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<h2 class="titleHead">The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live Guide—2013 </h2>
<div class="author" ><span
class="ec-lmr-12">Karl Berry, editor</span>
<br /> <a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-12">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a> </div><br />
<div class="date" ><span
class="ec-lmr-12">May 2013</span></div>
</div>
<h3 class="likesectionHead"><a
id="x1-1000"></a>Contents</h3>
<div class="tableofcontents">
<span class="sectionToc" >1 <a
href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">Introduction</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >1.1 <a
href="#x1-30001.1" id="QQ2-1-3">TEX Live and the TEX Collection</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >1.2 <a
href="#x1-40001.2" id="QQ2-1-4">Operating system support</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >1.3 <a
href="#x1-50001.3" id="QQ2-1-5">Basic installation of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >1.4 <a
href="#x1-60001.4" id="QQ2-1-6">Security considerations</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >1.5 <a
href="#x1-70001.5" id="QQ2-1-7">Getting help</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a
href="#x1-80002" id="QQ2-1-8">Overview of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.1 <a
href="#x1-90002.1" id="QQ2-1-9">The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection: TEX Live, proTEXt, MacTEX</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.2 <a
href="#x1-100002.2" id="QQ2-1-10">Top level TEX Live directories</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.3 <a
href="#x1-110002.3" id="QQ2-1-11">Overview of the predefined texmf trees</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.4 <a
href="#x1-120002.4" id="QQ2-1-12">Extensions to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >2.5 <a
href="#x1-130002.5" id="QQ2-1-13">Other notable programs in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a
href="#x1-140003" id="QQ2-1-14">Installation</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >3.1 <a
href="#x1-150003.1" id="QQ2-1-15">Starting the installer</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.1 <a
href="#x1-160003.1.1" id="QQ2-1-16">Unix</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.2 <a
href="#x1-170003.1.2" id="QQ2-1-17">MacOSX</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.3 <a
href="#x1-180003.1.3" id="QQ2-1-18">Windows</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.4 <a
href="#x1-190003.1.4" id="QQ2-1-22">Cygwin</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.5 <a
href="#x1-200003.1.5" id="QQ2-1-23">The text installer</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.6 <a
href="#x1-210003.1.6" id="QQ2-1-24">The expert graphical installer</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.7 <a
href="#x1-220003.1.7" id="QQ2-1-25">The simple wizard installer</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >3.2 <a
href="#x1-230003.2" id="QQ2-1-26">Running the installer</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.1 <a
href="#x1-240003.2.1" id="QQ2-1-27">Binary systems menu (Unix only)</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.2 <a
href="#x1-250003.2.2" id="QQ2-1-29">Selecting what is to be installed</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.3 <a
href="#x1-260003.2.3" id="QQ2-1-32">Directories</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.4 <a
href="#x1-270003.2.4" id="QQ2-1-33">Options</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >3.3 <a
href="#x1-280003.3" id="QQ2-1-35">Command-line install-tl options</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.3.1 <a
href="#x1-290003.3.1" id="QQ2-1-36">The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span>option</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >3.4 <a
href="#x1-300003.4" id="QQ2-1-37">Post-install actions</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.1 <a
href="#x1-310003.4.1" id="QQ2-1-38">Environment variables for Unix</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.2 <a
href="#x1-320003.4.2" id="QQ2-1-39">Environment variables: Global configuration</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.3 <a
href="#x1-330003.4.3" id="QQ2-1-40">Internet updates after DVD installation</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.4 <a
href="#x1-340003.4.4" id="QQ2-1-41">System font configuration for XeTEX and LuaTEX</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.5 <a
href="#x1-350003.4.5" id="QQ2-1-42">ConTEXt Mark IV</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.6 <a
href="#x1-360003.4.6" id="QQ2-1-43">Integrating local and personal macros</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.7 <a
href="#x1-370003.4.7" id="QQ2-1-44">Integrating third-party fonts</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >3.5 <a
href="#x1-380003.5" id="QQ2-1-45">Testing the installation</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >3.6 <a
href="#x1-390003.6" id="QQ2-1-46">Links for additional downloadable software</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >4 <a
href="#x1-400004" id="QQ2-1-47">Specialized installations</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >4.1 <a
href="#x1-410004.1" id="QQ2-1-48">Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >4.2 <a
href="#x1-420004.2" id="QQ2-1-49">Portable (USB) installations</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >4.3 <a
href="#x1-430004.3" id="QQ2-1-50">ISO (or DVD) installations</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5 <a
href="#x1-440005" id="QQ2-1-51"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>: Managing your installation</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >5.1 <a
href="#x1-450005.1" id="QQ2-1-55"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>GUI mode</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >5.2 <a
href="#x1-460005.2" id="QQ2-1-56">Sample <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>command-line invocations</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >6 <a
href="#x1-470006" id="QQ2-1-57">Notes on Windows</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >6.1 <a
href="#x1-480006.1" id="QQ2-1-58">Windows-specific features</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >6.2 <a
href="#x1-490006.2" id="QQ2-1-59">Additional software included on Windows</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >6.3 <a
href="#x1-500006.3" id="QQ2-1-61">User Profile is Home</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >6.4 <a
href="#x1-510006.4" id="QQ2-1-62">The Windows registry</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >6.5 <a
href="#x1-520006.5" id="QQ2-1-63">Windows permissions</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >6.6 <a
href="#x1-530006.6" id="QQ2-1-64">Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >7 <a
href="#x1-540007" id="QQ2-1-65">A user’s guide to Web2C</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.1 <a
href="#x1-550007.1" id="QQ2-1-66">Kpathsea path searching</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.1 <a
href="#x1-560007.1.1" id="QQ2-1-67">Path sources</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.2 <a
href="#x1-570007.1.2" id="QQ2-1-68">Config files</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.3 <a
href="#x1-580007.1.3" id="QQ2-1-69">Path expansion</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.4 <a
href="#x1-590007.1.4" id="QQ2-1-70">Default expansion</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.5 <a
href="#x1-600007.1.5" id="QQ2-1-71">Brace expansion</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.6 <a
href="#x1-610007.1.6" id="QQ2-1-72">Subdirectory expansion</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.7 <a
href="#x1-620007.1.7" id="QQ2-1-73">List of special characters and their meaning: a summary</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.2 <a
href="#x1-630007.2" id="QQ2-1-74">Filename databases</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.1 <a
href="#x1-640007.2.1" id="QQ2-1-75">The filename database</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.2 <a
href="#x1-650007.2.2" id="QQ2-1-76">kpsewhich: Standalone path searching</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.3 <a
href="#x1-660007.2.3" id="QQ2-1-77">Examples of use</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.4 <a
href="#x1-670007.2.4" id="QQ2-1-78">Debugging actions</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >7.3 <a
href="#x1-680007.3" id="QQ2-1-82">Runtime options</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8 <a
href="#x1-690008" id="QQ2-1-83">Acknowledgements</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >9 <a
href="#x1-700009" id="QQ2-1-84">Release history</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >9.1 <a
href="#x1-710009.1" id="QQ2-1-85">Past</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.1 <a
href="#x1-720009.1.1" id="QQ2-1-86">2003</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.2 <a
href="#x1-730009.1.2" id="QQ2-1-87">2004</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.3 <a
href="#x1-740009.1.3" id="QQ2-1-88">2005</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.4 <a
href="#x1-750009.1.4" id="QQ2-1-89">2006–2007</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.5 <a
href="#x1-760009.1.5" id="QQ2-1-90">2008</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.6 <a
href="#x1-770009.1.6" id="QQ2-1-91">2009</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.7 <a
href="#x1-780009.1.7" id="QQ2-1-92">2010</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.8 <a
href="#x1-790009.1.8" id="QQ2-1-93">2011</a></span>
<br />   <span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.9 <a
href="#x1-800009.1.9" id="QQ2-1-94">2012</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >9.2 <a
href="#x1-810009.2" id="QQ2-1-95">Present</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >9.3 <a
href="#x1-820009.3" id="QQ2-1-96">Future</a></span>
</div>
<!--l. 31--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1 </span> <a
id="x1-20001"></a>Introduction</h3>
<!--l. 34--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1 </span> <a
id="x1-30001.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live and the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection</h4>
<!--l. 36--><p class="noindent" >This document describes the main features of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live software distribution — <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and related programs
for GNU/Linux and other Unix flavors, Mac OS X, and Windows systems.
<!--l. 40--><p class="indent" > You may have acquired <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live by downloading, or on the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection DVD, which <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> user
groups distribute among their members, or in other ways. Section <a
href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> briefly describes the contents of the
DVD. Both <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live and the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection are cooperative efforts by the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> user groups. This document
mainly describes <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live itself.
<!--l. 46--><p class="indent" > <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live includes executables for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, LaTeX2e, Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX and many
other programs; an extensive collection of macros, fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in
many different scripts from around the world.
<!--l. 51--><p class="indent" > For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, see the end of the document,
section <a
href="#x1-700009">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a> (p. <a
href="#x1-700009">72<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a>).
<!--l. 56--><p class="indent" > <a id="platforms"></a>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2 </span> <a
id="x1-40001.2"></a>Operating system support</h4>
<!--l. 60--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contains binaries for many Unix-based platforms, including GNU/Linux, Mac OS X,
and Cygwin. The included sources can be compiled on platforms for which we do not provide
binaries.
<!--l. 64--><p class="indent" > As to Windows: Windows XP and later are supported. Windows 2000 will probably still mostly work.
There are no special 64-bit executables for Windows, but the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit
systems.
<!--l. 69--><p class="indent" > See section <a
href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> for alternate solutions for Windows and Mac OS X.
<!--l. 72--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3 </span> <a
id="x1-50001.3"></a>Basic installation of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
<!--l. 75--><p class="noindent" >You can install <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live either from DVD or over the Internet (<a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a>).
The net installer itself is small, and downloads everything requested from the Internet.
<!--l. 79--><p class="indent" > The DVD installer lets you install to a local disk. You cannot run <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directly from the
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection DVD (or its <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.iso </span>image), but you can prepare a runnable installation on, e.g., a
USB stick (see section <a
href="#x1-420004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>). Installation is described in later sections (p. <a
href="#x1-140003">11<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:install --></a>), but here is a quick
start:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">The installation script is named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span>. It can operate in a “wizard mode” given the option
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=wizard </span>(default for Windows), a text mode given <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=text </span>(default for everything else),
and an expert GUI mode given <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=perltk</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">One of the installed items is the ‘<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live Manager’ program, named <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>. Like the installer, it
can be used in both GUI mode and in text mode. You can use it to install and uninstall packages
and do various configuration tasks.
</li></ul>
<!--l. 100--><p class="indent" > <a id="security"></a>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4 </span> <a
id="x1-60001.4"></a>Security considerations</h4>
<!--l. 104--><p class="noindent" >To the best of our knowledge, the core <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> programs themselves are (and always have been) extremely
robust. However, the contributed programs in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live may not reach the same level, despite everyone’s best
efforts. As always, you should be careful when running programs on untrusted input; for maximum safety, use
a new subdirectory.
<!--l. 110--><p class="indent" > This need for care is especially urgent on Windows, since in general Windows finds programs in the current
directory before anything else, regardless of the search path. This opens up a wide variety of possible attacks.
We have closed many holes, but undoubtedly some remain, especially with third-party programs. Thus, we
recommend checking for suspicious files in the current directory, especially executables (binaries or scripts).
Ordinarily they should not be present, and definitely should not normally be created by merely processing a
document.
<!--l. 119--><p class="indent" > Finally, <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (and its companion programs) are able to write files when processing documents, a feature
that can also be abused in a wide variety of ways. Again, processing unknown documents in a new subdirectory
is the safest bet.
<!--l. 125--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5 </span> <a
id="x1-70001.5"></a>Getting help</h4>
<!--l. 128--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> community is active and friendly, and most serious questions end up getting answered. However, the
support is informal, done by volunteers and casual readers, so it’s especially important that you do your
homework before asking. (If you prefer guaranteed commercial support, you can forgo <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
completely and purchase a vendor’s system; <a
href="http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors</span></a> has a
list.)
<!--l. 135--><p class="indent" > Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend using them:
<!--l. 138--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Getting Started</span> </dt><dd
class="description">If you are new to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, the web page <a
href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a> gives a brief
introduction to the system.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">FAQ</span> </dt><dd
class="description">The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> FAQ is a huge compendium of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most
basic to the most arcane. It is included on <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live in <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/</a>, and is
available on the Internet through <a
href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq</span></a>. Please check here first.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Catalogue</span> </dt><dd
class="description">If you are looking for a specific package, font, program, etc., the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Catalogue is the place to look. It is a huge collection of all <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related items. See
<a
href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/</span></a>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Web Resources</span> </dt><dd
class="description">The web page <a
href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a> has many <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related links,
in particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of the system.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">support archives</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Principal support forums include the Usenet newsgroup <a
href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">news:comp.text.tex</span></a>,
the mailing list <a
href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a>, and <a
href="http://tex.stackexchange.com" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tex.stackexchange.com</span></a>, a collaboratively edited
question and answer site. Their archives have years of past questions and answers for
your searching pleasure, via <a
href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics</span></a> and
<a
href="http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax</span></a>, respectively. And a general web search, for example
on <a
href="http://google.com" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://google.com</span></a>, never hurts.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">asking questions</span> </dt><dd
class="description">If you cannot find an answer, you can post to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex </span>through
Google or your newsreader, or to <a
href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a> through email. But before you post,
<span
class="ec-lmri-10">please </span>read this FAQ entry, to maximize your chances of getting a useful answer:
<a
href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion</span></a>. Also worth mentioning
are the <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> Community site at
<a
href="http://www.latex-community.org/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/</span></a> and its forum <a
href="http://www.latex-community.org/forum/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/forum/</span></a>,
and <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> StackExchange at <a
href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tex.stackexchange.com/</span></a>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Live support</span> </dt><dd
class="description">If you want to report a bug or have suggestions or comments on the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
distribution, installation, or documentation, the mailing list is <a
href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a>. However, if
your question is about how to use a particular program included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, please write to
that program’s maintainer or mailing list. Often running a program with the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--help </span>option will
provide a bug reporting address.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 189--><p class="indent" > The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions. Both <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax </span>are open
to anyone, so feel free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.
<!--l. 196--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2 </span> <a
id="x1-80002"></a>Overview of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h3>
<!--l. 199--><p class="noindent" >This section describes the contents of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live and the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection of which it is a part.
<!--l. 202--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1 </span> <a
id="x1-90002.1"></a>The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection: <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pro<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
<!--l. 205--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection DVD comprises the following:
<!--l. 207--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Live</span> </dt><dd
class="description">A complete <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system to be installed to disk. Home page: <a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Mac</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd
class="description">for Mac OS X, this adds a native Mac OS X installer and other Mac applications to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live. Home page: <a
href="http://tug.org/mactex/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex/</span></a>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">pro</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">t</span> </dt><dd
class="description">An enhancement of the MiK<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> distribution for Windows, pro<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t adds a few extra
tools to MiK<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and simplifies installation. It is entirely independent of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, and has its
own installation instructions. Home page: <a
href="http://tug.org/protext/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/protext/</span></a>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">CTAN</span> </dt><dd
class="description">A snapshot of the CTAN repository (<a
href="http://www.ctan.org/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org/</span></a>).
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 226--><p class="indent" > CTAN and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">protext </span>do not follow the same copying conditions as <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, so be careful when
redistributing or modifying.
<!--l. 230--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2 </span> <a
id="x1-100002.2"></a>Top level <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directories</h4>
<!--l. 233--><p class="noindent" >Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation.
<!--l. 236--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 237--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system programs, arranged by platform.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">readme-*.dir</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 239--><p class="noindent" >Quick overview and useful links for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, in various languages, in both HTML and plain
text.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">source</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 242--><p class="noindent" >The source to all included programs, including the main Web2C-based <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> distributions.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 245--><p class="noindent" >The principal tree; see <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST </span>below.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 247--><p class="noindent" >Scripts, programs and data for managing the installation, and special support for Windows.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 251--><p class="indent" > In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">README </span>files (in various languages) are at
the top level of the distribution.
