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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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<title>The TEX Live Guide TeX Live 2007 </title>
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<div class="maketitle">
<h2 class="titleHead">The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live Guide<br />
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2007 </h2>
<div class="author" ><span
class="ec-lmr-12">Karl Berry, editor</span>
<br /> <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-12">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a></span> </div>
<br />
<div class="date" ><span
class="ec-lmr-12">January 2007</span></div>
</div>
<h3 class="likesectionHead"><a
id="x1-1000"></a>Contents</h3>
<div class="tableofcontents">
<span class="sectionToc" >1 <a
href="#x1-30001" id="QQ2-1-3">Introduction</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >1.1 <a
href="#x1-40001.1" id="QQ2-1-4">Basic usage of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >1.2 <a
href="#x1-50001.2" id="QQ2-1-5">Getting help</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a
href="#x1-60002" id="QQ2-1-6">Structure of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.1 <a
href="#x1-70002.1" id="QQ2-1-7">Multiple distributions: <span
class="ec-lmss-10">live</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">inst</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">protext</span></a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.2 <a
href="#x1-80002.2" id="QQ2-1-8">Top level directories</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.3 <a
href="#x1-90002.3" id="QQ2-1-9">Overview of the predefined texmf trees</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.4 <a
href="#x1-100002.4" id="QQ2-1-10">Extensions to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.5 <a
href="#x1-110002.5" id="QQ2-1-11">Other notable programs in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a
href="#x1-120003" id="QQ2-1-12">Unix installation</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >3.1 <a
href="#x1-130003.1" id="QQ2-1-13">Running <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directly from media (Unix)</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >3.2 <a
href="#x1-140003.2" id="QQ2-1-15">Installing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live to disk</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >3.3 <a
href="#x1-160003.3" id="QQ2-1-18">Installing individual packages to disk</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >4 <a
href="#x1-170004" id="QQ2-1-19">Post-installation</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >4.1 <a
href="#x1-180004.1" id="QQ2-1-20">The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>program</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >4.2 <a
href="#x1-190004.2" id="QQ2-1-21">Testing the installation</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5 <a
href="#x1-200005" id="QQ2-1-22">Mac OS X installation</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >6 <a
href="#x1-210006" id="QQ2-1-23">Windows installation</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >6.1 <a
href="#x1-220006.1" id="QQ2-1-24">Installing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live to disk</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >6.2 <a
href="#x1-230006.2" id="QQ2-1-25">Support packages for Windows</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >7 <a
href="#x1-240007" id="QQ2-1-26">Maintenance of the installation in Windows</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.1 <a
href="#x1-250007.1" id="QQ2-1-27">Adding/removing packages</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.2 <a
href="#x1-260007.2" id="QQ2-1-28">Configuring and other management tasks</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.3 <a
href="#x1-270007.3" id="QQ2-1-29">Uninstalling <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.4 <a
href="#x1-280007.4" id="QQ2-1-30">Adding your own packages to the installation</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.5 <a
href="#x1-290007.5" id="QQ2-1-31">Running <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmp.exe </span>from the command line</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.6 <a
href="#x1-300007.6" id="QQ2-1-32">Network installation</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.7 <a
href="#x1-310007.7" id="QQ2-1-33">What’s different in Windows?</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.8 <a
href="#x1-320007.8" id="QQ2-1-34">Personal configurations</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.9 <a
href="#x1-360007.9" id="QQ2-1-38">Testing</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.10 <a
href="#x1-370007.10" id="QQ2-1-39">Printing</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.11 <a
href="#x1-380007.11" id="QQ2-1-40">Tips and tricks for Win32</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.12 <a
href="#x1-450007.12" id="QQ2-1-47">In case of problems</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8 <a
href="#x1-480008" id="QQ2-1-50">A user’s guide to Web2C</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >8.1 <a
href="#x1-490008.1" id="QQ2-1-51">Kpathsea path searching</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >8.2 <a
href="#x1-570008.2" id="QQ2-1-59">Filename databases</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >8.3 <a
href="#x1-620008.3" id="QQ2-1-67">Runtime options</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >9 <a
href="#x1-630009" id="QQ2-1-68">Acknowledgements</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >10 <a
href="#x1-6400010" id="QQ2-1-69">Release history</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >10.1 <a
href="#x1-6500010.1" id="QQ2-1-70">Past</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >10.2 <a
href="#x1-6900010.2" id="QQ2-1-74">Present</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >10.3 <a
href="#x1-7000010.3" id="QQ2-1-75">Future</a></span>
</div>
<h3 class="likesectionHead"><a
id="x1-2000"></a>List of Tables</h3>
<div class="tableofcontents"><span class="lotToc" >1 <a
href="#x1-13001r1">Supported system architectures.</a></span><br /><span class="lotToc" >2 <a
href="#x1-14001r2">Main menu options for the installation.</a></span><br />
</div>
<!--l. 29--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1 </span> <a
id="x1-30001"></a>Introduction</h3>
<!--l. 32--><p class="noindent" >This document describes the main features of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live software distribution — <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and friends for
GNU/Linux and other Unix flavors, Mac OS X, and (32-bit) Windows systems. (Warning: it is not
especially useful for older Mac or MS-DOS systems.)
<!--l. 37--><p class="indent" > <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live includes executables for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, LaTeX2e, Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX and
many other programs; an extensive collection of macros, fonts and documentation; and support for
typesetting in many different scripts from around the world. It is part of the even larger <span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10"> Collection</span>
(briefly described below in section <a
href="#x1-60002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:struct-tl --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-60002">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:struct-tl --></a>). Both are cooperative efforts by the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> user
groups.
<!--l. 45--><p class="indent" > For newer versions of the packages included here, please check CTAN: <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.ctan.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org</span></a></span>.
<!--l. 48--><p class="indent" > For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, see the end of the document,
section <a
href="#x1-6400010">10<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a> (p. <a
href="#x1-6400010">66<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a>).
<!--l. 53--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1 </span> <a
id="x1-40001.1"></a>Basic usage of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
<!--l. 56--><p class="noindent" >You can use <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live in three principal ways:
<!--l. 58--><p class="indent" >
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-4002x1">You can run <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directly from the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">live </span>DVD (see section <a
href="#x1-70002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-70002.1">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>). This takes almost no
disk space, and gives you immediate access to everything in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Of course performance
will be worse than running on local disk, but you may well find it useful.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-4004x2">You can install all or part of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live to a local disk, from either the DVD or the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">inst </span>CD.
This is the most common use of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. You will need (approximately) 100 megabytes
for the most minimal system, and upwards of 1.3 gigabytes for a full system.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-4006x3">You can integrate a particular package or collection into your existing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system, either
a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live system you installed earlier, or a different system.
</li></ol>
<!--l. 77--><p class="noindent" >All of these are described in detail in the OS-specific installation sections following, but here is a quick
start:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">The main installation script for Unix and Mac OS X is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.sh</span>. GNU/Linux users
can also try a new GUI installation program: <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cd setuptl </span>and run <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpmgui</span>. Information
can be found in section <a
href="#x1-210006">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:win-install --></a> on p.<a
href="#x1-210006">31<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:win-install --></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The single package installation script is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-pkg.sh</span>. (After installation on Linux with
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpmgui</span>, you can also try running <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpmgui </span>again to add or remove individual packages or
collections.)
</li>
<li class="itemize">The installation program for Windows is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpmgui.exe</span>. It can be used also for adding or
removing the packages. See section <a
href="#x1-210006">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:win-install --></a> below for more information.
</li></ul>
<!--l. 101--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2 </span> <a
id="x1-50001.2"></a>Getting help</h4>
<!--l. 104--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> community is both active and friendly, and virtually all serious questions end up getting
answered. However, the support is informal, done by volunteers and casual readers, so it’s
especially important that you do your homework before asking. (If you prefer guaranteed
commercial support, you can forego <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live completely and purchase a vendor’s system; <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors</span></a></span> has a list.)
<!--l. 112--><p class="indent" > Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend using them:
<!--l. 115--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Getting Started</span> </dt><dd
class="description">If you are new to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, the web page <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a></span> gives a
brief introduction to the system.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">FAQ</span> </dt><dd
class="description">The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> FAQ is a huge compendium of answers to all sorts of questions, from the
most basic to the most arcane. It is included on <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live in <a
href="../../../../texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en" >texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en</a>,
and is available on the Internet through <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq</span></a></span>. Please check here
first.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Catalogue</span> </dt><dd
class="description">If you are
looking for a specific package, font, program, etc., the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Catalogue is the place to look.
It is a huge collection of all <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related items. See <a
href="../../../../texmf-doc/doc/english/catalogue" >texmf-doc/doc/english/catalogue</a>, or <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue</span></a></span>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Web Resources</span> </dt><dd
class="description">The web page <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a></span> has many <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related
links, in particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of the system.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">support archives</span> </dt><dd
class="description">
The two principal support forums are the Usenet newsgroup <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">news:comp.text.tex</span></a></span> and the
mailing list <a
href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a>. Their archives have years of past questions and answers for
your searching pleasure, via <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex</span></a></span>
and <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax</span></a></span>, respectively. And a general web search, for
example on <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://google.com" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://google.com</span></a></span>, never hurts.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">asking questions</span> </dt><dd
class="description">If you cannot find an answer, you can post to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex </span>through Google
or your newsreader, or to <a
href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a> through email. But before you post, <span
class="ec-lmri-10">please </span>read
this FAQ entry on asking questions in such a way that you’re most likely to get an answer: <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion</span></a></span>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Live support</span> </dt><dd
class="description">If you want to report a bug or have suggestions or comments on the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live distribution, installation, or documentation, the mailing list is <a
href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a>.
However, if your question is about how to use a particular program included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live,
you are better off writing to that program’s maintainer or mailing list.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 160--><p class="indent" > The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions. Both <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax </span>are
open to anyone, so feel free to join, start reading, and help out where you can. Welcome to
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>!
<!--l. 168--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2 </span> <a
id="x1-60002"></a>Structure of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h3>
<!--l. 171--><p class="noindent" >This section describes the structure and contents of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live and the <span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10"> Collection </span>of which it is a
part.
<!--l. 176--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1 </span> <a
id="x1-70002.1"></a>Multiple distributions: <span
class="ec-lmss-10">live</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">inst</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">protext</span></h4>
<!--l. 179--><p class="noindent" >Space limitations of CD-ROM format have forced us to divide <span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10"> Collection </span>into several distributions,
as follows.
<!--l. 182--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">live</span> </dt><dd
class="description">A complete system on DVD; it is too large for CD. It can be run live or installed to disk.
It also includes a snapshot of the CTAN repository, the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">protext </span>distribution for Windows
and the Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> distribution for Mac OS X, entirely independent of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, as well as
assorted other packages in a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-extra </span>directory.
<!--l. 191--><p class="noindent" >CTAN, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">protext</span>, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-extra </span>do not follow the same copying conditions as
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, so be careful when redistributing or modifying.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">inst(allable)</span> </dt><dd
class="description">A complete system on CD; in order to make this fit, the packages and programs are
compressed. Therefore, it is not possible to run <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> directly from the installable CD, you
have to install it to disk (hence its name). Installation is described in subsequent sections.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">protext</span> </dt><dd
class="description">An enhancement of the MiK<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> distribution for Windows, Pro<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t adds a few extra
tools to MiK<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and simplifies installation. It is entirely independent of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, and has
its own installation instructions. It can be run live, or installed to disk. The Pro<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t home
page is <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/protext" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/protext</span></a></span>.
<!--l. 206--><p class="noindent" >Pro<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t is provided as both the top level of the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">live </span>DVD and on its own CD (for those
who cannot use the DVD).
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 211--><p class="noindent" >You can tell which type of distribution you’re in by looking for a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">00</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">type</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.TL </span>file at the top of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live directory. This file also contains the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live release date.
<!--l. 215--><p class="indent" > Naturally, each user group chooses what to distribute to its own members.
<!--l. 218--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2 </span> <a
id="x1-80002.2"></a>Top level directories</h4>
<!--l. 221--><p class="noindent" >Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live distribution. On the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">live</span>
DVD, the entire <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live hierarchy is in a subdirectory <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texliveYYYY</span>, not at the top level of the
disc.
<div class="tabular"><table class="tabular"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
><colgroup id="TBL-2-1g"><col
id="TBL-2-1"><col
id="TBL-2-2"></colgroup><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-1-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-1-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin </span></td><td style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-1-2"
class="td11"> <!--l. 230--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system programs, arranged by platform. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-2-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-2-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">source </span></td><td style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-2-2"
class="td11"> <!--l. 231--><p class="noindent" >The source of all programs, including the main Web2C <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and Metafont
distributions. These are stored in a <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bzip2</span>-compressed tar archive. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-3-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-3-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">support </span></td><td style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-3-2"
class="td11"> <!--l. 234--><p class="noindent" >Assorted auxiliary packages and programs. These are <span
class="ec-lmri-10">not </span>installed
automatically. This includes assorted editors and <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> shells. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-4-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-4-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span></td><td style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-4-2"
class="td11"> <!--l. 237--><p class="noindent" >Tree for the programs, along with their support files and documentation.
Does not include <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> formats and packages. (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN </span>in the next
section.) </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-5-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-5-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist </span></td><td style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-5-2"
class="td11"> <!--l. 240--><p class="noindent" >The main tree of formats and packages. (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST </span>in the next section.) </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-6-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-6-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc </span></td><td style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-6-2"
class="td11"> <!--l. 242--><p class="noindent" >Tree for self-contained pure documentation, arranged by language. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-7-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-7-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var </span></td><td style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-7-2"
class="td11"> <!--l. 244--><p class="noindent" >Tree for files automatically generated and stored. (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR </span>in the next
section.) </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-8-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-8-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xemtex </span></td><td style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-8-2"
class="td11"> <!--l. 246--><p class="noindent" >Tree for supporting programs used only in Windows. These programs
generally come pre-installed on Unix systems, or are at least easy to compile. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-9-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-9-1"
class="td11"> </td> </tr></table>
</div>
<!--l. 254--><p class="indent" > In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">README </span>files (in various languages)
are at the top level of the distribution.
<!--l. 258--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc </span>directory contains only documentation, but it does not contain all the
documentation. The documentation for the programs (manuals, man pages, Info files) is in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc</span>,
since the programs are in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>. Similarly, the documentation for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> packages and formats is in
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc</span>. You can use the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texdoctk </span>programs to find any documentation
wherever it’s located. The comprehensive links in the top-level file <a
href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html</a> may also be
helpful.
<!--l. 268--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3 </span> <a
id="x1-90002.3"></a>Overview of the predefined texmf trees</h4>
<!--l. 271--><p class="noindent" >This section lists all predefined variables specifying texmf trees used by the system, and their intended
purpose. The command <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig conf </span>shows you the values of these variables, so that you can easily
find out how they map to directory names in your installation.
<!--l. 276--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 277--><p class="noindent" >The tree which holds vital parts of the system such as helper scripts (e.g., <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">web2c/mktexdir</span></span></span>),
pool files and other support files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 280--><p class="noindent" >The tree which holds the main set of macro packages, fonts, etc., as originally distributed.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 282--><p class="noindent" >The tree which administrators can use for system-wide installation of additional or updated
macros, fonts, etc.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 284--><p class="noindent" >The tree which users can use for their own individual installations of additional or updated
macros, fonts, etc. The expansion of this variable depends on <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME</span></span></span> by default, which
dynamically adjusts for each user to an individual directory.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 289--><p class="noindent" >The tree used by te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s utilities <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span>, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span> to store modified
configuration data. Under <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME</span></span></span> by default.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 292--><p class="noindent" >The tree used by te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s utilities <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span>, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> to store
modified configuration data.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 295--><p class="noindent" >The tree used by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span> to store (cached) runtime data such as
format files and generated map files. Under <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME</span></span></span> by default.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 298--><p class="noindent" >The tree used by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> to store (cached) runtime
data such as format files and generated map files.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 303--><p class="indent" > For more discussion of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig </span>and related utilities, please see section <a
href="#x1-180004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-180004.1">27<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>.
