path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/rrgtrees/rrgtrees.dtx

% \iffalse meta-comment
%% rrgtrees.dtx.  Copyright (c) D. J. Gardner 2001-2004
%
% This program may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in
%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%
% This program consists of the files rrgtrees.dtx and rrgtrees.ins

% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
%
% Changes:
% Dec 2001: Current codebase finished
% Jul 2002: Try making dtx file. Give up with lack of time, examples and docs.
% Nov 2004: Have another go, and succeed. Add |\SEML| command.
%

% \CharacterTable
%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%<*driver>
\documentclass[draft]{ltxdoc}
\DeclareRobustCommand\package[1]{\textsf{#1}}
\usepackage{rrgtrees}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{a4paper,hmargin=2cm,vmargin=2cm,nohead}
\begin{document}
\title{\textsf{RRG trees} package\\Version \rrgversion\small\rrgversiondate}
\author{D.J.Gardner}\date{Document date: \rrgdocversiondate}\maketitle
\DeclareRobustCommand\package[1]{\textsf{#1}}
\DocInput{rrgtrees.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
%<*package>
% \fi
% \StopEventually{}
\def\rrgversion{1.1}
\def\rrgversiondate{Nov 14 2004}
\def\rrgdocversiondate{Dec 14 2004}
% \iffalse meta-comment
%</package>
% \fi
%
%\section{Introduction}
%This package provides a simplified interface to pstricks module pst-tree 
%for drawing the complex syntactic trees found in RRG.
%
%Role and Reference Grammar is a grammatical (syntactic) theory of human
%language that, unlike certain other theories, does not make every language
%look like English. It also acknowledges that certain syntactic phenomena
%cannot be accounted for except by reference to semantic and pragmatic
%considerations. As such is well suited to the analysis of
%languages with features like: free word order; interesting split
%ergative/accusative systems; pragmatic and/or semantic case assignment;
%switch-reference systems
%and minority languages in general. For further details, see e.g.
%``Syntax'', Van Valin and LaPolla, Cambridge University Press:Cambridge
%1993. 
%
%In \LaTeX\ terms, the most challenging aspect of it is that it allows (nay,
%rejoices in having!) syntactic trees which have lines that cross, and also
%has an ``operator projection'' that is a distinct representation from the
%syntactic tree of clause, NPs, etc. While it would be possible to draw
%these with a graphics package, the nice features of \LaTeX\ that might
%allow the tree to self-scale to the document font, and adjust its
%parameters depending on the font used and which words are to be displayed
%would be lost. Such diagrams are not easy to
%construct using the \package{pst-tree} (part of pstricks) macros, but are
%possible by carefully combining \package{pst-tree} with some
%\package{pst-node} commands. The flexibility of \package{pst-tree} in
%allowing any number of decendent nodes, unlike other tree packages I've
%found, is clearly important for ease of use with language data.
%This package aims to make RRG trees far easier to construct than would be
%possible using the raw commands.
%
%The package also provides macros for displaying and typesetting other 
%representations used in RRG, such as the \pred{pred}() style of elements
%used in logical structures.
%
%\section{Drawing Basic Trees}
%An attempt has been made to make the commands for drawing trees and
%tree-elements relatively simple, while allowing flexibility. If the full
%flexibility of the \package{pst-node} and \package{pst-tree} commands is required, there
%should be no problem of mixing those in, indeed some complex constructions
%will need to use direct \package{pst-node} and \package{pst-tree} commands.
%
%It may be helpful to think of the commands as being divided between two
%categories: tree-building and line drawing; or alternatively between the
%operator projection commands, and the syntactic structure commands.
%Actually these two are pretty much orthogonal, and thus we have four
%groups of commands, although there is considerable fuzziness at the edges
%(e.g. line drawing commands which also include tree building elements, and
%tree elements that require some line drawing).
%
%\subsection{Basic Commands}
%The following example produces the layered structure for
%`the cat walked to the mat', but marks the final PP as unanalysed with a
%triangle.  Normal font changing commands work and
%the separation between levels and nodes of the tree may be changed using
%the normal pst-tree settings. In the example, the left-hand version was
%produced by preceeding the commands with \verb+\psset{treesep=2ex}+, 
%the right-hand by preceeding them with 
%\verb+\small\bfseries+ \verb+\psset{treesep=2ex+, \verb+levelsep=3em}+.
