path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/nddiss/nddiss2e.dtx

% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% Copyright (C) 2004-2005 by Sameer Vijay
%
% This file may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either
% version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any later
% version. The latest version of this license is in
%
%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%
%
% \fi
%
%
%  \CheckSum{1478}
%  \CharacterTable
%   {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
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%    Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
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%
% \changes{v0.98}{2004/04/15}{Initial {\em beta} version}
% \renewcommand{\generalname}{Release}
% \changes{v1.0}{2004/06/15}{First release}
% \renewcommand{\generalname}{General}
% \changes{v1.1}{2005/04/14}{Minor changes and clean-up}
% \changes{v2.0}{2005/05/14}{Some bugfixes, cleaned some of documentation}
% \changes{v2.1}{2005/06/14}{More bugfixes, changes in documentation}
% \renewcommand{\generalname}{Release}
% \changes{v3.0}{2005/07/27}{Major revamp and clean-up of the code, added
% \texttt{numrefs} and \texttt{textrefs} to allow different kinds of citation
% styles, added some more macros and modified others,
% changed the titlepage a bit, completed source documentation}
% \changes{v3.2013$\beta$}{2013/1/14}{Initial release of updates in order to comply with
% the Graduate School's current formatting regulations and to take advantage
% of some LaTeX package updates. Should be functional, and has been approved
% by the Dissertation/Thesis editors, but has not undergone wide-scale testing. - Megan Patnott}
% \changes{v3.2013}{2013/4/20}{Some bug fixes, minor changes in documentation, and addition of support for parts. - MP}
% \changes{v3.2016}{2016/10/16}{Fix natbib/showkeys ordering bug}
% \changes{v3.2017.1}{2017/05/09}{Display (CONTINUED) on multipage long table captions}
% \changes{v3.2017.2}{2017/08/23}{Add LuaLaTeX support. Allow non-capitalized titles.}
% \renewcommand{\generalname}{Update}
%
% \iffalse (Don't show this in the doc).
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*driver>
\ProvidesFile{nddiss2e.dtx}
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\nddiss}{%
         \textsf{{\scshape nd}diss}\kern-0.03em%
         2$_\mathsf{\textstyle\varepsilon}$}
\providecommand{\dissfileversion}{3.2017.2}
\providecommand{\dissfiledate}{2017-05-09}
\DisableCrossrefs
\CodelineNumbered
\RecordChanges
\begin{document}
    \DocInput{nddiss2e.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \fi
%
% \title{The \nddiss\/ class\thanks{Version~\dissfileversion,%
%        dated~\dissfiledate.}}
%
% \date{\dissfiledate}
%
% \maketitle
%
% \begin{abstract}
% The \nddiss\space class can be used to typeset dissertations submitted
% to the University of Notre Dame's Graduate School. This class conforms with
% the Graduate School guidelines as of Spring 2013 for the layout of the Ph.D.
% dissertations and Master's theses.
% \end{abstract}
%
% \tableofcontents
%
% \section{Introduction}
% \label{sec:intro}
% The \LaTeXe\space document class \nddiss\ is suitable for producing dissertations
% and theses conforming to the Spring 2013
% guidelines of the Graduate School at the University of Notre Dame.
% The package is extends the standard \LaTeX\/ \textsf{book} class.
%
% The latest version of this class and related documentation can be found
% in a few places:
% \begin{itemize}
%   \item On CTAN: \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/nddiss}
%   \item On GitHub: \url{https://github.com/ndlib/nddiss}
%   \item On the University of Notre Dame's Graduate School website: \url{http://graduateschool.nd.edu/}
% \end{itemize}
%
% \subsection{Disclaimer}
% \label{sec:disclaimer}
% While this class does as much formatting as it can, there are a few formatting items that
% you, the user, must do manually (see Section \ref{sec:author}).
% Please keep in mind that only \emph{you} are responsible for the
% correct formatting of your dissertation/thesis.
% Should you have questions, please consult the official formatting guide or email \url{dteditor@nd.edu}.
%
% \subsection{Dependencies and Limitations}
% \label{sec:deps}
% This classfile depends on many other packages to be installed.
% All of these required packages are available through MiKTeX and TeXLive, and
% chances are good they are already installed by your TeX distribution.
% Refer to section \ref{sec:features} for a list of the essential packages.
%
% The document class has only been tested with a small subset of available packages.
% There are numerous packages you may want to use for your work, but they may have
% to be modified accordingly.
% Things lacking include support for the \textsf{subfigure}
% and \textsf{subcaption} package and proper formatting of the captions in such an environment.
% Formatting of the captions could be much easier with the
% \textsf{caption}\footnote{\textsf{caption} package by Axel Sommerfeldt v3.0b[2004/05/16]
% and higher} in general, and is a thing-to-do for future versions. Permitting use of the
% \textsf{subfigure} and \textsf{subcaption} packages would also be a good thing to do
% if an update is ever made for reaosns other than resolving conflicts caused by changing
% Graduate School regulations. If you want to use a \textsf{subfigure} environment and don't
% need the caption capabilities of the \textsf{subcaption} package, adding the following
% code to your preamble may allow you to do this and still have your captions formatted
% according to the Graduate School's rules.
% \begin{verbatim}
% \usepackage{subcaption}
% \makeatletter
% \renewcommand\LT@makecaption[3]{%
%   \LT@mcol\LT@cols c{\hbox to\z@{\hss\parbox[t]\LTcapwidth{%
%   \vskip\abovetableskip%
%   \centering\normalspacing
%   #1{#2 }\\[\single@skip]
%   {#3}\par
%   \endgraf\vskip\belowtableskip}%
%   \hss}}}
% \makeatother
% \end{verbatim}
%
% \subsection{History}
%
% The \nddiss\ package is an extensive rewrite by Sameer Vijay of an earlier \textsf{NDthesis} class
% for formatting dissertations.
% Megan Patnott updated \nddiss\ to the 2013 Graduate School Formatting guidelines.
% The \textsf{NDThesis} class was by D. A. Peterson.
%
% \section{Quick Start}
%
% This section provides a template you can use to get started.
% The distribution comes with a more detailed file, |template.tex|, that is similar, but more detailed.
%
% \begin{verbatim}
% \documentclass[numrefs,final]{nddiss2e}
%
% \begin{document}
%
% \frontmatter
%
% \title{Title in Title Caps}
% \author{Your Name}
% \work{Dissertation}
% \degaward{Doctor of Philosophy}
% \advisor{}
% \department{}
% \maketitle
% \makepublicdomain % There is also a copyright option
%
% \begin{abstract}
% Abstract here
% \end{abstract}
%
% % dedication is optional
% \begin{dedication}
% For Someone
% \end{dedication}
%
% \tableofcontents
% \listoffigures
% \listoftables
%
% % list of symbols is optional
% \begin{symbols}
% \sym{a}{definition of a}
% \end{symbol}
%
% % preface is optional
% \begin{preface}
% Preface here
% \end{preface}
%
% \begin{acknowledge}
% Thanks to everyone
% \end{acknowledge}
%
% \mainmatter
%
% \chapter{A New Dawn} % Chapter 1
% All the text ...
%
% \appendix
% \chapter{Additional Data} % Appendix A
%
% \backmatter
% \bibliographystyle{nddiss2e}
% \bibliography{bibdatabase}
%
% \end{document}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
% \section{Usage}
%
% Invoke the \nddiss\space document class by adding |\documentclass|\oarg{options}|{nddiss2e}|
% at the beginning of your \LaTeX\space source file.
% For most people the options |\documentclass[draft]{nddiss2e}| is good enough for the initial revisions.
% If you want your figures to display, use |\documentclass[review]{nddiss2e}|.
%
% Use the option |\documentclass[final]{nddiss2e}| for your formatting check submission,
% and |\documentclass[final,noinfo]{nddiss2e}| for the final submitted version.
%
% If you have two advisors, add the option |twoadvisors| here, and then use |\secondadvisor{}|
% later on the title page to give the name of the second advisor.
%
% By default, all documents produced using this class
% are formatted as one-sided, doublespaced, letter-sized pages, per the Graduate School requirements.
% In theory, the class file's specifications should override your system's defaults.
% If, however, you are getting A4 paper, try adding |\pdfpagewidth{8.5in}| and
% |\pdfpageheight{11in}| immediately after the |\documentclass| in your file.
%
% \subsection{Options}
% \label{subsec:options}
%
% \DescribeMacro{draft}
% \DescribeMacro{review}
% \DescribeMacro{final}
% Exactly \emph{one} of these options must be used.
% The |draft| and |review| options enable faster processing of the document and
% also include annotations to help write and edit it.
%
% The |draft| option enables a fast processing and preliminary document
% showing the labels for citations, tables, figures etc. and a black solid rule
% highlighting the horizontal overflows. Additionally, figures are replaced
% with placement boxes showing where the included figure would be placed. Such
% a document would be the one you would prepare for revising your text during
% writing stages.
%
% The |review| option makes it possible to prepare a document that is
% one step closer to the final version.
% Almost all the formatting of the final version is present,
% but the labels and keys as in the |draft| option are also displayed.
% A document prepared with the |review| option would be the one to
% personally check for proper formatting and possibly giving to your advisor if
% she wished to suggest corrections.
%
% The |final| option produces the document to be submitted to the Graduate School for
% formatting checks and as the final version.
%
% \DescribeMacro{twoadvisors}
% The |twoadvisors| option will produce a title page with space for two advisors.
% Use the |\secondadvisor| macro command
% (discussed in Section \ref{subsec:titlepage}) on the title page to give the
% name of the second advisor.
%
% \DescribeMacro{noinfo}
% The |noinfo| option disables the information page produced
% when the |review| or |final| style options are used. It is
% recommended that you only use this option when making the final
% submission to the Graduate School.
%
% \DescribeMacro{numrefs}
% \DescribeMacro{textrefs}
% These options determine how citations are displayed in the text.
% The default style is |numrefs|.
% The |numrefs| option produces a numbered citation sytle by using \textsf{natbib}
% and the ``nddiss2e'' or ``nddiss2enoarticletitles'' citation style
% file\footnote{|nddiss2e.bst| is a slight modificiation of |abbrvnat.bst|
% in the \textsf{natbib} package; |nddiss2enoarticletitles.bst| is
% essentially the same as |nddiss2e|, but does not display the titles of
% journal articles, as this is the standard in some fields}.
% The |textrefs| option changes the citation style to be similar to
% ``author-date'' style with the same files.
%
% \DescribeMacro{sort}
% \DescribeMacro{compress}
% \DescribeMacro{sort\&compress}
% At most one of these options should be selected. The |sort| option will cause
% both numerical and ``author-date'' style references to be sorted in the order
% that they appear in the bibliography when multiple references are cited. The
% |compress| option compresses numerical citations, e.g. it turns [1,2,3] into
% [1-3], and does nothing to ``author-date'' style references. The
% |sort&compress| option first sorts and then compresses numerical references, and
% only sorts ``author-date'' style references.
%
% Since the same set of packages and
% style files result in differing citation formats,
% refer to the documentation for |natnotes.dvi| in your |TEXMF| tree,
% to be aware of the
% various ways in which you can make a citation in your text.
%
% \DescribeMacro{10pt}
% \DescribeMacro{11pt}
% \DescribeMacro{12pt}
% These options adjust the font size of the body text.
% The choice is only applicable when the |draft| option is used, and defaults
% to |10pt|.
% When |review| or |final| is used, this option is ignored and |12pt| is used.
%
% \DescribeMacro{twoside}
% The |twoside| option causes the class file to prepare a document meant
% to be printed double-sided.
% This option is strictly for if you want to prepare a two-sided document for
% your own use. The only difference from the one-sided document is in the page
% layout.
% Do NOT use this option when preparing to submit it to the Graduate School.
%
% \DescribeMacro{nocenter}
% The |nocenter| option allows non-centered chapter titles.
% Do NOT turn in your document this way to the Graduate School!
%
% \DescribeMacro{openbib}
