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path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.txt
blob: 921658628de338e5b4811b5ba85099a5445456be (plain)
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NAME
       latexmk - generate LaTeX document

SYNOPSIS
       latexmk [options] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
       Latexmk completely automates the process of compiling a LaTeX document.
       Essentially, it is like a specialized  relative  of  the  general  make
       utility,  but  one  which determines dependencies automatically and has
       some other very useful  features.   In  its  basic  mode  of  operation
       latexmk  is  given  the name of the primary source file for a document,
       and it issues the appropriate sequence of commands to generate a  .dvi,
       .ps, .pdf and/or hardcopy version of the document.

       By  default  latexmk will run the commands necessary to generate a .dvi
       file.

       Latexmk can also be set to run continuously with a suitable  previewer.
       In  that  case  the  LaTeX  program, etc, are rerun whenever one of the
       source files is modified, and the previewer automatically  updates  the
       on-screen view of the compiled document.

       Latexmk  determines  which  are  the  source files by examining the log
       file.  (Optionally, it also examines the list of input and output files
       generated  by  the  -recorder  option  of  modern versions of latex and
       pdflatex.  See the documentation for the -recorder  option  of  latexmk
       below.)   When  latexmk  is  run,  it examines properties of the source
       files, and if any have been changed since the last document generation,
       latexmk  will  run  the various LaTeX processing programs as necessary.
       In particular, it will repeat the run  of  LaTeX  (or  pdflatex)  often
       enough to resolve all cross references; depending on the macro packages
       used.  With some macro packages and document  classes,  four,  or  even
       more,  runs  may be needed. If necessary, latexmk will also run bibtex,
       biber, and/or makeindex.  In addition, latexmk  can  be  configured  to
       generate  other  necessary  files.  For example, from an updated figure
       file it can automatically generate a file in encapsulated postscript or
       another suitable format for reading by LaTeX.

       Latexmk  has  two  different  previewing  options.   In  the simple -pv
       option, a dvi, postscript or pdf previewer is automatically  run  after
       generating  the  dvi,  postscript  or pdf version of the document.  The
       type of file to view is selected according  to  configuration  settings
       and command line options.

       The  second  previewing  option  is the powerful -pvc option (mnemonic:
       "preview continuously").  In this case, latexmk runs continuously, reg-
       ularly  monitoring  all  the  source  files to see if any have changed.
       Every time a change is detected, latexmk runs all the  programs  neces-
       sary to generate a new version of the document.  A good previewer (like
       gv) will then automatically update its display.  Thus the user can sim-
       ply edit a file and, when the changes are written to disk, latexmk com-
       pletely automates the cycle of updating the .dvi (and possibly the  .ps
       and .pdf) file, and refreshing the previewer's display.  It's not quite
       WYSIWYG, but usefully close.

       For other previewers, the user may have to manually make the  previewer
       update  its display, which can be (some versions of xdvi and gsview) as
       simple as forcing a redraw of its display.



                                                                             1





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       Latexmk has the ability to print a banner  in  gray  diagonally  across
       each  page  when  making  the postscript file.  It can also, if needed,
       call an external program to do other postprocessing  on  the  generated
       files.

       Latexmk  is highly configurable, both from the command line and in con-
       figuration files, so that it can accommodate a  wide  variety  of  user
       needs  and  system configurations.  Default values are set according to
       the operating system, so latexmk often works without special configura-
       tion  on  MS-Windows,  cygwin,  Linux,  OS-X,  and  other  UNIX systems
       (notably Solaris).

       A very annoying complication handled very reliably by Latexmk, is  that
       LaTeX  is a multiple pass system.  On each run, LaTeX reads in informa-
       tion generated on a previous run, for things like cross referencing and
       indexing.   In  the simplest cases, a second run of LaTeX suffices, and
       often the log file contains a message about the need for another  pass.
       However,  there  is  a  wide variety of add-on macro packages to LaTeX,
       with a variety of behaviors.  The  result  is  to  break  simple-minded
       determinations  of  how many runs are needed and of which programs.  In
       its new version, latexmk has a highly general and efficient solution to
       these issues.  The solution involves retaining between runs information
       on the source files, and a symptom is that latexmk generates  an  extra
       file (with extension .fdb_latexmk, by default) that contains the source
       file information.


LATEXMK OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS ON COMMAND LINE
       (All options can be introduced by  single  or  double  "-"  characters,
       e.g., "latexmk -help" or "latexmk --help".)

       file   One  or more files can be specified.  If no files are specified,
              latexmk will, by default, run on all files in the current  work-
              ing  directory  with  a  ".tex" extension.  This behavior can be
              changed: see the description concerning the @default_files vari-
              able  in  the section "List of configuration variables usable in
              initialization files".

       If a file is specified without an extension, then the ".tex"  extension
       is automatically added, just as LaTeX does.  Thus, if you specify:

            latexmk foo

       then latexmk will operate on the file "foo.tex".


       -auxdir=FOO or -aux-directory=FOO

              Sets  the  directory  for  auxiliary  output files of (pdf)latex
              (.aux, .log etc).  This achieves its effect by  the  -aux-direc-
              tory  option  of (pdf)latex, which currently is only implemented
              on the MiKTeX version of (pdf)latex.

              See  also  the  -outdir/-output-directory   options,   and   the



                                9 December 2011                              2





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              $aux_dir,  $out_dir,  and  $search_path_separator  configuration
              variables of latexmk.



       -bibtex
              When the source file uses bbl files for bibliography, run bibtex
              or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files.

              This  property can also be configured by setting the $bibtex_use
              variable to 2 in a configuration file

       -bibtex-
              Never run bibtex or biber.

              A common use for this option is when a document  comes  from  an
              external  source,  complete  with  its bbl file(s), and the user
              does not have the corresponding bib files  available.   In  this
              situation  use  of the -bibtex- option will prevent latexmk from
              trying to run bibtex or biber, which would result in overwriting
              of the bbl files.

       -bibtex-cond
              When  the source file uses bbl file(s) for the bibliography, run
              bibtex or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files, but  only
              if  the relevant bib file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib files are
              not available, bibtex or biber  is  not  run,  thereby  avoiding
              overwriting of the bbl file(s).  This is the default setting.

              (Note  that  it  is  possible for latexmk to decide that the bib
              file does not exist, even though the bib  file  does  exist  and
              bibtex  or biber finds it.  The problem is that the bib file may
              not be in the current directory but in  some  search  path;  the
              places latexmk and bibtex or biber cause to be searched need not
              be identical.  On modern installations of TeX and  related  pro-
              grams  this  problem  should  not  arise, since latexmk uses the
              kpsewhich program to do the search, and kpsewhich should use the
              same  search  path as bibtex and biber.  If this problem arises,
              use the -bibtex option when invoking latexmk.)

       -bm <message>
              A banner message to print diagonally across each page when  con-
              verting  the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a sin-
              gle argument on the command line  so  be  careful  with  quoting
              spaces and such.

              Note  that  if  the  -bm  option is specified, the -ps option is
              assumed.

       -bi <intensity>
              How dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number  between
              0 and 1.  0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which
              is OK unless your toner cartridge is getting low.




                                9 December 2011                              3





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       -bs <scale>
              A decimal number that specifies how  large  the  banner  message
              will  be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right
              scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be
              about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
              message.  The default is 220.0 which is just right for 5 charac-
              ter messages.

       -commands
              List the commands used by latexmk for processing files, and then
              exit.

       -c     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber except dvi, postscript and pdf.  These files are
              a combination of log files, aux files, latexmk's  database  file
              of  source file information, and those with extensions specified
              in the @generated_exts  configuration  variable.   In  addition,
              files  with  extensions by the $clean_ext configuration variable
              are removed.

              This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the  -gg  option
              if you want to do a cleanup then a make.

              If  $bibtex_use  is set to 0 or 1, bbl files are counted as non-
              regeneratable.

              If $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero,  regeneratable
              files  are  considered  as  including  those generated by custom
              dependencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise  these  files  are
              not deleted.

       -C     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber.  This is the same as the  -c  option  with  the
              addition of dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those with exten-
              sions in the $clean_full_ext configuration variable.

              This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the  -gg  option
              if you want to do a cleanup than a make.

              If  $bibtex_use  is set to 0 or 1, bbl files are counted as non-
              regeneratable.

              If $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero,  regeneratable
              files  are  considered  as  including  those generated by custom
              dependencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise  these  files  are
              not deleted.

       -CA    (Obsolete).   Now  equivalent to the -C option.  See that option
              for details.

       -CF    Remove the file containing the database of source file  informa-
              tion, before doing the other actions requested.

       -d     Set  draft  mode.  This prints the banner message "DRAFT" across
              your page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size  and



                                9 December 2011                              4





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              intensity can be modified with the -bs and -bi options.  The -bm
              option will override this option as this is really just a  short
              way of specifying:

                   latexmk -bm DRAFT

              Note  that  if  the  -d  option  is specified, the -ps option is
              assumed.

       -deps  Show a list of dependent files after processing.  This is in the
              form  of a dependency list of the form used by the make program,
              and it is therefore suitable for use in a Makefile.  It gives an
              overall view of the files without listing intermediate files, as
              well as latexmk can determine them.

              By default the list of dependent files is sent to stdout  (i.e.,
              normally  to  the screen unless you've redirected latexmk's out-
              put).  But you can set the filename where the list  is  sent  by
              the -deps-out= option.

              See  the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for an example of how
              to use a dependency list with make.

              Users familiar with GNU automake and  gcc  will  find  that  the
              -deps  option  is very similar in its purpose and results to the
              -M option to gcc.

       -dependents
              Equivalent to -deps.

       -deps- Do not show a list of dependent files after  processing.   (This
              is the default.)

       -dependents-
              Equivalent to -deps-.

       -deps-out=FILENAME
              Set  the  filename to which the list of dependent files is writ-
              ten.  If the FILENAME argument is omitted or set  to  '-',  then
              the output is sent to stdout.

              Use  of  this  option  also  turns  on the output of the list of
              dependent files after processing.

       -dF    Dvi file filtering.  The argument to this  option  is  a  filter
              which  will  generate  a  filtered  dvi  file with the extension
              ".dviF".  All extra processing (e.g. conversion  to  postscript,
              preview,  printing)  will then be performed on this filtered dvi
              file.

              Example usage: To use dviselect to select only the even pages of
              the dvi file:

                   latexmk -dF 'dviselect even' foo.tex




                                9 December 2011                              5





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       -diagnostics
              Print  detailed  diagnostics  during  a  run.  This may help for
              debugging problems or to understand latexmk's behavior in diffi-
              cult situations.

