path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/fonts/archaic/protosem.dtx

% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% protosem.dtx
%
%  Author: Peter Wilson (Herries Press) herries dot press at earthlink dot net
%  Copyright 1999 -- 2005 Peter R. Wilson
%
%  This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
%  conditions of the Latex Project Public License, either
%  version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any
%  later version.
%  The latest version of the license is in
%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%  and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of
%  LaTeX version 2003/06/01 or later.
%
%  This work has the LPPL maintenance status "author-maintained".
%
%  This work consists of the files listed in the README file.
%
%<*driver>
\documentclass[twoside]{ltxdoc}
\usepackage{docmfp}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage[draft=false,
            plainpages=false,
            pdfpagelabels,
            bookmarksnumbered,
            hyperindex=false,
           ]{hyperref}
\providecommand{\phantomsection}{}
\OnlyDescription  %% comment this out for the full glory
\EnableCrossrefs
\CodelineIndex
\setcounter{StandardModuleDepth}{1}
\makeatletter
  \@mparswitchfalse
\makeatother
\renewcommand{\MakeUppercase}[1]{#1}
\pagestyle{headings}
\newenvironment{addtomargins}[1]{%
  \begin{list}{}{%
    \topsep 0pt
    \addtolength{\leftmargin}{#1}%
    \addtolength{\rightmargin}{#1}%
    \listparindent \parindent
    \itemindent \parindent
    \parsep \parskip
  }%
  \item[]}{\end{list}}
\begin{document}
  \raggedbottom
  \DocInput{protosem.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
%
% \fi
%
% \CheckSum{389}
%
% \DoNotIndex{\',\.,\@M,\@@input,\@addtoreset,\@arabic,\@badmath}
% \DoNotIndex{\@centercr,\@cite}
% \DoNotIndex{\@dotsep,\@empty,\@float,\@gobble,\@gobbletwo,\@ignoretrue}
% \DoNotIndex{\@input,\@ixpt,\@m}
% \DoNotIndex{\@minus,\@mkboth,\@ne,\@nil,\@nomath,\@plus,\@set@topoint}
% \DoNotIndex{\@tempboxa,\@tempcnta,\@tempdima,\@tempdimb}
% \DoNotIndex{\@tempswafalse,\@tempswatrue,\@viipt,\@viiipt,\@vipt}
% \DoNotIndex{\@vpt,\@warning,\@xiipt,\@xipt,\@xivpt,\@xpt,\@xviipt}
% \DoNotIndex{\@xxpt,\@xxvpt,\\,\ ,\addpenalty,\addtolength,\addvspace}
% \DoNotIndex{\advance,\Alph,\alph}
% \DoNotIndex{\arabic,\ast,\begin,\begingroup,\bfseries,\bgroup,\box}
% \DoNotIndex{\bullet}
% \DoNotIndex{\cdot,\cite,\CodelineIndex,\cr,\day,\DeclareOption}
% \DoNotIndex{\def,\DisableCrossrefs,\divide,\DocInput,\documentclass}
% \DoNotIndex{\DoNotIndex,\egroup,\ifdim,\else,\fi,\em,\endtrivlist}
% \DoNotIndex{\EnableCrossrefs,\end,\end@dblfloat,\end@float,\endgroup}
% \DoNotIndex{\endlist,\everycr,\everypar,\ExecuteOptions,\expandafter}
% \DoNotIndex{\fbox}
% \DoNotIndex{\filedate,\filename,\fileversion,\fontsize,\framebox,\gdef}
% \DoNotIndex{\global,\halign,\hangindent,\hbox,\hfil,\hfill,\hrule}
% \DoNotIndex{\hsize,\hskip,\hspace,\hss,\if@tempswa,\ifcase,\or,\fi,\fi}
% \DoNotIndex{\ifhmode,\ifvmode,\ifnum,\iftrue,\ifx,\fi,\fi,\fi,\fi,\fi}
% \DoNotIndex{\input}
% \DoNotIndex{\jobname,\kern,\leavevmode,\let,\leftmark}
% \DoNotIndex{\list,\llap,\long,\m@ne,\m@th,\mark,\markboth,\markright}
% \DoNotIndex{\month,\newcommand,\newcounter,\newenvironment}
% \DoNotIndex{\NeedsTeXFormat,\newdimen}
% \DoNotIndex{\newlength,\newpage,\nobreak,\noindent,\null,\number}
% \DoNotIndex{\numberline,\OldMakeindex,\OnlyDescription,\p@}
% \DoNotIndex{\pagestyle,\par,\paragraph,\paragraphmark,\parfillskip}
% \DoNotIndex{\penalty,\PrintChanges,\PrintIndex,\ProcessOptions}
% \DoNotIndex{\protect,\ProvidesClass,\raggedbottom,\raggedright}
% \DoNotIndex{\refstepcounter,\relax,\renewcommand,\reset@font}
% \DoNotIndex{\rightmargin,\rightmark,\rightskip,\rlap,\rmfamily,\roman}
% \DoNotIndex{\roman,\secdef,\selectfont,\setbox,\setcounter,\setlength}
% \DoNotIndex{\settowidth,\sfcode,\skip,\sloppy,\slshape,\space}
% \DoNotIndex{\symbol,\the,\trivlist,\typeout,\tw@,\undefined,\uppercase}
% \DoNotIndex{\usecounter,\usefont,\usepackage,\vfil,\vfill,\viiipt}
% \DoNotIndex{\viipt,\vipt,\vskip,\vspace}
% \DoNotIndex{\wd,\xiipt,\year,\z@}
%
% \changes{v1.0}{1999/03/14}{First public release}
% \changes{v1.1}{2000/09/30}{Minor changes to glyph encodings}
% \changes{v1.2}{2005/03/18}{Updated details, added map file}
% \changes{v1.3}{2005/07/21}{Minor fixes}
%
% \def\fileversion{v1.0} \def\filedate{1999/03/14}
% \def\fileversion{v1.1} \def\filedate{2000/09/30}
% \def\fileversion{v1.2} \def\filedate{2005/03/18}
% \def\fileversion{v1.3} \def\filedate{2005/07/21}
% \newcommand*{\Lpack}[1]{\textsf {#1}}           ^^A typeset a package
% \newcommand*{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf {#1}}            ^^A typeset an option
% \newcommand*{\file}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset a file
% \newcommand*{\Lcount}[1]{\textsl {\small#1}}    ^^A typeset a counter
% \newcommand*{\pstyle}[1]{\textsl {#1}}          ^^A typeset a pagestyle
% \newcommand*{\Lenv}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset an environment
% \newcommand{\BC}{\textsc{bc}}
% \newcommand{\AD}{\textsc{ad}}
% \newcommand{\thisfont}{Proto-Semitic}
%
% \title{The \Lpack{Proto-Semitic} fonts\thanks{This
%        file has version number \fileversion, last revised
%        \filedate.}}
%
% \author{%
% Peter Wilson\thanks{\texttt{herries dot press at earthlink dot net}}\\
% Herries Press }
% \date{\filedate}
% \maketitle
% \begin{abstract}
%    The \Lpack{protosem} package provides a set of fonts for the 
% Proto-Semitic alphabet which was used around 1600~\BC{} in the Middle East.
% \end{abstract}
% \tableofcontents
%
%
% \section{Introduction}
%
% The Phoenician alphabet and characters is a direct ancestor of our modern day
% Latin alphabet and fonts. 
% The font presented here is one of a series of fonts intended to show how
% the modern Latin alphabet has evolved from its original Phoenician form
% to its present day appearance.
% 
% This manual is typeset according to the conventions of the
% \LaTeX{} \textsc{docstrip} utility which enables the automatic
% extraction of the \LaTeX{} macro source files~\cite{GOOSSENS94}.
%
%    Section~\ref{sec:usc} describes the usage of the package.
% Later sections, if any, contain commented code for the fonts 
% and source code for the package.
%
% \subsection{An alphabetic tree}
%
%    Scholars are reasonably agreed that all the world's alphabets are descended
% from a Semitic alphabet invented about 1600~\BC{} in the Middle 
% East~\cite{DRUCKER95}. The word `Semitic' refers
% to the family of languages used in the geographical area from
% Sinai in the south, up the Mediterranean coast to Asia Minor in the north and
% west to the valley of the Euphrates.
%
%    The Phoenician alphabet was stable by about 1100~\BC{} and the script was
% written right to left. In earlier times the writing direction was variable, 
% and so were
% the shapes and orientation of the characters. The alphabet consisted of
% 22 letters and they were named after things. For example, their first two 
% letters were called \textit{aleph} (ox), and \textit{beth} (house). 
% The Phoenician script had
% only one case --- unlike our modern fonts which have both upper- and 
% lower-cases. In modern terms the Phoenician abecedary was: \\
% A B G D E Y Z H $\Theta$ I K L M N X O P ts Q R S T \\
% where the `Y' (\textit{vau}) character was sometimes written as `F', and
% `ts' stands for the \textit{tsade} character.
%
%    The Greek alphabet is one of the descendants of the Phoenician alphabet;