% The |openbib| option formats your bibliography in the following manner: \\
% \qquad Author \\
% \qquad \qquad Article/book title \\
% \qquad \qquad Other information \\
% \qquad \qquad Website, if applicable \\
% Usually you would not need to use this option since the default layout of the
% |bibliography| is acceptable.
%
% \section{Arrangement of Contents}
%
% A dissertation or a thesis document contains the following parts,
% in the order listed. Only those marked as optional may be omitted.
%
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item Title Page
% \item Copyright page
% \item Abstract \emph{(optional for Master's thesis)}
% \item Dedication \emph{(optional)}
% \item Table of Contents
% \item List of Figures
% \item List of Tables
% \item List of Symbols \emph{(optional)}
% \item Preface \emph{(optional)}
% \item Acknowledgments \emph{(optional)}
% \item Text
% \item Appendix (or Appendices) \emph{(optional)}
% \item Bibliography (or References, or Works cited)
% \end{enumerate}
%
% The macros and environments described below ease the formatting of these
% parts.
%
% \subsection{Title Page}
% \label{subsec:titlepage}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\maketitle}
% The title page is generated by |\maketitle| with no arguments.
% This macro has been modified for providing a title page in the correct format.
%
% You can set information to display on the title page by using the following
% commands before invoking |\maketitle|.
% \begin{itemize}
%   \item \DescribeMacro{\title\{\}} The title of the document, using the
%         |\title| macro.  You may use linebreaks within the title,
%         protected via |\protect\\| and the title may be up to four
%         lines long.
%   \item \DescribeMacro{\author\{\}} Give your name in full and exactly as
%         registered with the Graduate School, using the
%         |\author| macro, e.g. |\author{Gary Graham Gordon-Graeme}|).
%   \item \DescribeMacro{\work\{\}} Whether the document is a
%         \emph{Thesis} or a \emph{Dissertation} as the argument of the
%          |\work| macro, e.g. |\work{Dissertation}|).
%   \item \DescribeMacro{\degaward\{\}} Specify the degree you're aiming for
%         with the |\degaward| macro. Should be one of
%          |\degaward{Doctor of Philosophy}| (without the ``in \emph{subject}'' or
%          |\degaward{Master of Science\\in\\Engineering}|.
%   \item \DescribeMacro{\advisor\{\}} Give the name of your advisor with
%         the |\advisor| macro.
%   \item \DescribeMacro{\secondadvisor\{\}} Give the name of your second advisor,
%         if any, with the |\secondadvisor| macro. You also need to pass in the
%         |twoadvisors| option in the |\documentclass| declaration.
%   \item \DescribeMacro{\department\{\}} Give the name of your department with the
%         |\department| macro, e.g. |\department{Gnulogical Engineering}|).
%   \item \DescribeMacro{\degdate\{\}} The month and year of the defense of the
%         thesis with the |\degdate| e.g. |\degdate{June 2004}|). If you forget to
%         declare this, the current month/year will be used.
% \end{itemize}
%
% \subsection{Copyright Page}
% \DescribeMacro{\makecopyright}
% \DescribeMacro{\copyrightholder\{\}}
% \DescribeMacro{\copyrightyear\{\}}
% The |\makecopyright| macro should be invoked after |\maketitle| to
% produce a copyright page.
% Prior to calling |\makecopyright|, you may specify a different name
% for the copyright holder (the default is the name given through the
% |\author| macro) and for the copyright year (the default being the
% current year). Do this with the |\copyrightholder|\marg{name}
% and |\copyrightyear|\marg{year} macros.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\makepublicdomain}
% Alternatively, you can use
% |\makepublicdomain| to produce a page with the message ``This document
% is in the public domain.'' Note that the absence of the copyright page
% does \emph{not} place your dissertaion in the public domain, you must
% declare it as such explicitly.
%
% \subsection{Abstract Page(s)}
% \DescribeEnv{abstract}
% The abstract text should be placed between
% |\begin{abstract}| and |\end{abstract}|.
% If the abstract is longer than one page, the environment will place
% the author's name in the top-right header.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\abstractname\{\}}
% You may use |\abstractname|\marg{text} to change the abstract caption
% to |text|.
% Default name: |Abstract|.
% You probably don't need to change it.
%
% \subsection{Dedication}
% \DescribeEnv{dedication}
% The dedication is optional.
% If you want one, use the \textsf{dedication} envrionment.
% The format of dedication is essentially free.
% This environment will center the text of your dedication vertically on the page.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\dedicationame\{\}}
% You may use |\dedicationname|\marg{text} to change the title for the
% dedication page. Default name: |\mbox{}| i.e.\/ an empty title.
% You probably don't need to change it.
%
% \subsection{Table of Contents; Lists of Figures and Tables}
% \DescribeMacro{\tableofcontents}
% \DescribeMacro{\listoffigures}
% \DescribeMacro{\listoftables}
% Use the macros |\tableofcontents|,|\listoffigures| and |\listoftables|,
% \emph{in this order}, to produce the required table of contents and lists of
% figures and tables.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\contentsname\{\}}
% \DescribeMacro{\listfigurename\{\}}
% \DescribeMacro{\listtablename\{\}}
% You may use |\contentsname|, |\listfigurename| and |\listtablename|
% to change the titles for these sections.
% By default they are |CONTENTS|, |FIGURES|, and |TABLES|.
% You probably don't need to change them.
%
% \subsection{List of Symbols}
% \DescribeEnv{symbols}
% The list of symbols is optional.
% Use the \textsf{symbols} envrionment to format a list of
% symbols/abbreviations used in your work.
% The envrionment takes an optional argument specifying the desired format, e.g.
% |\begin{symbols}[cl]| for first column centered and the next column
% aligned left. By default, the first column will be right aligned and
% the second column will be left aligned. You may use any of the standard
% |tabular| column alignment options.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\sym\{\}\{\}}
% The command |\sym|\marg{symbol}\marg{definition} may make the task of
% entering the symbols and their meanings in the \textsf{symbols}
% environment easier. |\sym| takes two arguments: the first, a math
% ``object'' and the second, the plain text describing the
% symbol. Since the first argument is in math mode, any plain text
% needs to be wrapped with |\mathrm{..}|
% Likewise, any math symbol in the second argument needs to placed in
% |$..$|.  Example: |\sym{\beta_\mathrm{norm}}{Definition for $\beta$}|
%
% \DescribeMacro{\symbolsname\{\}}
% You may use |\symbolsname{}| to change the title of the symbols section.
% Default name: |SYMBOLS|.
%
% \subsection{Preface}
% \DescribeEnv{preface}
% The \textsf{preface} environment is provided for formatting the preface to your work.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\prefacename\{\}}
% You may use |\prefacename| to change the name of this section.
% Default name: |PREFACE|.
%
% \subsection{Acknowledgments}
% \DescribeEnv{acknowledgments}
% The environment \textsf{acknowledgments} is used to format the
% acknowledgment \emph{chapter}.
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\acknowledgename\{\}}
% You may use |\acknowledgename| to change the name of this section.
% Default name: |Acknowledgments|.
%
% \subsection{Text}
% \DescribeMacro{\mainmatter}
% Use the macro |\mainmatter| to mark the beginning of your text.
% You can then use |\part|, |\chapter|, |\section|, |\subsection|, and |\subsubsection|
% commands, as you would with the \textsf{book} class.
% Text is formatted in |\normalspacing| i.e. double-spacing.
% The pages are numbered in |plain| pagestyle such that the page numbers
% are centered in the bottom. The |chapter| titles can be multi-line,
% and if so are formatted doubly spaced.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\unnumchapter\{\}}
% Use the macro |\unnumchapter| to create to create unnumbered chapters that
% appear in the Table of Contents.
%
% \subsection{Appendix}
% \DescribeMacro{\appendix}
% Use the command |\appendix| after the last normal chapter to signal
% that all following chapters are to be appendices.
% This use is the same as in the \textsf{book} class.
% To begin an appendix, use the |\chapter|\marg{title} macro.
%
% \subsection{Backmatter}
% \DescribeMacro{\backmatter}
% The |\backmatter| macro separates the bibliography, index
% and glossary from the main matter and any appendices.
%
% \subsection{Bibliography} \DescribeMacro{\bibliography}
% If you are using \BibTeX\/ (and why would you not want to use \BibTeX?),
% use the |\bibliography|\marg{bibfile} macro to generate the
% bibliography. You should refer to \BibTeX\/ manual for details about making a |.bib| file
% and format for the entries.
%
% For citing references in the text, the package \textsf{natbib} is
% included with either the settings \texttt{numbers,sort\&compress} (|numrefs| option) or
% \texttt{authoryear,sort} (|textrefs| option). The package \textsf{natbib} is a
% fantastic package that has numerous macros for \emph{citing} in different ways.
%
% \textbf{Warning:} The packages \textsf{cite} and \textsf{citation} are
% NOT compatible
% with the \textsf{natbib} package, and will cause errors if used.
%
% \DescribeEnv{thebibliography}
% If you are not using \BibTeX\/ make your own bibliography by using the
% \textsf{thebibliography} environment. In this case, you would have
% to write the reference entries in the right format in your |.tex| source
% file itself. If you are using the |textrefs| option, you'll need to
% consult the \textsf{natbib} manual to ensure that you enter your entries in
% the format required by the package.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\bibname\{\}}
% You may use |\bibname|\marg{newbibname} to change the name of this section.
% Default name: |Bibliography|.
%
% \subsection{Chapter-wise Bibliography}
% By default the bibliography appears at the end of your work and contains
% all the references from the entire entity.
% If you need to have a separate bibliography for each chapter,
% you can do it in the following way.
% First, load the package \textsf{chapterbib} without any options
% in the preamble of your main source file and
% redefine the commands |\bibname| and |\bibsection| as shown below.
% \begin{verbatim}
% %% Main source file %%
% \documentclass[...]{nddiss2e}
% \usepackage{chapterbib}
% \renewcommand{\bibname}{Cited works}
% \renewcommand{\bibsection}{\section{\bibname}}
% ...
% \begin{document}
% \include{chptr1}
% ...
% \include{appndx}
% \end{document}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% To process the bibliography for each chapter individually, the chapters or sections
% must be separated into different files and \emph{include}
% them in the main file, as shown above. Each such |\include|d file must contain
% its own |\bibliographystyle{nddiss2e}| and |\bibliography{...}| command at
% an appropriate position. There should not be any bibliographic commands in
% the main source file.
%
% After compiling the main tex file once (with |latex| or
% |pdflatex|), the |.aux| files needed by |bibtex| will have been created
% and you can then run |bibtex| on each of the separate source files to obtain a |.bbl|
% for each file. The remaining steps are the same as for a normal |.tex| file.
%
% You can find more details of this in the \textsf{natbib} manual.
%
% \section{Note For Authors}
% \label{sec:author}
% The dissertation author must make sure that the
% following conditions are met in order to generate a dissertation
% acceptable by the Graduate School:
%
% \begin{itemize}
%   \item The List of Figures must be \emph{before} the List of Tables, i.e. the
%         macro command |\listoffigures| comes before |\listoftables| in the
%         frontmatter.
%   \item Table captions must be \emph{above} the corresponding table,
%         In case of the \textsf{table} environment, this can be achieved by
%         putting |\caption| before you include the table (e.g. in a \textsf{
%         tabular} environment).
%   \item Figure captions should be \emph{below} the corresponding figure.
%         In the \textsf{figure} environment, the |\caption| goes after
%         the |\includegraphics| macro command.
%   \item The bibliography is the last section/chapter of the thesis---unless
%         you are using the \emph{chapter-wise} bibliography.
% \end{itemize}
%
% \subsection{Tips and Suggestions}
% \label{subsec:tips}
% \begin{itemize}