<!--l. 307--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4 </span> <a
id="x1-100002.4"></a>Extensions to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
<!--l. 310--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contains several extended versions of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>:
<!--l. 312--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">e-</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd
class="description">adds a small but powerful set of new primitives (related to macro expansion, character
scanning, classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>--XE T
extensions for bidirectional typesetting. In default mode, e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> is 100% compatible with
ordinary <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>. See <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf</a>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">pdf</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd
class="description">builds on the e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> extensions,
adding support for writing PDF output as well as DVI. See <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/" >texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/</a> for
the manual, and <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex" >texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex</a>. This is the default
program for all formats except plain <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Xe</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd
class="description">adds support for Unicode input and OpenType fonts, using third-party libraries. See <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</span></a></span>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Omega</span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10"> (Omega)</span> </dt><dd
class="description">is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus supports working with almost
all the world’s scripts simultaneously. It also supports so-called ‘Omega Translation
Processes’ (OTPs), for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input. See
<a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex" >texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex</a> (not completely up-to-date).
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Aleph</span> </dt><dd
class="description">combines the Omega and e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> extensions. See <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a> for some
minimal documentation.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 342--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5 </span> <a
id="x1-110002.5"></a>Other notable programs in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
<!--l. 344--><p class="noindent" >Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
<!--l. 346--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 348--><p class="noindent" >bibliography support.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">makeindex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 350--><p class="noindent" >index support.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 352--><p class="noindent" >convert DVI to PostScript.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 354--><p class="noindent" >DVI previewer for the X Window System.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvilj</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 356--><p class="noindent" >DVI drive for the HP LaserJet family.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dv2dt, dt2dv</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 358--><p class="noindent" >convert DVI to/from plain text.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviconcat, dviselect</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 360--><p class="noindent" >cut and paste pages from DVI files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 363--><p class="noindent" >convert DVI to PDF, an alternative approach to pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (mentioned above). See the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ps4pdf</span>
and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdftricks </span>packages for still more alternatives.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">psselect, psnup, </span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">…</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 367--><p class="noindent" >PostScript utilities.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">lacheck</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 370--><p class="noindent" ><span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> syntax checker.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">texexec</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 372--><p class="noindent" >Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t and PDF processor.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex4ht</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 374--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> to HTML converter.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 379--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3 </span> <a
id="x1-120003"></a>Unix installation</h3>
<!--l. 382--><p class="noindent" >As introduced in section <a
href="#x1-40001.1">1.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:basic --></a> (p. <a
href="#x1-40001.1">4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:basic --></a>), <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live has three principal uses:
<!--l. 385--><p class="indent" >
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-12002x1">Run directly from media.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-12004x2">Install to disk.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-12006x3">Integrate a particular package or collection into your existing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> installation.</li></ol>
<!--l. 392--><p class="noindent" >The following sections describes the Unix-specific procedures for each of these.
<!--l. 395--><p class="indent" > <hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
><table class="figure"><tr class="figure"><td class="figure"
>
<!--l. 395--><p class="noindent" > <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Warning: </span>The <span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10"> Collection </span>CDs and DVD are in ISO 9660 (High Sierra) format, <span
class="ec-lmri-10">with </span>Rock Ridge
(and Joliet, for Windows) extensions. Therefore, in order to take full advantage of the <span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10"> Collection</span>
under Unix, your system needs to be able to use the Rock Ridge extensions. Please consult the
documentation for your <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mount </span>command to see how to do this. If you have several different machines on
a local network, you may be able to mount the discs on one which does support Rock Ridge, and use this
with the others.
<!--l. 406--><p class="noindent" > Modern systems should be able to use the discs without problems. If troubles, let us know. The
discussion below assumes you have been able to mount the CDs with full Rock Ridge compatibility.
<!--l. 410--><p class="indent" > </td></tr></table></div><hr class="endfigure">
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1 </span> <a
id="x1-130003.1"></a>Running <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directly from media (Unix)</h4>
<!--l. 458--><p class="noindent" >It is possible to use the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system directly from the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">live </span>DVD, without installing the distribution to
disk. (Thus the name <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> ‘Live’, in fact.) It is <span
class="ec-lmri-10">not </span>possible to run <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> directly from the other CDs
(see section <a
href="#x1-70002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-70002.1">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>). To start, you mount the CD or DVD, with Rock Ridge extensions enabled. The
exact command to do this varies from system to system; the following works under Linux, except the
name of the device (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/dev/cdrom</span>, here) may vary. (All our examples will use <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span>as the shell prompt; user
input is <span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">underlined</span></span>.) <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 459--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mount</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-t</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">iso9660</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/dev/cdrom</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/mnt/cdrom</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 459--><p class="noindent" >Change the current directory to the mount point: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 459--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cd</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/mnt/cdrom</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 459--><p class="noindent" >Under Mac OS X, the directory is typically under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/Volumes</span>, and the media will be mounted
automatically. Run the installation script <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.sh</span>: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 460--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.sh</span></span>
<br class="newline" /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Welcome to TeX Live...</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 460--><p class="noindent" >After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu options, the installation will ask you to
enter a command. Do this by typing the desired character and hitting return; don’t type
the angle brackets shown. Either uppercase or lowercase is ok; we’ll use lowercase in our
examples.
<!--l. 462--><p class="indent" > For running live, our first command will be <span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">d</span></span> and then the subcommand <span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">1</span></span> to set directories. Even in
this case, we must choose a directory on the local disk to place files that the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system itself generates,
such as fonts and formats, and also to provide a place for updated configuration files, if need
be.
<!--l. 468--><p class="indent" > We’ll use <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/opt/texlive2007 </span>in this example. It’s good to include the year in the name, as these
generated files are not in general compatible from release to release. (If the default value of
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/2007 </span>works for you, then you can skip this step.)
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 474--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Enter</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> command:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">d</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Current</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> directories</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> setup:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"><1></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> TEXDIR:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texlive/2007</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Enter</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> command:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">1</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">New</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> value</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> for</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> TEXDIR</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> [/usr/local/texlive/TeX]:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/opt/texlive2007</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Enter</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> command:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">r</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 485--><p class="noindent" >Back at the main menu, our second and last command is <span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">r</span></span>, to set up for running live off the media
without installing to disk: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 488--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Enter</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> command:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">r</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Preparing</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> destination</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> directories...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Welcome</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> to</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Live!</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 496--><p class="noindent" >And we are back at the system prompt, as shown.
<!--l. 498--><p class="indent" > Next, it is necessary to alter two environment variables: <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>, to an architecture-dependent value (so
that we can run the programs), and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>, to the value specified above. See table <a
href="#x1-13001r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: tab:archlist --></a> for a list of
the architecture names for the different systems.
<!--l. 512--><p class="indent" > After the main installation has completed, and environment variables have been set, the last step is to
run <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys </span>to customize your installation to your needs. This is explained in
section <a
href="#x1-180004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-180004.1">27<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>.
<!--l. 514--><p class="indent" > <a
id="x1-13001r1"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float"
><table class="float"><tr class="float"><td class="float"
>
<table class="caption"
><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="caption"><td class="id">Table 1: </td><td
class="content">Supported system architectures.</td></tr></table><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-13001r1 -->
<div class="tabular"><table class="tabular"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
><colgroup id="TBL-3-1g"><col
id="TBL-3-1"><col
id="TBL-3-2"></colgroup><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-1-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-1-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">alpha-linux </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-1-2"
class="td11"> HP Alpha GNU/Linux </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-2-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-2-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-darwin </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-2-2"
class="td11"> Intel x86 Mac OS X </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-3-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-3-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-3-2"
class="td11"> Intel x86 FreeBSD </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-4-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-4-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-linux </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-4-2"
class="td11"> Intel x86 GNU/Linux </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-5-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-5-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mips-irix </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-5-2"
class="td11"> SGI IRIX </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-6-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-6-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">powerpc-aix </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-6-2"
class="td11"> IBM RS/6000 AIX </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-7-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-7-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">powerpc-darwin </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-7-2"
class="td11"> PowerPC Mac OS X </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-8-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-8-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sparc-linux </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-8-2"
class="td11"> Sun Sparc GNU/Linux </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-9-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-9-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sparc-solaris </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-9-2"
class="td11"> Sun Sparc Solaris </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-10-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-10-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">win32 </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-10-2"
class="td11"> Windows (32-bit) </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-11-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-11-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-linux </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-11-2"
class="td11"> Intel x86 64-bit GNU/Linux </td>
</tr><tr
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-12-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-12-1"
class="td11"> </td>
</tr></table></div>
</td></tr></table></div><hr class="endfloat" />
<!--l. 539--><p class="indent" > The syntax for setting the environment variables, and the initialization file to put them in, depends
on the shell you use. If you use a Bourne-compatible shell (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">sh</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bash</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ksh</span>, et al.), put the following into
your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.profile </span>file: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 543--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH=/mnt/cdrom/bin/</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">archname</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:$PATH;</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> export</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> PATH</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR=/opt/texlive2007/texmf-var;</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> export</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> TEXMFSYSVAR</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 548--><p class="noindent" >For C shell-compatible shells (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">csh</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tcsh</span>), put the following into your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.cshrc </span>file: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 550--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">setenv</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> PATH</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /mnt/cdrom/bin/</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">archname</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:$PATH</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">setenv</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> TEXMFSYSVAR</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /opt/texlive2007/texmf-var</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 555--><p class="noindent" >Then log out, log back in, and test your installation (see section <a
href="#x1-190004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:test-install --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-190004.2">28<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:test-install --></a>).
<!--l. 564--><p class="indent" > If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with problems; for example, the way to
mount the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live media, which directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to
your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site.
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2 </span> <a
id="x1-140003.2"></a>Installing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live to disk</h4>
<!--l. 571--><p class="noindent" >It is possible, indeed typical, to install the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live distribution to hard disk. This can be done from
either the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">live </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">inst </span>distributions. (See section <a
href="#x1-70002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-70002.1">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>, for an explanation of the different
distributions.)
<!--l. 577--><p class="indent" > To start, you mount the CD or DVD, with Rock Ridge extensions enabled. The exact command to do
this varies from system to system; the following works under Linux, except the name of the device
(<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/dev/cdrom</span>, here) may vary. (All our examples will use <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span>as the shell prompt; user input is
<span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">underlined</span></span>.) <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 577--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mount</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-t</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">iso9660</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/dev/cdrom</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/mnt/cdrom</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 577--><p class="noindent" >Change the current directory to the mount point: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 577--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cd</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/mnt/cdrom</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 577--><p class="noindent" >Under Mac OS X, the directory is typically under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/Volumes</span>, and the media will be mounted
automatically. Run the installation script <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.sh</span>: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 578--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.sh</span></span>
<br class="newline" /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Welcome to TeX Live...</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 578--><p class="noindent" >After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu options, the installation will ask you to
enter a command. Do this by typing the desired character and hitting return; don’t type
the angle brackets shown. Either uppercase or lowercase is ok; we’ll use lowercase in our
examples.
<!--l. 580--><p class="indent" > Table <a
href="#x1-14001r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: tab:main-menu-options --></a> briefly lists the options in the main menu. The order in which you select the options makes
little difference, except that <span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i</span></span> must be last. It’s reasonable to go through them in the order presented
here.
<div class="table">
<!--l. 586--><p class="indent" > <a
id="x1-14001r2"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float"
><table class="float"><tr class="float"><td class="float"
>
<table class="caption"
><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="caption"><td class="id">Table 2: </td><td
class="content">Main menu options for the installation.</td></tr></table><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-14001r2 -->
<div class="tabular"><table class="tabular"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
><colgroup id="TBL-4-1g"><col
id="TBL-4-1"><col
id="TBL-4-2"></colgroup><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-1-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-1-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">p </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-1-2"
class="td11"> The platform you are running on. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-2-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-2-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">b </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-2-2"
class="td11"> The architectures for which to install binaries. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-3-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-3-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">s </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-3-2"
class="td11"> The base installation scheme to use (minimal, recommended, full, etc.) </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-4-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-4-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">c </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-4-2"
class="td11"> Override the base scheme for individual collections. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-5-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-5-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">l </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-5-2"
class="td11"> Override for language collections. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-6-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-6-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">d </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-6-2"
class="td11"> Directories in which to install. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-7-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-7-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">o </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-7-2"
class="td11"> Other options. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-8-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-8-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-8-2"
class="td11"> Perform the installation. </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-9-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-9-1"
class="td11"> </td>
</tr></table></div>
</td></tr></table></div><hr class="endfloat" />
</div>
<!--l. 602--><p class="indent" > Here are further details on each option.
<!--l. 604--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">p </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">– Current platform. </span>Since the installation script automatically guesses which platform you’re
running on, it is usually unnecessary to use this option. It’s there in case you need to override the
automatic detection.
<!--l. 609--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">b </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">– Binary architectures. </span>By default, only the binaries for your current platform will be installed.
From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other architectures as well (or omit
installing the current platform). This can be useful if you are sharing a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> tree across a
network of heterogenous machines. For a list of the supported architectures, see table <a
href="#x1-13001r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: tab:archlist --></a>,
p. <a
href="#x1-13001r1">16<!--tex4ht:ref: tab:archlist --></a>.
<!--l. 617--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">s </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">– Base installation scheme. </span>From this menu, you can choose an overall set of package
collections, called a “scheme”. The default <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">full </span>scheme installs everything available, but you can also
choose the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">basic </span>scheme for a minimal system, or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">medium </span>to get something in between. There are also
specific sets for Omega and XML.
<!--l. 624--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">c </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">– Individual collections. </span>From this menu, you can override the scheme’s set of collections to
install. Collections are one level more detailed than schemes — collections consist of one or more
packages, where packages (the lowest level grouping in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live) contain the actual <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> macro files,
font families, and so on. In this menu, selection letters are case-sensitive.
<!--l. 631--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">l </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">– Language collections</span>. This menu has the same basic purpose as <span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">c</span></span>, to override the collection set
in the chosen scheme. In this case, the collections are specifically for different languages.
Selection letters are case-sensitive here too. Here is a list of the language collections in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live:
<table
cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"
class="tabbing"><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="tabbing"><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">(some) African scripts </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Arabic </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Armenian </td><td
class="tabbing">Chinese Japanese Korean
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 647--><p class="indent" > <table
cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"
class="tabbing"><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="tabbing"><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Croatian </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Cyrillic </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Czech/Slovak </td><td
class="tabbing">Danish</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 651--><p class="indent" > <table
cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"
class="tabbing"><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="tabbing"><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Dutch </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Finnish </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">French </td><td
class="tabbing">German</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 655--><p class="indent" > <table
cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"
class="tabbing"><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="tabbing"><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Greek </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Hebrew </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Hungarian </td><td
class="tabbing">Indic</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 659--><p class="indent" > <table
cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"
class="tabbing"><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="tabbing"><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Italian </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Latin </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Manju </td><td
class="tabbing">Mongolian</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 663--><p class="indent" > <table
cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"
class="tabbing"><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="tabbing"><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Norwegian </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Polish </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Portuguese </td><td
class="tabbing">Spanish</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 667--><p class="indent" > <table
cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"
class="tabbing"><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="tabbing"><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Swedish </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">Tibetan </td><td style="width:203;"
class="tabbing">UK English </td><td
class="tabbing">Vietnamese</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 671--><p class="indent" > <table
cellpadding="0" border="0" cellspacing="0"
class="tabbing"><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="tabbing"><td
class="tabbing"></td></tr></table>
<!--l. 672--><p class="indent" >
<!--l. 674--><p class="noindent" >Language collections typically include fonts, macros, hyphenation patterns, and other support files. (For
instance, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">frenchle.sty </span>is installed if you select the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">French </span>collection.) In addition, installing a language
collection will alter the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">language.dat </span>configuration file controlling which hyphenation patterns are
loaded.
