path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/rsc/rsc.dtx

% \iffalse
%<*driver>
% ----------------------------------------------------------------
% The rsc package - BibTeX and macro support for Royal Society
% of Chemistry style articles
% Maintained by Joseph A. Wright
% E-mail: joseph.wright@morningstar2.co.uk
% Released under the GNU General Public License
% See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt
% ----------------------------------------------------------------
\documentclass[a4paper]{ltxdoc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english,UKenglish]{babel}
\usepackage{rsc}
\RecordChanges
\OnlyDescription
\GetFileInfo{rsc.sty}
\title{The \textsf{rsc} package --- A \BibTeX\ style and utilities for
  chemical documents\thanks{This file has version number \fileversion,
  last revised \filedate.}}
\author{Joseph Wright\thanks{E-mail: joseph.wright@morningstar2.co.uk}}
\date{\filedate}
\begin{document}
\DocInput{rsc.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
% \fi
% \CheckSum{169}
% \changes{v1.00}{2006/11/08}{Initial release of packaged rsc.bst}
% \maketitle
%
% \begin{abstract}
%
% The |rsc| package provides a \BibTeX\ style in accordance with the
% requirements of the Royal Society of Chemistry.  It was originally 
% based on the file |pccp.bst|, but also implements a number of styles
% from the |achemso| package.  It also provides a small number of
% chemistry-related macros.
%
% \end{abstract}
%
% \section{Introduction}
%
% Although synthetic chemists do not, in the main, use \LaTeX\ for the
% preparation of journal articles, it would be nice to be able to use
% it for reports.  The package |achemso| provides for a \BibTeX\ style
% and other support for reports in the style of the American Chemical
% Society.  The aim of the |rsc| package is to provide similar support
% for the style favoured by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
%
% In addition to providing the core |rsc.bst| file, this package also 
% generates |rsc-mc.bst|, |rsc.sty| |rsc.tex|.  The file |rsc-mc.bst|
% includes support for the |mcite| package, allowing the generation of
% multiple references.  The macro collection |rsc.sty| provides a few
% useful features not catered for by other chemistry-related packages.
% Finally, |rsc.tex| is a simple template for using the \BibTeX\ 
% styles, including loading some other very useful chemistry packages.
%
% \section{Bibliography design decisions}
%
% Along with almost every \BibTeX\ style file, much of |rsc.bst| is
% inherited from the original \BibTeX\ style files provided by Oren
% Patashnik.  However, while the original styles were designed to be
% flexible, |rsc.bst| is designed to do a single job.  Thus much of the
% original flexibility has been stripped out to give a clearer design.
% This has many be achieved by removing unused functions.
%
% The RSC give only minimal guidance on the design of references other
% than for journal articles. Much of the format of other types of 
% reference is therefore based on current practice in \emph{Dalton 
% Trans.}, \emph{Chem. Commun.} and \emph{Org. Biomol. Chem.} Some of
% this can be contradictory, so I have gone with what I feel is best.
% Please e-mail me if you feel I have got things wrong!
%
% \section{Bibliography usage information}
%
% \subsection{Cross-references}
%
% Unlike most \BibTeX\ styles, |rsc.bst| does not support 
% cross-referencing between references. Using |crossref| will still
% fill in missing information, but will not output ``see ref.~X''.
% The reasoning is simple: this is not what the RSC do.  It is not
% really useful in chemical documents, and adds to the complexity of
% the implementation.
%
% \subsection{Notes}
%
% As in |pccp.bst|, notes are not output for most reference types. 
% The reasoning here is that it is difficult to predict how people will
% want to use notes.  In chemistry, they may be used in several forms,
% for example:
% \begin{itemize}
%   \item See for example: I. V. Gostunskaya, V. S. Petrova, A. I. 
%   Leonava, V. A. Mironava, M. Abubaker, and B. Kazanski,
%   \emph{Neftekhimiya}, 1967, \textbf{7}, 3--8.
%   \item I. V. Gostunskaya, V. S. Petrova, A. I. Leonava, V. A. 
%   Mironava, M. Abubaker, and B. Kazanski, \emph{Neftekhimiya}, 1967,
%   \textbf{7}, 3--8 and references therein.
%   \item I. V. Gostunskaya, V. S. Petrova, A. I. Leonava, V. A. 
%   Mironava, M. Abubaker, and B. Kazanski, \emph{Neftekhimiya}, 1967,
%   \textbf{7}, 3--8 (\emph{Chem. Abs.}, 1967, \textbf{67}, 21276t).
% \end{itemize}