%    \item It is \emph{strongly} recommended that you compile your document with
%          pdf\LaTeX. Compiling to dvi or postscript first may result in ``fuzzy'' fonts
%          when viewing the document on your screen. Additionally, the benefits
%          of |hyperref| and |pdflscape| are only available if you compile using
%         pdf\LaTeX.
%   \item Use the |\toprule|, |\midrule| and |\bottomrule| macro commands (from the
%         \textsf{booktabs} package) in tables for generating the appropriate
%          horizontal rules. Refrain from using vertical rules to separate columns in tables
%          as much as possible.
%   \item Use the \textsf{longtable} environment for handling very long
%         tabular materials. Example:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \begin{longtable}{lc}
% \caption[]{LONG TABLE CAPTION \label{tab:longtable} }
% \toprule
% Heading 1 & Heading 2 \\
% \midrule
% \endfirsthead
% \caption[]{ } \\ % doesn't matter what text is in the continued caption.
% \midrule
% Heading 1 & Heading 2 \\
% \midrule
% \endhead
% \endfoot
% \bottomrule
% \endlastfoot
% % Now the tabular material %
% Long & Table etc. \\
% \end{longtable}
% \end{verbatim}
%   \item If a figure or table is very wide and will not fit on a page,
%         use the \textsf{landscape} environment (from the included
%         \textsf{lscape} package) to format them in \emph{landscape}
%          mode. They will automatically appear on a separate page. If you
%          use pdf\LaTeX\/ to compile your document, then the included
%          \textsf{pdflscape} package will flip this page on the screen
%         for easier reading.
%   \item The \textsf{sidewaystable} environment (from the included
%          \textsf{rotating} package) is incompatible with the current
%         class and should be avoided.
%   \item Usually the width of the figure and table captions is 90\% of the textwidth
%         (i.e. |0.9\textwidth|). If needed, the width can be changed on a case-by-case
%         basis by doing one of the following:
%         \begin{itemize}
%           \item Use a \textsf{minipage} environment of appropriate width and enclose
%                 your tabular or figure float inside it, or
%           \item set the |\capwidth| inside the \textsf{table} or the \textsf{figure}
%                 environment, and |\LTcapwidth| \emph{outside} the \textsf{
%                 longtable} environment, e.g.,\\[\baselineskip]
% \begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
% \begin{verbatim}
% \begin{table}[H]
% \setlength{\capwidth}{0.8\textwidth}
% \centering
% \caption{TABLE CAP\label{tab:this}}
% \begin{tabular}{lc}
% ...
% \end{tabular}
% \end{table}
% \end{verbatim}
% \end{minipage}
% \begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
% \begin{verbatim}
% \setlength{\LTcapwidth}{6in}
% \begin{longtable}{lccc}
% ...
% \end{\longtable}
% \end{verbatim}
% \end{minipage}
%         \end{itemize}
%   \item Use the \textsf{tabularx} environment for the actual formatting
%         of the tables (within the \textsf{table} environment). It differs
%         slightly from \textsf{tabular} environment and you should refer to
%         their documentation in the |TEXMF| tree for more information.
%   \item If you've used a \textsf{longtable} environment in your document,
%         it might be necessary to compile the document multiple times so as to
%          get proper alignment of columns. This is documented in the
%          \textsf{longtable} manual.
%   \item If you wish to use |\footnotes| in the \textsf{longtable} environment,
%         please read its documentation. There are some handicaps present.
%   \item To cite a website in your bibliography\footnote{More info at
%         \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=citeURL}}, use the
%         following format in your |.bib| file:
%  \begin{verbatim}
%      @Misc{fairley2000,
%      author =       "N. Fairley",
%      title =        "Casa{XPS} {VAMAS} processing software",
%      howpublished = "Website",
%      note =         "\url{http://www.casaxps.com}",
%      }
%  \end{verbatim} When processed with the |nddiss2e.bst| citation style file
%         this gives:\newline
%         111. N. Fairley. CasaXPS VAMAS processing software. Website.
%         \url{http://www.casaxps.com}.\newline
% \end{itemize}
%
% \subsection{You Found Errors?}
% Errors in a \LaTeX\/ document are to be expected.
% If you have a problem that is that seems to be more than a typo or
% unbalanced brace, it is possible that there is a conflict between
% the packages you have included and those that \nddiss\/ uses.
% If you find yourself in that situtation, there is a mailing list
% for handling support issues with \nddiss\/. 
% Look through the archive, and if there are no answers, please
% send an email to \url{ND-LATEX-USERS@listserv.nd.edu} (registration required).
% The more effort you spend in isolating the problem or in troubleshooting
% will make it more likely that others can reproduce the problem and help
% you solve it.
% Also if you have a problem that you then solve, please also email the list.
% Your doing so will help the next person to have that problem, and will
% also make the maintainers aware of it, so future versions of the class file
% can be better.
%
% \section{Other Packages Used}
% \label{sec:features}
%
% A number of packages are required by default and must be present in your
% \TeX\space search path (if you use a package manager such as MiKTeX or
% TeXLive, it will take care of this for you). As far as possible, these have
% been tested for proper formatting style with the \nddiss\/ class file. The list
% includes
% \textsf{ifthen},
% \textsf{exscale},
% \textsf{ifpdf},
% \textsf{ifluatex},
% \textsf{ifxetex},
% \textsf{xspace},
% \textsf{longtable},
% \textsf{indentfirst},
% \textsf{tabularx},
% \textsf{showkeys},
% \textsf{enumerate},
% \textsf{latexsym}.
% \textsf{epsfig},
% \textsf{color},
% \textsf{graphicx},
% \textsf{url},
% \textsf{setspace}\footnote{v6.7[2000/12/01] or above},
% \textsf{amsmath},
% \textsf{float},
% \textsf{lscape},
% \textsf{rotating},
% \textsf{booktabs}, and
% \textsf{natbib}\footnote{v8.31[2009/07/16] or above}.
% Sameer urges you to read the documentation of these packages available in
% the |TEXMF| tree, if you think you might use their features
% or want to tweak some advanced options. Of these packages,
% \textsf{ifpdf},
% \textsf{longtable},
% \textsf{natbib},
% \textsf{booktabs},
% \textsf{rotating},
% \textsf{url}, and
% \textsf{setspace}
% are not part of the \LaTeX\space required distribution, so you may need
% to download them. They are all available through both MiKTeX and TeXLive;
% note that \textsf{ifpdf} is part of the
% \textsf{oberdiek} bundle, which is what you need to download to get
% that package if it is not already installed on your system.
%
% Other packages may or may not be appropriate for use with the
% \nddiss\space class when producing copies to be submitted to the
% Graduate School. Please be careful when using packages that change the
% default fonts, or the page layout.
%
% In general, the official guidelines of the Graduate School are
% followed to the maximum extent possible. This includes proper
% formatting of the title page and the abstract page (from the
% \textsf{ndthesis} package), numbering of the pages in the \textit{frontmatter},
% generation of properly formatted table of contents, list
% of figures etc., as well as bibliography at the end.
% Per the guide, the number of different fonts and font sizes used is kept to
% a minimum. The contents, all lists and the bibliography are
% single-spaced but the inter-line spacing for the rest of the document
% is double.
%
% \subsection{Generating PDF document}
% \label{subsec:pdfdoc}
%
% The \nddiss\space class also allows production of pdf documents with
% pdf\LaTeX\space. As of Spring 2013, this is the preferred method of
% compilation. In this case, the \textsf{hyperref} and \textsf{pdflscape}
% packages are also required. The \textsf{hyperref} package ensures
% that the generated pdf document contains internal as well as external
% links for citations and bookmarks. A document produced by this method
% also contains embedded fonts (\textit{press quality} pdf) and is suitable
% for electronic submission to the library and for microfilm archiving.
% Although the most appropriate options for \textsf{hyperref} are
% passed on, for advanced features refer to its documentation. The
% \textsf{pdflscape} package flips pages with landscape orientation in the
% pdf file for easier reading, but the location of the page numbers does not change.
%
% Figures must be in pdf, jpeg, png, or gif format, and not in encapsualted
% postscript (eps). An easy way to convert \textit{eps} files to \textit{pdf}
% files is to use the utility |epstopdf| or |eps2pdf|, which should be
% available on your unix-like distribution already (should you have one). It is also
% possible to convert your eps files to pdfs using an online conversion tool.
% Searching for ``eps to pdf'' brought up several free options in Fall 2012.
%
%
%
% \StopEventually{%
%   \footnotesize
%   \PrintChanges
%   }
%
% \clearpage
% \section{The Implementation}
% Following is our attempt at documenting the source of the
% \nddiss\space class file for the \TeX\space hackers.
%
% \small\mbox{}\\
% \iffalse (Don't show this in the doc).
%<*class>
% \fi
% At the start, we define the base version of \LaTeXe\space needed and
% the label information for the \nddiss\space class.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1999/12/01]
\ProvidesClass{nddiss2e}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%</class>
% \fi
% \iffalse (Don't show this in the doc).
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<template>\ProvidesFile{template.tex}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
    [2016/10/16 v3.2016%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \iffalse
%<*class>
% \fi
%    \begin{macrocode}
     Notre Dame Dissertation document class]
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\dissfileversion}
% \begin{macro}{\dissfiledate}
% The |\dissfileversion| and |\dissfiledate| macros contain the version and the date
% of the release.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\dissfileversion}{3.2017.2}
\providecommand{\dissfiledate}{2017/05/09}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \iffalse
%</class>
% \fi
% \iffalse (Don't show this in the doc).
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<template>     Template file for NDdiss2e class]
%    \end{macrocode}
% \fi
% \iffalse
%<*class>
% \fi
% New boolean variables for the options used in \nddiss\ class are
% set here with default values.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifdiss@draft             \diss@drafttrue
\newif\ifdiss@review            \diss@reviewfalse
\newif\ifdiss@final             \diss@finalfalse
\newif\ifinfo@page              \info@pagetrue
\newif\ifadvisors@two           \advisors@twofalse
\newif\ifdiss@dedication        \diss@dedicationfalse
\newif\ifnum@refs               \num@refstrue
\newif\ifcentered@chaptitle     \centered@chaptitletrue
\newif\if@ltfirstcaption
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{draft}
% \begin{macro}{review}
% \begin{macro}{final}
% Exactly one of these options must be present in order to get a proper document. These
% options set appropriate boolean variables (flags) and pass some common
% options to the parent {\sffamily book} class.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{draft}{
    \setlength\overfullrule{5pt}
    \typeout{DRAFT MODE}\typeout{}\info@pagefalse%
    \diss@drafttrue\diss@reviewfalse\diss@finalfalse
    \PassOptionsToClass{letterpaper,oneside,draft}{book} }
%
\DeclareOption{review}{
    \typeout{REVIEW MODE}\typeout{}\info@pagetrue%
    \diss@draftfalse\diss@reviewtrue\diss@finalfalse
    \PassOptionsToClass{12pt,letterpaper,oneside,final}{book} }
%
\DeclareOption{final}{
    \setlength\overfullrule{0pt}
    \typeout{FINAL MODE}\typeout{}\info@pagetrue%
    \diss@draftfalse\diss@reviewfalse\diss@finaltrue
    \PassOptionsToClass{12pt,letterpaper,oneside,final}{book} }
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{numrefs}
% \begin{macro}{textrefs}
% The options |numrefs| or |textrefs| select the appropriate citation style i.e.\/
% ``numbered'' or ``textual'', respectively. By
% choosing |textrefs|, one can get ``author-date'' style of citation in the
% text. The default is |numrefs|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{numrefs}{
  \typeout{NUMBERED REFERENCES}\num@refstrue}
\DeclareOption{textrefs}{
