summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.txt
blob: 53a9000985d61c3a3957ef0d09a09d571f072433 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884



LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


NAME
       latexmk - generate LaTeX document

SYNOPSIS
       latexmk [options] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
       Latexmk completely automates the process of compiling a LaTeX document.
       Essentially, it is like a specialized  relative  of  the  general  make
       utility,  but  one  which determines dependencies automatically and has
       some other very useful features.  In its basic mode  of  operation  la-
       texmk  is given the name of the primary source file for a document, and
       it issues the appropriate sequence of commands to generate a .dvi, .ps,
       .pdf and/or hardcopy version of the document.

       By  default  latexmk will run the commands necessary to generate a .dvi
       file, which copies the behavior of earlier versions when only latex was
       available.

       Latexmk  can also be set to run continuously with a suitable previewer.
       In that case the latex program (or one of its relatives), etc, are  re-
       run whenever one of the source files is modified, and the previewer au-
       tomatically updates the on-screen view of the compiled document.

       Latexmk determines which are the source  files  by  examining  the  log
       file.  (Optionally, it also examines the list of input and output files
       generated by the -recorder option of  modern  versions  of  latex  (and
       pdflatex,  xelatex, lualatex).  See the documentation for the -recorder
       option of latexmk below.)  When latexmk is run, it examines  properties
       of  the source files, and if any have been changed since the last docu-
       ment generation, latexmk will run the various LaTeX processing programs
       as necessary.  In particular, it will repeat the run of latex (or a re-
       lated program)) often enough to resolve all cross references; depending
       on  the  macro  packages  used.   With some macro packages and document
       classes, four, or even more, runs may be needed. If necessary,  latexmk
       will  also  run  bibtex, biber, and/or makeindex.  In addition, latexmk
       can be configured to generate other necessary files.  For example, from
       an updated figure file it can automatically generate a file in encapsu-
       lated postscript or another suitable format for reading by LaTeX.

       Latexmk has two different previewing options.  With the simple -pv  op-
       tion,  a  dvi,  postscript  or pdf previewer is automatically run after
       generating the dvi, postscript or pdf version  of  the  document.   The
       type  of  file  to view is selected according to configuration settings
       and command line options.

       The second previewing option is the  powerful  -pvc  option  (mnemonic:
       "preview continuously").  In this case, latexmk runs continuously, reg-
       ularly monitoring all the source files to see if any have changed.  Ev-
       ery  time a change is detected, latexmk runs all the programs necessary
       to generate a new version of the document.  A good previewer will  then
       automatically update its display.  Thus the user can simply edit a file
       and, when the changes are written to disk, latexmk completely automates
       the  cycle  of  updating  the  .dvi (and/or the .ps and .pdf) file, and



                               20 November 2021                              1





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       refreshing the previewer's display.  It's not quite WYSIWYG,  but  use-
       fully close.

       For  other previewers, the user may have to manually make the previewer
       update its display, which can be (e.g., with some versions of xdvi  and
       gsview) as simple as forcing a redraw of its display.

       Latexmk  has  the  ability  to print a banner in gray diagonally across
       each page when making the postscript file.  It  can  also,  if  needed,
       call  an  external  program to do other postprocessing on generated dvi
       and postscript files.  (See the options -dF and -pF, and the documenta-
       tion  for  the  $dvi_filter  and  $ps_filter  configuration variables.)
       These capabilities are leftover from older versions of latexmk, but are
       currently  non-functional.  More flexibility can be obtained in current
       versions, since the command strings for running *latex can now be  con-
       figured to run multiple commands.  This also extends the possibility of
       postprocessing generated files.

       Latexmk is highly configurable, both from the command line and in  con-
       figuration  files,  so  that  it can accommodate a wide variety of user
       needs and system configurations.  Default values are set  according  to
       the operating system, so latexmk often works without special configura-
       tion on MS-Windows, cygwin, Linux, OS-X, and other UNIX  systems.   See
       the  section  "Configuration/Initialization  (rc)  Files", and then the
       later sections "How to Set Variables in Initialization Files",  "Format
       of  Command Specifications", "List of Configuration Variables Usable in
       Initialization Files", "Custom Dependencies", and "Advanced  Configura-
       tion"

       A  very annoying complication handled very reliably by latexmk, is that
       LaTeX is a multiple pass system.  On each run, LaTeX reads in  informa-
       tion generated on a previous run, for things like cross referencing and
       indexing.  In the simplest cases, a second run of LaTeX  suffices,  and
       often  the log file contains a message about the need for another pass.
       However, there is a wide variety of add-on  macro  packages  to  LaTeX,
       with  a variety of behaviors.  The result is to break simple-minded de-
       terminations of how many runs are needed and of  which  programs.   La-
       texmk has a highly general and efficient solution to these issues.  The
       solution involves retaining between  runs  information  on  the  source
       files,  and a symptom is that latexmk generates an extra file (with ex-
       tension .fdb_latexmk, by default) that contains the source file  infor-
       mation.


LATEXMK OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS ON COMMAND LINE
       In general the command line to invoke latexmk has the form

            latexmk [options] [file]

       All options can be introduced by single or double "-" characters, e.g.,
       "latexmk -help" or "latexmk --help".

       Note 1: In the documentation, '*latex' means any of the  supported  en-
       gines,  i.e., currently latex, lualatex, pdflatex, xelatex.  Mention of



                               20 November 2021                              2





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       a specific one of these normally refers that specific engines.  Earlier
       versions  of  this documentation weren't so consistent.  Which of these
       is used to compile a document, depends on  the  configuration  and  the
       command line arguments.

       Note  2:  In  addition to the options in the list below, latexmk recog-
       nizes almost all the options recognized by the *latex programs in their
       current  TeXLive  and  MiKTeX implementations.  Some of the options for
       these programs trigger special action or behavior by latexmk, in  which
       case  they  have  specific  explanations in this document; in this case
       they may or may not be passed to *latex as well.

       Run latexmk with the -showextraoptions to get a  list  of  the  options
       that latexmk accepts and that are simply passed through to *latex.  See
       also the explanation of the -showextraoptions option for more  informa-
       tion.


       Definitions of options and arguments


       file   One  or more files can be specified.  If no files are specified,
              latexmk will, by default, run on all files in the current  work-
              ing  directory  with  a  ".tex" extension.  This behavior can be
              changed: see the description concerning the @default_files vari-
              able  in  the section "List of configuration variables usable in
              initialization files".

              If a file is specified without an extension, then the ".tex" ex-
              tension  is  automatically  added, just as LaTeX does.  Thus, if
              you specify:

                   latexmk foo

              then latexmk will operate on the file "foo.tex".

              There are certain restrictions on what characters can  be  in  a
              filename;  certain  characters are either prohibited or problem-
              atic for the latex etc programs.   These  characters  are:  "$",
              "%", "\", "~", the double quote character, and the control char-
              acters null, tab, form feed, carriage  return,  line  feed,  and
              delete.   In  addition  "&"  is  prohibited when it is the first
              character of a filename.

              Latexmk gives a fatal error when it detects  any  of  the  above
              characters in the TeX filename(s) specified on the command line.
              However before testing for illegal characters,  latexmk  removes
              matching  pairs  of double quotes from a filename.  This matches
              the behavior of latex etc, and deals with  problems  that  occa-
              sionally result from filenames that have been incorrectly quoted
              on the command line.  In addition, under Microsoft Windows,  the
              forward slash character "\" is a directory separator, so latexmk
              replaces it by a backward slash "/", which is also a  legal  di-
              rectory separator in Windows, and is accepted by latex etc.