% This is pretty much impossible to handle automatically, especially as
% the format you want might change depending on the report you are
% writing.  So I would recommend using the |misc| type, and doing the
% formatting by hand.  If other people feel the behaviour is not the
% best solution, please e-mail me.
%
% \subsection{Multiple citations}
%
% By default, \BibTeX\ does not handle producing compound references.
% Although it is not perfect, the package |mcite| allows you to
% produce references of the format:
% \begin{enumerate}
%    \item K.~{\"O}fele, \emph{{J}. {O}rganomet. {C}hem.}, 1968,
%    \textbf{12}, P42--P43; C.~D. Abernethy, A.~H. Cowley and R.~A.
%    Jones, \emph{{J}. {O}rganomet. {C}hem.}, 2000, \textbf{596}, 3--5.
% \end{enumerate}
% Although the package only requires a minor modification of the
% \BibTeX\ style file, it seems a good idea to provide one
% automatically.  The file |rsc-mc.bst| is produced with the necessary
% modifications made to |rsc.bst|.  Note that this requires
% |\usepackage{mcite}| in your \LaTeX\ source.
%
% \subsection{Additional entry types}
%
% In order to ensure compatibility with the |achemso| package, the
% non-standard entry types |remark|, |inpress| and |submitted| are
% supported.  The implementation is modelled on |achemso.bst|, but the
% |notes| field is not used for |inpress| and |submitted|.
%
% \section{Additional macros}
%
% \subsection{Overview}
%
% The macros provide by |rsc.sty| are all very simple.  They simply
% fill in a few gaps in the available support for chemists in \LaTeX.
%  Most are built on other, more powerful, packages.  As a result, it
% is best to read the documents for the ``parent'' package to alter the
% handling of the macros given here.
%
% \subsection{Additional units}
%
% The |unitsdef| package provides a great number of easy to use unit
% commands, and handles spacing between numbers and units very well.
% However, it misses out a few useful units for chemistry.  The
% |unitsdef| package is loaded by |rsc.sty|, and is then used to
% provide 5 additional units.
% \DescribeMacro{\Hz}
% The most obvious of these is \cmd{\Hz}, which simply gives \Hz.  The
% |unitsdef| package only defines \cmd{\hertz}, which is not as 
% obvious.
% \DescribeMacro{\mmHg}
% The command \cmd{\mmHg} has a non-breaking thin space, leading to
% \mmHg.
% \DescribeMacro{\molar}
% \DescribeMacro{\Molar}
% Two related commands are given for concentration: \cmd{\molar}
% gives \molar, whilst \cmd{\Molar} gives \Molar.
% \DescribeMacro{\cmc}
% Finally, the command \cmd{\cmc} is provided for generating \cmc.  All
% space correctly with numbers, so inputting |10\cmc| gives 10\cmc,
% with a non-breaking space.
%
%\subsection{The standard state symbol}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\standardstate}
% Related to, but not exactly a unit is the \cmd{\standardstate}
% command.  This generates the tricky \standardstate\ symbol, letting
% you put |$\Delta S \standardstate$| to generate $\Delta S 
%\standardstate$.  Note that this is safe in text and maths mode.
%
% \subsection{Alkyl radicals}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\iPr}
% \DescribeMacro{\iBu}
% \DescribeMacro{\tBu}
% There are a few alkyl radicals, that come up all of the time.  No one
% seems to have put these into a package, so they are provided here.  
% As you would expect, \cmd{\iPr} gives \iPr, \cmd{iBu} gives \iBu\ and
% \cmd{\tBu} gives \tBu.  These are in the style most commonly seen in
% RSC journals.
%
% \subsection{Floating schemes}
%
% A number of approaches can be taken to redefining all float
% types in a consistent manner (I know, I've tried several!).
% In the end, the easiest method seems to be to use an ``internal''
% float type in the package, and then define a related environment to
% present to the user.  As a result, this part of the package is by
% far the most complex.
%
% \DescribeEnv{scheme}
% The |float| package allows new float types to be defined.  This is
% used to create a |scheme| environment, which works very much like the
% |figure| environment.    In contrast to the \LaTeX\ default, all
% float types are defined to be ``here'' if possible by default, 
% then float to the top of the page.  This is usually what chemists
% expect to happen. All the float types are also defined to take one
% optional argument to over-ride the provided placement behaviour.
% The most likely use is to put |[H]| to force a float to be ``here'',
% absolutely.  So for example, we might have:
% \begin{verbatim}
% Some text about \ref{sch1}, which will appear directly under this