%
%\begin{center}
%\DeleteShortVerb{\|}
%\begin{tabular}{p{0.33\textwidth}c|c}
%\begin{verbatim}
%\CLAUSE{
%  \CORE{
%    \OPR{2}{the}
%    \ARG{\WORD(NP){cat}}
%    \NUC{walked}
%    \AAJ{
%      \FanEnd{PP}{to the mat}
%    }
%  }
%}
%\end{verbatim}&
%\psset{treesep=2ex}
%\CLAUSE{
%  \CORE{
%    \OPR{2}{the}
%    \ARG{\WORD(NP){cat}}
%    \NUC{walked}
%    \AAJ{\FanEnd{PP}{to the mat}}
%  }
%}~~~
%&
%\small\bfseries
%\psset{treesep=2ex,levelsep=3em}
%~~~\CLAUSE{
%  \CORE{
%    \OPR{2}{the}
%    \ARG{\WORD(NP){cat}}
%    \NUC{walked}
%    \AAJ{\FanEnd{PP}{to the mat}}
%  }
%}
%\\
%\end{tabular}
%\end{center}
%The commands \verb+\WORD+ and \verb+\NUC+ may optionally be followed by an
%operator projection (see section~\ref{OP}), \verb+\FanEnd+ may not.
%\verb+\NUC+ also has an optional argument 
%which allows the user to specify
%non-verb predicating elements, e.g.~\verb+\NUC[ADJ]{green}+. \verb+\OPR+
%is used to make operators, which have no drawn link to the layered
%structure. It takes two required arguments --- the number of levels/layers
%that should be skipped and the word itself --- and an optional argument
%which is a node name.  See section~\ref{OP} for further details.
%
%\verb+\FanEnd+ and \verb+\CORE+ type commands accept an optional argument that
%specifies the node name for the \Core\ label.  In the case of
%\verb+\FanEnd+, this label applies to the text at the top of the triangle.
%Other commands that behave in a similar manner to 
%\verb+\CORE+ are: \verb+\SENTENCE+, \verb+\CLAUSE+, \verb+\PP+,
%\verb+\NP+, \verb+\NCORE+,  and \verb+\NNUC+.
%
%By some devious trickery, \verb+\FanEnd+ may (in addition to the label) have
%either two or three arguments. If two arguments are given, as in the
%example, the the triangle or fan goes one level deep. If three arguments
%are given, then the first argument specifies how many levels deep the fan
%should be. I.e either \{top\}\{text\} or \{levels\}\{top\}\{text\} may be
%specified. 
%If for some reason fine adjustments are needed to make the text
%marking the fan line up with the rest of the sentence, the macro
%\verb+\rrgfantweak+ may be altered from the default of -1pt. 
%
%\subsection{Periphery and Complementisers}
%A periphery element may be added using any of four commands, depending on which
%side (left or right) it is of the relevant core it is to modify,
%and whether the
%label `\Periphery' should be positioned at a set distance 
%from the core or whether it should be positioned normally above its
%decendant nodes. 
%
%The `fixed offset' commands are \verb+\LPERIPH+ and \verb+\RPERIPH+, the
%`right angle' commands \verb+\lPERIPH+, \verb+\rPERIPH+,  for left and
%right respectively.
%
%The right angle commands take three required arguments: the number of
%levels/layers to skip, the label for the upper node, and a tree.
%The fixed distance commands have an additional argument specifying
%the distance from the modified core.  All periphery aelements may have an
%optional argument to specify the core to  which they should apply. If this is
%used, then the relevant core should be labeled also, but with a prepended
%`CORE', as in the example below.
%Often it is more pleasing to have the periphery decended from an upper
%invisible node (created by \verb+\TOP+) than to have it distort the tree to
%which it logically belongs. 
%
%\begin{tabular}{p{0.5\textwidth}c}
%\begin{verbatim}
%\psset{treesep=2ex}
%\TOP{
%  \OPR{4}{the}
%  \CLAUSE{
%    \CORE[COREa]{
%      \ARG{\WORD(NP){cat}}
%      \NUC{walked}
%      \AAJ{\FanEnd{PP}{to the mat}}
%    }
%    \rPERIPH[a]{2}{PP}{\WORD{on the floor}}
%  }
%}
%\dolinks
%\end{verbatim}
%&
%\psset{treesep=2ex}
%\TOP{
%  \OPR{4}{the}
%  \CLAUSE{
%    \CORE[COREa]{
%      \ARG{\WORD(NP){cat}}
%      \NUC{walked}
%      \AAJ{\FanEnd{PP}{to the mat}}
%    }
%  }
%  \rPERIPH[a]{3}{PP}{\WORD{on the floor}}
%}
%\dolinks
%\\
%\end{tabular}
%
%Complementisers (or clause linkage markers) are basicly of the same form as
%the periphery command, except they do not have a tree argument. On the
%assumption that these usually come before the linked element, there is also
%a short form: \verb+\CMPL+. which is the same as \verb+\lCMPL+. If a
%[label] argument is given, this should be the exact label of the core or
%clause node which the \verb+\CMPL+ modifies. The default is to label the
%item \CMPLtext, but changing \verb+\CMPLtext+ will have immediate effect.
%
%Note that the final command in the example is \verb+\dolinks+. This command
%draws the parts of any periphery and complementisers that were not drawn by
%the commands themselves. It should come after all linked nodes have been
%defined but before the next page break.
