path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/xelatex/xgreek/xgreek.dtx

%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%%
%\iffalse
%
% (c) Copyright 2007-2016 Apostolos Syropoulos 
% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the 
% terms of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from 
% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt; either
% version 1.3c of the License, or any later version.
%  
% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'.
%
% Please report errors or suggestions for improvement to
%
%    Apostolos Syropoulos  (asyropoulos@yahoo.com)
%
%\fi
% \CheckSum{1881}
% \iffalse This is a Metacomment
%
%<xgreek, >\ProvidesFile{xgreek.sty}
%
%<xgreek, > [2016/04/28 v2.7 Package `xgreek.sty']
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*driver>
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
\GetFileInfo{xgreek.drv}
\usepackage{xltxtra}
\begin{document}
\newICUfeature{Contextuals}{Alts}{+calt}
\setmainfont[Mapping=tex-text,Script=Greek,
             SmallCapsFeatures={Contextuals=Alts}]{Universal Modern}
\setmonofont{UM Typewriter}
\setsansfont[Mapping=tex-text]{GFS Neohellenic}
   \DocInput{xgreek.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \fi
%\StopEventually{}
%\title{The \textsf{xgreek} package}
%\author{Apostolos Syropoulos\\
%        Xanthi, Greece\\
%        \texttt{asyropoulos@yahoo.com}}
% \date{2009/11/23\\ Last Updated 2016/04/28}
%\maketitle
% \begin{abstract}
% The \textsf{xgreek} package provides rudimentary support for Greek language
% typesetting with \XeLaTeX. In particular, it provides support for modern Greek (either
% monotonic or polytonic) and ancient Greek.  
%\end{abstract}
%
%\section{Introduction}
%
% The \textsf{xgreek} package provides rudimentary support for Greek language
% typesetting with \XeLaTeX. Users will be able to typeset documents in either
% modern Greek (monotonic or polytonic) or ancient Greek by selecting the appropriate
% package option. The default ``language'' is monotonic Greek.  
% 
%
% \section{The Source Code}
% According to the Unicode standard 
%\begin{center}
%|http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt|
%\end{center}
% the uppercase form of \textsc{greek small letter epsilon with tonos} is
% \textsc{greek capital letter eta with tonos}. This is certainly wrong. The main reason
% is that accents are not part of the letter as for example is the case with
% \textsc{latin small letter k with caron}. Since, \XeLaTeX\ blindly follows the Unicode
% standard, commands like |\MakeUppercase| produce wrong output. For this reason
% I first need to set up the correct |\uccode|s and |\lccode|s.  
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*xgreek>
\message{Package `xgreek' version 2.7 by Apostolos Syropoulos}
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\global\lccode"1F9F="1F97 \global\uccode"1F9F="1FCC
\global\lccode"1FA0="1FA0 \global\uccode"1FA0="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FA1="1FA1 \global\uccode"1FA1="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FA2="1FA2 \global\uccode"1FA2="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FA3="1FA3 \global\uccode"1FA3="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FA4="1FA4 \global\uccode"1FA4="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FA5="1FA5 \global\uccode"1FA5="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FA6="1FA6 \global\uccode"1FA6="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FA7="1FA7 \global\uccode"1FA7="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FA8="1FA0 \global\uccode"1FA8="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FA9="1FA1 \global\uccode"1FA9="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FAA="1FA2 \global\uccode"1FAA="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FAB="1FA3 \global\uccode"1FAB="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FAC="1FA4 \global\uccode"1FAC="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FAD="1FA5 \global\uccode"1FAD="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FAE="1FA6 \global\uccode"1FAE="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FAF="1FA7 \global\uccode"1FAF="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FB0="1FB0 \global\uccode"1FB0="1FB8
\global\lccode"1FB1="1FB1 \global\uccode"1FB1="1FB9
\global\lccode"1FB2="1FB2 \global\uccode"1FB2="1FBC
\global\lccode"1FB3="1FB3 \global\uccode"1FB3="1FBC
\global\lccode"1FB4="1FB4 \global\uccode"1FB4="1FBC
\global\lccode"1FB6="1FB6 \global\uccode"1FB6="0391
\global\lccode"1FB7="1FB7 \global\uccode"1FB7="1FBC
\global\lccode"1FB8="1FB0 \global\uccode"1FB8="1FB8
\global\lccode"1FB9="1FB1 \global\uccode"1FB9="1FB9
\global\lccode"1FBA="1F70 \global\uccode"1FBA="0391
\global\lccode"1FBB="1F71 \global\uccode"1FBB="0391
\global\lccode"1FBC="1FB3 \global\uccode"1FBC="1FBC
\global\lccode"1FBD="1FBD \global\uccode"1FBD="1FBD
\global\lccode"1FC2="1FC2 \global\uccode"1FC2="1FCC
\global\lccode"1FC3="1FC3 \global\uccode"1FC3="1FCC
\global\lccode"1FC4="1FC4 \global\uccode"1FC4="1FCC
\global\lccode"1FC6="1FC6 \global\uccode"1FC6="0397
\global\lccode"1FC7="1FC7 \global\uccode"1FC7="1FCC
\global\lccode"1FC8="1F72 \global\uccode"1FC8="0395
\global\lccode"1FC9="1F73 \global\uccode"1FC9="0395
\global\lccode"1FCA="1F74 \global\uccode"1FCA="0397
\global\lccode"1FCB="1F75 \global\uccode"1FCB="0397
\global\lccode"1FCC="1FC3 \global\uccode"1FCC="1FCC
\global\lccode"1FD0="1FD0 \global\uccode"1FD0="1FD8
\global\lccode"1FD1="1FD1 \global\uccode"1FD1="1FD9
\global\lccode"1FD2="1FD2 \global\uccode"1FD2="03AA
\global\lccode"1FD3="1FD3 \global\uccode"1FD3="03AA
\global\lccode"1FD6="1FD6 \global\uccode"1FD6="0399
\global\lccode"1FD7="1FD7 \global\uccode"1FD7="03AA
\global\lccode"1FD8="1FD0 \global\uccode"1FD8="1FD8
\global\lccode"1FD9="1FD1 \global\uccode"1FD9="1FD9
\global\lccode"1FDA="1F76 \global\uccode"1FDA="0399
\global\lccode"1FDB="1F77 \global\uccode"1FDB="0399
\global\lccode"1FE0="1FE0 \global\uccode"1FE0="1FE8
\global\lccode"1FE1="1FE1 \global\uccode"1FE1="1FE9
\global\lccode"1FE2="1FE2 \global\uccode"1FE2="03AB
\global\lccode"1FE3="1FE3 \global\uccode"1FE3="03AB
\global\lccode"1FE4="1FE4 \global\uccode"1FE4="03A1
\global\lccode"1FE5="1FE5 \global\uccode"1FE5="03A1
\global\lccode"1FE6="1FE6 \global\uccode"1FE6="03A5
\global\lccode"1FE7="1FE7 \global\uccode"1FE7="03AB
\global\lccode"1FE8="1FE0 \global\uccode"1FE8="1FE8
\global\lccode"1FE9="1FE1 \global\uccode"1FE9="1FE9
\global\lccode"1FEA="1F7A \global\uccode"1FEA="03A5
\global\lccode"1FEB="1F7B \global\uccode"1FEB="03A5
\global\lccode"1FEC="1FE5 \global\uccode"1FEC="1FEC
\global\lccode"1FF2="1FF2 \global\uccode"1FF2="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FF3="1FF3 \global\uccode"1FF3="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FF4="1FF4 \global\uccode"1FF4="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FF6="1FF6 \global\uccode"1FF6="03A9
\global\lccode"1FF7="1FF7 \global\uccode"1FF7="1FFC
\global\lccode"1FF8="1F78 \global\uccode"1FF8="039F
\global\lccode"1FF9="1F79 \global\uccode"1FF9="039F
\global\lccode"1FFA="1F7C \global\uccode"1FFA="03A9
\global\lccode"1FFB="1F7D \global\uccode"1FFB="03A9
\global\lccode"1FFC="1FF3 \global\uccode"1FFC="1FFC
%    \end{macrocode}
% Next I define the various strings that correspond to the standard \LaTeX\ captions.