% paragraph and will not float at all!
% \begin{scheme}[H]
%   \includegraphics{scheme1}%
%   \caption{An exciting reaction, placed HERE}.%
%   \label{sch1}
% \end{scheme}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% In addition to providing the floats, referencing to schemes, figures
% and tables is formatted using the |varioref| package, to give
% references such as ``Scheme 1'', ``Table 2'', \emph{etc.} from
% simple \cmd{\ref} commands.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\listofschemes}
% A listing command for schemes \cmd{\lisofschemes}, is provided in
% analogy to \cmd{\listoffigures}.  It takes one optional argument to
% alter the title of the list.  The \cmd{\listoffigures} and 
%\cmd{\listoftables} commands are redefined to act in the same way.
%
% A number of  package options are provided to alter the handling of
% the floating environments.  By default, the float contents are
% centred on the page. The option |floatleft| (also shortened to |fl|)
% is available to produce the standard \LaTeX\ behaviour of
% left-aligned floats.  Captions are also centred by default, but may
% be left-aligned using the |captionleft| (|cl|) option.  The format of
% the labels once again follows the RSC house style. Finally, schemes
% may be numbered within chapters by using the |chapter| option.
% This is obviously provided for theses and other very long documents.
%
% \iffalse
%<*template>
% \fi
%
% \section{A \LaTeX\ template}
%
% This is a very simple template for chemistry-related documents.  The
% |cite| package is loaded to give the correct appearance for
% reference numbers. The |babel| system is used to give UK hyphenation.
% As well as the macros given in this package as |rsc|, the packages
% |bpchem| and |mhchem| are loaded, as both provide useful support for
% the chemist.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english,UKenglish]{babel}
\usepackage[super]{cite}
\usepackage[version=3]{mhchem}
\usepackage{rsc}            % Package options are chapter, fl and cl
\usepackage{bpchem,mcite}
\begin{document}
\bibliography{refs}         % Change this to your reference database!
\bibliographystyle{rsc-mc}  % Change to rsc if you don't
\end{document}              % want multiple citations
%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</template>
% \fi
%
% \StopEventually{}
%
% \iffalse
%<*package>
% \fi
% \section{The package code}
%
% The style file |rsc.bst| stands on its own, and |rsc-mc.bst| only
% needs the |mcite| in order to function correctly.  However, a few
% extra commands are useful for chemists, and are not available
% elsewhere (to my knowledge).  So this seems a good place to define
% them.  The code is all very simple, but for the interested reader
% is provided here.
%
% First of all, the package identifies itself and loads other packages
% needed to function.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{rsc}[2006/11/08 v1.0 Useful chemistry functions]
\RequirePackage{unitsdef,graphicx,amssymb,fixltx2e,float,varioref}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The package provides three options, all of which relate to float
% handling. The necessary precautions are taken here.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifRSC@floatcentre\RSC@floatcentretrue
\DeclareOption{floatleft}{\global\RSC@floatcentrefalse}
\DeclareOption{fl}{\global\RSC@floatcentrefalse}
\newif\ifRSC@captioncentre\RSC@captioncentretrue
\DeclareOption{captionleft}{\global\RSC@captioncentrefalse}
\DeclareOption{cl}{\global\RSC@captioncentrefalse}
\newif\ifRSC@chapter\RSC@chapterfalse
\DeclareOption{chapter}{\global\RSC@chaptertrue}
\ProcessOptions
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% A few additional unit types are provides, which the |unitsdef|
% package omits for some reason.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newunit{\cubiccentimeter}{\cm\unitsuperscript{3}}
\newcommand*{\cmc}{\cubiccentimeter}
\newcommand*{\Hz}{\hertz}
\newunit{\Molar}{\textsc{m}}
\newunit{\molar}{\mole\unitsep\dm\unitsuperscript{--3}}
\newunit{\mmHg}{mm\unitsep{}Hg}
%    \end{macrocode}
% In a very similar vein, the ``standard state'' symbol is handy. This
% is produced by rotating a symbol from the AMS set.  Note that the
% rotation angle here has been carefully checked, but is set by eye!
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*{\standardstate}%
  {\textsuperscript{\rotatebox[origin=c]{140.8}%
  {\ensuremath{\varnothing}}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Next we provide alkyl radical symbols, in a convenient form.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*{\iPr}{Pr\textsuperscript{i}}