<!--l. 255--><p class="indent" > For documentation, the comprehensive links in the top-level file <a
href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html</a> may be helpful. The
documentation for the programs (manuals, man pages, Info files) is in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc</span>. The documentation for
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> packages and formats is in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc</span>. You can use the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc </span>program to find any documentation
wherever it is located.
<!--l. 262--><p class="indent" > This <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live documentation itself is in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/texlive</span>, available in several languages:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Czech/Slovak: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz</a>
</li>
<li class="itemize">German: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de</a>
</li>
<li class="itemize">English: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en</a>
</li>
<li class="itemize">French: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr</a>
</li>
<li class="itemize">Italian: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it</a>
</li>
<li class="itemize">Polish: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl</a>
</li>
<li class="itemize">Russian: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru</a>
</li>
<li class="itemize">Serbian: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr</a>
</li>
<li class="itemize">Simplified Chinese: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn</a></li></ul>
<!--l. 277--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3 </span> <a
id="x1-110002.3"></a>Overview of the predefined texmf trees</h4>
<!--l. 280--><p class="noindent" >This section lists the predefined variables specifying the texmf trees used by the system, and their intended
purpose, and the default layout of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. The command <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> conf </span>shows the values of
these variables, so that you can easily find out how they map to particular directories in your
installation.
<!--l. 286--><p class="indent" > All of the trees, including the personal ones, should follow the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Directory Structure (TDS,
<a
href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>), with all its myriad subdirectories, or files may not be found. Section <a
href="#x1-360003.4.6">3.4.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a> (p. <a
href="#x1-360003.4.6">38<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a>)
describes this in more detail.
<!--l. 292--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 293--><p class="noindent" >The tree which holds nearly all of the files in the original distribution—configuration files, scripts,
packages, fonts, etc. (The main exception are the per-platform executables, which are stored in a
sibling directory <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin/</span>.)
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 297--><p class="noindent" >The tree which administrators can use for system-wide installation of additional or updated
macros, fonts, etc.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 299--><p class="noindent" >The tree which users can use for their own individual installations of additional or updated macros,
fonts, etc. The expansion of this variable dynamically adjusts for each user to their own individual
directory.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 303--><p class="noindent" >The (personal) tree used by the utilities <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span>, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span> to store modified
configuration data.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 306--><p class="noindent" >The (site-wide) tree used by the utilities <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span>, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> to store
modified configuration data.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 309--><p class="noindent" >The (personal) tree used by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span> to store (cached) runtime data such
as format files and generated map files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 312--><p class="noindent" >The (site-wide) tree used by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span>, and also by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span>,
to store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 315--><p class="noindent" >The tree(s) used by Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV and Lua<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> to store (cached) runtime data; defaults
to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>, or (if that’s not writable), <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 320--><p class="noindent" >The default layout is:
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">system-wide root</span> </dt><dd
class="description">can span multiple <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live releases:
<dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">2012</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 325--><p class="noindent" >A previous release.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">2013</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 326--><p class="noindent" >The current release.
<dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 328--><p class="noindent" > 
<dl class="list4"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-linux</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 330--><p class="noindent" >GNU/Linux binaries
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 331--><p class="noindent" >
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 332--><p class="noindent" >Mac OS X binaries
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">win32</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 333--><p class="noindent" >Windows binaries</dd></dl>
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 335--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span>
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 336--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span>
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 337--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 339--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, intended to be retained from release to release.</dd></dl>
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">user’s home directory</span> </dt><dd
class="description">(<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span>)
<dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2012</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 345--><p class="noindent" >Privately generated and configuration data for a previous release.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2013</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 347--><p class="noindent" >Privately generated and configuration data for the current release.
<dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 350--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span>
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 351--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 353--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>Personal macros, etc.</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 358--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4 </span> <a
id="x1-120002.4"></a>Extensions to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
<!--l. 361--><p class="noindent" >Knuth’s original <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> itself is frozen, apart from rare bug fixes. It is present in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live as the program <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>,
and will remain so for the foreseeable future. <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live also contains several extended versions of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>(also
known as <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> engines):
<!--l. 366--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">e-</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd
class="description">adds a set of new primitives (related to macro expansion, character scanning, classes
of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>--XE T extensions for
bidirectional typesetting. In default mode, e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> is 100% compatible with ordinary <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>. See
<a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf</a>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">pdf</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd
class="description">builds on the e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> extensions, adding support for writing PDF output as well as DVI,
and many non-output-related extensions. This is the program invoked for most formats, e.g., <span
class="ec-lmss-10">etex</span>,
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">latex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex</span>.
Its web site is <a
href="http://www.pdftex.org/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.pdftex.org/</span></a>. See <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a> for the
manual, and <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex</a> for example usage of some
of its features.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Lua</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd
class="description">is the designated successor of pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and is mostly (but not entirely) backward-compatible.
It is also intended to be a functional superset of Aleph (see below), though technical compatibility
is not intended. The incorporated Lua interpreter (<a
href="http://www.lua.org/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.lua.org/</span></a>) enables elegant
solutions for many thorny <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> problems. When called as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texlua</span>, it functions as a standalone Lua
interpreter, and is already used as such within <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Its web site is <a
href="http://www.luatex.org/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.luatex.org/</span></a>,
and the reference manual is <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/luatex/base/luatexref-t.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/luatex/base/luatexref-t.pdf</a>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Xe</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd
class="description">adds support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system fonts, implemented using standard
third-party libraries. See <a
href="http://tug.org/xetex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/xetex</span></a>.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Omega</span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10"> (Omega)</span> </dt><dd
class="description">is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus supports working with almost all the
world’s scripts simultaneously. It also supports so-called ‘Omega Translation Processes’ (OTPs),
for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input. Omega is no longer included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live as a separate program; only Aleph is provided:
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Aleph</span> </dt><dd
class="description">combines the Omega and e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> extensions. See <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a>.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 410--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5 </span> <a
id="x1-130002.5"></a>Other notable programs in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
<!--l. 412--><p class="noindent" >Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
<!--l. 414--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex, bibtex8</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 416--><p class="noindent" >bibliography support.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">makeindex, xindy</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 418--><p class="noindent" >index support.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 420--><p class="noindent" >convert DVI to PostScript.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 422--><p class="noindent" >DVI previewer for the X Window System.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvilj</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 424--><p class="noindent" >DVI drive for the HP LaserJet family.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviconcat, dviselect</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 426--><p class="noindent" >cut and paste pages from DVI files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 429--><p class="noindent" >convert DVI to PDF, an alternative approach to pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (mentioned above).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">psselect, psnup, </span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">…</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 432--><p class="noindent" >PostScript utilities.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfjam, pdfjoin, </span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">…</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 434--><p class="noindent" >PDF utilities.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">context, mtxrun</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 436--><p class="noindent" >Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t and PDF processor.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">htlatex, </span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">…</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 438--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex4ht</span>: (L<span
class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> to HTML (and XML and more) converter.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 444--><p class="indent" > <a id="installation"></a>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3 </span> <a
id="x1-140003"></a>Installation</h3>
<!--l. 448--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1 </span> <a
id="x1-150003.1"></a>Starting the installer</h4>
<!--l. 451--><p class="noindent" >To begin, get the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection DVD or download the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live net installer, and locate the installer script:
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl </span>for Unix, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat </span>for Windows. See <a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a> for more
information and other methods of getting the software.
<!--l. 457--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Net installer:</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Download from CTAN,
under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">systems/texlive/tlnet</span>; the url <a
href="http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span></a> will
automatically redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, mirror. You can retrieve either <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.zip</span>
which can be used under Unix and Windows, or the considerably smaller <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-unx.tar.gz</span>
for Unix only. After unpacking, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat </span>will be in the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span>
subdirectory.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Collection DVD:</span> </dt><dd
class="description">go to the DVD’s <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive </span>subdirectory. Under Windows, the installer
normally starts automatically when you insert the DVD. You can get the DVD by becoming
a member of a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> user group (highly recommended, <a
href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>), or
purchasing it separately (<a
href="http://tug.org/store" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/store</span></a>), or burning your own from the ISO image.
You can also mount the ISO directly on most systems. After installing from DVD or ISO, if you
want to get continuing updates from the Internet, please see <a
href="#x1-330003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 480--><p class="indent" > The same installer program is run, whatever the source. The most visible difference between the two is that
with the net installer, what you end up with is the packages that are currently available. This
is in contrast to the DVD and ISO images, which are not updated between the major public
releases.
<!--l. 486--><p class="noindent" >The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail.
<!--l. 489--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1 </span> <a
id="x1-160003.1.1"></a>Unix</h5>
<!--l. 491--><p class="noindent" >Below, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span>denotes the shell prompt; user input is <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">bold</span>. The script <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl </span>is a Perl script. The simplest
way to start it on a Unix-compatible system is as follows: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 495--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">cd</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> /path/to/installer</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> install-tl</span>
</div>
</div> (Or you can invoke <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">perl /path/to/installer/install-tl</span>, or <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">./install-tl </span>if it stayed executable, etc.; we
won’t repeat all these variations.) You may have to enlarge your terminal window so that it shows the full text
installer screen (Figure <a
href="#x1-18061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a>).
<!--l. 504--><p class="indent" > To install in expert GUI mode (figure <a
href="#x1-18062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a>), you’ll need the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Perl::TK </span>module compiled with XFT support,
which is generally the case with GNU/Linux, but often not so with other systems. Given that, you can run:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 508--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> install-tl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -gui</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 512--><p class="indent" > For a complete listing of the various options: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 513--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> install-tl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -help</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 517--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Warning about Unix permissions: </span>Your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">umask </span>at the time of installation will be respected by the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live installer. Therefore, if you want your installation to be usable by users other than you, make sure your
setting is sufficiently permissive, for instance, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">umask 002</span>. For more information about <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">umask</span>, consult your
system documentation.
<!--l. 524--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Special considerations for Cygwin: </span>Unlike other Unix-compatible systems, Cygwin does
not by default include all of the prerequisite programs needed by the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installer. See
Section <a
href="#x1-190003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a>.
<!--l. 530--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2 </span> <a
id="x1-170003.1.2"></a>MacOSX</h5>
<!--l. 532--><p class="noindent" >As mentioned in section <a
href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, a separate distribution is prepared for Mac OS X, named
Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a
href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>). We recommend using the native Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> installer instead of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live installer on Mac OS X, because the native installer makes a few Mac-specific adjustments, in particular to
allow easily switching between the various <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> distributions for Mac OS X (Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, Fink, MacPorts, …)
using the so-called <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>Dist data structure.
<!--l. 540--><p class="indent" > Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> is firmly based on <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, and the main <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> trees and binaries are precisely the same. It
adds a few extra folders with Mac-specific documentation and applications.
<!--l. 545--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3 </span> <a
id="x1-180003.1.3"></a>Windows</h5>
<!--l. 547--><p class="noindent" >If you are using the net installer, or the DVD installer failed to start automatically, double-click
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span>. For more customization options, e.g., selection of specific package collections, run
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl-advanced.bat </span>instead.
<!--l. 552--><p class="indent" > You can also start the installer from the command-prompt. Below, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">> </span>denotes the prompt; user input is
<span
class="ec-lmtk-10">bold</span>. If you are in the installer directory, run just: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 555--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 559--><p class="indent" > Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 560--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">D:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">texlive</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
</div>
</div> for the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection DVD, supposing that <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">D: </span>is the optical drive. Figure <a
href="#x1-18063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a> displays the wizard installer,
which is the default for Windows.
<!--l. 567--><p class="indent" > To install in text mode, use: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 568--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -no-gui</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 572--><p class="indent" > For a complete listing of the various options: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 573--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -help</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 577--><p class="indent" > <hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
>
<a
id="x1-18061r1"></a>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"><a
id="x1-18002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Installing</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Live</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> 2013</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> from:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Platform:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> i386-linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ’Intel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/Linux’</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Distribution:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> inst</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> (compressed)</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18008r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18010r5"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Detected</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> platform:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Intel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18012r6"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18014r7"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <B></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> platforms:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> 1</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> out</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> of</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> 19</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18016r8"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18018r9"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <S></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> installation</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> (scheme-full)</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18020r10"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> 84</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> collections</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> out</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> of</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> 85,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> disk</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> space</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> required:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> 3886</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> MB</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18022r11"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18024r12"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Customizing</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> installation</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme:</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18026r13"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <C></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> standard</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18028r14"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <L></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> language</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18030r15"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18032r16"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <D></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> directories:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18034r17"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> TEXDIR</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> (the</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> main</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> directory):</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18036r18"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> /usr/local/texlive/2013</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18038r19"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18040r20"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18042r21"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <O></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> options:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18044r22"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> use</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> letter</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> size</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> instead</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> of</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> A4</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> by</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> default</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18046r23"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18048r24"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18050r25"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <V></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> set</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> up</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> for</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> portable</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> installation</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18052r26"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18054r27"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Actions:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18056r28"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <I></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> installation</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> to</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> hard</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> disk</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18058r29"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <H></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> help</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-18060r30"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <Q></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> quit</span></div>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 1: </span><span
class="content">Main text installer screen (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-18061r1 -->
<!--l. 611--><p class="indent" > </div><hr class="endfigure">
<!--l. 613--><p class="indent" > <hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
>
<a
id="x1-18062r2"></a>
<!--l. 614--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="../texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png" alt="pict"
>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 2: </span><span
class="content">Expert GUI installer screen (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-18062r2 -->
<!--l. 616--><p class="indent" > </div><hr class="endfigure">
<!--l. 618--><p class="indent" > <hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
>
<a
id="x1-18063r3"></a>
<!--l. 619--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="../texlive-common/wizard-w32.png" alt="pict"
>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 3: </span><span
class="content">Wizard installer screen (Windows)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-18063r3 -->
<!--l. 621--><p class="indent" > </div><hr class="endfigure">
<!--l. 624--><p class="indent" > <a id="cygwin"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4 </span> <a
id="x1-190003.1.4"></a>Cygwin</h5>
<!--l. 628--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installer supports only Cygwin 1.7. Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin’s <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">setup.exe</span>
program to install the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">perl </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">wget </span>packages if you have not already done so. The following additional
packages are recommended:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fontconfig </span>[needed by Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>]
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ghostscript </span>[needed by various utilities]
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">libXaw7 </span>[needed by <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xdvi</span>]
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ncurses </span>[provides the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">clear </span>command used by the installer]</li></ul>
<!--l. 641--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.5 </span> <a
id="x1-200003.1.5"></a>The text installer</h5>
<!--l. 643--><p class="noindent" >Figure <a
href="#x1-18061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a> displays the main text mode screen under Unix. The text installer is the default on
Unix.
<!--l. 646--><p class="indent" > This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at all. For instance, you cannot
tab around checkboxes or input fields. You just type something (case-sensitive) at the prompt
and press the Enter key, and then the entire terminal screen will be rewritten, with adjusted
content.
<!--l. 652--><p class="indent" > The text installer interface is this primitive for a reason: it is designed to run on as many platforms as
possible, even with a very barebones Perl.
<!--l. 656--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.6 </span> <a
id="x1-210003.1.6"></a>The expert graphical installer</h5>
<!--l. 658--><p class="noindent" >Figure <a
href="#x1-18062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a> displays the expert graphical installer under GNU/Linux. Other than using buttons and menus, this
does not differ much from the text installer.
<!--l. 662--><p class="indent" > This mode can be invoked explicitly with <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 663--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -gui=perltk</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 668--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.7 </span> <a
id="x1-220003.1.7"></a>The simple wizard installer</h5>
<!--l. 670--><p class="noindent" >Under Windows, the default is to run the simplest installation method we could devise, called the “wizard”
installer (figure <a
href="#x1-18063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a>). It installs everything and asks almost no questions. If you want to customize your setup,
you should run one of the other installers.
<!--l. 676--><p class="indent" > This mode can be invoked explicitly with <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 677--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -gui=wizard</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 682--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2 </span> <a
id="x1-230003.2"></a>Running the installer</h4>
<!--l. 685--><p class="noindent" >The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a few notes about the various options
and submenus.