% I first define the strings for monotonic Greek. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\prefacename{Πρόλογος}%
\def\refname{Αναφορές}%
\def\abstractname{Περίληψη}%
\def\bibname{Βιβλιογραφία}%
\def\chaptername{Κεφάλαιο}%
\def\appendixname{Παράρτημα}%
\def\contentsname{Περιεχόμενα}%
\def\listfigurename{Κατάλογος σχημάτων}%
\def\listtablename{Κατάλογος πινάκων}%
\def\indexname{Ευρετήριο}%
\def\figurename{Σχήμα}%
\def\tablename{Πίνακας}%
\def\partname{Μέρος}%
\def\enclname{Συνημμένα}%
\def\ccname{Κοινοποίηση}%
\def\headtoname{Προς}%
\def\pagename{Σελίδα}%
\def\seename{βλέπε}%
\def\alsoname{βλέπε επίσης}%
\def\proofname{Απόδειξη}%
\def\glossaryname{Γλωσσάρι}%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Macro |\polytonicn@mes| is invoked when polytonic Greek is the main language of the document.
%    \begin{macrocode} 
\def\polytonicn@mes{%
  \def\refname{Ἀναφορὲς}%
  \def\indexname{Εὑρετήριο}%
  \def\figurename{Σχῆμα}%
  \def\headtoname{Πρὸς}%
  \def\alsoname{βέλπε ἐπίσης}%
  \def\proofname{Ἀπόδειξη}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Macro |\@ncientn@mes| is invoked when ancient Greek is the main language of the document.
%    \begin{macrocode} 
\def\@ncientn@mes{%
  \def\prefacename{Προοίμιον}%
  \def\abstractname{Περίληψις}%
  \def\bibname{Βιβλιογραφία}%
  \def\chaptername{Κεφάλαιον}%
  \def\appendixname{Παράρτημα}%
  \def\contentsname{Περιεχόμενα}%
  \def\listfigurename{Κατάλογος σχημάτων}%
  \def\listtablename{Κατάλογος πινάκων}%
  \def\indexname{Εὑρετήριον}%
  \def\tablename{Πίναξ}%
  \def\partname{Μέρος}%
  \def\enclname{Συνημμένως}%
  \def\ccname{Κοινοποίησις}%
  \def\headtoname{Πρὸς}%
  \def\pagename{Σελὶς}%
  \def\seename{ὃρα}%
  \def\alsoname{ὃρα ὡσαύτως}%
  \def\proofname{Ἀπόδειξις}%
  \def\glossaryname{Γλωσσάριον}%
  \def\refname{Ἀναφοραὶ}%
  \def\figurename{Σχῆμα}%
  \def\headtoname{Πρὸς}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% I redefine |\today| so as to produce dates in Greek. The
% names of months are defined by the macro |\gr@month|. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gr@month{%
  \ifcase\month\or Ιανουαρίου\or Φεβρουαρίου\or Μαρτίου\or Απριλίου\or
    Μαΐου\or Ιουνίου\or Ιουλίου\or Αυγούστου\or
     Σεπτεμβρίου\or Οκτωβρίου\or Νοεμβρίου\or Δεκεμβρίου\fi}
\def\today{\number\day \space \gr@month\space \number\year}
%    \end{macrocode}
% When either polytonic Greek or ancient Greek is the main language of the document,
% then the macro |\gr@c@month| becomes active.  