\newcommand*{\iBu}{Bu\textsuperscript{i}}
\newcommand*{\tBu}{Bu\textsuperscript{t}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The final task is to create a new float for chemical schemes.
% In order to maintain consistency, we also redefine the table and
% figure environments.  This is done by first creating ``internal''
% float types, then formatting these.  The need for numbering
% within chapters is also handled at this stage.
% If there are no chapters the fall-back is simply to ignore the
% request!
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifRSC@chapter
  \ifx\chapter\@undefined
     \@latex@warning{No chapters in this document}
     \newfloat{Scheme}{htbp}{los}
     \newfloat{Figure}{htbp}{lof}
     \newfloat{Table}{htbp}{lot}
  \else
     \newfloat{Scheme}{htbp}{los}[chapter]
     \newfloat{Figure}{htbp}{lof}[chapter]
     \newfloat{Table}{htbp}{lot}[chapter]
  \fi
\else
  \newfloat{Scheme}{htbp}{los}
  \newfloat{Figure}{htbp}{lof}
  \newfloat{Table}{htbp}{lot}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% Next the correct naming is set up for the captions.
% Note that figures are referred to simply as ``Fig.''
%    \begin{macrocode}
\floatname{Scheme}{Scheme}
\floatname{Table}{Table}
\floatname{Figure}{Fig.}
%    \end{macrocode}
% The format of the captions needs to be altered to look
% right.  This is achieved by redefining \cmd{\floatc@plain}.
% We first check if we are asked for left-aligned labels, and act
% accordingly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifRSC@captioncentre
  \renewcommand\floatc@plain[2]%
    {\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\textbf{{\@fs@cfont #1}}\quad #2}%
    \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa>\hsize {\textbf{\@fs@cfont #1}}\quad #2\par
      \else\hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}\fi}
\else
  \renewcommand\floatc@plain[2]{\textbf{{\@fs@cfont #1}}\quad #2}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% We now test if we want centred or left-aligned floating content.
% This is achieved by using environments with the correct alignment
% options.  We allow an optional argument to cover the use of the |[H]|
% placement option.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifRSC@floatcentre
  \newenvironment{scheme}[1][htbp]{\begin{Scheme}[#1]\centering}
    {\end{Scheme}}
  \renewenvironment{figure}[1][htbp]{\begin{Figure}[#1]\centering}
    {\end{Figure}}
  \renewenvironment{table}[1][htbp]{\begin{Table}[#1]\centering}
    {\end{Table}}
\else	
  \newenvironment{scheme}[1][htbp]{\begin{Scheme}[#1]\flushleft}
    {\end{Scheme}}
  \renewenvironment{figure}[1][htbp]{\begin{Figure}[#1]\flushleft}
    {\end{Figure}}
  \renewenvironment{table}[1][htbp]{\begin{Table}[#1]\flushleft}
    {\end{Table}}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% A new |\listofschemes| command is needed, in analogy to
% |\listoffigures|.  An optional argument is provided so the
% list can be renamed easily.  The related commands for tables and
% figures are redefined, as we are using |Figure| not |figure| and
% |Table| not |table|!
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand*{\listofschemes}[1][List of Schemes]%
    {\listof{Scheme}{#1}}
\renewcommand*{\listoffigures}[1][List of Figures]%
    {\listof{Figure}{#1}}
\renewcommand*{\listoftables}[1][List of Tables]%
    {\listof{Table}{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Finally, the naming for cross-references is sorted out properly,
% using the |varioref| package.  The correct format is that the
% references start with capital letters. Notice that figures are a bit
% different from everything else!
%    \begin{macrocode}
\labelformat{Scheme}{Scheme~#1}
\labelformat{Figure}{Fig.~#1}
\labelformat{Table}{Table~#1}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</package>
% \fi
% \section{The style files}
%
% Much of the following is lifted more or less directly from
% the standard style files, the |custom-bib| package or \emph{Taming
% the BeaST}. Commenting is therefore limited to the notable
% alterations.  Note that most of the code is shared by |rsc.bst| and
% |rsc-mc.bst|.
% \iffalse
%<*bib|bib-mc>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    doi
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
  }
  {}
  { label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence }
INTEGERS { after.block after.item author.or.editor }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
  #4 'after.item :=
}

