summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/tex/latex/apacite/apacite.sty
blob: 8a0cb810d613e6d61963a17d4c76364e6b53abba (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% This is file `apacite.sty'.
%
% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
% elsewhere in this file.  All rights reserved.
%
% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
% -------------------------------------------
%
% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in
%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 2003/12/01 or later.
%
% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%
% \fi

%% apacite.sty : citation and reference list according to APA manual
%% Written by Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>
%%
%% Contains code adapted from
%%   index.sty [1995/09/28 v4.1beta Improved index support (dmj)],
%%   hyperref.dtx [6.71, 2000/10/04],
%%   babel.def [2001/03/01, v3.7h],
%%   backref.dtx [1.20, 2002/06/09],
%% and code (used with permission) provided by others:
%%   Ross Moore, Stefan Bj\"ork.

\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1998/06/01] % Should this be a later one?
\ProvidesPackage{apacite}[2005/06/08 APA citation]


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Default. The ``old'' version
%%%   \def\@year@\BCAY#1#2#3{#3}
%%% cannot exist jointly with this, so has to be moved to an option.
\def\@year@\citeauthoryear#1#2#3{#3}

\DeclareOption{BCAY}{% kept for compatibility with previous versions
   \def\@year@\BCAY#1#2#3{#3}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%% Accent fix options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\DeclareOption{accentfix}{%
  %
  % A cedilla accent (\c{c}) in an author name used to lead
  % to errors, only due to the checking whether subsequent authors
  % in the same citation are equivalent. The same problem is
  % anticipated with the \b{...} accent and the \d{...} accent
  % and the \copyright symbol (will the latter turn up in an
  % author name?), due to the same use of \crcr, cf. The TeXbook, p. 356.
  %
  % This fix therefore redefines these to sensible alternatives,
  % only for comparison of authors, not for any real formatting.
  % Therefore, the user should not notice this, apart from the
  % lack of errors, of course. Therefore, it is also a default
  % option. However, because I haven't tested this thoroughly, I give
  % the user the option to turn it off (noaccentfix). The user
  % is then responsible for fixing any error messages generated
  % by such characters.
  %
  \def\b@APAC#1{#1\_}%              bar-under accent
  \def\c@APAC#1{\accent'30 #1}%     cedilla accent
  \def\d@APAC#1{#1.}%               dot-under accent
  \def\copyright@APAC#1{copyright}% copyright symbol
  \def\@pre@accentfix{%
    %
    % store original definitions
    \let\old@b@APAC\b
    \let\old@c@APAC\c
    \let\old@d@APAC\d
    \let\old@copyright@APAC\copyright
    %
    % redefine them
    \let\b\b@APAC
    \let\c\c@APAC
    \let\d\d@APAC
    \let\copyright\copyright@APAC
  }%
  \def\@post@accentfix{%
    %
    % restore original definitions
    \let\b\old@b@APAC
    \let\c\old@c@APAC
    \let\d\old@d@APAC
    \let\copyright\old@copyright@APAC
  }%
}

