1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
|
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta name="generator" content=
"HTML Tidy for Linux (vers 25 March 2009), see www.w3.org" />
<title>4 Going further: Editing tools</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
"text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content=
"TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)" />
<meta name="originator" content=
"TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)" />
<!-- info,2,imgdir:images/,sec-filename,next,index=2,url-enc,html -->
<meta name="src" content="index.tex" />
<meta name="date" content="2011-05-26 18:30:00" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css" />
<style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve">
/*<![CDATA[*/
em.c9 {font-weight: bold}
/*]]>*/
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--l. 5-->
<p class="noindent"></p>
<div id="container">
<!--l. 5-->
<div class="crosslinks">
<p class="noindent">[<a href=
"GoingfurtherOthertools.html">next</a>] [<a href=
"Firststeps.html">prev</a>] [<a href=
"Firststeps.html#tailFirststeps.html">prev-tail</a>] [<a href=
"#tailGoingfurtherEditingtools.html">tail</a>] [<a href=
"index.html#GoingfurtherEditingtools.html">up</a>]</p>
</div><!--l. 5-->
<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="chapternumber">
4
</div>
<h1><a id="x22-170004" name="x22-170004"></a>Going further: Editing
tools</h1><!--l. 7-->
<p class="indent">When you have had some practise with
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks, you’ll find the need for more effective tools.
Many of them are bundled with T<sub>E</sub>Xworks. We are going to
see some of them now.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1</span> <a id=
"x22-180004.1" name="x22-180004.1"></a>Creating a document from a
template</h3><a id="dx22-18001" name="dx22-18001"></a> <!--l. 11-->
<p class="noindent">Most documents you will create will use the
same instructions in the preamble, the same layout settings,
similar heading and so on. You can use predefined templates to get
started quickly or create your own with all of these settings
already in place. <!--l. 13--></p>
<p class="indent">Use <em class="c9">File</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">New from template…</em> or
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">N</span> (Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src=
"images/MacCmdKey.png" alt="pict" /></span><span class=
"keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class="keystroke">N</span>).
A dialogue box opens to allow you to select one of the templates.
After selecting one and pressing <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">OK</span>, a document is created and
you can start to work. <!--l. 15--></p>
<p class="indent">If you want to create a personal template, you
just have to create a suitable document with everything you always
want to do (and perhaps marking places to fill in the rest) and
save it as a <span class="path">.tex</span> file in the
<span class="path"><resources>\templates</span> folder, or a
sub-folder of it, if you wish. <!--l. 17--></p>
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2</span> <a id=
"x22-190004.2" name="x22-190004.2"></a>Creating a project using
several source files</h3><a id="dx22-19001" name="dx22-19001"></a>
<!--l. 19-->
<p class="noindent">When the source becomes long, it is sometimes
difficult to navigate and maintain it. In that case, it is useful
to split the source into different smaller files: one file will be
the main document, with the preamble and the <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">document</span> environment, as well
as calls to the “sub-documents”<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index23.html#fn1x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><a id="x22-19002f1" name=
"x22-19002f1"></a>, which could in turn contain separate chapters,
for example. <!--l. 22--></p>
<p class="indent">But there might be a problem if you want to start
typesetting/compilation in a sub-document: as there is neither a
preamble nor a <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">document</span> environment there,
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X will stop immediately with an error.
<!--l. 24--></p>
<p class="indent">To tell T<sub>E</sub>Xworks that it should
typeset the main document, one adds at the very beginning of the
sub-document the instruction:<a id="dx22-19003" name=
"dx22-19003"></a></p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5">
<a id="x22-19005r1" name="x22-19005r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> %</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> !TeX</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> root</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> =</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> path/main_file.tex</span>
</div><!--l. 28-->
<p class="noindent">for example:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6">
<a id="x22-19007r1" name="x22-19007r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> %</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> !TeX</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> root</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> =</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> manual.tex</span>
</div><!--l. 33-->
<p class="indent">If the main file is in the same folder, its name
is enough, as in the above example. Otherwise, you must also give
the path to the main document (preferably relative to the
sub-document in question, e.g., <span class=
"path">../manual.tex</span>). Notice that the slash <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">/</span> and not the backslash
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\</span> should be used
as directory separator even on Windows. <!--l. 35--></p>
<p class="indent">Further, with MiKTeX, the call to a sub-document
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\input{name.tex}</span>
should include the extension <span class="path">.tex</span> to
ensure proper SyncTeX functionality (see section <a href=
"GoingfurtherOthertools.html#x31-310005.1">5.1
<!--tex4ht:ref: sec.synctex --></a>).</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3</span> <a id=
"x22-200004.3" name="x22-200004.3"></a>Spell-checking</h3>
<!--l. 39-->
<p class="noindent">You can turn on automatic spell-checking<a id=
"dx22-20001" name="dx22-20001"></a> of your source document from
<em class="c9">Edit</em> <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Spelling</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9"><language></em>.