<!--l. 688--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1 </span> <a
id="x1-240003.2.1"></a>Binary systems menu (Unix only)</h5>
<!--l. 691--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
>
<a
id="x1-24047r4"></a>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2"><a
id="x1-24002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Available</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> platforms:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ===============================================================================</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> a</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> alpha-linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> DEC</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Alpha</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24008r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> b</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> amd64-freebsd</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86_64</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> FreeBSD</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24010r5"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> c</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> amd64-kfreebsd</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86_64</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/kFreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24012r6"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> d</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> amd64-netbsd</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86_64</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> NetBSD</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24014r7"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> e</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> armel-linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ARM</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24016r8"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> f</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> armhf-linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ARMhf</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/Linux</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24018r9"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> g</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> i386-cygwin</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Intel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Cygwin</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24020r10"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> h</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> i386-freebsd</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Intel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> FreeBSD</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24022r11"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> i</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> i386-kfreebsd</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Intel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/kFreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24024r12"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> j</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> i386-linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Intel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/Linux</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24026r13"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> k</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> i386-netbsd</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Intel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> NetBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24028r14"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> l</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> i386-solaris</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Intel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Solaris</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24030r15"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> m</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> mips-irix</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> SGI</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> IRIX</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24032r16"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> o</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> mipsel-linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> mipsel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24034r17"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> powerpc-linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> PowerPC</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/Linux</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24036r18"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> s</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> sparc-solaris</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Sparc</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24038r19"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> t</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> universal-darwin</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> universal</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> binaries</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> for</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> MacOSX/Darwin</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24040r20"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> u</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> win32</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Windows</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24042r21"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> v</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86_64-darwin</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86_64</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> MacOSX/Darwin</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24044r22"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> w</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86_64-linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86_64</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-24046r23"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86_64-solaris</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> x86_64</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> with</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Solaris</span></div>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 4: </span><span
class="content">Binaries menu</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-24047r4 -->
<!--l. 718--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
<!--l. 720--><p class="indent" > Figure <a
href="#x1-24047r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a> displays the text mode binaries menu. By default, only the binaries for your current platform will
be installed. From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other platforms as well. This can be
useful if you are sharing a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> tree across a network of heterogeneous machines, or for a dual-boot
system.
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2 </span> <a
id="x1-250003.2.2"></a>Selecting what is to be installed</h5>
<!--l. 730--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
>
<a
id="x1-25025r5"></a>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3"><a
id="x1-25002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Select</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ===============================================================================</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> a</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [X]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> full</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> (everything)</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25008r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> b</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> medium</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> (small</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> +</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> more</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> packages</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> and</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> languages)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25010r5"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> c</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> small</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> (basic</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> +</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> xetex,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> metapost,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> a</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> few</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> languages)</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25012r6"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> d</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> basic</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> (plain</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> and</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> latex)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25014r7"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> e</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> minimal</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> (plain</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> only)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25016r8"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> f</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ConTeXt</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25018r9"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> g</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> GUST</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Live</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25020r10"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> h</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> teTeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> (more</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> than</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> medium,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> but</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> nowhere</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> near</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> full)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25022r11"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> i</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> XML</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-25024r12"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> j</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> custom</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> selection</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> of</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> collections</span></div>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 5: </span><span
class="content">Scheme menu</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-25025r5 -->
<!--l. 746--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
<!--l. 748--><p class="indent" > Figure <a
href="#x1-25025r5">5<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:scheme-text --></a> displays the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live scheme menu; from here, you choose a “scheme”, which is an overall set of
package collections. The default <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">full </span>scheme installs everything available. This is recommended, but you
can also choose the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">basic </span>scheme for a small system, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">minimal </span>for testing purposes, and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">medium</span>
or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">teTeX </span>to get something in between. There are also various specialized and country-specific
schemes.
<!--l. 756--><p class="indent" > <hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
>
<a
id="x1-25026r6"></a>
<!--l. 757--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="../texlive-common/stdcoll.png" alt="pict"
>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 6: </span><span
class="content">Collections menu</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-25026r6 -->
<!--l. 759--><p class="indent" > </div><hr class="endfigure">
<!--l. 761--><p class="indent" > You can refine your scheme selection with the ‘standard collections’ and ‘language collections’ menus
(figure <a
href="#x1-25026r6">6<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:collections-gui --></a>, shown in GUI mode for a change).
<!--l. 765--><p class="indent" > Collections are one level more detailed than schemes — in essence, a scheme consists of several collections, a
collection consists of one or more packages, and a package (the lowest level grouping in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live) contains the
actual <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> macro files, font files, and so on.
<!--l. 770--><p class="indent" > If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live Manager (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>)
program after installation (see section <a
href="#x1-440005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>); using that, you can control the installation at the package
level.
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3 </span> <a
id="x1-260003.2.3"></a>Directories</h5>
<!--l. 778--><p class="noindent" >The default layout is described in section <a
href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-110002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>. The default location of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR </span>is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/2013</span>
on Unix and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\2013</span></span></span> on Windows.
<!--l. 783--><p class="indent" > The main reason to change this default is if you lack write permission for the default location. You don’t
have to be root or administrator to install <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, but you do need write access to the target
directory.
<!--l. 787--><p class="indent" > A reasonable alternative choice is a directory under your home directory, especially if you will be the sole
user. Use ‘<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span>’ to indicate this, as in ‘<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texlive/2013</span></span></span>’.
<!--l. 791--><p class="indent" > We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different releases of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live side by
side. (You may wish to make a version-independent name such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive-cur </span>via a symbolic
link, which you can then repoint after testing the new release.)
<!--l. 796--><p class="indent" > Changing <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR </span>in the installer will also change <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>.
<!--l. 800--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>is the recommended location for personal macro files or packages. The default value is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texmf</span></span></span>.
In contrast to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span>, here a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> is preserved in the newly-written configuration files, since it usefully refers to
the home directory of the user running <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>. It expands to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME </span>on Unix and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> on Windows.
Special redundant note: <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span>, like all trees, must be organized according to the TDS, or files may not be
found.
<!--l. 809--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR </span>is the location for storing most cached runtime data specific to each user. <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE </span>is the
variable name used for that purpose by Lua<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>and Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV (see section <a
href="#x1-350003.4.5">3.4.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-350003.4.5">38<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>); its default
value is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>, or (if that’s not writable), <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>.
<!--l. 817--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.4 </span> <a
id="x1-270003.2.4"></a>Options</h5>
<!--l. 820--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
>
<a
id="x1-27025r7"></a>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4"><a
id="x1-27002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Options</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> setup:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ===============================================================================</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <P></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> use</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> letter</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> size</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> instead</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> of</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> A4</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> by</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> default:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27008r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <E></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> execution</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> of</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> restricted</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> list</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> of</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> programs:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [X]</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27010r5"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <F></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> create</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> format</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> files:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27012r6"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <D></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> install</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> font/macro</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> doc</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> tree:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [X]</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27014r7"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <S></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> install</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> font/macro</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> source</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> tree:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27016r8"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <L></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> create</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> symlinks</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> in</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> standard</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> directories:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27018r9"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> binaries</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> to:</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27020r10"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> manpages</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27022r11"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> info</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-27024r12"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> <Y></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> after</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> installation,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> get</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> package</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> updates</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> from</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> CTAN:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> [X]</span></div>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 7: </span><span
class="content">Options menu (Unix)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-27025r7 -->
<!--l. 836--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
<!--l. 838--><p class="indent" > Figure <a
href="#x1-27025r7">7<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:options-text --></a> shows the text mode options menu. More info on each:
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">use letter size instead of A4 by default:</span> </dt><dd
class="description">The default paper size selection. Of course, individual
documents can and should specify a specific paper size, if desired.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">execution of restricted list of programs:</span> </dt><dd
class="description">As of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2010, execution of a few external
programs is allowed by default. The (very short) list of allowed programs is given in the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
See the 2010 news (section <a
href="#x1-780009.1.7">9.1.7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:2010news --></a>) for more details.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">create format files:</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Although unnecessary format files take time to generate and disk space to store,
it is still recommended to leave this option checked: if you don’t, then format files will be generated
in people’s private <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR </span>tree as they are needed. In that location, they will not be updated
automatically if (say) binaries or hyphenation patterns are updated in the installation, and thus
you could end up with incompatible format files.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">install font/macro </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">…</span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10"> tree:</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Omit downloading/installing the documentation and source files
included in most packages. Not recommended.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">create symlinks in standard directories:</span> </dt><dd
class="description">This option (Unix only) bypasses the need to change
environment variables. Without this option, <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directories usually have to be added to
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">INFOPATH</span>. You will need write permissions to the target directories. It is
strongly advised <span
class="ec-lmri-10">not </span>to overwrite a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system that came with your system with this option. It
is intended primarily for accessing the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> system through directories that are already known
to users, such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/bin</span>, which don’t already contain any <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> files.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">after installation </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">…</span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10"> CTAN:</span> </dt><dd
class="description">When installing from DVD, this option is enabled by default, since
usually one wants to take any subsequent package updates from the CTAN area that is updated
throughout the year. The only likely reason to disable it is if you install only a subset from the
DVD and plan to augment the installation later. In any case, the package repository for the
installer, and for updates after installation, can be set independently as needed; see section <a
href="#x1-290003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>
and section <a
href="#x1-330003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 884--><p class="indent" > When all the settings are to your liking, you can type ‘I’ to start the installation process. When it is done,
skip to section <a
href="#x1-300003.4">3.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a> to read what else needs to be done, if anything.
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3 </span> <a
id="x1-280003.3"></a>Command-line install-tl options</h4>
<!--l. 892--><p class="noindent" >Type <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 893--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -help</span>
</div>
</div> for a listing of command-line options. Either <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--</span></span></span> can be used to introduce option names. These are the
most common ones:
<!--l. 899--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 900--><p class="noindent" >If possible, use the GUI installer. This requires the
Perl/Tk module (<a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk</span></a>) compiled with XFT support;
if Perl/Tk is not available, installation continues in text mode.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-no-gui</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 905--><p class="noindent" >Force using the text mode installer, even under Windows.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-lang </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">LL</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 908--><p class="noindent" >Specify the installer interface language as a standard (usually two-letter) code. The installer tries
to automatically determine the right language but if it fails, or if the right language is not available,
then it uses English as a fallback. Run <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> --help</span></span></span> to get the list of available languages.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 915--><p class="noindent" >Install for portable use on, e.g., a USB stick. Also selectable from within the text installer with
the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">V </span>command, and from the GUI installer. See section <a
href="#x1-420004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-profile </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">file</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 920--><p class="noindent" >Load the installation profile <span
class="ec-lmro-10">file </span>and do the installation with no user interaction. The installer
always writes a file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive.profile </span>to the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg </span>subdirectory of your installation. That file can
be given as the argument to redo the exact same installation on a different system, for example.
Alternatively, you can use a custom profile, most easily created by starting from a generated one
and changing values, or an empty file, which will take all the defaults.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">url-or-directory</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 929--><p class="noindent" >Specify package repository from which to install; see following.
<!--l. 932--><p class="noindent" ><a id="opt-in-place"></a>
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-in-place</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 933--><p class="noindent" >(Documented only for completeness: Do not use this unless you know what you
are doing.) If you already have an rsync, svn, or other copy of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live (see
<a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html</span></a>) then this option will use what you’ve got,
as-is, and do only the necessary post-install. Be warned that the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb </span>may
be overwritten; saving it is your responsibility. Also, package removal has to be done manually.
This option cannot be toggled via the installer interface.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 945--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3.1 </span> <a
id="x1-290003.3.1"></a>The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span>option</h5>
<!--l. 948--><p class="noindent" >The default network package repository is a CTAN mirror chosen automatically via <a
href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>.
<!--l. 951--><p class="indent" > If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp:</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http:</span>, or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">file:/</span>, or a
plain directory path. (When giving an <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http:</span> or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp:</span> location, trailing ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>’ characters and/or a trailing
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/tlpkg</span>’ component are ignored.)
<!--l. 957--><p class="indent" > For example, you could choose a particular CTAN mirror with something like:
<a
href="http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/</span></a>, substituting a real hostname and its
particular top-level CTAN path for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ctan.example.org/tex-archive</span></span></span>. The list of CTAN mirrors is
maintained at <a
href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>.
<!--l. 963--><p class="indent" > If the given argument is local (either a path or a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">file:/ </span>url), compressed files in an <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">archive </span>subdirectory
of the repository path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well).
<!--l. 968--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4 </span> <a
id="x1-300003.4"></a>Post-install actions</h4>
<!--l. 971--><p class="noindent" >Some post-install may be required.
<!--l. 974--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.1 </span> <a
id="x1-310003.4.1"></a>Environment variables for Unix</h5>
<!--l. 977--><p class="noindent" >If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in section <a
href="#x1-270003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), then there is no
need to edit environment variables. Otherwise, on Unix systems, the directory of the binaries
for your platform must be added to the search path. (On Windows, the installer takes care of
this.)
<!--l. 983--><p class="indent" > Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR/bin</span>. See figure <a
href="#x1-24047r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a> for the list of
subdirectories and corresponding platforms.
<!--l. 987--><p class="indent" > Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their respective search paths, if
you want the system tools to find them. The man pages might be found automatically after the addition to
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>.
<!--l. 992--><p class="indent" > For Bourne-compatible shells such as <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bash</span>, and using Intel x86 GNU/Linux and a default directory setup as
an example, the file to edit might be <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.profile </span>(or another file sourced by <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.profile</span>, and the lines to
add would look like this:
<!--l. 997--><p class="indent" >
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5"><a
id="x1-31002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2013/bin/i386-linux:$PATH;</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> export</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> PATH</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-31004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH;</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> export</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> MANPATH</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-31006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH;</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> export</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> INFOPATH</span></div>
<!--l. 1003--><p class="indent" > For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.cshrc</span>, and the lines to add might look
like:
<!--l. 1006--><p class="indent" >
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6"><a
id="x1-31008r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> setenv</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> PATH</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texlive/2013/bin/i386-linux:$PATH</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-31010r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> setenv</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> MANPATH</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-31012r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> setenv</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> INFOPATH</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH</span></div>
<!--l. 1012--><p class="indent" > If you already have settings somewhere in your “dot” files, naturally the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directories should
simply be merged in as appropriate.
<!--l. 1016--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.2 </span> <a
id="x1-320003.4.2"></a>Environment variables: Global configuration</h5>
<!--l. 1019--><p class="noindent" >If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to the system, then you are on
your own; there is just too much variation between systems in how and where these things are
configured.
<!--l. 1023--><p class="indent" > Our two hints are: 1) you may want to check for a file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/manpath.config </span>and, if present, add lines
such as
<!--l. 1026--><p class="indent" >
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7"><a
id="x1-32002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> MANPATH_MAP</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texlive/2013/bin/i386-linux</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> \</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-32004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/doc/man</span></div>
<!--l. 1031--><p class="indent" > And 2) check for a file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/environment </span>which may define the search path and other default environment
variables.
<!--l. 1034--><p class="indent" > In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">man </span>to the directory <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/man</span>.
Some <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">man </span>programs, such as the standard Mac OS X <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">man</span>, will automatically find that, obviating the need for
any man page setup.
<!--l. 1040--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.3 </span> <a
id="x1-330003.4.3"></a>Internet updates after DVD installation</h5>
<!--l. 1043--><p class="noindent" >If you installed <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live from DVD and then wish to get updates from the Internet, you need to run this
command—<span
class="ec-lmri-10">after </span>you’ve updated your search path (as described in the previous section):
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1047--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> option</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> repository</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 1051--><p class="indent" > This tells <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>to use a nearby CTAN mirror for future updates. This is done by default when installing
from DVD, via the option described in section <a
href="#x1-270003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>.
<!--l. 1055--><p class="indent" > If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can specify a particular CTAN mirror from
the list at <a
href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>. Use the exact path to the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlnet </span>subdir on that mirror, as shown
above.
