path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/koma-script/doc/english/common-footnotes.tex

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% common-footnotes.tex
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% common-footnotes.tex
% Copyright (c) Markus Kohm, 2001-2017
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\KOMAProvidesFile{common-footnotes.tex}
                 [$Date: 2017-04-13 09:48:05 +0200 (Thu, 13 Apr 2017) $
                  KOMA-Script guide (common paragraphs: Footnotes)]
\translator{Markus Kohm\and Krickette Murabayashi}

% Date of the translated German file: 2017-04-13

\section{Footnotes}
\seclabel{footnotes}%
\BeginIndexGroup
\BeginIndex{}{footnotes}%

\IfThisCommonFirstRun{}{%
  All of what is described in
  \autoref{sec:\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.footnotes} is generally
  applicable. So if you have alread read and understood
  \autoref{sec:\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.footnotes} you can switch to
  \autoref{sec:\ThisCommonLabelBase.footnotes.next},
  \autopageref{sec:\ThisCommonLabelBase.footnotes.next}.%
}

\IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
  \KOMAScript{}, unlike the standard classes, provides features for
  configuration of the footnote block format.%
}{%
  \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{%
    The commands for setting footnotes may be found at each introduction into
    \LaTeX, e.\,g., at \cite{lshort}. \KOMAScript{} provides additional
    features to change the footnote block format.%
  }{%
    \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrextend}{%
      Package \Package{scrextend} supports all the footnote features of the
      \KOMAScript{} classes. Nevertheless, by default the footnotes are under
      full control of the used class. This changes as soon as command
      \DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.deffootnote} (see
      \DescPageRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.deffootnote}) has been used.

      Package \Package{scrextend} does not provide settings for the separation
      line above the footnotes.%
    }{\InternalCommonFileUsageError}%
  }%
}

\begin{Declaration}
  \OptionVName{footnotes}{setting}
\end{Declaration}
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrextend}{At several classes footnotes }{%
  Footnotes %
  \IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
    \ChangedAt{v3.00}{\Class{scrbook}\and \Class{scrreprt}\and
      \Class{scrartcl}}%
  }{%
    \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{%
      \ChangedAt{v3.00}{\Class{scrlttr2}}%
    }{}%
  }%
}%
will be marked with a tiny superscript number in text by default. If more than
one footnote falls at the same place, one may think that it is only one
footnote with a very large number instead of multiple footnotes (i.\,e.,
footnote 12 instead of footnotes 1 and 2). Using
\important{\OptionValue{footnotes}{multiple}}
\OptionValue{footnotes}{multiple}\IndexOption{footnotes=~multiple} will
separate multiple footnotes immediately next to each other by a separator
string. The predefined separator at
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.multfootsep}\IndexCmd{multfootsep}\important{\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.multfootsep}}
is a single comma without space. The whole mechanism is compatible with
package
\Package{footmisc}\IndexPackage{footmisc}\important{\Package{footmisc}},
Version~5.3d (see \cite{package:footmisc}). It is related not only to
footnotes placed using
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.footnote}\IndexCmd{footnote}, but
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.footnotemark}\IndexCmd{footnotemark} too.

Command \DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.KOMAoptions} or
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.KOMAoption} may be used to switch back to
the default \OptionValue{footnotes}{nomultiple} at any time. If any problems
using another package that influences footnotes occur, it is recommended not
to use the option anywhere and not to change the \PName{setting} anywhere
inside the document.

A summary of the available \PName{setting} values of \Option{footnotes} may
be found at \autoref{tab:\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.footnotes}%
\IfThisCommonFirstRun{%
  .
  \begin{table}
    \caption[{Available values for option \Option{footnotes}}]
    {Available values for option \Option{footnotes} setting up footnotes}
    \label{tab:\ThisCommonLabelBase.footnotes}
    \begin{desctabular}
      \pventry{multiple}{%
        At sequences of immediately following footnote marks, consecutive
        marks will be separated by
        \DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.multfootsep}\IndexCmd{multfootsep}.%
        \IndexOption{footnotes~=\PValue{multiple}}}%
      \pventry{nomultiple}{%
        Immediately following footnotes will be handled like single footnotes
        and not separated from each other.%
        \IndexOption{footnotes~=\PValue{nomultiple}}}%
    \end{desctabular}
  \end{table}%
}{,
  \autopageref{tab:\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.footnotes}.%
}%
%
\EndIndexGroup


