summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/tex/context/base/mkiv/font-osd.lua
blob: 04fbf88f5714e7b271c900411f8ef0b9c15c4c9c (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
if not modules then modules = { } end modules ['font-osd'] = { -- script devanagari
    version   = 1.001,
    comment   = "companion to font-ini.mkiv",
    author    = "Kai Eigner, TAT Zetwerk / Hans Hagen, PRAGMA ADE",
    copyright = "TAT Zetwerk / PRAGMA ADE / ConTeXt Development Team",
    license   = "see context related readme files"
}

-- A few remarks:
--
-- This code is a partial rewrite of the code that deals with devanagari. The data and logic
-- is by Kai Eigner and based based on Microsoft's OpenType specifications for specific
-- scripts, but with a few improvements. More information can be found at:
--
-- deva: http://www.microsoft.com/typography/OpenType%20Dev/devanagari/introO.mspx
-- dev2: http://www.microsoft.com/typography/OpenType%20Dev/devanagari/intro.mspx
--
-- Rajeesh Nambiar provided patches for the malayalam variant. Thanks to feedback from
-- the mailing list some aspects could be improved.
--
-- As I touched nearly all code, reshuffled it, optimized a lot, etc. etc. (imagine how
-- much can get messed up in over a week work) it could be that I introduced bugs. There
-- is more to gain (esp in the functions applied to a range) but I'll do that when
-- everything works as expected. Kai's original code is kept in font-odk.lua as a reference
-- so blame me (HH) for bugs. (We no longer ship that file as the code below has diverted
-- too much and in the meantime has more than doubled in size.)
--
-- Interesting is that Kai managed to write this on top of the existing otf handler. Only a
-- few extensions were needed, like a few more analyzing states and dealing with changed
-- head nodes in the core scanner as that only happens here. There's a lot going on here
-- and it's only because I touched nearly all code that I got a bit of a picture of what
-- happens. For in-depth knowledge one needs to consult Kai.
--
-- The rewrite mostly deals with efficiency, both in terms of speed and code. We also made
-- sure that it suits generic use as well as use in ConTeXt. I removed some buglets but can
-- as well have messed up the logic by doing this. For this we keep the original around
-- as that serves as reference. Due to the lots of reshuffling glyphs quite some leaks
-- occur(red) but once I'm satisfied with the rewrite I'll weed them. I also integrated
-- initialization etc into the regular mechanisms.
--
-- In the meantime, we're down from 25.5-3.5=22 seconds to 17.7-3.5=14.2 seconds for a 100
-- page sample (mid 2012) with both variants so it's worth the effort. Some more speedup is
-- to be expected. Due to the method chosen it will never be real fast. If I ever become a
-- power user I'll have a go at some further speed up. I will rename some functions (and
-- features) once we don't need to check the original code. We now use a special subset
-- sequence for use inside the analyzer (after all we could can store this in the dataset
-- and save redundant analysis).
--
-- I might go for an array approach with respect to attributes (and reshuffling). Easier.
--
-- Some data will move to char-def.lua (some day).
--
-- By now we have yet another incremental improved version. In the end I might rewrite the
-- code.

-- Hans Hagen, PRAGMA-ADE, Hasselt NL
--
-- We could have c_nukta, c_halant, c_ra is we know that they are never used mixed within
-- one script .. yes or no?
--
-- Matras: according to Microsoft typography specifications "up to one of each type:
-- pre-, above-, below- or post- base", but that does not seem to be right. It could
-- become an option.

local insert, imerge, copy = table.insert, table.imerge, table.copy
local next, type = next, type

local report_devanagari  = logs.reporter("otf","devanagari")

fonts                    = fonts                   or { }
fonts.analyzers          = fonts.analyzers         or { }
fonts.analyzers.methods  = fonts.analyzers.methods or { node = { otf = { } } }

local otf                = fonts.handlers.otf

local handlers           = otf.handlers
local methods            = fonts.analyzers.methods

local otffeatures        = fonts.constructors.features.otf
local registerotffeature = otffeatures.register

local nuts               = nodes.nuts
local tonode             = nuts.tonode
local tonut              = nuts.tonut

local getnext            = nuts.getnext
local getprev            = nuts.getprev
local getboth            = nuts.getboth
local getid              = nuts.getid
local getchar            = nuts.getchar
local getfont            = nuts.getfont
local getsubtype         = nuts.getsubtype
local setlink            = nuts.setlink
local setnext            = nuts.setnext
local setprev            = nuts.setprev
local setchar            = nuts.setchar
local getprop            = nuts.getprop
local setprop            = nuts.setprop

local ischar             = nuts.is_char

local insert_node_after  = nuts.insert_after
local copy_node          = nuts.copy
local remove_node        = nuts.remove
local flush_list         = nuts.flush_list
local flush_node         = nuts.flush_node

local copyinjection      = nodes.injections.copy -- KE: is this necessary? HH: probably not as positioning comes later and we rawget/set

local unsetvalue         = attributes.unsetvalue

local fontdata           = fonts.hashes.identifiers

local a_state            = attributes.private('state')
local a_syllabe          = attributes.private('syllabe')

local dotted_circle      = 0x25CC

local states             = fonts.analyzers.states -- not features

local s_rphf             = states.rphf
local s_half             = states.half
local s_pref             = states.pref
local s_blwf             = states.blwf
local s_pstf             = states.pstf

local replace_all_nbsp   = nil

replace_all_nbsp = function(head) -- delayed definition
    replace_all_nbsp = typesetters and typesetters.characters and typesetters.characters.replacenbspaces or function(head)
        return head
    end
    return replace_all_nbsp(head)
end

local xprocesscharacters = nil

if context then
    xprocesscharacters = function(head,font)
        xprocesscharacters = nodes.handlers.characters
        return xprocesscharacters(head,font)
    end
else
    xprocesscharacters = function(head,font)
        xprocesscharacters = nodes.handlers.nodepass -- generic
        return xprocesscharacters(head,font)
    end
end

local function processcharacters(head,font)
    return tonut(xprocesscharacters(tonode(head))) -- can be more efficient in context, just direct call
end

-- local fontprocesses = fonts.hashes.processes
--
-- function processcharacters(head,font)
--     local processors = fontprocesses[font]
--     for i=1,#processors do
--         head = processors[i](head,font,0)
--     end
--     return head, true
-- end

-- In due time there will be entries here for scripts like Bengali, Gujarati,
-- Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu. Feel free to provide the
-- code points.

-- We can assume that script are not mixed in the source but if that is the case
-- we might need to have consonants etc per script and initialize a local table
-- pointing to the right one.

-- new, to be checked:
--
-- U+00978 : DEVANAGARI LETTER MARWARI DDA
-- U+00980 : BENGALI ANJI
-- U+00C00 : TELUGU SIGN COMBINING CANDRABINDU ABOVE
-- U+00C34 : TELUGU LETTER LLLA
-- U+00C81 : KANNADA SIGN CANDRABINDU
-- U+00D01 : MALAYALAM SIGN CANDRABINDU
-- U+00DE6 : SINHALA LITH DIGIT ZERO
-- U+00DE7 : SINHALA LITH DIGIT ONE
-- U+00DE8 : SINHALA LITH DIGIT TWO
-- U+00DE9 : SINHALA LITH DIGIT THREE
-- U+00DEA : SINHALA LITH DIGIT FOUR
-- U+00DEB : SINHALA LITH DIGIT FIVE
-- U+00DEC : SINHALA LITH DIGIT SIX
-- U+00DED : SINHALA LITH DIGIT SEVEN
-- U+00DEE : SINHALA LITH DIGIT EIGHT
-- U+00DEF : SINHALA LITH DIGIT NINE