% another was Aramaic which is the ancestor of the Arabic, Persian and Indian 
% scripts.
% Initially Greek was written right to left but around the 6th C~\BC{} became 
% \textit{boustrophedron}, meaning that the lines 
% alternated in direction. At about 500~\BC{} the writing direction stabilised 
% as left to 
% right. The Greeks modified the Phoenician alphabet to match the vocalisation
% of their language. They kept the Phoenician names of the letters, suitably
% `greekified', so \textit{aleph} became the familar \textit{alpha} and 
% \textit{beth} became \textit{beta}. At this
% point the names of the letters had no meaning. Their were several variants
% of the Greek character glyphs until they were finally fixed in Athens in
% 403~\BC.
% The Greeks did not develop a lower-case 
% script until about 600--700~\AD.
%
%    The Etruscans based their alphabet on the Greek one, and again modified it.
% However, the Etruscans wrote right to left, so their borrowed characters are 
% mirror images of the original Greek ones. Like the Phoenicians, the Etruscan
% script consisted of only one case; they died out before ever needing a
% lower-case script. The Etruscan script was used up until the first century 
% \AD, even though the Etruscans themselves had dissapeared by that time.
% 
%
%    In turn, the Romans based their alphabet on the Etruscan one, but as they 
% wrote left to right, the characters were again mirrored (although the early
% Roman inscriptions are boustrophedron). 
%
%    As the English alphabet is descended from the Roman alphabet
% it has a pedigree of some three and a half thousand years.
%
% \section{The \Lpack{protosem} package} \label{sec:usc}
%
%    The Proto-Semitic alphabet provided by this package is probably
% a precursor to the Phoenician alphabet. As far as I can make out 
% from Davies~\cite{DAVIES97}, Drucker~\cite{DRUCKER95} and 
% Healey~\cite{HEALEY90}, there may have been several proto- alphabets
% being referred to as Proto-Siniatic or Proto-Canaanite for example.
% I have taken what I can from the sources available to me and
% produced a sort of generic Proto-Semitic font.
%
%    The alphabet consisted of 23 letters, some of which came in two
% different forms. The writing direction was normally left to right
% but could also be vertical.
%
% \begin{table} 
% \begin{addtomargins}{-2in}
% \centering
% \caption{Names and meanings of \thisfont{} letters}\label{tab}
% \begin{tabular}{cllclcl} \hline
%            &          &         &       &         & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Alternative} \\
% Value      & Name     & Meaning & ASCII  & command              & ASCII & Command \\ \hline
% \textit{a} & alpu     & ox           & ' a & |\Arq| |\Aa| |\Aaleph| & A & |\AAa| |\AAaleph| \\
% \textit{b} & betu     & house        & b & |\Ab| |\Abeth|          & B & |\AAb| |\AAbeth| \\
% \textit{g} &          & throw-stick? & g & |\Ag| |\Agimel|         &  &  \\
% \textit{d} &          & fish         & d & |\Ad| |\Adaleth|        & D & |\AAd| |\AAdaleth| \\
% \textit{h} &          & man?         & e & |\Ah| |\Ahe|            & E & |\AAh| |\AAhe| \\
% \textit{w} & wawwu    & hook/peg     & w & |\Aw| |\Avav|           &  &  \\
% \textit{z} &          &              & z & |\Az| |\Azayin|         &  &  \\
% \textit{\d{h}} & hotu & fence        & h & |\Ahd| |\Aheth|         & H & |\AAhd| |\AAheth| \\
% \textit{\d{t}} &      & twisted flax & T & |\Atd| |\Ateth|         &  &  \\
% \textit{y} & yadu     & hand/arm     & y & |\Ay| |\Ayod|           & Y & |\AAy| |\AAyod| \\
% \textit{k} & kappu    & palm of hand & k & |\Ak| |\Akaph|          & K & |\AAk| |\AAkaph| \\
% \textit{l} & lamdu    & ox goad/whip & l & |\Al| |\Alamed|         & L & |\AAl| |\AAlamed| \\
% \textit{m} & mayyuma? & water        & m & |\Am| |\Amem|           &  &  \\
% \textit{n} & nahasu   & snake        & n & |\An| |\Anun|           &  &  \\
% \textit{o} & enu      & eye          & ` o & |\Alq| |\Ao| |\Aayin| & O & |\AAo| |\AAayin| \\
% \textit{s} &          &              & s & |\As| |\Asamekh|        &   &  \\
% \textit{p} &          & leg/foot?    & p & |\Ap| |\Ape|            & P & |\AAp| |\AApe| \\
% \textit{\d{s}} &      & plant?       & x & |\Asd| |\Asade|         & X & |\AAsd| |\AAsade| \\
% \textit{q} &          & knot?        & q & |\Aq| |\Aqoph|          & Q & |\AAq| |\AAqoph| \\
% \textit{r} & rasu     & head         & r & |\Ar| |\Aresh|          & R & |\AAr| |\AAresh| \\
% \textit{\v{s}} &      & lotus pool?  & S & |\Asv| |\Ashin|         &  &  \\
% \textit{t} & tawwu    & mark         & t & |\At| |\Atav|           &  &  \\
% ???            &      &              & v & |\Av| |\Ahelmet|        & V & |\AAv| |\AAhelmet| \\
% \hline
% \end{tabular}
% \end{addtomargins}
% \end{table}
% 
% Table~\ref{tab} lists, in what I hope is the Proto-Semitic alphabetic order, the
% transliterated values of the characters and, where I know it, the name and
% meaning of the corresponding Proto-Semitic letter.
%    Several of the glyphs are obviously based on Egyptian hieroglyphs.
% There seems to be general agreement that the glyphs I have coded as: \\
% |a b g d e w H T y k l m n o r S t| \\
% fall into this category. 
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\protofamily}
%    This command selects the \thisfont{} font family. The family name is |proto|.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\textproto}
% The command |\textproto{|\meta{text}|}| typesets \meta{text} in the
% \thisfont{} font.
%
%    I have provided two means of accessing the \thisfont{} glyphs:
% (a) by ASCII characters, and (b) via commands. These are shown in
% Table~\ref{tab}. The columns headed `Alternative' are for accessing 
% an alternative form of the glyph, if it exists.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\translitproto}
% The command |\translitproto{|\meta{commands}|}| will typeset the
% transliteration of the \thisfont{} character commands (those in the
% fifth and seventh columns of Table~\ref{tab}).
%
% \DescribeMacro{\translitprotofont}
%   The font used for the transliteration is defined by this macro,
% which is initialsed to an italic font (i.e., |\itshape|).
%     
% \StopEventually{
% \bibliographystyle{alpha}
%
% \begin{thebibliography}{GMS94}
%
% \bibitem[Dav97]{DAVIES97}
% W. V. Davies.
% \newblock \emph{Reading the Past: Egyptian Hieroglyphs}.
% \newblock University of California Press/British Museum, 1997.
% \newblock (ISBN 0-520-06287-6)
%
% \bibitem[Dru95]{DRUCKER95}
% Johanna Drucker.
% \newblock \emph{The Alphabetic Labyrinth}.
% \newblock Thames and Hudson, 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Fir93]{FIRMAGE93}
% Richard A.~Firmage.
% \newblock \emph{The Alphabet Abecedarium}.
% \newblock David R.~Goodine, 1993.
%
% \bibitem[GMS94]{GOOSSENS94}
% Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
% \newblock \emph{The LaTeX Companion}.
% \newblock Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.
%
% \bibitem[Hea90]{HEALEY90}
% John F.~Healey.
% \newblock \emph{Reading the Past: The Early Alphabet}.
% \newblock University of California Press/British Museum, 1990.
% \newblock (ISBN 0-520-07309-6)
%
% \end{thebibliography}
% }
%
%
% \section{The Metafont code} \label{sec:mf}
%
% \subsection{The parameter file}
%
%    We deal with the parameter file first, and start by announcing
% what it is for.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*up>
%%% PROTO10.MF  Computer Proto-Semitic font 10 point design size.