<!--l. 41--></p>
<p class="indent">During typing, every word the spell-checker
considers wrong is underlined by a red wavy line. A right-click on
the word opens a contextual menu in which there are some
replacement suggestions. Click on the desired word to make the
replacement. <!--l. 43--></p>
<p class="indent">Before using the spell-checker, you need to
install dictionaries in the right folder of T<sub>E</sub>Xworks:
<span class="path"><resources>\dictionaries</span>.
<!--l. 45--></p>
<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="OSspecific">
<div class="OSspecificLogo OSLinux"></div>On Linux, the
dictionaries are usually taken from the folder <span class=
"path">/usr/share/myspell/dicts</span>—the default path for myspell
dictionaries. Note, though, that the maintainer of your
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks package may have changed this to reflect the
file system layout of your Linux distribution. You can override
this default by setting the <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">TW_DICPATH</span> environment
variable before running T<sub>E</sub>Xworks.
</div><!--l. 49-->
<p class="indent">One can use the available dictionaries for
OpenOffice.org and other free software;<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index24.html#fn2x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><a id="x22-20002f2" name=
"x22-20002f2"></a> if you have Mozilla Thunderbird with
spell-checking, you can copy its <span class="path">.aff</span> and
<span class="path">.dic</span> files<a id="dx22-20003" name=
"dx22-20003"></a><a id="dx22-20004" name="dx22-20004"></a> as well,
for example. It is possible to ask T<sub>E</sub>Xworks to enable
spell-checking by default by setting a dictionary in <em class=
"c9">Edit</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Preferences…</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Editor</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Spell-check
language</em>.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.4</span> <a id=
"x22-210004.4" name="x22-210004.4"></a>Search and
replace</h3><a id="dx22-21001" name="dx22-21001"></a> <a id=
"dx22-21002" name="dx22-21002"></a> <!--l. 54-->
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.4.1</span>
<a id="x22-220004.4.1" name="x22-220004.4.1"></a>Standard
functions</h4><!--l. 56-->
<p class="noindent">The options of the menu <em class=
"c9">Search</em>—<em class="c9">Find…</em>, <em class="c9">Find
again</em>, <em class="c9">Replace…</em>, <em class="c9">Replace
again</em>, and <em class="c9">Go to Line…</em> (<span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">F</span>,
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke">G</span>, <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">R</span>,
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">R</span>, and <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">L</span>,
respectively)—are standard actions (Mac OS X: <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">F</span>, <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">G</span>, <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">R</span>, <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class="keystroke">R</span>,
and <span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">L</span>); the first and
the third open a dialogue box:</p>
<div class="center">
<!--l. 58-->
<p class="noindent"><!--l. 59--></p>
<p class="noindent"><img src="images/replaceDialog.png" alt=
"pict" /></p>
</div><!--l. 62-->
<p class="indent">Here, the usual options are available: <em>Wrap
around</em>, <em>Find backwards</em>, <em>Search/Replace within
selection</em>, or <em>Find all occurrences</em>. The following
options are also usual: <em>Case sensitive</em> and <em>Whole
words</em>. By default, the search is forward, towards the end of
the document. <!--l. 64--></p>
<p class="indent">The option <em>Search/Replace in all open
files</em> is also a frequent choice, but not as much as the
others; this allows, for example, replacement in all the files of a
project—pay attention, though, as this is very powerful.