  \typeout{TEXTUAL REFERENCES}\num@refsfalse}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% The option |nocenter| allows non-centered chapter titles.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{nocenter}{\centered@chaptitlefalse}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% The |openbib| option is useful
% in creating indented bibliography.
% Usually you would not need to use this option since the default layout of the
% |bibliography| is very much acceptable.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{openbib}{%
   \PassOptionsToPackage{openbib}{natbib}
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% The |sort| option is passed to natbib, and causes multiple citations to be
% listed in the sequence they appear in the bibliography.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{sort}{%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{sort}{natbib}
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% The |compress| option is passed to natbib, and causes numerical citations to
% be compressed so that, e.g. 1,2,3 becomes 1-3. Does not also sort.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{compress}{%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{compress}{natbib}
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% The |sort&compress| option sorts numerical citations, and then compresses them.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{sort&compress}{%
    \PassOptionsToPackage{sort&compress}{natbib}
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% The other options are declared in the following lines.
% \begin{macro}{twoadvisors}
% The |twoadvisors|
% option sets the flag for modifying the layout of the title page.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{twoadvisors}{\typeout{TWO ADVISORS}\typeout{}%
    \advisors@twotrue}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{10pt}
% \begin{macro}{11pt}
% \begin{macro}{12pt}
% The options |10pt|, |11pt| or |12pt| are passed on to the {\sffamily book}
% class if appropriate, depending on whether the |\diss@draft| flag is set true.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{10pt}{%
 \ifdiss@draft%
  \PassOptionsToClass{10pt}{book}%
 \else%
  \OptionNotUsed%
  \ClassWarningNoLine{nddiss2e}%
    {Font size 10pt not allowed; using 12pt}%
 \fi%
}
\DeclareOption{11pt}{%
 \ifdiss@draft%
  \PassOptionsToClass{11pt}{book}%
 \else%
  \OptionNotUsed%
  \ClassWarningNoLine{nddiss2e}%
    {Font size 11pt not allowed; using 12pt}%
 \fi
}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{%
   \PassOptionsToClass{12pt}{book}%
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{noinfo}{\info@pagefalse}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% The |twoside| option is for when you want to prepare a two-sided
% document for your own use. The only difference from the one-sided document
% is in the page layout. This option is passed on to the parent {\sffamily
% book} class.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\typeout{TWO SIDED DOCUMENT}%
  \PassOptionsToClass{twoside}{book} }%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% All options other than those defined above are ignored and
% a warning is printed
% on the screen during compile-time. After processing all the options, the
% \textsf{book} class is loaded with the specified options.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption*{\ClassWarning{nddiss2e}%
    {UnknownOption `\CurrentOption'} }%
\ProcessOptions\relax
\LoadClass{book}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% At this stage, the packages \textsf{ifthen}, \textsf{exscale},
% \textsf{etoolbox} \textsf{ifpdf}, \textsf{ifluatex},
% \textsf{ifxetex}, \textsf{longtable}, \textsf{xspace}, \textsf{
% indentfirst}, \textsf{tabularx}, \textsf{enumerate} and \textsf{
% latexsym} are loaded. It is important to load these in a specific
% order so as not to cause conflicts in definitions of certain macros.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage{ifthen,exscale,etoolbox}
\RequirePackage{ifpdf,ifluatex,ifxetex}
\ifboolexpr{bool{pdf} or bool{xetex} or bool{luatex}}{}{%
  \ClassError{nddiss2e}{%
      PDF Output is required to support the PDF/A format.
  }{DVI output is not supported. Use pdflatex to generate the dissertation.}
}
\RequirePackage[a-2b]{pdfx}
\RequirePackage{longtable}
\RequirePackage{threeparttable}
\RequirePackage[flushleft]{threeparttablex}
\RequirePackage{xspace}
\RequirePackage{indentfirst}
\RequirePackage{tabularx}
\RequirePackage{enumerate}
\RequirePackage{latexsym}
\RequirePackage{textcase}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% If the |\diss@final| is set false (when using |draft| or |review| option) then
% the {\sffamily showkeys} package is also loaded.
%    \begin{macrocode}
% \ifdiss@final\relax\else\RequirePackage{showkeys}\fi
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Depending in whether you are using pdf\LaTeX\space or plain \LaTeX\space,
% \textsf{epsfig}, \textsf{color} and \textsf{graphicx} are loaded
% with respective options.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifboolexpr{bool{pdf} or bool{xetex} or bool{luatex}}{%
  \RequirePackage{epsfig}
  \RequirePackage{color}
  \RequirePackage{graphicx}
  \AtBeginDocument{
  \pdfadjustspacing=1
  }
}{%
  \RequirePackage[dvips]{epsfig}
  \RequirePackage[dvips]{color}
  \RequirePackage[dvips]{graphicx}
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now the \textsf{natbib} package is loaded
% with its options, appropriate to |numrefs| or |textrefs| class option. If |numrefs| is
% specified, then \textsf{natbib} is read-in with its options for
% ``numbered'' references and sorted \& compressed (eg. |[3-6,8-10]|).
% In this case, the default delimiter is square brackets and the
% default seperator is a comma. For the |textrefs| option, the
% \textsf{natbib} package is read-in so as to sort the references in an
% ``author-date'' style of citations.
% The default delimiter and seperator, in this case, are round brackets and
% colon, respectively.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifnum@refs
  \RequirePackage[numbers]{natbib}
\else
  \RequirePackage[authoryear]{natbib}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% Additionally, the packages \textsf{amsmath}, \textsf{float}, \textsf{booktabs},
% \textsf{rotating}, \textsf{url} and \textsf{setspace} are loaded
% when (pdf)\LaTeX\space processes |\begin{document}|. Again, the
% order of these packages is important. Additionaly when using
% pdf\LaTeX\space, the package \textsf{hyperref} (for
% internal/external links in the document) is also loaded. The options
% for this package have been tested to produce a document which can be
% printed on laser printers without any problems because of colored
% link boxes.  Megan added required package pdflscape, which is part
% of the oberdiek bundle in MiKTeX and TeXLive.  Using this package
% will flip landscape pages on the screen so that it's easier to read.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{
\RequirePackage{amsmath}
\RequirePackage{float}
\RequirePackage{booktabs}
\RequirePackage{rotating}
\RequirePackage{url}
\RequirePackage[doublespacing]{setspace}[2000/12/01]
\ifboolexpr{bool{pdf} or bool{xetex} or bool{luatex}}{%
  \ifluatex
    \RequirePackage[luatex]{pdflscape}
  \else
    \ifxetex
      \RequirePackage[xetex]{pdflscape}
    \else
      \ifpdf
        \RequirePackage{pdflscape}
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
  % cannot use RequirePackage since pdfx also includes hyperref
  \hypersetup{
            plainpages=false,
            pdfpagelabels,
            bookmarks=true,%
            bookmarksnumbered=true,%
            linktocpage=true,%
            breaklinks=true,%
            bookmarkstype=toc,%
            colorlinks=false,%
            pdfpagemode=UseOutlines}
}{}
}
\RequirePackage{metalogo}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Set the |\pagestyle| for the document to |plain| here
% and define default spacing.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{
\pagestyle{plain}
\normalspacing
\typeout{Pagestyle and spacing normal}
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Here, define some spacing macros for page layout and doublespacing.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\normalspacing}{\doublespacing}
\newcommand\single@baselinestretch{0.979}
\newcommand\double@baselinestretch{1.625}
\newlength{\usedtextsize}
\setlength{\usedtextsize}{\f@size pt}
\newlength{\single@skip}
\setlength{\single@skip}{\single@baselinestretch \usedtextsize}
\newlength{\double@skip}
\setlength{\double@skip}{\double@baselinestretch \usedtextsize}
\setlength{\footnotesep}{\double@skip}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Define new lengths for some variables for a proper layout of normal pages,
% pages with text and figures and pages with only floats. Note that although
% the geometry package is usually easier, when Megan tried to switch to that
% she discovered that something ends up overwriting it and, although the
% the showframe option showed that the margins were setting correctly, the text
% didn't look like they were.  So these length values are set to what geometry
% said they should be to get a 1.5 in left margin and 1 in margins on all other
% sides (we'll use vspace commands later to get the 2 in top margin on pages
% where that's needed).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\setlength{\hoffset}{0pt}
\setlength{\voffset}{0pt}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-32pt}
\setlength{\headsep}{20pt}
\setlength{\marginparwidth}{47pt}
\setlength{\marginparsep}{7pt}
\setlength{\textheight}{648pt}
\setlength{\textwidth}{432pt}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{36pt}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{36pt}
\setlength{\footskip}{30pt}
%
\setlength{\floatsep}{30pt}
\setlength{\intextsep}{50pt}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{\newpage{\pagestyle{empty}%
    \cleardoublepage}}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\nddiss} Define the macro |\nddiss| that is the logo
% used in the titlepage and the stamp in the dissertation document.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\nddiss}{%
        \textsf{{\scshape nd}diss}\kern-0.03em%
        2$_\mathsf{\textstyle\varepsilon}$}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\work}
% \begin{macro}{\degaward}
% \begin{macro}{\advisor}
% \begin{macro}{\secondadvisor}
% \begin{macro}{\department}
% \begin{macro}{\degdate}
% \iffalse (does not appear in documentation)
% In 2005 the Graduate School wanted us to list our degrees after our names.
% In 2013 they no longer want this, so Megan removed the macro.
% Here's the code for it, in case they change their minds again:
% \begin{macro}{\degprior} (goes with the other \begin{macro}s above)
% \newcommand{\degprior}[1]{\def\@degprior{#1}} (goes with other newcommands below)
% \fi
% Here define new macros for use in the dissertation title page.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\title}[1]{\def\@title{#1}}
\newcommand{\work}[1]{\def\@work{#1}}
\newcommand{\degaward}[1]{\def\@degaward{#1}}
\newcommand{\advisor}[1]{\def\@advisor{#1}}
\ifadvisors@two
    \newcommand{\secondadvisor}[1]{\def\@secondadvisor{#1}}
\fi
\newcommand{\department}[1]{\def\@department{#1}}
\newcommand{\degdate}[1]{\def\@degdate{#1}}
  \degdate{\ifcase\month\or
    January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
    July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
    \space\number\year}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% As a default, these macros have an empty arguement. Only the |\degdate| macro
% takes on the current month-year combination in the absence of any assignation.
%^^A Removed 9-18-12:   \degprior{}
%    \begin{macrocode}
% Defaults are empty except the \degdate
  \title{}
  \author{}
  \work{}
  \degaward{}
  \advisor{}
  \ifadvisors@two \secondadvisor{} \fi
  \department{}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\@infopage}
% Define |\@infopage| macro that will create a page which contains
% important information about the document and the version of \nddiss\space
% used etc.\ for the end-user and the proofreader along with a standard
% disclaimer and
% details of where to find documentation for the \nddiss\space class
% file. This information can be suppressed by specifying the ``|noinfo|''
% option while invoking the \nddiss\space class.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\@infopage}{
  \thispagestyle{empty}
  \null\vspace*{\single@skip}
  \begin{center}
    This \@work\space \\ entitled \\ \MakeTextUppercase{\@title} \\
        typeset with \nddiss\ v%
      \dissfileversion\ (\dissfiledate) %
      on \today\space for\\
  \@author\\
  \end{center}