%    \end{macrocode}
%    Specify the font size.
%    \begin{macrocode}

font_identifier:="protosem"; font_size 10pt#;

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{u} 
% \begin{macro}{ht} 
% \begin{macro}{s} 
% \begin{macro}{o} 
% \begin{macro}{px} 
% \begin{macro}{font-normal-space} 
% \begin{macro}{font-normal-shrink} 
% \begin{macro}{font-x-height} 
% \begin{macro}{font-quad}
%    Define the very simple font parameters.
%    \begin{macrocode}
u#:=.2pt#;                 % unit width
ht#:=7pt#;                 % height of characters (CM cap-height is approx 6.8pt)
s#:=1.5pt#;                % width correction (right and left)
o#:=1/20pt#;               % overshoot
px#:=.6pt#;                % horizontal width of pen
font_normal_space:=7pt#;   % width of a blank space
font_normal_shrink:=.9pt#; % width correction for blank space
font_x_height:=4.5pt#;     % height of one ex
font_quad:=10pt#;          % an em

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
%    For a full font, the driver file would normally be called here.
% In this case I have embedded it.
%    \begin{macrocode} 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% end of parameters
% start of driver code
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{The driver file}
%
%    If there was a seperate driver file, this would be its contents.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}

font_coding_scheme:="Protosem glyphs";
mode_setup;

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{ho}
% \begin{macro}{leftloc}
% \begin{macro}{py}
%  Perform additional setup.
%    \begin{macrocode}
ho#:=o#;                   % horizontal overshoot
leftloc#:=s#;              % leftmost xcoord of character
py#:=.8px#;                % vertical thickness of the pen

define_pixels(s,u);
define_blacker_pixels(px,py);
define_good_x_pixels(leftloc);
define_corrected_pixels(o);             % turn on overshoot correction
define_horizontal_corrected_pixels(ho);  