FUNCTION {add.comma}
{ duplicate$
  #-1 #1 substring$ "}" =
      { #-2 #1024 substring$ ";} " * }
      { ", " * }
  if$
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
    { add.comma write$
      newline$
      "\newblock " write$
    }
    { output.state before.all =
        'write$
        { output.state after.item =
        { " " * write$ }
          { add.period$ " " * write$ }
        if$
        }
        if$
      }
    if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "Empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem{" write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib|bib-mc>
% \fi
% The |fin.entry| function is dependant on whether |mcite| is in use.
% First the standard function is given.
% \iffalse
%<*bib>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib>
% \fi
% Then the alternative for use in |rsc-mc|.
% \iffalse
%<*bib-mc>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ write$
  "\relax" write$
  newline$
  "\relax" write$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib-mc>
% \fi
% The shared code now continues.
% \iffalse
%<*bib|bib-mc>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {boldface}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {paren}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "(" swap$ * ")" * }
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% As in |custom-bib|, the bulk of the literal stings are collected up
% here to make editing easier.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
{ "ch." }

FUNCTION {bbl.ed}
{ "ed. " }

FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
{ "edn." }

FUNCTION {bbl.inpress}
{ "in press" }

FUNCTION {bbl.msc}
{ "M.Sc. thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.page}
{ "p." }

FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
{ "pp." }

FUNCTION {bbl.phd}
{ "Ph.D. thesis" }

FUNCTION {bbl.submitted}
{ "submitted for publication" }

FUNCTION {bbl.techreport}
{ "Technical Report" }

FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
{ "vol."}

FUNCTION {bbl.first}
{ "1st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.second}
{ "2nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.third}
{ "3rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
{ "4th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
{ "5th" }

FUNCTION {bbl.st}
{ "st" }

FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
{ "nd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
{ "rd" }

FUNCTION {bbl.th}
{ "th" }

%    \end{macrocode}
% The following is lifted from |custom-bib|, and gives automatic
% ordinal numbers from plain input.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {eng.ord}
{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
     { bbl.th * }
     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
       duplicate$ "1" =
         { pop$ bbl.st * }
         { duplicate$ "2" =
             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
             { "3" =
                 { bbl.rd * }
                 { bbl.th * }
               if$
             }
           if$
          }
       if$
     }
   if$
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% The next two functions are again from |custom-bib|.  They are used
% later for formatting patent numbers.
%    \begin{macrocode}

FUNCTION {is.num}
{ chr.to.int$
  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
}

FUNCTION {extract.num}
{ duplicate$ 't :=
  "" 's :=
  { t empty$ not }
  { t #1 #1 substring$
    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    duplicate$ is.num
      { s swap$ * 's := }
      { pop$ "" 't := }
    if$
  }
  while$
  s empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$ s }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
{ swap$
  duplicate$ missing$
    {
      pop$ pop$
      ""
    }
    { duplicate$ empty$
        {
          swap$ pop$
        }
        { swap$
          pop$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {convert.edition}
{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
  s "first" = s "1" = or
    { bbl.first 't := }
    { s "second" = s "2" = or
        { bbl.second 't := }
        { s "third" = s "3" = or
            { bbl.third 't := }
            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
                { bbl.fourth 't := }
                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
                        { s eng.ord 't := }
                        { edition 't := }
                      if$
                    }
                  if$
                }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  t
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {space.connect}
{ " "
  swap$ * *
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
    { namesleft #1 >
        { ", " * t * }
        { numnames #2 >
        { "" * }
        'skip$
            if$
          t "others" =
          { " \emph{et~al.}" * }
          { " and " * t * }
            if$
        }
      if$
      }
    't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { #1 'author.or.editor :=
      author format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { #2 'author.or.editor :=
      bbl.ed *
      editor format.names
    }
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% Two functions from Nicolas Markey for determining whether an
% arbitrary string is an integer.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION{is.a.digit}
{
  duplicate$ "" =
    {pop$ #0}
    {chr.to.int$ #48 - duplicate$
     #0 < swap$ #9 > or not}
  if$
}