%\subsection{Tree Labeling Commands}
%The following table gives the commands that are used in labeling the tree,
%with their default definitions and result. The commands may of course be
%used in the main text and redefined as necessary.:
%\begin{center}
%\begin{tabular}{lll}
%\verb+\Sentence+&\verb+{\scshape Sentence}+&\Sentence\\
%\verb+\Clause+&\verb+{\scshape Clause}+&\Clause\\
%\verb+\Core+&\verb+{\scshape Core}+&\Core\\
%\verb+\Conj+&\verb+{\scshape Conj}+&\Conj\\
%\verb+\CMPLtext+&\verb+{\scshape cmpl}+&\CMPLtext\\
%\verb+\Nuc+&\verb+{\scshape Nuc}+&\Nuc\\
%\verb+\Arg+&\verb+{\scshape Arg}+&\Arg\\
%\verb+\aaj+&\verb+{\scshape AAJ}+&\aaj\\
%\verb+\pp+&\verb+{\scshape PP}+&\pp\\
%\verb+\np+&\verb+{\scshape NP}+&\np\\
%\verb+\Periphery+&\verb+{\scshape Periphery}+&\Periphery\\
%\end{tabular}
%\end{center}
%\subsection{The Operator Projection}\label{OP}
%The RRG projection decends below the text line.  In this package there are
%three main commands concerned with the operator projection: \verb+\OP+,
%\verb+\OPJoin+ and \verb+\LINK+ (which also has variants \verb+\LLINK+,
%\verb+\RLINK+, \verb+\lLINK+ and \verb+\rLINK+, corresponding to the
%\verb+\CMPL+ commands). \verb+\OP+
%is used to draw (and label) the operator layers below verbs and nouns;
%\verb+\OPJoin+ is used in complex sentences to join two such stacks
%together and start a new stack of operator layers (positioned half-way
%between the two); and
%\verb+\LINK+ draws perpendicular links from operators to these layers,
%labeling them as specified. As expected, \verb+\LLINK+ and \verb+\RLINK+
%place their text a specified distance from the node in the tree to which
%they join. 
%
%Due to the way that the \package{pst-tree} commands work, \verb+\OPJoin+
%cannot be used within any tree structure, and also it has not been possible
%thus far to automatically add to the height of the picture in an accurate
%manner.  Thus some calculation is needed to account for extra depth of the
%structure that \verb+\OPJoin+ adds. The extra height it is necessary to
%allow for at the bottom of the figure is ((2$+$operator levels in this
%stack) $-$ Maximum number of operators in other stacks)$\times$\verb+\rrgoprsep+.
%
%In the case that an operator should decend from only part of a word (e.g.
%an affix) or from a non-word position (e.g. the beginning or end of the text),
%the \textsf{pst-node} commands \verb+\pnode+ and \verb+\Rnode+.
%should be used.  The following example and the 
%table of arguments in the section~\ref{toa} should make things clearer.
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{center}
%\psset{treesep=2ex}
%\TOP{
%\OPR[DEFa]{5}{the}
%\CLAUSE{
%  \CORE{
%    \CORE[COREa]{
%      \ARG{
%        \NP{
%          \WORD{cat}{
%           \OP{N}{\OP{\Nuc\subN}{\OP{\Core\subN}{\OP[cat]{\np}}}}
%          }
%        }
%      }
%      \LINK{DEFa}{cat}{DEF}
%      \OPR[might]{2}{\pnode{IF}might}
%      \OPR[not]{2}{not}
%      \NUC{forget}{\OP{V}{\OP{\Nuc}{\OP[forgetcore]{\Core}}}}
%    }
%    \CMPL[COREb]{3}{to}
%    \CORE[COREb]{
%      \NUC{eat}{\OP{V}{\OP{\Nuc}{\OP[eatcore]{\Core}}}} 
%      \OPR[DEFb]{2}{the}
%      \ARG{
%        \NP{
%          \WORD{rat}{
%           \OP{N}{\OP{\Nuc\subN}{\OP{\Core\subN}{\OP[rat]{\np}}}}
%          }
%          \LINK{DEFb}{rat}{DEF}
%        }
%      }
%    }
%  }
%}
%\rPERIPH{4}{ADV}{\WORD{tomorrow}}
%}
%\OPJoin{forgetcore}{eatcore}{\OP[a]{\Core}{
%        \OP[b]{\Clause}{\OP[c]{\Clause}{\OP[d]{\Clause}}}}}
%\LINK{might}{b}{MOD}
%\LINK{not}{a}{NEG}
%\LLINK{8em}{IF}{d}{IF}
%\LINK{IF}{c}{TNS}
%\dolinks
%\vspace{6\rrgoprsep}
%\end{center}
%\end{verbatim}
%
%\begin{center}
%\psset{treesep=2ex}
%\TOP{
%\OPR[DEFa]{5}{the}
%\CLAUSE{
%  \CORE{
%    \CORE[COREa]{
%      \ARG{
%        \NP{