<!--l. 66--></p>
<p class="indent">The last option, <em>Regular expression</em>, is
detailed in the next sub-section. <!--l. 68--></p>
<p class="indent">In the <em class="c9">Search</em> menu there are
other options:</p>
<dl class="description">
<dt class="description"><span class="ec-lmbx-12">Copy to
Find</span></dt>
<dd class="description">copies the currently selected text into the
<b><span class="ec-lmro-12">Find</span></b> field of the Find
dialogue or the <b><span class="ec-lmro-12">Replace</span></b>
field of the Replace dialogue; you still need to open the dialogues
separately</dd>
<dt class="description"><span class="ec-lmbx-12">Copy to
Replace</span></dt>
<dd class="description">copies the currently selected text into the
<b><span class="ec-lmro-12">With</span></b> field of the
<b><span class="ec-lmro-12">Replace</span></b> dialogue</dd>
<dt class="description"><span class="ec-lmbx-12">Find
Selection</span></dt>
<dd class="description">uses the current selection for a search
without opening the <b><span class="ec-lmro-12">Find</span></b>
dialogue—very fast</dd>
<dt class="description"><span class="ec-lmbx-12">Show
selection</span></dt>
<dd class="description">scrolls the view to the currently selected
text—useful if word wrapping is turned off and you moved in the
document using the vertical scroll bar on the right</dd>
</dl><!--l. 76-->
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.4.2</span>
<a id="x22-230004.4.2" name="x22-230004.4.2"></a>Advanced search
and replace (regular expressions)</h4><a id="dx22-23001" name=
"dx22-23001"></a> <!--l. 78-->
<p class="noindent">The regular expressions provide a very powerful
tool, but they require some effort to be well understood. To
understand them fully would require a manual of its own<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index25.html#fn3x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">3</sup></a></span><a id="x22-23002f3" name=
"x22-23002f3"></a>, so we’ll only give some simple ideas of use.
For more advanced uses, as well as lists of the most used codes,
see section <a href="Regularexpressions.html#x43-51000B">B
<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:regexp --></a>. <!--l. 80--></p>
<p class="indent">Suppose we have the following text:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7">
<a id="x22-23004r1" name="x22-23004r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> pour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> tester</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> les</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> expressions</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> r</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éguli</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ères</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> dans</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23006r2" name="x22-23006r2"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> accentu</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">é.</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23008r3" name="x22-23008r3"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> pour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> tester</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> les</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> expressions</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> r</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éguli</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ères</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> dans</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23010r4" name="x22-23010r4"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> accentu</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">é.</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23012r5" name="x22-23012r5"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> pour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> tester</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> les</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> expressions</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> r</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éguli</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ères.</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23014r6" name="x22-23014r6"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> pour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> tester</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> les</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> expressions</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> r</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éguli</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ères.</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23016r7" name="x22-23016r7"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> truc</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> truc</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23018r8" name="x22-23018r8"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> t</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">él.:</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> 010-99-99-99</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23020r9" name="x22-23020r9"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> t</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">él.:</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> 00.32.10.99.99.99</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23022r10" name="x22-23022r10"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> t</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">él.:</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> 00/32-10/99.99.99</span>
</div><!--l. 93-->
<p class="noindent">We want to</p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x22-23024x1">insert an empty line after
each “accentué” (to create paragraphs in
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X), but not after the three telephone
numbers;</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x22-23026x2">replace each <span class=
"ec-lmro-12">tab</span> character between the two words “truc” of
the fourth paragraph by three spaces; and finally</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x22-23028x3">make the telephone numbers
consistent by replacing the various punctuation characters by
spaces.</li>
</ol><!--l. 100-->
<p class="indent">For 1., in the dialogue box <b><span class=
"ec-lmro-12">Replace</span></b> (<span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">R</span>) for
<em>Replace:</em> we put ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n</span>‹<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index26.html#fn4x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">4</sup></a></span><a id="x22-23029f4" name=
"x22-23029f4"></a> and in <em>With:</em> ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\n</span>‹. ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n</span>‹ is the code to match or
insert a line feed. You will need to select the first four
paragraphs and the beginning of the fifth (the first telephone
number) and to tick the <em>Replace within selection</em> and
<em>Regular expression</em> options; if this was not done and an
empty line has been inserted after each line, select the telephone
lines and do the reverse action: replace ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\n</span>‹ by ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n</span>‹. So we replaced one line
feed by two, creating an empty line. <!--l. 102--></p>
<p class="indent">For 2., use ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\t</span>‹ and ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">␣␣␣</span>‹<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index27.html#fn5x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">5</sup></a></span><a id="x22-23030f5" name=
"x22-23030f5"></a>. ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\t</span>‹ is the code which
represents a tab, while a space is typed in literally (here
represented as <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">␣</span>).