\begin{Declaration}
  \Macro{footnote}\OParameter{number}\Parameter{text}%
  \Macro{footnotemark}\OParameter{number}%
  \Macro{footnotetext}\OParameter{number}\Parameter{text}%
  \Macro{multiplefootnoteseparator}%
  \Macro{multfootsep}
\end{Declaration}%
Similar to the standard classes, footnotes in {\KOMAScript} are produced with
the \Macro{footnote} command, or alternatively the paired usage of the
commands \Macro{footnotemark} and \Macro{footnotetext}.  As in the standard
classes, it is possible that a page break occurs within a footnote. Normally
this happens if the footnote mark is placed so near the bottom of a page as to
leave {\LaTeX} no choice but to break the footnote onto the next page.
\KOMAScript%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
  \ChangedAt{v3.00}{\Class{scrbook}\and \Class{scrreprt}\and
    \Class{scrartcl}}%
}{%
  \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{%
    \ChangedAt{v3.00}{\Class{scrlttr2}}%
  }{}%
} %
, unlike the standard classes, can recognize and separate consecutive
footnotes
automatically. See\important{\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.option.footnote}}
the previously documented option
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.option.footnotes} for this.

If you want to set the separator manually, you may use
\Macro{multiplefootnoteseparator}. Note that this command should not be
redefined, because it has been defined not only to be the separator string but
also the type style, i.\,e., font size and superscript. The separator string
without type style may be found at \Macro{multfootsep}. The predefined default
is
\begin{lstcode}
  \newcommand*{\multfootsep}{,}
\end{lstcode}
and may be changed by redefining the command.

\IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{%
  Examples and additional information may be found at
  \autoref{sec:\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.footnotes} from
  \PageRefxmpl{\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.cmd.footnote} onward.%
  \iffalse%
}{\csname iftrue\endcsname}%
  \begin{Example}
    \phantomsection\xmpllabel{cmd.footnote}%
    Assume you want to place two footnotes following a single word. First you
    may try
\begin{lstcode}
  Word\footnote{1st footnote}\footnote{2nd footnote}
\end{lstcode}
    for this. Assume that the footnotes will be numbered with 1 and 2. Now the
    reader may think it's a single footnote 12, because the 2
    immediately follows the 1. You may change this using
\begin{lstcode}
  \KOMAoptions{footnotes=multiple}
\end{lstcode}
    which would switch on the automatic recognition of footnote sequences. As
    an alternative you may use
\begin{lstcode}
  Word\footnote{1st footnote}%
  \multiplefootnoteseparator
  \footnote{2nd footnote}
\end{lstcode}
    This should give you the wanted result even if the automatic solution
    would fail or could not be used.

    Further, assume you want the footnotes separated not only by a single
    comma, but by a comma and a white space. In this case you may redefine
\begin{lstcode}
  \renewcommand*{\multfootsep}{,\nobreakspace}
\end{lstcode}
    at the document preamble. \Macro{nobreakspace}\IndexCmd{nobreakspace}
    instead of a usual space character has been used in this case to avoid
    paragraph or at least page breaks within footnote sequences.
  \end{Example}%
\fi%
\EndIndexGroup


\begin{Declaration}
  \Macro{footref}\Parameter{reference}
\end{Declaration}
Sometimes%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
  \ChangedAt{v3.00}{\Class{scrbook}\and \Class{scrreprt}\and
    \Class{scrartcl}}%
}{%
  \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{%
    \ChangedAt{v3.00}{\Class{scrlttr2}}%
  }{}%
} %
there are single footnotes to multiple text passages. The least sensible way
to typeset this would be to repeatedly use
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.footnotemark} with the same manually set
number. The disadvantages of this method would be that you have to know the
number and manually fix all the
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.footnotemark} commands, and if the number
changes because of adding or removing a footnote before, each
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.footnotemark} would have to be
changed. Because of this, \KOMAScript{} provides the use of the
\Macro{label}\IndexCmd{label}\important{\Macro{label}} mechanism in such
cases. After simply setting a \Macro{label} inside the footnote,
\Macro{footref} may be used to mark all the other text passages with the same
footnote mark.
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{\iffalse}{\csname iftrue\endcsname}%
  \begin{Example}
    \phantomsection\xmpllabel{cmd.footref}%
    Maybe you have to mark each trade name with a footnote which states that
    it is a registered trade name. You may write, e.\,g.,
\begin{lstcode}
  Company SplishSplash\footnote{This is a registered trade name.
    All rights are reserved.\label{refnote}}
  produces not only SplishPlump\footref{refnote}
  but also SplishPlash\footref{refnote}.
\end{lstcode}
    This will produce the same footnote mark three times, but only one
    footnote text. The first footnote mark is produced by
    \DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.footnote} itself, and the following two
    footnote marks are produced by the additional \Macro{footref}
    commands. The footnote text will be produced by
    \DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.footnote}. 
  \end{Example}
\fi
Because of setting the additional footnote marks using the \Macro{label}
mechanism, changes of the footnote numbers will need at least two \LaTeX{}
runs to ensure correct numbers for all \Macro{footref} marks.%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{ %
  An example for the usage \Macro{footref} can be found in
  \autoref{sec:\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.footnotes} on
  \PageRefxmpl{\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.cmd.footref}.%
}{}%
%
\EndIndexGroup