       -dvi   Generate dvi version of document.

       -dvi-  Turn  off  generation of dvi version of document.  (This may get
              overridden, if some other file is made (e.g., a .ps  file)  that
              is  generated  from the dvi file, or if no generated file at all
              is requested.)

       -e <code>
              Execute the specified  initialization  code  before  processing.
              The  code  is Perl code of the same form as is used in latexmk's
              initialization files -- for more details, see the information on
              the  -r option, and the section about "Configuration/initializa-
              tion (RC) files".  The code is typically a sequence  of  assign-
              ment statements separated by semicolons.

              The  code  is  executed when the -e option is encountered during
              latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -r option for  a
              way  of  executing  initialization  code  from a file.  An error
              results in latexmk stopping.  Multiple instances of the  -r  and
              -e  options can be used, and they are executed in the order they
              appear on the command line.

              Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special char-
              acters  in  the  code on the command line.  For example, suppose
              you want to set the  latex  command  to  use  its  -shell-escape
              option, then under UNIX/LINUX you could use the line

                   latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex

              Note  that  the  single  quotes  block normal UNIX/LINUX command
              shells from treating the characters inside the  quotes  as  spe-
              cial.   (In  this  example, the q/.../ construct is a Perl idiom
              equivalent to using single quotes.  This  avoids  the  complica-
              tions  of  getting  a  quote  character inside an already quoted
              string in a way that is independent of both the  shell  and  the
              operating-system.)

              The  above  command  line  will  NOT  work under MS-Windows with
              cmd.exe or command.com or 4nt.exe.  For  MS-Windows  with  these
              command shells you could use

                   latexmk -e "$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/" file.tex

              or

                   latexmk -e "$latex='latex %O -shell-escape %S'" file.tex

              The  last  two  examples  will  NOT work with UNIX/LINUX command
              shells.




                                9 December 2011                              6





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       -f     Force latexmk to continue document  processing  despite  errors.
              Normally, when latexmk detects that LaTeX or another program has
              found an error which will not be resolved by further processing,
              no further processing is carried out.

       -f-    Turn off the forced processing-past-errors such as is set by the
              -f option.  This could be used to override a setting in  a  con-
              figuration file.

       -g     Force  latexmk  to process document fully, even under situations
              where latexmk would normally  decide  that  no  changes  in  the
              source  files have occurred since the previous run.  This option
              is useful, for example, if you change some options and  wish  to
              reprocess the files.

       -g-    Turn off -g.

       -gg    "Super go mode" or "clean make": clean out generated files as if
              -C had been given, and then do a regular make.

       -h, -help
              Print help information.

       -l     Run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode for the preview-
              ers  and  the  dvi to postscript converters.  This option is not
              normally needed  nowadays,  since  current  previewers  normally
              determine this information automatically.

       -l-    Turn off -l.

       -latex='command'
              This sets the string specifying the command to run latex, and is
              typically used to add desired options.  Since  the  string  nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latex -latex='latex --shell-escape %O %S'  foo.tex

              The  specification of the contents of the string are the same as
              for the $latex configuration variable.  Depending on your  oper-
              ating  system  and the command-line shell you are using, you may
              need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or  something
              else).

              To set the command for running pdflatex (rather than the command
              for latex) see the -pdflatex option.

              Note that the effect of this option  can  also  be  achieved  by
              using the -e option with a suitable line of Perl code to set the
              $latex variable.  See the explanation of the -e option.

       -new-viewer
              When in continuous-preview mode, always start a  new  viewer  to
              view  the generated file.  By default, latexmk will, in continu-
              ous-preview mode, test for a previously  running  previewer  for
              the same file and not start a new one if a previous previewer is



                                9 December 2011                              7





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              running.  However, its test sometimes fails (notably if there is
              an  already-running previewer that is viewing a file of the same
              name as the current file, but in a different  directory).   This
              option turns off the default behavior.

       -new-viewer-
              The  inverse  of the -new-viewer option.  It puts latexmk in its
              normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for an
              already-running previewer.

       -nobibtex
              Never run bibtex or biber.

              A  common  use  for this option is when a document comes from an
              external source, complete with its bbl  file(s),  and  the  user
              does  not  have  the corresponding bib files available.  In this
              situation use of the -nobibtex option will prevent latexmk  from
              trying to run bibtex or biber, which would result in overwriting
              of the bbl files.

       -norc  Turn off the automatic reading of initialization (rc) files.

              N.B. Normally the initialization files are read and obeyed,  and
              then  command  line  options  are  obeyed  in the order they are
              encountered.  Then -norc is an exception to  this  rule:  it  is
              acted on first, no matter where is occurs on the command line.


       -outdir=FOO or -output-directory=FOO

              Sets  the  directory  for  the output files of (pdf)latex.  This
              achieves  its  effect  by  the   -output-directory   option   of
              (pdf)latex,  which  currently  (Dec. 2011) is implemented on the
              common versions of (pdf)latex, i.e., MiKTeX and TeXLive.  It may
              not be present in other versions.

              See  also  the -auxdir/-aux-directory options, and the $aux_dir,
              $out_dir, and $search_path_separator configuration variables  of
              latexmk.



       -p     Print  out  the  document.   By  default  it  is  the  generated
              postscript file that is printed.  But you can use the -print=...
              option  to  print the dvi or pdf files instead, and you can con-
              figure this in a start up file (by setting the $print_type vari-
              able).

              However,  printing  is  enabled by default only under UNIX/LINUX
              systems, where the default is to use the lpr command.   In  gen-
              eral,  the  correct  behavior  for printing very much depends on
              your system's software.  In  particular,  under  MS-Windows  you
              must  have suitable program(s) available, and you must have con-
              figured the print commands used by latexmk.  This  can  be  non-
              trivial.   See  the  documentation  on  the  $lpr, $lpr_dvi, and



                                9 December 2011                              8





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              $lpr_pdf configuration variables to see how to set the  commands
              for printing.

              This option is incompatible with the -pv and -pvc options, so it
              turns them off.

       -pdf   Generate pdf version of document using pdflatex.

       -pdfdvi
              Generate pdf version of document from the dvi file,  by  default
              using dvipdf.

       -pdfps Generate  pdf  version  of document from the ps file, by default
              using ps2pdf.

       -pdf-  Turn off generation of pdf version of document.   (This  can  be
              used  to override a setting in a configuration file.  It may get
              overridden if some other option requires the generation of a pdf
              file.)

       -pdflatex='command'
              This sets the string specifying the command to run pdflatex, and
              is typically used to add desired options.  Since the string nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latex   -pdf   -pdflatex='pdflatex  --shell-escape  %O  %S'
              foo.tex

              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
              for  the  $pdflatex  configuration  variable.  Depending on your
              operating system and the command-line shell you are  using,  you
              may  need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or some-
              thing else).

              To set the command for running latex (rather  than  the  command
              for pdflatex) see the -latex option.

              Note  that  the  effect  of  this option can also be achieved by
              using the -e option with a suitable line of Perl code to set the
              $pdflatex variable. See the explanation of the -e option.

       -print=dvi, -print=ps, -print=pdf
              Define  which kind of file is printed.  This option also ensures
              that the requisite file is made, and  turns  on  printing.   The
              default is to print a postscript file.

       -ps    Generate postscript version of document.

       -ps-   Turn off generation of postscript version of document.  This can
              be used to override a setting in a configuration file.  (It  may
              get  overridden  by some other option that requires a postscript
              file, for example a request for printing.)

       -pF    Postscript file filtering.  The argument to  this  option  is  a
              filter  which  will generate a filtered postscript file with the



                                9 December 2011                              9





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              extension ".psF".  All extra processing (e.g. preview, printing)
              will then be performed on this filtered postscript file.

              Example of usage: Use psnup to print two pages on the one page:

                   latexmk -ps -pF 'psnup -2' foo.tex

              or

                   latexmk -ps -pF "psnup -2" foo.tex

              Whether to use single or double quotes round the "psnup -2" will
              depend on your command interpreter, as used  by  the  particular
              version of perl and the operating system on your computer.

       -pv    Run  file  previewer.   If  the  -view option is used, this will
              select the kind of file to be previewed (dvi, ps or pdf).   Oth-
              erwise  the viewer views the "highest" kind of file selected, by
              the -dvi, -ps, -pdf, -pdfps options, in the order dvi,  ps,  pdf
              (low  to high).  If no file type has been selected, the dvi pre-
              viewer will be used.  This option is incompatible  with  the  -p
              and -pvc options, so it turns them off.

       -pv-   Turn off -pv.

       -pvc   Run  a  file  previewer  and  continually  update the .dvi, .ps,
              and/or .pdf files whenever changes are made to source files (see
              the  Description  above).  Which of these files is generated and
              which is viewed is governed by the other  options,  and  is  the
              same  as for the -pv option.  The preview-continuous option -pvc
              can only work with one file.  So in this case you will  normally
              only  specify  one  filename  on  the  command line.  It is also
              incompatible with the -p and -pv  options,  so  it  turns  these
              options off.

              The  -pvc  option also turns off force mode (-f), as is normally
              best for continuous preview mode.   If  you  really  want  force
              mode, use the options in the order -pvc -f.

              With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
              (Under some but not all versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch"  does
              this  for  postscript  files; this can be set by a configuration
              variable.  This would also work for  pdf  files  except  for  an
              apparent  bug  in gv that causes an error when the newly updated
              pdf file is read.)  Many other previewers  will  need  a  manual
              update.

              Important note: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf
              file, and prevents new versions being written, so it  is  a  bad
              idea  to  use  acroread  to view pdf files in preview-continuous
              mode.  It is better to use a dvi or ps viewer, as set by one  of
              the -view=dvi and -view=ps options.

              There  are  some  other methods for arranging an update, notably
              useful for many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are  best  set



                                9 December 2011                             10





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              in latexmk's configuration; see below.

              Note  that  if  latexmk  dies  or  is  stopped  by the user, the
              "forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations
              with  the  -pvc option will not fork new previewers, but latexmk
              will normally use the existing previewer.  (At least  this  will
              happen  when  latexmk is running under an operating system where
              it knows how to determine whether an existing previewer is  run-
              ning.)

       -pvc-  Turn off -pvc.

       -quiet Same as -silent

       -r <rcfile>
              Read  the  specified initialization file ("RC file") before pro-
              cessing.