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{midloc}
% \begin{macro}{rightloc}
%    Variables for the middle xcoord and rightmost xcoord of a character.
%    \begin{macrocode}
numeric midloc, rightloc;
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{stylus}
%    Define the pen.
%    \begin{macrocode}
pickup pencircle xscaled px yscaled py;
stylus:=savepen;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{beginglyph}
%    A macro to save some typing of beginchar arguments.
%    \begin{macrocode}
def beginglyph(expr code, unit_width) =
  beginchar(code, unit_width*ht#+2s#, ht#, 0);
  midloc:=1/2w; rightloc:=(w-s);
  pickup stylus enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{cmchar}
%    |cmchar| should precede each character
%    \begin{macrocode}
let cmchar=\;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% 
%    That would be the end of a driver file, except for calling the glyph code.
%
%
% \subsection{The glyph code}
%
%    The following code generates the glyphs for the Proto-Semitic font. 
% The characters
% are defined in the Phoenician alphabetic ordering.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% end of driver code
% start of glyph code
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{'}
% The Proto-Semitic letter \textit{alpu} (ox). Left profile of an oxhead.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter ' (alpu)";
beginglyph("'",0.8);
numeric n[];
n1 := rightloc-leftloc;  % glyph width
z1=(leftloc, 1/10h);     % nose
z5=(x1+y1,0);
z3=(x1+7/8n1, 3/4h);     % top of neck
z4=(x3, 1/2y3);          % bottom of neck
z2=(1/2[x3,x1],y3);      % top of forehead
z6=(x1,h); z7=(rightloc,7/8[y2,y6]);  % tips of horns
z10=(1/4[x2,x3],2/3[y4,y3]);     % eye
z11=z10 shifted (px*down);
draw z1--z2--z3--z4--z5--cycle;      % head
draw z10--z11;                            % eye
draw z2{left}..z6{up};                     % a horn
draw z3..z7{up};                     % other horn
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10);
endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{a}
% The Proto-Semitic letter \textit{alpu} (ox). Left profile of an oxhead.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter alpu (coded as a)";
beginglyph("a",0.8);
numeric n[];
n1 := rightloc-leftloc;  % glyph width
z1=(leftloc, 1/10h);     % nose
z5=(x1+y1,0);
z3=(x1+7/8n1, 3/4h);     % top of neck
z4=(x3, 1/2y3);          % bottom of neck
z2=(1/2[x3,x1],y3);      % top of forehead
z6=(x1,h); z7=(rightloc,7/8[y2,y6]);  % tips of horns
z10=(1/4[x2,x3],2/3[y4,y3]);     % eye
z11=z10 shifted (px*down);
draw z1--z2--z3--z4--z5--cycle;      % head
draw z10--z11;                            % eye
draw z2{left}..z6{up};                     % a horn
draw z3..z7{up};                     % other horn
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10);
endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{A}
% Alternate Proto-Semitic \textit{alpu} (ox). Right profile of an oxhead.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic a";
beginglyph("A",0.8);
numeric n[];
n1 := rightloc-leftloc;  % glyph width
z1=(rightloc, 1/10h);     % nose
z5=(x1-y1,0);
z3=(x1-7/8n1, 3/4h);     % top of neck
z4=(x3, 1/2y3);          % bottom of neck
z2=(1/2[x3,x1],y3);      % top of forehead
z6=(x1,h); z7=(leftloc,7/8[y2,y6]);  % tips of horns
z10=(1/4[x2,x3],2/3[y4,y3]);     % eye
z11=z10 shifted (px*down);
draw z1--z2--z3--z4--z5--cycle;      % head
draw z10--z11;                            % eye
draw z2{right}..z6{up};                     % a horn
draw z3..z7{up};                     % other horn
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10);
endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{b}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{betu} (house). A square with an opening.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter b";
beginglyph("b",0.8);
z1=(leftloc, 0.2h); z3=(rightloc,0.8h);
z2=(x1,y3); z4=(x3,y1);
z5=1/3[z1,z4];
draw z1--z2--z3--z4--z5;
labels(1,2,3,4); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{B}
% An alternative Proto-Semitic \textit{betu} (house), a square with a chimney.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic alternate b";
beginglyph("B",0.8);
z1=(leftloc, 0.1h); z3=(rightloc,0.8h);
z2=(x1,y3); z4=(x3,y1);
z5=1/3[z2,z3]; z6=(x5,h);
z7=2/3[z2,z3]; z8=(x7,y6);
draw z8--z7--z3--z4--z1--z2--z5--z6;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{g}
%    The Proto-Semitic G. Like a broken stick or a 
% throw-stick
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter g";
beginglyph("g", 0.7);
x1=leftloc; x3=rightloc;
x2=3/8[x1,x3];
y1=2/3h; y2=y3=1/3h;
draw z1--z2--z3;
labels(1,2,3,4); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{d}
% The Proto-Semitic fish, facing right.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter fish (d)";
beginglyph("d",1.0);
numeric alpha;
alpha := 3/16h;
%% body
x1=x6=leftloc; x4=rightloc; x2=1/4[x1,x4];
y2=y4=1/2h;
x3=x5=1/2[x2,x4];
y1=y5=y2-alpha; y6=y3=y2+alpha;
%% fins
z13=(x3-alpha,y3+alpha);
z15=(x5-alpha,y5-alpha);
draw z1..z2..z3{right}..z4;     % body
draw z4..z5{left}..z2..z6--z1;
draw z3--z13; draw z5--z15;     % fins
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,13,15); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{D}
% Alternate Proto-Semitic fish, upright.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic fish (d)";
beginglyph("D",0.6);
numeric n[];
n1 := rightloc-leftloc;   % glyph width
numeric alpha;
alpha := 3/8n1;
%% body
z4=(midloc,h);
x1=x3=x4-alpha; x7=x5=x4+alpha;
y1=y7=0;
x2=1/4[x1,x7];
x6=3/4[x1,x7];
y2=y6=1/4h;
y3=y5=1/2[y2,y4];
%% fins
z13=(leftloc,y3-alpha); z15=(rightloc,y13);
draw z1..z2{up}..z3{up}..z4;         % body
draw z4..z5{down}..z6{down}..z7--z1;
draw z3--z13; draw z5--z15;          % fins
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,13,15); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{E}
% The Proto-Semitic h?, stick man with upraised arms.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter h? (E)";
beginglyph("E",0.6);
numeric alpha, beta;
z1=(midloc,3/4h);
alpha := 1/2(h-y1);
beta := 24/16alpha;  % 20/16 too small
z2=(x1,1/2y1);
z3=(leftloc, 1/2[y1,h]);
z4=(x3,2/3[y2,y1]);
z7=(rightloc,y3);
z6=(x7,y4);
z8=(x3,0);
z9=(x7,y8);
z10=(x1,h-alpha);
draw z3--z4--z6--z7;  % arms
draw z8--z2--z9;      % legs
draw z1--z2;          % body
draw fullcircle scaled beta shifted z10;  % head
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{e}
% An alternate Proto-Semitic h?, abstract stick man 
% with upraised arms.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic alternate h? (coded as e)";
beginglyph("e",0.6);
numeric alpha;
z1=(midloc,h);
alpha := 1/2(h-y1);
z2=(x1,1/3y1);
z3=(leftloc, y1);
z4=(x3,2/3y1);
z7=(rightloc,y3);
z6=(x7,y4);
z8=(x7,y2);
z9=(x8,0);
draw z3--z4--z6--z7;  % arms
draw z1--z2--z8--z9;  % head, body, and leg
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{z}
% Proto-Semitic letter z?. Two horizontal parallel lines.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter z? (z)";
beginglyph("z",0.8);
numeric alpha;
alpha:=0.2h;
x1=x6=leftloc; x5=x10=rightloc;
y1=y5=1/2h+alpha;
y6=y10=1/2h-alpha;
draw z1--z5;      % top
draw z6--z10;     % bottom
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{H}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{hotu} (fence?) (h sub dot?). Looks like a fence.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter hotu (h sub dot?) (coded as H)";
beginglyph("H", 0.8);
numeric alpha;
alpha:=0.2h;
x1=x6=leftloc; x5=x10=rightloc;
y1=y2=y3=y4=y5=1/2h+alpha;
y6=y7=y8=y9=y10=1/2h-alpha;
x2=x7=1/4[x1,x5];
x4=x9=3/4[x1,x5];
x3=x8=1/2[x2,x4];
draw z1--z5;      % fence top
draw z6--z10;     % fence bottom
draw z2--z7; draw z3--z8; draw z4--z9; % stakes
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{h}
% An alternate Proto-Semitic \textit{hotu} (fence?). Looks like a vertical fence.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic hotu (coded as h)";
beginglyph("h", 0.4);
numeric alpha;
x1=x2=x3=x4=x5=leftloc;
x7=x8=x9=rightloc;
y1=0; y5=h;
y2=y7=1/4h;
y4=y9=3/4h;
y3=y8=1/2[y2,y4];
draw z1--z5; draw z7--z9;    % verticals
draw z2--z7; draw z3--z8; draw z4--z9; % horizontals
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{T}
% The Proto-Semitic t sub dot?. Twisted flax hieroglyph.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter t sub dot? (T)";
beginglyph("T",0.4);
x1=x8=x3=x6=leftloc; x9=x2=x7=x4=rightloc;
x5=midloc;
y1=y9=0; y5=h;
y8=y2=3/12h;
y6=y4=10/12h;
y3=y7=1/2[y8,y6];
z2'=1/2[z9,z2]; z8'=1/2[z1,z8];
draw z1{(z2'-z1)}...z2{up}..z3{up}..z4{up}..z5{left}..
     z6{down}..z7{down}..z8{down}...{(z9-z8')}z9;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{y}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{yadu} (hand/arm).
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter y";
beginglyph("y",1.0);
numeric alpha,beta;;
alpha := 3/8h;
beta := 1/2alpha;
%% the L
x1=x2=leftloc; x3=rightloc;
y1=1/2h+alpha; y2=y3=1/2h-alpha;
%% the TV arial
z4=1/2[z2,z3];
z6=(x3,3/4[y2,y1]);
z5=1/2[z4,z6];
z4l=z4 shifted (beta*dir(135)); z4r=z4 shifted (beta*dir(-45));
z5l=z5 shifted (beta*dir(135)); z5r=z5 shifted (beta*dir(-45));
z6l=z6 shifted (beta*dir(135)); z6r=z6 shifted (beta*dir(-45));