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gr@c@month{%
  \ifcase\month\or Ἰανουαρίου\or Φεβρουαρίου\or Μαρτίου\or Ἀπριλίου\or 
   Μαΐου\or Ἰουνίου\or Ἰουλίου\or Αὐγούστου\or Σεπτεμβρίου\or
  Ὀκτωβρίου\or Νοεμβρίου\or Δεκεμβρίου\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Next, I define a few macros that allow one to access characters
% that are not usually easily accessible from the keyboard (e.g., the sampi or the
% koppa symbol). The list includes a command for the unicode symbol GREEK ANO TELEIA,
% which, in some systems, is confused with MIDDLE DOT. The use of command |\numer@lsign|
% will be explained later.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\anwtonos{ʹ} %GREEK NUMERAl SIGN
\let\numer@lsign\anwtonos
\def\katwtonos{͵} %GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN
\def\koppa{\char"03DF\relax}
\def\sampi{\char"03E1\relax}
\def\Digamma{\char"03DC\relax}
\def\ddigamma{\char"03DD\relax}
\def\anoteleia{\char"0387\relax}
\def\euro{\char"20AC\relax}
\def\permill{\char"2030\relax}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Many users prefer the use of the letters sigma and tau instead of the stigma symbol in
% Greek numerals, therefore, by default the |\stigma| command expands to ``στ''. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\stigma{στ\relax}
%    \end{macrocode}
% The following commands take care of the basic rules of typography. Note that the first command
% changes the way space is added after punctuation symbols and the last two commands force \LaTeX\
% to add indentation space to the first paragraph after a header. Since a number of users need, for 
% their own reasons, to be able to disable this particular feature I have introduced a new package
% option, namely |noindentfirst|, which restores the default behavior. In order to be able
% to do this I need the original value of the boolean variable |\@afterindentfalse|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\frenchspacing
\let\@saveafterindentfalse\@afterindentfalse
\let\@afterindentfalse\@afterindenttrue
\@afterindenttrue
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now that I have defined the language dependant macros, I will define the various
% supported options. Note I follow the standard mechanism to load hyphenation patterns.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{monogreek}{%
   \language\l@monogreek%
}
\DeclareOption{polygreek}{%
   \language\l@polygreek%
   \polytonicn@mes%
   \let\gr@month\gr@c@month%
}
\DeclareOption{ancientgreek}{%
   \language\l@ancientgreek%
   \@ncientn@mes%
   \let\gr@month\gr@c@month%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% If a user wants to use the stigma symbol in Greek numerals, she should use the
% |stigma| option.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{stigma}{%
   \def\stigma{\char"03DB\relax}
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% As noted above, the new option |noindentfirst| restores the default \LaTeX\ behavior of adding no indentation to
% the first paragraph after any header. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{noindentfirst}{%
   \let\@afterindentfalse\@saveafterindentfalse
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Nowadays it is customary in Greece to use Greek numerals without the GREEK NUMERAL SIGN at the end
% of numeral. Thus, the |nonumeralsign| option disables the typesetting of the GREEK NUMERAL SIGN
% at the end of Greek numerals. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{nonumeralsign}{%
   \let\numer@lsign\relax
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% By default the |monogreek| option is activated.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ExecuteOptions{monogreek}
\ProcessOptions
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now I am going to define the macros that typeset alphabetic Greek numerals. The code 
% is borrowed from the greek option for the babel package.
%  \begin{macro}{\gr@ill@value}
%    When the argument of |\greeknumeral| has a value outside of the
%    acceptable bounds ($0 < x < 999999$) a warning will be issued
%    (and nothing will be printed).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gr@ill@value#1{%
  \PackageWarning{xgreek}{Illegal value (#1) for greeknumeral}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%  \begin{macro}{\anw@true}
%  \begin{macro}{\anw@false}
%  \begin{macro}{\anw@print}
%    When a large number with three \emph{trailing} zeros is to be
%    printed those zeros \emph{and} the numeric mark need to be
%    discarded. As each `digit' is processed by a separate macro
%    \emph{and} because the processing needs to be expandable we need
%    some helper macros that help remember to \emph{not} print the
%    numeric mark (|\numer@lsign|).
%
%    The command |\anw@false| switches the printing of the numeric
%    mark off by making |\anw@print| expand to nothing. The command
%    |\anw@true| (re)enables the printing of the numeric marc. These
%    macro's need to be robust in order to prevent improper expansion
%    during writing to files or during |\uppercase|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareRobustCommand\anw@false{%
  \DeclareRobustCommand\anw@print{}}
\DeclareRobustCommand\anw@true{%
  \DeclareRobustCommand\anw@print{\numer@lsign}}
\anw@true
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%  \end{macro}
%  \end{macro}
%
%  \begin{macro}{\@greeknumeral}
%    This command is used to typeset Greek numerals. The command uses
%    |\numer@lsign| to typeset the NUMERAL SIGN. Obviously, when the
%    user has specified the \texttt{no\-numeral\-sign} option, then numeral
%    comes out without the trailing NUMERAL SIGN. However, when a user
%    wants to typeset a Greek numeral, the numeral must come out correctly,
%    regardless of what appears in headers, etc. And that is exactly the
%    reason why this command is inaccessible to users.