\DeclareOption{noaccentfix}{%
  %
  % See accentfix above for description.
  %
  \let\@pre@accentfix\relax%
  \let\@post@accentfix\relax%
}
%%% End Accent fix options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%% No Author Index option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% The \if is necessary because packages can not be required here, so
% we must handle the consequences of the index and noindex options
% later.
%
\newif\if@APAC@index
\DeclareOption{noindex}{\@APAC@indexfalse}%
%
%%%%%% End No Author Index option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% Author Index option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\DeclareOption{index}{\@APAC@indextrue}%
%
%%%%%% End Author Index option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% Modifications of Author Index %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% Standard index: from the index package
\DeclareOption{stdindex}{%
  %%
  %% Index style as defined in the index package
  %% [1995/09/28 v4.1beta Improved index support (dmj)],
  %% which is the same code as in (v3.02, 15 September 1993),
  %% i.e., without table of contents entry.
  %%
  \ExecuteOptions{index}%
  \AtEndOfPackage{%
    \@ifclassloaded{article}{%
       \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
           \edef\indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
           \if@twocolumn
               \@restonecolfalse
           \else
               \@restonecoltrue
           \fi
           \columnseprule \z@
           \columnsep 35\p@
           \twocolumn[%
               \section*{\indexname}%
               \ifx\index@prologue\@empty\else
                   \index@prologue
                   \bigskip
               \fi
           ]%
           \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                   {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
           \thispagestyle{plain}%
           \parindent\z@
           \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
           \let\item\@idxitem
       }{%
           \if@restonecol
               \onecolumn
           \else
               \clearpage
           \fi
       }
    }{%
       \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
           \edef\indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
           \if@twocolumn
               \@restonecolfalse
           \else
               \@restonecoltrue
           \fi
           \columnseprule \z@
           \columnsep 35\p@
           \twocolumn[%
               \@makeschapterhead{\indexname}%
               \ifx\index@prologue\@empty\else
                   \index@prologue
                   \bigskip
               \fi
           ]%
           \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                   {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
           \thispagestyle{plain}%
           \parindent\z@
           \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
           \let\item\@idxitem
       }{%
           \if@restonecol
               \onecolumn
           \else
               \clearpage
           \fi
       }%
    }%
  }%
}%
%
\DeclareOption{tocindex}{%
  %%
  %% Index style as with the stdindex option, but with an
  %% added table of contents entry.
  %%
  \ExecuteOptions{index}%
  \AtEndOfPackage{%
    \@ifclassloaded{article}{%
       \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
           \edef\indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
           \if@twocolumn
               \@restonecolfalse
           \else
               \@restonecoltrue
           \fi
           \columnseprule \z@
           \columnsep 35\p@
           \twocolumn[%
               \section*{\indexname}%
               \ifx\index@prologue\@empty\else
                   \index@prologue
                   \bigskip
               \fi
           ]%
           \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                   {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
           %
           % the following line added by EM
           \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\indexname}%
           %
           \thispagestyle{plain}%
           \parindent\z@
           \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
           \let\item\@idxitem
       }{%
           \if@restonecol
               \onecolumn
           \else
               \clearpage
           \fi
       }
    }{%
       \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
           \edef\indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
           \if@twocolumn
               \@restonecolfalse
           \else
               \@restonecoltrue
           \fi
           \columnseprule \z@
           \columnsep 35\p@
           \twocolumn[%
               \@makeschapterhead{\indexname}%
               \ifx\index@prologue\@empty\else
                   \index@prologue
                   \bigskip
               \fi
           ]%
           \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                   {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
           %
           % the following line added by EM
           \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\indexname}%
           %
           \thispagestyle{plain}%
           \parindent\z@
           \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
           \let\item\@idxitem
       }{%
           \if@restonecol
               \onecolumn
           \else
               \clearpage
           \fi
       }%
    }%
  }%
}
%
\DeclareOption{emindex}{%
  %%
  %% My (EM) own favorite index style. Maybe you like it too.
  %%
  \ExecuteOptions{index}%
  \AtEndOfPackage{%
    %%
    %% Redefine theindex such that automatically a chapter or section
    %% title is generated, with a corresponding table of contents
    %% entry. theindex is now in multicol environment.
    %%
    \RequirePackage{multicol}
    \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
        \edef\@indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
        \@ifundefined{chapter}%
          {\section*{\@indexname}%
           \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\@indexname}%
          }%
          {\chapter*{\@indexname}%
           \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\@indexname}%
          }%
        \@mkboth{{\@indexname}}{{\@indexname}}% do we need this?
        \parindent\z@
        \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
        \let\item\@idxitem
        \setlength{\columnsep}{2em}
        \small
        \begin{multicols}{2}
        \raggedright
      }%
      {\end{multicols}\normalsize
      }%
  }%
}%
%%%%%% End Modifications of Author Index %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%% Some options for the bibliography %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newif\if@numberedbib
\DeclareOption{numberedbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is a section or chapter with a number (e.g.,
  % section 6 or chapter 10). I think this does not work (i.e., it is
  % still unnumbered) when the section/chapter is in the backmatter.
  %
  \@numberedbibtrue
}

\DeclareOption{unnumberedbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is a section or chapter without a number (i.e.,
  % a section* or chapter*). This is the default.
  %
  \@numberedbibfalse
}

\DeclareOption{sectionbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is a section. Typically used with the chapterbib
  % package, then each chapter has a bibliography section. The
  % nosectionbib option makes the bibliography a chapter (if chapters
  % are defined). If none of these options are requested, apacite tries
  % to guess the most logical choice. The bibliography is a section if
  % chapters are not defined or if we are in the ``mainmatter'' of a
  % document. Otherwise, it is a chapter.
  %
  \@ifundefined{@sectionbibtrue}{\newif\if@sectionbib}{}%
  %
  \@sectionbibtrue
}

\DeclareOption{nosectionbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is a chapter if chapters are defined
  % (otherwise, it is always a section). See the description
  % of the sectionbib option above for its usage.
  %
  \@ifundefined{@sectionbibfalse}{\newif\if@sectionbib}{}%
  %
  \@sectionbibfalse
}

\newif\if@tocbib
\DeclareOption{tocbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography in the table of contents, even if it's
  % unnumbered. This is the default.
  %
  \@tocbibtrue
}

\DeclareOption{notocbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography not in the table of contents if it's
  % unnumbered. (Will be ignored if it's numbered.)
  %
  \@tocbibfalse
}

\DeclareOption{bibnewpage}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is started on a new page if it's a section.
  % (Will be ignored if it's a chapter.)
  %
  \def\@bibnewpage{\bibnewpage}
}

\DeclareOption{nobibnewpage}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is started on the same page if it's a section.
  % (Will be ignored if it's a chapter.)
  %
  \let\@bibnewpage\relax
}


%%%%%% End options for the bibliography %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% Hyperref compatibility option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% (This does not work completely satisfactory, so
% is only a non-default option.)
%
\newif\if@hyper@APA@comp
\DeclareOption{hyper}{%
  \@hyper@APA@comptrue % hyperref compatibility option is on
}
%%%%%% End Hyperref compatibility option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% No Hyperref compatibility option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% If the hyperref compatibility code is not desired.
%
\DeclareOption{nohyper}{%
  \@hyper@APA@compfalse % hyperref compatibility option is off
}
%%%%%% End No Hyperref compatibility option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%% Execute default options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\ExecuteOptions{accentfix,noindex,nohyper,unnumberedbib,tocbib,%
                nobibnewpage}