%          \WORD{cat}{
%           \OP{N}{\OP{\Nuc\subN}{\OP{\Core\subN}{\OP[cat]{\np}}}}
%          }
%        }
%      }
%      \LINK{DEFa}{cat}{DEF}
%      \OPR[might]{2}{\pnode{IF}might}
%      \OPR[not]{2}{not}
%      \NUC{forget}{\OP{V}{\OP{\Nuc}{\OP[forgetcore]{\Core}}}}
%    }
%    \CMPL[COREb]{3}{to}
%    \CORE[COREb]{
%      \NUC{eat}{\OP{V}{\OP{\Nuc}{\OP[eatcore]{\Core}}}} 
%      \OPR[DEFb]{2}{the}
%      \ARG{
%        \NP{
%          \WORD{rat}{
%           \OP{N}{\OP{\Nuc\subN}{\OP{\Core\subN}{\OP[rat]{\np}}}}
%          }
%          \LINK{DEFb}{rat}{DEF}
%        }
%      }
%    }
%  }
%}
%\rPERIPH{4}{ADV}{\WORD{tomorrow}}
%}
%\OPJoin{forgetcore}{eatcore}{\OP{\Core}{\OP[a]{\Clause}{\OP[b]{\Clause}{\OP[c]{\Clause}{\OP[d]{\Clause}}}}}}
%\LINK{might}{b}{MOD}
%\LINK{not}{a}{NEG}
%\LLINK{8em}{IF}{d}{IF}
%\LINK{IF}{c}{TNS}
%\dolinks
%\vspace{6\rrgoprsep}
%\end{center}
%
%\section{Tree-Building Commands and Arguments}
%In the table below, items in italic and their delimiters are optional.
%Where an argument is labeled ``tree'', that argument may be filled with one
%or more of the commands below, though some obviously make more sence than
%others. An argument labeled ``word'' or ``text'' is anything that 
%should appear in the tree, the only difference between the
%arguments, is that ``text'' arguments are intended to be the text of the
%analysed sentence, and ``word'' arguments label different parts of the tree
%structure. Arguments labeled ``name'' are node names, which may be used for
%drawing lines to and from by various commands.
%\label{toa}
%\begin{center}
%\begin{tabular}{llp{0.35\textwidth}cc}
%\textbf{Command} & \textbf{Arguments} &\textbf{Summary} &
%\textbf{Item} &  \textbf{Default}\\
%&&&\textbf{Named}& \textbf{Name}\\ 
%\verb+\TOP+ & \{tree\} &Makes (zero sized) logical tree, but top node and
%lines are not drawn. & \\
%\verb+\SENTENCE+ & [\emph{name}]\{tree\} & New layer of structure &
%Top&\textsf{SEN}
%\\ 
%\verb+\CLAUSE+ & [\emph{name}]\{tree\} &New layer of structure &
%Top&\textsf{CLS}\\
%\verb+\CORE+ & [\emph{name}]\{tree\} &New layer of structure &
%Top&\textsf{CORE}\\
%\verb+\ARG+ & [\emph{name}]\{tree\} &New layer of structure &
%Top&\textsf{arg}\\
%\verb+\AAJ+ & [\emph{name}]\{tree\} &New layer of structure &
%Top&\textsf{aaj}\\
%\verb+\PP+ & [\emph{name}]\{tree\} &New layer of structure & Top&\textsf{PP}\\
%\verb+\NP+ & [\emph{name}]\{tree\} &New layer of structure & Top&\textsf{NP}\\
%\verb+\NCORE+ & [\emph{name}]\{tree\} &New layer of structure &
%Top&\textsf{NC}\\
%\verb+\NNUC+ & [\emph{name}]\{tree\} &New layer of structure &
%Top&\textsf{NN}\\
%\verb+\OPR+ & [\emph{name}]\{num\}\{text\} &Entry \textbf{num} levels below
%current node & Text&\textsf{opr}\\
%\verb+\FanEnd+ & [\emph{name}]\{\emph{num}\}\{word\}\{text\} & Triangle/Fan
%(i.e. unanalysed) entry below current node, with the apex marked with the
%word argument. & Top&\textsf{fan}\\
%\verb+\End+ & [\emph{name}]\{text\}\{\emph{tree}\}& Obsolete simpler
%version of \verb+\WORD+ & Text & \textsf{x} \\
%\verb+\WORD+ & [\emph{name}](\emph{word})\{text\}\emph{\{tree\}} &Creates one or
%two level entry below current node.& Text&\textsf{x}\\
%\verb+\NUC+ & [\emph{word}]\{text\}\emph{\{tree\}}& Predicating Nucleus &\\
%\verb+\OP+ & [\emph{name}]\{word\}\emph{\{tree\}}& Operator projection
%layer & Text&\textsf{op}\\
%\end{tabular}
%\end{center}
%\section{Line Drawing Commands}
%\begin{center}
%\begin{tabular}{llp{0.45\textwidth}}
%\textbf{Command} & \textbf{Arguments} &\textbf{Summary} \\
%\verb+\CMPL+ &[\emph{name}]\{num\}\{text\} & Also \verb+\rCMPL+. Links to
%the object named (default: \textsf{CLAUSE}) with right-angle connections.\\
%\verb+\LCMPL+ &[\emph{name}]\{length\}\{num\}\{text\} & Also \verb+\RCMPL+.