                               20 November 2021                              3





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -auxdir=FOO or -aux-directory=FOO
              Sets  the  directory for auxiliary output files of *latex (.aux,
              .log etc).  This achieves its effect by the  -aux-directory  op-
              tion  of *latex, which currently is only implemented on the MiK-
              TeX version of *latex.

              See  also  the  -outdir/-output-directory   options,   and   the
              $aux_dir,  $out_dir,  and  $search_path_separator  configuration
              variables of latexmk.  In particular, see the  documentation  of
              $out_dir  for  some  complications  on  what directory names are
              suitable.

              If you also use the -cd option, and the specified auxiliary out-
              put  directory  is a relative path, then the path is interpreted
              relative to the document directory.


       -bibtex
              When the source file uses bbl files for bibliography, run bibtex
              or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files.

              This  property can also be configured by setting the $bibtex_use
              variable to 2 in a configuration file.


       -bibtex-
              Never run bibtex or biber.  Also, always  treat  .bbl  files  as
              precious, i.e., do not delete them in a cleanup operation.

              A  common  use  for this option is when a document comes from an
              external source, complete with its bbl  file(s),  and  the  user
              does  not  have  the corresponding bib files available.  In this
              situation use of the -bibtex- option will prevent  latexmk  from
              trying to run bibtex or biber, which would result in overwriting
              of the bbl files.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 0 in a configuration file.


       -bibtex-cond
              When  the source file uses bbl file(s) for the bibliography, run
              bibtex or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files, but  only
              if  the relevant bib file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib files are
              not available, bibtex or biber  is  not  run,  thereby  avoiding
              overwriting  of  the bbl file(s).  Also, always treat .bbl files
              as precious, i.e., do not delete them in a cleanup operation.

              This is the default setting.  It can also be configured by  set-
              ting the $bibtex_use variable to 1 in a configuration file.

              The  reason for using this setting is that sometimes a .bbl file
              is available containing the bibliography for a document, but the
              .bib  file  is  not  available.   An  example  would  be  for  a



                               20 November 2021                              4





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              scientific journal where authors submit .tex and .bbl files, but
              not  the  original  .bib  file.  In that case, running bibtex or
              biber would not work, and the .bbl file should be treated  as  a
              user  source  file, and not as a file that can be regenerated on
              demand.

              (Note that it is possible for latexmk to  decide  that  the  bib
              file  does  not  exist,  even though the bib file does exist and
              bibtex or biber finds it.  The problem is that the bib file  may
              not  be  in  the  current directory but in some search path; the
              places latexmk and bibtex or biber cause to be searched need not
              be  identical.   On modern installations of TeX and related pro-
              grams this problem should not  arise,  since  latexmk  uses  the
              kpsewhich program to do the search, and kpsewhich should use the
              same search path as bibtex and biber.  If this  problem  arises,
              use the -bibtex option when invoking latexmk.)

              Note that this value does not work properly if the document uses
              biber instead of bibtex.  (There's a long story why not.)


       -bibtex-cond1
              The same as -bibtex-cond except that .bbl files are only treated
              as precious if one or more bibfiles fails to exist.

              Thus  if all the bib files exist, bibtex or biber is run to gen-
              erate .bbl files as needed, and then it is appropriate to delete
              the bbl files in a cleanup operation since they can be re-gener-
              ated.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 1.5 in a configuration file.


       -bibtexfudge or -bibfudge
              Turn  on  the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See documenta-
              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.


       -bibtexfudge- or -bibfudge-
              Turn off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See  documenta-
              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.


       -bm <message>
              A  banner message to print diagonally across each page when con-
              verting the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a  sin-
              gle argument on the command line so be careful with quoting spa-
              ces and such.

              Note that if the -bm option is specified, the -ps option is  as-
              sumed.





                               20 November 2021                              5





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -bi <intensity>
              How  dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number between
              0 and 1.  0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which
              is OK unless your toner cartridge is getting low.


       -bs <scale>
              A  decimal  number  that  specifies how large the banner message
              will be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the  right
              scale  for  your message, as a rule of thumb the scale should be
              about equal to 1100 divided by the number of characters  in  the
              message.  The default is 220.0 which is just right for 5 charac-
              ter messages.


       -commands
              List the commands used by latexmk for processing files, and then
              exit.


       -c     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber except dvi, postscript and pdf.  These files are
              a  combination  of log files, aux files, latexmk's database file
              of source file information, and those with extensions  specified
              in  the  @generated_exts  configuration  variable.  In addition,
              files specified by the $clean_ext and @generated_exts configura-
              tion variables are removed.

              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
              if you want to do a cleanup followed by a make.

              Treatment of .bbl files:  If $bibtex_use is set to 0 or  1,  bbl
              files  are  always treated as non-regeneratable.  If $bibtex_use
              is set to 1.5, bbl files are counted as non-regeneratable condi-
              tionally:  If the bib file exists, then bbl files are regenerat-
              able, and are deleted in a clean up.  But if $bibtex_use is  1.5
              and  a bib file doesn't exist, then the bbl files are treated as
              non-regeneratable and hence are not deleted.

              In contrast, if $bibtex_use is set to 2, bbl  files  are  always
              treated as regeneratable, and are deleted in a cleanup.

              Treatment   of   files  generated  by  custom  dependencies:  If
              $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated  is  nonzero,   regeneratable
              files  are considered as including those generated by custom de-
              pendencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are  not
              deleted.


       -C     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber.  This is the same as the -c option with the ad-
              dition  of dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those specified in
              the $clean_full_ext configuration variable.




                               20 November 2021                              6





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the  -gg  option
              if you want to do a cleanup followed by a make.

              See  the  -c option for the specification of whether or not .bbl
              files are treated as non-regeneratable or regeneratable.

              If $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero,  regeneratable
              files  are considered as including those generated by custom de-
              pendencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are  not
              deleted.


       -CA    (Obsolete).   Now  equivalent to the -C option.  See that option
              for details.


       -cd    Change to the directory containing the main source  file  before
              processing  it.  Then all the generated files (.aux, .log, .dvi,
              .pdf, etc) will be relative to the source file.

              This option is particularly useful when latexmk is invoked  from
              a  GUI configured to invoke latexmk with a full pathname for the
              source file.

              This option works by setting the $do_cd  configuration  variable
              to  one;  you can set that variable if you want to configure la-
              texmk to have the effect of the -cd option without specifying it
              on the command line.  See the documentation for that variable.


       -cd-   Do  NOT  change to the directory containing the main source file
              before processing it.  Then all the generated files (.aux, .log,
              .dvi,  .pdf,  etc)  will  be  relative  to the current directory
              rather than the source file.

              This is the default behavior and corresponds to the behavior  of
              the *latex programs.  However, it is not desirable behavior when
              latexmk is invoked by a GUI configured to invoke latexmk with  a
              full pathname for the source file.  See the -cd option.

              This  option  works by setting the $do_cd configuration variable
              to zero.  See the documentation for that variable for  more  in-
              formation.