              Be careful about the ordering: (1) Standard initialization files
              --  see  the section below on "Configuration/initialization (RC)
              files" -- are read first.  (2) Then the options on  the  command
              line  are acted on in the order they are given.  Therefore if an
              initialization file is specified by the -r option,  it  is  read
              during  this second step.  Thus an initialization file specified
              with the -r option can override both the standard initialization
              files and previously specified options.  But all of these can be
              overridden by later options.

              The contents of the RC file just comprise a piece of code in the
              Perl  programming  language  (typically a sequence of assignment
              statements); they are executed when the -r option is encountered
              during latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -e option
              for a way of giving initialization code  directly  on  latexmk's
              command  line.   An error results in latexmk stopping.  Multiple
              instances of the -r and -e options can be  used,  and  they  are
              executed in the order they appear on the command line.

       -recorder
              Use  the  -recorder  option  with latex and pdflatex.  In (most)
              modern versions of these programs, this results  in  a  file  of
              extension  .fls  containing  a list of the files that these pro-
              grams have read and written.  Latexmk will then use this file to
              improve  its detection of source files and generated files after
              a run of latex or pdflatex.

              For further information, see the documentation for the $recorder
              configuration variable.

       -recorder-
              Do not use the -recorder option with latex and pdflatex.

       -rules Show a list of latemk's rules and dependencies after processing.

       -rules-
              Do not show a list of latexmk's  rules  and  dependencies  after
              processing.  (This is the default.)



                                9 December 2011                             11





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       -silent
              Run commands silently, i.e., with options that reduce the amount
              of diagnostics generated.  For example, with  the  default  set-
              tings,  the  command  "latex -interaction=batchmode" is used for
              latex.

              Also reduce the number of informational  messages  that  latexmk
              generates.

              To  change  the  options used to make the commands run silently,
              you need to configure latexmk with changed values of its config-
              uration    variables,    the    relevant    ones   being   $bib-
              tex_silent_switch,  $biber_silent_switch,  $dvips_silent_switch,
              $latex_silent_switch, and $pdflatex_silent_switch.

       -use-make
              When  after a run of latex or pdflatex, there are warnings about
              missing files (e.g., as requested by the LaTeX \input, \include,
              and  \includgraphics),  latexmk  tries  to make them by a custom
              dependency. If no relevant custom dependency with an appropriate
              source  file  is found, and if the -use-make option is set, then
              latexmk will try as a resort using the make program  to  try  to
              make the missing files.

              Note  that  the  filename may be specified without an extension,
              e.g., by \includegraphics{drawing} in a  LaTeX  file.   In  that
              case,  latexmk  will try making drawing.ext with ext set in turn
              to the possible extensions that are relevant for  latex  (or  as
              appropriate pdflatex).

              See  also  the documentation for the $use_make_for_missing_files
              configuration variable.

       -use-make-
              Do not use the make  program  to  try  to  make  missing  files.
              (Default.)

       -v, -version
              Print version number of latexmk.

       -verbose
              Opposite of -silent.  This is the default setting.

       -view=default, -view=dvi, -view=ps, -view=pdf
              Set the kind of file used when previewing is requested (e.g., by
              the -pv or -pvc switches).  The default is to view the "highest"
              kind of requested file (in the order dvi, ps, pdf).

       The  preview-continuous option -pvc can only work with one file.  So in
       this case you will normally only specify one filename  on  the  command
       line.

       Options  -p,  -pv  and  -pvc  are mutually exclusive.  So each of these
       options turns the others off.





                                9 December 2011                             12





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


EXAMPLES
       % latexmk thesis    # run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references

       % latexmk -pvc -ps thesis# run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references, make a postscript
                           file, start a previewer.  Then
                           watch for changes in the source
                           file thesis.tex and any files it
                           uses.  After any changes rerun latex
                           the appropriate number of times and
                           remake the postscript file.  If latex
                           encounters an error, latexmk will
                           keep running, watching for
                           source file changes.

       % latexmk -c        # remove .aux, .log, .bbl, .blg, .dvi,
                           .pdf, .ps & .bbl files



CONFIGURATION/INITIALIZATION (RC) FILES
       Latexmk can be customized using initialization files, which are read at
       startup in the following order:

       1) The system RC file, if it exists.
          On a UNIX system, latexmk searches for following places for its sys-
       tem RC file, in the following order, and reads the first it finds:
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk/LatexMk".
          On a MS-WINDOWS system it looks for "C:\latexmk\LatexMk".
          On a cygwin system (i.e., a MS-Windows system in which perl is
          that of cygwin), latexmk reads for the first it finds of
          "/cygdrive/c/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk/LatexMk".

       2) The user's RC file, "$HOME/.latexmkrc", if it exists.  Here $HOME is
       the  value  of  the  environment  variable  HOME.   On  UNIX and clones
       (including LINUX), this variable is set by the system;  on  MS-Windows,
       the user may choose to set it.

       3)  The  RC  file  in  the current working directory.  This file can be
       named either "latexmkrc" or ".latexmkrc", and the first of these to  be
       found is used, if any.

       4) Any RC file(s) specified on the command line with the -r option.

       Each RC file is a sequence of Perl commands.  Naturally, a user can use
       this in creative ways.  But  for  most  purposes,  one  simply  uses  a
       sequence  of  assignment  statements that override some of the built-in
       settings of Latexmk.  Straightforward  cases  can  be  handled  without
       knowledge  of  the Perl language by using the examples in this document
       as templates.  Comment lines are introduced by the "#" character.



                                9 December 2011                             13





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       Note that command line options are obeyed in the order  in  which  they
       are written; thus any RC file specified on the command line with the -r
       option can override previous options but can be  itself  overridden  by
       later  options on the command line.  There is also the -e option, which
       allows initialization code to be specified in latexmk's command line.

        For possible examples of code for in an RC  file,  see  the  directory
       example_rcfiles    in   the   distribution   of   latexmk   (e.g.,   at
       http://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).


HOW TO SET VARIABLES IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       The important variables that can be configured  are  described  in  the
       section  "List  of  configuration  variables  usable  in initialization
       files".  Syntax for setting these variables is of the following forms:

                           $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';

       for the setting of a string variable,

                           $preview_mode = 1;

       for the setting of a numeric variable, and

                           @default_files = ('paper', 'paper1');

       for the setting of an array of strings.  It is possible  to  append  an
       item to an array variable as follows:

                           push @default_files, 'paper2';

       Note  that  simple  "scalar"  variables  have names that begin with a $
       character and array variables have names that begin with a @ character.
       Each statement ends with a semicolon.

       Strings  should  be  enclosed  in single quotes.  (You could use double
       quotes, as in many programming languages.  But then the  Perl  program-
       ming  language  brings  into  play some special rules for interpolating
       variables into strings.  People not fluent in Perl will want  to  avoid
       these complications.)

       You  can do much more complicated things, but for this you will need to
       consult a manual for the Perl programming language.




FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS
       Some of the variables set the commands that latexmk uses  for  carrying
       out  its work, for example to generate a dvi file from a tex file or to
       view a postscript file.  This section describes some important features
       of how the commands are specified.

       Placeholders:  Supposed you wanted latexmk to use the command elatex in
       place of the regular latex  command,  and  suppose  moreover  that  you
       wanted  to  give  it the option "--shell-escape".  You could do this by



                                9 December 2011                             14





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       the following setting:

            $latex = 'elatex --shell-escape %O %S';

       The two items starting with the % character  are  placeholders.   These
       are  substituted by appropriate values before the command is run.  Thus
       %S will be replaced by the source file that elatex will be applied  to,
       and  %O will be replaced by any options that latexmk has decided to use
       for this command.  (E.g., if you  used  the  -silent  option  it  would
       replace %O by "-interaction=batchmode".)

       The available placeholders are:

       %B     base  of  filename  for  current command.  E.g., if a postscript
              file document.ps is being made from the dvi  file  document.dvi,
              then the basename is document.

       %D     destination  file  (e.g.,  the  name of the postscript file when
              converting a dvi file to postscript).

       %O     options

       %R     root filename.  This is the base name for the main tex file.

       %S     source file (e.g., the name of the dvi file  when  converting  a
              dvi file to ps).

       %T     The name of the primary tex file.  %Y Name of directory for aux-
              iliary output files (see the configuration  variable  $aux_dir).
              A  directory  separation character ('/') is appended if $aux_dir
              is non-empty and does not end  in  a  suitable  character,  with
              suitable  characters being those appropriate to UNIX and MS-Win-
              dows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.  %Z Name of directory  for  output
              files  (see  the  configuration variable $out_dir).  A directory
              separation character ('/') is appended if $out_dir is  non-empty
              and  does not end in a suitable character, with suitable charac-
              ters being those appropriate to UNIX and MS-Windows, i.e.,  ':',
              '/' and '\'.

       If  for  some  reason you need a literal % character in your string not
       subject to the above rules, use a pair of these characters.  Thus  with
       the  command  specification  $ps_previewer = 'latex -ad=%%Sfile.ad %S',
       the %%S will become %S when the command is executed, but the %S will be
       replaced  by  the source filename, which in this case would be the name
       of a postscript file to be viewed.

       Appropriate quoting will be applied to the filename  substitutions,  so
       you  mustn't  supply  them  yourself even if you the names of your have
       spaces in them.  (But if your TeX filenames have spaces in them, beware
       that many versions of the TeX program cannot correctly handle filenames
       containing spaces.)  In case latexmk's quoting does not work  correctly
       on  your  system,  you can turn it off -- see the documentation for the
       variable $quote_filenames.

       The distinction between %B and %R needs a bit of care, since  they  are
       often  the same, but not always.  For example on a simple document, the



                                9 December 2011                             15





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       basename of a bibtex run is the same as for the texfile.  But in a doc-
       ument  with  several bibliographies, the bibliography files will have a
       variety of names.  Since bibtex is invoked with  the  basename  of  the
       bibliography  file, the setting for the bibtex command should therefore
       be

            $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';

       Generally, you should use %B rather than %R.  Similarly for  most  pur-
       poses,  the name %T of the primary texfile is not a useful placeholder.

       See the default values in the section "List of configuration  variables
       usable in initialization files" for what is normally the most appropri-
       ate usage.

       If you omit to supply any placeholders whatever in the specification of
       a  command,  latexmk will supply what its author thinks are appropriate
       defaults.  This gives compatibility with configuration files for previ-
       ous versions of latexmk, which didn't use placeholders.