FUNCTION{is.a.number}
{
  {duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.a.digit }
    {#2 global.max$ substring$}
  while$
  "" =
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% |n.separate| is given in the |custom-bib| package.  The following
% function is modified to separate out a number of any length into
% digit groups, \emph{e.g.} 12345 turns into 12\,345, 1234567 in
% 1\,234\,567 but 1234 or a12345 are left alone.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {n.separate.multi}
{ 't :=
  ""
  #0 'numnames :=
%    \end{macrocode}
% This is the key line: the test is that the sting is both
% at least 5 digits long and is an integer.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  t text.length$ #4 > t is.a.number and
    {
      { t empty$ not }
      { t #-1 #1 substring$ is.num
          { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
          { #0 'numnames := }
        if$
        t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
        t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        numnames #4 =
          { duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ swap$
            #2 global.max$ substring$
            "\," swap$ * *
            #1 'numnames :=
          }
          'skip$
        if$
      }
      while$
    }
    { t swap$ * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title.noemph}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { title }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { title emphasize }
  if$
}


FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
{ booktitle title empty$
    { "" }
    { booktitle emphasize }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
    { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
        { "--" *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
        {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
        { "-" *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
          while$
        }
      if$
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
    { "" }
    { year }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bdate}
{ year empty$
    { "There's no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'year
  if$
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "Can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
    { series field.or.null }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
        { "no." }
        { "No." }
      if$
      number tie.or.space.connect
      series empty$
        { "There's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
        { " in " * series * }
      if$
    }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition duplicate$ empty$
    'skip$
    { convert.edition
      bbl.edition bibinfo.check
      " " * bbl.edition *
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
      { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
      { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
    if$
    }
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% The next function is used for page numbers which be be present and 
% have ``p.'' or ``pp.'' added.
%    \begin{macrocode}