       -CF    Remove  the file containing the database of source file informa-
              tion, before doing the other actions requested.


       -d     Set draft mode.  This prints the banner message  "DRAFT"  across
              your  page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size and
              intensity can be modified with the -bs and -bi options.  The -bm
              option  will override this option as this is really just a short
              way of specifying:



                               20 November 2021                              7





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


                   latexmk -bm DRAFT

              Note that if the -d option is specified, the -ps option  is  as-
              sumed.


       -deps  Show a list of dependent files after processing.  This is in the
              form of a dependency list of the form used by the make  program,
              and it is therefore suitable for use in a Makefile.  It gives an
              overall view of the files without listing intermediate files, as
              well as latexmk can determine them.

              By  default the list of dependent files is sent to stdout (i.e.,
              normally to the screen unless you've redirected  latexmk's  out-
              put). But you can set the filename where the list is sent by the
              -deps-out= option.

              See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for an example of  how
              to use a dependency list with make.

              Users  familiar  with  GNU  automake  and gcc will find that the
              -deps option is very similar in its purpose and results  to  the
              -M  option  to gcc.  (In fact, latexmk also has options -M, -MF,
              and -MP options that behave like those of gcc.)


       -dependents
              Equivalent to -deps.


       -deps- Do not show a list of dependent files after  processing.   (This
              is the default.)


       -dependents-
              Equivalent to -deps-.


       -deps-out=FILENAME
              Set  the  filename to which the list of dependent files is writ-
              ten.  If the FILENAME argument is omitted or set  to  "-",  then
              the output is sent to stdout.

              Use  of  this option also turns on the output of the list of de-
              pendent files after processing.


       -dF    Dvi file filtering.  The argument to this  option  is  a  filter
              which  will  generate  a  filtered  dvi  file with the extension
              ".dviF".  All extra processing (e.g. conversion  to  postscript,
              preview,  printing)  will then be performed on this filtered dvi
              file.

              Example usage: To use dviselect to select only the even pages of



                               20 November 2021                              8





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              the dvi file:

                   latexmk -dF "dviselect even" foo.tex


       -diagnostics
              Print  detailed diagnostics during a run.  This may help for de-
              bugging problems or to understand latexmk's behavior  in  diffi-
              cult situations.


       -dir-report
              For  each .tex file processed, list the settings for aux and out
              directories, after they have been normalized from  the  settings
              specified  during  initialization.  See  the  description of the
              variable $aux_out_dir_report for more details.


       -dir-report-
              Do not report the settings for aux and  out  directories.   (De-
              fault)


       -dvi   Generate dvi version of document.


       -dvi-  Turn  off  generation of dvi version of document.  (This may get
              overridden, if some other file is made (e.g., a .ps  file)  that
              is  generated  from the dvi file, or if no generated file at all
              is requested.)


       -e <code>
              Execute the specified  initialization  code  before  processing.
              The  code  is Perl code of the same form as is used in latexmk's
              initialization files.  For more details, see the information  on
              the  -r option, and the section about "Configuration/initializa-
              tion (RC) files".  The code is typically a sequence  of  assign-
              ment statements separated by semicolons.

              The  code  is  executed when the -e option is encountered during
              latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -r option for  a
              way  of executing initialization code from a file.  An error re-
              sults in latexmk stopping.  Multiple instances of the -r and  -e
              options can be used, and they are executed in the order they ap-
              pear on the command line.

              Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special char-
              acters  in  the  code on the command line.  For example, suppose
              you want to set the latex command to use its  -shell-escape  op-
              tion, then under UNIX/Linux you could use the line

                   latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex




                               20 November 2021                              9





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Note  that  the  single  quotes  block normal UNIX/Linux command
              shells from treating the characters inside the  quotes  as  spe-
              cial.   (In  this  example, the q/.../ construct is a Perl idiom
              equivalent to using single quotes.  This  avoids  the  complica-
              tions  of  getting  a  quote  character inside an already quoted
              string in a way that is independent of both the  shell  and  the
              operating-system.)

              The  above  command  line  will  NOT  work under MS-Windows with
              cmd.exe or command.com or 4nt.exe.  For  MS-Windows  with  these
              command shells you could use

                   latexmk -e "$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/" file.tex

              or

                   latexmk -e "$latex='latex %O -shell-escape %S'" file.tex

              The  last  two  examples  will  NOT work with UNIX/Linux command
              shells.

              (Note: the above examples show are to show how to use the -e  to
              specify  initialization code to be executed.  But the particular
              effect can be achieved also by the use of the -latex option with
              less problems in dealing with quoting.)


       -emulate-aux-dir
              Emulate  -aux-directory instead of leaving it to the *latex pro-
              grams to do it.  (MiKTeX supports  -aux-directory,  but  TeXLive
              doesn't.)

              For more details see the explanation for the configuration vari-
              able $emulate_aux.


       -emulate-aux-dir-
              Turn off emulatation -aux-directory and leave it to  the  *latex
              program to handle the case that aux_dir is not equal to out_dir.
              Note that if you use TeXLive, which doesn't support  -aux-direc-
              tory, latexmk will automatically switch aux_dir emulation on af-
              ter the first run of *latex, because it will find the .log  file
              in the wrong place.


       -f     Force  latexmk  to  continue document processing despite errors.
              Normally, when latexmk detects that LaTeX or another program has
              found an error which will not be resolved by further processing,
              no further processing is carried out.

              Note: "Further processing" means the running of  other  programs
              or  the rerunning of latex (etc) that would be done if no errors
              had occurred.  If instead, or additionally, you want  the  latex
              (etc)  program  not  to pause for user input after an error, you



                               20 November 2021                             10





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              should arrange this by an option that is passed to the  program,
              e.g.,  by  latexmk's  option -interaction=nonstopmode (which la-
              texmk passes to *latex).


       -f-    Turn off the forced processing-past-errors such as is set by the
              -f  option.   This could be used to override a setting in a con-
              figuration file.


       -g     Force latexmk to process document fully, even  under  situations
              where  latexmk  would  normally  decide  that  no changes in the
              source files have occurred since the previous run.  This  option
              is  useful,  for example, if you change some options and wish to
              reprocess the files.


       -g-    Turn off -g.


       -gg    "Super go mode" or "clean make": clean out generated files as if
              -C had been given, and then do a regular make.


       -h or-non-help
              Print help information.


       -jobname=STRING
              Set  the  basename  of output files(s) to STRING, instead of the
              default, which is the basename of the specified TeX  file.   (At
              present, STRING should not contain spaces.)

              This  is like the same option for current implementations of the
              *latex, and the passing of this option to these programs is part
              of latexmk's implementation of -jobname.

              There is one enhancement, that the STRING may contain the place-
              holder '%A'. This will be substituted by the basename of the TeX
              file.   The primary purpose is when multiple files are specified
              on the command line to latexmk, and you wish to  use  a  jobname
              with  a different file-dependent value for each file.  For exam-
              ple, suppose you had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex, and you
              wished to compare the results of compilation by *latex and those
              with xelatex.  Then under a unix-type operating system you could
              use the command line

                  latexmk -pdf -jobname=%A-pdflatex *.tex
                  latexmk -pdfxe -jobname=%A-xelatex *.tex

              Then  the  .aux,  .log,  and .pdf files from the use of pdflatex
              would have basenames test1-pdflatex  and  test2-pdflatex,  while
              from xelatex, the basenames would be test1-xelatex and test2-xe-
              latex.