%    The command |\@greeknumeral| needs to be \emph{fully} expandable
%    in order to get the right information in auxiliary
%    files. Therefore we use a big |\if|-construction to check the
%    value of the argument and start the parsing at the right level.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@greeknumeral#1{%
%    \end{macrocode}
%    If the value is negative or zero nothing is printed and a warning
%    is issued.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifnum#1<\@ne\space\gr@ill@value{#1}%
  \else
    \ifnum#1<10\expandafter\gr@num@i\number#1%
    \else
      \ifnum#1<100\expandafter\gr@num@ii\number#1%
      \else
%    \end{macrocode}
%    The available shorthands for 1.000 (|\@m|) and 10.000
%    (|\@M|) are used to save a few tokens.
%    \begin{macrocode}
        \ifnum#1<\@m\expandafter\gr@num@iii\number#1%
        \else
          \ifnum#1<\@M\expandafter\gr@num@iv\number#1%
          \else
            \ifnum#1<100000\expandafter\gr@num@v\number#1%
            \else
              \ifnum#1<1000000\expandafter\gr@num@vi\number#1%
              \else
%    \end{macrocode}
%    If the value is too large, nothing is printed and a warning
%    is issued.
%    \begin{macrocode}
                \space\gr@ill@value{#1}%
              \fi
            \fi
          \fi
        \fi
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%
%    What is left to make complete the definition of command |\greeknumeral| is a set of macros to produce
%    the various digits.
%  \begin{macro}{\gr@num@i}
%  \begin{macro}{\gr@num@ii}
%  \begin{macro}{\gr@num@iii}
%    As there is no ``digit'' representing $0$ in this system, the zeros
%    are simply discarded. When there is a large number with three
%    \emph{trailing} zeros also the numeric mark is discarded. 
%    Therefore these macros need to pass the information to each other
%    about the (non-)translation of a zero.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gr@num@i#1{%
  \ifcase#1\or α\or β\or γ\or δ\or ε\or \stigma\or ζ\or η\or θ\fi
  \ifnum#1=\z@\else\anw@true\fi\anw@print}
\def\gr@num@ii#1{%
  \ifcase#1\or ι\or κ\or λ\or μ\or ν\or ξ\or ο\or π\or \koppa\fi
  \ifnum#1=\z@\else\anw@true\fi\gr@num@i}
\def\gr@num@iii#1{%
  \ifcase#1\or ρ\or σ\or τ\or υ\or φ\or χ\or ψ\or ω\or \sampi\fi
  \ifnum#1=\z@\anw@false\else\anw@true\fi\gr@num@ii}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%  \end{macro}
%  \end{macro}
%
%  \begin{macro}{\gr@num@iv}
%  \begin{macro}{\gr@num@v}
%  \begin{macro}{\gr@num@vi}
%    The first three ``digits'' always have the numeric mark, except
%    when one is discarded because it's value is zero.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gr@num@iv#1{%
  \ifnum#1=\z@\else\katwtonos\fi
  \ifcase#1\or α\or β\or γ\or δ\or ε\or \stigma\or ζ\or η\or θ\fi
  \gr@num@iii}
\def\gr@num@v#1{%
  \ifnum#1=\z@\else\katwtonos\fi
  \ifcase#1\or ι\or κ\or λ\or μ\or ν\or ξ\or ο\or π\or \koppa\fi
  \gr@num@iv}
\def\gr@num@vi#1{%
  \katwtonos
  \ifcase#1\or ρ\or σ\or τ\or υ\or φ\or χ\or ψ\or ω\or \sampi\fi
  \gr@num@v}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%  \end{macro}
%  \end{macro}
%  \begin{macro}{\@Greeknumeral}
%    The command |\@Greeknumeral| prints uppercase Greek numerals. 
%    The parsing is performed by the macro |\@greeknumeral|. The printing
%    of the NUMERAL SIGN depends on the value of |\numer@lsign|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@Greeknumeral#1{%
  \expandafter\MakeUppercase\expandafter{\@greeknumeral{#1}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%  \begin{macro}{\greeknumeral}
%   This command prints lowercase Greek numerals and the NUMERAL SIGN
%   is always printed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\greeknumeral#1{%
  \let\@numer@lsign\numer@lsign%
  \let\numer@lsign\anwtonos%
  \@greeknumeral{#1}
  \let\numer@lsign\@numer@lsign}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%  \begin{macro}{\Greeknumeral}
%   This command prints uppercase Greek numerals and the NUMERAL SIGN
%   is always printed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\Greeknumeral#1{%
  \let\@numer@lsign\numer@lsign%
  \let\numer@lsign\anwtonos%
  \@Greeknumeral{#1}
  \let\numer@lsign\@numer@lsign}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%
% The alphabetic numbering system is not the only numbering system employed by Greeks.