       "Detaching"  a  command: Normally when latexmk runs a command, it waits
       for the command to run to completion.  This is appropriate for commands
       like latex, of course.  But for previewers, the command should normally
       run detached, so that latexmk  gets  the  previewer  running  and  then
       returns to its next task (or exits if there is nothing else to do).  To
       achieve this effect of detaching a command, you  need  to  precede  the
       command name with "start ", as in

            $dvi_previewer = 'start xdvi %O %S';

       This  will  be translated to whatever is appropriate for your operating
       system.

       Notes: (1) In some circumstances,  latex  will  always  run  a  command
       detached.  This is the case for a previewer in preview continuous mode,
       since otherwise previewing continuously makes no sense.  (2) This  pre-
       cludes  the  possibility  of running a command named start.  (3) If the
       word start occurs more than  once  at  the  beginning  of  the  command
       string,  that is equivalent to having just one.  (4) Under cygwin, some
       complications happen, since cygwin amounts to a complicated merging  of
       UNIX  and  MS-Windows.   See  the  source code for how I've handled the
       problem.

       Command names containing spaces: Under MS-Windows it is common that the
       name of a command includes spaces, since software is often installed in
       a subdirectory of "C:\Program Files".  Such  command  names  should  be
       enclosed in double quotes, as in

            $lpr_pdf  =  '"c:/Program  Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe"  /p
       %S';
            $pdf_previewer   =   'start   "c:/Program   Files/SumatraPDF/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';
            $pdf_previewer  =  'start "c:/Program Files/SumatraPDF (x86)/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';





                                9 December 2011                             16





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       (Note about the above example: Forward slashes are equivalent to  back-
       slashes  in  filenames  under MS-Windows, provided that the filename is
       inside double quotes.  It is easier to use forward slashes in  examples
       like  the  one  above,  since then one does not have to worry about the
       rules for dealing with forward slashes in  strings  in  the  Perl  lan-
       guage.)

       Command  names  under  Cygwin: If latexmk is executed by Cygwin's perl,
       be particularly certain that pathnames in commands have forward slashes
       not  the  usual  backslashes  for the separator of pathname components.
       See the above examples.  Backslashes often get  misinterpreted  by  the
       Unix shell used by Cygwin's Perl to execute external commands.  Forward
       slashes don't suffer from this problem, and (when quoted, as above) are
       equally acceptable to MS-Windows.

       Using  MS-Windows  file  associations: A useful trick under modern ver-
       sions of MS-Windows (e.g., WinXP) is to use just the command 'start' by
       itself:

            $dvi_previewer = 'start %S';

       Under recent versions of MS-Windows, this will cause to be run whatever
       program the system has associated with dvi files.   (The  same  applies
       for a postscript viewer and a pdf viewer.)  But note that this trick is
       not always suitable for the pdf previwer, if your system  has  acroread
       for the default pdf viewer.  As explained elsewhere, acroread under MS-
       Windows does not work well with latex  and  latexmk,  because  acroread
       locks the pdf file.

       Not using a certain command: If a command is not to be run, the command
       name NONE is used, as in

            $lpr  = 'NONE lpr';

       This typically is used when an appropriate command does  not  exist  on
       your system.  The string after the "NONE" is effectively a comment.

       Options to commands: Setting the name of a command can be used not only
       for changing the name of the command called, but also to add options to
       command.   Suppose  you  want latexmk to use latex with source specials
       enabled.  Then you might use the following line  in  an  initialization
       file:

            $latex = 'latex --src-specials %O %S';


       Advanced  tricks:  Normally one specifies a single command for the com-
       mands invoked by latexmk.  Naturally,  if  there  is  some  complicated
       additional processing you need to do in your special situation, you can
       write a script (or batch file) to do the processing, and then configure
       latexmk to use your script in place of the standard program.

       It is also possible to configure latexmk to run multiple commands.  For
       example, if when running pdflatex to generate a pdf  file  from  a  tex
       file  you  need  to  run another program after pdflatex to perform some
       extra processing, you could do something like:



                                9 December 2011                             17





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


            $pdflatex = 'pdflatex --shell-escape  %O  %S;  pst2pdf_for_latexmk
       %B';

       This  definition  assumes you are using a UNIX-like system, so that the
       two commands to be run are separated by the semicolon in the middle  of
       the string.



LIST OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES USABLE IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       Default values are indicated in brackets.

       $always_view_file_via_temporary [0]
              Whether ps and pdf files are initially to be made in a temporary
              directory and then moved to the final location.   (This  applies
              to dvips, dvipdf, and ps2pdf operations, and the filtering oper-
              ators on dvi and ps files.   It  does  not  apply  to  pdflatex,
              unfortunately.)

              This use of a temporary file solves a problem that the making of
              these files can occupy a substantial time.   If  a  viewer  sees
              that  the  file has changed, it reads the new file, and this can
              cause havoc if the program writing the file has not yet finished
              its work.

              See the $pvc_view_file_via_temporary variable for a setting that
              applies only if preview-continuous mode (-pvc option)  is  used.
              See $tmpdir for the setting of the directory where the temporary
              file is created.


       $auto_rc_use [1]
              Whether to automatically read the standard  initialization  (rc)
              files, which are the system RC file, the user's RC file, and the
              RC file in the current directory.  The command line option -norc
              can  be  used to turn this setting off.  Each RC file could also
              turn this setting off, i.e., it could set $auto_rc_use  to  zero
              to prevent automatic reading of the later RC files.

              This  variable does not affect the reading of RC files specified
              on the command line by the -r option.


       $aux_dir [""]
              The directory in which auxiliary files (aux, log, etc) are to be
              written  by  a  run of (pdf)latex.  If this variable is not set,
              but $out_dir is set, then $aux_dir is set to $out_dir, which  is
              the directory to which general output files are to be written.

              Important  note.   The  effect  of  $aux_dir,  if different from
              $out_dir, is achieved by given  (pdf)latex  the  -aux-directory.
              Currently  (Dec.  2011) this only works on the MiKTeX version of
              (pdf)latex.


       $banner [0]
              If nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page  when
              converting  the  dvi  file to postscript.  Without modifying the



                                9 December 2011                             18





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              variable $banner_message, this is equivalent to  specifying  the
              -d option.

              Note that if $banner is nonzero, the $postscript_mode is assumed
              and the postscript file is always generated, even if it is newer
              than the dvi file.

       $banner_intensity [0.95]
              Equivalent to the -bi option, this is a decimal number between 0
              and 1 that specifies how dark to print the banner message. 0  is
              black, 1 is white.  The default is just right if your toner car-
              tridge isn't running too low.

       $banner_message ["DRAFT"]
              The banner message to print across each page when converting the
              dvi file to postscript.  This is equivalent to the -bm option.

       $banner_scale [220.0]
              A  decimal  number  that  specifies how large the banner message
              will be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the  right
              scale  for  your message, as a rule of thumb the scale should be
              about equal to 1100 divided by the number of characters  in  the
              message.   The  Default  is just right for 5 character messages.
              This is equivalent to the -bs option.

       @BIBINPUTS
              This is an array variable, now mostly obsolete,  that  specifies
              directories  where  latexmk  should  look  for  .bib  files.  By
              default it is set from the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the
              operating  system.   If  that environment variable is not set, a
              single element list consisting of the current directory is  set.
              The format of the directory names depends on your operating sys-
              tem, of course.  Examples for setting this variable are:

                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "\\server\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "//server/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "/usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib" );

              Note that under MS Windows, either a  forward  slash  "/"  or  a
              backward  slash "\" can be used to separate pathname components,
              so the first two and the second  two  examples  are  equivalent.
              Each  backward slash should be doubled to avoid running afoul of
              Perl's rules for writing strings.

       Important note: This variable is now mostly  obsolete  in  the  current
       version of latexmk, since it has a better method of searching for files
       using the kpsewhich command.  However, if your system is an unusual one
       without the kpsewhich command, you may need to set the variable @BIBIN-
       PUTS.

       $biber ["biber %O %S"]
              The biber processing program.

       $biber_silent_switch ["--onlylog"]
              Switch(es) for the biber processing program when silent mode  is
              on.



                                9 December 2011                             19





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       $bibtex ["bibtex %O %S"]
              The BibTeX processing program.

       $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
              Switch(es) for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $bibtex_use [1]
              Under what conditions to run BibTeX or biber.  When latexmk dis-
              covers  from the log file that one (or more) BibTeX/biber-gener-
              ated bibliographies are used, it can run BibTeX or  biber  when-
              ever  it  appears  necessary  to regenerate the bbl file(s) from
              their source bib database file(s).

              But sometimes, the bib file(s) are not available  (e.g.,  for  a
              document  obtained  from an external archive), but the bbl files
              are provided.  In that case use of BibTeX or biber  will  result
              in  incorrect  overwriting of the precious bbl files.  The vari-
              able $bibtex_use controls whether this  happens.   Its  possible
              values are: 0: never use BibTeX or biber.  1: only use BibTeX or
              biber if the bib files exist.  2: run BibTeX or  biber  whenever
              it  appears  necessary  to update the bbl files, without testing
              for the existence of the bib files.

       $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated [0]
              If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files  that  are
              generated by custom dependencies.  (When doing a clean up, e.g.,
              by use of the -C option, custom dependencies are those listed in
              the .fdb_latexmk file from a previous run.)

       $cleanup_includes_generated [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
              detected in log file as being generated (see the \openout  lines
              in  the  log  file).  It will also include files made from these
              first generation generated files.

       $cleanup_mode [0]
              If nonzero, specifies cleanup mode: 1 for full  cleanup,  2  for
              cleanup  except  for dvi, ps and pdf files, 3 for cleanup except
              for dep and aux files.  (There is also extra cleaning as  speci-
              fied  by  the  $clean_ext,  $clean_full_ext  and @generated_exts
              variables.)

       This variable is equivalent to specifying one of the -c or -C  options.
       But there should be no need to set this variable from an RC file.

       $clean_ext [""]
              Extra  extensions of files for latexmk to remove when any of the
              clean-up options (-c or -C) is  selected.   The  value  of  this
              variable  is  a  string  containing  the extensions separated by
              spaces.

              It is also possible to specify a more general pattern of file to
              be  deleted, by using the place holder %R, as in commands.  Thus
              setting

                 $clean_ext = "out %R-blx.bib";




                                9 December 2011                             20





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              in an initialization file will imply that when a clean-up opera-
              tion  is  specified,  not  only  is  the  standard  set of files
              deleted, but also files of the  form  FOO.out  and  FOO-blx.bib,
              where  FOO  stands  for the basename of the file being processed
              (as in FOO.tex).