<!--l. 1061--><p class="indent" > <a id="xetexfontconfig"></a> <a id="sysfontconfig"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.4 </span> <a
id="x1-340003.4.4"></a>System font configuration for Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></h5>
<!--l. 1066--><p class="noindent" >Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> can use any font installed on the system, not just those in the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> trees. They do
these via related but not identical methods.
<!--l. 1070--><p class="indent" > On Windows, fonts shipped with <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live are made available to Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> automatically. But if you have
installed the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>package on a Unix-compatible system, you need to configure your system to be
able to find the fonts shipped with <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live via system name lookup, and not just filename
lookup.
<!--l. 1076--><p class="indent" > To facilitate this, when the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xetex </span>package is installed (either at initial installation or later), the necessary
configuration file is created in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf</span>.
<!--l. 1081--><p class="indent" > To set up the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have suitable privileges), proceed as
follows:
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-34002x1">Copy the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf </span>file to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf</span>.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-34004x2">Run <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fsv</span>.</li></ol>
<!--l. 1089--><p class="indent" > If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above, or if you simply want to make the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live fonts available to one user, you can do the following:
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-34006x1">Copy the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf </span>file to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~/.fonts.conf</span>, where <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~ </span>is your home directory.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-34008x2">Run <span
class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fv</span>.</li></ol>
<!--l. 1098--><p class="indent" > You can run <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list </span>to see the names of the system fonts. The incantation <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list : family style</span>
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">file spacing </span>(all arguments are literal strings) shows generally interesting information.
<!--l. 1103--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.5 </span> <a
id="x1-350003.4.5"></a>Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t Mark IV</h5>
<!--l. 1106--><p class="noindent" >Both the ‘old’ Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark II) and the ‘new’ Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark IV) should run out of the box after <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live installation, and should need no special attention as long as you stick to using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span> for
updates.
<!--l. 1111--><p class="indent" > However, because Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV does not use the kpathsea library, some setup will be required whenever
you install new files manually (without using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span>). After each such installation, each MkIV user must
run:
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8"><a
id="x1-35002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> context</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> --generate</span></div>
<!--l. 1118--><p class="noindent" >to refresh the Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t disk cache data. The resulting files are stored under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span>. whose default value in
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR</span></span></span>.
<!--l. 1122--><p class="indent" > Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV will read from all paths mentioned in <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span></span></span>, and write to the first path that is
writable. While reading, the last found match will take precedence in the case of duplicated cache
data.
<!--l. 1127--><p class="indent" > For more information, see <a
href="http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV</span></a>.
<!--l. 1131--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.6 </span> <a
id="x1-360003.4.6"></a>Integrating local and personal macros</h5>
<!--l. 1134--><p class="noindent" >This is already mentioned implicitly in section <a
href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>: <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>(by default, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local</span>
or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local</span></span></span> on Windows) is intended for system-wide local fonts and macros;
and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>(by default, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/texmf </span>or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%\texmf</span></span></span>), is for personal fonts and macros. These
directories are intended to stick around from release to release, and have their content seen automatically by a
new <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live release. Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the definition of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>to
be too far away from the main <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directory, or you will need to manually change future
releases.
<!--l. 1147--><p class="indent" > For both trees, files should be placed in their proper <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Directory Structure (TDS) subdirectories; see
<a
href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a> or consult <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. For instance, a <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> class file or
package should be placed in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME/tex/latex</span>, or a subdirectory
thereof.
<!--l. 1153--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>requires an up-to-date filename database, or files will not be found. You can update it with the
command <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mktexlsr </span>or use the ‘Reinit file database’ button on the configuration tab of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live Manager
GUI.
<!--l. 1158--><p class="indent" > By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory, as shown. This is not a hard-and-fast
requirement. If you need to easily switch back and forth between different versions of large packages, for
example, you can maintain multiple trees for your own purposes. This is done by setting <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>to the list
of directories, within braces, separated by commas:
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9"><a
id="x1-36002r1"></a>    TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}</div>
</div>
<!--l. 1167--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 1169--><p class="indent" > Section <a
href="#x1-600007.1.5">7.1.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:brace-expansion --></a> describes brace expansion further.
<!--l. 1172--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.7 </span> <a
id="x1-370003.4.7"></a>Integrating third-party fonts</h5>
<!--l. 1174--><p class="noindent" >This is unfortunately a messy topic. Forget about it unless you want to delve into many details of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
installation. Many fonts are included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live already, so take a look if you don’t already know that what
you want isn’t there.
<!--l. 1179--><p class="indent" > A possible alternative is to use Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> or Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (see section <a
href="#x1-120002.4">2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tex-extensions --></a>), which let you use operating system
fonts without any installation in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.
<!--l. 1183--><p class="indent" > If you do need to do this, see <a
href="http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html</span></a> for our best effort at describing
the procedure. If you rigorously maintain your local font maps, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr generate updmap </span><span
class="ec-lmri-10">may </span>be useful,
notably in moving from release to release; see the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>documentation.
<!--l. 1190--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5 </span> <a
id="x1-380003.5"></a>Testing the installation</h4>
<!--l. 1193--><p class="noindent" >After installing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live as best you can, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating beautiful
documents and/or fonts.
<!--l. 1196--><p class="indent" > This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give Unix
commands here; under Mac OS X and Windows, you’re more likely to run the tests through a graphical
interface, but the principles are the same.
<!--l. 1201--><p class="indent" >
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-38002x1">Make sure that you can run the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>program in the first place: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1205--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">tex</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> --version</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 3.1415926</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> (TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Live</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...)</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpathsea</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> version</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 6.0.1</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Copyright</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> D.E.</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Knuth.</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
</div>
</div> If this comes back with ‘command not found’ instead of version and copyright information, or with an
older version, most likely you don’t have the correct <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bin </span>subdirectory in your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>. See the
environment-setting information on p. <a
href="#x1-310003.4.1">36<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-38004x2">Process a basic <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> file: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1218--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">latex</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.tex</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfTeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 3.1415926-...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> (TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Live</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...)</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> written</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> on</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> sample2e.dvi</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> (3</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> pages,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 7484</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> bytes).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> written</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> on</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> sample2e.log.</span>
</div>
</div> If this fails to find <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex </span>or other files, most likely you have interference from old environment
variables or configuration files; we recommend unsetting all <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related environment variables for a
start. (For a deep analysis, you can ask <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> to report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding;
see “Debugging actions” on page <a
href="#x1-670007.2.4">65<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>.)
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-38006x3">Preview the result online: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1233--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">xdvi</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.dvi</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> #</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Unix</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">dviout</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.dvi</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> #</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Windows</span>
</div>
</div> You should see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the basics of <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>. (Well
worth reading, by the way, if you’re new to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.) You do have to be running under X for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>to work; if
you’re not, or your <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">DISPLAY </span>environment variable is set incorrectly, you’ll get an error ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Can’t open</span>
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">display</span>’.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-38008x4">Create a PostScript file for printing or display: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1244--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.dvi</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -o</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.ps</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-38010x5">Create a PDF file instead of DVI; this processes the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.tex </span>file and writes PDF directly:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1250--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">pdflatex</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.tex</span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-38012x6">Preview the PDF file: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1255--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">gv</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.pdf</span>
<br />or:
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">xpdf</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> sample2e.pdf</span>
</div>
</div> Neither <span
class="ec-lmss-10">gv </span>nor <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>are included in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, so you must install them separately. See
<a
href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</span></a> and <a
href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf</span></a>, respectively. There
are plenty of other PDF viewers, too. For Windows, we recommend trying Sumatra PDF
(<a
href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>).
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-38014x7">Standard test files you may find useful in addition to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span>:
<!--l. 1269--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">small2e.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1270--><p class="noindent" >A simpler document than <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e</span>, to reduce the input size if you’re having troubles.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">testpage.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1272--><p class="noindent" >Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">nfssfont.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1273--><p class="noindent" >For printing font tables and tests.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">testfont.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1274--><p class="noindent" >Also for font tables, but using plain <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">story.tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1275--><p class="noindent" >The most canonical (plain) <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> test file of all. You must type ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\bye</span>’ to the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">* </span>prompt after
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex story.tex</span>’.</dd></dl>
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-38016x8">If you have installed the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>package, you can test its access to system fonts as follows:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1282--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">xetex</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> opentype-info.tex</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> is</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> XeTeX,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Version</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 3.1415926</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">…</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> written</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> on</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> opentype-info.pdf</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> (1</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> page).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> written</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> on</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> opentype-info.log.</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 1290--><p class="noindent" >If you get an error message saying “Invalid fontname ‘Latin Modern Roman/ICU’…”, then you
need to configure your system so that the fonts shipped with <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live can be found. See
Section <a
href="#x1-340003.4.4">3.4.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:font-conf-sys --></a>.
</li></ol>
<!--l. 1297--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.6 </span> <a
id="x1-390003.6"></a>Links for additional downloadable software</h4>
<!--l. 1299--><p class="noindent" >If you are new to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, or otherwise need help with actually writing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> or <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> documents, please visit
<a
href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a> for some introductory resources.
<!--l. 1303--><p class="indent" > Links for some other tools you may consider installing:
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd
class="description"><a
href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</span></a>
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl</span> </dt><dd
class="description"><a
href="http://www.perl.org/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.perl.org/</span></a> with supplementary packages from CPAN, <a
href="http://www.cpan.org/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cpan.org/</span></a>
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">ImageMagick</span> </dt><dd
class="description"><a
href="http://www.imagemagick.com" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.imagemagick.com</span></a>, for graphics processing and conversion
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">NetPBM</span> </dt><dd
class="description"><a
href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/</span></a>, also for graphics.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">-oriented editors</span> </dt><dd
class="description">There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the user’s taste. Here is a selection in
alphabetical order (a few here are for Windows only).
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">GNU Emacs </span>is available natively under Windows, see
<a
href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Emacs with Auc</span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmss-10">X</span></span> for Windows is available from CTAN. The AuC<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> home page is
<a
href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">LEd </span>is available from <a
href="http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">SciTE </span>is available from <a
href="http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker </span>is free software, available from <a
href="http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">TexMakerX </span>is a fork of <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker </span>with additional features;
<a
href="http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">TeXnicCenter </span>is free software, available from <a
href="http://www.texniccenter.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.texniccenter.org</span></a> and in the
pro<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t distribution.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks </span>is free software, available from <a
href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a> and installed for
Windows and Mac OS X as part of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">Vim </span>is free software, available from <a
href="http://www.vim.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.vim.org</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">WinEdt </span>is shareware available though <a
href="http://tug.org/winedt" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/winedt</span></a> or <a
href="http://www.winedt.com" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winedt.com</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">WinShell </span>is available from <a
href="http://www.winshell.de" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winshell.de</span></a>.</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1340--><p class="noindent" >For a much longer list of packages and programs, see <a
href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a>.
<!--l. 1344--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4 </span> <a
id="x1-400004"></a>Specialized installations</h3>
<!--l. 1346--><p class="noindent" >The previous sections described the basic installation process. Here we turn to some specialized
cases.
<!--l. 1349--><p class="indent" > <a id="tlsharedinstall"></a>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1 </span> <a
id="x1-410004.1"></a>Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations</h4>
<!--l. 1353--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live has been designed to be sharable between different users on one system, and/or between
different systems on a network. With a standard directory layout, no hard paths are configured: the
locations for files needed by <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live programs are found relative to the programs. You can see
this in the principal configuration file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFDIST/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>, which contains lines such
as
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10"><a
id="x1-41002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> TEXMFROOT</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> $SELFAUTOPARENT</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-41004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-41006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> TEXMFDIST</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> $TEXMFROOT/texmf-dist</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-41008r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-41010r5"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> TEXMFLOCAL</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local</span></div>
<!--l. 1366--><p class="noindent" >This means that adding the directory for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live executables for their platform to their search path is sufficient
to get a working setup.
<!--l. 1369--><p class="indent" > By the same token, you can also install <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live locally and then move the entire hierarchy afterwards to
a network location.
<!--l. 1372--><p class="indent" > For Windows, a sample network installation script named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client </span>can be downloaded through
<a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>. It creates settings and menu shortcuts for using an existing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live installation on a LAN. It also registers an uninstaller <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">w32unclient</span>, available in the same zip file. See the
web page for more information.
<!--l. 1380--><p class="indent" > <a id="tlportable"></a>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2 </span> <a
id="x1-420004.2"></a>Portable (USB) installations</h4>
<!--l. 1384--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable </span>installer option (or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">V </span>command in the text installer or corresponding GUI option)
creates a completely self-contained <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation under a common root and forgoes system
integration. You can create such an installation directly on a USB stick, or copy it to a USB stick
afterwards.
<!--l. 1390--><p class="indent" > To run <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> using this portable installation, you need to add the appropriate binary directory
to the search path during your terminal session, as usual. On Windows, you can double-click
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tl-tray-menu </span>at the root of the installation to choose between a few common tasks, as shown in this
screenshot:
<!--l. 1397--><p class="indent" > <img
src="../texlive-common/tray-menu.png" alt="pict"
>
<!--l. 1400--><p class="noindent" >The ‘More…’ entry explains how you can customize this menu.
<!--l. 1403--><p class="indent" > <a id="tlisoinstall"></a>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3 </span> <a
id="x1-430004.3"></a>ISO (or DVD) installations</h4>
<!--l. 1407--><p class="noindent" >If you don’t need to update or otherwise modify your installation often, and/or have several systems on
which to use <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, it may be convenient to create an ISO of your <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation,
because:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Copying an ISO between different computers is much faster than copying a normal installation.
</li>
<li class="itemize">If you are dual-booting between different operating systems and want them to share a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
installation, an ISO installation is not tied to the idiosyncrasies and limitations of other mutually
supported filesystems (FAT32, NTFS, HFS+).
</li>
<li class="itemize">Virtual machines can simply mount such an ISO.</li></ul>
<!--l. 1422--><p class="indent" > Of course you can also burn an ISO to DVD, if that is useful for you.
<!--l. 1424--><p class="indent" > Desktop GNU/Linux/Unix systems, including Mac OS X, are able to mount an ISO. Apart from that,
nothing changes compared to a normal hard disk installation, see section <a
href="#x1-310003.4.1">3.4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
<!--l. 1428--><p class="indent" > When preparing such an ISO installation, it is best to omit the subdirectory for the release year, and have
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local </span>at the same level as the other trees (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>, etc.). You can do this with the normal
directory options in the installer.
<!--l. 1434--><p class="indent" > For a physical (rather than virtual) Windows system, you can burn the ISO to DVD. However, it may be
worth your while to investigate free ISO-mounting options. For Windows XP, Microsoft offers
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel</span>.
<!--l. 1439--><p class="indent" > For Windows system integration, you can include the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client </span>scripts described in section <a
href="#x1-410004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:sharedinstall --></a> and at
<a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>, which work just as well for an ISO as for a network
installation.
<!--l. 1444--><p class="indent" > On Mac OS X, TeXShop and <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>works will be able to use the DVD installation if a symlink <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/texbin</span>
points to the appropriate binary directory, e.g.,
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11"><a
id="x1-43002r1"></a>  sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin</div>
</div>
<!--l. 1449--><p class="nopar" >
<!--l. 1451--><p class="indent" > Historical note: <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2010 was the first <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live edition which was no longer distributed ‘live’.
However, it always required some acrobatics to run from DVD or ISO; in particular, there was no way around
setting at least one extra environment variable. If you create your ISO from an existing installation then there
is no need for this.