%%%%%% Execute user-requested options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\ProcessOptions

%%%%%% Define author indexing stuff when requested
%
\newcommand{\authorindexname}{Author Index}
\if@APAC@index
   %
   % Author index requested.
   % Load \pkg{index} package.
   %
   \RequirePackage{index}[1995/09/28]
   %
   % Define Author Index.
   % This may be changed in the preamble of the
   % document (or in a user-provided package)
   % by a \renewindex command.
   %
   \newindex{autx}{adx}{and}{\authorindexname}
   %
   % Author indexing command
   %
   \def\AX#1{%
     \write\@auxout%
       {\string\@writefile{autx}{%
        \string\indexentry{\string#1}{\thepage}}}%
%        \expandafter\string\expandafter\indexentry{#1}{\thepage}}}%
   }
   %
\else
   %
   % No author index.
   %
   % Wait till \begin{document} for checking whether another
   % package is loaded that defines \printindex.
   %
   \AtBeginDocument{%
     \@ifundefined{printindex}%
       {%% \printindex not defined. Define \printindex so that it
         % suppresses the indexes.
         \def\printindex{\@ifnextchar[{\check@printindex}{%
                                       \check@printindex[]}}%
         %
         \def\check@printindex[#1]{\relax }%
       }%
       {% \printindex defined, so save its definition.
         \let\orig@printindex\printindex
         %
         % Redefine \printindex so that it suppresses the author index
         % but does not change other indexes.
         % 1. If there is no optional argument, use the original
         %    definition.
         \def\printindex{\@ifnextchar[{\check@printindex}{\orig@printindex}}%
         %
         % 2. If there is an optional argument, check whether it is
         %    equal to `autx'. If so, suppress this (author) index.
         %    If not, use the original definition.
         \def\check@printindex[#1]{%
           % Use a clumsy way to check whether #1 = autx
           % but seemingly more elegant ways somehow didn't work.
           \expandafter\def\csname APAC@#1\endcsname{DUMMY}%
           \@ifundefined{APAC@autx}%
             {\orig@printindex[#1]}%
             {\let\APAC@autx\@undefined}%
         }%
       }%
   }%
   %
   % Empty author indexing command
   %
   \def\AX#1{}
   %
\fi


%%%%%% Chapterbib compatibility %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% From the instructions of the chapterbib package.

\@ifundefined{@extra@b@citeb}{\def\@extra@b@citeb{}}{}
\gdef\@extra@binfo{}

%%%%%% End Chapterbib compatibility %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Commands for specific types of @misc entries.
%%% These are recognized by apacite.bst.
\newcommand{\bibmessage}{Msg}
\newcommand{\bibcomputerprogram}{Computer program}
\newcommand{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}{Computer program manual}
\newcommand{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}{Computer program and manual}
\newcommand{\bibcomputersoftware}{Computer software}
\newcommand{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}{Computer software manual}
\newcommand{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}{Computer software and manual}
\newcommand{\bibprogramminglanguage}{Programming language}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% The following commands are recognized by apacite.bst.
%%% They denote that the publication date is unknown,
%%% and that the type should be left empty (for @techreport, where
%%% ``Tech. Rep.'' is the default type if the field is left empty).
\newcommand{\bibnodate}{n.d.{}}
\newcommand{\bibnotype}{}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% cite punctuations %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% text style of authors in-text citation
%      (\cite,   \shortcite,   \fullcite,
%       \citeA,  \shortciteA,  \fullciteA,
%       \citeNP, \shortciteNP, \fullciteNP)
\newcommand{\BAstyle}{}%

% text style of authors in-text citation
%      (\citeauthor, \shortciteauthor, \fullciteauthor)
\newcommand{\BAastyle}{}%

\newcommand{\BBOP}{(}   % open parenthesis
\newcommand{\BBCP}{)}   % closing parenthesis
\newcommand{\BAP}{ }    % after prefix, before first citation
\newcommand{\BBAA}{\&}  % between authors in parentheses and ref. sec.
\newcommand{\BBAB}{and} % between authors in text
\newcommand{\BBAY}{, }  % between author(s) and year
\newcommand{\BBYY}{, }  % between years of multiple citations with same author
\newcommand{\BBC}{; }   % between cites
\newcommand{\BBN}{, }   % before note
\newcommand{\BBOQ}{}    % open quote for article title
\newcommand{\BBCQ}{}    % closing quote for article title
%
\newcommand{\BCBT}{,}   % comma between authors in ref. sec
                        % when no. of authors = 2
\newcommand{\BCBL}{,}   % comma before last author
\newcommand{\BAnd}{\&}  % for ``Ed. \& Trans.'' in ref. list
%
\newcommand{\BBA}{\BBAA}
%
\let\Bem\emph

\newcommand{\APACciteatitle}[1]{``#1''}%  Format as article title in text
\newcommand{\APACcitebtitle}[1]{{\em #1\/}}% Format as book title in text
\newcommand{\APACSortNoop}[1]{} % Can be used to change the sorting order:
                                % When put between a pair of braces at the
                                % front of a field, the entry is sorted on
                                % the argument of this command, but the
                                % argument is never displayed.