                               20 November 2021                             11





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Under MS-Windows with cmd.exe, you would need to double the per-
              cent  sign,  so  that the percent character is passed to latexmk
              rather than being used to substitute an environment variable:

                  latexmk -pdf -jobname=%%A-pdflatex *.tex
                  latexmk -pdfxe -jobname=%%A-xelatex *.tex


       -l     Run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode for the preview-
              ers  and  the  dvi to postscript converters.  This option is not
              normally needed nowadays, since current previewers normally  de-
              termine this information automatically.


       -l-    Turn off -l.


       -latex This  sets  the  generation of dvi files by latex, and turns off
              the generation of pdf and ps files.

              Note: to set the command used when latex is specified,  see  the
              -latex="COMMAND" option.


       -latex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run latex, and is
              typically used to add desired options.  Since  the  string  nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latexmk -latex="latex --shell-escape %O %S"  foo.tex

              The  specification of the contents of the string are the same as
              for the $latex configuration variable.  Depending on your  oper-
              ating  system  and the command-line shell you are using, you may
              need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or  something
              else).

              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
              sets the command for invoking latex; it does not turn on the use
              of  latex. That is done by other options or in an initialization
              file.

              To set the command for running pdflatex (rather than the command
              for latex) see the -pdflatex option.


       -logfilewarninglist
              -logfilewarnings  After a run of *latex, give a list of warnings
              about undefined citations and references (unless silent mode  is
              on).

              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.





                               20 November 2021                             12





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -logfilewarninglist-
              -logfilewarnings-  After  a run of *latex, do not give a list of
              warnings about undefined citations and references.  (Default)

              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.


       -lualatex
              Use lualatex.  That is,  use  lualatex  to  process  the  source
              file(s)  to  pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript files is
              turned off.

              This option is equivalent to using the following set of options

                   -pdflua -dvi- -ps-

              (Note: Note that the method of implementation  of  this  option,
              but  not  its intended effect, differ from some earlier versions
              of latexmk.)


       -lualatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run lualatex.  It
              behaves like the -pdflatex option, but sets the variable $luala-
              tex.

              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
              sets  the command for invoking lualatex; it does not turn on the
              use of lualatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
              ization file.


       -M     Show  list of dependent files after processing.  This is equiva-
              lent to the -deps option.


       -MF file
              If a list of dependents is made, the -MF specifies the  file  to
              write it to.


       -MP    If a list of dependents is made, include a phony target for each
              source file.  If you use the dependents list in a Makefile,  the
              dummy rules work around errors the program make gives if you re-
              move header files without updating the Makefile to match.


       -makeindexfudge
              Turn on the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See  documen-
              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.


       -makeindexfudge-
              Turn   off   the  change-directory  fudge  for  makeindex.   See



                               20 November 2021                             13





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              documentation of $makeindex_fudge for details.


       -MSWinBackSlash
              This option only has an effect when latexmk is running under MS-
              Windows.  This is that when latexmk runs a command under MS-Win-
              dows, the Windows standard directory separator "\"  is  used  to
              separate  directory  components in a file name.  Internally, la-
              texmk uses "/" for the directory separator character,  which  is
              the character used by Unix-like systems.

              This is the default behavior.  However the default may have been
              overridden by a configuration file (latexmkrc file)  which  sets
              $MSWin_back_slash=0.


       -MSWinBackSlash-
              This option only has an effect when latexmk is running under MS-
              Windows.  This is that when latexmk runs a command under MS-Win-
              dows,  the  substitution  of "\" for the separator character be-
              tween directory components of a file name is not  done.  Instead
              the forward slash "/" is used, the same as on Unix-like systems.
              This is acceptable in most situations under MS-Windows, provided
              that filenames are properly quoted, as latexmk does by default.

              See   the   documentation   for   the   configuration   variable
              $MSWin_back_slash for more details.


       -new-viewer
              When in continuous-preview mode, always start a  new  viewer  to
              view  the generated file.  By default, latexmk will, in continu-
              ous-preview mode, test for a previously  running  previewer  for
              the same file and not start a new one if a previous previewer is
              running.  However, its test sometimes fails (notably if there is
              an  already-running previewer that is viewing a file of the same
              name as the current file, but in a different  directory).   This
              option turns off the default behavior.


       -new-viewer-
              The  inverse  of the -new-viewer option.  It puts latexmk in its
              normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for an
              already-running previewer.


       -nobibtex
              Never run bibtex or biber.  Equivalent to the -bibtex- option.


       -nobibtexfudge or -nobibfudge
              Turn  off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See documenta-
              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.




                               20 November 2021                             14





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -noemulate-aux-dir
              Turn aux_dir emulation off.  Same as -emulate-aux-dir-.


       -nomakeindexfudge
              Turn off the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See documen-
              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.


       -norc  Turn off the automatic reading of initialization (rc) files.

              N.B.  Normally the initialization files are read and obeyed, and
              then command line options are obeyed in the order they  are  en-
              countered.   But -norc is an exception to this rule: it is acted
              on first, no matter where it occurs on the command line.


       -outdir=FOO or -output-directory=FOO

              Sets the  directory  for  the  output  files  of  *latex.   This
              achieves  its  effect by the -output-directory option of *latex,
              which currently (Dec. 2011 and later) is implemented on the com-
              mon versions of *latex, i.e., MiKTeX and TeXLive.  It may not be
              present in other versions.

              See also the -auxdir/-aux-directory options, and  the  $aux_dir,
              $out_dir,  and $search_path_separator configuration variables of
              latexmk.  In particular, see the documentation of  $out_dir  for
              some complications on what directory names are suitable.

              If  you also use the -cd option, and the specified output direc-
              tory is a relative path, then the path is  interpreted  relative
              to the document directory.


       -output-format=FORMAT
              This  option  is  one  that  is allowed for latex, lualatex, and
              pdflatex. But it is not passed to these programs.   Instead  la-
              texmk  emulates  it in a way suitable for the context of latexmk
              and its workflows.

              If FORMAT is dvi, then dvi output is turned on,  and  postscript
              and  pdf  output are turned off. This is equivalent to using the
              options -dvi -ps- -pdf-.

              If FORMAT is pdf, then pdf output is  turned  on,  and  dvi  and
              postscript  output  are  turned off. This is equivalent to using
              the options -pdf -ps- -dvi-.

              If FORMAT is anything else, latexmk gives an error.


       -p     Print out the document.  By default the file to  be  printed  is
              the  first  in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is being made.



                               20 November 2021                             15





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              But you can use the -print=... option to change the type of file
              to be printed, and you can configure this in a start up file (by
              setting the $print_type variable).

              However, printing is enabled by default  only  under  UNIX/Linux
              systems, where the default is to use the lpr command and only on
              postscript files.  In general, the correct behavior for printing
              very much depends on your system's software.  In particular, un-
              der MS-Windows you must have suitable program(s) available,  and
              you  must  have  configured  the print commands used by latexmk.
              This can be non-trivial.  See the  documentation  on  the  $lpr,
              $lpr_dvi, and $lpr_pdf configuration variables to see how to set
              the commands for printing.

              This option is incompatible with the -pv and -pvc options, so it
              turns them off.