<!--l. 1458--><p class="indent" > <a id="tlmgr"></a>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5 </span> <a
id="x1-440005"></a><span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>: Managing your installation</h3>
<!--l. 1462--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
>
<a
id="x1-44001r8"></a>
<!--l. 1463--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png" alt="pict"
>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 8: </span><span
class="content"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>in GUI mode: main window, after ‘Load’.</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-44001r8 -->
<!--l. 1466--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
<!--l. 1468--><p class="indent" > <hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
>
<a
id="x1-44002r9"></a><a
id="x1-44003r10"></a>
<!--l. 1472--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png" alt="pict"
>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 9: </span><span
class="content"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>in GUI mode: General options</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-44002r9 -->
<!--l. 1479--><p class="noindent" ><img
src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png" alt="pict"
>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 10: </span><span
class="content"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>in GUI mode: Paper
size options</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-44003r10 -->
<!--l. 1484--><p class="indent" > </div><hr class="endfigure">
<!--l. 1486--><p class="indent" > <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live includes a program named <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>for managing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live after the initial installation. The
programs <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>are still included and will be retained in the future, but <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>is now
the preferred interface. Its capabilities include:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">installing, updating, backing up, restoring, and uninstalling individual packages, optionally taking
dependencies into account;
</li>
<li class="itemize">searching for and listing packages, etc.;
</li>
<li class="itemize">listing, adding, and removing platforms;
</li>
<li class="itemize">changing installation options such as paper size and source location (see section <a
href="#x1-290003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>).</li></ul>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.1 </span> <a
id="x1-450005.1"></a><span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>GUI mode</h4>
<!--l. 1502--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>can be started in GUI mode (figure <a
href="#x1-44001r8">8<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-gui --></a>) with <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1503--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -gui</span>
</div>
</div> or in Windows via the Start menu: <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Start</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Programs</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live ...</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live Manager</span>. After clicking ‘Load’
it displays a list of available and installed packages. This assumes of course that the installation source is valid
and reachable.
<!--l. 1511--><p class="indent" > Figures <a
href="#x1-44002r9">9<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-general-options --></a> and <a
href="#x1-44003r10">10<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-paper-options --></a> show the general and paper size option screens.
<!--l. 1514--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.2 </span> <a
id="x1-460005.2"></a>Sample <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>command-line invocations</h4>
<!--l. 1516--><p class="noindent" >After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1518--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> update</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -all</span>
</div>
</div> If this makes you nervous, first try <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1522--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> update</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -all</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -dry-run</span>
</div>
</div> or (less verbose): <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1526--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> update</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -list</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 1530--><p class="indent" > This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, from a local directory:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1533--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -repository</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> /local/mirror/tlnet</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> install</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> collection-xetex</span>
</div>
</div> It generates the following output (abridged):
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12"><a
id="x1-46002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> install:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> collection-xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> install:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> arabxetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46008r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> install:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46010r5"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> install:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> xetexconfig</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46012r6"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> install:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> xetex.i386-linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46014r7"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> running</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> post</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> install</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> action</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> for</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46016r8"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> install:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> xetex-def</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46018r9"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46020r10"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> running</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> mktexlsr</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46022r11"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> mktexlsr:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Updating</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/ls-R...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46024r12"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46026r13"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> running</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> fmtutil-sys</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> --missing</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46028r14"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> ...</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46030r15"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Transcript</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> written</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> on</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> xelatex.log.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46032r16"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> fmtutil:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> installed.</span></div>
<!--l. 1556--><p class="indent" > As you can see, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>installs dependencies, and takes care of any necessary post-install actions, including
updating the filename database and (re)generating formats. In the above, we generated new formats for
Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.
<!--l. 1561--><p class="indent" > To describe a package (or collection or scheme): <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1562--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> show</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> collection-latexextra</span>
</div>
</div> which produces
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13"><a
id="x1-46034r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> package:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> collection-latexextra</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46036r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> category:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Collection</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46038r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> shortdesc:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> LaTeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> supplementary</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> packages</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46040r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> longdesc:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> A</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> large</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> collection</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> of</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> add-on</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> packages</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> for</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> LaTeX.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46042r5"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> installed:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> Yes</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-46044r6"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> revision:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8"> 14675</span></div>
<!--l. 1575--><p class="indent" > Last and most important, for full documentation see <a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html</span></a>, or:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1577--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -help</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 1582--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6 </span> <a
id="x1-470006"></a>Notes on Windows</h3>
<!--l. 1585--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.1 </span> <a
id="x1-480006.1"></a>Windows-specific features</h4>
<!--l. 1588--><p class="noindent" >Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Menus and shortcuts.</span> </dt><dd
class="description">A new ‘<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live’ submenu of the Start menu is installed, which contains
entries for some GUI programs (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texdoctk</span>, the PS_View (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">psv</span>) PostScript previewer) and
some documentation.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">File associations.</span> </dt><dd
class="description">If enabled, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">Dviout </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">PS_view </span>become either the default program for
their respective filetypes, or get an entry in the ‘Open with’ right-click menus of those filetypes.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Bitmap to eps converter.</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Various bitmapped formats get an entry <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bitmap2eps </span>in their ‘Open with’
right-click menu. Bitmap2eps is a simple script which lets <span
class="ec-lmss-10">sam2p </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">bmeps </span>do the real work.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Automatic path adjustment.</span> </dt><dd
class="description">No manual configuration steps are required.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Uninstaller.</span> </dt><dd
class="description">The installer creates an entry under ‘Add/Remove Programs’ for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. The uninstall
tab of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live Manager GUI refers to this.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1608--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.2 </span> <a
id="x1-490006.2"></a>Additional software included on Windows</h4>
<!--l. 1610--><p class="noindent" >To be complete, a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows
machine. <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live provides the missing pieces:
<dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl and Ghostscript.</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Because of the importance of Perl and Ghostscript, <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live includes
‘hidden’ copies of these programs. <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live programs that need them know where to find them,
but they don’t betray their presence through environment variables or registry settings. They
aren’t full-scale installations, and shouldn’t interfere with any system installations of Perl or
Ghostscript.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">PS_View.</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Also installed is PS_View, a PostScript and PDF viewer; see figure <a
href="#x1-49001r11">11<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:psview --></a>.
<!--l. 1625--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure"
><a
id="x1-49001r11"></a> <img
src="../texlive-common/psview.png" alt="pict"
>
<br /> <div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 11: </span><span
class="content">PS_View: very high magnifications available!</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-49001r11 -->
<!--l. 1628--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">dviout.</span> </dt><dd
class="description">Also installed is <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>, a DVI viewer. At first, when you preview files with <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>, it will create fonts,
because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most of the fonts you use,
and you will rarely see the font-creation window. More information can be found in the (highly
recommended) on-line help.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">works.</span> </dt><dd
class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>works is a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-oriented editor with an integrated PDF viewer.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">Command-line tools.</span> </dt><dd
class="description">A number of Windows ports of common Unix command-line programs
are installed along with the usual <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live binaries. These include <span
class="ec-lmss-10">gzip</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">unzip </span>and the
utilities from the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>suite (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfinfo</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdffonts</span>, …). The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>viewer itself is not available for
Windows. Instead, you can download the Sumatra PDF viewer, which is based on <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf</span>, from
<a
href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>, among other options.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10">fc-list, fc-cache, </span><span
class="ec-lmbx-10">…</span> </dt><dd
class="description">The tools from the fontconfig library allow Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> to handle system fonts on Windows.
You can use <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fc-list </span>to determine the font names to pass to Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s extended <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\font </span>command. If
necessary, run <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fc-cache </span>first to update font information.
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1658--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.3 </span> <a
id="x1-500006.3"></a>User Profile is Home</h4>
<!--l. 1661--><p class="noindent" >The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> directory. Under Windows XP, this
is usually <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Documents</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> and</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Settings\<username></span></span></span>, and under Windows Vista and Windows 7 it is
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Users\<username></span></span></span>. In the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>file, and Kpathsea in general, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> will expand appropriately on both
Windows and Unix.
<!--l. 1669--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.4 </span> <a
id="x1-510006.4"></a>The Windows registry</h4>
<!--l. 1672--><p class="noindent" >Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically
organized keys, with several root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are
<span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span></span> and <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span></span>, <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span> and <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span> in short. The <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span> part of the registry is in
the user’s home directory (see section <a
href="#x1-500006.3">6.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:winhome --></a>). <span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span> is normally in a subdirectory of the Windows
directory.
<!--l. 1680--><p class="indent" > In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information,
for example the location of shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry. Setting environment variables
permanently also requires registry access.
<!--l. 1686--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.5 </span> <a
id="x1-520006.5"></a>Windows permissions</h4>
<!--l. 1689--><p class="noindent" >In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the
latter have free access to the entire operating system. In practice, though, you could better describe these
classes of users as unprivileged users and normal users: being an administrator is the rule, not the
exception. Nevertheless, we have made an effort to make <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installable without administrative
privileges.
<!--l. 1696--><p class="indent" > If the user is an administrator, there is an option to install for all users. If this option is chosen, shortcuts
are created for all users, and the system environment is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu entries are
created for the current user, and the user environment is modified.
<!--l. 1702--><p class="indent" > Regardless of administrator status, the default root of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live proposed by the installer is always
under <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%</span></span></span>. The installer always tests whether the root is writable for the current
user.
<!--l. 1706--><p class="indent" > A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> already exists in the search path. Since
the effective path consists of the system path followed by the user path, the new <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live would
never get precedence. As a safeguard, the installer creates a shortcut to the command-prompt in
which the new <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live binary directory is prepended to the local search path. The new <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live will be always usable from within such a command-prompt. The shortcut for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>works, if
installed, also prepends <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live to the search path, so it should also be immune to this path
problem.
<!--l. 1716--><p class="indent" > For Vista and Windows 7 there is another twist: even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to
explicitly ask for administrator privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as administrator.
Instead, right-clicking on the program or shortcut that you want to run usually gives you a choice ‘Run as
administrator’.
<!--l. 1723--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.6 </span> <a
id="x1-530006.6"></a>Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin</h4>
<!--l. 1726--><p class="noindent" >Windows and Cygwin (see section <a
href="#x1-190003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> for Cygwin installation specifics) users may find that they run out of
memory when running some of the programs shipped with <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. For example, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">asy </span>might run out of
memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> might run out of memory if you try to
process a document with a lot of big fonts.
<!--l. 1733--><p class="indent" > For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin
User’s Guide (<a
href="http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html</span></a>).
<!--l. 1737--><p class="indent" > For Windows, you have to create a file, say <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">moremem.reg</span>, with these four lines:
<!--l. 1740--><p class="indent" >
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb14"><a
id="x1-53002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> Windows</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> Registry</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> Editor</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> Version</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> 5.00</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-53004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-53006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-53008r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> "heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00</span></div>
<!--l. 1747--><p class="noindent" >and then execute the command <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">regedit /s moremem.reg </span>as administrator. (If you want to change memory
only for the current user instead of system-wide, use <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span>.)
<!--l. 1752--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7 </span> <a
id="x1-540007"></a>A user’s guide to Web2C</h3>
<!--l. 1754--><p class="noindent" >Web2C is an integrated collection of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related programs: <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc.
It is the heart of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. The home page for Web2C, with the current manual and more, is
<a
href="http://tug.org/web2c" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/web2c</span></a>.
<!--l. 1759--><p class="indent" > A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-to-C system based on change files under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard
Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this period
the name changed to Web-to-C. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of
additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in
2006.
<!--l. 1768--><p class="indent" > The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems. It uses
Knuth’s original sources for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and other basic programs written in the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>literate programming
system and translates them into C source code. The core <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> programs handled in this way
are:
<!--l. 1774--><p class="indent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1775--><p class="noindent" >Maintaining bibliographies.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvicopy</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1776--><p class="noindent" >Expands virtual font references in DVI files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvitomp</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1777--><p class="noindent" >DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvitype</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1778--><p class="noindent" >DVI to human-readable text.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">gftodvi</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1779--><p class="noindent" >Generic font proofsheets.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">gftopk</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1780--><p class="noindent" >Generic to packed fonts.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">gftype</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1781--><p class="noindent" >GF to human-readable text.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1782--><p class="noindent" >Creating typeface families.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mft</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1783--><p class="noindent" >Prettyprinting Metafont source.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1784--><p class="noindent" >Creating technical diagrams.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">patgen</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1785--><p class="noindent" >Creating hyphenation patterns.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pktogf</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1786--><p class="noindent" >Packed to generic fonts.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pktype</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1787--><p class="noindent" >PK to human-readable text.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pltotf</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1788--><p class="noindent" >Plain text property list to TFM.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pooltype</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1789--><p class="noindent" >Display <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>pool files.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tangle</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1790--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>to Pascal.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1791--><p class="noindent" >Typesetting.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">tftopl</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1792--><p class="noindent" >TFM to plain text property list.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">vftovp</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1793--><p class="noindent" >Virtual font to virtual property list.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">vptovf</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1794--><p class="noindent" >Virtual property list to virtual font.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">weave</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1795--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1798--><p class="noindent" >The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual
packages and of Web2C itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs will
help you take advantage of your Web2C installation.
<!--l. 1803--><p class="indent" > All programs honor these standard GNU options:
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--help</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1805--><p class="noindent" >print basic usage summary.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--verbose</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1806--><p class="noindent" >print detailed progress report.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--version</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 1807--><p class="noindent" >print version information, then exit.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 1810--><p class="indent" > For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea (<a
href="http://tug.org/kpathsea" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/kpathsea</span></a>).
This library uses a combination of environment variables and a configuration files to optimize searching the
(huge) collection of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> files. Web2C can look at many directory trees simultaneously, which is useful in
maintaining <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s standard distribution and local and personal extensions in distinct trees. To speed up file
searches, the root of each tree has a file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for
all files under that root.
<!--l. 1821--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1 </span> <a
id="x1-550007.1"></a>Kpathsea path searching</h4>
<!--l. 1824--><p class="noindent" >Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library.
<!--l. 1827--><p class="indent" > We call a <span
class="ec-lmri-10">search path </span>a colon- or semicolon-separated list of <span
class="ec-lmri-10">path elements</span>, which are basically directory
names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">my-file</span>’ along a
path ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.:/dir</span>’, Kpathsea checks each element of the path in turn: first <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file</span>, then <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/dir/my-file</span>,
returning the first match (or possibly all matches).
<!--l. 1835--><p class="indent" > In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use
filename separators different from colon (‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’) and slash (‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>’).
<!--l. 1839--><p class="indent" > To check a particular path element <span
class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>, Kpathsea first checks if a prebuilt database (see “Filename database”
on page <a
href="#x1-630007.2">62<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:filename-database --></a>) applies to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of <span
class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>. If so, the path specification
is matched against the contents of the database.
<!--l. 1845--><p class="indent" > If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path element, or contains no matches, the
filesystem is searched (if this was not forbidden by a specification starting with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>’ and if the file being
searched for must exist). Kpathsea constructs the list of directories that correspond to this path element, and
then checks in each for the file being sought.
<!--l. 1852--><p class="indent" > The “file must exist” condition comes into play with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>’ files and input files read by <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\openin</span>
command. Such files may not exist (e.g., <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.vf</span>), and so it would be wrong to search the disk for them.
Therefore, if you fail to update <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>when you install a new ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>’ file, it will never be found. Each path
element is checked in turn: first the database, then the disk. If a match is found, the search stops and the result
is returned.
<!--l. 1861--><p class="indent" > Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional
features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users’ home
directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that Kpathsea <span
class="ec-lmri-10">expands </span>a path element, meaning
it transforms all the specifications into basic directory name or names. This is described in the following
sections in the same order as it takes place.
<!--l. 1870--><p class="indent" > Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>’ or ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">./</span>’ or
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">../</span>’, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists.
<!--l. 1884--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.1 </span> <a
id="x1-560007.1.1"></a>Path sources</h5>
<!--l. 1887--><p class="noindent" >A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them:
<!--l. 1890--><p class="indent" >
<ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-56002x1">A user-set environment variable, for instance, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>. Environment variables with a period
and a program name appended override; e.g., if ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">latex</span>’ is the name of the program being run,
then <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS.latex </span>will override <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-56004x2">A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">S /a:/b</span>’ in <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>’s <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>.
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-56006x3">A Kpathsea configuration file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, containing a line like ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span>’ (see below).
</li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-56008x4">The compile-time default.</li></ol>
<!--l. 1903--><p class="noindent" >You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions”
on page <a
href="#x1-670007.2.4">65<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>).
<!--l. 1907--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.2 </span> <a
id="x1-570007.1.2"></a>Config files</h5>
<!--l. 1909--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea reads <span
class="ec-lmri-10">runtime configuration files </span>named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>for search path and other definitions. The search
path used to look for these files is named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCNF</span>, but we do not recommend setting this (or any)
environment variable.