draw z1--z2--z3;
draw z4--z6;
draw z4l--z4r; draw z5l--z5r; draw z6l--z6r;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{Y}
% Alternate Proto-Semitic \textit{yadu} (hand/arm).
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic y";
beginglyph("Y",1.0);
z1=(leftloc,h); z3=(rightloc,0);
z2=1/2[z1,z3];
z4=(x2,y1); z5=(x3,y2);
draw z1--z3;
draw z4--z2--z5;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{k}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{kappu} (palm of the hand).
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter k";
beginglyph("k",0.8);
numeric alpha;
alpha:=0.8;
numeric n[];
n1 := rightloc-leftloc;  % glyph width
n2 := 1/8n1;
z1=(leftloc+n2, h); z3=(rightloc-n2, y1);
z11=(leftloc, 1/4h); z13=(rightloc,y11);
z2=(midloc,0);
z6=(1/3[x1,x3], y1); z7=(x6, 0.2h);
z8=(2/3[x1,x3], y6); z9=(x8,y7);
draw z1..{down}z11..z2..{up}z13..z3;           % bowl
draw z6--z7; draw z8--z9;  % uprights
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{K}
% An alternate Proto-Semitic \textit{kappu}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic k";
beginglyph("K",0.8);
numeric alpha;
alpha:=0.8;
numeric n[];
n1 := rightloc-leftloc;  % glyph width
n2 := 1/8n1;
z1=(leftloc+n2, h); z3=(rightloc-n2, y1);
z11=(leftloc, 1/3h); z13=(rightloc,y11);
z2=(midloc,0);
z6=(x2, y1); z7=(x6, 0);
z8=(2/3[x1,x3], y6); z9=(x8,y7);
draw z1..{down}z11..z2..{up}z13..z3;           % bowl
draw z6--z7; %% draw z8--z9;  % uprights
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{l}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{lamdu} (ox goad). A long spiral.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter l";
beginglyph("l",0.8);
z1=(1/4[leftloc,rightloc], 2/3h);
z3=(x1,h);
z4=(leftloc,1/2[y1,y3]);
z2=(1/2[leftloc,rightloc],y4);
z6=(rightloc,0);
z5=(1/2[x4,x3], 8/10[y6,y1]);
draw z1{right}..z2{up}..z3{left}..z4{down}..z5..z6;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{L}
% Alternate Proto-Semitic \textit{lamdu} (ox goad). A long spiral.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic l";
beginglyph("L",0.8);
z1=(1/4[rightloc,leftloc], 2/3h);
z3=(x1,h);
z4=(rightloc,1/2[y1,y3]);
z2=(1/2[rightloc,leftloc],y4);
z6=(leftloc,0);
z5=(1/2[x4,x3], 8/10[y6,y1]);
draw z1{left}..z2{up}..z3{right}..z4{down}..z5..z6;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{m}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{mayyuma} (water). A jagged line.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar"Proto-Semitic letter m";
beginglyph("m",1.0);
numeric alpha;
alpha := 1/16h;
z1=(leftloc,1/2h-alpha);
z10=(rightloc,1/2h+alpha);
x2=1/7[x1,x10];
x3=2/7[x1,x10];
x4=3/7[x1,x10];
x5=4/7[x1,x10];
x6=5/7[x1,x10];
x7=6/7[x1,x10];
y2=y4=y6=y10;
y3=y5=y7=y1;
draw z1--z2--z3--z4--z5--z6--z7--z10;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{n}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{nahasu} (snake). A wriggling cobra.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter n";
beginglyph("n",1.0);
numeric alpha;
alpha := 3/8h;
z1=(leftloc,1/2h+alpha);
z3=(1/4[leftloc,rightloc],1/2h);
z5=(rightloc,y3-1/2alpha);
z4=(3/4[leftloc,rightloc],y3);
draw z1{dir(-20)}..{down}z3--z4{right}..z5;
labels(1,2,3,4,5); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
%
% \begin{macro}{`}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{enu} (eye).
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter enu (`)";
beginglyph("`",1.0);
numeric alpha;
path pth[];
alpha := 3/16h;
z1=(leftloc,1/2h);
z3=(rightloc,y1);
z2=(1/2[x1,x3],y1+alpha);
z4=(x2,y1-alpha);
pth1 := z1..z2..z3;
pth2 := z1..z4..z3;
z5 = point 0.75 of pth1; 
z7 = point 1.25 of pth1;
z6=1/2[z1,z3];
draw pth1; draw pth2;       % the eye
draw z5..z6..z7;             % the pupil
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{o}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{enu} (eye).
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter enu (coded as o)";
beginglyph("o",1.0);
numeric alpha;
path pth[];
alpha := 3/16h;
z1=(leftloc,1/2h);
z3=(rightloc,y1);
z2=(1/2[x1,x3],y1+alpha);
z4=(x2,y1-alpha);
pth1 := z1..z2..z3;
pth2 := z1..z4..z3;
z5 = point 0.75 of pth1; 
z7 = point 1.25 of pth1;
z6=1/2[z1,z3];
draw pth1; draw pth2;       % the eye
draw z5..z6..z7;             % the pupil
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{O}
% An alternative Proto-Semitic \textit{enu} (eye).
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternative Proto-Semitic o";
beginglyph("O",1.0);
numeric alpha;
path pth[];
alpha := 3/16h;
z1=(leftloc,1/2h);
z3=(rightloc,y1);
z2=(1/2[x1,x3],y1+alpha);
z4=(x2,y1-alpha);
pth1 := z1..z2..z3;
pth2 := z1..z4..z3;
%z5 = point 0.75 of pth1; 
%z7 = point 1.25 of pth1;
%z6=1/2[z1,z3];
draw pth1; draw pth2;       % the eye