       -pdf   Generate  pdf  version of document using pdflatex.  (If you wish
              to use lualatex or xelatex, you can use whichever of the options
              -pdflua,  -pdfxe,  -lualatex or -xelatex applies.)  To configure
              latexmk to have such behavior by default,  see  the  section  on
              "Configuration/initialization (rc) files".


       -pdfdvi
              Generate  pdf  version of document from the dvi file, by default
              using dvipdf.


       -pdflua
              Generate pdf version of document using lualatex.


       -pdfps Generate pdf version of document from the .ps file,  by  default
              using ps2pdf.


       -pdfxe Generate  pdf  version  of document using xelatex.  Note that to
              optimize processing time, latexmk uses xelatex  to  generate  an
              .xdv  file rather than a pdf file directly.  Only after possibly
              multiple runs to generate a fully up-to-date .xdv file does  la-
              texmk then call xdvipdfmx to generate the final .pdf file.

              (Note:  The  reason  why latexmk arranges for xelatex to make an
              .xdv file instead of the xelatex's default of a .pdf file is  as
              follows:  When the document includes large graphics files, espe-
              cially .png files, the production of a .pdf file  can  be  quite
              time consuming, even when the creation of the .xdv file by xela-
              tex is fast.  So the use of the intermediate .xdv file  can  re-
              sult in substantial gains in procesing time, since the .pdf file
              is produced once rather than on every run of xelatex.)





                               20 November 2021                             16





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -pdf-  Turn off generation of pdf version of document.   (This  can  be
              used  to override a setting in a configuration file.  It may get
              overridden if some other option requires the generation of a pdf
              file.)

              If  after  all  options  have  been processed, pdf generation is
              still turned off, then generation of a dvi file will  be  turned
              on, and then the program used to compiled a document will be la-
              tex (or, more precisely, whatever program is  configured  to  be
              used in the $latex configuration variable).


       -pdflatex
              This sets the generation of pdf files by pdflatex, and turns off
              the generation of dvi and ps files.

              Note: to set the command used when pdflatex  is  specified,  see
              the -pdflatex="COMMAND" option.


       -pdflatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run pdflatex, and
              is typically used to add desired options.  Since the string nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latexmk  -pdf  -pdflatex="pdflatex  --shell-escape  %O  %S"
              foo.tex

              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
              for the $pdflatex configuration variable.  (The option -pdflatex
              in fact sets the variable $pdflatex.)  Depending on your operat-
              ing  system  and  the  command-line shell you are using, you may
              need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or  something
              else).

              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
              sets the command for invoking pdflatex; it does not turn on  the
              use of pdflatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
              ization file.

              To set the command for running latex (rather  than  the  command
              for pdflatex) see the -latex option.


       -pdflualatex="COMMAND"
              Equivalent to -lualatex="COMMAND".


       -pdfxelatex="COMMAND"
              Equivalent to -xelatex="COMMAND".


       -pretex=CODE




                               20 November 2021                             17





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Given that CODE is some TeX code, this options sets that code to
              be executed before inputting source file.  This  only  works  if
              the command for invoking the relevant *latex is suitably config-
              ured.  See the documentation of the variable $pre_tex_code,  and
              the  substitution  strings %P and %U for more details.  This op-
              tion works by setting the variable $pre_tex_code.

              See also the -usepretex option.

              An example:

                  latexmk  -pretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}'  -usepretex
              foo.tex

              But this is better written

                  latexmk -usepretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex

              If you already have a suitable command configured, you only need

                  latexmk -pretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex


       -print=dvi, -print=ps, -print=pdf, -print=auto,
              Define  which kind of file is printed.  This option also ensures
              that the requisite file is made, and turns on printing.

              The (default) case -print=auto determines the kind of print file
              automatically  from  the  set  of files that is being made.  The
              first in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is among  the  files
              to be made is the one used for print out.


       -ps    Generate postscript version of document.


       -ps-   Turn off generation of postscript version of document.  This can
              be used to override a setting in a configuration file.  (It  may
              get  overridden  by some other option that requires a postscript
              file, for example a request for printing.)


       -pF    Postscript file filtering.  The argument to  this  option  is  a
              filter  which  will generate a filtered postscript file with the
              extension ".psF".  All extra processing (e.g. preview, printing)
              will then be performed on this filtered postscript file.

              Example of usage: Use psnup to print two pages on the one page:

                   latexmk -ps -pF 'psnup -2' foo.tex

              or

                   latexmk -ps -pF "psnup -2" foo.tex



                               20 November 2021                             18





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Whether to use single or double quotes round the "psnup -2" will
              depend on your command interpreter, as used  by  the  particular
              version of perl and the operating system on your computer.


       -pv    Run  file previewer.  If the -view option is used, this will se-
              lect the kind of file to be previewed (.dvi, .ps or .pdf).  Oth-
              erwise  the viewer views the "highest" kind of file selected, by
              the -dvi, -ps, -pdf, -pdfps options, in  the  order  .dvi,  .ps,
              .pdf  (low to high).  If no file type has been selected, the dvi
              previewer will be used.  This option is incompatible with the -p
              and -pvc options, so it turns them off.


       -pv-   Turn off -pv.


       -pvc   Run  a  file  previewer  and  continually  update the .dvi, .ps,
              and/or .pdf files whenever changes are made to source files (see
              the  Description  above).  Which of these files is generated and
              which is viewed is governed by the other  options,  and  is  the
              same  as for the -pv option.  The preview-continuous option -pvc
              can only work with one file.  So in this case you will  normally
              only  specify  one filename on the command line.  It is also in-
              compatible with the -p and -pv options, so it  turns  these  op-
              tions off.

              The  -pvc  option also turns off force mode (-f), as is normally
              best for continuous preview mode.   If  you  really  want  force
              mode, use the options in the order -pvc -f.

              With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
              (Under some but not all versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch"  does
              this  for  postscript  files; this can be set by a configuration
              variable.  This would also work for pdf files except for an  ap-
              parent bug in gv that causes an error when the newly updated pdf
              file is read.)  Many other previewers will need a manual update.

              Important note: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf
              file,  and  prevents  new versions being written, so it is a bad
              idea to use acroread to view  pdf  files  in  preview-continuous
              mode.   It  is  better to use a different viewer: SumatraPDF and
              gsview are good possibilities.

              There are some other methods for arranging  an  update,  notably
              useful  for  many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are best set
              in latexmk's configuration; see below.

              Note that if latexmk  dies  or  is  stopped  by  the  user,  the
              "forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations
              with the -pvc option will not fork new previewers,  but  latexmk
              will  normally  use the existing previewer.  (At least this will
              happen when latexmk is running under an operating  system  where
              it  knows  how  to  determine  whether  an existing previewer is



                               20 November 2021                             19





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              running.)


       -pvc-  Turn off -pvc.


       -pvctimeout
              Do timeout in pvc mode after period of inactivity, which  is  30
              min. by default.  Inactivity means a period when latexmk has de-
              tected no file changes and hence has not taken any actions  like
              compiling the document.


       -pvctimeout-
              Don't do timeout in pvc mode after inactivity.


       -pvctimeoutmins=<time>
              Set period of inactivity in minutes for pvc timeout.


       -quiet Same as -silent


       -r <rcfile>
              Read  the  specified initialization file ("RC file") before pro-
              cessing.