local consonant = {
    -- devanagari
    [0x0915] = true, [0x0916] = true, [0x0917] = true, [0x0918] = true,
    [0x0919] = true, [0x091A] = true, [0x091B] = true, [0x091C] = true,
    [0x091D] = true, [0x091E] = true, [0x091F] = true, [0x0920] = true,
    [0x0921] = true, [0x0922] = true, [0x0923] = true, [0x0924] = true,
    [0x0925] = true, [0x0926] = true, [0x0927] = true, [0x0928] = true,
    [0x0929] = true, [0x092A] = true, [0x092B] = true, [0x092C] = true,
    [0x092D] = true, [0x092E] = true, [0x092F] = true, [0x0930] = true,
    [0x0931] = true, [0x0932] = true, [0x0933] = true, [0x0934] = true,
    [0x0935] = true, [0x0936] = true, [0x0937] = true, [0x0938] = true,
    [0x0939] = true, [0x0958] = true, [0x0959] = true, [0x095A] = true,
    [0x095B] = true, [0x095C] = true, [0x095D] = true, [0x095E] = true,
    [0x095F] = true, [0x0979] = true, [0x097A] = true,
    -- kannada
    [0x0C95] = true, [0x0C96] = true, [0x0C97] = true, [0x0C98] = true,
    [0x0C99] = true, [0x0C9A] = true, [0x0C9B] = true, [0x0C9C] = true,
    [0x0C9D] = true, [0x0C9E] = true, [0x0C9F] = true, [0x0CA0] = true,
    [0x0CA1] = true, [0x0CA2] = true, [0x0CA3] = true, [0x0CA4] = true,
    [0x0CA5] = true, [0x0CA6] = true, [0x0CA7] = true, [0x0CA8] = true,
    [0x0CA9] = true, [0x0CAA] = true, [0x0CAB] = true, [0x0CAC] = true,
    [0x0CAD] = true, [0x0CAE] = true, [0x0CAF] = true, [0x0CB0] = true,
    [0x0CB1] = true, [0x0CB2] = true, [0x0CB3] = true, [0x0CB4] = true,
    [0x0CB5] = true, [0x0CB6] = true, [0x0CB7] = true, [0x0CB8] = true,
    [0x0CB9] = true,
    [0x0CDE] = true, -- obsolete
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D15] = true, [0x0D16] = true, [0x0D17] = true, [0x0D18] = true,
    [0x0D19] = true, [0x0D1A] = true, [0x0D1B] = true, [0x0D1C] = true,
    [0x0D1D] = true, [0x0D1E] = true, [0x0D1F] = true, [0x0D20] = true,
    [0x0D21] = true, [0x0D22] = true, [0x0D23] = true, [0x0D24] = true,
    [0x0D25] = true, [0x0D26] = true, [0x0D27] = true, [0x0D28] = true,
    [0x0D29] = true, [0x0D2A] = true, [0x0D2B] = true, [0x0D2C] = true,
    [0x0D2D] = true, [0x0D2E] = true, [0x0D2F] = true, [0x0D30] = true,
    [0x0D31] = true, [0x0D32] = true, [0x0D33] = true, [0x0D34] = true,
    [0x0D35] = true, [0x0D36] = true, [0x0D37] = true, [0x0D38] = true,
    [0x0D39] = true, [0x0D3A] = true,
}

local independent_vowel = {
    -- devanagari
    [0x0904] = true, [0x0905] = true, [0x0906] = true, [0x0907] = true,
    [0x0908] = true, [0x0909] = true, [0x090A] = true, [0x090B] = true,
    [0x090C] = true, [0x090D] = true, [0x090E] = true, [0x090F] = true,
    [0x0910] = true, [0x0911] = true, [0x0912] = true, [0x0913] = true,
    [0x0914] = true, [0x0960] = true, [0x0961] = true, [0x0972] = true,
    [0x0973] = true, [0x0974] = true, [0x0975] = true, [0x0976] = true,
    [0x0977] = true,
    -- kannada
    [0x0C85] = true, [0x0C86] = true, [0x0C87] = true, [0x0C88] = true,
    [0x0C89] = true, [0x0C8A] = true, [0x0C8B] = true, [0x0C8C] = true,
    [0x0C8D] = true, [0x0C8E] = true, [0x0C8F] = true, [0x0C90] = true,
    [0x0C91] = true, [0x0C92] = true, [0x0C93] = true, [0x0C94] = true,
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D05] = true, [0x0D06] = true, [0x0D07] = true, [0x0D08] = true,
    [0x0D09] = true, [0x0D0A] = true, [0x0D0B] = true, [0x0D0C] = true,
    [0x0D0E] = true, [0x0D0F] = true, [0x0D10] = true, [0x0D12] = true,
    [0x0D13] = true, [0x0D14] = true,
}

local dependent_vowel = { -- matra
    -- devanagari
    [0x093A] = true, [0x093B] = true, [0x093E] = true, [0x093F] = true,
    [0x0940] = true, [0x0941] = true, [0x0942] = true, [0x0943] = true,
    [0x0944] = true, [0x0945] = true, [0x0946] = true, [0x0947] = true,
    [0x0948] = true, [0x0949] = true, [0x094A] = true, [0x094B] = true,
    [0x094C] = true, [0x094E] = true, [0x094F] = true, [0x0955] = true,
    [0x0956] = true, [0x0957] = true, [0x0962] = true, [0x0963] = true,
    -- kannada
    [0x0CBE] = true, [0x0CBF] = true, [0x0CC0] = true, [0x0CC1] = true,
    [0x0CC2] = true, [0x0CC3] = true, [0x0CC4] = true, [0x0CC5] = true,
    [0x0CC6] = true, [0x0CC7] = true, [0x0CC8] = true, [0x0CC9] = true,
    [0x0CCA] = true, [0x0CCB] = true, [0x0CCC] = true,
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D3E] = true, [0x0D3F] = true, [0x0D40] = true, [0x0D41] = true,
    [0x0D42] = true, [0x0D43] = true, [0x0D44] = true, [0x0D46] = true,
    [0x0D47] = true, [0x0D48] = true, [0x0D4A] = true, [0x0D4B] = true,
    [0x0D4C] = true, [0x0D57] = true,
}

local vowel_modifier = {
    -- devanagari
    [0x0900] = true, [0x0901] = true, [0x0902] = true, [0x0903] = true,
    -- A8E0 - A8F1 are cantillation marks for the Samaveda and may not belong here.
    [0xA8E0] = true, [0xA8E1] = true, [0xA8E2] = true, [0xA8E3] = true,
    [0xA8E4] = true, [0xA8E5] = true, [0xA8E6] = true, [0xA8E7] = true,
    [0xA8E8] = true, [0xA8E9] = true, [0xA8EA] = true, [0xA8EB] = true,
    [0xA8EC] = true, [0xA8ED] = true, [0xA8EE] = true, [0xA8EF] = true,
    [0xA8F0] = true, [0xA8F1] = true,
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D02] = true, [0x0D03] = true,
}

local stress_tone_mark = {
    [0x0951] = true, [0x0952] = true, [0x0953] = true, [0x0954] = true,
    -- kannada
    [0x0CCD] = true,
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D4D] = true,
}

local nukta = {
    -- devanagari
    [0x093C] = true,
    -- kannada:
    [0x0CBC] = true,
}

local halant = {
    -- devanagari
    [0x094D] = true,
    -- kannada
    [0x0CCD] = true,
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D4D] = true,
}

local ra = {
    -- devanagari
    [0x0930] = true,
    -- kannada
    [0x0CB0] = true,
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D30] = true,
}

local c_anudatta = 0x0952 -- used to be tables
local c_nbsp     = 0x00A0 -- used to be tables
local c_zwnj     = 0x200C -- used to be tables
local c_zwj      = 0x200D -- used to be tables

local zw_char = { -- could also be inlined
    [0x200C] = true,
    [0x200D] = true,
}

-- 0C82 anusvara
-- 0C83 visarga
-- 0CBD avagraha
-- 0CD5 length mark
-- 0CD6 ai length mark
-- 0CE0 letter ll
-- 0CE1 letter rr
-- 0CE2 vowel sign l
-- 0CE2 vowel sign ll
-- 0CF1 sign
-- 0CF2 sign
-- OCE6 - OCEF digits

local pre_mark = {
    [0x093F] = true, [0x094E] = true,
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D46] = true, [0x0D47] = true, [0x0D48] = true,
}

local above_mark = {
    [0x0900] = true, [0x0901] = true, [0x0902] = true, [0x093A] = true,
    [0x0945] = true, [0x0946] = true, [0x0947] = true, [0x0948] = true,
    [0x0951] = true, [0x0953] = true, [0x0954] = true, [0x0955] = true,
    [0xA8E0] = true, [0xA8E1] = true, [0xA8E2] = true, [0xA8E3] = true,
    [0xA8E4] = true, [0xA8E5] = true, [0xA8E6] = true, [0xA8E7] = true,
    [0xA8E8] = true, [0xA8E9] = true, [0xA8EA] = true, [0xA8EB] = true,
    [0xA8EC] = true, [0xA8ED] = true, [0xA8EE] = true, [0xA8EF] = true,
    [0xA8F0] = true, [0xA8F1] = true,
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D4E] = true,
}

local below_mark = {
    [0x093C] = true, [0x0941] = true, [0x0942] = true, [0x0943] = true,
    [0x0944] = true, [0x094D] = true, [0x0952] = true, [0x0956] = true,
    [0x0957] = true, [0x0962] = true, [0x0963] = true,
}

local post_mark = {
    [0x0903] = true, [0x093B] = true, [0x093E] = true, [0x0940] = true,
    [0x0949] = true, [0x094A] = true, [0x094B] = true, [0x094C] = true,
    [0x094F] = true,
}

local twopart_mark = {
    -- malayalam
    [0x0D4A] = { 0x0D46, 0x0D3E, },	-- ൊ
    [0x0D4B] = { 0x0D47, 0x0D3E, },	-- ോ
    [0x0D4C] = { 0x0D46, 0x0D57, },	-- ൌ
}

local mark_four = { } -- As we access these frequently an extra hash is used.