   \normalfont\normalsize\singlespacing

   \noindent This \LaTeXe\space classfile conforms to the
   University of Notre Dame style guidelines as of Fall
   2012. However it is still possible to generate a
   non-conformant document if the instructions in the class
   file documentation are not followed!

   \begin{center}
   \begin{minipage}{0.75\textwidth}
   \noindent Be sure to refer to the published Graduate
   School guidelines at \url{http://graduateschool.nd.edu}
   as well. Those guidelines override everything mentioned
   about formatting in the documentation for
   this \nddiss\space class file.
   \end{minipage}
   \end{center}

  \noindent\itshape This page can be disabled by
  specifying the ``{\upshape\ttfamily noinfo}'' option to the class invocation.
  \upshape
(i.e.,{\ttfamily{\textbackslash}documentclass[\ldots,noinfo]\{nddiss2e\}}
)
  \begin{center}
    {\bfseries\large\singlespacing This page is \slshape NOT
    \upshape part of the dissertation/thesis. It should be disabled before
   making final, formal submission, but should be included in the version
   submitted for format check.}
  \end{center}
    \normalsize\normalfont
    \nddiss\ documentation can be found at these locations:
  \begin{center}
    \url{http://graduateschool.nd.edu} \\
    \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/nddiss}
  \end{center}