<!--l. 681--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">d </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">– Installation directories</span>. Three directories can be changed here:
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 686--><p class="noindent" >The top-level directory under which everything else will be installed. The default value
is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/2007</span>, and is often changed. We recommend including the year
in the name, to keep different releases of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live separate. (You may wish to make a
version-independent name such <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive </span>via a symbolic link, which you can
then update after testing the new release.)
<!--l. 694--><p class="noindent" >Under Mac OS X, the usual frontends look for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/teTeX</span>, so you may wish
to install <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live there.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 697--><p class="noindent" >This tree is where the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system (not as part of the initial installation, but rather
as time goes by) puts non-version-specific files, primarily fonts. The default value is
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local</span>, independent of the current <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live release, because
it’s also the recommended location to put any local packages or configuration settings.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 704--><p class="noindent" >This tree is where <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys </span>puts files that <span
class="ec-lmri-10">are </span>version-specific. The default value
is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR/texmf-var</span>, and there’s generally no reason to change it. There is also
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>, which is where <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>looks for modified configuration data. See
section <a
href="#x1-180004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-180004.1">27<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a> for more information.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 714--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">o </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">– Other options. </span>From this menu, you can select the following general options:
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">a</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 718--><p class="noindent" >Specify an alternate directory for generated fonts. The default is to use the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR </span>tree,
as explained above. Setting this is useful if you plan to mount the main tree read-only, and
therefore you need another location (perhaps host-specific) for dynamically created fonts.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">l</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 724--><p class="noindent" >Create symbolic links for the binaries, man pages, and/or GNU Info files in other locations.
For example, you may wish to make the man pages available under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/man </span>and
the Info files available under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/info</span>. (Of course you need appropriate privileges
to write in the specified directories.)
<!--l. 730--><p class="noindent" >It is not advisable to overwrite a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system that came with your system with this option.
It’s intended primarily for creating the links in standard directories that are known to users,
such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/bin</span>, which don’t already contain any <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">d</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 735--><p class="noindent" >Skip installation of the font/macro documentation tree. This is useful if you need to save
space, or if you’ve previously installed the documentation elsewhere.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">s</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 739--><p class="noindent" >Skip installation of the main font/macro source tree. This is useful if you are arranging to
share that tree between machines and/or architectures in some other way, such as NFS.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 745--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">i – Perform installation. </span>When you’re satisfied with your configuration options, enter <span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i</span></span> to actually
do the installation from the media to your chosen locations.
<!--l. 750--><p class="indent" > After the installation completes, your next step is to include the architecture-specific subdirectory of
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR/bin </span>in your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>, so the newly-installed programs can be found. The architecture names are
listed in table <a
href="#x1-13001r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: tab:archlist --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-13001r1">16<!--tex4ht:ref: tab:archlist --></a>, or you can simply list the directory <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR/bin</span>.
<!--l. 757--><p class="indent" > The syntax for doing this, and the initialization file to use, depends on your shell. If you use a
Bourne-compatible shell (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">sh</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bash</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ksh</span>, et al.), put the following into your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.profile</span>
file:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 762--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2007/bin/</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">archname</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:$PATH;</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> export</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> PATH</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 766--><p class="noindent" >For C shell-compatible shells (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">csh</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tcsh</span>), put the following into your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.cshrc </span>file: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 768--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">setenv</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> PATH</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texlive/2007/bin/</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">archname</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:$PATH</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 772--><p class="indent" > After the main installation has completed, and environment variables have been set, the last step is to
run <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys </span>to customize your installation to your needs. This is explained in
section <a
href="#x1-180004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-180004.1">27<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>.
<!--l. 774--><p class="indent" > Here is a minimal annotated example which accepts the default directories and installs binaries for
the current system only. Thus, only one command is needed, <span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i</span></span> for install. The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span>is the shell prompt as
usual.
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 779--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.sh</span></span>
<br /><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i</span></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> #</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> perform</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> installation</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> #</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> see</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> section</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><a
href="#x1-180004.1"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">4.1</span><!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">#</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> New</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> PATH</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> element,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> as</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> the</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> example:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2007/bin/i386-linux:$PATH;</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">export</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 787--><p class="indent" > If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with problems; for example, the way to
mount the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live media, which directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to
your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site.
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1 </span> <a
id="x1-150003.2.1"></a>Non-interactive installation</h5>
<!--l. 793--><p class="noindent" >It is possible to override the default directories with environment variables, and then install
non-interactively. Example: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 795--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/texlive</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">export</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">echo</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">|</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.sh</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 801--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX </span>variable overrides the default location of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive</span>,
leaving all else unchanged—so with the above invocation, the main installation will go to
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/opt/texlive/2007</span>.
<!--l. 806--><p class="indent" > In the usual Unix way, the final <span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">echo</span> i</span> can be replaced by any sequence of input commands via a
here document, so any sequence of commands can be scripted.
<!--l. 810--><p class="indent" > Here are all the possible overrides:
<!--l. 812--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 813--><p class="noindent" >Override <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXDIR</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 815--><p class="noindent" >Override <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX</span>/2007.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 817--><p class="noindent" >Override <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX/texmf-var</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 819--><p class="noindent" >Override <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXDIR/texmf-var</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFHOME</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 821--><p class="noindent" >Override <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/texmf</span>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 825--><p class="indent" > It would be better to support a standard GNU-style <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">configure </span>with options, instead of these
environment variables. Volunteers are welcome!
<!--l. 831--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3 </span> <a
id="x1-160003.3"></a>Installing individual packages to disk</h4>
<!--l. 833--><p class="noindent" >You can add individual packages or collections from the current distribution to an existing non-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
setup, or an earlier <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation.
<!--l. 837--><p class="indent" > To start, you mount the CD or DVD, with Rock Ridge extensions enabled. The exact command to do
this varies from system to system; the following works under Linux, except the name of the device
(<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/dev/cdrom</span>, here) may vary. (All our examples will use <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span>as the shell prompt; user input is
<span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">underlined</span></span>.) <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 837--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mount</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-t</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">iso9660</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/dev/cdrom</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/mnt/cdrom</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 837--><p class="noindent" >Change the current directory to the mount point: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 837--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cd</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/mnt/cdrom</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 837--><p class="noindent" >Under Mac OS X, the directory is typically under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/Volumes</span>, and the media will be mounted
automatically.
<!--l. 839--><p class="indent" > Run the installation script <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-pkg.sh </span>(not <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.sh</span>, which is intended for complete
installations only): <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 842--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-pkg.sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmro-10">options</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 846--><p class="indent" > The first set of options controls what gets read:
<!--l. 848--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--package=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">pkgname</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 849--><p class="noindent" >The individual package to work on.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--collection=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">colname</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 851--><p class="noindent" >The individual collection to work on.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--nodoc</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 853--><p class="noindent" >Exclude documentation files from the operation.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--nosrc</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 855--><p class="noindent" >Exclude source files from the operation.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--cddir=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">dir</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 857--><p class="noindent" >Source directory to read from; defaults to the current directory. If you followed the
instructions above, that will be the distribution directory, and won’t need to be changed.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--listdir=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">dir</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 861--><p class="noindent" >The so-called ‘lists’ directory within <span
class="ec-lmro-10">cddir </span>from which to read the package information. The
only reason to change the default is if you’re making changes to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live yourself.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 868--><p class="indent" > What actually happens is controlled by the following options. If neither of these are specified, the
default action is to install the selected files. The main destination tree is found by expanding <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFMAIN</span>
with <span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich</span>. You can override it by setting either the environment variable <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN </span>or
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMF</span>.
<!--l. 875--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--listonly</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 876--><p class="noindent" >List the files that would be installed, but don’t actually install anything.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--archive=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">tarfile</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 879--><p class="noindent" >Instead of installing the files into the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system, make a <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tar </span>archive.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 884--><p class="indent" > Additional options:
<!--l. 886--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--config</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 888--><p class="noindent" >After installation, run <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig init</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--nohash</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 890--><p class="noindent" >After installation, don’t run <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mktexlsr </span>to rebuild the filename database.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--verbose</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 893--><p class="noindent" >Give more information as the script runs.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 897--><p class="indent" > Here are some usage examples:
<!--l. 899--><p class="indent" >
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-16002x1">To see the files in the package <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fancyhdr </span>without installing it:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 904--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-pkg.sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--package=fancyhdr</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--listonly</span></span>
<br />
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/README</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-16004x2">Install the <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> package <span
class="ec-lmss-10">natbib</span>: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 915--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-pkg.sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--package=natbib</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-16006x3">Install the <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> package <span
class="ec-lmss-10">alg </span>without source files or documentation: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 921--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-pkg.sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--package=alg</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--nosrc</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--nodoc</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-16008x4">Install all the packages in the collection of additional plain <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> macros: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 929--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-pkg.sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--collection=tex-plainextra</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-16010x5">Write all files in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pstricks </span>package to a <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tar </span>file in <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/tmp</span></span>: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 935--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-pkg.sh</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--package=pstricks</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</li></ol>
<!--l. 944--><p class="indent" > If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with problems; for example, the way to
mount the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live media, which directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to
your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site.
<!--l. 948--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4 </span> <a
id="x1-170004"></a>Post-installation</h3>
<!--l. 951--><p class="noindent" >After the main installation is done, for any operating system, the remaining steps are to configure the
system for your local needs, and perform some basic tests.
<!--l. 955--><p class="indent" > Another sort of post-installation is to acquire packages, fonts, or programs that were not included in
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. The basic idea is to install such additions in the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>tree (if you installed to
disk), or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR </span>(if you are running live). See the “Installation directories” option on
p. <a
href="#x1-140003.2">21<!--tex4ht:ref: text:instdir --></a>.
<!--l. 961--><p class="indent" > Unfortunately, the details can and do vary widely, and so we do not attempt to address them here.
Here are some external links to descriptions:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.ctan.org/installationadvice" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org/installationadvice</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/beginlatex/html/chapter5.html#pkginst" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/beginlatex/html/chapter5.html#pkginst</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/Type1fonts" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/Type1fonts</span></a></span> for installation information for
fonts in particular.</li></ul>
<!--l. 976--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1 </span> <a
id="x1-180004.1"></a>The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>program</h4>
<!--l. 979--><p class="noindent" >At any time after installation, you can and should use the program <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>to configure the system to
fit your local needs. It is installed in the architecture-specific subdirectory <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR/bin/</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">arch </span>along with
everything else.
<!--l. 984--><p class="indent" > If you run it without arguments, it will enter full-screen mode and allow you to view and change
options interactively.
<!--l. 987--><p class="indent" > You can also run it with various command-line options. Here are some of the most common (<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live is configured for the A4 paper size by default):
<!--l. 990--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig paper letter</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 992--><p class="noindent" >Set default paper size for various programs and drivers (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>) to be
US letter. The other allowable size is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">a4</span>, which is the default.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig rehash</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 997--><p class="noindent" >Update all the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> “filename databases”, after adding or removing files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig faq</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1000--><p class="noindent" >Show the te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> FAQ. (See also the main <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> FAQ in <a
href="../../../../texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en" >texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en</a>.)
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig help</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1003--><p class="noindent" >Output help information for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1007--><p class="indent" > Of course, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>can only support changing a few of the many options and configuration
parameters in a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system. The main configuration file for the base Web2C programs is named
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. You can find its location by running ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich texmf.cnf</span>’; it contains many comments
explaining the default settings and useful alternatives.
<!--l. 1014--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>alters files in a user-specific directory, as in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.texlive2007</span>. If you install <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> just
for yourself, that is unlikely to make a difference. But if you install <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> on a multi-user system, you will
want to change the configuration for the whole system. In this case, run <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys </span>instead of
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>.
<!--l. 1021--><p class="indent" > Likewise, the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>scripts were changed, to work under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.texliveYYYY</span>. To alter
system directories, use <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap-sys </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil-sys</span>.
<!--l. 1025--><p class="indent" > In particular, for multi-user systems, you will probably want to pregenerate the standard formats
with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys –missing</span>. Otherwise, each user will end up with their own formats.
<!--l. 1029--><p class="indent" > Also, if you have a personally-modified copy of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg</span>, instead of using the
ones generated by installation, they must be installed in the tree referenced by the variable
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>.
<!--l. 1034--><p class="indent" > The variables specifying the directories altered by these commands are listed in section <a
href="#x1-90002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-90002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>. You
can see the actual directories by running <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig conf</span>, and you can change them by editing
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
<!--l. 1040--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2 </span> <a
id="x1-190004.2"></a>Testing the installation</h4>
<!--l. 1043--><p class="noindent" >After installing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live as best you can, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating
beautiful documents and/or fonts.
<!--l. 1046--><p class="indent" > This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give Unix
commands; under Mac OS X and Windows, you’re more likely to run the tests through a graphical
interface, but the principles are the same.
<!--l. 1051--><p class="indent" >
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-19002x1">Make sure that you can run the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>program in the first place:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1056--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--version</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 3.141592</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> (Web2C</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 7.5.5)</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpathsea</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> version</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 3.5.5</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
</div>
</div> If this comes back with ‘command not found’ instead of version and copyright information, most
likely you don’t have the correct <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin </span>subdirectory in your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>. See the environment-setting
information on p. <a
href="#x1-130003.1">17<!--tex4ht:ref: text:path --></a>.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-19004x2">Process a basic <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> file: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1068--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">latex</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> is</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> pdfeTeXk,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Version</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 3.141592...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> written</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> on</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> sample2e.dvi</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> (3</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> pages,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 7496</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> bytes).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> written</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> on</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> sample2e.log.</span>
</div>
</div> If this fails to find <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex </span>or other files, perhaps you have interference from old
environment variables or configuration files. For a deep analysis, you can always ask <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> to
report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see “Debugging actions” on
page <a
href="#x1-610008.2.4">59<!--tex4ht:ref: Debugging --></a>.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-19006x3">Preview the result online: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1082--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xdvi</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.dvi</span></span>
</div>
</div> (Under Windows, the analogous command is <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>.) You should see a new window with a nice
document explaining some of the basics of <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>. (Well worth reading, by the way if you’re new
to the system.) You do have to be running under X for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>to work; if you’re not, or
your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">DISPLAY </span>environment variable is set incorrectly, you’ll get an error ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Can’t open</span>
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">display</span>’.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-19008x4">Create a PostScript file for printing or display: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1093--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.dvi</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-o</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.ps</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-19010x5">Create a PDF file instead of DVI; this processes the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.tex </span>file and writes PDF directly:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1099--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdflatex</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-19012x6">Preview the PDF file: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1104--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">gv</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.pdf</span></span>
<br />or:
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xpdf</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.pdf</span></span>
</div>
</div> Unfortunately neither <span
class="ec-lmss-10">gv </span>nor <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>are currently included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, so you must install them
separately. See <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</span></a></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf</span></a></span>,
respectively.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-19014x7">Other standard test files you may find useful:
<!--l. 1116--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">small2e.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1117--><p class="noindent" >A simpler document than <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e</span>, to reduce the input size if you’re having troubles.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">testpage.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1119--><p class="noindent" >Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">nfssfont.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1120--><p class="noindent" >For printing font tables and tests.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">testfont.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1121--><p class="noindent" >Also for font tables, but using plain <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">story.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1122--><p class="noindent" >The most canonical (plain) <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> test file of all. You must type ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\bye</span>’ to the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">* </span>prompt
after ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex story.tex</span>’.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1126--><p class="noindent" >You can process these in the same way as we did with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span>.