       $clean_full_ext [""]
              Extra extensions of files for latexmk  to  remove  when  the  -C
              option is selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove when the
              .dvi, etc files are to be cleaned-up.

       @cus_dep_list [()]
              Custom dependency list -- see section on "Custom  Dependencies".

       @default_files [("*.tex")]
              Default list of files to be processed.

              Normally,  if  no  filenames  are specified on the command line,
              latexmk processes all tex files specified in the  @default_files
              variable,  which by default is set to all tex files ("*.tex") in
              the current directory.  This is a convenience: just run  latexmk
              and  it will process an appropriate set of files.  But sometimes
              you want only some of these files to be processed.  In this case
              you  set the @default_files in an initialization file (e.g., the
              file "latexmkrc" in the current directory).  Then  if  no  files
              are  specified on the command line then the files you specify by
              setting @default_files are processed.

              Three examples:

                   @default_files = ("paper_current");

                   @default_files = ("paper1", "paper2.tex");

                   @default_files = ("*.tex", "*.dtx");

              Note that more than file may be  given,  and  that  the  default
              extension  is  ".tex".  Wild cards are allowed.  The parentheses
              are  because  @default_files  is  an  array  variable,  i.e.,  a
              sequence of filename specifications is possible.

       $dependents_list [0]
              Whether  to  display  a  list(s) of dependencies at the end of a
              run.

       $dvi_filter [empty]
              The dvi file filter to be run on the  newly  produced  dvi  file
              before  other  processing.   Equivalent  to  specifying  the -dF
              option.

       $dvi_mode [See below for default]
              If nonzero, generate a dvi version of the document.   Equivalent
              to the -dvi option.

       The  variable  $dvi_mode defaults to 0, but if no explicit requests are
       made for other types of file (postscript, pdf), then $dvi_mode will  be
       set  to  1.  In addition, if a request for a file for which a .dvi file



                                9 December 2011                             21





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       is a prerequisite, then $dvi_mode will be set to 1.

       $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
              The command to invoke  a  dvi-previewer.   [Default  is  "start"
              under  MS-WINDOWS;  under  more recent versions of Windows, this
              will cause to be run whatever command the system has  associated
              with .dvi files.]

       $dvi_previewer_landscape ["start xdvi %O %S"]
              The  command  to  invoke  a  dvi-previewer  in  landscape  mode.
              [Default is "start" under MS-WINDOWS; under more recent versions
              of  Windows, this will cause to be run whatever command the sys-
              tem has associated with .dvi files.]

       $dvipdf ["dvipdf %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert dvi to pdf file.  A common reconfiguration is
              to  use the dvipdfm command, which needs its arguments in a dif-
              ferent order:

                   $dvipdf = "dvipdfm %O -o %D %S";

              WARNING: The default dvipdf  script  generates  pdf  files  with
              bitmapped fonts, which do not look good when viewed by acroread.
              That script should be modified to give  dvips  the  options  "-P
              pdf" to ensure that type 1 fonts are used in the pdf file.

       $dvips ["dvips %O -o %D %S"]
              The  program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a .ps
              file.  If pdf is going to be generated from pdf, then the  value
              of the $dvips_pdf_switch -- see below -- will be included in the
              options substituted for "%O".

       $dvips_landscape ["dvips -tlandscape %O -o %D %S"]
              The program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a  .ps
              file in landscape mode.

       $dvips_pdf_switch ["-P pdf"]
              Switch(es)  for  dvips  program when pdf file is to be generated
              from ps file.

       $dvips_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when silent mode is on.

       $dvi_update_command [""]
              When the dvi previewer is set to be updated by  running  a  com-
              mand,  this is the command that is run.  See the information for
              the variable $dvi_update_method for further information, and see
              information  on  the  variable $pdf_update_method for an example
              for the analogous case of a pdf previewer.

       $dvi_update_method [2 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How the dvi viewer updates its display when  the  dvi  file  has
              changed.     The    values    here    apply   equally   to   the
              $pdf_update_method and to the $ps_update_method variables.
                  0 => update is automatic,
                  1=> manual update by user, which may only mean a mouse click
              on the viewer's window or may mean a more serious action.
                  2  =>  Send  the  signal,  whose  number  is in the variable



                                9 December 2011                             22





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              $dvi_update_signal.  The default value under  UNIX  is  suitable
              for xdvi.
                  3  => Viewer cannot do an update, because it locks the file.
              (As with acroread under MS-Windows.)
                  4 => run a command to do the update.  The command is  speci-
              fied by the variable $dvi_update_command.

              See  information on the variable $pdf_update_method for an exam-
              ple of updating by command.

       $dvi_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGUSR1, which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The number of the signal that is sent to the dvi viewer when  it
              is  updated  by  sending  a signal -- see the information on the
              variable $dvi_update_method.   The  default  value  is  the  one
              appropriate for xdvi on a UNIX system.

       $fdb_ext ["fdb_latexmk"]
              The  extension  of the file which latexmk generates to contain a
              database of information on source files.  You will not  normally
              need to change this.

       $force_mode [0]
              If  nonzero, continue processing past minor latex errors includ-
              ing unrecognized cross references.  Equivalent to specifying the
              -f option.

       @generated_exts  [(  aux  ,  bbl  , idx , ind , lof , lot , out , toc ,
       $fdb_ext )]
              This  contains a list of extensions for files that are generated
              during a LaTeX run and that are read in by LaTeX in later  runs,
              either directly or indirectly.

              This  list  has  two  uses:  (a)  to set the kinds of file to be
              deleted in a cleanup operation (with the -c, -C, -CA, -g and -gg
              options),  and  (b)  in  the determination of whether a rerun of
              (pdf)LaTeX is needed after a run that gives an error.

              (Normally, a change of a source file during a run should provoke
              a  rerun.  This includes a file generated by LaTeX, e.g., an aux
              file, that is read in on subsequent runs.  But after a run  that
              results  in  an error, a new run should occur until the user has
              made a change in the files.  But the user may have corrected  an
              error in a source .tex file during the run.  So latexmk needs to
              distinguish user-generated and automatically generated files; it
              determines  the  automatically  generated  files  as  those with
              extensions in the list in @generated_exts.)

              A convenient way to add an extra extension to the list,  without
              losing  the already defined ones is to use a push command in the
              line in an RC file.  E.g.,

                              push @generated_exts, "end";

              adds the extension "end" to the  list  of  predefined  generated
              extensions.   (This extension is used by the RevTeX package, for
              example.)




                                9 December 2011                             23





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       $go_mode [0]
              If nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is  then
              equivalent to the -g option.

       %hash_calc_ignore_pattern
              !!!This variable is for experts only!!!

              The  general rule latexmk uses for determining when an extra run
              of some program is needed is that one of the  source  files  has
              changed.   But  consider for example a latex package that causes
              an encapsulated postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made  that
              is  to  be read in on the next run.  The file contains a comment
              line giving its creation date and time.  On  the  next  run  the
              time  changes,  latex  sees  that  the eps file has changed, and
              therefore reruns latex.  This causes an infinite loop,  that  is
              only  terminated  becaues  latexmk  has a limit on the number of
              runs to guard against pathological situations.

              But the changing line has no real effect, since it is a comment.
              You can instruct latex to ignore the offending line as follows:

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: ';

              This creates a rule for files with extension .eps about lines to
              ignore.  The left-hand side is a Perl idiom for setting an  item
              in  a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without a
              period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string contain-
              ing  a  regular expresssion.  (See documentation on Perl for how
              they are to be specified in general.)  This  particular  regular
              expression  specifies that lines beginning with "%%CreationDate:
              " are to be ignored in deciding whether  a  file  of  the  given
              extension .eps has changed.

              There  is  only one regular expression available for each exten-
              sion.  If you need more one pattern to specify lines to  ignore,
              then  you  need  to  combine  the patterns into a single regular
              expression.  The simplest method is separate the different  sim-
              ple  patterns  by a vertical bar character (indicating "alterna-
              tion" in the jargon of regular expressions).  For example,

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'}     =      '^%%CreationDate:
              |^%%Title: ';

              causes   lines  starting  with  either  "^%%CreationDate:  "  or
              "^%%Title: " to be ignored.

              It may happen that a pattern to be ignored is specified in,  for
              example,  in  a system or user initialization file, and you wish
              to remove this in a file read later.  To do this, you use perl's
              delete function, e.g.,

                  delete $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'};


       $kpsewhich ["kpsewhich %S"]
              The  program  called to locate a source file when the name alone
              is not sufficient.  Most filenames used by latexmk  have  suffi-
              cient  path  information  to  be found directly.  But sometimes,



                                9 December 2011                             24





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              notably when .bib files are found from the log file of a  bibtex
              or  biber  run, the name of the file, but not its path is known.
              The program specified by $kpsewhich is used to find it.

              See also the @BIBINPUTS variable for another  way  that  latexmk
              also uses to try to locate files; it applies only in the case of
              .bib files.

       $landscape_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode pre-
              viewers  and dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the -l
              option.  Normally not needed with current previewers.

       $latex ["latex %O %S"]
              The LaTeX processing program.  Note that as with other programs,
              you  can  use  this  variable not just to change the name of the
              program used, but also specify options to the program.  E.g.,

                                  $latex = "latex --src-specials";

       %latex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that a LaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has not
              been found, and the file is given without  an  extension.   This
              typically  happens  when LaTeX commands of the form \input{file}
              or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source file  does
              not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified  by the variable %latex_input_extensions.  The default
              extensions are 'tex' and 'eps'.

              (For Perl experts: %latex_input_extensions is a hash whose  keys
              are  the  extensions.   The values are irrelevant.)  Two subrou-
              tines are provided for manipulating this and the  related  vari-
              able      %pdflatex_input_extensions,      add_input_ext     and
              remove_input_ext.  They are used as in  the  following  examples
              are possible lines in an initialization file:

                  remove_input_ext( 'latex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from latex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'latex', 'asdf' );

              add  the  extension 'asdf to latex_input_extensions.  (Naturally
              with such an extension, you should have made an appropriate cus-
              tom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the appro-
              priate programming in the LaTeX source file to enable  the  file
              to  be  read.   The standard extensions are handled by LaTeX and
              its graphics/graphicx packages.


       $latex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the LaTeX processing program when silent mode  is
              on.