              Be careful about the ordering: (1) Standard initialization files
              --  see  the section below on "Configuration/initialization (RC)
              files" -- are read first.  (2) Then the options on  the  command
              line  are acted on in the order they are given.  Therefore if an
              initialization file is specified by the -r option,  it  is  read
              during  this second step.  Thus an initialization file specified
              with the -r option can override both the standard initialization
              files and previously specified options.  But all of these can be
              overridden by later options.

              The contents of the RC file just comprise a piece of code in the
              Perl  programming  language  (typically a sequence of assignment
              statements); they are executed when the -r option is encountered
              during latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -e option
              for a way of giving initialization code  directly  on  latexmk's
              command  line.   An error results in latexmk stopping.  Multiple
              instances of the -r and -e options can be used, and they are ex-
              ecuted in the order they appear on the command line.


       -rc-report
              After  initialization,  give  a  list of the RC files read. (De-
              fault)






                               20 November 2021                             20





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -rc-report-
              After initialization, do not give a list of the RC files read.


       -recorder
              Give the -recorder option with *latex.  In  (most)  modern  ver-
              sions  of  these  programs,  this results in a file of extension
              .fls containing a list of the files  that  these  programs  have
              read  and  written.   Latexmk will then use this file to improve
              its detection of source files and generated files after a run of
              *latex.  This is the default setting of latexmk, unless overrid-
              den in an initialization file.

              For further information, see the documentation for the $recorder
              configuration variable.


       -recorder-
              Do not supply the -recorder option with *latex.


       -rules Show a list of latemk's rules and dependencies after processing.


       -rules-
              Do  not  show  a  list of latexmk's rules and dependencies after
              processing.  (This is the default.)


       -showextraoptions
              Show the list of extra *latex options that  latexmk  recognizes,
              but  that  it simply passes through to the programs *latex  when
              they are run.  These options are (currently)  a  combination  of
              those  allowed by the TeXLive and MiKTeX implementations.  (If a
              particular option is given to latexmk but is not handled by  the
              particular  implementation  of  *latex  that is being used, that
              program will probably give a warning or an  error.)   These  op-
              tions  are  very numerous, but are not listed in this documenta-
              tion because they have no effect on latexmk's actions.

              There are a few options (e.g., -includedirectory=dir,  -initial-
              ize,  -ini)  that  are not recognized, either because they don't
              fit with latexmk's intended operations,  or  because  they  need
              special  processing by latexmk that isn't implemented (at least,
              not yet).

              There are certain options  for  *latex  (e.g.,  -recorder)  that
              trigger special actions or behavior by latexmk itself. Depending
              on the action, they may also be  passed  in  some  form  to  the
              called *latex program, and/or may affect other programs as well.
              These options do have  entries  in  this  documentation.   Among
              these options are: -jobname=STRING, -aux-directory=dir, -output-
              directory=DIR, -quiet, and -recorder.




                               20 November 2021                             21





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              There are also options that are accepted by *latex, but  instead
              trigger actions purely by latexmk: -help, -version.


       -silent
              Run commands silently, i.e., with options that reduce the amount
              of diagnostics generated.  For example, with  the  default  set-
              tings,  the  command  "latex -interaction=batchmode" is used for
              latex, and similarly for its friends.

              See also the -logfilewarninglist  and  -logfilewarninglist-  op-
              tions.

              Also  reduce  the  number of informational messages that latexmk
              itself generates.

              To change the options used to make the  commands  run  silently,
              you need to configure latexmk with changed values of its config-
              uration   variables,   the    relevant    ones    being    $bib-
              tex_silent_switch,  $biber_silent_switch, $dvipdf_silent_switch,
              $dvips_silent_switch,       $latex_silent_switch,        $luala-
              tex_silent_switch        $makeindex_silent_switch,       $pdfla-
              tex_silent_switch, and $xelatex_silent_switch


       -stdtexcmds
              Sets the commands for latex, etc, so that they are the  standard
              ones. This is useful to override special configurations.

              The  result  is  that  $latex = 'latex %O %S', and similarly for
              $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex.  (The option -no-pdf  needed
              for $xelatex is provided automatically, given that %O appears in
              the definition.)


       -time  Show  CPU  time  used.   See  also  the  configuration  variable
              $show_time.


       -time- Do  not show CPU time used.  See also the configuration variable
              $show_time.


       -use-make
              When after a run of *latex, there  are  warnings  about  missing
              files  (e.g.,  as  requested  by the LaTeX \input, \include, and
              \includgraphics commands), latexmk tries to make them by a  cus-
              tom  dependency. If no relevant custom dependency with an appro-
              priate source file is found, and if the -use-make option is set,
              then  as  a last resort latexmk will try to use the make program
              to try to make the missing files.

              Note that the filename may be specified  without  an  extension,
              e.g.,  by  \includegraphics{drawing}  in  a LaTeX file.  In that



                               20 November 2021                             22





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              case, latexmk will try making drawing.ext with ext set  in  turn
              to  the  possible  extensions that are relevant for latex (or as
              appropriate pdflatex, lualatex, xelatex).

              See also the documentation for  the  $use_make_for_missing_files
              configuration variable.


       -use-make-
              Do  not use the make program to try to make missing files.  (De-
              fault.)


       -usepretex
              Sets the command lines for latex, etc, so that they use the code
              that  is defined by the variable $pre_tex_code or that is set by
              the option -pretex=CODE to execute the specified TeX code before
              the  source  file  is  read.  This option overrides any previous
              definition of the command lines.

              The result is that $latex = 'latex %O  %P',  and  similarly  for
              $pdflatex,  $lualatex, and $xelatex.  (The option -no-pdf needed
              for $xelatex is provided automatically, given that %O appears in
              the definition.)


       -usepretex=CODE
              Equivalent to -pretex=CODE -usepretex.  Example

                latexmk -usepretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex


       -v or -version
              Print version number of latexmk.


       -verbose
              Opposite of -silent.  This is the default setting.


       -view=default, -view=dvi, -view=ps, -view=pdf, -view=none
              Set the kind of file used when previewing is requested (e.g., by
              the -pv or -pvc switches).  The default is to view the "highest"
              kind  of  requested  file  (in  the low-to-high order .dvi, .ps,
              .pdf).

              Note the possibility -view=none where no  viewer  is  opened  at
              all.   One example of is use is in conjunction with the -pvc op-
              tion, when you want latexmk to do  a  compilation  automatically
              whenever  source  file(s) change, but do not want a previewer to
              be opened.






                               20 November 2021                             23





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -Werror
              This causes latexmk to return a non-zero status code if  any  of
              the  files  processed  gives a warning about problems with cita-
              tions or references (i.e., undefined citations or references  or
              about  multiply  defined references).  This is after latexmk has
              completed all the runs it needs to try  and  resolve  references
              and  citations.  Thus -Werror causes latexmk to treat such warn-
              ings as errors, but only when they occur on the last run of *la-
              tex  and  only after processing is complete.  Also can be set by
              the configuration variable $warnings_as_errors.


       -xelatex
              Use xelatex.  That is, use xelatex to process the source file(s)
              to  pdf.   The  generation of dvi and postscript files is turned
              off.