</li></ol>
<!--l. 1131--><p class="indent" > If you are new to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, or otherwise need help with actually constructing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> or <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>
documents, please visit <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a></span> for some introductory resources.
<!--l. 1136--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5 </span> <a
id="x1-200005"></a>Mac OS X installation</h3>
<!--l. 1139--><p class="noindent" >The recommended way to install <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> on Mac OS X is from the Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> distribution, new in
2005. This is provided on the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">live </span>DVD in the top-level <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mactex/ </span>directory. It contains its own
(native) installer for a full <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> distribution, based on a combination of te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live, along with many additional applications and documentation. The project web page is <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a></span>.
<!--l. 1146--><p class="indent" > If you prefer, installation of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> under Mac OS X can also be done directly from <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, using the
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install* </span>scripts, as follows.
<!--l. 1149--><p class="indent" > In order to run the installation scripts under Mac OS X, you need to have the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bash </span>shell installed. If
you are running Mac OS X 10.2 or later, you have <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bash</span>, and can proceed. If you’re running an earlier
Mac OS X version, however, the default shell is <span
class="ec-lmss-10">zsh</span>, which won’t work; you’ll need to get <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bash </span>from the
Internet, or more likely upgrade your system.
<!--l. 1156--><p class="indent" > Once you have <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bash</span>, the Unix installation documentation in the previous section can be followed. See
section <a
href="#x1-120003">3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:unix-install --></a> on p. <a
href="#x1-120003">10<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:unix-install --></a>; Mac OS X-specific notes are included there where needed.
<!--l. 1161--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6 </span> <a
id="x1-210006"></a>Windows installation</h3>
<!--l. 1164--><p class="noindent" >In this release of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, happily, the distribution once again has a native Windows installer, named
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui.exe</span>. (See section <a
href="#x1-70002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-70002.1">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>, for an explanation of the different distributions.)
<!--l. 1169--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>has essentially the same options as the Unix installer, only done through a GUI interface:
selecting schemes, individual collections, installation directories, and so on. Section <a
href="#x1-140003.2">3.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:unix-install-disk --></a> on p. <a
href="#x1-140003.2">17<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:unix-install-disk --></a> describes
the basic elements. It also allows some post-installation activities such as adding/removing packages,
updating the filename database and building formats. Moreover, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>can setup the system for
running programs directly from the DVD.
<!--l. 1179--><p class="indent" > For those who like to look underneath the hood, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>uses as its “engine” a command-line
Windows program named <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpm</span>.
<!--l. 1182--><p class="indent" > The Windows <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live is based on new binaries borrowed from the
W32TEX distribution, kindly provided by Akira Kakuto. It also includes some older (but still
working) tools made by Fabrice Popineau, and also a new <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvi </span>previewer, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviout </span>by Toshio
Oshima.
<!--l. 1188--><p class="indent" > <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live can be installed on systems running Windows 98, ME, NT, 2K or XP. Older versions of
Windows (3.1x) and MS-DOS are not supported.
<!--l. 1192--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Warning: </span>Win9.x users must ensure they have enough environment space before undertaking
installation. The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui.exe </span>program won’t change the environment size for them. A few
environment variables will be created and it is possible you run out of environment space. Add
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">SHELL=<path>COMMAND.COM /E:4096 /P </span>in the config.sys file in order to increase your environment
size.
<!--l. 1199--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.1 </span> <a
id="x1-220006.1"></a>Installing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live to disk</h4>
<!--l. 1201--><p class="noindent" >After inserting the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live CD into the CD drive, autostart should activate <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui</span>. If
it does not, click <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Start</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Run</span>, then type <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"><drive</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> letter>:\setup-win32\tplmgui.exe</span></span></span> (or
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"><drive</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> letter>:\texlive\setup-win32\tplmgui.exe</span></span></span> if you are installing from the TeX Collection
DVD), where <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"><drive</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> letter></span></span></span> is the drive letter with the TeX Live CD (or TeX Collection DVD), and
then click OK.
<!--l. 1209--><p class="indent" > The installation window titled <span
class="ec-lmss-10">TeX Live installation and maintenance utility </span>should open. It contains
the following sections: <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Main customization</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Install</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Select a scheme</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Select systems</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Directories </span>and
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Options</span>.
<!--l. 1214--><p class="indent" > In the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Directories </span>section the installation drive (directory) next to the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">CD/DVD </span>button
should be displayed (e.g., <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">F:/ </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">F:/texlive/ </span>for the DVD), but if it is not, then click the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">CD/DVD </span>button and select the CD/DVD drive, with the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live CD (or TeX Collection
DVD).
<!--l. 1219--><p class="indent" > The directory in which you wish to install the software can be set by clicking the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">TLroot </span>button. This
directory will be set as <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TLroot</span></span> environment variable for later usage. The <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFTEMP</span></span> and <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCNF</span></span>
environment variables as displayed next to the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">TEXMFTEMP </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">TEXMFCNF </span>buttons will be adjusted
automatically and set during installation, but they can also be adjusted manually now to suit special
needs.
<!--l. 1227--><p class="indent" > In the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Select a scheme </span>section the desired <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation scheme should be chosen by clicking
the radio button labelled with the installation scheme name (e.g., <span
class="ec-lmss-10">scheme-gust</span>). Each scheme is
accompanied by an <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Info </span>button which, when clicked, displays a short description of the relevant
scheme.
<!--l. 1233--><p class="indent" > A scheme is a large set of files targeted at some kind of usage. There are generic schemes for
basic, medium and full installations. The remaining ones are either targeted at certain LUGs
(i.e., what GUST or GUTenberg propose for their members) or application targeted (e.g.,
for XML and <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> cooperation). A preselected scheme can be refined. This is done in the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Main customization </span>section by choosing additional collections from <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Standard collections </span>or
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Language collections</span>. For example, by clicking the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Select </span>button labelled <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Standard collections</span>,
additional collections like Metapost, Omega or documentation in different languages can be
selected.
<!--l. 1244--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Note: </span>The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Ghostscript</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Perl </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Wintools </span>collections are selected by default and should be installed
unless they are already installed and you really know what you are doing. This is because they are
required by many important tools. The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PERL5LIB</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">GS_LIB</span></span></span> environment variables will be set
too.
<!--l. 1250--><p class="indent" > Next, clicking the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Select </span>button labelled <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Language Collections </span>in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Main customization </span>section opens
the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Language collections </span>window in which the installation language can be chosen by ticking the box next
to the language.
<!--l. 1255--><p class="indent" > Next, click the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Install </span>button in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Install </span>section to start the installation proper process.
<!--l. 1258--><p class="indent" > The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live system needs some post-processing steps (format files generation, ls-R
databases generation, environment variables, etc.). All these operations are done there, some of
them can be lengthy. So please wait until you see a statement about the successfully finished
installation.
<!--l. 1263--><p class="indent" > The shortcut for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>will be added to the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Start</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Programs</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">TeXLive2007 </span>menu.
<!--l. 1266--><p class="indent" > If it is needed (Win9x/WinME), you will be asked to reboot your computer.
<!--l. 1268--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.2 </span> <a
id="x1-230006.2"></a>Support packages for Windows</h4>
<!--l. 1271--><p class="noindent" >To be complete, a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a
Windows machine. Many scripts are written using the Perl language. Some important tools require the
Ghostscript PostScript interpreter to render or to convert files. A graphic file toolbox is also needed in
some cases. Last but not least, a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-oriented editor makes it easy to type in your <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
files.
<!--l. 1278--><p class="indent" > All these tools are quite easy to find for Windows, but in order to try to make your life even easier,
we have put such a set of tools on <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">GNU <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Ghostscript </span>8.54
</li>
<li class="itemize">a minimal <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Perl </span>5.8, sufficient to run all the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live Perl scripts.
</li>
<li class="itemize">win-tools is a set of small programs (bzip2, gzip, jpeg2ps and tiff2png)</li></ul>
<!--l. 1292--><p class="indent" > Perl and Ghostscript are installed upon request; you may explicitly deselect them during installation
if you already have them.
<!--l. 1295--><p class="indent" > If you don’t want to install this bundle, then you are on your own to install the required tools to
complete your <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live system. Here is a list of places to get those tools:
<!--l. 1299--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd
class="description"><span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</span></a></span>
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl</span> </dt><dd
class="description"><span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.activestate.com/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.activestate.com/</span></a></span> (but you might need some supplementary packages from
CPAN: <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.cpan.org/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cpan.org/</span></a></span>)
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">ImageMagick</span> </dt><dd
class="description"><span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.imagemagick.com" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.imagemagick.com</span></a></span>
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">NetPBM</span> </dt><dd
class="description">alternatively, you could use NetPBM instead of ImageMagick to process or convert
your graphic files. NetPBM home page is <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/</span></a></span>
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">-oriented editors</span> </dt><dd
class="description">There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the user’s taste. Here is a
selection:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">GNU Emacs </span>is available natively under Windows, see <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">XEmacs </span>is available natively under Windows, see <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.xemacs.org/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.xemacs.org/</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">WinShell </span>is available on <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live in the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">support</span></span> directory, see <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.winshell.de" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winshell.de</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">WinEdt </span>is shareware available from <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.winedt.com" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winedt.com</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Vim </span>is available on <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live in the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">support\vim</span></span> directory and the reference site is <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.vim.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.vim.org</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize">TeXnicCenter is free software, available from <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.toolscenter.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.toolscenter.org</span></a></span> and in
the proTeXt distribution.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">LEd </span>is available from <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">SciTE </span>is available from <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html</span></a></span></li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1327--><p class="indent" > You might want to install other tools that are not
free<span class="footnote-mark"><a
href="#fn1x0" id="fn1x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><a
id="x1-23001f1"></a>
and therefore not included on <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, such as <span
class="ec-lmss-10">GSView</span>, the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Ghostscript </span>companion to more
conveniently view PS/PDF files. <span
class="ec-lmss-10">GSView </span>is available from <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/</span></a></span>
or any CTAN site.
<!--l. 1335--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7 </span> <a
id="x1-240007"></a>Maintenance of the installation in Windows</h3>
<!--l. 1337--><p class="noindent" >If you have TeX Live installed, you can use <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>again for modifying and maintaining your
installation.
<!--l. 1340--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1 </span> <a
id="x1-250007.1"></a>Adding/removing packages</h4>
<!--l. 1342--><p class="noindent" >As the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>shortcut is available in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Start</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Programs</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">TeXLive2007 </span>menu, start it from here. The
maintenance window titled <span
class="ec-lmss-10">TeX Live installation and maintenance utility </span>shows. It contains several tabs:
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Add Packages</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Remove packages</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Manage installation</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Remove installation</span>.
<!--l. 1348--><p class="indent" > Click the tab labelled <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Add packages </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Remove packages </span>to enter the relevant functionality and
then:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">In the first tab select the proper CD drive (or DVD with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive </span>directory) by pressing the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">CD/DVD </span>button.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Click the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Search </span>button in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Buttons </span>section to display or refresh in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Select packages</span>
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">to</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">… </span>section the list of packages to install or remove.
<!--l. 1358--><p class="noindent" >When adding packages, the list of installed packages is compared to the list of packages
available from your CD/DVD. Only packages not already installed are displayed. It is up to
you to select which packages you want to install.
<!--l. 1363--><p class="noindent" >When removing individual packages, only a list of installed packages will be displayed.
<!--l. 1366--><p class="noindent" >Please note that for both <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Add packages </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Remove packages </span>the collections are listed first.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Select a package by clicking on the name of the package. Clicking the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Info </span>button in the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Buttons </span>section displays a short description of the selected package in the window located
in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Info about the selected item </span>section. To select several packages at once hold down one
of the Ctrl or Shift keys at your keyboard while holding down the left mouse button or drag
the mouse pointer while holding down the left mouse button.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Click the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Install </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Remove </span>button in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Buttons </span>section to perform the appropriate action.</li></ul>
<!--l. 1381--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2 </span> <a
id="x1-260007.2"></a>Configuring and other management tasks</h4>
<!--l. 1383--><p class="noindent" >The functions available in the tab labelled <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Manage the installation </span>are helpful in performing actions
needed when you want to add support for a language which was not selected during the installation, or
add/regenerate a format which was not selected during the installation or was modified after the
installation.
<!--l. 1389--><p class="indent" > The following actions can be performed:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Refresh the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>database
</li>
<li class="itemize">Create formats (All or Missing)
</li>
<li class="itemize">Edit <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">language.dat</span>
</li>
<li class="itemize">Edit <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf</span>
</li>
<li class="itemize">Edit <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg</span></li></ul>
<!--l. 1399--><p class="indent" > Note: you can close the Edit… window with the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Cancel </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Done </span>button; the latter will start rebuilding
the format files (or the fontmap files if you have edited <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg</span>), followed by a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>database files
refresh.
<!--l. 1404--><p class="indent" > For more information about the configuration see section <a
href="#x1-320007.8">7.8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:persconf --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-320007.8">37<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:persconf --></a>.
<!--l. 1407--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.3 </span> <a
id="x1-270007.3"></a>Uninstalling <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
<!--l. 1409--><p class="noindent" >The tab labelled <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Remove the TeX Live installation </span>opens a window which contains functionality not worth
describing and we do not know who would need it and what it is for…:-)
<!--l. 1413--><p class="indent" > Anyway, if you have the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local</span></span> directory for your local additions, the removal procedure will
not wipe it out or delete things in it. The <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">setup-win32</span></span> directory containing <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>and
related files will not be deleted. You will have to do some manual cleanup to actually remove
them.
<!--l. 1418--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.4 </span> <a
id="x1-280007.4"></a>Adding your own packages to the installation</h4>
<!--l. 1420--><p class="noindent" >First, whatever changes you make, <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">do not forget to rebuild the ls-R database files</span>. Otherwise,
your new files will not be found. You can do this either via the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>run and selection of the
appropriate action from the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Manage the installation </span>tab, or manually running the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mktexlsr</span>
command.
<!--l. 1426--><p class="indent" > If you want to add files that are not provided by the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live distribution, it is recommended to put
them in the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFLOCAL</span></span> directory. This way, you will be safe against upgrades of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
software.
<!--l. 1430--><p class="indent" > The directory pointed to by <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFLOCAL</span></span> is initially empty. If, for example, you want to add the
support file for the Maple symbolic computation program, you will have to put the style files
in:
<br class="newline" /><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">c:\TeXLive2007\texmf-local\tex\latex\maple\</span></span>
<br class="newline" />and the documentation files in:
<br class="newline" /><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">c:\TeXLive2007\texmf-local\doc\latex\maple\</span></span>
<!--l. 1436--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.5 </span> <a
id="x1-290007.5"></a>Running <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmp.exe </span>from the command line</h4>
<!--l. 1437--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpm.exe </span>program which is used as engine by <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>has a number of other useful options. You can
get the list by running:
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1">
<a
id="x1-29002r1"></a>  tlpm --help
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 1441--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 1443--><p class="indent" > More information and examples of use can be found in <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpm.readme</span></span>.
<!--l. 1445--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.6 </span> <a
id="x1-300007.6"></a>Network installation</h4>
<!--l. 1447--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea knows about UNC names, so you can use them to get your TEXMF tree from the network.
But there is better than this. All the support files and configuration files, everything except the files in
the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin/win32</span></span> are shareable with a te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> or Unix <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation. That means you can use
Samba either to mount from an NT server to a Unix workstation or the converse. Several strategies are
possible:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Put everything on the server. Just add each set of files for the OS and architecture you want
to use in the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span></span> directory. That means for example <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin/win32</span></span> and <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin/i386-linux</span></span>.
Next configure your main variables. You can use UNC names to point to the right directories
under Win32.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Install a local copy for the binaries and format files. In this case, assign <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFMAIN</span></span> to the
main <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span> tree that will be accessed remotely. Set <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFVAR</span></span> to be a local directory
which will hold local configuration files and on-the-fly generated files.</li></ul>
<!--l. 1466--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.7 </span> <a
id="x1-310007.7"></a>What’s different in Windows?</h4>
<!--l. 1468--><p class="noindent" >The Windows version of Web2C has some specific features that should be pointed out.