%draw z5..z6..z7;             % the pupil
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{s}
% The Proto-Semitic letter s?. A box with a tail.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter s? (s)";
beginglyph("s", 1.0);
numeric alpha;
alpha := 0.1*(rightloc-leftloc);
z1=(leftloc+alpha, h/2); z3=(rightloc,y1);
z2=(1/2[x1,x3], h); z4=(x2,0);
z5=(leftloc,1/2[y1,y4]);
draw z1--z2--z3--z4--cycle;
draw z1--z5;
labels(1,2,3,4,5); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{q}
% The Proto-Semitic q? figure of eight (a knot?).
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Proto-semitic letter q? figure-of-eight (q)";
beginglyph("q", 1.0);
numeric alpha;
alpha := 3/16h;
z1=(leftloc,h/2); z6=(rightloc,y1);
%% left oval
z3=2/3[z1,z6];
x4=x2=1/2[x1,x3]; y2=y1+alpha; y4=y1-alpha;
%% right oval
x5=x7=1/2[x3,x6]; y5=y1+3/4alpha; y7=y1-3/4alpha;
draw z1..z2..z3..z4..cycle;
draw z3..z5..z6..z7..cycle;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{Q}
% An alternate Proto-Semitic figure of eight (a knot?).
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic figure-of-eight (coded as Q)";
beginglyph("Q", 0.5);
numeric alpha;
z1=(midloc,0); z6=(midloc,h);
%% bottom oval
z3=2/3[z1,z6];
y4=y2=1/2[y1,y3]; x2=leftloc; x4=rightloc;
%% top oval
y5=y7=1/2[y3,y6]; x5=1/2[x2,x3]; x7=1/2[x3,x4];
draw z1..z2..z3..z4..cycle;
draw z3..z5..z6..z7..cycle;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{w}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{wawwu} (hook/peg). Like a lamppost.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter w";
beginglyph("w",0.4);
numeric alpha;
x1=leftloc;
x3=rightloc;
alpha=0.5(x3-x1);  % circle radius
y2=h;
y4=y2-2alpha;
bot y5=-o;
x2=x4=x5=midloc;
y1=y3=h-alpha;
draw z1..z2..z3..z4..cycle;  % the circle
draw z5--z4;                 % the upright
labels(1,2,3,4,5); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{r}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{rasu} (head). It looks like a head in left 
% profile wearing a skull cap.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter r";
beginglyph("r", 0.8);
numeric alpha,beta;
alpha := 1/20w;
pair vec[];
z2=(leftloc,1/3h);             % tip of nose
z9=(rightloc,0);               % base of back of neck
z1=(1/3[leftloc,rightloc],0);  % base of front of neck
z3=(x1,3/4h);                  % front of hat
z6=(1/2[x1,x9], 3/4[y1,y2]);   % nape of neck
z5=(1/2[x6,x9], 1/2[y2,y3]);   % back of hat
z4=(9/12[x3,x5], h);            % top of head
z10'=9/16[z2,z3];               % eye
z10=(x10'+5/2alpha, y10');
beta := angle(z5-z3);
vec1 := dir(beta);
vec2=(z3-z2);
z11=z10 shifted (alpha*vec1);
z9'=(x5,y9);
draw z1{up}..z2;               % chin
draw z2--z3{vec2}..z4{right}..z5..z6..{down}z9'; % head
draw z3--z5;                   % hat
draw z10--z11;                 % eye
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9',10,11); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{R}
% An alternate Proto-Semitic \textit{rasu} (head). It looks like a head in 
% right profile.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic r (coded as R)";
beginglyph("R", 0.8);
numeric alpha, beta;
alpha := 1/20w;
pair vec[];
z2=(rightloc,1/3h);             % tip of nose
z9=(leftloc,0);               % base of back of neck
z1=(1/3[rightloc,leftloc],0);  % base of front of neck
z3=(x1,3/4h);                  % front of hat
z6=(1/2[x1,x9], 3/4[y1,y2]);   % nape of neck
z5=(1/2[x6,x9], 1/2[y2,y3]);   % back of hat
z4=(9/12[x3,x5], 9/10h);            % top of head
z10'=11/16[z2,z3];               % eye
z10=(x10'-5/2alpha, y10');
beta := angle(z5-z3);
vec1 := dir(angle(z5-z3));
vec2=(z3-z2);
z11=z10 shifted (alpha*vec1);
z9'=(x5,y9);
draw z1{up}..z2;               % chin
draw z2--z3{vec2}..z4{left}..z5..z6..{down}z9'; % head
%%draw z3--z5;                   % hat
draw z10--z11;                 % eye
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9',10,11); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{S}
% The Proto-Semitic letter s sup v. It's like a modern lowercase w.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter s sup v (coded as S)";
beginglyph("S", 1.0);
z2=(leftloc,1/4h); z6=(rightloc,y2);
z3=(1/4[x2,x6], 0); z5=(3/4[x2,x6], y3);
z1=(x3,6/8h); z7=(x5,y1);
z4=(1/2[x3,x5],y2);
draw z1..z2{down}..z3{right}..{up}z4;
draw z7..z6{down}..z5{left}..{up}z4;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{t}
% The Proto-Semitic \textit{tawwu} (mark). A cross.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter t";
beginglyph("t", 0.8);
numeric alpha;
alpha := midloc-leftloc;
z10=(midloc,1/2h);
z1=(leftloc,y10); z2=(rightloc,y1);
z3=(x10,y10+alpha);
z4=(x3,y10-alpha);
draw z1--z2;         % horizontal
draw z3--z4;         % vertical
labels(1,2,3,4,10); endchar;
 