% Two commands that are used to trick natbib.
\newcommand{\APACyear}[1]{{#1}}%
\newcommand{\APACexlab}[1]{{#1}}%

%
% For multiple citations with same author-year.
% (Kruskal, 1964a, 1964b)
% The \protect is necessary when natbib is used.
%
\newcounter{BibCnt}
\renewcommand{\theBibCnt}{\alph{BibCnt}}
\newcommand{\BCnt}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}\protect\theBibCnt}
%
% In press, no date.
% The \mbox prevents a line break at the hyphen.
%
\newcommand{\BCntIP}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}\mbox{-\protect\theBibCnt}}
\newcommand{\BCntND}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}\mbox{-\protect\theBibCnt}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Labels, mostly for reference list %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\BOthers}[1]{et al.{}}    % ``others'', the argument contains a
                                      % dot to suppress an additional one
                                      % in the reference list
\newcommand{\BOthersPeriod}[1]{et al.{}}% ``others'', the argument contains a
                                      % dot to suppress an additional one
                                      % in the reference list. The difference
                                      % with \BOthers is that, if another
                                      % string is used to define \BOthers,
                                      % this one should always finish with a
                                      % period and the previous one not
                                      % necessarily (e.g., if explicit
                                      % ``others'' is used).
\newcommand{\BIP}{in press}           % used as year for in-press citations
\newcommand{\BIn}{In}                 % for ``In '' editor...
\newcommand{\BCHAP}{chap.{}}          % chapter
\newcommand{\BCHAPS}{chap.{}}         % chapters
\newcommand{\BED}{Ed.{}}              % editor
\newcommand{\BEDS}{Eds.{}}            % editors
\newcommand{\BTRANS}{Trans.{}}        % translator
\newcommand{\BTRANSS}{Trans.{}}       % translators
\newcommand{\BTRANSL}{trans.{}}       % translation, for the year field
\newcommand{\BCHAIR}{Chair}           % chair of symposium
\newcommand{\BCHAIRS}{Chairs}         % chairs
\newcommand{\BVOL}{Vol.{}}            % volume
\newcommand{\BVOLS}{Vols.{}}          % volumes
\newcommand{\BNUM}{No.{}}             % number
\newcommand{\BNUMS}{Nos.{}}           % numbers
\newcommand{\BEd}{ed.{}}              % edition
\newcommand{\BPG}{p.{}}               % page
\newcommand{\BPGS}{pp.{}}             % pages
\newcommand{\BTR}{Tech.\ Rep.{}}      % (default) technical report type name
\newcommand{\BPhD}{Doctoral dissertation}
                                      % (default) PhD thesis type name
\newcommand{\BUPhD}{Unpublished doctoral dissertation}
                                      % (default) unpublished PhD thesis
                                      % type name
\newcommand{\BMTh}{Master's thesis}   % (default) master's thesis type name
\newcommand{\BUMTh}%
    {Unpublished master's thesis}     % (default) unpublished
                                      % master's thesis type name
\newcommand{\BOWP}{Original work published}
\newcommand{\BREPR}{Reprinted from}

\def\refname{References}% Name of ref. list if it's a section.
\def\bibname{References}% Name of ref. list if it's a chapter.
%
% An optional note just before the references in the reference list.
% Defaults to nothing, but can be changed to a list of commands
% (e.g., if author formatting should be different in the reference
% list) and/or text (e.g., for an explanatory note).
%
\newcommand{\bibliographyprenote}{}

%
% Prenote used just before the references in the reference list
% when a meta-analysis is reported.
%
\newcommand{\APACmetaprenote}{%
  References marked with an asterisk indicate studies
  included in the meta-analysis.}
%
% The star that's put in front of the entries used in the meta-analysis
%
\newcommand{\APACmetastar}{$\star$\ }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  Load language dependent sections from an external file.
%  (Based on code by Stefan Bj\"ork, 2004/12/25.)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\AtBeginDocument{%
    %
    % Both babel and (n)german use \iflanguage to check the main
    % language. They both also use \languagename, but that gives
    % more problems with dialects. E.g., if \languagename = austrian
    % then \iflanguage{german}{Yes}{No} gives Yes. This allows us
    % to provide only .apc files for the language class without
    % complicated code to check whether a certain dialect is used.
    %
    % Check whether \iflanguage is defined. If not, no language support
    % is offered.
    %
  \@ifundefined{iflanguage}%
    {\relax }%
    {%  %
        % Define a modification of \iflanguage that executes the "true"
        % code if the language is defined and equal to the current
        % language and does nothing otherwise. (Just \iflanguage gives
        % an error if the language is not loaded.)
        %
       \def\APAC@iflang#1#2{%
         \expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
         \else
           \ifnum\csname l@#1\endcsname=\language
             {#2}%
           \fi
         \fi
       }%
        % Define language support file. The \def instead of a direct \input
        % is done to provide a mechanism to check whether a language file
        % has been defined. The language files that are shipped with the
        % current release are defined explicitly. If the requested language
        % is not in this list, \languagename.apc is loaded if it exists.
        %
      \APAC@iflang{dutch}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{dutch.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{english}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{english.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{german}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{german.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{ngerman}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{ngerman.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{greek}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{greek.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{swedish}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{swedish.apc}}%
        %
      \@ifundefined{APAC@apcfile}{%
        \def\APAC@apcfile{\languagename.apc}}{\relax}%
        %
        % My teTeX under Cygwin automatically loads babel with
        % default language "nohyphenation", so this language should
        % revert to doing nothing. Strangely enough \iflanguage
        % does not work correctly, so I'll use a trick. (Some trial
        % and error, because babel.dtx states that there must be
        % a '\string ' before the 'nohyphenation', but apparently in
        % this situation it's the other way around.)
        %
      \edef\APAC@tmp{nohyphenation}%
      \ifx\languagename\APAC@tmp
      \else
        \InputIfFileExists{\APAC@apcfile}{}{%
          \PackageWarningNoLine{apacite}{%
            Language definition file \APAC@apcfile\space not found.}}%
      \fi
      \let\APAC@tmp\@undefined
    }%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  Bibliography style parameters.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\bibnewpage{\clearpage}% apa.cls uses \newpage, change with \renewcommand
\let\bibliographytypesize\normalsize
%
%%% declare four parameters
\newskip{\bibleftmargin}
\newskip{\bibindent}
\newskip{\bibparsep}
\newskip{\bibitemsep}
%
%%% and give them default values
\bibleftmargin=2.5em
\bibindent=-\bibleftmargin
\bibparsep=0pt%
\bibitemsep\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax

%
% To force another order (in Part 1, Part 2 cases)
% Actually, this is the same as \SortNoop used in the examples,
% so I do not discuss this in the documentation. It should
% not be considered part of apacite, but I keep it for backwards
% compatibility.
\newcommand{\bibphant}[1]{}

%
% Around 1998, I got error messages with accented characters
% in author names. After some trial and error, I found out that
% this works. However, later it was apparently not necessary anymore
% (tests without it worked well), but I keep it because it's harmless
% and I'm not sure enough.
%
\@ifundefined{accent@spacefactor}{\def\accent@spacefactor{}}{}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% citations %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{%
    \def\BBA{\BBAA}%
    \item[\@biblabel{#1}]%
    \if@filesw{%
        \def\BBA{\string\BBA}%
        \def\protect##1{\string ##1}%
        \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}%
        \def\BBA{\BBAA}%
    }%
    \fi%
    \ignorespaces%
}

% Year is separately handled by \Y@<citation key>
\def\bibcite#1#2{%
  \global\expandafter\def\csname b@#1\@extra@binfo\endcsname{#2}%        names
  \global\expandafter\def\csname Y@#1\@extra@binfo\endcsname{\@year@#2}% year
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                   COMPATIBILITY WITH NATBIB                        %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{natbib}{%
      %
      % Redefine a natbib command. This may be ethically dubious, but
      % without it, natbib simply cannot handle apacite-generated .bbl
      % files. The only reason I can think of why both apacite.sty
      % and natbib would be loaded is exactly the situation when you
      % want to use natbib for the citations and apacite for the reference
      % list. In this situation you would load apacite.sty, not for the
      % citation commands, but for the punctuation commands and labels
      % defined by apacite. In this situation, the redefinition below
      % is necessary and therefore I do this here.
      %
    \def\NAT@parse@date#1#2#3#4#5#6@@{%
        \def\NAT@year{{#1}}\def\NAT@exlab{{#2}}%
    }%
  }{}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                   COMPATIBILITY WITH HYPERREF                      %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Include experimental hyperref-compatibility code provided by Ross Moore,
% if the hyper option is requested.
\if@hyper@APA@comp% hyperref compatibility option is on
  %
  % accommodate both APA and other (e.g. hyperref) patchings of \bibcite
  %
  \def\bibcite@APA@other#1#2{%
    \bibcite@other{#1}{#2}%
      \expandafter\xdef\csname Y@#1\endcsname{\@year@#2}}%
  \let\bibcite@APA\bibcite   % record the APA-only definition of \bibcite
  %
  % check via \AtBeginDocument as to whether \bibcite has been changed;
  % if so, then correct the patching when the .aux file is read.
  %
  \AtBeginDocument{%
    \ifx\bibcite\bibcite@APA\else
     \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\install@other@APA}%
    \fi }%
  %
  \def\install@other@APA{%
    \ifx\bibcite\bibcite@APA\else
     \let\bibcite@other\bibcite
     \let\bibcite\bibcite@APA@other
    \fi \let\install@other@APA\relax }%
  %
  % This command should not be needed; it allows the patch to be
  % forced at an earlier time, if desired.
  %
  \def\installhyperAPA{%
    \@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{\install@other@APA}%
      {\AtBeginDocument{\install@other@APA}}%
  }%
\fi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                   COMPATIBILITY WITH BABEL                         %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% COMMENTS FROM hyperref.dtx:
%%
%%    Package |babel| redefines \cmd{\bibcite} with
%%    macro \cmd{\bbl@cite@choice}. It needs to be overwritten
%%    to avoid the warning ``Label(s) may have changed.''.
%%
%% END COMMENTS
%%
%% Here, I (EM) literally insert the code mentioned above.
%% Are the \begingroup and \endgroup necessary or even useful?
%% The hyperref-compatibility patch above does a similar thing with
%% \bibcite.
%%