for k, v in next, pre_mark   do mark_four[k] = pre_mark   end
for k, v in next, above_mark do mark_four[k] = above_mark end
for k, v in next, below_mark do mark_four[k] = below_mark end
for k, v in next, post_mark  do mark_four[k] = post_mark  end

local mark_above_below_post = { }

for k, v in next, above_mark do mark_above_below_post[k] = above_mark end
for k, v in next, below_mark do mark_above_below_post[k] = below_mark end
for k, v in next, post_mark  do mark_above_below_post[k] = post_mark  end

-- Again, this table can be extended for other scripts than devanagari. Actually,
-- for ConTeXt this kind of data is kept elsewhere so eventually we might move
-- tables to someplace else.

local reorder_class = {
    -- devanagari
    [0x0930] = "before postscript",
    [0x093F] = "before half",
    [0x0940] = "after subscript",
    [0x0941] = "after subscript",
    [0x0942] = "after subscript",
    [0x0943] = "after subscript",
    [0x0944] = "after subscript",
    [0x0945] = "after subscript",
    [0x0946] = "after subscript",
    [0x0947] = "after subscript",
    [0x0948] = "after subscript",
    [0x0949] = "after subscript",
    [0x094A] = "after subscript",
    [0x094B] = "after subscript",
    [0x094C] = "after subscript",
    [0x0962] = "after subscript",
    [0x0963] = "after subscript",
    [0x093E] = "after subscript",
    -- kannada:
    [0x0CB0] = "after postscript", -- todo in code below
    [0x0CBF] = "before subscript", -- todo in code below
    [0x0CC6] = "before subscript", -- todo in code below
    [0x0CCC] = "before subscript", -- todo in code below
    [0x0CBE] = "before subscript", -- todo in code below
    [0x0CE2] = "before subscript", -- todo in code below
    [0x0CE3] = "before subscript", -- todo in code below
    [0x0CC1] = "before subscript", -- todo in code below
    [0x0CC2] = "before subscript", -- todo in code below
    [0x0CC3] = "after subscript",
    [0x0CC4] = "after subscript",
    [0x0CD5] = "after subscript",
    [0x0CD6] = "after subscript",
    -- malayalam
}

-- We use some pseudo features as we need to manipulate the nodelist based
-- on information in the font as well as already applied features.

local dflt_true = {
    dflt = true
}

local dev2_defaults = {
    dev2 = dflt_true,
}

local deva_defaults = {
    dev2 = dflt_true,
    deva = dflt_true,
}

local false_flags = { false, false, false, false }

local both_joiners_true = {
    [0x200C] = true,
    [0x200D] = true,
}

local sequence_reorder_matras = {
    features  = { dv01 = dev2_defaults },
    flags     = false_flags,
    name      = "dv01_reorder_matras",
    order     = { "dv01" },
    type      = "devanagari_reorder_matras",
    nofsteps  = 1,
    steps     = {
        {
            coverage = pre_mark,
        }
    }
}

local sequence_reorder_reph = {
    features  = { dv02 = dev2_defaults },
    flags     = false_flags,
    name      = "dv02_reorder_reph",
    order     = { "dv02" },
    type      = "devanagari_reorder_reph",
    nofsteps  = 1,
    steps     = {
        {
            coverage = { },
        }
    }
}

local sequence_reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants = {
    features  = { dv03 = dev2_defaults },
    flags     = false_flags,
    name      = "dv03_reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants",
    order     = { "dv03" },
    type      = "devanagari_reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants",
    nofsteps  = 1,
    steps     = {
        {
            coverage = { },
        }
    }
}

local sequence_remove_joiners = {
    features  = { dv04 = deva_defaults },
    flags     = false_flags,
    name      = "dv04_remove_joiners",
    order     = { "dv04" },
    type      = "devanagari_remove_joiners",
    nofsteps  = 1,
    steps     = {
        {
           coverage = both_joiners_true,
        },
    }
}

-- Looping over feature twice as efficient as looping over basic forms (some
-- 350 checks instead of 750 for one font). This is something to keep an eye on
-- as it might depends on the font. Not that it's a bottleneck.

local basic_shaping_forms =  {
    nukt = true,
    akhn = true,
    rphf = true,
    pref = true,
    rkrf = true,
    blwf = true,
    half = true,
    pstf = true,
    vatu = true,
    cjct = true,
}

local valid = {
    akhn = true, -- malayalam
    rphf = true,
    pref = true,
    half = true,
    blwf = true,
    pstf = true,
    pres = true, -- malayalam
    blws = true, -- malayalam
    psts = true, -- malayalam
}

local function initializedevanagi(tfmdata)
    local script, language = otf.scriptandlanguage(tfmdata,attr) -- todo: take fast variant
    if script == "deva" or script == "dev2" or script =="mlym" or script == "mlm2" then
        local resources  = tfmdata.resources
        local devanagari = resources.devanagari
        if not devanagari then
            --
            report_devanagari("adding devanagari features to font")
            --
            local gsubfeatures   = resources.features.gsub
            local sequences      = resources.sequences
            local sharedfeatures = tfmdata.shared.features
            --
            local lastmatch      = 0
            for s=1,#sequences do -- classify chars
                local features = sequences[s].features
                if features then
                    for k, v in next, features do
                        if basic_shaping_forms[k] then
                            lastmatch = s
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
            local insertindex = lastmatch + 1
            --
            gsubfeatures["dv01"] = dev2_defaults -- reorder matras
            gsubfeatures["dv02"] = dev2_defaults -- reorder reph
            gsubfeatures["dv03"] = dev2_defaults -- reorder pre base reordering consonants
            gsubfeatures["dv04"] = deva_defaults -- remove joiners
            --
            local reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants = copy(sequence_reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants)
            local reorder_reph                           = copy(sequence_reorder_reph)
            local reorder_matras                         = copy(sequence_reorder_matras)
            local remove_joiners                         = copy(sequence_remove_joiners)
            --
            insert(sequences,insertindex,reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants)
            insert(sequences,insertindex,reorder_reph)
            insert(sequences,insertindex,reorder_matras)
            insert(sequences,insertindex,remove_joiners)
            --
            local blwfcache  = { }
            local seqsubset  = { }
            local rephstep   = {
                coverage = { } -- will be adapted each work
            }
            local devanagari = {
                reph        = false,
                vattu       = false,
                blwfcache   = blwfcache,
                seqsubset   = seqsubset,
                reorderreph = rephstep,

            }
            --
            reorder_reph.steps = { rephstep }
            --
            local pre_base_reordering_consonants = { }
            reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants.steps[1].coverage = pre_base_reordering_consonants
            --
            resources.devanagari = devanagari
            --
            for s=1,#sequences do
                local sequence = sequences[s]
                local steps    = sequence.steps
                local nofsteps = sequence.nofsteps
                local features = sequence.features
                local has_rphf = features.rphf
                local has_blwf = features.blwf
                if has_rphf and has_rphf.deva then
                    devanagari.reph = true
                elseif has_blwf and has_blwf.deva then
                    devanagari.vattu = true
                    for i=1,nofsteps do
                        local step     = steps[i]
                        local coverage = step.coverage
                        if coverage then
                            for k, v in next, coverage do
                                if not blwfcache[k] then
                                    blwfcache[k] = v
                                end
                            end
                        end
                    end
                end
                for kind, spec in next, features do -- beware, this is
                    if spec.dev2 and valid[kind] then
                        for i=1,nofsteps do
                            local step     = steps[i]
                            local coverage = step.coverage
                            if coverage then
                                local reph = false
                                if kind == "rphf" then
                                    -- rphf acts on consonant + halant
                                    for k, v in next, ra do
                                        local r = coverage[k]
                                        if r then
                                            local h = false
                                            for k, v in next, halant do
                                                local h = r[k]
                                                if h then
                                                    reph = h.ligature or false
                                                    break
                                                end
                                            end
                                            if reph then
                                                break
                                            end
                                        end
                                    end
                                end
                                seqsubset[#seqsubset+1] = { kind, coverage, reph }
                            end
                        end
                    end
                    if kind == "pref" then
                        local steps    = sequence.steps
                        local nofsteps = sequence.nofsteps
                        for i=1,nofsteps do
                            local step     = steps[i]
                            local coverage = step.coverage
                            if coverage then
                                for k, v in next, halant do
                                    local h = coverage[k]
                                    if h then
                                        local found = false
                                        for k, v in next, h do
                                            found = v and v.ligature
                                            if found then
                                                pre_base_reordering_consonants[k] = found
                                                break
                                            end
                                        end
                                        if found then
                                            break
                                        end
                                    end
                                end
                            end
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
            --
            if script == "deva" then
                sharedfeatures["dv04"] = true -- dv04_remove_joiners
            elseif script == "dev2" then
                sharedfeatures["dv01"] = true -- dv01_reorder_matras
                sharedfeatures["dv02"] = true -- dv02_reorder_reph
                sharedfeatures["dv03"] = true -- dv03_reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants
                sharedfeatures["dv04"] = true -- dv04_remove_joiners
            elseif script == "mlym" then
                sharedfeatures["pstf"] = true
            elseif script == "mlm2" then
                sharedfeatures["pstf"] = true
                sharedfeatures["pref"] = true
                sharedfeatures["dv03"] = true -- dv03_reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants
                gsubfeatures  ["dv03"] = dev2_defaults -- reorder pre base reordering consonants
                insert(sequences,insertindex,sequence_reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants)
            end
        end
    end
end

registerotffeature {
    name         = "devanagari",
    description  = "inject additional features",
    default      = true,
    initializers = {
        node     = initializedevanagi,
    },
}