<!--l. 104--></p>
<p class="indent">For 3., find ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">-|\.|/</span>‹ and replace with
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">␣</span>‹. Here,
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">|</span>‹ provides
alternatives (<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">-</span>,
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">.</span>, or <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">/</span>); for the dot we have used
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\.</span>‹ because the
dot alone is a regular expression code which represents any
character and we would have replaced all the characters by spaces!
We therefore have to use a code—prefixing the dot with a backslash
tells specifies that the normal meaning of the dot should be used
instead of the special meaning it usually has in regular
expressions. <!--l. 106--></p>
<p class="indent">If one has strings of the same character but of
different lengths (for example 3, 4, or 5 times the sames character
e) and one wants to truncate all these strings to a string with
less characters (for example 2), one can ask to replace the string
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">e{3,5}</span>‹ by
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">ee</span>‹.
<!--l. 108--></p>
<p class="indent">If one wants to insert the same string at the
beginning of some paragraphs separated or not by an empty line, for
example ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\noindent␣</span>‹ or ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\item␣</span>‹, one can replace
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\n</span>‹ or
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n</span>‹ by
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\n\\noindent␣</span>‹
or ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\\noindent␣</span>‹. Pay attention,
we have a double <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\</span>
in front of <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">noindent</span> to get one
(<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\noindent</span>)
because <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\</span> is an
escape character in regular expressions (we’ve met it before in the
expression <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\.</span>)!
<!--l. 110--></p>
<p class="indent">If it were making sense, we could replace all the
letters between “a” and “m” by “$” using ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">[a-m]</span>‹ and ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">$</span>‹.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5</span> <a id=
"x22-240004.5" name="x22-240004.5"></a>Other tools for editing and
error tracking</h3><!--l. 114-->
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5.1</span>
<a id="x22-250004.5.1" name="x22-250004.5.1"></a>Standard
tools</h4><!--l. 116-->
<p class="noindent">It is always possible to undo<a id="dx22-25001"
name="dx22-25001"></a> an action using <em class=
"c9">Edit</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Undo</em> or <span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke">Z</span> (Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src=
"images/MacCmdKey.png" alt="pict" /></span><span class=
"keystroke">Z</span>): this way you can undo stepwise! The inverse
action, redo, is available as <em class="c9">Edit</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Redo</em><a id="dx22-25002"
name="dx22-25002"></a> or <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class="keystroke">Z</span>
(Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png"
alt="pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">Z</span>).<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index28.html#fn6x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">6</sup></a></span><a id="x22-25003f6" name=
"x22-25003f6"></a> <!--l. 118--></p>
<p class="indent">T<sub>E</sub>Xworks also provides the standard
editing tools such as the clipboard; therefore one can select,
cut/copy and paste a piece of text normally. <!--l. 120--></p>
<p class="indent">You can select with the mouse by dragging over
the desired text, or by double-clicking to select a word. Using the
keyboard, holding down <span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span> while moving using the arrow keys
will select text. You can also move and select word by word moving
left or right holding <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span> down ( <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span> on Mac OS X). The clipboard
shortcuts are the ones you’ll find in almost every program:
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">X</span>
to cut, <span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke">C</span> to copy, and <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">V</span> to paste (
<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">X</span>, <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">C</span> and <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">V</span>, respectively, on
Mac OS X). <!--l. 122--></p>
<p class="indent">You can easily change the case<a id="dx22-25004"
name="dx22-25004"></a> of a selection—put everything upper case or
lower case—using <em class="c9">Edit</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Change case</em> and next,
depending on the desired effect, <em class="c9">ALL UPPERCASE</em>,
<em class="c9">all lowercase</em>, or <em class="c9">Toggle
Case</em> (which toggles the case of each letter individually).