\let\Hy@bibcite\bibcite
\begingroup
  \@ifundefined{bbl@cite@choice}{}{%
    \g@addto@macro\bbl@cite@choice{%
      \let\bibcite\Hy@bibcite
    }%
  }%
\endgroup

%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                   COMPATIBILITY WITH BACKREF                       %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% some code from backref.dtx, adapted by EM
%%
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{backref}{%
    \global\let\BRorg@citeapa\@@cite      % EM
    \global\let\@@cite\BR@citeapa         % EM
  }{}%
}
\def\BR@citeapa<#1>[#2]#3{%               % EM
  \BRorg@citeapa<#1>[#2]{#3}%             % EM
  \ifBR@verbose
    \PackageInfo{backref}{back cite \string`#3\string'}% EM
      % Am I allowed to define an info message of another package?
      % It seems strange. But it's also strange to change `backref'
      % into `apacite', because backref does the backreferencing,
      % and the command is merely an adaptation of the corresponding
      % backref command.
  \fi
  \Hy@backout{#3}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


% First citation in multi-citation.
\newif\if@F@cite\@F@citetrue

% Two flags to denote whether only author or year must be cited or both.
\newif\if@A@cite\@A@citefalse
\newif\if@Y@cite\@Y@citefalse


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \cite<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \fullcite<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \shortcite<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces (prefix Authors1, Year1; Authors2, Year2; ..., postfix)
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\cite{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{\BBOP}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{\BBCP}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%     % >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

\def\fullcite{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
    \def\@BBOP{\BBOP}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{\BBCP}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%     % >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

\def\shortcite{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{\BBOP}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{\BBCP}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%     % >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \citeNP<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \fullciteNP<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \shortciteNP<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces prefix Authors1, Year1; Authors2, Year2; ..., postfix
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\citeNP{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%% >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

\def\fullciteNP{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
    \def\@BBOP{}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%% >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

\def\shortciteNP{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%% >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%       second layer of \cite command
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@cite<#1>{%
      %
      % definition of some parameters
      %
    \def\@BAP{\BAP}%   % after precitation [=#1] before first citation
    \def\@BBA{\BBAA}%  % `and' between authors
    \def\@BBAY{\BBAY}% % between author and year
    \def\@BAY{}%       % after year
    \def\@BBY{\BBYY}%  % between years of multiple citations with same author
    \def\@BBC{\BBC}%   % between cites
    \def\@BBN{\BBN}%   % after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
    \def\@BAstyle{\BAstyle}% text style of authors
    \@A@citetrue%       % cite authors
    \@Y@citetrue%       % cite years
    \@ifnextchar[%      % ]
        {\@@cite<#1>}%
        {\@@cite<#1>[]}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \citeA<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \fullciteA<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \shortciteA<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces prefix Authors1 (Year1), ..., AuthorN (YearN, postfix)
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\citeA{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%          %>
        {\@citeA}%
        {\@citeA<>}%
}

\def\fullciteA{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%          %>
        {\@citeA}%
        {\@citeA<>}%
}

\def\shortciteA{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%          %>
        {\@citeA}%
        {\@citeA<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%       second layer of \citeA command
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@citeA<#1>{%
      %
      % definition of some parameters
      %
    \def\@BBOP{}%      % open parenthesis
    \def\@BAP{\BAP}%   % after precitation [=#1] before first citation
    \def\@BBA{\BBAB}%  % `and' between authors
    \def\@BBAY{ \BBOP}%% between author and year
    \def\@BAY{\BBCP}%  % after year
    \def\@BBY{\BBYY}%  % between years of multiple citations with same author
    \def\@BBC{\BBC}%   % between cites
    \def\@BBN{\BBN}%   % after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
    \def\@BBCP{}%      % close parenthesis
    \def\@BAstyle{\BAstyle}% text style of authors
    \@A@citetrue%      % cite authors
    \@Y@citetrue%      % cite years
    \@ifnextchar[%     % ]
        {\@@cite<#1>}%
        {\@@cite<#1>[]}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \citeauthor<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \fullciteauthor<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \shortciteauthor<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces prefix Authors1, ..., AuthorsN, postfix
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\citeauthor{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%    %>
        {\@citeauthor}%
        {\@citeauthor<>}%
}

\def\fullciteauthor{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%    %>
        {\@citeauthor}%
        {\@citeauthor<>}%
}

\def\shortciteauthor{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%    %>
        {\@citeauthor}%
        {\@citeauthor<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%       second layer of \citeauthor command
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@citeauthor<#1>{%
      %
      % definition of some parameters
      %
    \def\@BBOP{}%      % open parenthesis
    \def\@BAP{\BAP}%   % after precitation [=#1] before first citation
    \def\@BBA{\BBAB}%  % `and' between authors
    \def\@BBAY{}%      % between author and year
    \def\@BAY{}%       % after year
    \def\@BBY{}%       % between years of multiple citations with same author
    \def\@BBC{\BBC}%   % between cites
    \def\@BBN{\BBN}%   % after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
    \def\@BBCP{}%      % close parenthesis
    \def\@BAstyle{\BAastyle}% text style of authors
    \@A@citetrue%      % cite authors
    \@Y@citefalse%     % do not cite years
    \@ifnextchar[%     % ]
        {\@@cite<#1>}%
        {\@@cite<#1>[]}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \citeyear<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces (prefix Year1, ..., YearN, postfix)
%
% \citeyearNP<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces prefix Year1, ..., YearN, postfix
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\citeyear{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{\BBOP}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{\BBCP}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%     % >
        {\@citeyear}%
        {\@citeyear<>}%
}