                                9 December 2011                             25





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              If  you  use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if you configure
              the options to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by  the  following
              line in an initialization file

                $latex_silent_switch   =   "-interaction=batchmode   -c-style-
              errors";


       $lpr ["lpr %O %S" under UNIX/LINUX, "NONE lpr" under MS-WINDOWS]
              The command to print postscript files.

              Under MS-Windows (unlike UNIX/LINUX), there is no standard  pro-
              gram for printing files.  But there are ways you can do it.  For
              example, if you have gsview installed, you could use it with the
              option "/p":

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If gsview is installed in a different directory, you  will  need
              to  make the appropriate change.  Note the combination of single
              and double quotes around the name.  The  single  quotes  specify
              that  this is a string to be assigned to the configuration vari-
              able $lpr.  The double quotes are part of the string  passed  to
              the  operating  system to get the command obeyed; this is neces-
              sary because one part of the command name ("Program Files") con-
              tains a space which would otherwise be misinterpreted.

       $lpr_dvi ["NONE lpr_dvi"]
              The printing program to print dvi files.

       $lpr_pdf ["NONE lpr_pdf"]
              The printing program to print pdf files.

              Under  MS-Windows  you  could  set  this to use gsview, if it is
              installed, e.g.,

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If  gsview  is installed in a different directory, you will need
              to make the appropriate change.  Note the double  quotes  around
              the name: this is necessary because one part of the command name
              ("Program Files") contains a space which would otherwise be mis-
              interpreted.


       $make ["make"]
              The make processing program.


       $makeindex ["makeindex %O -o %D %S"]
              The index processing program.

       $max_repeat [5]
              The  maximum  number  of  times  latexmk will run latex/pdflatex
              before deciding that there may be an infinite loop and  that  it
              needs to bail out, rather than rerunning latex/pdflatex again to
              resolve cross-references, etc.  The  default  value  covers  all
              normal cases.



                                9 December 2011                             26





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              (Note  that  the  "etc"  covers  a lot of cases where one run of
              latex/pdflatex generates files to be read in on a later run.)

       $new_viewer_always [0]
              This variable applies  to  latexmk  only  in  continuous-preview
              mode.  If $new_viewer_always is 0, latexmk will check for a pre-
              viously running previewer on the same file, and if one  is  run-
              ning  will  not  start a new one.  If $new_viewer_always is non-
              zero, this check will be skipped, and latexmk will behave as  if
              no viewer is running.


       $out_dir [""]
              The  directory  in which output files are to be written by a run
              of (pdf)latex.  See also the variable $aux_dir.

              The effect of this variable is achieved by  using  the  -output-
              directory  option  of (pdf)latex.  This exists in the usual cur-
              rent (Dec. 2011) implementations, i.e., MiKTeX and TeXLive.  But
              it may not be present in other versions.



       $pdf_mode [0]
              If  zero,  do  NOT  generate  a pdf version of the document.  If
              equal to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using  pdfla-
              tex.  If equal to 2, generate a pdf version of the document from
              the ps file, by using the command specified by the $ps2pdf vari-
              able.   If  equal  to  3, generate a pdf version of the document
              from the dvi file, by using the command specified by the $dvipdf
              variable.

              Equivalent to the -pdf-, -pdf, -pdfdvi, -pdfps options.

       $pdflatex ["pdflatex %O %S"]
              The  LaTeX  processing  program  in the version that makes a pdf
              file instead of a dvi file.

       %pdflatex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that  a pdfLaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has
              not been found, and the file  is  given  without  an  extension.
              This   typically   happens  when  LaTeX  commands  of  the  form
              \input{file}  or  \includegraphics{figure},  when  the  relevant
              source file does not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified   by  the  variable  %pdflatex_input_extensions.   The
              default extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              (For Perl experts: %pdflatex_input_extensions is  a  hash  whose
              keys  are the extensions.  The values are irrelevant.)  Two sub-
              routines are provided for  manipulating  this  and  the  related
              variable      %latex_input_extensions,     add_input_ext     and
              remove_input_ext.  They are used as in  the  following  examples
              are possible lines in an initialization file:




                                9 December 2011                             27





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


                  remove_input_ext( 'pdflatex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from pdflatex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'pdflatex', 'asdf' );

              add  the  extension  'asdf to pdflatex_input_extensions.  (Natu-
              rally with such an extension, you should have made an  appropri-
              ate custom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the
              appropriate programming in the LaTeX source file to  enable  the
              file  to be read.  The standard extensions are handled by pdfla-
              tex and its graphics/graphicx packages.)


       $pdflatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the pdflatex program (specified in  the  variable
              $pdflatex when silent mode is on.

              If  you  use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if you configure
              the options to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by  the  following
              line in an initialization file

                $latex_silent_switch   =   "-interaction=batchmode   -c-style-
              errors";


       $pdf_previewer ["start acroread %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a pdf-previewer.  [Default is  changed  to
              "start"  on  MS-WINDOWS;  under more recent versions of Windows,
              this will cause to be run whatever command the system has  asso-
              ciated with .pdf files.]

              WARNING: Potential problem under MS-Windows: if acroread is used
              as the pdf previewer, and it is actually viewing a pdf file, the
              pdf file cannot be updated.  Thus makes acroread a bad choice of
              previewer if you use latexmk's previous-continuous mode  (option
              -pvc)   under  MS-windows.   This  problem  does  not  occur  if
              ghostview, gv or gsview is used to view pdf files.

       $pdf_update_command [""]
              When the pdf previewer is set to be updated by  running  a  com-
              mand,  this is the command that is run.  See the information for
              the variable $pdf_update_method.

       $pdf_update_method [1 under UNIX, 3 under MS-Windows]
              How the pdf viewer updates its display when  the  pdf  file  has
              changed.  See the information on the variable $dvi_update_method
              for the codes.  (Note that information needs be changed slightly
              so  that for the value 4, to run a command to do the update, the
              command is specified by the  variable  $pdf_update_command,  and
              for  the  value  2,  to  specify update by signal, the signal is
              specified by $pdf_update_signal.)

              Note that acroread under MS-Windows (but not UNIX) locks the pdf
              file, so the default value is then 3.

              Arranging to use a command to get a previewer explicitly updated
              requires three variables to be set.  For example:



                                9 December 2011                             28





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


                  $pdf_previewer = "start xpdf -remote %R %O %S";
                  $pdf_update_method = 4;
                  $pdf_update_command = "xpdf -remote %R -reload";

              The first setting arranges for the xpdf program to  be  used  in
              its  "remote server mode", with the server name specified as the
              rootname of the TeX  file.   The  second  setting  arranges  for
              updating to be done in response to a command, and the third set-
              ting sets the update command.


       $pdf_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGHUP,  which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when  it
              is  updated  by  sending  a signal -- see the information on the
              variable $pdf_update_method.   The  default  value  is  the  one
              appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pid_position[1 under UNIX, -1 under MS-Windows]
              The  variable  $pid_position  is  used  to specify which word in
              lines of the output from $pscmd corresponds to the  process  ID.
              The  first word in the line is numbered 0.  The default value of
              1 (2nd word in line) is correct for Solaris 2.6 and Linux.  Set-
              ting  the  variable to -1 is used to indicate that $pscmd is not
              to be used.

       $postscript_mode [0]
              If nonzero, generate  a  postscript  version  of  the  document.
              Equivalent to the -ps option.

       If  some  other  request is made for which a postscript file is needed,
       then $postscript_mode will be set to 1.

       $preview_continuous_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to view the document,  and  continue
              running latexmk to keep .dvi up-to-date.  Equivalent to the -pvc
              option.  Which previewer is run depends on the  other  settings,
              see the command line options -view=, and the variable $view.

       $preview_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to preview the document.  Equivalent
              to the -pv option.  Which previewer is run depends on the  other
              settings,  see the command line options -view=, and the variable
              $view.

       $printout_mode [0]
              If nonzero, print the document using lpr.  Equivalent to the  -p
              option.  This is recommended not to be set from an RC file, oth-
              erwise you could waste lots of paper.

       $print_type = ["ps"]
              Type of file  to  printout:  possibilities  are  "dvi",  "none",
              "pdf", or "ps".

       $pscmd Command used to get all the processes currently run by the user.
              The -pvc option uses  the  command  specified  by  the  variable
              $pscmd  to  determine  if there is an already running previewer,
              and to find the process ID (needed if latexmk  needs  to  signal



                                9 December 2011                             29





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              the previewer about file changes).

              Each line of the output of this command is assumed to correspond
              to one process.  See the $pid_position variable for how the pro-
              cess number is determined.

              The  default  for  pscmd  is  "NONE" under MS-Windows and cygwin
              (i.e.,  the  command  is  not  used),  "ps  --width  200  -f  -u
              $ENV{USER}"  under  linux,  "ps  -ww -u $ENV{USER}" under darwin
              (Macintosh OS-X), and "ps -f -u $ENV{USER}" under other  operat-
              ing  systems (including other flavors of UNIX).  In these speci-
              fications "$ENV{USER}" is substituted by the username.

       $ps2pdf ["ps2pdf %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert ps to pdf file.

       $ps_filter [empty]
              The postscript file filter to  be  run  on  the  newly  produced
              postscript file before other processing.  Equivalent to specify-
              ing the -pF option.

       $ps_previewer ["start gv %O %S", but "start %O %S" under MS-WINDOWS]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer.  (The  default  under  MS-
              WINDOWS  will  cause  to  be run whatever command the system has
              associated with .ps files.)

              Note that gv could be used with the -watch  option  updates  its
              display  whenever the postscript file changes, whereas ghostview
              does not.  However, different versions of gv have slightly  dif-
              ferent  ways  of  writing  this  option.  You can configure this
              variable apppropriately.

              WARNING: Linux systems may have installed one (or more) versions
              of  gv  under  different  names, e.g., ggv, kghostview, etc, but
              perhaps not one called gv.

       $ps_previewer_landscape ["start gv -swap %O  %S",  but  "start  %O  %S"
       under MS-WINDOWS]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer in landscape mode.

       $ps_update_command [""]
              When the postscript previewer is set to be updated by running  a
              command,  this  is the command that is run.  See the information
              for the variable $ps_update_method.

       $ps_update_method [0 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How the postscript viewer updates its display when the  ps  file
              has    changed.    See   the   information   on   the   variable
              $dvi_update_method for the codes.  (Note that information  needs
              be changed slightly so that for the value 4, to run a command to
              do  the  update,  the  command  is  specified  by  the  variable
              $ps_update_command,  and  for  the value 2, to specify update by
              signal, the signal is specified by $ps_update_signal.)