\vfill
\normalfont\normalsize\normalspacing\eject}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\maketitle}
% Redefine the macro |\maketitle| to produce the information page as well as
% the actual title page of the dissertation.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\maketitle}{
  \ifinfo@page\@infopage\else\relax\fi%
  \clearemptydoublepage
  \normalfont\normalsize\normalspacing
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{titlepage}
% The structuring begins with checking the proper macros for
% obtaining correct formatting for the title page. If any of those are
% not defined, an error is issued and processing stopped. Most of the code for
% this was taken from the earlier {\sffamily ndthesis} class and hence, the
% documentation is also picked from there.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \begin{titlepage}%
\ifthenelse{\equal{\@work}{}}{\ClassError{nddiss2e}%
  {The \protect\work\space macro is undefined.\MessageBreak
        The title page may be incorrectly formatted.}%
  {Specify \protect\work\space as Dissertation or Thesis}}{\relax}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\@degaward}{}}{\ClassError{nddiss2e}%
  {The \protect\degaward\space macro is undefined.\MessageBreak
        The title page may be incorrectly formatted.}%
  {Specify \protect\degaward\space. It defines the awarded degree%
         (Ph.D., M.S., etc.)}}{\relax}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\@advisor}{}}{\ClassError{nddiss2e}%
  {The \protect\advisor\space macro is undefined.\MessageBreak
        The title page may be incorrectly formatted.}%
  {Spepcify \protect\advisor\space It is who signs your walking papers!}}{\relax}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\@department}{}}{\ClassError{nddiss2e}%
  {The \protect\department\space macro is undefined.\MessageBreak
        The title page may be incorrectly formatted.}%
  {Specify which \protect\department\space is awarding your degree?}}{\relax}
\ifadvisors@two
  \ifthenelse{\equal{\@secondadvisor}{}}{\ClassError{nddiss2e}%
  {The \protect\secondadvisor\space macro is undefined.\MessageBreak
            The title page may be incorrectly formatted.}%
  {Use \protect\secondadvisor\space for your second advisor}}{\relax}
\fi
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% Now set up some skip registers to
% hold the inter-data spacing.  The initial values will create a two-inch top margin
% for the title page, provided the title is only one line long. |\skip1| is the primary
% internal spacing command; |\skip2| is the spacing between the student's name and the
% line for the first adviser to sign if there are two advisers and |\skip3| is the
% spacing between the student's name and the line for the adviser to sign if there is
% only one adviser; |\skip4| controls the top margin.  We'll account for titles longer
% than one line in a bit \ldots
%    \begin{macrocode}
\skip1=2.1\double@skip
\skip2=1.7\double@skip
\skip3=2.7\double@skip
\skip4=36pt
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% If the author has two advisors, we need to do a little tweaking to the
% internal spacing.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 \ifadvisors@two
   \skip1=1.6\double@skip
 \else\relax
 \fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% The 2012 formatting guidelines require the title to be 2'' from the top of page.
% If it's more than one line long, we need to adjust the internal spacing:
%    \begin{macrocode}
 \setbox0=\vbox{\MakeTextUppercase{\@title}}
 \ifdim \ht0 > 3\double@skip
   \advance \skip1 -.75\double@skip
 \else
   \ifdim \ht0 > 2\double@skip
     \advance\skip1 -.5\double@skip
   \else
     \ifdim \ht0 > \double@skip
       \advance\skip1 -.25\double@skip
     \fi
   \fi
 \fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% Our default assumes a one-line \textsf{degree} field such as
% \begin{center}
% Doctor of Philosophy
% \end{center}
% but we check to see if it is two or three lines long.
% If so, we need to remove those extra lines from the internal spacing.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 \setbox1=\vbox{\@degaward}
 \ifdim \ht1 > 2\double@skip
   \advance\skip1 -.5\double@skip
 \else
   \ifdim \ht1 > \double@skip
     \advance \skip1 -.25\double@skip
   \else
     \relax
   \fi
 \fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% If we have two advisers, a three or four line title, and a
% three line degree field or two advisers, a four line title, and
% a two line degree field, then we need to remove some spacing between
% the name and the first adviser and from the top margin,
% and give that space to the internal spacing.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifadvisors@two
    \ifdim \ht0 > 3\double@skip
      \ifdim \ht1 > \double@skip
        \advance \skip4 -.675\double@skip
        \advance \skip2 -.4\double@skip
        \advance \skip1 .25\double@skip
      \else \relax
      \fi
    \else
      \ifdim \ht0 > 2\double@skip
        \ifdim \ht1 > 2\double@skip
          \advance \skip2 -.4\double@skip
          \advance \skip1 .1\double@skip
        \else \relax
        \fi
      \else \relax
      \fi
    \fi
  \else \relax
  \fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% Finally we start putting the text in place \ldots centered, of course.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \null\vspace*{\skip4}
  \begin{center}%
    \MakeTextUppercase{\@title} \par%
    \vskip\skip1%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now skip the required vertical space, declare that this is for the
% University of Notre Dame, and list what degree has been earned.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    A \@work \par%
    \vskip\skip1%
      Submitted to the Graduate School \\
          of the University of Notre Dame \\
          in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements \\
          for the Degree of \par
        \vskip\skip1%
        \@degaward%
        \vskip\skip1%
        by \\%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now format the author's name.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \@author
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now skip the proper space and place the signature line for the advisor
% with his/her name typeset below it.  This is accomplished by essentially
% centering a box that is twice as long as the required length of the
% signature line and placing the line in only the right-hand side.
%    \begin{macrocode}
     \ifadvisors@two
        \vskip\skip2
        \hspace*{2.75in}\underline{\hspace{2.75in}}\\%
        \hspace*{2.75in}\@advisor, Co-Director\\
     \else
        \vskip\skip3
        \hspace*{2.75in}\underline{\hspace{2.75in}}\\%
        \hspace*{2.75in}\@advisor, Director\\
     \fi%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% If there is a second advisor, place that line here now.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifadvisors@two %
      \vskip\double@skip%
        \hspace*{2.75in}\underline{\hspace{2.75in}}\\%
        \hspace*{2.75in}\@secondadvisor, Co-Director\\
\fi
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% We end with the department and date; the internal spacing is chosen so
% that these are at the page bottom.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \vskip\skip1%
  Graduate Program in \@department \\%
  Notre Dame, Indiana \\
  \@degdate
  \end{center}
  \end{titlepage}%
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{environment}{copyrightpage}
% The environment |copyrightpage| defines
% the defaults for proper formatting the copyright page (if opted).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{copyrightpage}{%
  \clearemptydoublepage
  \typeout{Copyright page}
  \pagestyle{empty}
  \null\vfil
  \begin{center}\normalspacing}%
{ \end{center}\vfil\null \clearpage }
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{macro}{\copyrightholder}
% \begin{macro}{\copyrightyear}
% Define a few macros for defining the copyright holder and the year
% desired. By default, they are taken as the current year and the |author|
% of the dissertation.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\@copyrightyear}{\the\year}
\newcommand{\@copyrightholder}{\@author}
\newcommand{\@copyrightlicense}{All Rights Reserved}
\newcommand{\copyrightyear}[1]{\renewcommand{\@copyrightyear}{#1}}
\newcommand{\copyrightholder}[1]{\renewcommand{\@copyrightholder}{#1}}
\newcommand{\copyrightlicense}[1]{\renewcommand{\@copyrightlicense}{#1}}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\makecopyright}
% Finally, the |\makecopyright| macro creates the
% copyright page as per defined in the |copyrightpage| environment.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\makecopyright}{%
  \ifdiss@final
    \begin{copyrightpage}
    \normalfont\normalsize
    \copyright\space Copyright by \\
    \@copyrightholder \\
    \@copyrightyear\\
    \@copyrightlicense \\[10mm]
    \end{copyrightpage}
  \fi
}%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\makepublicdomain}
% Or, if chosen, |\makepublicdomain| macro
% creates a copyright page (using earlier |copyrightpage| environment) that
% puts the document in public domain.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\makepublicdomain}{%
  \ifdiss@final
    \begin{copyrightpage}
       This document is in the public domain.
    \end{copyrightpage}
  \fi
}%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% Define some new name macros and redefine other name macros as below. These
% are the names of the respective sections in your dissertation document. If
% there's a need to change any name, you must use a similar command in the
% preamble of your document.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\abstractname}{Abstract}
\providecommand{\dedicationname}{\mbox{}}
\providecommand{\prefacename}{Preface}
\providecommand{\acknowledgename}{Acknowledgments}
\providecommand{\symbolsname}{Symbols}
\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table}
\renewcommand{\figurename}{Figure}
\renewcommand{\partname}{Part}
\renewcommand{\chaptername}{Chapter}
\renewcommand{\appendixname}{Appendix}
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Contents}
\renewcommand{\listfigurename}{Figures}
\renewcommand{\listtablename}{Tables}
\renewcommand{\bibname}{Bibliography}
\renewcommand{\indexname}{Index}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{environment}{abstract}
% This environment is adapted
% from the \textsf{report} class since
% the \textsf{book} class does not have one. Additionally, we add
% a |\pdfbookmark| for the abstract in the pdf document.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{abstract}{%
  \ifboolexpr{bool{pdf} or bool{xetex} or bool{luatex}}{%
     \pdfbookmark[0]{\abstractname}{abstract}%abstract.0
  }{}
  \typeout{Abstract page(s)}
  \renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\@empty}
  \renewcommand{\@evenfoot}{\@empty}
%    \end{macrocode}
% If the abstract extends to a second page,
% place the author's name in top right corner of that page.  Make
% sure it's upright, as required by the University and that this appears
% at $0.75''$ from the top.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \let\@evenhead\@oddhead
  \renewcommand{\@oddhead}{\hfil{\upshape\@author}}
  \titlepage
  \null
  \begin{center}
  \vspace*{36pt}
  {\normalsize\mdseries \normalspacing
     \MakeTextUppercase{\@title} \\[3.5ex]
     \normalsize\abstractname \\ by \\ \@author\space}%
   \@endparpenalty \@M
   \end{center}\par}%
{\par\vfil\null\endtitlepage}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{environment}{dedication}
% The \textsf{dedication} environment is similar to
% the \textsf{abstract} environment. This page is numbered 2 and the
% subsequent pages are numbered accordingly. A pdfbookmark is
% not created because of a reported issue that Adobe products have with
% pdfbookmarks containing an |\mbox|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{dedication}{%
  \global\diss@dedicationtrue
  \typeout{Dedication page}
  \chapter*{\dedicationname}%
  \thispagestyle{plain}
  \setcounter{page}{2}
  \null\centering}
{\par\null\clearpage}%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{macro}{\tableofcontents} The |\tableofcontents| macro is redefined to
% begin at page 2 if the dedication environment does not exist. It is
% single-spaced.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
  \ifdiss@dedication\relax\else\setcounter{page}{2}\fi
  \chapter*{\contentsname}%
  \ifboolexpr{bool{pdf} or bool{xetex} or bool{luatex}}{%
      \pdfbookmark[0]{\contentsname}{contents}%contents.0
  }{}
  \singlespacing
  \@starttoc{toc}%
  \normalspacing
  }
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\listoffigures}
% \begin{macro}{\listoftables}
% These macros are modified to add the
% |\listfigurename| and |\listoftables|
% to the Table of Contents. Both of these are also single spaced. The
% inter-entry spacing is changed by adding a |\vskip| after each entry. This is
% done in the |figure| and |table| environments later.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand\listoffigures{%
    \chapter*{\listfigurename}%
    \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\listfigurename}%
    \typeout{List of figures - \listfigurename}
    \singlespacing
    \@starttoc{lof}%
    \normalspacing
}
%
\renewcommand\listoftables{%
    \chapter*{\listtablename}%
    \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\listtablename}%
    \typeout{List of tables - \listtablename}
    \singlespacing
    \@starttoc{lot}%
    \normalspacing
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{environment}{preface}
% \begin{environment}{acknowledgement}
% These environments are similar to the \textsf{dedication} environment. They are
% defined as |\chapter*{}| so they are not numbered and not added to Table of
% Contents and so, add that manually by using |\addcontentsline|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{preface}{%
  \typeout{Preface page}
  \chapter*{\prefacename}
  \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\prefacename}%
}%
{\par\null\clearpage}%
%
\newenvironment{acknowledge}{%
  \typeout{Acknowledgment page}
  \chapter*{\acknowledgename}
  \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\acknowledgename}%
}%
{\par\null\clearpage}%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{macro}{\unnumchapter}
% Allows the user to create unnumbered chapters that appear in the TOC.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\unnumchapter[1]{%
  \chapter*{#1}%
  \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{environment}{symbols}
% \begin{macro}{\sym}
% Define \textsf{symbols} environment which lays out it as a |\chapter*| and
% adds |\symbolsname| to the TOC. The environment is actually a horizontally
% centered \textsf{longtable} environment. To aid entry of a \emph{symbol} and
% its definition, |\sym| macro command is also defined.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\sym}[2]{\ensuremath{#1} & #2 \\}
\newenvironment{symbols}[1][rl]{%
  \typeout{Symbols page}
  \chapter*{\symbolsname}%
  \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\symbolsname}%
  \begin{center}\begin{longtable}{#1}}%
{\end{longtable}\end{center}\par\null}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{environment}
% Modify chapter definition in |\@chapter| to put the word
% ``Chapter''  (|\@chapapp|) in the Table of Contents.
% That is, now the TOC will contain
% ``Chapter 1:  First chapter''  rather than
% ``1.  First chapter.''
% The rest of the format code is essentially the same as
% that in the \textsf{book} class.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@chapter[#1]#2{
  \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
  \if@mainmatter
    \refstepcounter{chapter}%
    \typeout{\MakeTextUppercase{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}}%
    \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
      {{\@chapapp\ \thechapter: #1}}%
    \else
      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
    \fi
  \else
     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
  \fi
  \chaptermark{#1}%
  \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
  \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
  \@makechapterhead{\MakeTextUppercase{#2}}%
  \@afterheading }%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Modify part definition in |\@part| and |\@spart| to keep the font
% size for part headings |\normalsize| and |\mdseries|. It is otherwise
% the same as in the \textsf{book} class.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\@part[#1]#2{%
  \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
    \refstepcounter{part}%
    \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
  \else
    \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
  \fi
  \markboth{}{}%
  {\centering
   \interlinepenalty \@M
   \normalfont
   \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
     \normalsize\mdseries \partname\nobreakspace\thepart
     \par
     \vskip 20\p@
   \fi
  \normalsize\mdseries \MakeTextUppercase{#2}\par}%
  \@endpart}
\def\@spart#1{%
    {\centering
     \interlinepenalty \@M
     \normalfont
     \normalsize\mdseries #1\par}%
    \@endpart}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now format section headings to conform to the official guidelines.
% \begin{macro}{\@makechapterhead}
% First, modify the chapter heading label to be normalsize'd
% and centered. Instead of the bold-faced heading label,
% also make it |\mdseries|.
% If we are in the |\mainmatter|, we add ``CHAPTER''
% and chapter number before actually putting the chapter name otherwise only the