              This option is equivalent to using the following set of options

                   -pdfxe -dvi- -ps-

              [Note: Note that the method of implementation  of  this  option,
              but  not  its  intended primary effect, differ from some earlier
              versions of latexmk. Latexmk first uses xelatex to make an  .xdv
              file,  and  does  all  the extra runs needed (including those of
              bibtex, etc).  Only after that does it make the  pdf  file  from
              the  .xdv  file, using xdvipdfmx.  See the documentation for the
              -pdfxe for why this is done.]


       -xelatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run xelatex.   It
              sets the variable $xelatex.

              Warning: It is important to ensure that the -no-pdf is used when
              xelatex is invoked, since latexmk expects xelatex to produce  an
              .xdv  file,  not  a  .pdf file. If you provide %O in the command
              specification, this will be done automatically.  See  the  docu-
              mentation  for  the  -pdfxe  option for why latexmk makes a .xdv
              file rather than a .pdf file when xelatex is used.

              An example of the use of the -pdfxelatex option:

                   latexmk -pdfxe -pdfxelatex="xelatex --shell-escape  %O  %S"
              foo.tex

              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
              sets the command for invoking lualatex; it does not turn on  the
              use of lualatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
              ization file.


       Compatibility between options




                               20 November 2021                             24





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       The preview-continuous option -pvc can only work with one file.  So  in
       this  case  you  will normally only specify one filename on the command
       line.

       Options -p, -pv and -pvc are mutually exclusive.  So each of these  op-
       tions turns the others off.


EXAMPLES
       % latexmk thesis    # run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references

       % latexmk -pvc -ps thesis# run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references, make a postscript
                           file, start a previewer.  Then
                           watch for changes in the source
                           file thesis.tex and any files it
                           uses.  After any changes rerun latex
                           the appropriate number of times and
                           remake the postscript file.  If latex
                           encounters an error, latexmk will
                           keep running, watching for
                           source file changes.

       % latexmk -c        # remove .aux, .log, .bbl, .blg, .dvi,
                           .pdf, .ps & .bbl files



DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC
       Some possibilities:

       a.  If you get a strange error, do look carefully at the output that is
       on the screen and in log files.  While there is much  that  is  notori-
       ously verbose in the output of latex (and that is added to by latexmk),
       the verbosity is there for a reason: to enable  the  user  to  diagnose
       problems.   Latexmk  does repeat some messages at the end of a run that
       it thinks would otherwise be easy to miss in the middle of  other  out-
       put.

       b. Generally, remember that latexmk does its work by running other pro-
       grams.  Your first priority in dealing with errors should be to examine
       what went wrong with the individual programs.  Then you need to correct
       the causes of errors in the runs of these programs.  (Often these  come
       from  errors in the source document, but they could also be about miss-
       ing LaTeX packages, etc.)

       c. If latexmk doesn't run the programs the way you would like, then you
       need  to look in this documentation at the list of command line options
       and then at the sections on configuration/initialization files.  A  lot
       of  latexmk's  behavior  is configurable to deal with particular situa-
       tions.  (But there is a lot of reading!)

       The remainder of these notes consists of ideas for  dealing  with  more



                               20 November 2021                             25





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       difficult situations.

       d.  Further tricks can involve replacing the standard commands that la-
       texmk runs by other commands or scripts.

       e. For possible examples of code for use in an RC file, see the  direc-
       tory   example_rcfiles   in  the  distribution  of  latexmk  (e.g.,  at
       http://mirror.ctan.org/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).  Even if these
       examples don't do what you want, they may provide suitable inspiration.

       f.  There's  a  useful trick that can be used when you use lualatex in-
       stead of pdflatex (and in some related  situations).   The  problem  is
       that  latexmk won't notice a dependency on a file, bar.baz say, that is
       input by the lua code in your document instead of by  the  LaTeX  part.
       (Thus  if you change bar.baz and rerun latexmk, then latexmk will think
       no files have changed and not rerun lualatex, whereas if you had  '\in-
       put{bar.baz}'  in  the LaTeX part of the document, latexmk would notice
       the change.)  One solution is just to put the  following  somewhere  in
       the LaTeX part of the document:

                     \typeout{(bar.baz)}

       This  puts  a  line in the log file that latexmk will treat as implying
       that the file bar.baz was read.  (At present I don't know a way of  do-
       ing  this automatically.)  Of course, if the file has a different name,
       change bar.baz to the name of your file.

       g. See also the section "Advanced Configuration: Some extra resources".

       h.   Look   on   tex.stackexchange,   i.e.,   at    http://tex.stackex-
       change.com/questions/tagged/latexmk   Someone  may  have already solved
       your problem.

       i. Ask a question at tex.stackexchange.com.

       j. Or ask me (the author of latexmk).  My e-mail is at the end of  this
       documentation.



ALLOWING FOR CHANGE OF OUTPUT FILE TYPE
       When one of the latex engines is run, the usual situation is that latex
       produces a .dvi file, while pdflatex and lualatex produce a .pdf  file.
       For xelatex the default is to produce a .pdf file, but to optimize pro-
       cessing time latexmk runs xelatex its -no-pdf option so  that  it  pro-
       duces  an  .xdv  file.   Further  processing by latexmk takes this as a
       starting point.

       However, the actual output file may differ from the normal expectation;
       and  then  latexmk can adjust its processing to accommodate this situa-
       tion.  The difference in output file type can happen for  two  reasons:
       One  is  that  for latex, pdflatex and lualatex the document itself can
       override the defaults. The other is that there may be a  configuration,
       or  misconfiguration,  such  that  the  program that latexmk invokes to



                               20 November 2021                             26





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       compile the document is not the expected one, or is given  options  in-
       compatible with what latexmk initially expects.

       Under  latex and pdflatex, control of the output format by the document
       is done by setting the \pdfoutput macro.  Under lualatex, the  \output-
       mode macro is used instead.

       One example of an important use-case for document control of the output
       format is a document that uses the psfrag package to  insert  graphical
       elements in the output file. The psfrag package achieves its effects by
       inserting postscript code in the output of the compilation of the docu-
       ment.   This entails the use of compilation to a .dvi file, followed by
       the use of conversion to a postscript  file  (either  directly,  as  by
       dvips  or  implicitly,  as an intermediate step by dvipdf).  Then it is
       useful to force output to be of the .dvi format by  inserting  \pdfout-
       put=0 in the preamble of the document.

       Another  example  is where the document uses graphics file of the .pdf,
       .jpg, and png types.  With the default setting for the  graphicx  pack-
       age,  these can be processed in compilation to .pdf but not with compi-
       lation to .dvi.  In this case, it is useful to insert  \pdfoutput=1  in
       the  preamble  of the document to force compilation to .pdf output for-
       mat.

       In all of these cases, it is needed that latexmk has to adjust its pro-
       cessing  to  deal with a mismatch between the actual output format (out
       of .pdf, .dvi, .xdv) and the initially expected  output,  if  possible.
       Latexmk does this provided the following conditions are met.

       The first is that latexmk's $allow_switch configuration variable is set
       to a non-zero value as it is by default.  If this variable is  zero,  a
       mismatch of filetypes in the compilation results in an error.