       $ps_update_signal [Under UNIX:  SIGHUP,  which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when  it



                                9 December 2011                             30





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              is  updated  by  sending a signal -- see $ps_update_method.  The
              default value is the one appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.


       $pvc_view_file_via_temporary [1]
              The same as $always_view_file_via_temporary, except that it only
              applies in preview-continuous mode (-pvc option).


       $quote_filenames [1]
              This specifies whether substitutions for placeholders in command
              specifications  (as  in  $pdflatex)  are  surrounded  by  double
              quotes.   If this variable is 1 (or any other value Perl regards
              as true), then quoting is done.  Otherwise quoting is omitted.

       The quoting method used by latexmk is tested to  work  correctly  under
       UNIX  systems  (including Linux and Mac OS-X) and under MS-Windows.  It
       allows the use of  filenames  containing  special  characters,  notably
       spaces.  (But note that many versions of LaTeX and PdfLaTeX cannot cor-
       rectly deal with TeX files whose names contain spaces.  Latexmk's quot-
       ing only ensures that such filenames are correctly treated by the oper-
       ating system in passing arguments to programs.)

       $recorder [0]
              Whether to use the -recorder option to latex and  pdflatex.  Use
              of  this option results in a file of extension .fls containing a
              list of the files that these programs  have  read  and  written.
              Latexmk  will  then  use  this  file to improve its detection of
              source files and generated files after a run of latex or  pdfla-
              tex.

              It  is generally recommended to use this option (or to configure
              the $recorder  variable  to  be  on.)   But  it  only  works  if
              (pdf)latex supports the -recorder option, which is true for most
              current implementations

              Note about the name of the .fls file:  Most  implementations  of
              (pdf)latex  produce  an  .fls file with the same basename as the
              main document's LaTeX, e.g., for Document.tex, the .fls file  is
              Document.fls.   However,  some  implementations  instead produce
              files named for the program, i.e.,  latex.fls  or  pdflatex.fls.
              In  this  second  case,  latexmk  copies the latex.fls or pdfla-
              tex.fls to a file with the basename of the main LaTeX  document,
              e.g., Document.fls.


       $search_path_separator [See below for default]
              The character separating paths in the environment variables TEX-
              INPUTS, BIBINPUTS, and BSTINPUTS.  This variable is mainly  used
              by  latexmk when the -outdir, -output-directory, -auxdir, and/or
              -aux-directory options are used.  In that case latexmk needs  to
              communicate  appropriately  modified  search  paths  to $bibtex,
              dvipdf, dvips, and (pdf)latex.

              [Comment to technically savvy readers: (pdf)latex doesn't  actu-
              ally  need  the  modified  search  path,  because it corrects it
              internally.  But, surprisingly, dvipdf  and  dvips  do,  because
              sometimes  graphics  files  get  generated  in the output or aux



                                9 December 2011                             31





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              directories.]

              The default under MSWin and Cygwin is ';'  and  under  UNIX-like
              operating  systems  (including Linux and OS-X) is ':'.  Normally
              the defaults give correct behavior.  But there can be  difficul-
              ties  if  your operating system is of one kind, but some of your
              software is running under an emulator  for  the  other  kind  of
              operating  system;  in that case you'll need to find out what is
              needed, and set $search_path_separator  explicitly.   (The  same
              goes,  of  course, for unusual operating systems that are not in
              the MSWin, Linux, OS-X, Unix collection.)


       $sleep_time [2]
              The time to sleep (in seconds) between checking for source  file
              changes when running with the -pvc option.  This is subject to a
              minimum of one second delay, except  that  zero  delay  is  also
              allowed.

              A  value  of  exactly 0 gives no delay, and typically results in
              100% CPU usage, which may not be desirable.

       $texfile_search [""]
              This is an obsolete variable,  replaced  by  the  @default_files
              variable.

              For   backward   compatibility,  if  you  choose  to  set  $tex-
              file_search, it is a string of  space-separated  filenames,  and
              then latexmk replaces @default_files with the filenames in $tex-
              file_search to which is added "*.tex".

       $tmpdir [See below for default]
              Directory to store temporary files  that  latexmk  may  generate
              while running.

              The  default  under  MSWindows  (including  cygwin),  is  to set
              $tmpdir to the value of the first of  whichever  of  the  system
              environment  variables  TMPDIR  or TEMP exists, otherwise to the
              current directory.  Under other operating systems  (expected  to
              be  UNIX/Linux, including OS-X), the default is the value of the
              system environment  variable  TMPDIR  if  it  exists,  otherwise
              "/tmp".

       $use_make_for_missing_files [0]
              Whether to use make to try and make files that are missing after
              a run of latex or pdflatex, and for which  a  custom  dependency
              has  not been found.  This is generally useful only when latexmk
              is used as part of a bigger project which is built by using  the
              make program.

              Note that once a missing file has been made, no further calls to
              make will be made on a subsequent run of latexmk to  update  the
              file.   Handling  this  problem is the job of a suitably defined
              Makefile.  See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for how  to
              do  this.   The intent of calling make from latexmk is merely to
              detect dependencies.

       $view ["default"]
              Which kind of file is to be previewed if a  previewer  is  used.
              The  possible  values  are  "default",  "dvi", "ps", "pdf".  The



                                9 December 2011                             32





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              value of "default" means that the "highest" of the kinds of file
              generated is to be used (among dvi, ps and pdf).


CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In  any RC file a set of custom dependencies can be set up to convert a
       file with one extension to a file with another.  An example use of this
       would be to allow latexmk to convert a .fig file to .eps to be included
       in the .tex file.

       The old method of configuring latexmk was to  directly  manipulate  the
       @cus_dep_list  array  that  contains  information  defining  the custom
       dependencies.  This method still works.  But now there are  subroutines
       that  allow  convenient  manipulations  of  the custom dependency list.
       These are

           add_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension, must, subroutine )
           remove_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension )
           show_cus_dep()

       The custom dependency is a list of rules, each of which is specified as
       follow:

       from extension:
              The  extension  of the file we are converting from (e.g. "fig").
              It is specified without a period.

       to extension:
              The extension of the file we are converting to (e.g. "eps").  It
              is specified without a period.

       must:  If  non-zero,  the file from which we are converting must exist,
              if it doesn't exist latexmk will give an error message and  exit
              unless the -f option is specified.  If must is zero and the file
              we are converting from doesn't exist, then no action is taken.

       function:
              The name of the subroutine that latexmk should call  to  perform
              the  file  conversion.   The first argument to the subroutine is
              the base name of the file to be converted without any extension.
              The  subroutines  are declared in the syntax of Perl.  The func-
              tion should return 0 if it was successful and a  nonzero  number
              if it failed.

       It  is  invoked  whenever  latexmk detects that a run of latex/pdflatex
       needs to read a file, like a graphics file, whose extension is the  to-
       extension of a custom dependency.  Then latexmk examines whether a file
       exists with the same name, but with the  corresponding  from-extension,
       as  specified in the custom-dependency rule.  If it does, then whenever
       the destination file (the one with  the  to-extension)  is  out-of-date
       with respect to the corresponding source file.

       To  make the new destination file, the Perl subroutine specified in the
       rule is invoked, with an argument that is the base name of the files in
       question.   Simple cases just involve a subroutine invoking an external
       program; this can be done by following the  templates  below,  even  by
       those  without  knowledge of the Perl programming language.  Of course,
       experts could do something much more elaborate.

       One other item in each custom-dependency  rule  labelled  "must"  above



                                9 December 2011                             33





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       specifies  how the rule should be applied when the source file fails to
       exist.

       A simple and typical example of code in an initialization rcfile is

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system("fig2dev -Leps $_[0].fig $_[0].eps");
           }

       The first line adds a custom  dependency  that  converts  a  file  with
       extension  "fig",  as  created  by the xfig program, to an encapsulated
       postscript file, with extension "eps".  The remaining  lines  define  a
       subroutine  that  carries out the conversion.  If a rule for converting
       "fig" to "eps" files already exists (e.g., from  a  previously  read-in
       initialization  file),  the latexmk will delete this rule before making
       the new one.

       Suppose latexmk is using this rule to convert a  file  "figure.fig"  to
       "figure.eps".   Then  it  will invoke the fig2eps subroutine defined in
       the above code with a single argument "figure", which is  the  basename
       of  each  of the files (possibly with a path component).  This argument
       is referred to by Perl as $_[0].  In the example above, the  subroutine
       uses the Perl command system to invoke the program fig2dev.  The double
       quotes around the string are a Perl idiom that signify that each string
       of  the  form  of a variable name, $_[0] in this case, is to be substi-
       tuted by its value.

       If the return value of the subroutine is non-zero,  then  latexmk  will
       assume  an  error  occurred during the execution of the subroutine.  In
       the above example, no explicit return value is given, and  instead  the
       return  value  is  the value returned by the last (and only) statement,
       i.e., the invocation of system, which returns the value 0 on success.

       If you use filenames with spaces in them, and if your LaTeX system  and
       all  other  relevant software correctly handle such filenames, then you
       could put single quotes around filenames in the command  line  that  is
       executed:

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system("fig2dev -Lps '$_[0].fig' '$_[0].eps'");
           }

       This  causes the invocation of the fig2dev program to have quoted file-
       names; it should therefore work with filenames containing spaces.  How-
       ever,  not  all  software  deals  correctly with filenames that contain
       spaces.  Moreover, the  rules,  if  any,  for  quoting  filenames  vary
       between  operating  systems,  command  shells  and individual pieces of
       software, so this code may not always work.

       If you use pdflatex instead of latex, then you will probably prefer  to
       convert  your  graphics  files  to  pdf format, in which case you would
       replace the above code in an initialization file by

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'pdf, 0, 'fig2pdf' );
           sub fig2pdf {
               system("fig2dev -Lpdf $_[0].fig $_[0].pdf");
           }




                                9 December 2011                             34





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       If you have some general custom dependencies defined in the  system  or
       user  initialization  file,  you may find that for a particular project
       they are undesirable.  So you might want to delete the  unneeded  ones.
       For example, you remove any "fig" to "eps" rule by the line

           remove_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps' );

       If  you  have  complicated sets of custom dependencies, you may want to
       get a listing of the custom dependencies.  This is done  by  using  the
       line

           show_cus_dep();

       in an initialization file.