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{p}
%    The Proto-Semitic letter looking like a leg \& foot, p?.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter like a leg & foot (p)";
beginglyph("p", 0.8);
x1=x2=leftloc; y1=17/20h; y2=3/20h;
z3=(rightloc,y2);
x6=1/4[x2,x3]; y6=y1;
x5=x6; y5 = y2 + (x6-x1);
x4=x3 -(y5-y2); y4=y5;
draw z1--z2--z3;
draw z6--z5--z4{right}..{down}z3;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{P}
%    Alternate Proto-Semitic letter looking like a leg \& foot. Looks like an
% elbow in this case.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic letter like a leg & foot (coded as P)";
beginglyph("P", 0.8);
numeric alpha;
alpha := 2/10(rightloc-leftloc);
x1=rightloc; x2=leftloc; y1=17/20h; y2=3/20h;
z5=(x1-alpha, y1);
z6=(x2,y2+alpha);
z0=(x1,y2); z10=(x2,y1);
z3=3/20[z0,z10];
z7=7/20[z0,z10];
draw z1{down}..z3..{left}z2;
draw z5{down}..z7..{left}z6;
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{x}
%    The Proto-Semitic letter looking like a plant. S sub dot?
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter like a plant, S sub dot? (coded as x)";
beginglyph("x", 1.0);
x1=x2=midloc;
x3=leftloc; x4=rightloc;
y1=0; y2=h;
y3=y4=2/3h;
draw z1--z2;          % the stem
draw z1{up}..z3; draw z1{up}..z4;   % the leaves
labels(1,2,3,4); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{X}
%    Alternate Proto-Semitic letter looking like a plant.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic letter like a plant (X)";
beginglyph("X", 0.8);
x1=x2=midloc;
x3=leftloc; x4=rightloc;
y1=0; y2=h;
z5=1/2[z1,z2];
y3=y4=h;
draw z1--z2;          % the stem
draw z5{up}..z3; draw z5{up}..z4;   % the leaves
labels(1,2,3,4); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{v}
%    Proto-Semitic letter looking like a viking helmet.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Proto-Semitic letter like a viking helmet (v)";
beginglyph("v", 0.8);
path pth[];
%% helmet
z1=(leftloc,0); z7=(rightloc,0);
z4=(midloc,h);
pth1 := z1{up}..{(1,2)}z4{(1,-2)}..z7{down};
%% wings
z3 = point 0.75 of pth1;
z13=(leftloc,h);
z5 = point 1.25 of pth1;
z15=(rightloc,y13);
draw pth1; draw z7--z1;                    % helmet
draw z3--z13; draw z5--z15;                % 2 wings
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,13,15,16); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{V}
%    Alternate Proto-Semitic letter looking like a viking helmet.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Alternate Proto-Semitic letter like a viking helmet (V)";
beginglyph("V", 0.8);
path pth[];
%% helmet
z1=(leftloc,0); z7=(rightloc,0);
z4=(midloc,13/16h);
y2=y6=3/4[y1,y4];
x2=2/10[x1,x7]; x6=2/10[x7,x1];
pth1 := z1--z2{(z2-z1)}..z4{right}..{(z7-z6)}z6--z7--cycle;
pth2 := subpath (1,3) of pth1;
%% wings
z3 = point 0.5 of pth2;
z13=(leftloc,h);
z5 = point 1.5 of pth2;
z15=(rightloc,y13);
z16'=z6 shifted (h*(2,1));
z16=whatever[z6,z16']; x16=rightloc;
draw pth1;                                 % helmet
draw z3--z13; draw z5--z15; draw z6--z16;  % 3 wings
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,13,15,16); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%  The end of the glyphs and the file
%
%    \begin{macrocode} 