\def\citeyearNP{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{}%   % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{}%   % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%  % >
        {\@citeyear}%
        {\@citeyear<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%       second layer of \citeyear command
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@citeyear<#1>{%
      %
      % definition of some parameters
      %
    \def\@BAP{\BAP}%   % after precitation [=#1] before first citation
    \def\@BBA{}%       % `and' between authors
    \def\@BBAY{}%      % between author and year
    \def\@BAY{}%       % after year
    \def\@BBY{\BBYY}%  % between years of multiple citations with same author
    \def\@BBC{\BBC}%   % between cites
    \def\@BBN{\BBN}%   % after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
    \def\@BAstyle{}%   % text style of authors
    \@A@citefalse%     % do not cite authors
    \@Y@citetrue%      % cite years
    \@ifnextchar[%     % ]
        {\@@cite<#1>}%
        {\@@cite<#1>[]}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% The core citation routines
%% The following commands must have been defined:
%%    \@BBOP        open parenthesis
%%    \@BAP         after precitation [=#1] before first citation
%%    \@BBA         `and' between authors
%%    \@BBAY        between author and year
%%    \@BAY         after year
%%    \@BBY         between years of multiple citations with same author
%%    \@BBC         between cites
%%    \@BBN         after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
%%    \@BBCP        close parenthesis
%%    \@BAstyle     formatting style of authors (e. g., \scshape)
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%% Code to be executed if current author(s) equal previous
\def\@ifauthorsequalc@de{%
  \if@F@cite%
     \@F@citefalse%
  \else%
     \if@Y@cite%
        {\@BBY}%
     \fi%
  \fi%
  \if@Y@cite%
     {\csname Y@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
  \fi%
}

%%% Code to be executed if current author(s) do not equal previous
\def\@ifauthorsunequalc@de{%
  \if@F@cite%
     \@F@citefalse%
  \else%
     \if@Y@cite%
        {\@BAY}%
     \fi%
     {\@BBC}%
  \fi%
  \edef\@cite@undefined{?}%
  \def\BBA{\@BBA}%
  \if@A@cite%
     {\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
     \if@Y@cite%
        {\@BBAY}%
     \fi%
  \fi%
  \if@Y@cite%
     {\csname Y@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
  \fi%
  \let\BBA\relax%
}

\def\@@cite<#1>[#2]#3{%
      %
      % write citation(s) to .aux file
      %
    \if@filesw{%
        \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#3}}%
    }%
    \fi%
      %
      % the previous cite, for multiple citations with same author
      %
    \edef\@citeP{}%
      %
      % open parenthesis and precitation
      %
    {\@BBOP}%
    \ifx\@empty#1%
    \else%
      {\ignorespaces #1\@BAP}%
    \fi%
      %
      % loop over citation entries
      %
    \@for\@citeb:=#3\do{%
          %
          % check whether citation is defined
          %
        \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
          {\expandafter\def\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname{?}%
           \expandafter\def\csname Y@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname{?}%
           \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
          }%%
            % if citation is defined:
            % check whether flag is set that identifies that
            % this is not the first citation to the work
            % if flag is not set, it will be set to DUMMY
            % if this is the first citation to the work,
            % the full citation is used; else the short version
            % is used
            %
          {\@ifundefined{flag@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
             {\global\expandafter
              \def\csname flag@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname{DUMMY}%
              \def\BCA##1##2{{\@BAstyle ##1}}%
             }%
             {\def\BCA##1##2{{\@BAstyle ##2}}%
             }%
          }%
           % Check whether current author(s) is (are) equivalent
           % to previous. If so, only year is cited in text
           % and a \@BBY (probably comma and space) is inserted between
           % the two years.
           %
           % Code differs depending on whether hyperref-compatibility
           % option is loaded.
        \if@hyper@APA@comp
           % hyperref-compatibility option on
           % (code provided by Ross Moore)
             \expandafter\def\expandafter\B@my@dummy
                   \expandafter{\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
             \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
             \ifx\expandafter\@citeP\B@my@dummy\relax%
                 \@ifauthorsequalc@de
             \else%
                 \@ifauthorsunequalc@de
             \fi%
                % define previous citation-author as current
                %
             \expandafter\def\expandafter\@citeP
                \expandafter{\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
           %
        \else%
           % else: hyperref-compatibility option off
           % (code dating from theapa.sty)
             \@pre@accentfix%  fix problems with cedilla-type accents
             \edef\B@my@dummy{\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
             \@post@accentfix% return to old definitions
             \ifx\@citeP\B@my@dummy%
                 \@ifauthorsequalc@de
             \else%
                 \@ifauthorsunequalc@de
             \fi%
                % define previous citation-author as current
                %
             \@pre@accentfix%  fix problems with cedilla-type accents
             \edef\@citeP{\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
             \@post@accentfix% return to old definitions
           %
        \fi
        \let\BCA\relax%
    }%%
      % end loop over citation entries
      % add note [=#2] and closing parenthesis
      %
    \ifx\@empty#2%
    \else%
      {\@BBN #2}%
    \fi%
    \if@Y@cite%
       {\@BAY}%
    \fi%
    {\@BBCP}%
      %
      % define first citation true for next \@@cite
      %
    \@F@citetrue %
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \nocite{key} : entry in reference list, not in text
%
% This is a little different from \@@cite with
%  \@A@citefalse and \@Y@citefalse
% because of the `*' variant (cite all entries in bibfile)
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\nocite#1{%
    \@bsphack%
    \if@filesw{%
        \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}}%
    \fi%
    \@for\@citeb:=#1\do{%
        \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
          {\edef\B@my@dummy{*}%
           \ifx\@citeb\B@my@dummy%
           \else%
             \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
           \fi%
          }%
          {}% Removed flag-setting: a no-cite is not a cite,
            % so a subsequent cite may be the first cite.
    }%
    \@esphack%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \nocitemeta{key} : entry in reference list, not in text,
%                    for entries that are used in a meta-analysis.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\nocitemeta#1{%
    \@bsphack%
    \if@filesw{%
        \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}}%
    \fi%
      %
    \global\def\APAC@metaprenote{\APACmetaprenote}%
    \@for\@citeb:=#1\do{%
        \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
          {\edef\B@my@dummy{*}%
           \ifx\@citeb\B@my@dummy%
           \else%
             \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
           \fi%
          }%
          { % Define meta-analysis flag for current item
            %
           \@ifundefined{flagmeta@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
             {\global\expandafter
              \def\csname flagmeta@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname{DUMMY}%
             }%
             {}%
          }%
    }%
    \@esphack%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \APACinsertmetastar{key}: insert an asterisk before the names in the
%     reference list for entries that are used in a meta-analysis.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\APACinsertmetastar#1{%
    \@bsphack%
    \@for\@citeb:=#1\do{%
       \@ifundefined{flagmeta@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
         {}% skip
         {{\APACmetastar}}%
      }%
    \@esphack%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% No labels in the bibliography.
%
\def\@biblabel#1{}