<!--l. 124--></p>
<p class="indent">It is also convenient to show the line
numbers<a id="dx22-25005" name="dx22-25005"></a>, as all error
messages refer to these numbers; you can toggle the line numbers,
on the left of the editing panel, from <em class=
"c9">Format</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Line Numbers</em>.</p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5.2</span>
<a id="x22-260004.5.2" name="x22-260004.5.2"></a>Commenting</h4>
<!--l. 128-->
<p class="noindent">When preparing a document with
(L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X, it is often useful to prevent
compilation of a portion of text to be able to locate an error; you
can do this piece by piece until you find the part which causes the
error. For that, commenting the source block by block is needed.
<!--l. 130--></p>
<p class="indent">We have seen that the symbol <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">%</span> marks the beginning of a
comment. To comment<a id="dx22-26001" name="dx22-26001"></a> a big
piece of text, it is sufficient to select it and ask to mark it as
comment <em class="c9">Format</em> <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Comment</em> or
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">]</span> (Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src=
"images/MacCmdKey.png" alt="pict" /></span><span class=
"keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class="keystroke">]</span>).
To remove the comment, select the lines and choose <em class=
"c9">Format</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Uncomment</em><a id="dx22-26002" name="dx22-26002"></a> or
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">[</span> (Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src=
"images/MacCmdKey.png" alt="pict" /></span><span class=
"keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">[</span>).<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index29.html#fn7x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">7</sup></a></span><a id="x22-26003f7" name=
"x22-26003f7"></a></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5.3</span>
<a id="x22-270004.5.3" name="x22-270004.5.3"></a>Matching
delimiters</h4><!--l. 135-->
<p class="noindent">A frequent error is to forget a closing symbol:
parenthesis, bracket, square bracket, <em>etc</em>.
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks helps with a tool to show the pairs of symbols:
when the cursor moves over one of these symbols, its partner is
briefly highlighted. You can also select an entire block<a id=
"dx22-27001" name="dx22-27001"></a> using <em class=
"c9">Edit</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Balance Delimiters</em> or by the shortcut <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">B</span> (Mac OS X:
<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">B</span>). Thus, you will
immediately see the scope of the block. <!--l. 137--></p>
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5.4</span>
<a id="x22-280004.5.4" name="x22-280004.5.4"></a>Smart quotes</h4>
<!--l. 139-->
<p class="noindent">Another similar error, but this time semantic
and not hindering typesetting, is in the use of quotes when one
wants to give focus to some text. <!--l. 141--></p>
<p class="indent">There are two types of quotation marks in
English: the ‘single’ quotes and the “double” quotes. They are
formed by ‘ and ’; these are not the quotation marks used in
programming and found on the keyboard: <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">"</span> and <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ts1-lmtt12-">’</span>. Using the
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks smart quotes system, one can use the latter as
normal to automatically produce the typographically correct
single/double opening and close quotes. <!--l. 143--></p>
<p class="indent">In a <span class="path">.tex</span> document,
select one of the smart quotes system: <em class="c9">Format</em>
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Smart
Quotes</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">TeX
Ligatures</em>, <span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">TeX Commands</em>, <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Unicode Characters</em>.
Then, when you want to start a quoted section in your text, let’s
say enclosed in double quotes, type <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">"</span>, then the text to be quoted,
and finish again by <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">"</span>; T<sub>E</sub>Xworks will
automatically insert the correct opening quotes <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ts1-lmtt12-">``</span> and later the correct
closing ones <span class="obeylines-h verb ts1-lmtt12-">’’</span>.
The three options give the same result in the typeset document, but
<em class="c9">TeX Ligatures</em> should work best in most cases.
<!--l. 145--></p>
<p class="indent">Finally, it is possible to define personal
quotation marks systems (in the file <span class=
"path">smart-quotes-modes.txt</span> in the <span class=
"path">configuration</span> folder of the resource folder).