<!--l. 1471--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Kpathsea</span> </dt><dd
class="description">The hash-tables that Kpathsea builds are quite large for the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. In order to
cut down the starting time of any Kpathsea-enabled program, these hash-tables have been
put in shared memory. This way, when you chain the execution of several such programs,
like <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span></span> calling <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost</span></span> calling <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span></span>, the overhead when starting each of the subprograms
is reduced. This change is hidden to the user, except if you set the debug flag of kpathsea
to the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-1</span></span> value: you will then trace access to the shared memory, which is not what you
want (it is accessed very often!). What is useful in a log trace of the shared memory access
is still to be defined, so the situation might evolve in the future.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmssbx-10">kpsecheck</span> </dt><dd
class="description">This command provides some options that did not fit well into <span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich</span>. It will allow
you to list all the files that occur multiple times across your texmf trees. This could be
handy, but most of the time you will also get unwanted output (like dozens of <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">README</span></span> files).
It is noticeable that all these files result in clashes inside the Kpathsea-hashing mechanism;
fortunately, Kpathsea never looks for these files. For this reason, you can combine the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-multiple-occurrences</span></span> with 2 other options for including or excluding any filename that
match some pattern (you can request for several patterns).
<!--l. 1495--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsecheck </span>command will also report the status of shared memory: in use or not used.
That might be useful to know because if the status reported is ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">in use</span>’, that means one or
several processes are working, and the effect of any <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mktexlsr </span>command will be delayed until
the next time where no Kpathsea linked process will be running.
<!--l. 1502--><p class="noindent" >Last, this same command will report about the location it thinks Ghostscript can be found.
Under Win32, for many programs, it is easier to use the Ghostscript dll, and find it by using
the Ghostscript registry key than to change the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span></span>, which has a limited length anyway.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Web2C</span> </dt><dd
class="description">The engines have a few more options than in Unix Web2C, and one option with a different
behavior:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-halt-on-error</span></span> stop the compilation at the first error.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-job-time</span></span> set the job time to the same timestamp as the file given in argument.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-oem</span></span> use the DOS codepage for console output.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-output-directory</span></span> allow to write all the output files in the specified directory.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-time-statistics</span></span> print statistics about the job run time. It is to be noted that
Win9x not being a true multitasking operating system, it has no reliable timer for short
periods, so the value printed is an approximation. Under NT/2K/XP, the result is quite
accurate with user time and system time values allocated for this run. For Unix users:
the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">time</span></span> command is not usually available to Windows users.</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1527--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.8 </span> <a
id="x1-320007.8"></a>Personal configurations</h4>
<!--l. 1530--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.8.1 </span> <a
id="x1-330007.8.1"></a>Dvips</h5>
<!--l. 1532--><p class="noindent" >The configuration file for dvips can be found in
<br class="newline" /><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\TeXLive2007\texmf-var\dvips\config\config.ps</span></span></span>
<br class="newline" />You may open it with any editor and change some parameters:
<!--l. 1538--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">fonts</span> </dt><dd
class="description">you can change the default printer Metafont mode or printer resolution in case <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>needs
to generate PK fonts. By default it is configured to use Type 1 versions of the CM fonts, so
it should not call <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mktexpk </span>too often;
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">printer</span> </dt><dd
class="description">you can tell dvips where you want to print by default. If the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">o </span>option is not followed by a
printer name, then a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.ps </span>PostScript file is written. You can give dvips a printer name such
as:
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2">
<a
id="x1-33002r1"></a>  o lpt1:
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-33004r2"></a>  % o | lpr -S server -P myprinter
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-33006r3"></a>  % o \\server\myprinter
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 1551--><p class="nopar" >
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">paper</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Next, you might want to change the paper size from European (A4) to US letter by
making the US letter the first paper size mentioned in the file. Scroll to the group of
lines beginning with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">@</span>. Move the appropriate lines so that this section begins with the
lines:
<br class="newline" />  @ letterSize 8.5in 11in
<br class="newline" />  @ letter 8.5in 11in
<br class="newline" />  @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Letter
<br class="newline" />  @+ letter
<br class="newline" />  @+ %%EndPaperSize</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1564--><p class="indent" > The current <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live distribution implements the procedure of making always up-to-date fontmaps
files for Dvips and Pdftex. This is done by the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>program during installation, as well as during
any font package addition. If you add new packages by hand, edit the file <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg</span></span></span> in <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFVAR/web2c</span></span>.
<!--l. 1570--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.8.2 </span> <a
id="x1-340007.8.2"></a>PdfTeX</h5>
<!--l. 1572--><p class="noindent" >If you use the program pdflatex to write PDF format directly, and you are using US letter-size paper,
edit the file <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\TeXLive2007\texmf-var\tex\generic\config\pdftexconfig.tex</span></span></span> and change
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfpagewidth</span>’ and ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfpageheight</span>’. These entries should read: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1577--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfpagewidth=8.5</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> true</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> in</span>
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfpageheight=11</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> true</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> in</span>
</div>
</div> Save the file and exit the editor.
<!--l. 1583--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.8.3 </span> <a
id="x1-350007.8.3"></a>GSView</h5>
<!--l. 1584--><p class="noindent" >GSView is now distributed under the Aladdin License, and therefore is no longer included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live.
<!--l. 1587--><p class="indent" > If you may want to change the page size to US letter size. If so, open GSView from the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Start </span>menu,
and select <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Media</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Letter</span>.
<!--l. 1590--><p class="indent" > Also, there are menu settings that are supposed to give you the most readable screen image. On
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Media</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Display Settings</span>, set both <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Text Alpha </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Graphics Alpha </span>to 4 bits.
<!--l. 1594--><p class="indent" > Note that the installation process has set all <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.ps </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.eps </span>files to automatically open with
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">GSView</span>.
<!--l. 1597--><p class="indent" > For printing instructions, see section <a
href="#x1-370007.10">7.10<!--tex4ht:ref: printing --></a> below.
<!--l. 1599--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.9 </span> <a
id="x1-360007.9"></a>Testing</h4>
<!--l. 1601--><p class="noindent" >For generic verification procedures, see section <a
href="#x1-190004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:test-install --></a> (p. <a
href="#x1-190004.2">28<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:test-install --></a>). This section describes Windows-specific
tests.
<!--l. 1605--><p class="indent" > Open the file <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span></span></span> in your editor (Xemacs, WinShell), found in <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\TeXLive2007\texmf-dist\tex\latex\base</span></span>. The <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> source should appear on the screen.
Process it by clicking on the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Command</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">LaTeX </span>menu (XEmacs) or <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> icon on the toolbar
(WinShell), then view it by clicking on the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Command</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">View DVI </span>menu (XEmacs) or Preview (dviout)
icon (WinShell).
<!--l. 1612--><p class="indent" > At first, when you preview files with <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>, it will create fonts because screen fonts were not
installed. After a while, you will have created most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the
font-creation window.
<!--l. 1616--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Hint for the future: </span>If a <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> run stops because <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> cannot find a file, you can press
Ctrl-z to quit.
<!--l. 1620--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.10 </span> <a
id="x1-370007.10"></a>Printing</h4>
<!--l. 1623--><p class="noindent" >It is possible to print from <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>. In this case, printing will be done using the Windows unified printer
driver. By definition, it is compatible with all printers. However, there is some drawback: it
can generate some huge spool files, and some (older) versions of Windows just don’t like
them. The advantage is that you can use features like embedding BMP or WMF images. You
also need to make sure that the printer parameters are correctly set, else you will get scaled
printing (printing at 600dpi on a 300dpi printer will give you only one quadrant of your
page).
<!--l. 1633--><p class="indent" > Printing is faster and more reliable if you run <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>to make a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.ps </span>file and then print from <span
class="ec-lmss-10">GSView</span>. In
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">GSview</span>, select <span
class="ec-lmss-10">File</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Print</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">…</span>. A <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Print </span>window will appear.
<!--l. 1638--><p class="indent" > If you are using a PostScript printer, <span
class="ec-lmri-10">be sure to select </span><span
class="ec-lmsso-10">PostScript Printer</span>. This is done in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Print</span>
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Method </span>box at the bottom left of the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Print </span>window. You can then select any of the printers that you have
previously installed. If you fail to check the box for <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PostScript Printer</span>, printing will not
work.
<!--l. 1644--><p class="indent" > If you will be using your own non-PostScript printer, select <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Ghostscript device </span>in the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Print Method</span>
box, then click on the button to the right labelled <span
class="ec-lmss-10">djet500 </span>and select your printer type from the list that
pops up. (In the older version of <span
class="ec-lmss-10">GSView</span>, make sure <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PostScript Printer </span>is <span
class="ec-lmri-10">not </span>selected, then select
your printer type from the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Device </span>list.)
<!--l. 1651--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.11 </span> <a
id="x1-380007.11"></a>Tips and tricks for Win32</h4>
<!--l. 1653--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.11.1 </span> <a
id="x1-390007.11.1"></a>Different flavors of Win32</h5>
<!--l. 1655--><p class="noindent" >What we call Win32 is not an operating system by itself. It is a large set of functions (around 12,000 in
the header files of the Microsoft SDK) that you can use to write programs for different operating systems
of the Windows family.
<!--l. 1660--><p class="indent" > Windows comes in different flavors:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Win95, Win98 and WinME, which <span
class="ec-lmri-10">are not true multitasking, multithreading </span>environments,
but rather updated incarnations of DOS. This can be more or less proven by the fact that
when booting, the PC will load the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">command.com</span></span> interpreter, and if you stop the boot
process at this point, you can ask for the current (DOS) version and it will answer something
like ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">MS-DOS 7.0</span>’ (at least for the old versions of Win9x).
</li>
<li class="itemize">Windows NT, which is a new operating system written from scratch, capable of true
multitasking behavior, and including many high level features.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Windows 2000, based on NT, with all the bells and whistles of Win98.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Windows XP, which comes with Personal and Pro flavors. This is the last step in merging
both lines of products (Win9x based and NT based). XP is based on NT.</li></ul>
<!--l. 1679--><p class="indent" > Win9x are able to run 32 bits programs and 16 bits programs concurrently. But the operating
system by itself is not entirely written in 32 bits mode, and does not support memory protection: 16bits
applications can overwrite parts of the operating system memory! Some parts of the system like the GDI
(Graphical Device Interface) manage limited resources like bitmaps, fonts, pens and so on for the
set of all programs that run concurrently. All the bitmaps headers available at the same
time can’t amount for more than 64kB. This explains the performance tool and the fact
that you can put your system on his knees by making intensive use of graphic objects for
example.
<!--l. 1690--><p class="indent" > NT, 2K and XP do not suffer from these limitations, and neither from other Win9x limitations. They
are true multitasking environments, with protected memory. They are much more responsive than Win9x
because of better memory management, better file system and so on.
<!--l. 1695--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.11.2 </span> <a
id="x1-400007.11.2"></a>Command line prompt</h5>
<!--l. 1697--><p class="noindent" >You may wonder, “Why would I need to use a command line prompt when I have Windows?”
<!--l. 1700--><p class="indent" > Good question. The problem is of very general nature. Not all operations can be done easily using
only a GUI. Command line gives you programming power — assuming a clever command
interpreter.
<!--l. 1704--><p class="indent" > But the problem here is more fundamental: <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> is <span
class="ec-lmri-10">a batch </span>tool. Not an interactive one. <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> needs
to compute the best layout for each page, resolve cross-references and so on. This can be
done only by a global processing of the document. It is not (yet) a task that can be done
interactively.
<!--l. 1710--><p class="indent" > This means that you should use <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> from a command line. In fact the situation is not so bad. There
is an advantage to write command line tools for complex processing: they are better debugged, because
they are independent of any GUI problems, and GUI tools can be designed to interface to the command
line tools. This is the case for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, where you will mostly interact with it through a GUI text
editor.
<!--l. 1718--><p class="indent" > However, you may need to use the command line prompt in a number of situations. One is when you
are having difficulties and want to debug your setup.
<!--l. 1722--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Win9x</span> </dt><dd
class="description">You can open a command line prompt by looking either for the MS-DOS icon in the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Start</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Programs </span>menu, or by choosing <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Start</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Run </span>menu typing in <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">command.com</span></span> as the
progrm name.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">NT, 2K, XP</span> </dt><dd
class="description">You can open a command line prompt by looking for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Command Prompt </span>in the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Start</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Accessories </span>menu. You can also choose <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Start</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Run </span>and type in <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmd.exe</span></span>, which is the
name of the brand new command interpreter for NT (thus, it is untrue to call this a <span
class="ec-lmri-10">DOS</span>
box!).</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1735--><p class="indent" > These locations may change across different Windows versions.
<!--l. 1737--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.11.3 </span> <a
id="x1-410007.11.3"></a>Path separators</h5>
<!--l. 1739--><p class="noindent" >The Win32 API understands both <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span></span> and <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span></span> characters as PATH separators. But the command
interpreters do not! So whenever a path name is used programmatically, you can use both separators,
and even mix them up in the same path name. But on the command line, you must type <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span></span> as path
separator. The reason is compatibility: the command processor used ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>’ to introduce arguments to
commands.
<!--l. 1746--><p class="indent" > All this to say: do not be surprised to read path names written using the Unix convention; fp<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> is a
port of Web2C, and aims to be compatible across platforms. For this reason, all the configuration files
that need to specify path names use the Unix convention.
<!--l. 1751--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.11.4 </span> <a
id="x1-420007.11.4"></a>File systems</h5>
<!--l. 1754--><p class="noindent" >The worst feature of Win9x with regard to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> is probably the so-called FAT file system. <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> uses
very many small files, with size around 1–3kB. The FAT file system is old, and predates by decades the
multi-gigabytes hard disks we have today. As a result, it cannot manage efficiently the tens of thousands
of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> files found in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. The FAT file system allocates a minimum of 32kB for <span
class="ec-lmri-10">any</span>
file on a huge partition. It means that <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> will use much more disk space than it actually
needs.
<!--l. 1763--><p class="indent" > The other, more modern, file systems available, FAT32 and NTFS, do not have this drawback. They
manage clusters of 4kB only. (You can lower the limit to 512 bytes on NTFS.)
<!--l. 1767--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.11.5 </span> <a
id="x1-430007.11.5"></a>How to add some directory to your PATH</h5>
<!--l. 1769--><p class="noindent" >There are pairs of variables and values which behave much like global variables inside your programs.
The set of those variables is called the environment. Each program is initialized with a copy of the
environment when it is run. It can request and change the value of any variable. The changes
happen in the copy of the environment, and is not at all propagated to the other running
programs.
<!--l. 1777--><p class="indent" > Your PATH is a special environment variable used to search for programs you want to run. There is a
different procedure to change it for Win9x, WinME and NT/2K/XP:
<!--l. 1781--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Windows 95/98</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Edit your <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">autoexec.bat</span></span>. In this file should be a line starting with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH= </span>and
followed by a list of directories separated by <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span></span>. Please add the directory with the executables in
this line. After this, this line could look as follows:
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3">
<a
id="x1-43002r1"></a>  PATH=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\TeXLive2007\bin\win32
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 1788--><p class="nopar" >
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Windows ME</span> </dt><dd
class="description">You need to run the special program <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">c:\windows\system\msconfig.exe</span></span> to be able to
change any environment variable. From this program, select the ‘Environment’ tab, and then add
or modify the variable you want. You will be asked to reboot the machine upon any
change.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Windows NT/2K/XP</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Click left on <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Start</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Settings</span><span
class="cmsy-10">→</span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Control Panel</span>. Now the window with the control
panel icons opens. Double click on System. The System Properties window opens. Click on the tab
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Environment </span>or look for a button named <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Environment Variables </span>among the dialog boxes. Now
you can change the environment variables for your user account. Note: There are also
displayed the environment settings for the system. Normally, you can’t change the
system variables unless you have administrator rights on your machine. If you want to
change the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>for all users, you will have to contact your system administrator or be
the system administrator yourself — in the latter case you should know what you are
doing.