% In fact, Greeks used various systems that are now known as {\em acrophonic} numbering
% systems. Many scholars are familiar with the acrophonic Attic numbering system and the
% the command |\atticnum| can be used to generate acrophonic Attic numerals.  
% The acrophonic Attic numbering system, like the Roman one, employs
% letters to denote important numbers. Multiple occurrence of a letter denote
% a multiple of the ``important'' number, e.g., the letter Ι denotes 1, so
% ΙΙΙ denotes 3. Here are the basic digits used in the acrophonic Attic numbering
% system:
% \begin{itemize}
%  \item Ι denotes the number one (1)
%  \item Π denotes the number five (5)
%  \item Δ denotes the number ten (10)
%  \item Η denotes the number one hundred (100)
%  \item Χ denotes the number one thousand (1000)
%  \item Μ denotes the number ten thousands (10000)
%\end{itemize}
% Moreover,  the letters Δ, Η, Χ, and Μ under the letter ^^^^^10143 (a form of Π)
% denote five times their original value. In particular, the symbol ^^^^^10144, denotes 
% the number 50, the symbol ^^^^^10145 denotes the number 500, the symbol ^^^^^10146
% denotes the number 5000, and the symbol ^^^^^10147 denotes the number 50,000. It 
% must be noted that the numbering system does not provide negative numerals or a symbol for
% zero. 
%\begin{macro}{\@@atticnum}            
% Now, let me definite the macro 
% |\@@atticnum|. This macro uses one integer variable (or counter in 
% \TeX's jargon.)
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcount\@attic@num
%    \end{macrocode}
% The macro |\@@atticnum| is also defined as a robust command.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\@@atticnum}[1]{%
%    \end{macrocode}
% After assigning to variable |\@attic@num| the value of the macro's argument, 
% we make sure that the argument is in the expected range, i.e., it is greater
% than zero, and less or equal to $249999$.  In case it isn't, it simply 
% produces a |\space|, warns the user about it and quits. Although, the
% |\atticnum| macro is capable to produce an Athenian numeral for even greater
% intergers, the following argument by Claudio Beccari convised me to place
% this upper limit:
% \begin{quote} 
% According to psychological perception studies (that ancient Athenians
% and Romans perfectly knew without needing to study Freud and Jung)
% living beings (which includes at least all vertebrates, not only
% humans) can perceive up to four randomly set objects of the same kind   
% without the need of counting, the latter activity being a specific
% acquired ability of human kind; the biquinary numbering notation
% used by the Athenians and the Romans exploits this natural
% characteristic of human beings.
% \end{quote}
%    \begin{macrocode}
        \@attic@num#1\relax
        \ifnum\@attic@num<\@ne%
          \space%
          \PackageWarning{xgreek}{%
          Illegal value (\the\@attic@num) for acrophonic Attic numeral}%
        \else\ifnum\@attic@num>249999%
          \space%
          \PackageWarning{xgreek}{%
          Value too large (\the\@attic@num) for acrophonic Attic numeral}%
        \else
%    \end{macrocode}
% Having done all the necessary checks, it is possible to proceed with the actual
% computation. If the number is greater than $49999$, then it certainly
% has at least one ^^^^^10147 ``digit''. The macro finds all such digits by continuously
% subtracting $50000$ from |\@attic@num|, until |\@attic@num| becomes less than
% $50000$. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \@whilenum\@attic@num>49999\do{%
               ^^^^^10147\advance\@attic@num-50000}%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Next the macro checks for tens of thousands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \@whilenum\@attic@num>9999\do{%
               M\advance\@attic@num-\@M}%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Since a number can have only one ^^^^^10146 ``digit'' (equivalent to 5000), it 
% is easy to check whether is should have one and produce the corresponding numeral when
% it does have one.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \ifnum\@attic@num>4999%
               ^^^^^10146\advance\@attic@num-5000%
            \fi\relax
%    \end{macrocode}
% The macro should also check for thousands, the same way it checked for tens of thousands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \@whilenum\@attic@num>999\do{%
               Χ\advance\@attic@num-\@m}%
%    \end{macrocode} 
% Since a numeral can have at most one ^^^^^10145 ``digit'' (equivalent to 500), this should be
% handled the way the macro handled the case of the five thousands ``digit''.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \ifnum\@attic@num>499%
               ^^^^^10145\advance\@attic@num-500%
            \fi\relax
%    \end{macrocode}
% It is time to check hundreds, which follow the same pattern as thousands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \@whilenum\@attic@num>99\do{%
               Η\advance\@attic@num-100}%
%    \end{macrocode}
% A numeral can have only one ^^^^^10144 ``digit'' (equivalent to 50).
