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<H2 CLASS="section"><A NAME="htoc1">1</A>  Introduction</H2>
<P>Donald E. Knuth<A NAME="@default0"></A> decided to create a new typesetting system, which would be called T<sub>E</sub>X<A NAME="@default1"></A>, because there had been a change in the printing system used for the volumes of his book <EM>The Art of Computer Programming</EM>, Knuth found the result of the new system awful. </P>
<P>The goal of T<sub>E</sub>X was then to have a system which would always produce the same documents independently of the actual machine. 
Knuth also designed the <EM>Computer Modern</EM> family of typefaces and the <FONT COLOR=purple>METAFONT</FONT><A NAME="@default2"></A> language for font description.</P><P>The work initiated in 1977 was finished (the languages were “frozen”) in 1989. T<sub>E</sub>X and <FONT COLOR=purple>METAFONT</FONT> are not evolving any more except for minor bug fixes (T<sub>E</sub>X versions are numbered following the decimals of π	– now 3.1415926 – and <FONT COLOR=purple>METAFONT</FONT> the decimals of the number “e” – now 2.718281).</P>
<P>T<sub>E</sub>X provides basic tools (commands/instructions/“primitives”) to define typesetting; almost every detail has to be defined, but the language allows the creation of macros for repeatedly used constructs. So collections of macros are loaded through format files, these are pre-compiled large macro collections.</P>
<P>Knuth created an original default format (more or less 600 commands), it is called <EM>Plain T<sub>E</sub>X</EM><A NAME="@default3"></A>. This facilitates creating documents.</P>
<P>The most widely used format is L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X<A NAME="@default4"></A> (Leslie Lamport<A NAME="@default5"></A>, 1985), which provides more global commands and structures for documents (article, book,…) allowing easier and faster work, but sometimes with loss of flexibility due to the more or less rigid framework. Other formats are -T<sub>E</sub>X<A NAME="@default6"></A>, -L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X, ConTeXt<A NAME="@default7"></A>, having each specific goals and advantages (and drawbacks).</P><P>To extent the format, one loads “packages<A NAME="@default8"></A>” which are collection of macros specific to some aspects of typesetting.</P><P>From its specification, late 60s, till now, last version March 2008, the T<sub>E</sub>X family had to evolve to take into account the developments in the typesetting world outside T<sub>E</sub>X.</P>
<P>Some of the problems to answer were/are 1) taking into account other languages with “alphabets” larger than the ASCII one or with non latin characters altogether, 2) having more fonts, there is not much variety in the fonts created with <FONT COLOR=purple>METAFONT</FONT> (few font creator use it), 3) creating documents in other formats than the normal DVI (Device Indepent: format of files created by T<sub>E</sub>X), 4) using the rich possibilities of other typesetting systems and formats like PostScript and PDF, 5) having more calculation and scripting facilities,…</P>
<P>To answer these questions and others, many “engines” and programmes have been created around T<sub>E</sub>X, for example: pdftex<A NAME="@default9"></A>, pdflatex, dvips<A NAME="@default10"></A>, ps2pdf, <FONT COLOR=purple>METAPOST</FONT><A NAME="@default11"></A> to open the T<sub>E</sub>X world to the possibilities of PostScript<A NAME="@default12"></A> and PDF<A NAME="@default13"></A>, XeTeX<A NAME="@default14"></A> and XeLaTeX to be able to use the “normal” fonts found on the different machines and to be able to cope with writing systems different from the left to right systems which originated in Europe (latin and Cyrillic letters and associates) – right to left, vertically, pictograms,…, LuaTeX<A NAME="@default15"></A> and LuaLaTeX to have a powerful scripting language.</P><P>But to use T<sub>E</sub>X and the systems of its family, one has to create a “source” document<A NAME="@default16"></A> as T<sub>E</sub>X is only a system to create a typeset document from a source document. This source is a simple text with typesetting instructions and one needs a programme to create it: the editor<A NAME="@default17"></A>.</P><P>There are many editors able to create a T<sub>E</sub>X source; some are general editors, others are specifically designed for T<sub>E</sub>X: here comes T<sub>E</sub>Xworks<A NAME="@default18"></A>.
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<P><B>T<sub>E</sub>Xworks</B> is a project to create a text editor for use with T<sub>E</sub>X family of tools; we will refer to these as (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X. Instead of creating a new sophisticated program, equipped with multiple tool-bars to meet any need, T<sub>E</sub>Xworks provides a simple editor, offering at first sight only a limited set of tools for text editing as well as a single button and a menu to typeset a (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X text.</P>
<P>The idea to create the editor came to <EM>Jonathan Kew</EM><A NAME="@default19"></A>, the initiator and leader of the project, after a long period of reflection on the reasons why potential users tend to keep away from (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X, as well as from the success of the <B>T<sub>E</sub>Xshop</B><A NAME="@default20"></A> editor on the Mac.</P>
<P>Finally the goal was also to provide the same editor on many operating systems: T<sub>E</sub>Xworks currently runs on Linux, Mac OS X and Windows. The interface is always the same and the program offers the same functionality on all three platforms.</P><P>The first section of this manual explains how to install the software. In the second section, we describe the interface and create a first document showing the basics of T<sub>E</sub>Xworks. In the third section the advanced tools provided by T<sub>E</sub>Xworks are presented; you should read this section only after mastering the basic working of T<sub>E</sub>Xworks. These advanced tools allow much more effective working practices. The last section, as annexes, provides lists of the keyboard short-cuts, the regular expression search/replace system, and the keywords for auto-completion. Finally, a short bibliography closes this manual.</P><HR>
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