end 

%</up> 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%
% \section{The font definition files} \label{sec:fd}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*fdot1>
\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{proto}{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{proto}{m}{n}{ <-> proto10 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{proto}{bx}{n}{ <-> sub proto/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{proto}{b}{n}{ <-> sub proto/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{proto}{m}{sl}{ <-> sub proto/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{proto}{m}{it}{ <-> sub proto/m/n }{}
%</fdot1>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*fdt1>
\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{proto}{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{proto}{m}{n}{ <-> proto10 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{proto}{bx}{n}{ <-> sub proto/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{proto}{b}{n}{ <-> sub proto/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{proto}{m}{sl}{ <-> sub proto/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{proto}{m}{it}{ <-> sub proto/m/n }{}
%</fdt1>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{The \Lpack{protosem} package code} \label{sec:code}
%
%    Announce the name and version of the package, which requires
% \LaTeXe{}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*usc>
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{protosem}[2005/03/18 v1.2 package for Proto-Semitic fonts]
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{\protofamily}
%    Selects the font family in the T1 encoding.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\protofamily}{\usefont{T1}{proto}{m}{n}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\textproto}
%    Text command for the font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textproto}{\protofamily}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% The commands for the signs.
% \changes{v1.3}{2005/07/21}{Changed \cs{Amum} to \cs{Amem}}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\chardef\Arq=`'
\chardef\Aa=`a   \chardef\Aaleph=`a
\chardef\Ab=`b   \chardef\Abeth=`b
\chardef\Ag=`g   \chardef\Agimel=`g
\chardef\Ad=`d   \chardef\Adaleth=`d
\chardef\Az=`z   \chardef\Azayin=`z
\chardef\Ah=`e   \chardef\Ahe=`e
\chardef\Aw=`w   \chardef\Avav=`w
\chardef\Ahd=`H   \chardef\Aheth=`H
\chardef\Atd=`T   \chardef\Ateth=`T
\chardef\Ay=`y   \chardef\Ayod=`y
\chardef\Ak=`k   \chardef\Akaph=`k
\chardef\Al=`l   \chardef\Alamed=`l
\chardef\Am=`m   \chardef\Amem=`m
\chardef\An=`n   \chardef\Anun=`n
\chardef\Alq=``
\chardef\Ao=`o   \chardef\Aayin=`o
\chardef\As=`s   \chardef\Asamekh=`s
\chardef\Ap=`p   \chardef\Ape=`p
\chardef\Asd=`x   \chardef\Asade=`x
\chardef\Aq=`q   \chardef\Aqoph=`q
\chardef\Ar=`r   \chardef\Aresh=`r
\chardef\Asv=`S   \chardef\Ashin=`S
\chardef\Av=`v   \chardef\Ahelmet=`v
\chardef\At=`t   \chardef\Atav=`t

\chardef\AAa=`A  \chardef\AAaleph=`A
\chardef\AAb=`B  \chardef\AAbeth=`B
\chardef\AAd=`D  \chardef\AAdaleth=`D
\chardef\AAh=`E  \chardef\AAhe=`E
\chardef\AAhd=`h  \chardef\AAheth=`h
\chardef\AAy=`Y  \chardef\AAyod=`Y
\chardef\AAk=`K  \chardef\AAkaph=`K
\chardef\AAl=`L  \chardef\AAlamed=`L
\chardef\AAo=`O  \chardef\AAayin=`O
\chardef\AAp=`P  \chardef\AApe=`P
\chardef\AAsd=`X  \chardef\AAsade=`X
\chardef\AAq=`Q  \chardef\AAqoph=`Q
\chardef\AAr=`R  \chardef\AAresh=`R
\chardef\AAv=`V  \chardef\AAhelmet=`V

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\translitproto}
% \begin{macro}{\transliprotofont}
%  |\translitproto{|\meta{commands}|}| transliterates
% \meta{commands} using the |\translitproto| font. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\translitproto}[1]{{%
  \@translitPS\translitprotofont #1}}
\newcommand{\translitprotofont}{\itshape}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@translitPS}
%  This macro redefines all the character commands to produce
% the transliterated value instead of the glyph. There must be no
% spaces in the definition.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\@translitPS}{%
\def\Arq{'}%
\def\Aa{'}\def\Aaleph{\Aa}\def\AAa{\Aa}\def\AAaleph{\Aa}%
\def\Ab{b}\def\Abeth{\Ab}\def\AAb{\Ab}\def\AAbeth{\Ab}%
\def\Ag{g}\def\Agimel{\Ag}%
\def\Ad{d}\def\Adaleth{\Ad}\def\AAd{\Ad}\def\AAdaleth{\Ad}%
\def\Ae{h}\def\Ahe{\Ae}\def\AAe{\Ae}\def\AAhe{\Ae}%
\def\Az{z}\def\Azayin{\Az}%
\def\Aw{w}\def\Avav{\Aw}%
\def\Ahd{\d{h}}\def\Aheth{\Ahd}\def\AAhd{\Ahd}\def\AAheth{\Ahd}%
\def\Atd{\d{t}}\def\Ateth{\Atd}%
\def\Ay{y}\def\Ayod{\Ay}\def\AAy{\Ay}\def\AAyod{\Ay}%
\def\Ak{k}\def\Akaph{\Ak}\def\AAk{\Ak}\def\AAkaph{\Ak}%
\def\Al{l}\def\Alamed{\Al}\def\AAl{\Al}\def\AAlamed{\Al}%
\def\Am{m}\def\Amem{\Am}%
\def\An{n}\def\Anun{\An}%
\def\Alq{`}%
\def\Ao{`}\def\Aayin{\Ao}\def\AAo{\Ao}\def\AAayin{\Ao}%
\def\As{s}\def\Asamekh{\As}%
\def\Ap{p}\def\Ape{\Ap}\def\AAp{\Ap}\def\AApe{\Ap}%
\def\Asd{\d{s}}\def\Asade{\Asd}\def\AAsd{\Asd}\def\AAsade{\Asd}%
\def\Aq{q}\def\Aqoph{\Aq}\def\AAq{\Aq}\def\AAqoph{\Aq}%
\def\Ar{r}\def\Aresh{\Ar}\def\AAr{\Ar}\def\AAresh{\Ar}%
\def\Asv{\v{s}}\def\Ashin{\Asv}%
\def\Av{?}\def\Ahelmet{\Av}\def\AAv{\Av}\def\AAhelmet{\Av}%
\def\At{t}\def\Atav{\At}%
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
%
%    The end of this package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</usc>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{The Postscript Type1 map} \label{sec:map}
%
% Just one line.
% \changes{v1.2}{2005/03/18}{Added map file}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*map>
proto10 Archaic-ProtoSemitic <proto10.pfb
%</map>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \Finale
% \PrintIndex
%
\endinput

%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}