%Links to the object named (default: \textsf{CLAUSE}) with \CMPLtext\
%centered \textsf{length} from
%target.\\
%\verb+\lPERIPH+ &[\emph{Extn}]\{num\}\{word\}\{\emph{tree}\} & Also
%\verb+\rPERIPH+. Links to the object named \hfil\penalty0\hbox{``COREExtn''} with
%right-angle connections.\\
%\verb+\LPERIPH+ &[\emph{Extn}]\{length\}\{num\}\{word\}\{\emph{tree}\}
%& Also \verb+\RPERIPH+. Links to the object named \hfil\penalty0\hbox{``COREExtn''} with
%\Periphery\ centered \textsf{length} from target.\\
%\verb+\lLINK+ &[\emph{extra}]\{name\}\{name\}\{word\}
%& Also \verb+\rLINK+. Links two named objects  with
%right-angle connections.\\
%\verb+\LLINK+ &[\emph{extra}]\{length\}\{name\}\{name\}\{word\}
%& Also \verb+\RLINK+. Links two named objects with
%\textsf{text} centered \textsf{length} from target.\\
%\end{tabular}
%\end{center}
%In the above table the parameter named \emph{extra} is appended to the
%optional argument of a \verb+\ncdiag+ or \verb+\ncangle+ command. It may be
%used for forcing certain unusual drawing styles, but is best ignored. If
%used it must start with a comma.
%\section{Misc. Commands}
%\subsection{Logical Structures}
%\begin{tabular}{lll}
%\textbf{Command} & \textbf{Result} & \textbf{Description} \\
%\verb+\pred{greet}+&\pred{greet} & Predicate in logical structure \\
%\verb+\prddo+ & \prddo & Shorthand for \verb+\pred{do}+ \\
%\verb+\prdDO+ & \prdDO & Shorthand for \verb+\pred{DO}+ \\
%\verb+\SEML+&\SEML&Shorthand for \verb+{\textsf{SEML}\,}+\\
%\verb+\INGR+&\INGR&Shorthand for \verb+{\textsf{INGR}\,}+\\
%\verb+\BECOME+&\BECOME&Shorthand for \verb+{\textsf{BECOME}\,}+\\
%\verb+\CAUSE+&\CAUSE&Shorthand for \verb+{\textsf{CAUSE}\,}+\\
%\verb+\NOT+&\NOT&Shorthand for \verb+{\textsf{NOT}\,}+\\
%\end{tabular}
%\subsection{Other Commands and Lengths}
%\begin{tabular}{llp{0.65\textwidth}}
%\verb+\textsubscript{}+ & Macro& Subscript equivalent for
%\verb+textsuperscript+  command that is unaccountably missing  from
%latex.ltx\\
%\verb+\sup{}+ & Macro & Shorthand for \verb+\textsuperscript+ \\
%\verb+\sub{}+ & Macro & Shorthand for \verb+\textsubscript+ \\
%\verb+\subN+& Macro & Shorthand for \verb+\textsubscript{\scshape{n}}+, for
%labeling\vfill e.g.\ \Core\subN\ (typed: \verb+\Core\subN+)\\
%\verb+\rrgoprsep+ & Length & Separation between levels on operator
%projection (default is 1.5em)\\
%\verb+\rrgfantweak+ & Macro & Fine adjustment of fan (triangle) height.