       Another  example  of  a  custom  dependency  overcomes  a limitation of
       latexmk concerning index files.  The only index-file conversion  built-
       in to latexmk is from an ".idx" file written on one run of latex/pdfla-
       tex to an ".ind" file to be read in on a subsequent run.  But with  the
       index.sty package you can create extra indexes with extensions that you
       configure.  Latexmk does not know how to deduce the extensions from the
       information it has.  But you can easily write a custom dependency.  For
       example  if  your  latex  file   uses   the   command   "\newindex{spe-
       cial}{ndx}{nnd}{Special index}" you will need to convert files with the
       extension .ndx to .nnd.  The following lines in  an  initialization  RC
       file will cause this to happen:

           add_cus_dep('ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'makendx2nnd');
           sub makendx2nnd {
               system("makeindex -o $_[0].nnd $_[0].ndx");
           }

       (You  will need to modify this code if you use filenames with spaces in
       them, to provide correct quoting of the filenames.)

       Those of you with experience with Makefiles, will undoubtedly  be  con-
       cerned that the .ndx file is written during a run of latex/pdflatex and
       is always later than the .nnd last read in.  Thus the .nnd  appears  to
       be  perpetually out-of-date.  This situation, of circular dependencies,
       is endemic to latex, and latexmk in its current version works correctly
       with  circular dependencies.  It examines the contents of the files (by
       use of an md5 checksum), and only does a remake when the file  contents
       have actually changed.

       Of  course  if you choose to write random data to the .nnd (or and .aux
       file, etc) that changes on each new run, then you will have a  problem.
       For  real experts: See the %hash_cal_ignore_pattern if you have to deal
       with such problems.

       Glossaries can be dealt with similarly.


OLD METHOD OF DEFINING CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In previous versions of latexmk, the only  method  of  defining  custom
       dependencies  was  to directly manipulate the table of custom dependen-
       cies.  This is contained in the @cus_dep_list array.  It is an array of
       strings,  and each string in the array has four items in it, each sepa-
       rated by a space, the  from-extension,  the  to-extension,  the  "must"
       item,  and the name of the subroutine for the custom dependency.  These
       were all defined above.



                                9 December 2011                             35





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       An example of the old method of defining custom dependencies is as fol-
       lows.  It  is  the code in an RC file to ensure automatic conversion of
       .fig files to .eps files:

           push @cus_dep_list, "fig eps 0 fig2eps";
           sub fig2eps {
               system("fig2dev -Lps $_[0].fig $_[0].eps");
           }

       This method still works, and is equivalent to the  earlier  code  using
       the  add_cus_dep subroutine, except that it doesn't delete any previous
       custom-dependency for the  same  conversion.   So  the  new  method  is
       preferable.




USING latexmk WITH make
       This  section  is targeted only at advanced users who use the make pro-
       gram for complex projects, as for software development, with the depen-
       dencies specified by a Makefile.

       Now  the  basic  task  of latexmk is to run the appropriate programs to
       make a viewable version of a LaTeX document.  However, the  usual  make
       program  is not suited to this purpose for at least two reasons.  First
       is that the use of LaTeX involves circular dependencies (e.g., via .aux
       files), and these cannot be handled by the standard make program.  Sec-
       ond is that in a large document the set  of  source  files  can  change
       quite  frequently,  particularly  with included graphics files; in this
       situation keeping a Makefile  manually  updated  is  inappropriate  and
       error-prone, especially when the depedencies can be determined automat-
       ically.  Latexmk solves both of these problems robustly.

       Thus for many standard LaTeX documents latexmk can be  used  by  itself
       without  the  make program.  In a complex project it simply needs to be
       suitably configured.  A standard configuration would be to define  cus-
       tom  dependencies to make graphics files from their source files (e.g.,
       as created by the xfig program).   Custom  dependencies  are  latexmk's
       equivalent of pattern rules in Makefiles.

       Nevertheless  there  are  projects for which a Makefile is appropriate,
       and it is useful to know how to use latexmk from a Makefile.  A typical
       example  would  be  to  generate  documentation for a software project.
       Potentially the interaction with the rest of the rules in the  Makefile
       could be quite complicated, for example if some of the source files for
       a LaTeX document are generated by the project's software.

       In this section, I give a couple of examples of how latexmk can be use-
       fully  invoked  from a Makefile.  The examples use specific features of
       current versions of GNU make, which is the default on  both  linux  and
       OS-X  systems.  They may need modifications for other versions of make.

       The simplest method is simply to delegate all  the  relevant  tasks  to
       latexmk, as is suitable for a straightforward LaTeX document.  For this
       a suitable Makefile is like

           .PHONY : FORCE_MAKE
           all : try.pdf
           %.pdf : %.tex FORCE_MAKE
               latexmk -pdf -dvi- -ps- $<



                                9 December 2011                             36





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       (Note: the last line must be introduced by a tab for  the  Makefile  to
       function  correctly!)  Naturally, if making try.pdf from its associated
       LaTeX file try.tex were the only task to be performed, a direct use  of
       latexmk  without  a  Makefile would normally be better.  The benefit of
       using a Makefile for a LaTeX document would be  in  a  larger  project,
       where lines such as the above would be only be a small part of a larger
       Makefile.

       The above example has a pattern rule for making a .pdf file from a .tex
       file,  and it is defined to use latexmk in the obvious way.  There is a
       conventional  default  target  named  "all",  with  a  prerequisite  of
       try.pdf.   So  when  make is invoked, by default it makes try.pdf.  The
       only complication is  that  there  may  be  many  source  files  beyond
       try.tex, but these aren't specified in the Makefile, so changes in them
       will not by themselves cause latexmk to be invoked.  Instead, the  pat-
       tern  rule is equipped with a "phony" prerequisite FORCE_MAKE; this has
       the effect of causing the  rule  to  be  always  out-of-date,  so  that
       latexmk  is  always run.  It is latexmk that decides whether any action
       is needed, e.g., a rerun of pdflatex.  Effectively the  Makefile  dele-
       gates all decisions to latexmk, while make has no knowledge of the list
       of source files except for primary LaTeX file for  the   document.   If
       there  are,  for example, graphics files to be made, these must be made
       by custom dependencies configured in latexmk.

       But something better is needed  in  more  complicated  situations,  for
       example,  when  the  making  of graphics files needs to be specified by
       rules in the Makefile.  To do this, one can use  a  Makefile  like  the
       following:

            TARGETS = document1.pdf document2.pdf
            DEPS_DIR = .deps
            LATEXMK = latexmk -recorder -use-make -deps \
                  -e 'warn qq(In Makefile, turn off custom dependencies0;' \
                  -e '@cus_dep_list = ();' \
                  -e 'show_cus_dep();'
            all : $(TARGETS)
            $(foreach file,$(TARGETS),$(eval -include $(DEPS_DIR)/$(file)P))
            $(DEPS_DIR) :
                   mkdir $@
            %.pdf : %.tex
                   if [ ! -e $(DEPS_DIR) ]; then mkdir $(DEPS_DIR); fi
                   $(LATEXMK) -pdf -dvi- -ps- -deps-out=$(DEPS_DIR)/$@P $<
            %.pdf : %.fig
                   fig2dev -Lpdf $< $@

       (Again,  the  lines  containing  the  commands  for the rules should be
       started with tabs.)  This example was inspired by how GNU automake han-
       dles automatic dependency tracking of C source files.

       After  each  run of latexmk, dependency information is put in a file in
       the .deps subdirectory.  The Makefile causes these dependency files  to
       be read by make, which now has the full dependency information for each
       target .pdf file.  To make things less trivial it  is  specificed  that
       two  files document1.pdf and document2.pdf are the targets.  The depen-
       dency files are .deps/document1.pdfP and .deps/document2.pdfP.

       There is now no need for the phony prerequisite for the  rule  to  make
       .pdf files from .tex files.  But I have added a rule to make .pdf files
       from .fig files produced by the xfig program; these are  commonly  used
       for  graphics  insertions  in  LaTeX documents.  Latexmk is arranged to



                                9 December 2011                             37





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       output a dependency file after each run.  It  is  given  the  -recorder
       option, which improves its detection of files generated during a run of
       pdflatex; such files should not be in  the  dependency  list.   The  -e
       options  are  used to turn off all custom dependencies, and to document
       this.  Instead the -use-make is used to delegate the making of  missing
       files to make itself.

       Suppose  in  the LaTeX file there is a command \includegraphics{graph},
       and an xfig file "graph.fig" exists.  On a first run, pdflatex  reports
       a  missing  file, named "graph". Latexmk succeeds in making "graph.pdf"
       by calling "make graph.pdf", and after completion of its work, it lists
       "fig.pdf" among the dependents of the file latexmk is making.  Then let
       "fig.fig" be updated, and then let make be  run.   Make  first  remakes
       "fig.pdf", and only then reruns latexmk.

       Thus  we  now  have  a method by which all the subsidiary processing is
       delegated to make.


SEE ALSO
       latex(1), bibtex(1).

BUGS
       Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file after
       its  creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work around:
       manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other preview-
       ers and update methods.

       (The  following  isn't  really a bug, but concerns features of preview-
       ers.)  Preview continuous mode only works perfectly with  certain  pre-
       viewers:  Xdvi  on  UNIX/LINUX  works  for dvi files.  Gv on UNIX/LINUX
       works for both postscript and pdf.  Ghostview  on  UNIX/LINUX  needs  a
       manual  update (reopen); it views postscript and pdf.  Gsview under MS-
       Windows works for both postscript and pdf, but only reads  the  updated
       file  when  its  screen  is refreshed.  Acroread under UNIX/LINUX views
       pdf, but the file needs to be closed and reopened to  view  an  updated
       version.   Under  MS-Windows,  acroread locks its input file and so the
       pdf file cannot be updated.  (Remedy: configure latexmk to  use  gsview
       instead.)

THANKS TO
       Authors  of  previous  versions.   Many  users with their feedback, and
       especially David Coppit (username david at node  coppit.org)  who  made
       many  useful  suggestions  that  contributed  to version 3, and Herbert
       Schulz.  (Please note that the e-mail  addresses  are  not  written  in
       their standard form to avoid being harvested by worms and viruses.)

AUTHOR
       Current   version,   by   John   Collins   (username  collins  at  node
       phys.psu.edu).  (Version 4.30).

       Released version can be obtained  from  CTAN:  <http://www.tug.org/tex-
       archive/support/latexmk/>,    and    from    the    author's    website
       <http://www.phys.psu.edu/~collins/software/latexmk/>.
       Modifications and enhancements by Evan McLean (Version 2.0)
       Original script called "go" by David J. Musliner (RCS Version 3.2)







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