%    \begin{macrocode} 
            \ifnum\@attic@num>49%
               ^^^^^10144\advance\@attic@num-50%
            \fi\relax
%    \end{macrocode}
% The macro now checks now for tens digit.
%    \begin{macrocode}         
            \@whilenum\@attic@num>9\do{%
               Δ\advance\@attic@num by-10}%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Finally, it has to check for fives and the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4.
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \@whilenum\@attic@num>4\do{%
               Π\advance\@attic@num-5}%
            \ifcase\@attic@num\or Ι\or ΙΙ\or ΙΙΙ\or ΙΙΙΙ\fi%
   \fi\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
% 
%\begin{macro}{\@atticnum}
% The command |\@atticnum| has one argument, which
% is a counter. It calls the command |\@@atticnum| to process the value of
% the counter.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@atticnum#1{%
     \expandafter\@@atticnum\expandafter{\the#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%\begin{macro}{\atticnum}
% The command |\atticnum| is a wrapper that declares
% a new counter in a local scope, assigns to it the value of the argument of the command
% and calls the macro |\@atticnum|. This way the command can process correctly
% either a number or a counter. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\atticnum#1{%
     \@attic@num#1\relax
     \@atticnum{\@attic@num}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\end{macro}
%
%  \begin{macro}{\greek@alph}
%  \begin{macro}{\greek@Alph}
% Here I redefine the macros |\@alph| and |\@Alph|. First, I define some placeholders
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\latin@alph\@alph
\let\latin@Alph\@Alph
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Then I define the Greek versions; the additional |\expandafter|s
%    are needed in order to make sure the table of contents will be
%    correct (e.g., when there are appendices). 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\greek@alph#1{\expandafter\@greeknumeral\expandafter{\the#1}}
\def\greek@Alph#1{\expandafter\@Greeknumeral\expandafter{\the#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% By default Greek alphabetic enumerals instaed of Latin numerals are used to enumerate items in an
% enumeration environment.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \let\@alph\greek@alph
  \let\@Alph\greek@Alph
%    \end{macrocode}
% If for some reason, one needs to have the Latin numerals back, then she has to invoke command
% |\nogreekalph|. And if she wants to switch back, then she has to use the |\greekalph|
% command:
%    \begin{macrocode}   
\def\nogreekalph{%
  \let\@alph\latin@alph
  \let\@Alph\latin@Alph}
\def\greekalph{%
  \let\@alph\greek@alph
  \let\@Alph\greek@Alph}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%  \end{macro}
%
%  \begin{macro}{\setlanguage}
% We provide the |\setlanguage| command which 
% activates the hypehnation patterns of some other language. It is similar
% to babel's |\selectlanguage|, but we opted to use a new name to avoid any name conflicts. 
% Valid arguments include |monogreek|, |polygreek|, and |ancientgreek|. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\setlanguage#1{%
   \expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax%
   \typeout{^^J Error: No hyphenation pattern for language #1 loaded,}%
   \typeout{ default hyphenation patterns are used.^^J}%
   \language=0%
   \else\language=\csname l@#1\endcsname\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%    The macros |\grtoday| and |\Grtoday| produces the current date, only that the
%    month and the day are shown as greek numerals instead of arabic
%    as it is usually the case. In addition, the two commands differ in that the
%    later produces the Greek numerals in uppercase.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\grtoday{%
  \expandafter\greeknumeral\expandafter{\the\day}\space
  \gr@c@month\space
  \expandafter\greeknumeral\expandafter{\the\year}}
\def\Grtoday{%
  \expandafter\Greeknumeral\expandafter{\the\day}\space
  \gr@c@month\space
  \expandafter\Greeknumeral\expandafter{\the\year}}
%</xgreek>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \Finale