%(default -1pt)\\
%\verb+\dolinks+& Macro&Necessary to actually draw and label lines for
%periphery and complementiser commands. \\
%\end{tabular}
% \iffalse meta-comment
% \fi
%\section{The code itself}
%\MakeShortVerb{\|}
% \iffalse meta-comment
%<*package>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ProvidesPackage{rrgtrees}[2004/11/14 RRG tree drawing]
\RequirePackage{pst-node,pst-tree} 
%    \end{macrocode}
%\subsection{Logical structures}
% Before we start with the tree commands proper, we'll use some shortcuts for
% writing logical structures\ldots 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\pred}[2][]{\textbf{#2}\ensuremath{'_{#1}}}
\newcommand\SEML{\textsf{SEML}\,}
\newcommand\INGR{\textsf{INGR}\,}
\newcommand\BECOME{\textsf{BECOME}\,}
\newcommand\CAUSE{\textsf{CAUSE}\,}
\newcommand\NOT{\textsf{NOT}\,}
\newcommand\prddo{\pred{do}}
\newcommand\prdDO{\pred{DO}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \ldots\ and some tree entries that we want to be consistent
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\Sentence{{\scshape Sentence}}
\def\Clause{{\scshape Clause}}
\def\Core{{\scshape Core}}
\def\Conj{{\scshape Conj}}
\def\CMPLtext{{\scshape cmpl}}
\def\Nuc{{\scshape Nuc}}
\def\Arg{{\scshape Arg}}
\def\aaj{{\scshape AAJ}}
\def\pp{{\scshape PP}}
\def\np{{\scshape NP}}
\def\Periphery{{\scshape Periphery}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\subsection{Initial setup}
%We'll now define a few lengths and sane defaults that will be
%needed later.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newlength\rrgoprsep
\newlength\rrg@tmpdim
\newlength\rrg@tmpdima
\newlength\rrg@tmpdimb
\setlength{\rrgoprsep}{1.5em}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%\subsection{Generic versions of commands and internally used bits.}
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\rrg@empty@toks{\global\let\rrg@dolinks\@empty}
\rrg@empty@toks
%    \end{macrocode}
%The |\dolinks| is used to draw things that can only be done once the rest
%of the tree is defined. Tokens to be executed are deferred into a
%collecting point by many commands and the macro executes the 
%tokens in the internal collection, and
%then resets the token list for the next tree.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\dolinks{\rrg@dolinks\rrg@empty@toks}
\def\@once@tmp{}
\def\rrg@addlinks{\g@addto@macro\rrg@dolinks}
\newcommand{\rrg@newnode}[1]{\@namedef{rrg@node@#1}{\null}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If this had worked, it would have automatically and drawn the line if
% possible, or added a delay otherwise. It would have been nicer, 
% but it didn't work.
% Dunno why.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%%Broken code:
%%\newcommand{\rrg@do@or@add@link}[3]{\@ifundefined{rrg@node@#1}{\typeout{#1
%% undefined}\rrg@addlinks{#3}}{\@ifundefined{rrg@node@#2}
%% {\typeout{#2 undefined}\rrg@addlinks{#3}}{#3}}}
%    \end{macrocode}

%
%This combines an arbitary level skip, with a right angled join, as used in
%periphery and clause link marker elements.
%
%Parameters:
% \#1 = Pre-skip;
% \#2 = Name of top node;
% \#3 = Name of link-to node;
% \#4 = Text of top node;
% \#5 = Lower tree;
% \#6 = Mark at Right angle;
% \#7 = Join angle at link-to node.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\rightangle@link}[7]{
\settowidth{\rrg@tmpdim}{#4}%
\skiplevels{#1}%
\rrg@newnode{#2}%
\ifdim\rrg@tmpdim>0pt
\pstree{\TR[edge=none, name=#2]{#4}}{%
#5}%
\else%
\TR[edge=none,name=#2]{#5}%
\fi%
\endskiplevels%
\rrg@addlinks{\ncangle[angleA=90,angleB=#7,armB=0]{->}{#2}{#3}%
\ncput*[npos=1]{#6}}}
%    \end{macrocode}

% This version produces a diagonal link for close spacing or 
% line-crossing periphery (etc) elements.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\diag@link}[8]{
\settowidth{\rrg@tmpdim}{#4}%
\expandafter\typeout{\the\rrg@tmpdim}
\skiplevels{#1}%
\rrg@newnode{#2}%
\ifdim\rrg@tmpdim>0pt
\pstree{\TR[edge=none, name=#2]{#4}}{%
#5}%
\else%
\typeout{#4:#5}%
\TR[edge=none,name=#2]{#5}%
\fi%
\endskiplevels%
\rrg@addlinks{\ncdiagg[angleA=#7,armA=#8]{<-}{#3}{#2}%
\ncput*[npos=1]{#6}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Different versions of predicating nucleus, depending on presence of an
% operator projection
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\@NUCa}[3]{\pstree{\TR{\@do@once\Nuc}}{
\pstree{\TR{#1}}{\pstree{\TR[name=verb]{\ncput*[npos=1.5]{\scshape{Pred}}#2}}{#3}}}}
\newcommand{\@NUCn}[2]{\pstree{\TR{\@do@once\Nuc}}{\pstree{\TR{#1}}%
{\TR[name=verb]{\ncput*[npos=1.5]{\scshape{Pred}}#2}}}}
%    \end{macrocode}

%\subsection{User commands for periphery, etc.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\CMPL}[3][CLAUSE]{\rightangle@link{#2}{CMPL#1}{#1}{}{#3}{\CMPLtext}{180}}
\newcommand{\lCMPL}{\CMPL}