<!--l. 147--></p>
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.6</span> <a id=
"x22-290004.6" name="x22-290004.6"></a>Auto-completion</h3>
<!--l. 149-->
<p class="noindent">Another tool which rapidly becomes
indispensable is auto-completion. Indeed, when you use
(L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X, you have to continuously enter codes
to, for example, create environments; you also have to remember to
close every group you open. <!--l. 151--></p>
<p class="indent">Auto-completion allows you to type a keyword, hit
the <span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> key, and have
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks insert the (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X
command or environment code automatically. <!--l. 153--></p>
<p class="indent">As an example to insert
“L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X”, we have to type <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\LaTeX</span>. This is not difficult,
but entering “<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\</span>”
followed by the word “<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">LaTeX</span>” with alternating
capitals and lower case letters could become annoying after a
while.<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index30.html#fn8x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">8</sup></a></span><a id="x22-29001f8" name=
"x22-29001f8"></a> With auto-completion, you just enter
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">latex</span> and hit
<span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> to get <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\LaTeX</span>. You just have to take
care that there is no <em>letter</em> directly preceding or
succeeding <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">latex</span>—e.g., <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alatex</span>—, or else the mechanism
might not pick up the correct keyword. <!--l. 156--></p>
<p class="indent">Another example is <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">bmin</span>, which gives</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8">
<a id="x22-29003r1" name="x22-29003r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \begin{minipage}{}</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-29005r2" name="x22-29005r2"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">∙</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-29007r3" name="x22-29007r3"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \end{minipage}</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">∙</span>
</div><!--l. 162-->
<p class="noindent">with the cursor between the empty pair of curly
brackets where you need to enter the size of the minipage. See the
section <a href="CustomizingTw.html#x39-50000A.3">A.3
<!--tex4ht:ref: sec.autocompletion --></a> for a list of the
keywords for auto-completion. Notice the “<span class=
"ts1-lmr12-">∙</span>” in the minipage environment. They are
placeholders which can be reached by <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> ( <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacOptKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> on
the Mac), repeating this shortcut cycles forward through the
placeholders; by <span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> ( <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacOptKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span>), you can also cycle backwards.
<!--l. 164--></p>
<p class="indent">If a partial keyword is given, repeatedly hitting
<span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> will cycle through
possible completions. For example, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">bali</span> (the <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">b</span> commonly indicates the
beginning of an environment, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\begin{}</span>) creates the
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">align</span> environment
after one <span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span>, next
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">align*</span>, and after
that, in succession, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alignat</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alignat*</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">aligned</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alignedat</span>, and <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alignedat</span> with options; to
access the last environments directly, they have their own codes
which start by <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">bali</span> (<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">balis</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">baliat</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">baliats</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">balied</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">baliedat</span> and <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">baliedato</span>). <!--l. 166--></p>
<p class="indent">If you want to create your own keywords, you can
add a <span class="path">.txt</span> file in the <span class=
"path">completion</span> folder inside the resources folder. The
entries in the file should have the following format:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9">
<a id="x22-29009r1" name="x22-29009r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> bfigo:=\begin{figure}[#INS#]#RET##RET#\end{figure}</span><span class="ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">∙</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-29011r2" name="x22-29011r2"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \bibliography{#INS#}</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">∙</span>
</div><!--l. 172-->
<p class="indent">In the first case, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">bfigo</span> is the assigned keyword
(with <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">:=</span>) to be
converted into a <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">figure</span> environment with an
optional argument; there are two carriage returns (<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">#RET#</span>) after the <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">begin</span>, i.e., an empty line,
and the cursor is placed between the square brackets (at the
position of <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">#INS#</span>). “<span class=
"ts1-lmr12-">∙</span>” is a place holder as introduced before.
<!--l. 174--></p>
<p class="indent">In the second case, we give ourselves a shortcut,
which will let us type the first part of <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\bibliography{}</span> and have
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks convert it to the full name plus braces (with
the cursor between them). In this case, the keyword is the
instruction itself. <!--l. 176--></p>
<p class="indent">Note that the <span class="path">.txt</span> file
containing the auto-completion information needs to be UTF-8
encoded—this is the default encoding for all files created with
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks. <!--l. 5--></p>
<div class="crosslinks">
<p class="noindent">[<a href=
"GoingfurtherOthertools.html">next</a>] [<a href=
"Firststeps.html">prev</a>] [<a href=
"Firststeps.html#tailFirststeps.html">prev-tail</a>] [<a href=
"GoingfurtherEditingtools.html">front</a>] [<a href=
"index.html#GoingfurtherEditingtools.html">up</a>]</p>
</div><!--l. 5-->
<p class="indent"><a id="tailGoingfurtherEditingtools.html" name=
"tailGoingfurtherEditingtools.html"></a></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|