\begin{Declaration}
  \Macro{deffootnote}\OParameter{mark width}\Parameter{indent}%
                     \Parameter{parindent}\Parameter{definition}%
  \Macro{deffootnotemark}\Parameter{definition}%
  \Macro{thefootnotemark}
\end{Declaration}%
Footnotes are formatted slightly differently in {\KOMAScript} to in the
standard classes. As in the standard classes the footnote mark in the text is
depicted using a small superscripted number. The same formatting is used in
the footnote itself. The mark in the footnote is type-set right-aligned in a
box with width \PName{mark width}. The first line of the footnote follows
directly.

All following lines will be indented by the length of \PName{indent}. If the
optional parameter \PName{mark width} is not specified, it defaults to
\PName{indent}.  If the footnote consists of more than one paragraph, then the
first line of a paragraph is indented, in addition to \PName{indent}, by the
value of \PName{parindent}.

\hyperref[fig:maincls.deffootnote]{Figure~\ref*{fig:maincls.deffootnote}} %
\IfThisCommonFirstRun{at \autopageref{fig:maincls.deffootnote} }%
illustrates the layout parameters. The default configuration of the
{\KOMAScript} classes is:
\begin{lstcode}
  \deffootnote[1em]{1.5em}{1em}
    {\textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}}
\end{lstcode}
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.textsuperscript} controls both the
superscript and the smaller font size. Command \Macro{thefootnotemark} is the
current footnote mark without any formatting.%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrextend}{ %
  Package \Package{scrextend} in contrast to this does not change the default
  footnote settings of the used class. Loading the package does not change any
  type style of footnote marks or footnote text in general. You have to copy
  the above shown source to use the default settings of the \KOMAScript{}
  classes with \Package{scrextend}. This may be done immediately after loading
  package \Package{scrextend}.%
}{}%

\IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
  \begin{figure}
%  \centering
    \KOMAoption{captions}{bottombeside}
    \setcapindent{0pt}%
    \begin{captionbeside}
      [{Parameters that control the footnote layout}]%
      {\label{fig:\ThisCommonLabelBase.deffootnote}\hspace{0pt plus 1ex}%
        Parameters that control the footnote layout}%
      [l]
      \setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
      \begin{picture}(100,22)
        \thinlines
        % frame of following paragraph
        \put(5,0){\line(1,0){90}}
        \put(5,0){\line(0,1){5}}
        \put(10,5){\line(0,1){5}}\put(5,5){\line(1,0){5}}
        \put(95,0){\line(0,1){10}}
        \put(10,10){\line(1,0){85}}
        % frame of first paragraph
        \put(5,11){\line(1,0){90}}
        \put(5,11){\line(0,1){5}}
        \put(15,16){\line(0,1){5}}\put(5,16){\line(1,0){10}}
        \put(95,11){\line(0,1){10}}
        \put(15,21){\line(1,0){80}}
        % box of the footnote mark
        \put(0,16.5){\framebox(14.5,4.5){\mbox{}}}
        % description of paragraphs
        \put(45,16){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\textsf{first paragraph of a footnote}}}
        \put(45,5){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\textsf{next paragraph of a footnote}}}
        % help lines
        \thicklines
        \multiput(0,0)(0,3){7}{\line(0,1){2}}
        \multiput(5,0)(0,3){3}{\line(0,1){2}}
        % parameters
        \put(2,7){\vector(1,0){3}}
        \put(5,7){\line(1,0){5}}
        \put(15,7){\vector(-1,0){5}}
        \put(15,7){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\small\PName{parindent}}}
        % 
        \put(-3,13){\vector(1,0){3}}
        \put(0,13){\line(1,0){5}}
        \put(10,13){\vector(-1,0){5}}
        \put(10,13){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\small\PName{indent}}}
        % 
        \put(-3,19){\vector(1,0){3}}
        \put(0,19){\line(1,0){14.5}}
        \put(19.5,19){\vector(-1,0){5}}
        \put(19.5,19){\makebox(0,0)[l]{\small\PName{mark width}}}
      \end{picture}
    \end{captionbeside}
  \end{figure}}