<!--l. 1914--><p class="indent" > Instead, normal installation results in a file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2013/texmf.cnf</span>. If you must make changes to the
defaults (not normally necessary), this is the place to put them. The main configuration file is in
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2013/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. You should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost
when the distributed version is updated.
<!--l. 1921--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmri-10">All </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>files in the search path will be read and definitions in earlier files override those in later
files. For example, with a search path of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.:$TEXMF</span></span></span>, values from <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">./texmf.cnf </span>override those from
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></span></span>.
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Comments start with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>and continue to the end of the line.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Blank lines are ignored.
</li>
<li class="itemize">A <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\ </span>at the end of a line acts as a continuation character, i.e., the next line is appended. Whitespace
at the beginning of continuation lines is not ignored.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Each remaining line has the form: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1937--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">variable</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">[.</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> [=]</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">value</span>
</div>
</div>where the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>’ and surrounding whitespace are optional.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The <span
class="ec-lmro-10">variable </span>name may contain any character other than whitespace, ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>’, or ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span>’, but sticking to ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">A-Za-z_</span>’
is safest.
</li>
<li class="itemize">If ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span>’ is present, the definition only applies if the program that is running is named <span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span>
or <span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.exe</span>. This allows different flavors of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> to have different search paths, for
example.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmro-10">value </span>may contain any characters except <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>and ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">@</span>’. The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">var</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">prog </span>feature is not available on the
right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable. A ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span>’ in <span
class="ec-lmro-10">value </span>is translated to ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’ if
running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>for Unix, MS-DOS and Windows
systems.
</li>
<li class="itemize">All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so variables can be referenced before they are
defined.</li></ul>
<!--l. 1962--><p class="noindent" >A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below:
<!--l. 1966--><p class="indent" >
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb15">
<a
id="x1-57002r1"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXMF</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> {$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-57004r2"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXINPUTS.latex</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> .;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-57006r3"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXINPUTS.fontinst</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> .;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-57008r4"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> %</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> e-TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> related</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> files</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-57010r5"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXINPUTS.elatex</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//</span>
<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-57012r6"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> TEXINPUTS.etex</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> =</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87"> .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//</span>
</div>
<!--l. 1971--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.3 </span> <a
id="x1-580007.1.3"></a>Path expansion</h5>
<!--l. 1975--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in
Unix shells. As a general example, the complex path, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></span></span>, expands to all subdirectories
under directories <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">foo </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bar </span>in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$USER</span>’s home directory that contain a directory or file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">baz</span>. These expansions
are explained in the sections below.
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.4 </span> <a
id="x1-590007.1.4"></a>Default expansion</h5>
<!--l. 1986--><p class="noindent" >If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page <a
href="#x1-560007.1.1">57<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:path-sources --></a>) contains an <span
class="ec-lmri-10">extra colon </span>(i.e., leading,
trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined. If
that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest. For example, given an
environment variable setting
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1993--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">setenv</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> TEXINPUTS</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> /home/karl:</span>
</div>
</div> and a <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS </span>value from <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>of
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 1998--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> .:$TEXMF//tex</span>
</div>
</div> then the final value used for searching will be:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2003--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2007--><p class="indent" > Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one
extra ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’ and leaves any others in place. It checks first for a leading ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’, then a trailing ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’, then a doubled
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>’.
<!--l. 2012--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.5 </span> <a
id="x1-600007.1.5"></a>Brace expansion</h5>
<!--l. 2015--><p class="noindent" >A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">v{a,b}w</span></span></span> expands to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">vaw:vbw</span></span></span>.
Nesting is allowed. This is used to implement multiple <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> hierarchies, by assigning a brace
list to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF</span>. For example, in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, a definition like this (simplified for this example) is
made:
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb16"><a
id="x1-60002r1"></a>    TEXMF = {$TEXMFVAR,$TEXMFHOME,!!$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFDIST}</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2023--><p class="nopar" >We can then use this to define, for example, the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> input path:
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb17"><a
id="x1-60004r1"></a>    TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2027--><p class="nopar" >which means that, after looking in the current directory, the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFVAR/tex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFHOME/tex</span>,
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFLOCAL/tex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFDIST/tex </span>trees <span
class="ec-lmri-10">only</span>) will be searched (the last two using <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>data base
files). It is a convenient way for running two parallel <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> structures, one “frozen” (on a CD, for
instance) and the other being continuously updated with new versions as they become available.
By using the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the up-to-date tree
first.
<!--l. 2039--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.6 </span> <a
id="x1-610007.1.6"></a>Subdirectory expansion</h5>
<!--l. 2042--><p class="noindent" >Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory <span
class="ec-lmro-10">d </span>is replaced by all subdirectories of <span
class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>:
first those subdirectories directly under <span
class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the
order in which the directories are searched is <span
class="ec-lmri-10">unspecified</span>.
<!--l. 2048--><p class="indent" > If you specify any filename components after the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>’, only subdirectories with matching components are
included. For example, ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a//b</span>’ expands into directories <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/b</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/2/b</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/1/b</span>, and so on, but not <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/b/c</span>
or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1</span>.
<!--l. 2053--><p class="indent" > Multiple ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>’ constructs in a path are possible, but ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>’ at the beginning of a path is ignored.
<!--l. 2056--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.7 </span> <a
id="x1-620007.1.7"></a>List of special characters and their meaning: a summary</h5>
<!--l. 2058--><p class="noindent" >The following list summarizes the special characters in Kpathsea configuration files.
<!--l. 2063--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2064--><p class="noindent" >Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path it substitutes the default
path expansion.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2066--><p class="noindent" >Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2067--><p class="noindent" >Variable expansion.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2068--><p class="noindent" >Represents the user’s home directory.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">{...}</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2069--><p class="noindent" >Brace expansion.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2070--><p class="noindent" >Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2072--><p class="noindent" >Start of comment.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2073--><p class="noindent" >Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2074--><p class="noindent" >Search <span
class="ec-lmri-10">only </span>database to locate file, <span
class="ec-lmri-10">do not </span>search the disk.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 2079--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2 </span> <a
id="x1-630007.2"></a>Filename databases</h4>
<!--l. 2082--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, at installations with
enough directories, searching each possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time (this is
especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to be traversed.) Therefore, Kpathsea can use an
externally-built plain text “database” file named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to
exhaustively search the disk.
<!--l. 2090--><p class="indent" > A second database file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases </span>allows you to give additional names to the files listed in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. This can be
helpful to confirm to DOS 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
<!--l. 2094--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.1 </span> <a
id="x1-640007.2.1"></a>The filename database</h5>
<!--l. 2097--><p class="noindent" >As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. You can put one at the root of
each <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>by default). Kpathsea looks for
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>files along the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDBS </span>path.
<!--l. 2103--><p class="indent" > The recommended way to create and maintain ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>’ is to run the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mktexlsr </span>script included with the
distribution. It is invoked by the various ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex</span>’… scripts. In principle, this script just runs the command
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2107--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cd</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">/your/texmf/root</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> &&</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> -1LAR</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ./</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> >ls-R</span>
</div>
</div> presuming your system’s <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>produces the right output format (GNU <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>is all right). To ensure
that the database is always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cron</span>, so that it is
automatically updated when the installed files change, such as after installing or updating a <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>
package.
<!--l. 2116--><p class="indent" > If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular
path element begins with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>’, however, <span
class="ec-lmri-10">only </span>the database will be searched for that element, never the
disk.
<!--l. 2122--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.2 </span> <a
id="x1-650007.2.2"></a>kpsewhich: Standalone path searching</h5>
<!--l. 2125--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich </span>program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be useful
as a sort of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">find </span>program to locate files in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed
‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex</span>’… scripts).
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2130--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">option</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">…</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">filename</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">…</span>
</div>
</div> The options specified in <span
class="ec-lmro-10">option </span>start with either ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-</span>’ or ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--</span>’, and any unambiguous abbreviation is
accepted.
<!--l. 2136--><p class="indent" > Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file
found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">find</span>’ utility for
that).
<!--l. 2141--><p class="indent" > The most common options are described next.
<!--l. 2143--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--dpi=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2144--><p class="noindent" > Set the resolution to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>; this only affects ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>’ and ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>’ lookups. ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-D</span>’ is a synonym, for
compatibility with <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>. Default is 600.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2149--><p class="noindent" ><br
class="newline" />Set the format for lookup to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For
formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as MetaPost support files and
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>configuration files, you have to specify the name as known to Kpathsea, such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">enc</span>
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">files</span>. Run <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help </span>for a list.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">string</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2157--><p class="noindent" ><br
class="newline" />Set the mode name to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">string</span>; this only affects ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>’ and ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>’ lookups. No default: any mode will
be found.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--must-exist</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2160--><p class="noindent" ><br
class="newline" />Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>database is checked, in the interest of efficiency.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">string</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2164--><p class="noindent" ><br
class="newline" />Search along the path <span
class="ec-lmro-10">string </span>(colon-separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path from
the filename. ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>’ and all the usual expansions are supported. The options ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--path</span>’ and ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>’
are mutually exclusive.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2169--><p class="noindent" ><br
class="newline" />Set the program name to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. This can affect the search paths via the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">progname </span>feature. The
default is <span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2174--><p class="noindent" ><br
class="newline" />shows the path used for file lookups of file type <span
class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. Either a filename extension (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>, etc.)
or a name can be used, just as with ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>’ option.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=</span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2178--><p class="noindent" ><br
class="newline" />sets the debugging options to <span
class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 2183--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.3 </span> <a
id="x1-660007.2.3"></a>Examples of use</h5>
<!--l. 2186--><p class="noindent" >Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2188--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> article.cls</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls</span>
</div>
</div> We are looking for the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">article.cls</span>. Since the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.cls</span>’ suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that
we want to look for a file of type <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>(<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> source file directories). We find it in the subdirectory
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex/latex/base </span>below the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>’ <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directory. Similarly, all of the following are found without
problems thanks to their unambiguous suffix. <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2198--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> array.sty</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> latin1.def</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> size10.clo</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> small2e.tex</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> tugboat.bib</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2211--><p class="indent" > By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for <span
class="ec-lmro-10">TUGboat </span>articles.
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2214--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> cmr10.pk</span>
</div>
</div> Font bitmap glyph files of type <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>are used by display programs like <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>. Nothing is returned in
this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>’ files in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live — the Type 1 variants are
used by default. <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2221--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> wsuipa10.pk</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk</span>
</div>
</div> For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington) we had to generate ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>’ files, and
since the default Metafont mode on our installation is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ljfour </span>with a base resolution of 600dpi (dots per inch),
this instantiation is returned. <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2231--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -dpi=300</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> wsuipa10.pk</span>
</div>
</div> In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution of 300dpi (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-dpi=300</span>) we see that no such
font is available on the system. A program like <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>or <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>would go off and actually build the required <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>
files using the script <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mktexpk</span>.
<!--l. 2240--><p class="indent" > Next we turn our attention to <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>’s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the commonly
used files, the general prologue <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.pro </span>for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> support, before turning our attention to the generic
configuration file (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>) and the PostScript font map <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map </span>— as of 2004, map and encoding files
have their own search paths and new location in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>trees. As the ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.ps</span>’ suffix is ambiguous we
have to specify explicitly which type we are considering (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips config</span>) for the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>.
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2249--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> tex.pro</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> --format="dvips</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> config"</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> config.ps</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> psfonts.map</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2258--><p class="indent" > We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard
font naming scheme is ‘<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utm</span>’. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the name of the
map file: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2262--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> --format="dvips</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> config"</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> config.utm</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm</span>
</div>
</div> The contents of that file is <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2267--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +utm.map</span>
</div>
</div> which points to the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utm.map</span>, which we want to locate next. <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2272--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> utm.map</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map</span>
</div>
</div> This map file defines the file names of the Type 1 PostScript fonts in the URW collection. Its contents look
like (we only show part of the lines): <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2279--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmb8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmb8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbi8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmbi8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmr8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmri8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmri8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbo8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmb8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmro8r</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> ...</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> <utmr8a.pfb</span>
</div>
</div> Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8a.pfb </span>and find its position in the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>directory
tree with a search for Type 1 font files: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2290--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> utmr8a.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2297--><p class="indent" > It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is
especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since <span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>will
show you the first file encountered.
<!--l. 2302--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.4 </span> <a
id="x1-670007.2.4"></a>Debugging actions</h5>
<!--l. 2305--><p class="noindent" >Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical,
Kpathsea offers various levels of debugging output:
<!--l. 2309--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 1</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2310--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">stat </span>calls (disk lookups). When running with an up-to-date <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>database this should almost
give no output.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 2</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2313--><p class="noindent" >References to hash tables (such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>databases, map files, configuration files).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 4</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2315--><p class="noindent" >File open and close operations.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 8</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2316--><p class="noindent" >General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a
particular path for the file was defined.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">16</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2319--><p class="noindent" >Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">32</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2321--><p class="noindent" >File searches.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">64</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2322--><p class="noindent" >Variable values.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 2324--><p class="noindent" >A value of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-1 </span>will set all the above options; in practice, this is usually the most convenient.
<!--l. 2327--><p class="indent" > Similarly, with the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail
where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the
problem is.
<!--l. 2333--><p class="indent" > Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by
using the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">KPATHSEA_DEBUG </span>environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as described in the
above list.
<!--l. 2338--><p class="indent" > (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic
purposes you can temporarily <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log</span>).
<!--l. 2342--><p class="indent" > Let us consider, as an example, a small <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> source file, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.tex</span>, which contains the following
input.
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb18"><a
id="x1-67002r1"></a>    \documentclass{article}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-67004r2"></a>    \begin{document}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-67006r3"></a>    Hello World!<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-67008r4"></a>    \end{document}</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2349--><p class="nopar" >This little file only uses the font <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>, so let us look at how <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>prepares the PostScript file
(we want to use the Type 1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms</span>).
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2353--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -d4100</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> hello-world</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -Pcms</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> -o</span>
</div>
</div> In this case we have combined <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>’s debug class 4 (font paths) with Kpathsea’s path element expansion (see
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>Reference Manual, <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf" >texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf</a>). The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
Figure <a
href="#x1-67031r12">12<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:dvipsdbga --></a>.
<!--l. 2361--><p class="indent" > <a
id="x1-67031r12"></a><a
id="x1-67036r13"></a><a
id="x1-67049r14"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float"
>
<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">debug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texmf.cnf,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=1,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=ls-R,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=1,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(ls-R)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =>/usr/local/texmf/ls-R</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=aliases,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=1,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(aliases)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/aliases</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=config.ps,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.ps)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=/root/.dvipsrc,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=config.cms,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.cms)</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">=>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span></div>
<div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 12: </span><span
class="content">Finding configuration files</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-67031r12 -->
<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texc.pro,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must\_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find\_all=0,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span></div>
<div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 13: </span><span
class="content">Finding the prolog file</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-67036r13 -->
<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must\_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find\_all=0,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texps.pro,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must\_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find\_all=0,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ...</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"><texps.pro></span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must\_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find\_all=0,</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span><br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"><cmr10.pfb>[1]</span></div>
<div class="caption"
><span class="id">Figure 14: </span><span
class="content">Finding the font file</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-67049r14 -->
</div><hr class="endfloat" />
<!--l. 2377--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>starts by locating its working files. First, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>is found, which gives the definitions of the
search paths for the other files, then the file database <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>(to optimize file searching) and the file
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases</span>, which makes it possible to declare several names (e.g., a short DOS-like 8.3 and a more
natural longer version) for the same file. Then <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>goes on to find the generic configuration file
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps </span>before looking for the customization file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.dvipsrc </span>(which, in this case is <span
class="ec-lmri-10">not found</span>).
Finally, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>locates the config file for the Computer Modern PostScript fonts <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">config.cms </span>(this was
initiated with the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms </span>option on the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>command). This file contains the list of the map
files which define the relation between the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, PostScript and file system names of the fonts.