-- hm, this is applied to one character:

local function deva_initialize(font,attr) -- we need a proper hook into the dataset initializer

    local tfmdata        = fontdata[font]
    local datasets       = otf.dataset(tfmdata,font,attr) -- don't we know this one?
    local devanagaridata = datasets.devanagari

    if not devanagaridata then

        devanagaridata      = {
            reph      = false,
            vattu     = false,
            blwfcache = { },
        }
        datasets.devanagari = devanagaridata
        local resources     = tfmdata.resources
        local devanagari    = resources.devanagari

        for s=1,#datasets do
            local dataset = datasets[s]
            if dataset and dataset[1] then -- value
                local kind = dataset[4]
                if kind == "rphf" then
                    -- deva
                    devanagaridata.reph = true
                elseif kind == "blwf" then
                    -- deva
                    devanagaridata.vattu = true
                    -- dev2
                    devanagaridata.blwfcache = devanagari.blwfcache
                end
            end
        end

    end

    return devanagaridata.reph, devanagaridata.vattu, devanagaridata.blwfcache

end

local function deva_reorder(head,start,stop,font,attr,nbspaces)

    local reph, vattu, blwfcache = deva_initialize(font,attr) -- todo: a hash[font]

    local current   = start
    local n         = getnext(start)
    local base      = nil
    local firstcons = nil
    local lastcons  = nil
    local basefound = false

    if reph and ra[getchar(start)] and halant[getchar(n)] then
        -- if syllable starts with Ra + H and script has 'Reph' then exclude Reph
        -- from candidates for base consonants
        if n == stop then
            return head, stop, nbspaces
        end
        if getchar(getnext(n)) == c_zwj then
            current = start
        else
            current = getnext(n)
            setprop(start,a_state,s_rphf)
        end
    end

    if getchar(current) == c_nbsp then
        -- Stand Alone cluster
        if current == stop then
            stop = getprev(stop)
            head = remove_node(head,current)
            flush_node(current)
            return head, stop, nbspaces
        else
            nbspaces  = nbspaces + 1
            base      = current
            firstcons = current
            lastcons  = current
            current   = getnext(current)
            if current ~= stop then
                if nukta[getchar(current)] then
                    current = getnext(current)
                end
                if getchar(current) == c_zwj then
                    if current ~= stop then
                        local next = getnext(current)
                        if next ~= stop and halant[getchar(next)] then
                            current = next
                            next = getnext(current)
                            local tmp = next and getnext(next) or nil -- needs checking
                            local changestop = next == stop
                            local tempcurrent = copy_node(next)
							copyinjection(tempcurrent,next)
                            local nextcurrent = copy_node(current)
							copyinjection(nextcurrent,current) -- KE: necessary? HH: probably not as positioning comes later and we rawget/set
                            setlink(tempcurrent,nextcurrent)
                            setprop(tempcurrent,a_state,s_blwf)
                            tempcurrent = processcharacters(tempcurrent,font)
                            setprop(tempcurrent,a_state,unsetvalue)
                            if getchar(next) == getchar(tempcurrent) then
                                flush_list(tempcurrent)
                                local n = copy_node(current)
								copyinjection(n,current) -- KE: necessary? HH: probably not as positioning comes later and we rawget/set
                                setchar(current,dotted_circle)
                                head = insert_node_after(head, current, n)
                            else
                                setchar(current,getchar(tempcurrent)) -- we assumes that the result of blwf consists of one node
                                local freenode = getnext(current)
                                setlink(current,tmp)
                                flush_node(freenode)
                                flush_list(tempcurrent)
                                if changestop then
                                    stop = current
                                end
                            end
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end

    while not basefound do
        -- find base consonant
        local char = getchar(current)
        if consonant[char] then
            setprop(current,a_state,s_half)
            if not firstcons then
                firstcons = current
            end
            lastcons = current
            if not base then
                base = current
            elseif blwfcache[char] then
                -- consonant has below-base (or post-base) form
                setprop(current,a_state,s_blwf)
            else
                base = current
            end
        end
        basefound = current == stop
        current = getnext(current)
    end

    if base ~= lastcons then
        -- if base consonant is not last one then move halant from base consonant to last one
        local np = base
        local n  = getnext(base)
        local ch = getchar(n)
        if nukta[ch] then
            np = n
            n  = getnext(n)
            ch = getchar(n)
        end
        if halant[ch] then
            if lastcons ~= stop then
                local ln = getnext(lastcons)
                if nukta[getchar(ln)] then
                    lastcons = ln
                end
            end
         -- local np = getprev(n)
            local nn = getnext(n)
            local ln = getnext(lastcons) -- what if lastcons is nn ?
            setlink(np,nn)
            setnext(lastcons,n)
            if ln then
                setprev(ln,n)
            end
            setnext(n,ln)
            setprev(n,lastcons)
            if lastcons == stop then
                stop = n
            end
        end
    end

    n = getnext(start)
    if n ~= stop and ra[getchar(start)] and halant[getchar(n)] and not zw_char[getchar(getnext(n))] then
        -- if syllable starts with Ra + H then move this combination so that it follows either:
        -- the post-base 'matra' (if any) or the base consonant
        local matra = base
        if base ~= stop then
            local next = getnext(base)
            if dependent_vowel[getchar(next)] then
                matra = next
            end
        end
        -- [sp][start][n][nn] [matra|base][?]
        -- [matra|base][start]  [n][?] [sp][nn]
        local sp = getprev(start)
        local nn = getnext(n)
        local mn = getnext(matra)
        setlink(sp,nn)
        setlink(matra,start)
        setlink(n,mn)
        if head == start then
            head = nn
        end
        start = nn
        if matra == stop then
            stop = n
        end
    end

    local current = start
    while current ~= stop do
        local next = getnext(current)
        if next ~= stop and halant[getchar(next)] and getchar(getnext(next)) == c_zwnj then
            setprop(current,a_state,unsetvalue)
        end
        current = next
    end

    if base ~= stop and getprop(base,a_state) then
        local next = getnext(base)
        if halant[getchar(next)] and not (next ~= stop and getchar(getnext(next)) == c_zwj) then
            setprop(base,a_state,unsetvalue)
        end
    end

    -- ToDo: split two- or three-part matras into their parts. Then, move the left 'matra' part to the beginning of the syllable.
    -- Not necessary for Devanagari. However it is necessay for other scripts, such as Tamil (e.g. TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O - 0BCA)

    -- classify consonants and 'matra' parts as pre-base, above-base (Reph), below-base or post-base, and group elements of the syllable (consonants and 'matras') according to this classification

    local current, allreordered, moved = start, false, { [base] = true }
    local a, b, p, bn = base, base, base, getnext(base)
    if base ~= stop and nukta[getchar(bn)] then
        a, b, p = bn, bn, bn
    end
    while not allreordered do
        -- current is always consonant
        local c = current
        local n = getnext(current)
        local l = nil -- used ?
        if c ~= stop then
            local ch = getchar(n)
            if nukta[ch] then
                c  = n
                n  = getnext(n)
                ch = getchar(n)
            end
            if c ~= stop then
                if halant[ch] then
                    c  = n
                    n  = getnext(n)
                    ch = getchar(n)
                end
                while c ~= stop and dependent_vowel[ch] do
                    c  = n
                    n  = getnext(n)
                    ch = getchar(n)
                end
                if c ~= stop then
                    if vowel_modifier[ch] then
                        c  = n
                        n  = getnext(n)
                        ch = getchar(n)
                    end
                    if c ~= stop and stress_tone_mark[ch] then
                        c = n
                        n = getnext(n)
                    end
                end
            end
        end
        local bp = getprev(firstcons)
        local cn = getnext(current)
        local last = getnext(c)
        while cn ~= last do
            -- move pre-base matras...
            if pre_mark[getchar(cn)] then
                if bp then
                    setnext(bp,cn)
                end
                local prev, next = getboth(cn)
                if next then
                    setprev(next,prev)
                end
                setnext(prev,next)
                if cn == stop then
                    stop = prev
                end
                setprev(cn,bp)
                setlink(cn,firstcons)
                if firstcons == start then
                    if head == start then
                        head = cn
                    end
                    start = cn
                end
                break
            end
            cn = getnext(cn)
        end
        allreordered = c == stop
        current = getnext(c)
    end