<!--l. 1807--><p class="noindent" >If there is already a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>setting for your user account, left click on <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>. In the field
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">Variable </span>appears <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>while the field Value shows the current setting of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>as a list of
directories separated by <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span></span>. Add the directory where the executables are located (e.g. <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">c:\TeXLive2007\bin\win32</span></span>). If there isn’t a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>variable for your user account, simply click in
the field Variable and type in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>, click in the field <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Value </span>and type in the directory with the
executables. Important: Click on the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Apply </span>button before clicking <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Ok</span>, otherwise the
changes to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>won’t apply to your system. Be careful when changing the environment
settings.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1821--><p class="indent" > The best way to be sure that a variable has been properly set is to open a console and
type:
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4">
<a
id="x1-43004r1"></a>  set VARIABLE
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 1825--><p class="nopar" >which should return the corresponding value.
<!--l. 1828--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.11.6 </span> <a
id="x1-440007.11.6"></a><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> engines</h5>
<!--l. 1830--><p class="noindent" >If you have a look at the Web2C documentation, you will read that all the various <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
derived programs use the same base engine. For example, <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.exe</span></span> and <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">latex.exe</span></span> are exact
copies of the same program, but each one will use a different format file, based on its calling
name.
<!--l. 1836--><p class="indent" > Under Unix, this feature is implemented through <span
class="ec-lmri-10">symbolic links</span>. It saves up a bit of disk space,
because some engines are used with many different format files.
<!--l. 1840--><p class="indent" > The Win32 API does not know about file links. So to save up almost the same amount of memory, all
the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> base engines have been put in DLLs (<span
class="ec-lmri-10">Dynamic Linked Library</span>). This means that you will have
the following layout: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1844--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">18/09/2005</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 14:19</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 3</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 584</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> latex.exe</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">18/09/2005</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 14:19</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 3</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 584</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> pdfetex.exe</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">18/09/2005</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 14:19</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 524</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 288</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> tl90pdfetex.dll</span>
</div>
</div> and the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">latex.exe</span></span> file is nothing but a rough copy of <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfetex.exe</span></span> using the same core <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tl90pdfetex.dll</span></span>. The same trick has been used for the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex*.exe</span></span> family of programs which are
linked to the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex.dll</span></span> library.
<!--l. 1854--><p class="indent" > In fact, a generic tool called <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">irun.exe</span></span> is provided to build the equivalent of Unix hard links for
executable files only under Win32.
<!--l. 1857--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.12 </span> <a
id="x1-450007.12"></a>In case of problems</h4>
<!--l. 1860--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.12.1 </span> <a
id="x1-460007.12.1"></a>What to do if <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">latex </span>does not find your files?</h5>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>is the tool of choice to debug any problem. However, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>outputs debug
information to stderr, and the older Windows consoles do not know how to redirect stderr
to a file. (Windows NT and later do support redirections, but the trick below will work for
any console.) For diagnostic purposes you can temporarily set an environment variable (in
a DOS box):
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5">
<a
id="x1-46002r1"></a>  SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 1873--><p class="nopar" >You can also set the debug level:
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6">
<a
id="x1-46004r1"></a>  SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 1877--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 1879--><p class="noindent" >Similarly, to redirect stderr to stdout:
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7">
<a
id="x1-46006r1"></a>  SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=con:
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 1882--><p class="nopar" >This way you can capture both stdout and stderr in the same file.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Assuming the installation has been done in <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">c:/TeX</span></span>, check the following values:
<br class="newline" /><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
><colgroup id="TBL-5-1g"><col
id="TBL-5-1"><col
id="TBL-5-2"></colgroup><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-1-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-1-1"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich␣-expand-path␣$SELFAUTOPARENT</span></span> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-1-2"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">c:/TeX</span></span> </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-2-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-2-1"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich␣-expand-path␣$TEXMF</span></span> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-2-2"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">c:/TeX/texmf....</span></span> </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-3-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-3-1"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich␣-expand-path␣$TEXMFCNF</span></span> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-3-2"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">.;c:/TeX/texmf-var/web2c;</span></span> </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-5-4-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-4-1"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich␣-expand-var␣$TEXINPUTS</span></span> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-5-4-2"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">.;c:/TeX/texmf/tex//</span></span> </td>
</tr></table></div>
</li>
<li class="itemize">If you have other <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related values already set in your environment, please, remove them. They
are overriding the ones in texmf.cnf.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Check the values from:
<br class="newline" /><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"><table class="tabular"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
><colgroup id="TBL-6-1g"><col
id="TBL-6-1"><col
id="TBL-6-2"></colgroup><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-1-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-1-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich cmr10.tfm </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-1-2"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">c:/TeX/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span></span> </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-2-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-2-1"
class="td11"> <span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich latex.fmt </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-2-2"
class="td11"> <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">c:/TeX/texmf/web2c/latex.fmt</span></span> </td>
</tr></table></div>
</li>
<li class="itemize">At this point, if everything is correct, <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and friends should work. If it is not the case, you will
need to play with the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-debug=n</span></span> option from <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span></span>, and check back all the values. Try to
identify and report the problem.</li></ul>
<!--l. 1911--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.12.2 </span> <a
id="x1-470007.12.2"></a>What to do if your setup still does not work as expected?</h5>
<!--l. 1913--><p class="noindent" >Here are several questions to investigate:
<!--l. 1915--><p class="indent" >
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-47002x1">Is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.exe </span>in my <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span></span>?
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-47004x2">Is the <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCNF</span></span> variable correctly set to <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">c:/TeXLive2007/texmf-var/web2c</span></span> (default
value)?
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-47006x3">Are there any errors in the log file generated by the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmpgui.exe </span>program? <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmpgui.log</span>
can be found in your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEMP </span>directory. You can find this by searching for the string ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Error</span>’.
Hint: the log file can show some errors after building all format files. Please do not panic:
perhaps some formats weren’t already installed.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-47008x4">Are there any relevant bug fixes at <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a></span>? (Unlikely, but it doesn’t
hurt to check.)
</li></ol>
<!--l. 1934--><p class="indent" > The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live software consists of hundreds of programs and tens of thousands of files, all from
varying sources. So it is quite difficult to predict all possible causes for problems. Nevertheless, we will do
our best to help you. (See section <a
href="#x1-50001.2">1.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:help --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-50001.2">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:help --></a>.)
<!--l. 1940--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8 </span> <a
id="x1-480008"></a>A user’s guide to Web2C</h3>
<!--l. 1942--><p class="noindent" >Web2C is an integrated collection of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related programs: <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX,
etc. It is the heart of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
<!--l. 1945--><p class="indent" > A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-to-C system based on change files under Unix, which were primarily the original work
of Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system,
and during this period the name changed to Web-to-C. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the
work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf
Weber.
<!--l. 1953--><p class="indent" > The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems.
It uses Knuth’s original sources for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and other basic programs written in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">web </span>and translates them
into C source code. The core <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> programs are:
<!--l. 1958--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1959--><p class="noindent" >Maintaining bibliographies.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dmp</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1960--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmss-10">troff </span>to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvicopy</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1961--><p class="noindent" >Expands virtual font references in DVI files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvitomp</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1962--><p class="noindent" >DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvitype</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1963--><p class="noindent" >DVI to human-readable text.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">gftodvi</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1964--><p class="noindent" >Generic font proofsheets.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">gftopk</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1965--><p class="noindent" >Generic to packed fonts.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">gftype</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1966--><p class="noindent" >GF to human-readable text.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">makempx</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1967--><p class="noindent" >MetaPost label typesetting.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1968--><p class="noindent" >Creating typeface families.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mft</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1969--><p class="noindent" >Prettyprinting Metafont source.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1970--><p class="noindent" >Creating technical diagrams.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mpto</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1971--><p class="noindent" >MetaPost label extraction.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">newer</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1972--><p class="noindent" >Compare modification times.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">patgen</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1973--><p class="noindent" >Creating hyphenation patterns.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pktogf</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1974--><p class="noindent" >Packed to generic fonts.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pktype</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1975--><p class="noindent" >PK to human-readable text.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pltotf</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1976--><p class="noindent" >Plain text property list to TFM.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pooltype</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1977--><p class="noindent" >Display <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">web </span>pool files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tangle</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1978--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">web </span>to Pascal.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1979--><p class="noindent" >Typesetting.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tftopl</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1980--><p class="noindent" >TFM to plain text property list.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">vftovp</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1981--><p class="noindent" >Virtual font to virtual property list.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">vptovf</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1982--><p class="noindent" >Virtual property list to virtual font.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">weave</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1983--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">web </span>to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1986--><p class="noindent" >The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual
packages and of Web2C itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs
will help you take advantage of your Web2C installation.
<!--l. 1991--><p class="indent" > All programs honor these standard GNU options:
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--help</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1993--><p class="noindent" >print basic usage summary.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--verbose</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1994--><p class="noindent" >print detailed progress report.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--version</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1995--><p class="noindent" >print version information, then exit.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1998--><p class="indent" > For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea. This
library uses a combination of environment variables and a configuration files to optimize
searching the (huge) collection of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> files. Web2C can look at more than one directory
tree simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s standard distribution and local
extensions in two distinct trees. To speed up file searches the root of each tree has a file
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files under that
root.
<!--l. 2008--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1 </span> <a
id="x1-490008.1"></a>Kpathsea path searching</h4>
<!--l. 2010--><p class="noindent" >Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library.
<!--l. 2013--><p class="indent" > We call a <span
class="ec-lmri-10">search path </span>a colon- or semicolon-separated list of <span
class="ec-lmri-10">path elements</span>, which are basically
directory names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">my-file</span>’ along a path ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.:/dir</span>’, Kpathsea checks each element of the path in turn: first <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file</span>,
then <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/dir/my-file</span>, returning the first match (or possibly all matches).
<!--l. 2021--><p class="indent" > In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can
use filename separators different from colon (‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’) and slash (‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>’).
<!--l. 2025--><p class="indent" > To check a particular path element <span
class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>, Kpathsea first checks if a prebuilt database (see “Filename
database” on page <a
href="#x1-570008.2">55<!--tex4ht:ref: Filename-database --></a>) applies to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of <span
class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>. If so, the
path specification is matched against the contents of the database.
<!--l. 2031--><p class="indent" > If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path element, or contains no matches, the
filesystem is searched (if this was not forbidden by a specification starting with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>’ and if the file being
searched for must exist). Kpathsea constructs the list of directories that correspond to this path element,
and then checks in each for the file being sought.
<!--l. 2038--><p class="indent" > The “file must exist” condition comes into play with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>’ files and input files read by <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\openin</span>
command. Such files may not exist (e.g., <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.vf</span>), and so it would be wrong to search the disk for
them. Therefore, if you fail to update <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>when you install a new ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>’ file, it will never be found. Each
path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the disk. If a match is found, the search stops
and the result is returned.
<!--l. 2047--><p class="indent" > Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports
additional features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config
file values, users’ home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that
Kpathsea <span
class="ec-lmri-10">expands </span>a path element, meaning it transforms all the specifications into basic
directory name or names. This is described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
place.
<!--l. 2056--><p class="indent" > Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>’ or
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">./</span>’ or ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">../</span>’, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists.
<!--l. 2070--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.1 </span> <a
id="x1-500008.1.1"></a>Path sources</h5>
<!--l. 2073--><p class="noindent" >A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them:
<!--l. 2076--><p class="indent" >
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-50002x1">A user-set environment variable, for instance, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>. Environment variables with a
period and a program name appended override; e.g., if ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">latex</span>’ is the name of the program
being run, then <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS.latex </span>will override <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-50004x2">A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">S /a:/b</span>’ in <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>’s <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-50006x3">A Kpathsea configuration file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, containing a line like ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span>’ (see
below).
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-50008x4">The compile-time default.</li></ol>
<!--l. 2089--><p class="noindent" >You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging
actions” on page <a
href="#x1-610008.2.4">59<!--tex4ht:ref: Debugging --></a>).
<!--l. 2093--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.2 </span> <a
id="x1-510008.1.2"></a>Config files</h5>
<!--l. 2096--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea reads <span
class="ec-lmri-10">runtime configuration files </span>named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>for search path and other definitions. The
search path used to look for these files is named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCNF </span>(by default such a file lives in the
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c </span>subdirectory). <span
class="ec-lmri-10">All </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>files in the search path will be read and definitions in earlier
files override those in later files. Thus, with a search path of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.:$TEXMF</span></span></span>, values from <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">./texmf.cnf </span>override
those from <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></span></span>.
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Comments start with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>and continue to the end of the line.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Blank lines are ignored.
</li>
<li class="itemize">A <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\ </span>at the end of a line acts as a continuation character, i.e., the next line is appended.
Whitespace at the beginning of continuation lines is not ignored.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Each remaining line has the form: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2117--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">variable</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">[.</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> [=]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">value</span>
</div>
</div>where the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>’ and surrounding whitespace are optional.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The <span
class="ec-lmro-10">variable </span>name may contain any character other than whitespace, ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>’, or ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span>’, but sticking to
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">A-Za-z_</span>’ is safest.
</li>
<li class="itemize">If ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span>’ is present, the definition only applies if the program that is running is named
<span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname </span>or <span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.exe</span>. This allows different flavors of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> to have different search paths, for
example.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmro-10">value </span>may contain any characters except <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>and ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">@</span>’. The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">var</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">prog </span>feature is not available on the
right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable. A ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span>’ in <span
class="ec-lmro-10">value </span>is translated to ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’ if
running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>for Unix, MS-DOS and
Windows systems.
</li>
<li class="itemize">All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so variables can be referenced before they are
defined.</li></ul>
<!--l. 2142--><p class="noindent" >A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below:
<!--l. 2146--><p class="indent" >
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8">
<a
id="x1-51002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXMF</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> {$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-51004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXINPUTS.latex</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> .;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-51006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXINPUTS.fontinst</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> .;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-51008r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> %</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> e-TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> related</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> files</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-51010r5"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXINPUTS.elatex</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-51012r6"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXINPUTS.etex</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//</span>
</div>
<!--l. 2151--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.3 </span> <a
id="x1-520008.1.3"></a>Path expansion</h5>
<!--l. 2155--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those
available in Unix shells. As a general example, the complex path, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></span></span>, expands to
all subdirectories under directories <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">foo </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bar </span>in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$USER</span>’s home directory that contain a directory or file
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">baz</span>. These expansions are explained in the sections below.
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.4 </span> <a
id="x1-530008.1.4"></a>Default expansion</h5>
<!--l. 2167--><p class="noindent" >If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page <a
href="#x1-500008.1.1">50<!--tex4ht:ref: Path-sources --></a>) contains an <span
class="ec-lmri-10">extra colon </span>(i.e., leading,
trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined.
If that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest. For example, given an
environment variable setting
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2176--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">setenv</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/home/karl:</span></span>
</div>
</div> and a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS </span>value from <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>of
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2181--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> .:$TEXMF//tex</span>
</div>
</div> then the final value used for searching will be:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2186--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2190--><p class="indent" > Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only
one extra ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’ and leaves any others in place. It checks first for a leading ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’, then a trailing ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’, then a
doubled ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’.
<!--l. 2195--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.5 </span> <a
id="x1-540008.1.5"></a>Brace expansion</h5>
<!--l. 2197--><p class="noindent" >A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">v{a,b}w</span></span></span> expands to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">vaw:vbw</span></span></span>.
