc .= $str;
        my $n = normalize($form, $unproc);
        my($p, $u) = splitOnLastStarter($n);
        $result .= $p;
        $unproc  = $u;
    }
    $result .= $unproc;
    # instead of normalize($form, join('', @string))

=item C<$processed = normalize_partial($form, $unprocessed)>

A wrapper for the combination of C<normalize()> and C<splitOnLastStarter()>.
Note that C<$unprocessed> will be modified as a side-effect.

If you have an array of C<@string> that should be concatenated and then
normalized, you can do like this:

    my $result = "";
    my $unproc = "";
    foreach my $str (@string) {
        $unproc .= $str;
        $result .= normalize_partial($form, $unproc);
    }
    $result .= $unproc;
    # instead of normalize($form, join('', @string))

=item C<$processed = NFD_partial($unprocessed)>

It does like C<normalize_partial('NFD', $unprocessed)>.
Note that C<$unprocessed> will be modified as a side-effect.

=item C<$processed = NFC_partial($unprocessed)>

It does like C<normalize_partial('NFC', $unprocessed)>.
Note that C<$unprocessed> will be modified as a side-effect.

=item C<$processed = NFKD_partial($unprocessed)>

It does like C<normalize_partial('NFKD', $unprocessed)>.
Note that C<$unprocessed> will be modified as a side-effect.

=item C<$processed = NFKC_partial($unprocessed)>

It does like C<normalize_partial('NFKC', $unprocessed)>.
Note that C<$unprocessed> will be modified as a side-effect.

=back

=head2 Quick Check

(see Annex 8, UAX #15; and F<DerivedNormalizationProps.txt>)

The following functions check whether the string is in that normalization form.

The result returned will be one of the following:

    YES     The string is in that normalization form.
    NO      The string is not in that normalization form.
    MAYBE   Dubious. Maybe yes, maybe no.

=over 4

=item C<$result = checkNFD($string)>

It returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>.

=item C<$result = checkNFC($string)>

It returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>;
C<undef> if C<MAYBE>.

=item C<$result = checkNFKD($string)>

It returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>.

=item C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>

It returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>;
C<undef> if C<MAYBE>.

=item C<$result = checkFCD($string)>

It returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>.

=item C<$result = checkFCC($string)>

It returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>;
C<undef> if C<MAYBE>.

Note: If a string is not in FCD, it must not be in FCC.
So C<checkFCC($not_FCD_string)> should return C<NO>.

=item C<$result = check($form_name, $string)>

It returns true (C<1>) if C<YES>; false (C<empty string>) if C<NO>;
C<undef> if C<MAYBE>.

As C<$form_name>, one of the following names must be given.

  'C'  or 'NFC'  for Normalization Form C  (UAX #15)
  'D'  or 'NFD'  for Normalization Form D  (UAX #15)
  'KC' or 'NFKC' for Normalization Form KC (UAX #15)
  'KD' or 'NFKD' for Normalization Form KD (UAX #15)

  'FCD'          for "Fast C or D" Form  (UTN #5)
  'FCC'          for "Fast C Contiguous" (UTN #5)

=back

B<Note>

In the cases of NFD, NFKD, and FCD, the answer must be
either C<YES> or C<NO>. The answer C<MAYBE> may be returned
in the cases of NFC, NFKC, and FCC.

A C<MAYBE> string should contain at least one combining character
or the like. For example, C<COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT> has
the MAYBE_NFC/MAYBE_NFKC property.

Both C<checkNFC("A\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}")>
and C<checkNFC("B\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}")> will return C<MAYBE>.
C<"A\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}"> is not in NFC
(its NFC is C<"\N{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE}">),
while C<"B\N{COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT}"> is in NFC.

If you want to check exactly, compare the string with its NFC/NFKC/FCC.

    if ($string eq NFC($string)) {
        # $string is exactly normalized in NFC;
    } else {
        # $string is not normalized in NFC;
    }

    if ($string eq NFKC($string)) {
        # $string is exactly normalized in NFKC;
    } else {
        # $string is not normalized in NFKC;
    }

=head2 Character Data

These functions are interface of character data used internally.
If you want only to get Unicode normalization forms, you don't need
call them yourself.

=over 4

=item C<$canonical_decomposition = getCanon($code_point)>

If the character is canonically decomposable (including Hangul Syllables),
it returns the (full) canonical decomposition as a string.
Otherwise it returns C<undef>.

B<Note:> According to the Unicode standard, the canonical decomposition
of the character that is not canonically decomposable is same as
the character itself.

=item C<$compatibility_decomposition = getCompat($code_point)>

If the character is compatibility decomposable (including Hangul Syllables),
it returns the (full) compatibility decomposition as a string.
Otherwise it returns C<undef>.