    if reph or vattu then
        local current, cns = start, nil
        while current ~= stop do
            local c = current
            local n = getnext(current)
            if ra[getchar(current)] and halant[getchar(n)] then
                c = n
                n = getnext(n)
                local b, bn = base, base
                while bn ~= stop  do
                    local next = getnext(bn)
                    if dependent_vowel[getchar(next)] then
                        b = next
                    end
                    bn = next
                end
                if getprop(current,a_state) == s_rphf then
                    -- position Reph (Ra + H) after post-base 'matra' (if any) since these
                    -- become marks on the 'matra', not on the base glyph
                    if b ~= current then
                        if current == start then
                            if head == start then
                                head = n
                            end
                            start = n
                        end
                        if b == stop then
                            stop = c
                        end
                        local prev = getprev(current)
                        setlink(prev,n)
                        local next = getnext(b)
                        setlink(c,next)
                        setlink(b,current)
                    end
                elseif cns and getnext(cns) ~= current then -- todo: optimize next
                    -- position below-base Ra (vattu) following the consonants on which it is placed (either the base consonant or one of the pre-base consonants)
                    local cp   = getprev(current)
                    local cnsn = getnext(cns)
                    setlink(cp,n)
                    setlink(cns,current)
                    setlink(c,cnsn)
                    if c == stop then
                        stop = cp
                        break
                    end
                    current = getprev(n)
                end
            else
                local char = getchar(current)
                if consonant[char] then
                    cns = current
                    local next = getnext(cns)
                    if halant[getchar(next)] then
                        cns = next
                    end
                elseif char == c_nbsp then
                    nbspaces   = nbspaces + 1
                    cns        = current
                    local next = getnext(cns)
                    if halant[getchar(next)] then
                        cns = next
                    end
                end
            end
            current = getnext(current)
        end
    end

    if getchar(base) == c_nbsp then
        nbspaces = nbspaces - 1
        head = remove_node(head,base)
        flush_node(base)
    end

    return head, stop, nbspaces
end

-- If a pre-base matra character had been reordered before applying basic features,
-- the glyph can be moved closer to the main consonant based on whether half-forms had been formed.
-- Actual position for the matra is defined as “after last standalone halant glyph,
-- after initial matra position and before the main consonant”.
-- If ZWJ or ZWNJ follow this halant, position is moved after it.

-- so we break out ... this is only done for the first 'word' (if we feed words we can as
-- well test for non glyph.

function handlers.devanagari_reorder_matras(head,start) -- no leak
    local current = start -- we could cache attributes here
    local startfont = getfont(start)
    local startattr = getprop(start,a_syllabe)
    while current do
        local char = ischar(current,startfont)
        local next = getnext(current)
        if char and getprop(current,a_syllabe) == startattr then
            if halant[char] and not getprop(current,a_state) then
                if next then
                    local char = ischar(next,startfont)
                    if char and zw_char[char] and getprop(next,a_syllabe) == startattr then
                        current = next
                        next    = getnext(current)
                    end
                end
                -- can be optimzied
                local startnext = getnext(start)
                head = remove_node(head,start)
                setlink(start,next)
                setlink(current,start)
             -- setlink(current,start,next) -- maybe
                start = startnext
                break
            end
        else
            break
        end
        current = next
    end
    return head, start, true
end

-- todo: way more caching of attributes and font

-- Reph’s original position is always at the beginning of the syllable, (i.e. it is not reordered at the character reordering stage).
-- However, it will be reordered according to the basic-forms shaping results.
-- Possible positions for reph, depending on the script, are; after main, before post-base consonant forms,
-- and after post-base consonant forms.

-- 1  If reph should be positioned after post-base consonant forms, proceed to step 5.
-- 2  If the reph repositioning class is not after post-base: target position is after the first explicit halant glyph between
--    the first post-reph consonant and last main consonant. If ZWJ or ZWNJ are following this halant, position is moved after it.
--    If such position is found, this is the target position. Otherwise, proceed to the next step.
--    Note: in old-implementation fonts, where classifications were fixed in shaping engine,
--    there was no case where reph position will be found on this step.
-- 3  If reph should be repositioned after the main consonant: from the first consonant not ligated with main,
--    or find the first consonant that is not a potential pre-base reordering Ra.
-- 4  If reph should be positioned before post-base consonant, find first post-base classified consonant not ligated with main.
--    If no consonant is found, the target position should be before the first matra, syllable modifier sign or vedic sign.
-- 5  If no consonant is found in steps 3 or 4, move reph to a position immediately before the first post-base matra,
--    syllable modifier sign or vedic sign that has a reordering class after the intended reph position.
--    For example, if the reordering position for reph is post-main, it will skip above-base matras that also have a post-main position.
-- 6  Otherwise, reorder reph to the end of the syllable.

-- hm, this only looks at the start of a nodelist ... is this supposed to be line based?

function handlers.devanagari_reorder_reph(head,start)
    -- since in Devanagari reph has reordering position 'before postscript' dev2 only follows step 2, 4, and 6,
    -- the other steps are still ToDo (required for scripts other than dev2)
    local current   = getnext(start)
    local startnext = nil
    local startprev = nil
    local startfont = getfont(start)
    local startattr = getprop(start,a_syllabe)
    while current do
        local char = ischar(current,startfont)
        if char and getprop(current,a_syllabe) == startattr then -- step 2
            if halant[char] and not getprop(current,a_state) then
                local next = getnext(current)
                if next then
                    local nextchar = ischar(next,startfont)
                    if nextchar and zw_char[nextchar] and getprop(next,a_syllabe) == startattr then
                        current = next
                        next    = getnext(current)
                    end
                end
                startnext = getnext(start)
                head = remove_node(head,start)
                setlink(start,next)
                setlink(current,start)
             -- setlink(current,start,next) -- maybe
                start = startnext
                startattr = getprop(start,a_syllabe)
                break
            end
            current = getnext(current)
        else
            break
        end
    end
    if not startnext then
        current = getnext(start)
        while current do
            local char = ischar(current,startfont)
            if char and getprop(current,a_syllabe) == startattr then -- step 4
                if getprop(current,a_state) == s_pstf then -- post-base
                    startnext = getnext(start)
                    head = remove_node(head,start)
                    setlink(getprev(current),start)
                    setlink(start,current)
                 -- setlink(getprev(current),start,current) -- maybe
                    start = startnext
                    startattr = getprop(start,a_syllabe)
                    break
                end
                current = getnext(current)
            else
                break
            end
        end
    end
    -- todo: determine position for reph with reordering position other than 'before postscript'
    -- (required for scripts other than dev2)
    -- leaks
    if not startnext then
        current = getnext(start)
        local c = nil
        while current do
            local char = ischar(current,startfont)
            if char and getprop(current,a_syllabe) == startattr then -- step 5
                if not c and mark_above_below_post[char] and reorder_class[char] ~= "after subscript" then
                    c = current
                end
                current = getnext(current)
            else
                break
            end
        end
        -- here we can loose the old start node: maybe best split cases
        if c then
            startnext = getnext(start)
            head = remove_node(head,start)
            setlink(getprev(c),start)
            setlink(start,c)
         -- setlink(getprev(c),start,c) -- maybe
            -- end
            start = startnext
            startattr = getprop(start,a_syllabe)
        end
    end
    -- leaks
    if not startnext then
        current = start
        local next = getnext(current)
        while next do
            local nextchar = ischar(next,startfont)
            if nextchar and getprop(next,a_syllabe) == startattr then --step 6
                current = next
                next = getnext(current)
            else
                break
            end
        end
        if start ~= current then
            startnext = getnext(start)
            head = remove_node(head,start)
            setlink(start,getnext(current))
            setlink(current,start)
         -- setlink(current,start,getnext(current)) -- maybe
            start = startnext
        end
    end
    --
    return head, start, true
end

-- we can cache some checking (v)

-- If a pre-base reordering consonant is found, reorder it according to the following rules:
--
-- 1  Only reorder a glyph produced by substitution during application of the feature.
--    (Note that a font may shape a Ra consonant with the feature generally but block it in certain contexts.)
-- 2  Try to find a target position the same way as for pre-base matra. If it is found, reorder pre-base consonant glyph.
-- 3  If position is not found, reorder immediately before main consonant.