% ``chapter name'' is put. Note that chapter/section headings must all be
% double-spaced.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\@makechapterhead}[1]{%
  \vspace*{30pt}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
      \normalfont\normalsize%
      \if@mainmatter
        \ifcentered@chaptitle\center\else\relax\fi%
        \MakeTextUppercase{\@chapapp{} \thechapter}\par\nobreak
      \fi
    \fi
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \ifcentered@chaptitle\center\else\relax\fi%
    \mdseries{#1}\par\nobreak
    \vskip 30\p@
  }}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\@makeschapterhead}
% Make the TOC, LOF, LOT and other |\chapter*| headings in normal size,
% and |\mdseries| by modifying the macro |\@makeschapterhead|. Although these
% heading labels usually fit in a single-line, we copy the formatting for
% the chapter heading label (single-spacing) and make the spacing double again
% for the text.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\@makeschapterhead}[1]{%
  \vspace*{30pt}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
     \normalfont\normalsize%
     \interlinepenalty\@M
     \ifcentered@chaptitle\center\else\relax\fi
     \mdseries{\MakeTextUppercase{#1}}\par\nobreak
     \vskip 30\p@
  }}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% Now, set the section labels to |\mdseries| rather than bold-faced. We also
% make sure that these are set in normal spacing, font and size.
% This is done for each
% of |\section|, |\subsection|, |\subsubsection|, |\subsubsubsection|,
% |\paragraph| and |\subparagraph|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand\section{\suppressfloats[t]%
    \@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
    {-4.2ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
    {1.8ex \@plus.2ex}%
    {\normalfont\normalsize\mdseries} }
\renewcommand\subsection{\suppressfloats[t]%
    \@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
    {-3.9ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
    {1.2ex \@plus .2ex}%
    {\normalfont\normalsize\mdseries} }
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\suppressfloats[t]%
    \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
    {-3.9ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
    {1.2ex \@plus .2ex}%
    {\normalfont\normalsize\mdseries} }
\renewcommand\paragraph{%
    \@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
    {3.9ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
    {-1em}%
    {\normalfont\normalsize\mdseries} }
\renewcommand\subparagraph{%
    \@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
    {3.9ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
    {-1em}%
    {\normalfont\normalsize\mdseries} }
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\l@part}
% Modify the macro |\l@part| that formats part titles in the
% contents-like files (|.toc|, |.lof| and |.lot|) by adding a |\@dottedtocline|
% macro. The indent width is set to 1.5em - to line up a continued line with
% the section number below it. We also leave less space between each part
% and the last section entry than the default and don't change the font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand*\l@part[2]{%
  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
    \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
    \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
    \begingroup
      {\leavevmode
       \@dottedtocline{1}{0pt}{\@tempdima}{#1}{#2}
      }\par
       \nobreak
         \global\@nobreaktrue
         \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
    \endgroup
  \fi}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\l@chapter}
% Modify the macro |\l@chapter| that formats chapter titles in the
% contents-like files (|.toc|, |.lof| and |.lot|) by adding a |\@dottedtocline|
% macro. The indent width is set to 1.5em - to line up a continued line with
% the section number below it. We also leave less space between each chapter
% and the last section entry than the default.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand*{\l@chapter}[2]{%
  \addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}%
  \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
  \begingroup \leavevmode
  \@dottedtocline{1}{0pt}{\@tempdima}{#1}{#2}
  \par
  \penalty\@highpenalty
  \endgroup
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\thesubsubsection}
% We increase the number of section-depth by 1 and force subsubsection entry in the TOC
% by increasing the |\tocdepth|. In addition, the label number of
% |\subsubsection| is defined to be similar to that for |\subsection| i.\/e.\/
% all arabic numerals.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\addtocounter{secnumdepth}{1}
\addtocounter{tocdepth}{1}
\renewcommand{\thesubsubsection}{%
   \thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{environment}{quote}
% Redefine the |quote| environment to be single-spaced instead of being same
% as the rest of the text.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewenvironment{quote}
               {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
                 \singlespacing
               \item\relax}
               {\endlist}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{environment}{itemize}
% Redefine the |itemize| environment so that each item is
% single-spaced, but with a line of space between each item.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\realitemize\itemize
\let\endrealitemize\enditemize
\renewenvironment{itemize}
          {\realitemize
            \singlespacing}
          {\endrealitemize
            \doublespacing}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}{itemize}
% \begin{environment}{enumerate}
% Redefine the |enumerate| environment so that each item is
% single-spaced, but with a line of space between each item.
% Note we need the optional argument in order to be compatible
% with the |enumerate| package
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\realenumerate\enumerate
\let\endrealenumerate\endenumerate
\renewenvironment{enumerate}[1][1.]
          {\realenumerate[#1]
            \singlespacing}
          {\endrealenumerate
            \doublespacing}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}{enumerate}
% \begin{environment}{description}
% Redefine the |description| environment so that each item is
% single-spaced, but with a line of space between each item.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\realdescription\description
\let\endrealdescription\enddescription
\renewenvironment{description}
          {\realdescription
            \singlespacing}
          {\endrealdescription
            \doublespacing}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}{description}
% Set some lengths that are used in the |table| and the |figure|
% environments. Note that we set the caption width (|\capwidth|)
% to be 90\% of the |\textwidth|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{20\p@}
\newlength\capwidth
\setlength{\capwidth}{0.90\textwidth}
\newlength\abovetableskip
\newlength\belowtableskip
\newlength\abovefigureskip
\newlength\belowfigureskip
\setlength\abovetableskip\belowcaptionskip
\setlength\belowtableskip\abovecaptionskip
\setlength\abovefigureskip\abovecaptionskip
\setlength\belowfigureskip\belowcaptionskip
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{environment}{figure}
% For the |figure| environment, first some skip lengths are set, then
% use |\@makefigurecaption| to
% format the captions instead of the default |\@makecaption|, since the
% layout is different for |figure| and the |table| environment. Further
% add a |\vskip| to each entry in |.lof| file so that the
% inter-caption spacing seems double-spaced.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewenvironment{figure}{%
   \setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{\abovefigureskip}
   \setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{\belowfigureskip}
   \let\@makecaption\@makefigurecaption
   \@float{figure}}%
   {%
   \addtocontents{lof}{ {\vskip 0.4em} }%
   \end@float%
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{macro}{\@makefigurecaption}
% The |\@makefigurecaption| is defined to format the caption in a parbox with
% width equal to |\capwidth| and is formatted in
% single-spacing. The interline-spacing is then changed to double after
% the caption.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\def\@makefigurecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \begin{center}
  \parbox{\capwidth}{
    \centering\singlespacing
    {#1}. {#2}%\par
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip\normalspacing }%
  \end{center}
}%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{environment}{table}
% After setting the above and below skip lengths,
% the |table| environment is set to be
% single spaced. However, to obtain double-spacing between the entries,
% redefine the |\arraystretch| to be equivalent to the
% |\double@baselinestretch|. This way, while there are double-spaced entries,
% the entry itself is single-spaced. Similar to that in
% |\@makefigurecaption|, a |\vskip| is added to each entry in the |.lot| file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewenvironment{table}[1][tbp]{%
   \setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{\abovetableskip}
   \setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{\belowtableskip}
   \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{\double@baselinestretch}
   \let\scaption\caption%
   \renewcommand*{\caption}[2][]{%
     \ifthenelse{\equal{##1}{}}{%
       \def\shortcaption{##2}%
     }{%
       \def\shortcaption{##1}%
     }%
     \scaption[\shortcaption]{\MakeTextUppercase{##2}}%
   }%
   \let\@makecaption\@maketablecaption
   \@float{table}[#1]%
   \singlespacing%
   }%
   {%
   \addtocontents{lot}{ {\vskip 0.4em} }%
   \end@float%
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{macro}{\@maketablecaption}
% The |\@maketablecaption| is defined similarly to |\@makefigurecaption|
% to have the table label and caption in
% separate lines and with normal-spacing (double-spaced).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\def\@maketablecaption#1#2{
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \begin{center}
    \makebox[\linewidth]{
      \parbox{\capwidth}{
      \centering\normalspacing
      \MakeTextUppercase{#1}\\[\single@skip]
      {#2}%\par
    \vskip\belowcaptionskip }%
    }%
  \end{center}
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\longtable}
% Similar to the |table| environment,
% the |longtable| environment is made singly-spaced but the |\arraystretch| is
% made equal to double the |baselinestretch|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand\longtable{%
   \singlespacing
   \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{\double@baselinestretch}
   \begingroup
   \@ltfirstcaptiontrue
   \@ifnextchar[\LT@array{\LT@array[x]}}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\endlongtable}
% This bit is taken from |longtable.sty|. In order to obtain double-spacing
% in the list of tables, a |\vskip| of 0.4em is added to |.lot| file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand\endlongtable{%
  \crcr
  \noalign{%
    \let\LT@entry\LT@entry@chop
    \xdef\LT@save@row{\LT@save@row}}%
  \LT@echunk
  \LT@start
  \unvbox\z@
  \LT@get@widths
  \if@filesw
    {\let\LT@entry\LT@entry@write\immediate\write\@auxout{%
      \gdef\expandafter\noexpand
        \csname LT@\romannumeral\c@LT@tables\endcsname
          {\LT@save@row}}}%
  \fi
  \ifx\LT@save@row\LT@@save@row
  \else
    \LT@warn{Column \@width s have changed\MessageBreak
             in table \thetable}%
    \LT@final@warn
  \fi
  \endgraf\penalty -\LT@end@pen
  \addtocontents{lot}{ {\vskip 0.4em} }%
  \endgroup
  \global\@mparbottom\z@
  \pagegoal\vsize
  \endgraf\penalty\z@\addvspace\LTpost
  \ifvoid\footins\else\insert\footins{}\fi
}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\LT@makecaption}
% For the |longtable| environment, the |\LTcapwidth| is set equal to
% |\capwidth|. In order to obtain consistent table captions, the command
% |\LT@makecaption| is modified in a similar manner as |\maketablecaption|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\setlength{\LTcapwidth}{\capwidth}
\renewcommand\LT@makecaption[3]{%
  \LT@mcol\LT@cols c{\hbox to\z@{\hss\parbox[t]\LTcapwidth{%
  \vskip\abovetableskip%
    \centering\normalspacing
    \if@ltfirstcaption
    #1{\MakeTextUppercase{#2} }\\[\single@skip]
    \MakeTextUppercase{#3}\par
    \else%
    #1{\MakeTextUppercase{#2 (continued)} }\par
    \fi
  \global\@ltfirstcaptionfalse
  \endgraf\vskip\belowtableskip}%
  \hss}}}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\timenow}
% This macro is used in making the |\draftheader| and |\reviewheader| below. It
% outputs time in |HH:MM| format.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\timenow{%
  \@tempcnta=\time \divide\@tempcnta by 60 \number\@tempcnta:\multiply
  \@tempcnta by 60 \@tempcntb=\time \advance\@tempcntb by -\@tempcnta
  \ifnum\@tempcntb <10 0\number\@tempcntb\else\number\@tempcntb\fi}
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\diss@header}
% This header is used in the dissertation document when the |draft| or |review|
% option is used. These headers serve as a note for the date and time of the
% document compilation.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\diss@header}{%
    \ifdiss@review Review \else Draft \fi document [\today\/ at \timenow\/]
    }%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% The header prepared above is put in the document by modifiying the \emph{plain}
% and \emph{empty} pagestyles except when the |final| option is chosen.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifdiss@final
    \renewcommand{\ps@plain}{
        \renewcommand{\@oddhead}{\@empty}
        \renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\hfil\thepage\hfil}
        \let\@evenhead\@oddhead
        \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
    }%
\else
    \renewcommand{\ps@plain}{
        \renewcommand{\@oddhead}{\framebox[\textwidth]{
           \centering\footnotesize\tt\diss@header}}%
        \renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\hfil\textrm{\thepage}\hfil}
        \let\@evenhead\@oddhead
        \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
    }%
    \renewcommand{\ps@empty}{
        \renewcommand{\@oddhead}{\framebox[\textwidth]{
           \centering\footnotesize\tt\diss@header}}%
        \renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\@empty}
        \let\@evenhead\@oddhead
        \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
    }%
\fi
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\bibsection}
% By redefining |\bibsection| macro, add the |\bibname| to the table of
% contents and as a chapter heading for the bibliography.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\bibsection}{
  \chapter*{\bibname}%
  \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname}%
}%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\bibfont}
% Changed the |\bibfont| macro to obtain single-spacing within each
% bibliographic entry. Between different entries, it is still |\normalspacing|.
% In addition, when the |numrefs| option is selected, the |\@biblabel| is redefined
% to number the bibliographic entries as |1. xxxx| instead of the default
% |[1] xxxx|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\bibfont}{\singlespacing}
\ifnum@refs
  \renewcommand{\@biblabel}[1]{\hfill#1.\hfill}
\fi
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% Lastly, after the bibliography in the final document,
% add a framed box which contains a blurb about
% the typesetting program and \nddiss\space version used for preparing the
% dissertation document.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifdiss@final
\AtEndDocument{
    \vfill
    \centering\singlespacing
    \framebox[0.85\textwidth]{
    \begin{minipage}{0.80\textwidth}\footnotesize%
    \centering \itshape This document was prepared \& typeset with
    \upshape
    \ifluatex
      \LuaLaTeX
    \else\ifxetex
      \XeLaTeX
    \else\ifpdf
      pdf\LaTeX
    \else
      \LaTeXe
    \fi\fi\fi
    \itshape , and
    formatted with \upshape\nddiss\xspace\itshape classfile
    (v\dissfileversion [\dissfiledate])
    \end{minipage} }
    \clearpage}
\else\relax\fi
%
% \endinput
% End of file `nddiss2e.cls'.
%    \end{macrocode}
%%
% \iffalse
%</class>
% \fi
%
% \iffalse
%<*template>
\documentclass[draft]{nddiss2e}
                     % One of the options draft, review, final must be chosen.
                     % One of the options textrefs or numrefs should be chosen
                     % to specify if you want numerical or ``author-date''
                     % style citations.
                     % Other available options are:
                     % 10pt/11pt/12pt (available with draft only)
                     % twoadvisors
                     % noinfo (should be used when you compile the final time
                     %         for formal submission)
                     % sort (sorts multiple citations in the order that they're
                     %       listed in the bibliography)
                     % compress (compresses numerical citations, e.g. [1,2,3]
                     %           becomes [1-3]; has no effect when used with
                     %           the textrefs option)
                     % sort&compress (sorts and compresses numerical citations;
                     %           is identical to sort when used with textrefs)
\begin{document}