Nesting is allowed. This is used to implement multiple <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> hierarchies, by assigning a brace list to
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF</span>. For example, in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, the following definition (appproximately; there are actually even
more trees) is made:
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9">
<a
id="x1-54002r1"></a>    TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 2205--><p class="nopar" >Using this you can then write something like
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10">
<a
id="x1-54004r1"></a>    TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 2209--><p class="nopar" >which means that, after looking in the current directory, the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFHOME/tex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFLOCAL/tex</span>,
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFVAR/tex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFMAIN/tex </span>trees <span
class="ec-lmri-10">only</span>) will be searched (the last two use using <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>data base
files). It is a convenient way for running two parallel <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> structures, one “frozen” (on a CD, for
instance) and the other being continuously updated with new versions as they become available. By
using the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the up-to-date tree
first.
<!--l. 2221--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.6 </span> <a
id="x1-550008.1.6"></a>Subdirectory expansion</h5>
<!--l. 2224--><p class="noindent" >Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory <span
class="ec-lmro-10">d </span>is replaced by all
subdirectories of <span
class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>: first those subdirectories directly under <span
class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>, then the subsubdirectories under those,
and so on. At each level, the order in which the directories are searched is <span
class="ec-lmri-10">unspecified</span>.
<!--l. 2230--><p class="indent" > If you specify any filename components after the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>’, only subdirectories with matching components
are included. For example, ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a//b</span>’ expands into directories <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/b</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/2/b</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/1/b</span>, and so on, but
not <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/b/c </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1</span>.
<!--l. 2235--><p class="indent" > Multiple ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>’ constructs in a path are possible, but ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>’ at the beginning of a path is
ignored.
<!--l. 2238--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.7 </span> <a
id="x1-560008.1.7"></a>List of special characters and their meaning: a summary</h5>
<!--l. 2240--><p class="noindent" >The following list summarizes the special characters in Kpathsea configuration files.
<!--l. 2245--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2246--><p class="noindent" >Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path it substitutes the
default path expansion.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2248--><p class="noindent" >Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2249--><p class="noindent" >Variable expansion.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2250--><p class="noindent" >Represents the user’s home directory.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">{...}</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2251--><p class="noindent" >Brace expansion.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2252--><p class="noindent" >Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2254--><p class="noindent" >Start of comment.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2255--><p class="noindent" >Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2256--><p class="noindent" >Search <span
class="ec-lmri-10">only </span>database to locate file, <span
class="ec-lmri-10">do not </span>search the disk.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 2261--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2 </span> <a
id="x1-570008.2"></a>Filename databases</h4>
<!--l. 2264--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, at installations with
enough directories, searching each possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to be traversed.) Therefore, Kpathsea
can use an externally-built plain text “database” file named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>that maps files to directories, thus
avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
<!--l. 2272--><p class="indent" > A second database file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases </span>allows you to give additional names to the files listed in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. This
can be helpful to confirm to DOS 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
<!--l. 2276--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.1 </span> <a
id="x1-580008.2.1"></a>The filename database</h5>
<!--l. 2279--><p class="noindent" >As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. You can put one at the
root of each <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>by
default); most sites have only one hierarchy. Kpathsea looks for <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>files along the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDBS</span>
path.
<!--l. 2285--><p class="indent" > The recommended way to create and maintain ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>’ is to run the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mktexlsr </span>script included with the
distribution. It is invoked by the various ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex</span>’… scripts. In principle, this script just runs the command
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2289--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cd</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">/your/texmf/root</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> &&</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> -1LAR</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ./</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> >ls-R</span>
</div>
</div> presuming your system’s <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>produces the right output format (GNU <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>is all right). To ensure that
the database is always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cron</span>, so that it is
automatically updated when the installed files change, such as after installing or updating a <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>
package.
<!--l. 2298--><p class="indent" > If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a
particular path element begins with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>’, however, <span
class="ec-lmri-10">only </span>the database will be searched for that element,
never the disk.
<!--l. 2304--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.2 </span> <a
id="x1-590008.2.2"></a>kpsewhich: Standalone path searching</h5>
<!--l. 2307--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich </span>program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be
useful as a sort of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">find </span>program to locate files in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex</span>’… scripts).
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2312--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmro-10">option</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">…</span> <span
class="ec-lmro-10">filename</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">…</span></span>
</div>
</div> The options specified in <span
class="ec-lmro-10">option </span>start with either ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-</span>’ or ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--</span>’, and any unambiguous abbreviation is
accepted.
<!--l. 2318--><p class="indent" > Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the
first file found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">find</span>’ utility for that).
<!--l. 2323--><p class="indent" > The more important options are described next.
<!--l. 2325--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--dpi=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2326--><p class="noindent" > Set the resolution to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>; this only affects ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>’ and ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>’ lookups. ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-D</span>’ is a synonym, for
compatibility with <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>. Default is 600.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2331--><p class="noindent" >
<br class="newline" />Set the format for lookup to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For
formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as MetaPost support files
and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>configuration files, you have to specify the name as known to Kpathsea, such as
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">enc files</span>. Run <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help </span>for a list.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">string</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2339--><p class="noindent" >
<br class="newline" />Set the mode name to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">string</span>; this only affects ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>’ and ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>’ lookups. No default: any mode
will be found.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--must-exist</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2342--><p class="noindent" >
<br class="newline" />Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default,
only the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>database is checked, in the interest of efficiency.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">string</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2346--><p class="noindent" >
<br class="newline" />Search along the path <span
class="ec-lmro-10">string </span>(colon-separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path
from the filename. ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>’ and all the usual expansions are supported. The options ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--path</span>’
and ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>’ are mutually exclusive.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2351--><p class="noindent" >
<br class="newline" />Set the program name to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. This can affect the search paths via the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname </span>feature.
The default is <span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2356--><p class="noindent" >
<br class="newline" />shows the path used for file lookups of file type <span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. Either a filename extension (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>,
etc.) or a name can be used, just as with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>’ option.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2360--><p class="noindent" >
<br class="newline" />sets the debugging options to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 2365--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.3 </span> <a
id="x1-600008.2.3"></a>Examples of use</h5>
<!--l. 2368--><p class="noindent" >Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2370--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">article.cls</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls</span>
</div>
</div> We are looking for the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">article.cls</span>. Since the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.cls</span>’ suffix is unambiguous we do not
need to specify that we want to look for a file of type <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>(<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> source file directories). We
find it in the subdirectory <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex/latex/base </span>below the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>’ <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directory.
Similarly, all of the following are found without problems thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2380--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">array.sty</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">latin1.def</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">size10.clo</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">small2e.tex</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tugboat.bib</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2393--><p class="indent" > That last is a BibTeX bibliography database for <span
class="ec-lmro-10">TUGBoat </span>articles.
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2395--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.pk</span></span>
</div>
</div> Font bitmap glyph files of type <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>are used by display programs like <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>. Nothing is returned
in this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>’ files in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live — the Type 1
variants are used by default. <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2402--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">wsuipa10.pk</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2409--><p class="indent" > For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington) we had to generate ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>’
files, and since the default Metafont mode on our installation is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ljfour </span>with a base resolution of 600dpi
(dots per inch), this instantiation is returned. <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2413--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-dpi=300</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">wsuipa10.pk</span></span>
</div>
</div> In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution of 300dpi (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-dpi=300</span>) we see that no
such font is available on the system. A program like <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>would go off and actually build the
required <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>files using the script <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mktexpk</span>.
<!--l. 2422--><p class="indent" > Next we turn our attention to <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>’s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the
commonly used files, the general prolog <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.pro </span>for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> support, before turning our attention to the
generic configuration file (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>) and the PostScript font map <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map </span>— as of 2004, map and
encoding files have their own search paths and new location in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>trees. As the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.ps</span>’ suffix is
ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which type we are considering (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips config</span>) for the file
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>. <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2431--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.pro</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format="dvips</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config"</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2440--><p class="indent" > We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the
standard font naming scheme is ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utm</span>’. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the
name of the map file: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2444--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format="dvips</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config"</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.utm</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm</span>
</div>
</div> The contents of that file is <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2449--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +utm.map</span>
</div>
</div> which points to the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utm.map</span>, which we want to locate next. <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2454--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utm.map</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map</span>
</div>
</div> This map file defines the file names of the Type 1 PostScript fonts in the URW collection. Its contents
look like (we only show part of the lines): <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2461--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmb8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmb8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbi8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmbi8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmr8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmri8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmri8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbo8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmb8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmro8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmr8a.pfb</span>
</div>
</div> Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8a.pfb </span>and find its position in the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>
directory tree with a search for Type 1 font files: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2472--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8a.pfb</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2479--><p class="indent" > It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file.
This is especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>will show you the first file encountered.
<!--l. 2484--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.4 </span> <a
id="x1-610008.2.4"></a>Debugging actions</h5>
<!--l. 2487--><p class="noindent" >Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical,
Kpathsea offers various levels of debugging output:
<!--l. 2491--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 1</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2492--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">stat </span>calls (disk lookups). When running with an up-to-date <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>database this should
almost give no output.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 2</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2495--><p class="noindent" >References to hash tables (such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>databases, map files, configuration files).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 4</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2497--><p class="noindent" >File open and close operations.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 8</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2498--><p class="noindent" >General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where
a particular path for the file was defined.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">16</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2501--><p class="noindent" >Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">32</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2503--><p class="noindent" >File searches.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 2505--><p class="noindent" >A value of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-1 </span>will set all the above options; in practice, this is usually the most convenient.
<!--l. 2508--><p class="indent" > Similarly, with the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail
where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the
problem is.
<!--l. 2514--><p class="indent" > Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug
option by using the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">KPATHSEA_DEBUG </span>environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as
described in the above list.
<!--l. 2519--><p class="indent" > (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic
purposes you can temporarily <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log</span>).
<!--l. 2523--><p class="indent" > Let us consider, as an example, a small <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> source file, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.tex</span>, which contains the
following input.
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11">
<a
id="x1-61002r1"></a>    \documentclass{article}
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-61004r2"></a>    \begin{document}
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-61006r3"></a>    Hello World!
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-61008r4"></a>    \end{document}
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 2530--><p class="nopar" >This little file only uses the font <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>, so let us look at how <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>prepares the PostScript file (we
want to use the Type 1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms</span>).
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2534--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-d4100</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-o</span></span>
</div>
</div> In this case we have combined <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>’s debug class 4 (font paths) with Kpathsea’s path element
expansion (see <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>Reference Manual, <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html" >texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html</a>). The output (slightly
rearranged) appears in Figure <a
href="#x1-61031r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:dvipsdbga --></a>.
<!--l. 2542--><p class="indent" > <a
id="x1-61031r1"></a><a
id="x1-61036r2"></a><a
id="x1-61049r3"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float"
><table class="float"><tr class="float"><td class="float"
>
<div class="BVerbatimInput">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-9">debug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texmf.cnf,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=1,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=ls-R,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=1,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(ls-R)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =>/usr/local/texmf/ls-R</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=aliases,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=1,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(aliases)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/aliases</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=config.ps,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.ps)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=/root/.dvipsrc,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=config.cms,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.cms)</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">=>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span>
</div>
<table class="caption"
><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="caption"><td class="id">Figure 1: </td><td
class="content">Finding configuration files</td></tr></table><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-61031r1 -->
<div class="BVerbatimInput">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texc.pro,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must\_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find\_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
</div>
<table class="caption"
><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="caption"><td class="id">Figure 2: </td><td
class="content">Finding the prolog file</td></tr></table><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-61036r2 -->
<div class="BVerbatimInput">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must\_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find\_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texps.pro,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must\_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find\_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"><texps.pro></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must\_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find\_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"><cmr10.pfb>[1]</span>
</div>
<table class="caption"
><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;" class="caption"><td class="id">Figure 3: </td><td
class="content">Finding the font file</td></tr></table><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-61049r3 -->
</td></tr></table></div><hr class="endfloat" />
<!--l. 2558--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>starts by locating its working files. First, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>is found, which gives the definitions of the
search paths for the other files, then the file database <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>(to optimize file searching) and the file
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases</span>, which makes it possible to declare several names (e.g., a short DOS-like 8.3 and a more natural
longer version) for the same file. Then <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>goes on to find the generic configuration file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>
before looking for the customization file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.dvipsrc </span>(which, in this case is <span
class="ec-lmri-10">not found</span>). Finally, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>locates
the config file for the Computer Modern PostScript fonts <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.cms </span>(this was initiated
with the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms </span>option on the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>command). This file contains the list of the map files
which define the relation between the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, PostScript and file system names of the fonts.
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2572--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="underline"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">more</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +ams.map</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +cms.map</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +cmbkm.map</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +amsbkm.map</span>
</div>
</div> <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic map file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map</span>, which is always loaded
(it contains declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of Section <a
href="#x1-600008.2.3">8.2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: SExamplesofuse --></a> for more
details about PostScript map file handling).
<!--l. 2585--><p class="indent" > At this point <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>identifies itself to the user: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2586--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> is</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> dvips(k)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 5.92b</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Copyright</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 2002</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Radical</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Eye</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Software</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> (www.radicaleye.com)</span>
</div>
</div> Then it goes on to look for the prolog file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texc.pro</span>: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2591--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texc.pro,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2602--><p class="indent" > After having found the file in question, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>outputs date and time, and informs us that it will
generate the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.ps</span>, then that it needs the font file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>, and that the latter is declared
as “resident” (no bitmaps needed): <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2607--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> output</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> 1998.02.26:1204’</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> -></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> hello-world.ps</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">Defining</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> font</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ()</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> cmr10</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> at</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> 10.0pt</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">Font</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> cmr10</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> <CMR10></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> is</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> resident.</span>
</div>
</div> Now the search is on for the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.tfm</span>, which is found, then a few more prolog files (not shown) are
referenced, and finally the Type 1 instance <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.pfb </span>of the font is located and included in the output
file (see last line). <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2616--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texps.pro,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"><texps.pro></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"><cmr10.pfb>[1]</span>
</div>
</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.3 </span> <a
id="x1-620008.3"></a>Runtime options</h4>
<!--l. 2633--><p class="noindent" >Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters
(in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>read by Kpathsea. The memory
settings can be found in Part 3 of that file in the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live distribution. The more important
are:
<!--l. 2639--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2640--><p class="noindent" >Total words of memory available, for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new
format file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a “huge” version of
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and call the format file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hugetex.fmt</span>. Using the standard way of specifying the program
name used by Kpathsea, the particular value of the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory </span>variable will then be read
from <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">extra_mem_bot</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2648--><p class="noindent" >Extra space for “large” <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful
if you use PI C<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">font_mem_size</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2652--><p class="noindent" >Number of words for font information available for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>. This is more or less the total size
of all TFM files read.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2655--><p class="noindent" >Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Approximately 10,000 control
sequences can be stored in the main hash table; if you have a large book with numerous
cross-references, this might not be enough. The default value of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra </span>is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">50000</span>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 2663--><p class="noindent" >Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these
are extremely difficult to implement in the present <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> source, these runtime parameters provide a
practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
<!--l. 2771--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9 </span> <a
id="x1-630009"></a>Acknowledgements</h3>
<!--l. 2773--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> user groups. This edition of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live was
overseen by Sebastian Rahtz and Karl Berry. The other principal contributors are listed
below.
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">The English, German, Dutch, and Polish <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> user groups (TUG, DANTE e.V., NTG,
and GUST, respectively), which together provide the necessary technical and administrative
infrastructure. Please join your local user group!