\BeginIndexGroup
\BeginIndex{FontElement}{footnote}\LabelFontElement{footnote}%
\BeginIndex{FontElement}{footnotelabel}\LabelFontElement{footnotelabel}%
The%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
  \ChangedAt{v2.8q}{\Class{scrbook}\and \Class{scrreprt}\and
    \Class{scrartcl}%
}{}} font element \FontElement{footnote}\important{\FontElement{footnote}}
determines the font of the footnote including the footnote mark. Using the
element \FontElement{footnotelabel}\important{\FontElement{footnotelabel}} the
font of the footnote mark can be changed separately with the commands
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.setkomafont} and
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.addtokomafont} (see
\autoref{sec:\ThisCommonLabelBase.textmarkup},
\DescPageRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.setkomafont}). Please refer also to
\autoref{tab:\ThisCommonLabelBase.fontelements},
\autopageref{tab:\ThisCommonLabelBase.fontelements}.
Default setting is no change in the font.%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrextend}{ %
  With \Package{scrextend} the elements may change the fonts only if the
  footnotes are handled by the package, i.\,g., after using
  \Macro{deffootnote}.%
}{} Please don't misuse the element for other purpose, i.e., to use ragged
right footnotes (see also \DescRef{\LabelBase.cmd.raggedfootnote},
\DescPageRef{\LabelBase.cmd.raggedfootnote}).

\BeginIndex{FontElement}{footnotereference}%
\LabelFontElement{footnotereference}%
The footnote mark in the text is defined separately from the mark in
front of the actual footnote. This is done with
\Macro{deffootnotemark}. Default setting is:
\begin{lstcode}
  \deffootnotemark{%
    \textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}}
\end{lstcode}
In the above%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
  \ChangedAt{v2.8q}{\Class{scrbook}\and \Class{scrreprt}\and
    \Class{scrartcl}}%
}{} the font for the element
\FontElement{footnotereference}\important{\FontElement{footnotereference}} is
applied (see \autoref{tab:\ThisCommonLabelBase.fontelements},
\autopageref{tab:\ThisCommonLabelBase.fontelements}). Thus the footnote marks
in the text and in the footnote itself are identical. The font can be changed
with the commands \DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.setkomafont} and
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.addtokomafont} (see
\autoref{sec:\ThisCommonLabelBase.textmarkup},
\DescPageRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.setkomafont})%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrextend}{ after usage of \Macro{deffootnotemark}}{}.

\IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{%
  Examples may be found at \autoref{sec:\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.footnotes},
  from \DescPageRef{\ThisCommonFirstLabelBase.cmd.deffootnote} onwards.%
  \iffalse%
}{\csname iftrue\endcsname}%
  \begin{Example}
    \phantomsection\xmpllabel{cmd.deffootnote}%
    A\textnote{Hint!} feature often asked for is footnote marks which are
    neither in superscript nor in a smaller font size. They should not touch
    the footnote text but be separated by a small space. This can be
    accomplished as follows:
\begin{lstcode}
  \deffootnote{1em}{1em}{\thefootnotemark\ }
\end{lstcode}
    The footnote mark and the following space are therefore set
    right-aligned into a box of width 1\Unit{em}. The following lines of
    the footnote text are also indented by 1\Unit{em} from the left
    margin.
  