<div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2391--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10">more</span><span
class="ec-lmtk-10"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +ams.map</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +cms.map</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +cmbkm.map</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> p</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> +amsbkm.map</span>
</div>
</div> <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic map file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map</span>, which is always loaded (it
contains declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of Section <a
href="#x1-660007.2.3">7.2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:examples-of-use --></a> for more details
about PostScript map file handling).
<!--l. 2404--><p class="indent" > At this point <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>identifies itself to the user: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2405--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> is</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> dvips(k)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 5.92b</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Copyright</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 2002</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Radical</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Eye</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> Software</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> (www.radicaleye.com)</span>
</div>
</div> Then it goes on to look for the prolog file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texc.pro</span>: <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2410--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texc.pro,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2421--><p class="indent" > After having found the file in question, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>outputs the date and time, and informs us that it will generate
the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.ps</span>, then that it needs the font file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>, and that the latter is declared as “resident” (no
bitmaps needed): <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2426--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">TeX</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> output</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> 1998.02.26:1204’</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> -></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> hello-world.ps</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">Defining</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> font</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ()</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> cmr10</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> at</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> 10.0pt</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">Font</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> cmr10</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> <CMR10></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> is</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> resident.</span>
</div>
</div> Now the search is on for the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.tfm</span>, which is found, then a few more prolog files (not shown) are
referenced, and finally the Type 1 instance <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.pfb </span>of the font is located and included in the output file
(see last line). <div class="alltt">
<!--l. 2435--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=1,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=texps.pro,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ...</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"><texps.pro></span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> must_exist=0,</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> find_all=0,</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> =></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"> /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-9"><cmr10.pfb>[1]</span>
</div>
</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.3 </span> <a
id="x1-680007.3"></a>Runtime options</h4>
<!--l. 2452--><p class="noindent" >Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular,
array sizes) via the runtime file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>read by Kpathsea. The memory settings can be found in Part 3 of
that file in the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live distribution. The more important are:
<!--l. 2458--><p class="noindent" >
<dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2459--><p class="noindent" >Total words of memory available, for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format
file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a “huge” version of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and call
the format file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hugetex.fmt</span>. Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by
Kpathsea, the particular value of the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory </span>variable will then be read from <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">extra_mem_bot</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2467--><p class="noindent" >Extra space for “large” <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if
you use PI C<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">font_mem_size</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2471--><p class="noindent" >Number of words for font information available for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>. This is more or less the total size of all
TFM files read.
</dd><dt class="list">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra</span> </dt><dd
class="list">
<!--l. 2474--><p class="noindent" >Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Only <span
class="lmsy-10">≈</span>10,000 control sequences
can be stored in the main hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
this might not be enough. The default value of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra </span>is <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">50000</span>.</dd></dl>
<!--l. 2482--><p class="noindent" >Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are
extremely difficult to implement in the present <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> source, these runtime parameters provide a practical
compromise allowing some flexibility.
<!--l. 2590--><p class="indent" > <a id="ack"></a>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8 </span> <a
id="x1-690008"></a>Acknowledgements</h3>
<!--l. 2593--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> user groups. This edition of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live was overseen by
Karl Berry. The other principal contributors, past and present, are listed below.
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">The English, German, Dutch, and Polish <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> user groups (TUG, DANTE e.V., NTG, and GUST,
respectively), which provide the necessary technical and administrative infrastructure. Please join
the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> user group near you! (See <a
href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>.)
</li>
<li class="itemize">The CTAN team, notably Robin Fairbairns and Rainer Schöpf, which distributes the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
images and provides the common infrastructure for package updates, upon which <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
depends.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Nelson Beebe, for making many platforms available to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live developers, and his own
comprehensive testing.
</li>
<li class="itemize">John Bowman, for making many changes to his advanced graphics program Asymptote to make
it work in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Peter Breitenlohner and the e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> team for the stable foundation of future <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s, and Peter
specifically for stellar help with GNU autotools usage throughout <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Jin-Hwan Cho and all of the DVIPDFM<span
class="lmmi-10">x </span>team, for their excellent driver and responsiveness to
configuration issues.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> package <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live would have never existed.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Eitan Gurari, whose <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht is used to create the HTML version of this documentation, and who
worked tirelessly to improve it at short notice, every year. Eitan prematurely passed away in June
2009, and we dedicate this documentation to his memory.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Hans Hagen, for much testing and making his Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t format (<a
href="http://pragma-ade.com" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pragma-ade.com</span></a>) work
within <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live’s framework.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Hàn Thế Thành, Martin Schröder, and the pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> team (<a
href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.org</span></a>) for continuing
enhancements of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s abilities.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Hartmut Henkel, for significant development contributions to pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and more.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Taco Hoekwater,
for major renewed development efforts on MetaPost and (Lua)<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a
href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>) itself,
incorporating Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t into <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, giving Kpathsea multi-threaded functionality, and much
more.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Paweł Jackowski, for the Windows installer <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpm</span>, and Tomasz Łuczak, for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui</span>, used in past
releases.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Akira Kakuto, for providing the Windows binaries from his W32TEX distribution for Japanese
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a
href="http://w32tex.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://w32tex.org</span></a>), and many other development contributions.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Jonathan Kew, for developing the remarkable Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> engine and taking the time and trouble to
integrate it in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, as well as the initial version of the Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> installer, and also for our
recommended front-end <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>works.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Dick Koch, for maintaining Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a
href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>) in very close tandem with <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live, and for his great good cheer in doing so.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Reinhard Kotucha, for major contributions to the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008 infrastructure and installer, as
well as Windows research efforts, the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">getnonfreefonts </span>script, and more.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Siep Kroonenberg, also for major contributions to the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008 infrastructure and installer,
especially on Windows, and for the bulk of work updating this manual describing those features.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Mojca Miklavec, for much help with Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Heiko Oberdiek, for the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>package and many others, compressing the huge <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pst-geo </span>data
files so we could include them, and most of all, for his remarkable work on <span
class="ec-lmss-10">hyperref</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Petr Olšak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak material very carefully.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Toshio Oshima, for his <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dviout </span>previewer for Windows.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard, for helping with package updates, documentation improvements, and
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc </span>development.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Fabrice Popineau, for the original Windows support in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live and work on the French
documentation.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Norbert Preining, the principal architect of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008 infrastructure and installer, and
also for coordinating the Debian version of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live (together with Frank Küster), making many
suggestions along the way.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Sebastian Rahtz, for originally creating <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live and maintaining it for many years.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Phil Taylor, for setting up the BitTorrent downloads.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Tomasz Trzeciak, for wide-ranging help with Windows.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Vladimir Volovich, for substantial help with porting and other maintenance issues, and especially
for making it feasible to include <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xindy</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, and coordinator of the many
major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows installation, and more.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Olaf Weber, for his patient maintenance of Web2C.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the original Mac OS X support.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Graham Williams, the originator of the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Catalogue.
</li></ul>
<!--l. 2718--><p class="indent" > Builders of the binaries: Ettore Aldrovandi (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-solaris</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-solaris</span>), Marc Baudoin (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-netbsd</span>,
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd</span>), Karl Berry (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-linux</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris</span>), Alan Braslau (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>),
Peter Breitenlohner (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-linux</span>), Ken Brown (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-cygwin</span>), Simon Dales (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">armhf-linux</span>), Christian
Mensing (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>), Akira Kakuto (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">win32</span>), Dick Koch (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">universal-darwin</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-darwin</span>), Nikola Lečić
(<span
class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-freebsd</span>), Mojca Miklavec (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux</span>), Norbert Preining (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">alpha-linux</span>), Thomas Schmitz
(<span
class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-linux</span>), Boris Veytsman (<span
class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux</span>). For information on the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live build process, see
<a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/build.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/build.html</span></a>.
<!--l. 2737--><p class="indent" > Translators of this manual: Boris Veytsman (Russian), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, & Helin Gai
(Chinese), Uwe Ziegenhagen (German), Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard (French), Marco Pallante (Italian), Nikola
Lečić (Serbian), Petr Sojka & Jan Busa (Czech/Slovak), Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish). The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
documentation web page is <a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html</span></a>.
<!--l. 2748--><p class="indent" > Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and
then for giving it to the world.
<!--l. 2753--><p class="noindent" >
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9 </span> <a
id="x1-700009"></a>Release history</h3>
<!--l. 2756--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1 </span> <a
id="x1-710009.1"></a>Past</h4>
<!--l. 2758--><p class="noindent" >Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Users Group was starting work on its 4All<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> CD for
MS-DOS users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, CD for all systems. This was too
ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn not only the very successful 4All<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> CD, but also the TUG
Technical Council working group on a <span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmri-10">Directory Structure </span>(<a
href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>), which specified how
to create consistent and manageable collections of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> support files. A complete draft of the TDS was
published in the December 1995 issue of <span
class="ec-lmro-10">TUGboat</span>, and it was clear from an early stage that one desirable
product would be a model structure on CD. The distribution you now have is a very direct result of the
working group’s deliberations. It was also clear that the success of the 4All<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> CD showed that
Unix users would benefit from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live.
<!--l. 2774--><p class="indent" > We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified
Thomas Esser’s te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of 1996.
The first edition was released in May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new
release of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had added in te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>,
and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the CD on the standard Web2C, with the addition of
te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig </span>script. The 3rd edition of the CD was based on a major revision of Web2C,
7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> was being made, and <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
included almost all of its features. The 4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version
of te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, and a new release of Web2C (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows
setup.
<!--l. 2790--><p class="indent" > For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of
packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 5 was that all
non-free software was removed. Everything in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live is now intended to be compatible with the
Debian Free Software Guidelines (<a
href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.debian.org/intro/free</span></a>); we have done our best to
check the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much appreciate hearing of any
mistakes.
<!--l. 2799--><p class="indent" > The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept:
the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an appropriate
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">language.dat</span>.
<!--l. 2805--><p class="indent" > The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to
all sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, to
correct the drift apart in versions 5 and 6.
<!--l. 2810--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.1 </span> <a
id="x1-720009.1.1"></a>2003</h5>
<!--l. 2812--><p class="noindent" >In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live had grown so large it
could no longer be contained on a single CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see section <a
href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>,
p. <a
href="#x1-90002.1">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>). In addition:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">At the request of the <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> team, we changed the standard <span
class="ec-lmss-10">latex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex </span>commands to
now use e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (see p. <a
href="#x1-120002.4">10<!--tex4ht:ref: text:etex --></a>).
</li>
<li class="itemize">The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
</li>
<li class="itemize">Support for Alpha OSF was removed (HPUX support was removed previously), since no one had
(or volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time an integrated environment based on
XEmacs was introduced.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Important supplementary programs for Windows (Perl, Ghostscript, ImageMagick, Ispell) are now
installed in the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation directory.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Font map files used by <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex </span>are now generated by the new program <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>
and installed into <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/fonts/map</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont, and MetaPost now, by default, output most input characters (32 and above) as
themselves in output (e.g., <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\write</span></span></span>) files, log files, and the terminal, i.e., <span
class="ec-lmri-10">not </span>translated using the
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> notation. In <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 7, this translation was dependent on the system locale settings; now,
locale settings do not influence the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> programs’ behavior. If for some reason you need the
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> output, rename the file <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx</span></span></span>. (Future releases will have cleaner ways to
control this.)
</li>
<li class="itemize">This documentation was substantially revised.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy, the version is now simply identified by the
year: <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2003.</li></ul>
<!--l. 2850--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.2 </span> <a
id="x1-730009.1.2"></a>2004</h5>
<!--l. 2852--><p class="noindent" >2004 saw many changes:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>or (much less likely) <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>support
files, you may need to move those support files.
<!--l. 2860--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>files are now searched for in subdirectories of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/map </span>only (in each <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>tree), along
the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXFONTMAPS </span>path. Similarly, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>files are now searched for in subdirectories of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/enc</span>
only, along the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ENCFONTS </span>path. <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>will attempt to warn about problematic files.
<!--l. 2867--><p class="noindent" >For methods of handling this and other information, please see
<a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection has been expanded with the addition of a MiK<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-based installable CD,
for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C. See section <a
href="#x1-80002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a> (p. <a
href="#x1-80002">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a>).
</li>
<li class="itemize">Within <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, the single large <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>tree of previous releases has been replaced by three:
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc</span>. See section <a
href="#x1-100002.2">2.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a> (p. <a
href="#x1-100002.2">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>), and the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">README </span>files for each.
</li>
<li class="itemize">All <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>-related input files are now collected in the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>subdirectory of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf* </span>trees,
rather than having separate sibling directories <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">etex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfetex</span>, etc. See
<a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located in a new <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">scripts</span>
subdirectory of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf* </span>trees, and can be searched for via <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> -format=texmfscripts</span></span></span>.
So if you have programs which call such scripts, they’ll need to be adjusted. See
<a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Almost all formats leave most characters printable as themselves via the “translation file”
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">cp227.tcx</span>, instead of translating them with the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> notation. Specifically, characters at
positions 32–256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are considered printable and not
translated. The exceptions are plain <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (only 32–126 printable), Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t (0–255 printable),
and the Omega-related formats. This default behavior is almost the same as in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
2003, but it’s implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities for customization. See
<a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files</span></a>. (By the way, with Unicode input, <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> may output
partial character sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex </span>is now the default engine for all formats except (plain) <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>itself. (Of course it generates
DVI when run as <span
class="ec-lmss-10">latex</span>, etc.) This means, among other things, that the microtypographic
features of <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex </span>are available in <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Con<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>t, etc., as well as the e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> features
(<a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/</a>).
<!--l. 2914--><p class="noindent" >It also means it’s <span
class="ec-lmri-10">more important than ever </span>to use the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf </span>package (works with both plain and
<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>) or equivalent code, because simply testing whether <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>or some other primitive
is defined is not a reliable way to determine if PDF output is being generated. We made this
backward compatible as best we could this year, but next year, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>may be defined even
when DVI is being written.
</li>
<li class="itemize">pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a
href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.org</span></a>) has many new features:
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapfile </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapline </span>provide font map support from within a document.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.<br
class="newline" /><a
href="http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html</span></a>
</li>
<li class="itemize">All parameters previously set through the special configuration file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg </span>must now be
set through primitives, typically in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.tex</span>; <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg </span>is no longer supported.
Any extant <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt </span>files must be redumped when <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.tex </span>is changed.
</li>
<li class="itemize">See the pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> manual for more: <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a>.
</li></ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize">The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\input </span>primitive in <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>(and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mf </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span>) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
special characters. Typical examples:
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb19"><a
id="x1-73002r1"></a>  \input "filename with spaces"   % plain<br class="fancyvrb" /><a
id="x1-73004r2"></a>  \input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex</div>
</div>
<!--l. 2948--><p class="nopar" >See the Web2C manual for more: <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c" >texmf/doc/web2c</a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">enc<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> support is now included within Web2C and consequently all <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> programs, via the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-enc</span>
option — <span
class="ec-lmri-10">only when formats are built</span>. enc<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> supports general re-encoding of input and
output, enabling full support of Unicode (in UTF-8). See <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/</a> and
<a
href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</span></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Aleph, a new engine combining e-<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and Omega, is available. A little information is available in
<a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a> and <a
href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph</span></a>. The
<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-based format for Aleph is named <span
class="ec-lmss-10">lamed</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The latest <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> release has a new version of the LPPL — now officially a Debian-approved license.
Assorted other updates, see the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ltnews </span>files in <a
href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/latex/base" >texmf-dist/doc/latex/base</a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipng</span>, a new program for converting DVI to PNG image files, is included. See <a
href="../../../../texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1" >texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1</a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">We reduced the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">cbgreek </span>package to a “medium” sized set of fonts, with the assent and advice of the
author (Claudio Beccari). The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones, which are
relatively rarely used, and we needed the space. The full set is of course available from CTAN
(<a
href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb</span></a>).
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">oxdvi </span>has been removed; just use <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ini </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">vir </span>commands (links) for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mpost </span>are no longer created, such as <span
class="ec-lmss-10">initex</span>.
The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ini </span>functionality has been available through the command-line option <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">-ini </span>for years
now.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-openbsd </span>platform support was removed. Since the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tetex </span>package in the BSD Ports system is
available, and GNU/Linux and FreeBSD binaries were available, it seemed volunteer time could be better
spent elsewhere.