</li>
<li class="itemize">The CTAN team, which distributes the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live images and provides the common
infrastructure for package updates, upon which <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live depends.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Peter Breitenlohner and the e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> team for the stable foundation of future <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> package <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live would certainly not
exist, and whose continual help makes it a better product.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Eitan Gurari, whose <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht was used to create the HTML version of this documentation,
and who worked tirelessly to improve it at short notice.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Hans Hagen, for major testing and making the Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t format conform to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live’s
needs.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Hàn Thê´ Thành, Martin Schröder, and the pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> team for continuing enhancements of
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s abilities.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Taco Hoekwater, for renewed development efforts on MetaPost and <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> itself.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Paweł Jackowski, for the Windows installer <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpm</span>, and Tomasz Łuczak, for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Akira Kakuto, for great assistance in incorporating the Windows binaries from his W32TEX
distribution (<span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/kakuto/win32-ptex/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/kakuto/win32-ptex/</span></a></span>).
</li>
<li class="itemize">Jonathan Kew and his employer SIL, for the major new development of Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and taking
the time and trouble to integrate it in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Reinhard Kotucha, for helping with the massive task of updating packages in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, as
well as Windows research efforts, the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">getnonfreefonts </span>script, and more.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Petr Olsak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak material very carefully.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Toshio Oshima, for his <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviout </span>previewer for Windows.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Fabrice Popineau, for the original Windows support in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Norbert Preining, for helping with the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live infrastructure and package updates, and
coordinating the Debian version of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live (together with Frank Küster), making many
suggestions for improvement along the way.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, and coordinator of the many
major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows installation, and more.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Olaf Weber, for his patient assembly and maintenance of Web2C, upon which all else
depends.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the Mac OS X support, and much integration
and testing.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Graham Williams, on whose work the catalogue of packages depends.
</li></ul>
<!--l. 2851--><p class="indent" > Builders of the binaries: Tigran Aivazian (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-linux</span>), Akira Kakuto and Fabrice Popineau (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">win32</span>),
Manfred Lotz (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-freebsd</span>), Norbert Preining (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">alpha-linux</span>), Vladimir Volovich (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-aix</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-linux</span>,
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris</span>), Staszek Wawrykiewicz (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-linux</span>), Olaf Weber (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>), Gerben Wierda (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-darwin</span>,
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-darwin</span>).
<!--l. 2862--><p class="indent" > Documentation and translation updates: Karl Berry (English), Daniel Flipo & Fabrice Popineau
(French), Günter Partosch & Hartmut Henkel (German), Petr Sojka & Jan Busa (Czech/Slovak), Boris
Veytsman (Russian), Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish).
<!--l. 2870--><p class="indent" > Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>,
and then for giving it to the world.
<!--l. 2874--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10 </span> <a
id="x1-6400010"></a>Release history</h3>
<!--l. 2877--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1 </span> <a
id="x1-6500010.1"></a>Past</h4>
<!--l. 2879--><p class="noindent" >Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Users Group was starting work on its 4All<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> CD
for MS-DOS users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, CD for all systems. This was
too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn not only the very successful 4All<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
CD, but also the TUG Technical Council working group on a <span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmri-10">Directory Structure </span>(<span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a></span>), which specified how to create consistent and manageable collections of
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> support files. A complete draft of the TDS was published in the December 1995 issue
of <span
class="ec-lmro-10">TUGboat</span>, and it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
model structure on CD. The distribution you now have is a very direct result of the working
group’s deliberations. It was also clear that the success of the 4All<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> CD showed that Unix
users would benefit from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live.
<!--l. 2895--><p class="indent" > We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified
Thomas Esser’s te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of
1996. The first edition was released in May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new
release of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had added in te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and
we decided to base the 2nd edition of the CD on the standard Web2C, with the addition of te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig </span>script. The 3rd edition of the CD was based on a major revision of Web2C, 7.2, by Olaf
Weber; at the same time, a new revision of te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> was being made, and <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live included
almost all of its features. The 4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of
te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and a new release of Web2C (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows
setup.
<!--l. 2911--><p class="indent" > For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds
of packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 5 was that all
non-free software was removed. Everything in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live is now intended to be compatible with the
Debian Free Software Guidelines (<span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.debian.org/intro/free</span></a></span>); we have done our best to
check the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much appreciate hearing of any
mistakes.
<!--l. 2920--><p class="indent" > The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install
concept: the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were
completely reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an
appropriate <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">language.dat</span>.
<!--l. 2926--><p class="indent" > The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of
updates to all sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, to correct the drift apart in versions 5 and 6.
<!--l. 2931--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.1 </span> <a
id="x1-6600010.1.1"></a>2003</h5>
<!--l. 2933--><p class="noindent" >In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live had grown so large
it could no longer be contained on a single CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
section <a
href="#x1-70002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-70002.1">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:multiple-dist --></a>). In addition:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">At the request of the <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> team, we changed the standard <span
class="ec-lmss-10">latex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex </span>commands
to now use e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (see p. <a
href="#x1-100002.4">9<!--tex4ht:ref: text:etex --></a>).
</li>
<li class="itemize">The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
</li>
<li class="itemize">Support for Alpha OSF was removed (HPUX support was removed previously), since no one
had (or volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time an integrated environment based
on XEmacs was introduced.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Important supplementary programs for Windows (Perl, Ghostscript, ImageMagick, Ispell)
are now installed in the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation directory.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Font map files used by <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex </span>are now generated by the new program
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>and installed into <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/fonts/map</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont, and MetaPost now, by default, output most input characters (32 and above)
as themselves in output (e.g., <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\write</span></span></span>) files, log files, and the terminal, i.e., <span
class="ec-lmri-10">not </span>translated
using the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> notation. In <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 7, this translation was dependent on the system locale
settings; now, locale settings do not influence the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> programs’ behavior. If for some reason
you need the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> output, rename the file <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx</span></span></span>. (Future releases will
have cleaner ways to control this.)
</li>
<li class="itemize">This documentation was substantially revised.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy, the version is now simply identified
by the year: <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2003.</li></ul>
<!--l. 2971--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.2 </span> <a
id="x1-6700010.1.2"></a>2004</h5>
<!--l. 2973--><p class="noindent" >2004 saw many changes:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>or (much less likely) <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>support
files, you may need to move those support files.
<!--l. 2981--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>files are now searched for in subdirectories of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/map </span>only (in each <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>tree),
along the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXFONTMAPS </span>path. Similarly, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>files are now searched for in subdirectories of
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/enc </span>only, along the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ENCFONTS </span>path. <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>will attempt to warn about problematic
files.
<!--l. 2988--><p class="noindent" >For methods of handling this and other information, please see <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html</span></a></span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The <span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10"> Collection</span> has been expanded with the addition of a MiK<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-based installable
CD, for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C. See section <a
href="#x1-60002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:struct-tl --></a> (p. <a
href="#x1-60002">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:struct-tl --></a>).
</li>
<li class="itemize">Within <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, the single large <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>tree of previous releases has been replaced by three:
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc</span>. See section <a
href="#x1-80002.2">2.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a> (p. <a
href="#x1-80002.2">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>), and the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">README </span>files for each.
</li>
<li class="itemize">All <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related input files are now collected in the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>subdirectory of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf* </span>trees,
rather than having separate sibling directories <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">etex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfetex</span>, etc. See
<a
href="../../../../texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Extensions" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Extensions</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located in a new <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">scripts</span>
directory of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf* </span>trees, and searched for via <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> -format=texmfscripts</span></span></span>.
So if you have programs which call such scripts, they’ll need to be adjusted. See
<a
href="../../../../texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Scripts" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Scripts</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Almost all formats leave most characters printable as themselves via the “translation
file” <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cp227.tcx</span>, instead of translating them with the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> notation. Specifically, characters
at positions 32–256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are considered printable and
not translated. The exceptions are plain <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (only 32–126 printable), Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t (0–255
printable), and the Omega-related formats. This default behavior is almost the same as in
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2003, but it’s implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities for customization.
See <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files</span></a>. (By the way, with Unicode input, <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> may
output partial character sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex </span>is now the default engine for all formats except (plain) <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>itself. (Of course
it generates DVI when run as <span
class="ec-lmss-10">latex</span>, etc.) This means, among other things, that the
microtypographic features of <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex </span>are available in <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t, etc., as well as the
e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> features (<a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/</a>).
<!--l. 3035--><p class="noindent" >It also means it’s <span
class="ec-lmri-10">more important than ever </span>to use the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf </span>package (works with both plain
and <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>) or equivalent code, because simply testing whether <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>or some other
primitive is defined is not a reliable way to determine if PDF output is being generated. We
made this backward compatible as best we could this year, but next year, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>may
be defined even when DVI is being written.
</li>
<li class="itemize">pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.org</span></a></span>) has many new features:
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapfile </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapline </span>provide font map support from within a document.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.
<br class="newline" /><span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html</span></a></span>
</li>
<li class="itemize">All parameters previously set through the special configuration file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg </span>must
now be set through primitives, typically in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.tex</span>; <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg </span>is no
longer supported. Any extant <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt </span>files must be redumped when <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.tex</span>
is changed.
</li>
<li class="itemize">See the pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> manual for more: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/pdftex/manual" >texmf/doc/pdftex/manual</a>.
</li></ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize">The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\input </span>primitive in <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>(and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mf </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span>) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and
other special characters. Typical examples:
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12">
<a
id="x1-67002r1"></a>  \input "filename with spaces"   % plain
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-67004r2"></a>  \input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 3069--><p class="nopar" >See the Web2C manual for more: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c" >texmf/doc/web2c</a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">enc<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> support is now included within Web2C and consequently all <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> programs, via the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-enc</span>
option — <span
class="ec-lmri-10">only when formats are built</span>. enc<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> supports general re-encoding of input and output,
enabling full support of Unicode (in UTF-8). See <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/</a> and <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</span></a></span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Aleph, a new engine combining e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and Omega, is available. A little information is available in
<a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a> and <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph</span></a></span>.
The <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-based format for Aleph is named <span
class="ec-lmss-10">lamed</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The latest <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> release has a new version of the LPPL — now officially a Debian-approved
license. Assorted other updates, see the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ltnews </span>files in <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/latex/base" >texmf-dist/doc/latex/base</a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipng</span>, a new program for converting DVI to PNG image files, is included. See
<a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1" >texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1</a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">We reduced the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">cbgreek </span>package to a “medium” sized set of fonts, with the assent and advice of the
author (Claudio Beccari). The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones, which
are relatively rarely used, and we needed the space. The full set is of course available from CTAN (<span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb</span></a></span>).
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">oxdvi </span>has been removed; just use <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ini </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">vir </span>commands (links) for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mpost </span>are no longer created, such as <span
class="ec-lmss-10">initex</span>. The
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">ini </span>functionality has been available through the command-line option <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-ini </span>for years
now.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-openbsd </span>platform support was removed. Since the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tetex </span>package in the BSD Ports system is
available, and GNU/Linux and FreeBSD binaries were available, it seemed volunteer time could be
better spent elsewhere.
</li>
<li class="itemize">On <span
class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris </span>(at least), you may have to set the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">LD_LIBRARY_PATH </span>environment
variable to run the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">t1utils </span>programs. This is because they are compiled with C++, and
there is no standard location for the runtime libraries. (This is not new in 2004, but
wasn’t previously documented.) Similarly, on <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>, the MIPSpro 7.4 runtimes are
required.
</li></ul>
<!--l. 3120--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.3 </span> <a
id="x1-6800010.1.3"></a>2005</h5>
<!--l. 3122--><p class="noindent" >2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed
relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably there were some changes there as well:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">New scripts <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap-sys</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil-sys </span>were introduced, which modify the
configuration in the system trees. The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>scripts now modify
user-specific files, under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.texlive2005</span>. See section <a
href="#x1-180004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-180004.1">27<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texconfig --></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Corresponding new variables <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>to specify the trees where
configuration files (user or system, respectively) are found. Thus, you may need to move
personal versions of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>to these places; another option is to
redefine <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. In any case the real location of
these files and the values of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>must agree. See section <a
href="#x1-90002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>,
p. <a
href="#x1-90002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Last year, we kept <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput</span></span></span> and other primitives undefined for DVI output, even though
the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex </span>program was being used. This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility
measure. So if your document uses <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined</span></span></span> to test if PDF is being
output, it will need to be changed. You can use the package <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf.sty </span>(which works under
both plain <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>) to do this, or steal its logic.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as themselves (see previous
section). The new TCX file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">empty.tcx </span>now provides an easier way to get the original <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> notation if
you so desire, as in:
<table
class="verbatim"><tr class="verbatim"><td
class="verbatim"><div class="verbatim">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13">
<a
id="x1-68002r1"></a>  latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
</div>
</div>
</td></tr></table>
<!--l. 3160--><p class="nopar" >
</li>
<li class="itemize">The new program <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>is included for translation of DVI to PDF; this is an actively
maintained update of <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>(which is also still available for now, though no longer
recommended).
</li>
<li class="itemize">The new programs <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfopen </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfclose </span>are included to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe
Acrobat Reader without restarting the program. (Other pdf readers, notably <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">gv</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">gsview</span>,
have never suffered from this problem.)
</li>
<li class="itemize">For consistency, the variables <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">HOMETEXMF </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">VARTEXMF </span>have been renamed to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>and
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>, respectively. There is also <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, which is by default user-specific. See the first
point above.
</li></ul>
<!--l. 3182--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2 </span> <a
id="x1-6900010.2"></a>Present</h4>
<!--l. 3185--><p class="noindent" >In 2006–2007, the major new addition to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live was the Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> program, available as the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>and
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex </span>programs; see <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</span></a></span>.
<!--l. 3189--><p class="indent" > MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (<span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/metapost/articles" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/metapost/articles</span></a></span>), likewise pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</span></a></span>)
<!--l. 3193--><p class="indent" > The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt </span>(high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont are now
stored in subdirectories of <span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="texmf/web2c" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c</span></a></span>, instead of in the directory itself (although the
directory is still searched, for the sake of existing <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt</span>’s). The subdirectories are named for the
‘engine’ in use, such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span>. This change should be invisible in normal
use.
<!--l. 3201--><p class="indent" > The (plain) <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>program no longer reads <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%& </span>first lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure
Knuthian <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>. (<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> and everything else do still read <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%& </span>lines).
<!--l. 3205--><p class="indent" > The installation scripts now accept various environment variables to allow for non-interactive
installation; see section <a
href="#x1-150003.2.1">3.2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:noninteractive-install --></a>.
<!--l. 3209--><p class="indent" > Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As
usual, please check CTAN (<span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://www.ctan.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org</span></a></span>) for updates.
<!--l. 3213--><p class="indent" > Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the
tree, as linked from our home page. Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will
provide a stable development foundation for future years.
<!--l. 3218--><p class="indent" > Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/tetex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tetex</span></a></span>). As a result, there was been a surge of interest in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, especially among
GNU/Linux distributors. (There is a new <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tetex </span>installation scheme in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, which provides
an approximate equivalent.) We hope this will eventually translate to improvements in the
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> environment for everyone.
<!--l. 3227--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.3 </span> <a
id="x1-7000010.3"></a>Future</h4>
<!--l. 3229--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmri-10">Live is not perfect! </span>(And never will be.) We intend to continue to release new versions, and would
like to provide more help material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an
ever-improved and checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is all done by hard-pressed volunteers in
their limited spare time, and a great deal remains to be done. If you can help, don’t hesitate to put your
name forward!
<!--l. 3237--><p class="indent" > Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
<div class="quote">
<!--l. 3239--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a>
<br class="newline" /><span class="obeylines-h"><a
href="http://tug.org/texlive" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive</span></a></span></div>
<!--l. 3244--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmro-10">Happy </span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmro-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmro-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">ing!</span>
<div class="footnotes"><!--l. 1330--><p class="indent" > <span class="footnote-mark"><a
href="#fn1x0-bk" id="fn1x0"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><span
class="ec-lmr-8">Not free, that is, in the sense of freedom to modify and redistribute, following free software guidelines. This does</span>
<span
class="ec-lmr-8">not mean you can’t acquire them for no money.</span> </div>
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