\newcommand{\rCMPL}[3][CLAUSE]{\rightangle@link{#2}{CMPL#1}{#1}{}{#3}{\CMPLtext}{0}}
\newcommand{\LCMPL}[4][CLAUSE]{\diag@link{#2}{CMPL#1}{#1}{}{#3}{\CMPLtext}{180}{#4}}
\newcommand{\RCMPL}[4][CLAUSE]{\diag@link{#2}{CMPL#1}{#1}{}{#3}{\CMPLtext}{0}{#4}}
\newcommand{\lPERIPH}[4][]{\rightangle@link{#2}{PERIPH#1}{CORE#1}%
{#3}{#4}{\Periphery}{180}}
\newcommand{\rPERIPH}[4][]{\rightangle@link{#2}{PERIPH#1}{CORE#1}%
{#3}{#4}{\Periphery}{0}}
\newcommand{\LPERIPH}[5][]{\diag@link{#2}{PERIPH#1}{CORE#1}{#3}%
{#4}{\Periphery}{180}{#5}}
\newcommand{\RPERIPH}[5][]{\diag@link{#2}{PERIPH#1}{CORE#1}{#3}%
{#4}{\Periphery}{0}[#5]}
%    \end{macrocode}


%\subsection{Predicating Nucleus}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\NUC}[2][V]{\@ifnextchar\bgroup{\@NUCa{#1}{#2}}{\@NUCn{#1}{#2}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%\subsection{More normal tree parts}
%\subsubsection{Basic components}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\TOP}[1]{\pstree[thislevelsep=0pt,linestyle=none]{\Tn}%
{\psset{linestyle=solid}#1}}
\newcommand{\SENTENCE}[2][SEN]{\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{\Sentence}\@do@once}{#2}}
\newcommand{\CLAUSE}[2][CLS]{\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{\Clause}\@do@once}{#2}}
\newcommand{\CORE}[2][CORE]{\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{\Core}\@do@once}{#2}}
\newcommand{\ARG}[2][arg]{\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{\Arg}\@do@once}{#2}}
\newcommand{\AAJ}[2][aaj]{\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{\aaj}\@do@once}{#2}}
\newcommand{\PP}[2][PP]{\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{\pp}\@do@once}{#2}}
\newcommand{\NP}[2][NP]{\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{\np}\@do@once}{#2}}
\newcommand{\NCORE}[2][NC]{\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{\Core\subN}\@do@once}{#2}}
\newcommand{\NNUC}[2][NN]{\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{\Nuc\subN}\@do@once}{#2}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\subsubsection{Word node}
%% |\WORD| tries to be flexible in the arguments it gets.
%% The user may optionally include the (part of speach) a |[name]| for the
%% |{word}| node, and possibly being followed by an |{operator projection}|. 
%% E.g. |\WORD{hello}|, |\WORD[hi]{hello}|, |\WORD(N){cat}|,
%% |\WORD(N)[pussy]{cat}|
%% are all permitted, as is any of the above with an operator projection
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\WORD}{\let\@word@tmp=\empty\@ifnextchar(%) bracket match
{\@word@ii}{\@word@i}}
\newcommand{\@word@i}[2][x]{\@end{#1}{#2}} % Nice easy single level word
\def\@word@ii(#1){\@ifnextchar[%] bracket match % we have a fuller tree.
{\@word@iii{#1}}{\@word@iii{#1}[x]}}
% Here goes!
\def\@word@iii#1[#2]#3{\@ifnextchar\bgroup% operators follow
{\@word@iv{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\pstree{\TR{#1}\@do@once}{\TR[name=#2]{#3}}}}

\newcommand{\@word@iv}[4]{\pstree{\TR{#1}\@do@once}{\pstree{\TR[name=#2]{#3}}{#4}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% |\@do@once| does the delayed linestyle reset required by someone using 
% |\UNJOINED|
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\@do@once}{\@once@tmp\def\@once@tmp{}}
\newcommand{\UNJOINED}{\def\@once@tmp{\global\let\psedge\@save@edge}%
\let\@save@edge\psedge\def\psedge##1##2{}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\subsubsection{Operator node}
%|\OPR| is used for marking the supplied word as an operator. It has no
%representation in the upper tree but is described as though it were part
%of it. The optional firse parameter is its tag label (for drawing linking
%lines, the second defines the number of logical levels to skip, which is a
%function of the node placement.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\OPR}[3][opr]{\skiplevels{#2}{\TR[edge=none,name=#1]{#3}}\endskiplevels}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\subsection{Operator tree and linking}
% |\OP| defines items in the operator projection.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\OP[2][op]{\psset{levelsep=\rrgoprsep}\@end{#1}{\@do@once#2}}
\newcommand{\oprlink}[4]{%
\ncput*[npos=1 #1]{\rnode{label}{#4}}%
\ncline[linestyle=dashed]{#2}{label}\ncline{->}{label}{#3}%
}
\newcommand{\LLINK}[5][]{%
\ncdiagg[linestyle=none,angleA=180,armA=#2]{#4}{#3}%
\oprlink{#1}{#3}{#4}{#5}
}
\newcommand{\RLINK}[5][]{%
\ncdiagg[linestyle=none,angleA=0,armA=#2]{<-}{#4}{#3}%
\oprlink{#1}{#3}{#4}{#5}
}
\newcommand{\rLINK}[4][]{\ncangle[linestyle=none,angleA=-90,angleB=0 #1]{#2}{#3}%
\oprlink{}{#2}{#3}{#4}
}
\newcommand{\LINK}[4][]{\ncangle[linestyle=none,angleA=-90,angleB=180 #1]{#2}{#3}%
\oprlink{}{#2}{#3}{#4}
}
\newcommand{\lLINK}{\LINK}
%    \end{macrocode}
% The |\End|  command is just a simple terminal node, which may have an
% operator tree following it..