-- Here we implement a few handlers:
--
--   function(head,start,dataset,sequence,lookupmatch,rlmode,skiphash,step)
--       return head, start, done
--   end

function handlers.devanagari_reorder_pre_base_reordering_consonants(head,start)
    local current   = start
    local startnext = nil
    local startprev = nil
    local startfont = getfont(start)
    local startattr = getprop(start,a_syllabe)
    -- can be fast for loop + caching state
    while current do
        local char = ischar(current,startfont)
        if char and getprop(current,a_syllabe) == startattr then
            local next = getnext(current)
            if halant[char] and not getprop(current,a_state) then
                if next then
                    local nextchar = ischar(next,startfont)
                    if nextchar and getprop(next,a_syllabe) == startattr then
                        if nextchar == c_zwnj or nextchar == c_zwj then
                            current = next
                            next    = getnext(current)
                        end
                    end
                end
                startnext = getnext(start)
                removenode(start,start)
                setlink(start,next)
                setlink(current,start)
             -- setlink(current,start,next) -- maybe
                start = startnext
                break
            end
            current = next
        else
            break
        end
    end
    if not startnext then
        current   = getnext(start)
        startattr = getprop(start,a_syllabe)
        while current do
            local char = ischar(current,startfont)
            if char and getprop(current,a_syllabe) == startattr then
                if not consonant[char] and getprop(current,a_state) then -- main
                    startnext = getnext(start)
                    removenode(start,start)
                    setlink(getprev(current),start)
                    setlink(start,current)
                 -- setlink(getprev(current),start,current) -- maybe
                    start = startnext
                    break
                end
                current = getnext(current)
            else
                break
            end
        end
    end
    return head, start, true
end

function handlers.devanagari_remove_joiners(head,start,kind,lookupname,replacement)
    local stop = getnext(start)
    local font = getfont(start)
    local last = start
    while stop do
        local char = ischar(stop,font)
        if char and (char == c_zwnj or char == c_zwj) then
            last = stop
            stop = getnext(stop)
        else
            break
        end
    end
    local prev = getprev(start)
    if stop then
        setnext(last)
        setlink(prev,stop)
    elseif prev then
        setnext(prev)
    end
    if head == start then
    	head = stop
    end
    flush_list(start)
    return head, stop, true
end

local function dev2_initialize(font,attr)

    local devanagari = fontdata[font].resources.devanagari

    if devanagari then
        return devanagari.seqsubset or { }, devanagari.reorderreph or { }
    else
        return { }, { }
    end

end

-- this one will be merged into the caller: it saves a call, but we will then make function
-- of the actions

local function dev2_reorder(head,start,stop,font,attr,nbspaces) -- maybe do a pass over (determine stop in sweep)

    local seqsubset, reorderreph = dev2_initialize(font,attr)

    local reph     = false -- was nil ... probably went unnoticed because never assigned
    local halfpos  = nil
    local basepos  = nil
    local subpos   = nil
    local postpos  = nil
    local locl     = { }

    for i=1,#seqsubset do

        -- maybe quit if start == stop

        local subset      = seqsubset[i]
        local kind        = subset[1]
        local lookupcache = subset[2]
        if kind == "rphf" then
            reph = subset[3]
            local current = start
            local last = getnext(stop)
            while current ~= last do
                if current ~= stop then
                    local c = locl[current] or getchar(current)
                    local found = lookupcache[c]
                    if found then
                        local next = getnext(current)
                        local n = locl[next] or getchar(next)
                        if found[n] then    --above-base: rphf    Consonant + Halant
                            local afternext = next ~= stop and getnext(next)
                            if afternext and zw_char[getchar(afternext)] then -- ZWJ and ZWNJ prevent creation of reph
                                current = next
                                current = getnext(current)
                            elseif current == start then
                                setprop(current,a_state,s_rphf)
                                current = next
                            else
                                current = next
                            end
                        end
                    end
                end
                current = getnext(current)
            end
        elseif kind == "pref" then
            local current = start
            local last = getnext(stop)
            while current ~= last do
                if current ~= stop then
                    local c = locl[current] or getchar(current)
                    local found = lookupcache[c]
                    if found then -- pre-base: pref	Halant + Consonant
                        local next = getnext(current)
                        local n = locl[next] or getchar(next)
                        if found[n] then
                            setprop(current,a_state,s_pref)
                            setprop(next,a_state,s_pref)
                            current = next
                        end
                    end
                end
                current = getnext(current)
            end
        elseif kind == "half" then -- half forms: half / Consonant + Halant
            local current = start
            local last = getnext(stop)
            while current ~= last do
                if current ~= stop then
                    local c = locl[current] or getchar(current)
                    local found = lookupcache[c]
                    if found then
                        local next = getnext(current)
                        local n = locl[next] or getchar(next)
                        if found[n] then
                            if next ~= stop and getchar(getnext(next)) == c_zwnj then    -- zwnj prevent creation of half
                                current = next
                            else
                                setprop(current,a_state,s_half)
                                if not halfpos then
                                    halfpos = current
                                end
                            end
                            current = getnext(current)
                        end
                    end
                end
                current = getnext(current)
            end
        elseif kind == "blwf" then -- below-base: blwf / Halant + Consonant
            local current = start
            local last = getnext(stop)
            while current ~= last do
                if current ~= stop then
                    local c = locl[current] or getchar(current)
                    local found = lookupcache[c]
                    if found then
                        local next = getnext(current)
                        local n = locl[next] or getchar(next)
                        if found[n] then
                            setprop(current,a_state,s_blwf)
                            setprop(next,a_state,s_blwf)
                            current = next
                            subpos = current
                        end
                    end
                end
                current = getnext(current)
            end
        elseif kind == "pstf" then -- post-base: pstf / Halant + Consonant
            local current = start
            local last = getnext(stop)
            while current ~= last do
                if current ~= stop then
                    local c = locl[current] or getchar(current)
                    local found = lookupcache[c]
                    if found then
                        local next = getnext(current)
                        local n = locl[next] or getchar(next)
                        if found[n] then
                            setprop(current,a_state,s_pstf)
                            setprop(next,a_state,s_pstf)
                            current = next
                            postpos = current
                        end
                    end
                end
                current = getnext(current)
            end
        end
    end

    -- this one changes per word ...

    reorderreph.coverage = { [reph] = true } -- neat

    -- end of weird

    local current, base, firstcons = start, nil, nil

    if getprop(start,a_state) == s_rphf then
        -- if syllable starts with Ra + H and script has 'Reph' then exclude Reph from candidates for base consonants
        current = getnext(getnext(start))
    end

    if current ~= getnext(stop) and getchar(current) == c_nbsp then
        -- Stand Alone cluster
        if current == stop then
            stop = getprev(stop)
            head = remove_node(head,current)
            flush_node(current)
            return head, stop, nbspaces
        else
            nbspaces = nbspaces + 1
            base     = current
            current  = getnext(current)
            if current ~= stop then
                local char = getchar(current)
                if nukta[char] then
                    current = getnext(current)
                    char = getchar(current)
                end
                if char == c_zwj then
                    local next = getnext(current)
                    if current ~= stop and next ~= stop and halant[getchar(next)] then
                        current = next
                        next = getnext(current)
                        local tmp = getnext(next)
                        local changestop = next == stop
                        setnext(next)
                        setprop(current,a_state,s_pref)
                        current = processcharacters(current,font)
                        setprop(current,a_state,s_blwf)
                        current = processcharacters(current,font)
                        setprop(current,a_state,s_pstf)
                        current = processcharacters(current,font)
                        setprop(current,a_state,unsetvalue)
                        if halant[getchar(current)] then
                            setnext(getnext(current),tmp)
                            local nc = copy_node(current)
							copyinjection(nc,current)
                            setchar(current,dotted_circle)
                            head = insert_node_after(head,current,nc)
                        else
                            setnext(current,tmp) -- assumes that result of pref, blwf, or pstf consists of one node
                            if changestop then
                                stop = current
                            end
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    else -- not Stand Alone cluster
        local last = getnext(stop)
        while current ~= last do    -- find base consonant
            local next = getnext(current)
            if consonant[getchar(current)] then
                if not (current ~= stop and next ~= stop and halant[getchar(next)] and getchar(getnext(next)) == c_zwj) then
                    if not firstcons then
                        firstcons = current
                    end
                    -- check whether consonant has below-base or post-base form or is pre-base reordering Ra
                    local a = getprop(current,a_state)
                    if not (a == s_pref or a == s_blwf or a == s_pstf) then
                        base = current
                    end
                end
            end
            current = next
        end
        if not base then
            base = firstcons
        end
    end

    if not base then
        if getprop(start,a_state) == s_rphf then
            setprop(start,a_state,unsetvalue)
        end
        return head, stop, nbspaces
    else
        if getprop(base,a_state) then
            setprop(base,a_state,unsetvalue)
        end
        basepos = base
    end
    if not halfpos then
        halfpos = base
    end
    if not subpos then
        subpos = base
    end
    if not postpos then
        postpos = subpos or base
    end