    Another\textnote{Hint!} often requested footnote layout is left-aligned
    footnote marks. These can be obtained with:
\begin{lstcode}
  \deffootnote{1.5em}{1em}{%
      \makebox[1.5em][l]{\thefootnotemark}}
\end{lstcode}
  
    If you want however only to change the font for all footnotes, for example
    to sans serif, you can solve this problem simply by using the commands
    \DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.setkomafont} and
    \DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.addtokomafont} (see
    \autoref{sec:\ThisCommonLabelBase.textmarkup},
    \DescPageRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.setkomafont}):
\begin{lstcode}
  \setkomafont{footnote}{\sffamily}
\end{lstcode}
  \end{Example}%
  \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrextend}{}{%
    As demonstrated with the examples above, the simple user interface of
    {\KOMAScript} provides a great variety of different footnote
    formattings.%
  }%
\fi%
%
\EndIndexGroup
\EndIndexGroup


\begin{Declaration}
  \Macro{setfootnoterule}\OParameter{thickness}\Parameter{length}%
\end{Declaration}%
Generally%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
  \ChangedAt{v3.06}{\Class{scrbook}\and \Class{scrreprt}\and
    \Class{scrartcl}}%
}{%
  \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{%
    \ChangedAt{v3.06}{\Class{scrlttr2}}%
  }{%
    \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrextend}{%
      \ChangedAt{v3.06}{\Package{scrextend}}%
    }{}%
  }%
} %
a horizontal rule will be placed between the text area and the footnote
area. But normally this rule is not as long as the width of the typing
area. With Command \Macro{setfootnoterule} you may change the thickness and
the width of that rule. Thereby the parameters \PName{thickness} and
\PName{length} will be evaluated not at definition time but when setting the
rule itself. If optional argument \PName{thickness} ha been omitted the
thickness of the rule will not be changed. Empty arguments \PName{thickness}
or \PName{length} are also allowed and do not change the corresponding
parameter. Using implausible values may result in warning messages not only
setting the arguments but also when \KOMAScript{} uses the parameters.

\BeginIndexGroup
\BeginIndex{FontElement}{footnoterule}\LabelFontElement{footnoterule}%
With element \FontElement{footnoterule}\important{\FontElement{footnoterule}}
the color%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
  \ChangedAt{v3.07}{\Class{scrbook}\and \Class{scrreprt}\and
    \Class{scrartcl}}%
}{%
  \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{%
    \ChangedAt{v3.07}{\Class{scrlttr2}}%
  }{%
    \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrextend}{%
      \ChangedAt{v3.07}{\Package{scrextend}}%
    }{}%
  }%
} %
of the rule may be changed using the commands
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.setkomafont} and
\DescRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.addtokomafont} for element
\FontElement{footnoterule} (see \autoref{sec:\ThisCommonLabelBase.textmarkup},
\DescPageRef{\ThisCommonLabelBase.cmd.setkomafont}). Default is no change of
font or color. For color changes a color package like
\Package{xcolor}\IndexPackage{xcolor}\important{\Package{xcolor}} would be
needed.%
\EndIndexGroup
\EndIndexGroup

\begin{Declaration}
  \Macro{raggedfootnote}
\end{Declaration}
The default%
\IfThisCommonLabelBase{maincls}{%
  \ChangedAt{v3.23}{\Class{scrbook}\and \Class{scrreprt}\and
    \Class{scrartcl}}%
}{%
  \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrlttr2}{%
    \ChangedAt{v3.23}{\Class{scrlttr2}}%
  }{%
    \IfThisCommonLabelBase{scrextend}{%
      \ChangedAt{v3.23}{\Package{scrextend}}%
    }{}%
  }%
} %
for the alignment of footnotes in \KOMAScript{} is justified, same as the
default in the standard classes. But \KOMAScript{} provides
\Macro{raggedfootnote} to change this default. Valid definitions of
\Macro{raggedfootnote} would be \Macro{raggedright}\IndexCmd{raggedright},
\Macro{raggedleft}\IndexCmd{raggedleft},
\Macro{centering}\IndexCmd{centering}, \Macro{relax}\IndexCmd{relax} or the
empty definition, which is the default. You can also use the alignment
commands of package \Package{ragged2e}\IndexPackage{ragged2e} (see
\cite{package:ragged2e}).

\begin{Example}
  Assuming you are using footnotes only to show informations with very large
  links that cannot be printed justified accommdatingly. You can use
\begin{lstcode}
  \let\raggedfootnote\raggedright    
\end{lstcode}
  in your document preamble to switch to ragged-right footnotes.
\end{Example}%
\EndIndexGroup
%
\EndIndexGroup


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