B<Note:> According to the Unicode standard, the compatibility decomposition
of the character that is not compatibility decomposable is same as
the character itself.

=item C<$code_point_composite = getComposite($code_point_here, $code_point_next)>

If two characters here and next (as code points) are composable
(including Hangul Jamo/Syllables and Composition Exclusions),
it returns the code point of the composite.

If they are not composable, it returns C<undef>.

=item C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($code_point)>

It returns the combining class (as an integer) of the character.

=item C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($code_point)>

It returns a boolean whether the character of the specified codepoint
may be composed with the previous one in a certain composition
(including Hangul Compositions, but excluding
Composition Exclusions and Non-Starter Decompositions).

=item C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($code_point)>

It returns a boolean whether the code point is a composition exclusion.

=item C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($code_point)>

It returns a boolean whether the code point is a singleton

=item C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($code_point)>

It returns a boolean whether the code point has Non-Starter Decomposition.

=item C<$is_Full_Composition_Exclusion = isComp_Ex($code_point)>

It returns a boolean of the derived property Comp_Ex
(Full_Composition_Exclusion). This property is generated from
Composition Exclusions + Singletons + Non-Starter Decompositions.

=item C<$NFD_is_NO = isNFD_NO($code_point)>

It returns a boolean of the derived property NFD_NO
(NFD_Quick_Check=No).

=item C<$NFC_is_NO = isNFC_NO($code_point)>

It returns a boolean of the derived property NFC_NO
(NFC_Quick_Check=No).

=item C<$NFC_is_MAYBE = isNFC_MAYBE($code_point)>

It returns a boolean of the derived property NFC_MAYBE
(NFC_Quick_Check=Maybe).

=item C<$NFKD_is_NO = isNFKD_NO($code_point)>

It returns a boolean of the derived property NFKD_NO
(NFKD_Quick_Check=No).

=item C<$NFKC_is_NO = isNFKC_NO($code_point)>

It returns a boolean of the derived property NFKC_NO
(NFKC_Quick_Check=No).

=item C<$NFKC_is_MAYBE = isNFKC_MAYBE($code_point)>

It returns a boolean of the derived property NFKC_MAYBE
(NFKC_Quick_Check=Maybe).

=back

=head1 EXPORT

C<NFC>, C<NFD>, C<NFKC>, C<NFKD>: by default.

C<normalize> and other some functions: on request.

=head1 CAVEATS

=over 4

=item Perl's version vs. Unicode version

Since this module refers to perl core's Unicode database in the directory
F</lib/unicore> (or formerly F</lib/unicode>), the Unicode version of
normalization implemented by this module depends on your perl's version.

    perl's version     implemented Unicode version
       5.6.1              3.0.1
       5.7.2              3.1.0
       5.7.3              3.1.1 (normalization is same as 3.1.0)
       5.8.0              3.2.0
     5.8.1-5.8.3          4.0.0
     5.8.4-5.8.6          4.0.1 (normalization is same as 4.0.0)
     5.8.7-5.8.8          4.1.0
       5.10.0             5.0.0
    5.8.9, 5.10.1         5.1.0
    5.12.0-5.12.3         5.2.0
       5.14.x             6.0.0
       5.16.x             6.1.0

=item Correction of decomposition mapping

In older Unicode versions, a small number of characters (all of which are
CJK compatibility ideographs as far as they have been found) may have
an erroneous decomposition mapping (see F<NormalizationCorrections.txt>).
Anyhow, this module will neither refer to F<NormalizationCorrections.txt>
nor provide any specific version of normalization. Therefore this module
running on an older perl with an older Unicode database may use
the erroneous decomposition mapping blindly conforming to the Unicode database.

=item Revised definition of canonical composition

In Unicode 4.1.0, the definition D2 of canonical composition (which
affects NFC and NFKC) has been changed (see Public Review Issue #29
and recent UAX #15). This module has used the newer definition
since the version 0.07 (Oct 31, 2001).
This module will not support the normalization according to the older
definition, even if the Unicode version implemented by perl is
lower than 4.1.0.

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

SADAHIRO Tomoyuki <SADAHIRO@cpan.org>

Copyright(C) 2001-2012, SADAHIRO Tomoyuki. Japan. All rights reserved.

This module is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

=head1 SEE ALSO

=over 4

=item http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/

Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15

=item http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/CompositionExclusions.txt

Composition Exclusion Table

=item http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt

Derived Normalization Properties

=item http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NormalizationCorrections.txt

Normalization Corrections

=item http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html

Public Review Issue #29: Normalization Issue

=item http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/

Canonical Equivalence in Applications - UTN #5

=back

=cut