    -- Matra characters are classified and reordered by which consonant in a conjunct they have affinity for

    local moved = { }
    local current = start
    local last = getnext(stop)
    while current ~= last do
        local char, target, cn = locl[current] or getchar(current), nil, getnext(current)
        -- not so efficient (needed for malayalam)
        local tpm = twopart_mark[char]
        if tpm then
            local extra = copy_node(current)
            copyinjection(extra,current)
            char = tpm[1]
            setchar(current,char)
            setchar(extra,tpm[2])
            head = insert_node_after(head,current,extra)
        end
        --
        if not moved[current] and dependent_vowel[char] then
            if pre_mark[char] then            -- Before first half form in the syllable
                moved[current] = true
                -- can be helper to remove one node
                local prev, next = getboth(current)
                setlink(prev,next)
                if current == stop then
                    stop = getprev(current)
                end
                if halfpos == start then
                    if head == start then
                        head = current
                    end
                    start = current
                end
                setlink(getprev(halfpos),current)
                setlink(current,halfpos)
             -- setlink(getprev(halfpos),current,halfpos) -- maybe
                halfpos = current
            elseif above_mark[char] then    -- After main consonant
                target = basepos
                if subpos == basepos then
                    subpos = current
                end
                if postpos == basepos then
                    postpos = current
                end
                basepos = current
            elseif below_mark[char] then    -- After subjoined consonants
                target = subpos
                if postpos == subpos then
                    postpos = current
                end
                subpos = current
            elseif post_mark[char] then    -- After post-form consonant
                target = postpos
                postpos = current
            end
            if mark_above_below_post[char] then
                local prev = getprev(current)
                if prev ~= target then
                    local next = getnext(current)
                    setlink(prev,next)
                    if current == stop then
                        stop = prev
                    end
                    setlink(current,getnext(target))
                    setlink(target,current)
                 -- setlink(target,current,getnext(target)) -- maybe
                end
            end
        end
        current = cn
    end

    -- Reorder marks to canonical order: Adjacent nukta and halant or nukta and vedic sign are always repositioned if necessary, so that the nukta is first.

    local current, c = start, nil
    while current ~= stop do
        local char = getchar(current)
        if halant[char] or stress_tone_mark[char] then
            if not c then
                c = current
            end
        else
            c = nil
        end
        local next = getnext(current)
        if c and nukta[getchar(next)] then
            if head == c then
                head = next
            end
            if stop == next then
                stop = current
            end
            setlink(getprev(c),next)
            local nextnext = getnext(next)
            setnext(current,nextnext)
            local nextnextnext = getnext(nextnext)
            if nextnextnext then
                setprev(nextnextnext,current)
            end
            setlink(nextnext,c)
        end
        if stop == current then break end
        current = getnext(current)
    end

    if getchar(base) == c_nbsp then
        if base == stop then
            stop = getprev(stop)
        end
        nbspaces = nbspaces - 1
        head = remove_node(head, base)
        flush_node(base)
    end

    return head, stop, nbspaces
end

-- cleaned up and optimized ... needs checking (local, check order, fixes, extra hash, etc)

local separator = { }

imerge(separator,consonant)
imerge(separator,independent_vowel)
imerge(separator,dependent_vowel)
imerge(separator,vowel_modifier)
imerge(separator,stress_tone_mark)

for k, v in next, nukta  do separator[k] = true end
for k, v in next, halant do separator[k] = true end

local function analyze_next_chars_one(c,font,variant) -- skip one dependent vowel
    -- why two variants ... the comment suggests that it's the same ruleset
    local n = getnext(c)
    if not n then
        return c
    end
    if variant == 1 then
        local v = ischar(n,font)
        if v and nukta[v] then
            n = getnext(n)
            if n then
                v = ischar(n,font)
            end
        end
        if n and v then
            local nn = getnext(n)
            if nn then
                local vv = ischar(nn,font)
                if vv then
                    local nnn = getnext(nn)
                    if nnn then
                        local vvv = ischar(nnn,font)
                        if vvv then
                            if vv == c_zwj and consonant[vvv] then
                                c = nnn
                            elseif (vv == c_zwnj or vv == c_zwj) and halant[vvv] then
                                local nnnn = getnext(nnn)
                                if nnnn then
                                    local vvvv = ischar(nnnn,font)
                                    if vvvv and consonant[vvvv] then
                                        c = nnnn
                                    end
                                end
                            end
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    elseif variant == 2 then
        local v = ischar(n,font)
        if v and nukta[v] then
            c = n
        end
        n = getnext(c)
        if n then
            v = ischar(n,font)
            if v then
                local nn = getnext(n)
                if nn then
                    local vv = ischar(nn,font)
                    if vv and zw_char[v] then
                        n = nn
                        v = vv
                        nn = getnext(nn)
                        vv = nn and ischar(nn,font)
                    end
                    if vv and halant[v] and consonant[vv] then
                        c = nn
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end
    -- c = ms_matra(c)
    local n = getnext(c)
    if not n then
        return c
    end
    local v = ischar(n,font)
    if not v then
        return c
    end
    if dependent_vowel[v] then
        c = getnext(c)
        n = getnext(c)
        if not n then
            return c
        end
        v = ischar(n,font)
        if not v then
            return c
        end
    end
    if nukta[v] then
        c = getnext(c)
        n = getnext(c)
        if not n then
            return c
        end
        v = ischar(n,font)
        if not v then
            return c
        end
    end
    if halant[v] then
        c = getnext(c)
        n = getnext(c)
        if not n then
            return c
        end
        v = ischar(n,font)
        if not v then
            return c
        end
    end
    if vowel_modifier[v] then
        c = getnext(c)
        n = getnext(c)
        if not n then
            return c
        end
        v = ischar(n,font)
        if not v then
            return c
        end
    end
    if stress_tone_mark[v] then
        c = getnext(c)
        n = getnext(c)
        if not n then
            return c
        end
        v = ischar(n,font)
        if not v then
            return c
        end
    end
    if stress_tone_mark[v] then
        return n
    else
        return c
    end
end

local function analyze_next_chars_two(c,font)
    local n = getnext(c)
    if not n then
        return c
    end
    local v = ischar(n,font)
    if v and nukta[v] then
        c = n
    end
    n = c
    while true do
        local nn = getnext(n)
        if nn then
            local vv = ischar(nn,font)
            if vv then
                if halant[vv] then
                    n = nn
                    local nnn = getnext(nn)
                    if nnn then
                        local vvv = ischar(nnn,font)
                        if vvv and zw_char[vvv] then
                            n = nnn
                        end
                    end
                elseif vv == c_zwnj or vv == c_zwj then
                 -- n = nn -- not here (?)
                    local nnn = getnext(nn)
                    if nnn then
                        local vvv = ischar(nnn,font)
                        if vvv and halant[vvv] then
                            n = nnn
                        end
                    end
                else
                    break
                end
                local nn = getnext(n)
                if nn then
                    local vv = ischar(nn,font)
                    if vv and consonant[vv] then
                        n = nn
                        local nnn = getnext(nn)
                        if nnn then
                            local vvv = ischar(nnn,font)
                            if vvv and nukta[vvv] then
                                n = nnn
                            end
                        end
                        c = n
                    else
                        break
                    end
                else
                    break
                end
            else
                break
            end
        else
            break
        end
    end
    --
    if not c then
        -- This shouldn't happen I guess.
        return
    end
    local n = getnext(c)
    if not n then
        return c
    end
    local v = ischar(n,font)
    if not v then
        return c
    end
    if v == c_anudatta then
        c = n
        n = getnext(c)
        if not n then
            return c
        end
        v = ischar(n,font)
        if not v then
            return c
        end
    end
    if halant[v] then
        c = n
        n = getnext(c)
        if not n then
            return c
        end
        v = ischar(n,font)
        if not v then
            return c
        end
        if v == c_zwnj or v == c_zwj then
            c = n
            n = getnext(c)
            if not n then
                return c
            end
            v = ischar(n,font)
            if not v then
                return c
            end
        end
    else
        -- c = ms_matra(c)
        -- same as one
        if dependent_vowel[v] then
            c = n
            n = getnext(c)
            if not n then
                return c
            end
            v = ischar(n,font)
            if not v then
                return c
            end
        end
        if nukta[v] then
            c = n
            n = getnext(c)
            if not n then
                return c
            end
            v = ischar(n,font)
            if not v then
                return c
            end
        end
        if halant[v] then
            c = n
            n = getnext(c)
            if not n then
                return c
            end
            v = ischar(n,font)
            if not v then
                return c
            end
        end
    end
    -- same as one
    if vowel_modifier[v] then
        c = n
        n = getnext(c)
        if not n then
            return c
        end
        v = ischar(n,font)
        if not v then
            return c
        end
    end
    if stress_tone_mark[v] then
        c = n
        n = getnext(c)
        if not n then
            return c
        end
        v = ischar(n,font)
        if not v then
            return c
        end
    end
    if stress_tone_mark[v] then
        return n
    else
        return c
    end
end

local function inject_syntax_error(head,current,mark)
    local signal = copy_node(current)
	copyinjection(signal,current)
    if mark == pre_mark then -- THIS IS WRONG: pre_mark is a table
        setchar(signal,dotted_circle)
    else
        setchar(current,dotted_circle)
    end
    return insert_node_after(head,current,signal)
end