\frontmatter             % All the items before Chapter 1 go in ``frontmatter''

\title{ Title of Work }  % Title

\author{ Jane Doe }      % Author's name
\work{ Dissertation }    % ``Dissertation'' or ``Thesis''
\degaward{ Doctor of Philosophy }  % Degree you're aiming for.
                                   % Should be one of the following options:
                                   % ``Doctor of Philosophy'' (do NOT include ``in Subject'')
                                   % ``Master of Science \\ in \\ Subject''
\advisor{ John Public }  % Advisor's name
 % \secondadvisor{ }     % Second advisor, if used option ``twoadvisors''
\department{ }           % Name of the department

\maketitle               % The title page is created now

 % You must use either the \makecopyright option or the \makepublicdomain option.
 % \copyrightholder{ }   % If you're not the copyright holder
 % \copyrightyear{ }     % If the copyright is not for the current year
 % \makecopyright        % If not making your work public domain
                         % uncomment out \makecopyright
 % \makepublicdomain     % Uncomment this to make your work public domain

 % Including an abstract is optional for a master's thesis, and required for a
 % doctoral dissertation.
 % \begin{abstract}
 % \end{abstract}
 %                       % Either place the text between begin/end, or
 % \include{abstract}    % put it in a file to be included

 % Including a dedication is optional.
 % \renewcommand{\dedicationname}{\mbox{}} % Replace \mbox{} if you want
                                           % something else.
 % \begin{dedication}
 % \end{dedication}
 %                       % Use one of the two choices to add dedication text
 % \include{dedication}

\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables

 % Including a list of symbols is optional.
 %% \renewcommand{\symbolsname}{newsymname} % Replace ``newsymname'' with
                                            % the name you want, and uncomment
 % \begin{symbols}
 % \end{symbols}
 %                       % Use one of the two choices to add symbols text
 % \include{symbols}

 % Including a preface is optional.
 %% \renewcommand{\prefacename}{ } % If you want another Preface name, add
                                   % something else, and uncomment.
 % \begin{preface}
 % \end{preface}
 %                       % Use one of the two choices to add preface text
 % \include{preface}

 % Including an acknowledgements section may or may not be optional. It's hard to
 % tell from the information available in Spring 2013.
 %% \renewcommand{\acknowledgename}{ } % If you want another Acknowledgement name
                                       % add something else, and uncomment
 % \begin{acknowledge}
 % \end{acknowledge}
 %                       % Use one of the two choices to add acknowledge text
 % \include{acknowledgement}

\mainmatter
 % Place the text body here.
 % \include{chapter-one}
 % Begin each chapter with \chapter{Title}.

% Appendices are optional.
\appendix

 % If you have appendices, add them here.
 % Begin each one with \chapter{TITLE} as before. The \appendix command takes
 % care of renaming chapter headings and creates a new page in the Table of
 % Contents for them.
 % \include{appendix-one}

\backmatter              % Place for bibliography and index

% If you are using BibTeX to manage your citations:
% Use the ``nddiss2e'' bibliography style, unless your field does not
% include the titles of journal articles in bibliography entires.
% If you do not want the titles of journal articles to appear, use the
% ``nddiss2enoarticletitles'' bibliography style.

\bibliographystyle{nddiss2e}
 \bibliography{ }           % input the bib-database file name

% If you are not using BibTeX to manage your citations, use
% \begin{thebibliography}{number}
% \end{thebilbiography}
% as usual. Note that if you choose this route, formatting the bibliography
% is your responsibility.

\end{document}

%</template>
% \fi
%%
% \Finale
\endinput
%% End of file : nddiss2e.dtx