</li>
<li class="itemize">On <span
class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris </span>(at least), you may have to set the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">LD_LIBRARY_PATH </span>environment variable to run the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">t1utils </span>programs. This is because they are compiled with C++, and there is no standard location for the
runtime libraries. (This is not new in 2004, but wasn’t previously documented.) Similarly, on <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>,
the MIPSpro 7.4 runtimes are required.
</li></ul>
<!--l. 2999--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.3 </span> <a
id="x1-740009.1.3"></a>2005</h5>
<!--l. 3001--><p class="noindent" >2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively
stable from 2004, but inevitably there were some changes there as well:
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">New scripts <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap-sys</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil-sys </span>were introduced, which modify the
configuration in the system trees. The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>scripts now modify
user-specific files, under <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.texlive2005</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Corresponding new variables <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>to specify the trees where
configuration files (user or system, respectively) are found. Thus, you may need to move
personal versions of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>to these places; another option is to redefine
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. In any case the real location of these files and
the values of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>must agree. See section <a
href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, p. <a
href="#x1-110002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Last year, we kept <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput</span></span></span> and other primitives undefined for DVI output, even though the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex </span>program was being used. This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility measure. So
if your document uses <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined</span></span></span> to test if PDF is being output, it will need to
be changed. You can use the package <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf.sty </span>(which works under both plain <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>)
to do this, or steal its logic.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as themselves (see previous section).
The new TCX file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">empty.tcx </span>now provides an easier way to get the original <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> notation if you so desire,
as in:
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb20"><a
id="x1-74002r1"></a>  latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex</div>
</div>
<!--l. 3038--><p class="nopar" >
</li>
<li class="itemize">The new program <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>is included for translation of DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained
update of <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>(which is also still available for now, though no longer recommended).
</li>
<li class="itemize">The new programs <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfopen </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdfclose </span>are included to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe Acrobat
Reader without restarting the program. (Other pdf readers, notably <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">gv</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">gsview</span>, have never
suffered from this problem.)
</li>
<li class="itemize">For consistency, the variables <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">HOMETEXMF </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">VARTEXMF </span>have been renamed to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>and
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>, respectively. There is also <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, which is by default user-specific. See the first point
above.
</li></ul>
<!--l. 3060--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.4 </span> <a
id="x1-750009.1.4"></a>2006–2007</h5>
<!--l. 3062--><p class="noindent" >In 2006–2007, the major new addition to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live was the Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> program, available as the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>and
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex </span>programs; see <a
href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</span></a>.
<!--l. 3066--><p class="indent" > MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (<a
href="http://tug.org/metapost/articles" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/metapost/articles</span></a>),
likewise pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a
href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</span></a>).
<!--l. 3070--><p class="indent" > The <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt </span>(high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont are now stored in
subdirectories of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c</span>, instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still searched, for the
sake of existing <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt</span>’s). The subdirectories are named for the ‘engine’ in use, such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span>.
This change should be invisible in normal use.
<!--l. 3078--><p class="indent" > The (plain) <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>program no longer reads <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%& </span>first lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure
Knuthian <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>. (<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> and everything else do still read <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">%& </span>lines).
<!--l. 3082--><p class="indent" > Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual,
please check CTAN (<a
href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>) for updates.
<!--l. 3086--><p class="indent" > Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree,
as linked from our home page. Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will provide a
stable development foundation for future years.
<!--l. 3091--><p class="indent" > Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating te<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
(<a
href="http://tug.org/tetex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tetex</span></a>). As a result, there was been a surge of interest in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, especially among
GNU/Linux distributors. (There is a new <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tetex </span>installation scheme in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, which provides an
approximate equivalent.) We hope this will eventually translate to improvements in the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> environment for
everyone.
<!--l. 3099--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.5 </span> <a
id="x1-760009.1.5"></a>2008</h5>
<!--l. 3101--><p class="noindent" >In 2008, the entire <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about
an installation is now stored in a plain text file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span>.
<!--l. 3105--><p class="indent" > Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation over the Internet after
the initial installation, a feature MiK<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> has provided for many years. We expect to regularly update new
packages as they are released to CTAN.
<!--l. 3110--><p class="indent" > The major new engine Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a
href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>) is included; besides a new level of flexibility
in typesetting, this provides an excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> documents.
<!--l. 3115--><p class="indent" > Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most
Perl and Lua scripts are now available on Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>
Live.
<!--l. 3119--><p class="indent" > The new <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>script (section <a
href="#x1-440005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>) is the general interface for managing <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live after the initial
installation. It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map files, and language files,
optionally including local additions.
<!--l. 3124--><p class="indent" > With the advent of <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>, the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>actions to edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are
now disabled.
<!--l. 3127--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xindy </span>indexing program (<a
href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://xindy.sourceforge.net/</span></a>) is now included on most
platforms.
<!--l. 3130--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>tool can now report all matches for a given file (option <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">–all</span>) and limit matches to a given
subdirectory (option <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">–subdir</span>).
<!--l. 3134--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>program now includes functionality to extract bounding box information, via the command
name <span
class="ec-lmss-10">extractbb</span>; this was one of the last features provided by <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>not in <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span>.
<!--l. 3139--><p class="indent" > The font aliases <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Times-Roman</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">Helvetica</span>, and so on have been removed. Different packages expected them
to behave differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was no good way to resolve
this.
<!--l. 3144--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">platex </span>format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict with a completely different Japanese <span
class="ec-lmss-10">platex</span>;
the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">polski </span>package is now the main Polish support.
<!--l. 3148--><p class="indent" > Internally, the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB</span> string pool files are now compiled into the binaries, to ease upgrades.
<!--l. 3151--><p class="indent" > Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See
<a
href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf</span></a>.
<!--l. 3155--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.6 </span> <a
id="x1-770009.1.6"></a>2009</h5>
<!--l. 3157--><p class="noindent" >In 2009, the default output format for Lua(L<span
class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> is now PDF, to take advantage of Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s OpenType
support, et al. New executables named <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dviluatex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvilualatex </span>run Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> with DVI output. The
Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> home page is <a
href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>.
<!--l. 3162--><p class="indent" > The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega
authors. The updated Aleph and Lamed remain, as do the Omega utilities.
<!--l. 3166--><p class="indent" > A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape
changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont sources have been integrated, and the
hinting has been updated. The Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see
<a
href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf</span></a>). In all cases, the metrics remain
unchanged. The AMS fonts home page is <a
href="http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html</span></a>.
<!--l. 3174--><p class="indent" > The new GUI front end <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>works is included for Windows, and also in Mac<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>. For other platforms, and
more information, see the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>works home page, <a
href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a>. It is a cross-platform front end
inspired by the Mac OS X TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use.
<!--l. 3179--><p class="indent" > The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics
description language vaguely akin to MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features. Its home
page is <a
href="http://asymptote.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://asymptote.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
<!--l. 3184--><p class="indent" > The separate <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm </span>program has been replaced by <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx</span>, which operates in a special compatibility
mode under that name. <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx </span>includes CJK support and has accumulated many other fixes over the years
since the last <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm </span>release. The DVIPDFMx home page is <a
href="http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx</span></a>.
<!--l. 3191--><p class="indent" > Executables for the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">cygwin </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd </span>platforms are now included, while we were advised that
OpenBSD users get <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in making binaries that
have a chance of working on more than one version.
<!--l. 3196--><p class="indent" > A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xz </span>compression, the stable replacement for <span
class="ec-lmss-10">lzma</span>
(<a
href="http://tukaani.org/xz/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tukaani.org/xz/</span></a>); a literal <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span></span></span> is allowed in filenames when it does not introduce a known variable
name; the Kpathsea library is now multi-threaded (made use of in MetaPost); the entire <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live build is
now based on Automake.
<!--l. 3203--><p class="indent" > Final note on the past: all releases of <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are
available at <a
href="ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive</span></a>.
<!--l. 3208--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.7 </span> <a
id="x1-780009.1.7"></a>2010</h5>
<!--l. 3211--><p class="noindent" >In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> engines when used to produce PDF and to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx</span>. Loading the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pdf14 </span><span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> package changes back
to PDF 1.4, or set <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfminorversion=4</span></span></span>.
<!--l. 3216--><p class="indent" > pdf(L<span
class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> now <span
class="ec-lmri-10">automatically </span>converts a requested Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>package, when and if the <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">graphics.cfg </span>configuration file is loaded, and PDF is
being output. The default options are intended to eliminate any chance of hand-created PDF
files being overwritten, but you can also prevent <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">epstopdf </span>from being loaded at all by putting
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}</span></span></span> (or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\def...</span></span></span>) before the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\documentclass </span>declaration. It is also not
loaded if the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">pst-pdf </span>package is used. For more details, see the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>package documentation
(<a
href="http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</span></a>).
<!--l. 3228--><p class="indent" > A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, via the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18 </span>feature, is
now enabled by default. These are commands are <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">repstopdf</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">makeindex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex8</span>;
the list is defined in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. Environments which must disallow all such external commands can deselect
this option in the installer (see section <a
href="#x1-270003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), or override the value after installation by running
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> conf</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> texmf</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> shell_escape</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> 0</span></span></span>.
<!--l. 3237--><p class="indent" > Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an
arbitrary directory (like <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> itself), by default. This is so they can now be enabled for use by the restricted
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18</span>. To change this, the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFOUTPUT </span>environment variable can be set, or the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">openout_any</span></span></span> setting
changed.
<!--l. 3243--><p class="indent" > Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdf<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>. (Font expansion is not presently
supported.)
<!--l. 3246--><p class="indent" > By default, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>now saves one backup of each package updated (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr option autobackup 1</span>), so
broken packages updates can be easily reverted with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr restore</span>. If you do post-install updates, and don’t
have the disk space for the backups, run <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr option autobackup 0</span>.
<!--l. 3252--><p class="indent" > New programs included: the p<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU
program for Unicode-enabled BibTeX; the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">chktex </span>utility (<a
href="http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex</span></a>) for
checking (L<span
class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> documents; the <span
class="ec-lmss-10">dvisvgm </span>(<a
href="http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net</span></a>) DVI-to-SVG
translator.
<!--l. 3259--><p class="indent" > Executables for these new platforms are now included: <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd</span>,
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-solaris</span>.
<!--l. 3263--><p class="indent" > A change in <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht-related executables
(<a
href="http://tug.org/tex4ht" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tex4ht</span></a>) were removed from the binary directories. The generic <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mk4ht </span>program can be used
to run any of the various <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex4ht </span>combinations.
<!--l. 3268--><p class="indent" > Finally, the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Live release on the <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A
single DVD no longer has enough room. One beneficial side effect is that installation from the physical
DVD is much faster.
<!--l. 3273--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.8 </span> <a
id="x1-790009.1.8"></a>2011</h5>
<!--l. 3275--><p class="noindent" >The Mac OS X binaries (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin</span>) now work only on Leopard or later; Panther
and Tiger are no longer supported.
<!--l. 3279--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">biber </span>program for bibliography processing is included on common platforms. Its development is
closely coupled with the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">biblatex </span>package, which completely reimplements the bibliographical facilities
provided by LaTeX.
<!--l. 3284--><p class="indent" > The MetaPost (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost</span>) program no longer creates or uses <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">.mem </span>files. The needed files, such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">plain.mp</span>, are
simply read on every run. This is related to supporting MetaPost as a library, which is another significant
though not user-visible change.
<!--l. 3289--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap </span>implementation in Perl, previously used only on Windows, has been revamped and is now used
on all platforms. There shouldn’t be any user-visible changes as a result, except that it runs much
faster.
<!--l. 3294--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmss-10">initex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">inimf </span>programs were restored (but no other <span
class="ec-lmss-10">ini* </span>variants).
<!--l. 3298--><p class="noindent" >
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.9 </span> <a
id="x1-800009.1.9"></a>2012</h5>
<!--l. 3300--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>supports updates from multiple network repositories. The section on multiple repositories in the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span>
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">help </span>output has more.
<!--l. 3304--><p class="indent" > The parameter <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>is set to 1 by default, for both <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex</span>. This allows line
breaks after em-dashes and en-dashes, which has always been the behavior of plain <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>,
etc. Existing Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> documents which must retain perfect line-break compatibility will need to set
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>to 0 explicitly.
<!--l. 3311--><p class="indent" > The output files generated by <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips</span>, among others, can now exceed 2gb.
<!--l. 3314--><p class="indent" > The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips </span>by default, since so many different
versions of them are extant.
<!--l. 3318--><p class="indent" > In the restricted <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18 </span>execution mode, set by default, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost </span>is now an allowed program.
<!--l. 3321--><p class="indent" > A <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>file is also found in <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">../texmf-local</span>, e.g., <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>, if
it exists.
<!--l. 3325--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap </span>script reads a per-tree <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>instead of one global config. This change should be
invisible, unless you edited your updmap.cfg’s directly. The <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> --help</span></span></span> output has more.
<!--l. 3329--><p class="indent" > Platforms: <span
class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux </span>added; <span
class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-linux </span>and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd </span>are no longer in the main
distribution.
<!--l. 3334--><p class="indent" > <a id="news"></a>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.2 </span> <a
id="x1-810009.2"></a>Present</h4>
<!--l. 3338--><p class="noindent" >Distribution layout: the top-level <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/ </span>directory has been merged into <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/</span>, for simplicity. Both the
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST </span>Kpathsea variables now point to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>.
<!--l. 3343--><p class="indent" > Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation.
<!--l. 3346--><p class="indent" > MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added.
<!--l. 3349--><p class="indent" > Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfscanner</span>) to process external PDF page
content, among much else (see its web pages).
<!--l. 3353--><p class="indent" > Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (also see its web pages for more):
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">The HarfBuzz library now used for font layout instead of ICU. (ICU is still used to support input
encodings, bidirectionality, and the optional Unicode line breaking.)
</li>
<li class="itemize">Graphite2 and HarfBuzz are used instead of SilGraphite for Graphite layout.
</li>
<li class="itemize">On Macs, Core Text is used instead of the (deprecated) ATSUI.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Prefer TrueType/OpenType fonts to Type1 when the names are the same.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Fix occasional mismatch in font finding between Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">xdvipdfmx</span>.
</li>
<li class="itemize">Support OpenType math cut-ins.</li></ul>
<!--l. 3367--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>: now uses FreeType instead of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">t1lib </span>for rendering.
<!--l. 3369--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmss-10">microtype.sty</span>: some support for Xe<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (protrusion) and Lua<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> (protrusion, font expansion, tracking),
among other enhancements.
<!--l. 3373--><p class="indent" > <span
class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>: new <span
class="ec-lmtt-10">pinning </span>action to ease configuring multiple repositories; that section in <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> --help</span></span></span> has
more, online at <a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html#MULTIPLE-REPOSITORIES" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html#MULTIPLE-REPOSITORIES</span></a>.
<!--l. 3377--><p class="indent" > Platforms: <span
class="ec-lmss-10">armhf-linux</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd</span>, and <span
class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-netbsd </span>added or revived; <span
class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-aix </span>removed. Support
for some additional platforms is available as custom binaries (<a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html</span></a>).
<!--l. 3384--><p class="noindent" >
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.3 </span> <a
id="x1-820009.3"></a>Future</h4>
<!--l. 3386--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span
class="ec-lmri-10">Live is not perfect! </span>(And never will be.) We intend to continue to release new versions, and would like to
provide more help material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an ever-improved and
better-checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is all done by volunteers in their spare time, and so there is
always more to do. Please see <a
href="http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html</span></a>.
<!--l. 3393--><p class="indent" > Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
<div class="quote">
<!--l. 3395--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a> <br
class="newline" /><a
href="http://tug.org/texlive" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive</span></a></div>
<!--l. 3400--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="ec-lmro-10">Happy </span><span class="TEX"><span
class="ec-lmro-10">T</span><span
class="E"><span
class="ec-lmro-10">E</span></span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">X</span></span><span
class="ec-lmro-10">ing!</span>
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