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\End}[2][x]{\@end{#1}{#2}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% First attempt at clever operators. It might even work one day.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%\newcommand\Ende{\@ifnextchar[%]
%{\@Ende}{\@Ende[x]}}
%
%\def\@Ende[#1]#2{\def\@End{\TR[name=#1]{#2}}%
%\typeout{@Ende}
%\@check@Ende}
%
%\def\@check@Ende{\@ifnextchar(% ] bracket matching
%{\typeout{Brkt}}{\typeout{No Brkt}}
%\@End}%
%
%\def\@check@OP{%
%\typeout{\@End}
%\@ifnextchar[% ] bracket matching
%{\@OP}{\@ifnextchar<% > bracket matching
%{\@OP[x]}{}}%
%}
%\def\@OP[#1]<#2>{\typeout{OP}\def\@Tmp{\expandafter\pstree{\TR[name=#1]{#2}}%
%{\@End}}\let\@End=\@Tmp}
%    \end{macrocode}

%
% The |\@end| command is run by all things that could be followed by optional
% decendents. Optional parts are enclosed in \{\}, just like a normal arg.
% The reason for this is so that the user dosn't need to define the
% tree in some horrible inverted order, or remember a whole different set 
% of commands.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\@end}[2]{\@ifnextchar\bgroup% matching
{\@are@ops{#1}{#2}}{\@end@{#1}{#2}}}
\newcommand{\@end@}[2]{\TR[name=#1]{#2}}
\def\@are@ops#1#2#3{\pstree{\@end@{#1}{#2}}{#3}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%\subsection{Macros for fans/triangles}
% Adjustment in position of fan label due to height of line or something similar.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\rrgfantweak{-1pt}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Draw a fan, but first find out how many arguments we have. I.e. we allow
% |\FanEnd{depth}{head}{text}|  or
% |\FanEnd{head}{text}|
% plus an optional [label]  for the head.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\FanEnd}[3][fan]{%
\@ifnextchar\bgroup{\@fanend{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@@fanend{#1}{1}{#2}{#3}}}
\def\@fanend#1#2#3#4{\@@fanend{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}
\newcommand{\@@fanend}[4]{
\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#4}%
\setlength{\rrg@tmpdim}{\wd\@tempboxa}%
\addtolength{\rrg@tmpdim}{-1ex}%
\setlength{\rrg@tmpdimb}{\psk@levelsep}%
\setlength{\rrg@tmpdima}{\psk@levelsep}%
\setlength{\rrg@tmpdimb}{#2\rrg@tmpdima}%
\addtolength{\rrg@tmpdimb}{+0.7ex}%
\addtolength{\rrg@tmpdimb}{-\ht\@tempboxa}%
\addtolength{\rrg@tmpdimb}{-\pslabelsep}%
\addtolength{\rrg@tmpdimb}{\rrgfantweak}%
\pstree[thislevelsep=\rrg@tmpdimb]{\TR{#3}}{\Tfan[fansize=\rrg@tmpdim]%
\nbput*[npos=1.5,name=#1]{#4}}
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \subsection{Final bits and pieces}
% This one should have been defined in latex.ltx
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareRobustCommand*\textsubscript[1]{%
  \@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\@textsubscript#1{%
  {\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now I make some shortcuts, and use the |\textsubscript| command
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\spr}[1]{\textsuperscript{#1}}
\newcommand{\sub}[1]{\textsubscript{#1}}
\newcommand{\subN}{\textsubscript{\scshape{n}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%OPJoin is used to define a joined operator tree - see example in text.
%%Args for |\OPJoin| are:
%% [Offset from centre] \{node\} \{node\} \{Text/structure\}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\OPJoin}[4][2\rrgoprsep]{\ncline[linestyle=none]{#2}{#3}%
\nbput[labelsep=#1,npos=0.5]{\Rnode{join-#2-#3}{#4}%
}\ncline[linestyle=solid]{#2}{join-#2-#3}%
\ncdiag[armA=0,armB=0]{#3}{join-#2-#3}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% It could get very confusing if the user re-defines these.. curved trees,
% anyone?
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\psedge{\ncdiag}
\psset{levelsep=3.5em,nodesep=1pt,angleA=-90,angleB=90,armA=0,armB=0}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse meta-comment
%</package>
% \fi