%
\def\st@rtbibsection{%
  \@bibnewpage%           start a new page if desired
  \if@numberedbib%
    \section{\refname}%   e.g.,   6. References
  \else%
    \section*{\refname}%  e.g.,   References
    \if@tocbib%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}%
    \fi%
    \@ifundefined{chapter}
      {\@mkboth{{\refname}}{{\refname}}}% do we need this? yep. why?
      {\markright{{\refname}}}% do we need this? yep. why?
    %
  \fi%
}%
%
\def\st@rtbibchapter{%
  % here no \@bibnewpage, because it is assumed that
  % the \chapter starts a new page
  \if@numberedbib%
    \chapter{\bibname}%   e.g.,   6. References
  \else%
    \chapter*{\bibname}%   e.g.,   References
    \if@tocbib%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname}%
    \fi%
    \@mkboth{{\bibname}}{{\bibname}}% do we need this? yep. why?
    %
  \fi%
}%
%
%
\def\thebibliography#1{%
    %
    % Start the bibliography section or chapter
    %
  \@ifundefined{chapter}%
    {\st@rtbibsection}%
% else: chapter is defined
    {\@ifundefined{@sectionbibtrue}%     we have to guess
       {\@ifundefined{@mainmatterfalse}% check if mainmatter exists
          {\st@rtbibchapter}%
%       else: mainmatter is defined
          {\if@mainmatter%
             \st@rtbibsection% typically, a chapter-specific bibliogr.
           \else%
             \st@rtbibchapter% a bibliography at the end
           \fi%
          }%
       }%
       {% an explicit option has been chosen
        %
        \if@sectionbib%
          \st@rtbibsection% bibliography is a section
        \else%
          \st@rtbibchapter% bibliography is a chapter
        \fi%
       }%
    }%
    %
  \bibliographytypesize% e.g., to put the bibliography in \small type
  \bibliographyprenote%  some explanatory note before the references
  \@ifundefined{APAC@metaprenote}
    {}% skip
    {\APAC@metaprenote}
    %
  \list{\relax}{\labelsep=0em%
%                 \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \parsep=\bibparsep%
                \itemsep=\bibitemsep%
                \leftmargin=\bibleftmargin%
                \itemindent=\bibindent}% changed to cope with 4th ed.
   \def\newblock{\unskip\ \hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}%
   \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
   \sfcode`\.=1000\relax
}
\def\endthebibliography{\endlist\normalsize}
%
% natbib redefines \thebibliography, which interferes a little
% with our purposes. Therefore, add some patches.
%
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{natbib}{%
     \let\@oldbibpreamble\bibpreamble
     \def\bibpreamble{% This goes wrong if \bibpreamble is redefined
                      % later on, i.e., by the user, but I haven't thought
                      % of a better hack yet.
        \@oldbibpreamble%
        \bibliographytypesize%
        \bibliographyprenote%
        \@ifundefined{APAC@metaprenote}
          {}% skip
          {\APAC@metaprenote}%
     }%
     \let\@old@endthebibliography\endthebibliography
     \def\endthebibliography{\@old@endthebibliography%
                             \normalsize}
  }%
  {}%
}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% EOF apacite.sty
%