-- It looks like these two analyzers were written independently but they share
-- a lot. Common code has been synced.

function methods.deva(head,font,attr)
    head           = tonut(head)
    local current  = head
    local start    = true
    local done     = false
    local nbspaces = 0
    while current do
		local char = ischar(current,font)
        if char then
            done = true
            local syllablestart = current
            local syllableend   = nil
            local c = current
            local n = getnext(c)
	        local first = char
            if n and ra[first] then
                local second = ischar(n,font)
                if second and halant[second] then
                    local n = getnext(n)
                    if n then
                        local third = ischar(n,font)
                        if third then
                            c = n
                            first = third
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
            local standalone = first == c_nbsp
            if standalone then
                local prev = getprev(current)
                if prev then
                    local prevchar = ischar(prev,font)
                    if not prevchar then
                        -- different font or language so quite certainly a different word
                    elseif not separator[prevchar] then
                        -- something that separates words
                    else
                        standalone = false
                    end
                else
                    -- begin of paragraph or box
                end
            end
            if standalone then
                -- stand alone cluster (at the start of the word only): #[Ra+H]+NBSP+[N]+[<[<ZWJ|ZWNJ>]+H+C>]+[{M}+[N]+[H]]+[SM]+[(VD)]
				local syllableend = analyze_next_chars_one(c,font,2)
				current = getnext(syllableend)
                if syllablestart ~= syllableend then
                    head, current, nbspaces = deva_reorder(head,syllablestart,syllableend,font,attr,nbspaces)
                    current = getnext(current)
                end
            else
                -- we can delay the getsubtype(n) and getfont(n) and test for say halant first
                -- as an table access is faster than two function calls (subtype and font are
                -- pseudo fields) but the code becomes messy (unless we make it a function)
                if consonant[char] then
                    -- syllable containing consonant
                    local prevc = true
                    while prevc do
                        prevc = false
                        local n = getnext(current)
                        if not n then
                            break
                        end
                        local v = ischar(n,font)
                        if not v then
                            break
                        end
                        if nukta[v] then
                            n = getnext(n)
                            if not n then
                                break
                            end
                            v = ischar(n,font)
                            if not v then
                                break
                            end
                        end
                        if halant[v] then
                            n = getnext(n)
                            if not n then
                                break
                            end
                            v = ischar(n,font)
                            if not v then
                                break
                            end
                            if v == c_zwnj or v == c_zwj then
                                n = getnext(n)
                                if not n then
                                    break
                                end
                                v = ischar(n,font)
                                if not v then
                                    break
                                end
                            end
                            if consonant[v] then
                                prevc = true
                                current = n
                            end
                        end
                    end
                    local n = getnext(current)
                    if n then
                        local v = ischar(n,font)
                        if v and nukta[v] then
                            -- nukta (not specified in Microsft Devanagari OpenType specification)
                            current = n
                            n = getnext(current)
                        end
                    end
                    syllableend = current
                    current = n
                    if current then
                        local v = ischar(current,font)
                        if not v then
                            -- skip
                        elseif halant[v] then
                            -- syllable containing consonant without vowels: {C + [Nukta] + H} + C + H
                            local n = getnext(current)
                            if n then
                                local v = ischar(n,font)
                                if v and zw_char[v] then
                                    -- code collapsed, probably needs checking with intention
                                    syllableend = n
                                    current = getnext(n)
                                else
                                    syllableend = current
                                    current = n
                                end
                            else
                                syllableend = current
                                current = n
                            end
                        else
                            -- syllable containing consonant with vowels: {C + [Nukta] + H} + C + [M] + [VM] + [SM]
                            if dependent_vowel[v] then
                                syllableend = current
                                current = getnext(current)
                                v = ischar(current,font)
                            end
                            if v and vowel_modifier[v] then
                                syllableend = current
                                current = getnext(current)
                                v = ischar(current,font)
                            end
                            if v and stress_tone_mark[v] then
                                syllableend = current
                                current = getnext(current)
                            end
                        end
                    end
                    if syllablestart ~= syllableend then
                        head, current, nbspaces = deva_reorder(head,syllablestart,syllableend,font,attr,nbspaces)
                        current = getnext(current)
                    end
                elseif independent_vowel[char] then
                    -- syllable without consonants: VO + [VM] + [SM]
                    syllableend = current
                    current = getnext(current)
                    if current then
                        local v = ischar(current,font)
                        if v then
                            if vowel_modifier[v] then
                                syllableend = current
                                current = getnext(current)
                                v = ischar(current,font)
                            end
                            if v and stress_tone_mark[v] then
                                syllableend = current
                                current = getnext(current)
                            end
                        end
                    end
                else
                    local mark = mark_four[char]
                    if mark then
                        head, current = inject_syntax_error(head,current,mark)
                    end
                    current = getnext(current)
                end
            end
        else
            current = getnext(current)
        end
        start = false
    end

    if nbspaces > 0 then
        head = replace_all_nbsp(head)
    end

    head = tonode(head)

    return head, done
end

-- there is a good change that when we run into one with subtype < 256 that the rest is also done
-- so maybe we can omit this check (it's pretty hard to get glyphs in the stream out of the blue)

function methods.dev2(head,font,attr)
    head           = tonut(head)
    local current  = head
    local start    = true
    local done     = false
    local syllabe  = 0
    local nbspaces = 0
    while current do
        local syllablestart = nil
        local syllableend   = nil
        local char = ischar(current,font)
        if char then
            done = true
            syllablestart = current
            local c = current
            local n = getnext(current)
            if n and ra[char] then
                local nextchar = ischar(n,font)
                if nextchar and halant[nextchar] then
                    local n = getnext(n)
                    if n then
                        local nextnextchar = ischar(n,font)
                        if nextnextchar then
                            c = n
							char = nextnextchar
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
            if independent_vowel[char] then
                -- vowel-based syllable: [Ra+H]+V+[N]+[<[<ZWJ|ZWNJ>]+H+C|ZWJ+C>]+[{M}+[N]+[H]]+[SM]+[(VD)]
                current = analyze_next_chars_one(c,font,1)
                syllableend = current
            else
                local standalone = char == c_nbsp
                if standalone then
                    nbspaces = nbspaces + 1
                    local p = getprev(current)
                    if not p then
                        -- begin of paragraph or box
                    elseif ischar(p,font) then
                        -- different font or language so quite certainly a different word
                    elseif not separator[getchar(p)] then
                        -- something that separates words
                    else
                        standalone = false
                    end
                end
                if standalone then
                    -- Stand Alone cluster (at the start of the word only): #[Ra+H]+NBSP+[N]+[<[<ZWJ|ZWNJ>]+H+C>]+[{M}+[N]+[H]]+[SM]+[(VD)]
                    current = analyze_next_chars_one(c,font,2)
                    syllableend = current
                elseif consonant[getchar(current)] then
                    -- WHY current INSTEAD OF c ?

                    -- Consonant syllable: {C+[N]+<H+[<ZWNJ|ZWJ>]|<ZWNJ|ZWJ>+H>} + C+[N]+[A] + [< H+[<ZWNJ|ZWJ>] | {M}+[N]+[H]>]+[SM]+[(VD)]
                    current = analyze_next_chars_two(current,font) -- not c !
                    syllableend = current
                end
            end
        end
        if syllableend then
            syllabe = syllabe + 1
            local c = syllablestart
            local n = getnext(syllableend)
            while c ~= n do
                setprop(c,a_syllabe,syllabe)
                c = getnext(c)
            end
        end
        if syllableend and syllablestart ~= syllableend then
            head, current, nbspaces = dev2_reorder(head,syllablestart,syllableend,font,attr,nbspaces)
        end
        if not syllableend then
            local char = ischar(current,font)
            if char and not getprop(current,a_state) then
                local mark = mark_four[char]
                if mark then
                    head, current = inject_syntax_error(head,current,mark)
                end
            end
        end
        start = false
        current = getnext(current)
    end

    if nbspaces > 0 then
        head = replace_all_nbsp(head)
    end

    head = tonode(head)

    return head, done
end

methods.mlym = methods.deva
methods.mlm2 = methods.dev2