FUNCTION {format.pages.required}
{ pages empty$
    { ""
      "There are no page numbers for " cite$ * warning$
      output
    }
    { pages multi.page.check
      { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
      { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
    if$
    }
  if$
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Even if no volume is given, the RSC does not use ``p.'' or
% ``pp.'' for journal articles.  So two page formatting functions
% are needed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {format.pages.nopp}
{ pages empty$
    { ""
      "There are no page numbers for " cite$ * warning$
      output
    }
    { pages multi.page.check
      { pages n.dashify space.connect }
      { pages space.connect }
    if$
    }
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% Patent numbers have special formatting, including
% digit grouping.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {format.pages.patent}
{ pages empty$
    { "There is no patent number for " cite$ * warning$ }
    { pages multi.page.check
      { pages n.dashify }
      { pages n.separate.multi }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol.pages}
{ volume boldface field.or.null
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ format.pages.required }
    { ", " * pages n.dashify * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
    { bbl.chapter }
    { type "l" change.case$ }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.connect
      pages empty$
    'skip$
    { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
    { "in " booktitle emphasize * }
    { "in " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.title.ed}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
      { " in " title emphasize * }
      { " in " title emphasize * ", " * format.editors * }
    if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle.ed}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
      { " in " booktitle emphasize * }
      { " in " booktitle emphasize * ", " * format.editors * }
    if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.pub.address}
{ publisher empty$
    { "" }
    { address empty$
        { publisher }
        { publisher ", " * address *}
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.doi.note}
{ doi empty$ note empty$ and
    { "Need either a note or DOI for " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      type emphasize
    }
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% The main style functions are now given in alphabetical
% order.  Cross-referenced functions are given at the end.
% Notice that the \BibTeX\ |crossref| system is not used, as
% this is not how the RSC give references (it is not really needed
% for chemistry).
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  journal emphasize "journal" output.check
  format.date "year" output.check
  volume empty$
  { ""
    format.pages.nopp output
  }
  { format.vol.pages output }
  if$
  fin.entry
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% For a book, we have to have an editor or an author.  This is
% tested for here.  If both are present, only the author is used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.title "title" output.check
      editor empty$
      { "Need either an author or editor for " cite$ * warning$ }
      { "" format.editors * "editor" output.check }
    if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      "author and editor" editor either.or.check
      format.title "title" output.check
    }
  if$
  format.pub.address "publisher" output.check
  format.edition output
  format.bdate "year" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  format.title "title" output.check
  howpublished output
  address output
  format.date output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.title "title" output.check
      editor empty$
      { "Need at least an author or an editor for " cite$ * warning$ }
      { "" format.editors * "editor" output.check }
    if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      format.in.title.ed "title" output.check
    }
  if$
  format.pub.address "publisher" output.check
  format.edition output
  format.bdate "year" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
  fin.entry
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% As the RSC do not use chapter titles, this is almost
% identical to inbook.  We only have to swap the field 'title'
% for 'booktitle'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      editor empty$
      { "Need at least an author or an editor for " cite$ * warning$ }
      { "" format.editors * "editor" output.check }
    if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      format.in.booktitle.ed "booktitle" output.check
    }
  if$
  format.pub.address "publisher" output.check
  format.edition output
  format.bdate "year" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
  fin.entry
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% A non-standard type, for compatibility with |achmeso|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {inpress}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  journal emphasize "journal" output.check
  bbl.inpress output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  booktitle "booktitle" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
      'skip$
      { organization output.nonnull
        address output
      }
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
  if$
  format.title "title" output.check
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
      { address output }
      'skip$
    if$
    }
    { organization output
      address output
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
  format.date output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  bbl.msc emphasize format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  format.title output
  howpublished output
  format.bdate output
  note output
  fin.entry
  empty.misc.check
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% Although patent is not a standard \BibTeX\ entry type, it is
% very useful to have it available.  It is also aliased as
% ``other''.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {patent}
{ output.bibitem
  organization empty$
    { format.authors "author and organization" output.check }
    { author empty$
        { organization }
        {  format.authors organization paren space.connect }
      if$
      "author and organization" output.check
    }
  if$
  journal emphasize "journal" output.check
  format.pages.patent "pages" output.check
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  bbl.phd emphasize format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.title.noemph "title" output.check
  address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% A non-standard type, for compatibility with |achmeso|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {remark}
{ output.bibitem
  note "note" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {submitted}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  bbl.submitted output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  format.title "title" output.check
  institution
%    \end{macrocode}
% At this point, we combined the institution,
% report type and number as the RSC style suggests.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  type empty$
    'bbl.techreport
    'type
  if$
  space.connect
  number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
  output.nonnull
  format.pub.address output
  format.date "year" output.check
  fin.entry
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% For unpublished works, the note is used unless
% there is a DOI.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  journal empty$
    'skip$
    { journal emphasize "journal" output.check }
  if$
  doi empty$
    {  note output }
    {  format.date output
       "DOI:" doi tie.or.space.connect output }
  if$
  fin.entry
  empty.doi.note
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% The following are all cross-referenced to
% other types, so are grouped in one block.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {conference} {inproceedings}

FUNCTION {other} {patent}

FUNCTION {default.type} {misc}

MACRO {jan} {"January"}
MACRO {feb} {"February"}
MACRO {mar} {"March"}
MACRO {apr} {"April"}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"June"}
MACRO {jul} {"July"}
MACRO {aug} {"August"}
MACRO {sep} {"September"}
MACRO {oct} {"October"}
MACRO {nov} {"November"}
MACRO {dec} {"December"}

READ

STRINGS { longest.label }

INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #1 'number.label :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
}

FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
  label width$ longest.label.width >
    { label 'longest.label :=
      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
    }
    'skip$
  if$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {longest.label.pass}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib|bib-mc>
% \fi
% Once again, there is a variation in what is needed, depending
% on whether |mcite| is to be used.  First the standard functon.
% \iffalse
%<*bib>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" * write$ newline$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib>
% \fi
% Then the alternative for |mcite|.
% \iffalse
%<*bib-mc>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{mcbibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" * write$ newline$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib-mc>
% \fi
% Back with shared code.
% \iffalse
%<*bib|bib-mc>
%\fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib|bib-mc>
% \fi
% The final variations for |mcite|.
% \iffalse
%<*bib>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib>
% \fi
% |mcite| version.
% \iffalse
%<*bib-mc>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{mcbibliography}" write$ newline$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib-mc>
% \fi
% Finish off
% \iffalse
%<*bib|bib-mc>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
EXECUTE {end.bib}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</bib|bib-mc>
% \fi
% Phew, all done!
% \PrintChanges
% \Finale
% \end{document}
\endinput