       The  second condition for latexmk to be able to handle a change of out-
       put type is that no explicit requests for .dvi or .ps output files  are
       made.    Explicit  requests  are  by  the  -dvi  and  -ps,  -print=dvi,
       -print=ps, -view=dvi, and -view=ps options, and by  corresponding  set-
       tings  of  the $dvi_mode, $postscript_mode, $print_type, and $view con-
       figuration variables.  The print-type and view-type  restrictions  only
       apply when printing and viewing are explicitly requested, respectively.
       For this purpose, the use of the -pdfdvi and -pdfps  options  (and  the
       corresponding  setting  of the $pdf_mode variable) does not count as an
       explicit request for the .dvi and .ps files; they are  merely  regarded
       as  a  request for making a .pdf file together with an initial proposal
       for the processing route to make it.

       Note that when accommodating a change in output file type, there is in-
       volved  a  substantial change in the network of rules that latexmk uses
       in its actions.  The second condition applied to accommodate  a  change
       is to avoid situations where the change in the rule network is too rad-
       ical to be readily handled automatically.






                               20 November 2021                             27





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


CONFIGURATION/INITIALIZATION (RC) FILES
       In this section is explained which configuration files are read by  la-
       texmk.  Subsequent  sections  "How  to  Set Variables in Initialization
       Files", "Format of  Command  Specifications",  "List  of  Configuration
       Variables  Usable  in Initialization Files", "Custom Dependencies", and
       "Advanced Configuration" give details on what  can  be  configured  and
       how.

       Latexmk can be customized using initialization files, which are read at
       startup in the following order:

       1) The system RC file, if it exists.
          On a UNIX system, latexmk searches the following directories for a
          system RC file, which may be named either "LatexMk" or  "latexmkrc".
       The
          directories are searched in the following order, and latexmk uses
          the first such file it finds (if any):
          "/etc",
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk".
          On a MS-Windows system it looks just in "C:\latexmk".
          On  a cygwin system (i.e., a MS-Windows system in which Perl is that
       of cygwin), latexmk looks in the directories
          "/cygdrive/c/latexmk",
          "/etc",
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk".

       If the environment variable LATEXMKRCSYS is set, its value is  used  as
       the name of the system RC file, instead of any of the above.

       2) The user's RC file, if it exists.  This can be in one of two places.
       The traditional one is ".latexmkrc" in the user's home directory.   The
       other  possibility  is "latexmk/latexmkrc" in the user's XDG configura-
       tion home directory.  The actual file read is the first  of  "$XDG_CON-
       FIG_HOME/latexmk/latexmkrc"  or  "$HOME/.latexmkrc" which exists.  (See
       https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-lat-
       est.html for details on the XDG Base Directory Specification.)

       Here  $HOME  is  the  user's  home  directory.  [Latexmk determines the
       user's home directory as follows:  It is the value of  the  environment
       variable  HOME,  if this variable exists, which normally is the case on
       UNIX-like systems (including Linux and OS-X).  Otherwise  the  environ-
       ment  variable USERPROFILE is used, if it exists, which normally is the
       case on MS-Windows systems. Otherwise a blank string is used instead of
       $HOME, in which case latexmk does not look for an RC file in it.]

       $XDG_CONFIG_HOME  is  the  value  of  the environment variable XDG_CON-
       FIG_HOME if it exists.  If this environment variable  does  not  exist,
       but  $HOME  is  non-blank,  then $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is set to the default
       value of $HOME/.config.  Otherwise $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is blank,  and  la-
       texmk does not look for an RC file under it.



                               20 November 2021                             28





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       3)  The  RC  file  in  the current working directory.  This file can be
       named either "latexmkrc" or ".latexmkrc", and the first of these to  be
       found is used, if any.

       4) Any RC file(s) specified on the command line with the -r option.

       Each RC file is a sequence of Perl commands.  Naturally, a user can use
       this in creative ways.  But for most purposes, one simply  uses  a  se-
       quence of assignment statements that override some of the built-in set-
       tings of Latexmk.  Straightforward cases can be handled without  knowl-
       edge  of  the  Perl  language by using the examples in this document as
       templates.  Comment lines are introduced by the "#" character.

       Note that command line options are obeyed in the order  in  which  they
       are written; thus any RC file specified on the command line with the -r
       option can override previous options but can be  itself  overridden  by
       later  options on the command line.  There is also the -e option, which
       allows initialization code to be specified in latexmk's command line.

        For possible examples of code for in an RC file, see the directory ex-
       ample_rcfiles  in  the  distribution  of  latexmk (e.g., at http://mir-
       ror.ctan.org/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).


HOW TO SET VARIABLES IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       The important variables that can be configured  are  described  in  the
       section  "List  of  configuration  variables  usable  in initialization
       files".  (See the earlier  section  "Configuration/Initialization  (rc)
       Files"  for  the  files where the configurations are done.)  Syntax for
       setting these variables is of the following forms:

                           $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %S';

       for the setting of a string variable,

                           $preview_mode = 1;

       for the setting of a numeric variable, and

                           @default_files = ('paper', 'paper1');

       for the setting of an array of strings.  It is possible  to  append  an
       item to an array variable as follows:

                           push @default_files, 'paper2';

       Note  that  simple  "scalar"  variables  have names that begin with a $
       character and array variables have names that begin with a @ character.
       Each statement ends with a semicolon.

       Strings  should  be  enclosed  in single quotes.  (You could use double
       quotes, as in many programming languages.  But then the  Perl  program-
       ming  language  brings  into  play some special rules for interpolating
       variables into strings.  People not fluent in Perl will want  to  avoid



                               20 November 2021                             29





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       these complications.)

       You  can do much more complicated things, but for this you will need to
       consult a manual for the Perl programming language.




FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS
       Some of the variables set the commands that latexmk uses  for  carrying
       out  its  work, for example to generate a .dvi file from a .tex file or
       to view a postscript file.  This section describes some important  fea-
       tures of how the commands are specified.  (Note that some of the possi-
       bilities listed here do not apply to the $kpsewhich variable;  see  its
       documentation.)

       Placeholders:  Supposed you wanted latexmk to use the command elatex in
       place of the regular latex  command,  and  suppose  moreover  that  you
       wanted  to  give  it the option "--shell-escape".  You could do this by
       the following setting:

            $latex = 'elatex --shell-escape %O %S';

       The two items starting with the % character  are  placeholders.   These
       are  substituted by appropriate values before the command is run.  Thus
       %S will be replaced by the source file that elatex will be applied  to,
       and  %O will be replaced by any options that latexmk has decided to use
       for this command.  (E.g., if you used the -silent option in the invoca-
       tion  of  latexmk,   it  results in the replacement of %O by "-interac-
       tion=batchmode".)

       The available placeholders are:

       %A     basename of the main tex file.  Unlike %R, this is unaffected by
              the setting of a jobname by  the -jobname option or the $jobname
              configuration value.

       %B     base of filename for current command.   E.g.,  if  a  postscript
              file  document.ps  is being made from the dvi file document.dvi,
              then the basename is document.

       %D     destination file (e.g., the name of  the  postscript  file  when
              converting a dvi file to postscript).

       %O     options

       %P     If  the  variable $pre_tex_code is non-empty, then %P is substi-
              tuted  by  the  contents  of  $pre_tex_code  followed  by   \in-
              put{SOURCE},  where  SOURCE  stands  for  the name of the source
              file.  Appropriate quoting is done.  This enables TeX code to be
              passed  to  one  of the *latex engines to be executed before the
              source file is read.

              If the variable $pre_tex_code is the empty string,  then  %P  is



                               20 November 2021                             30





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              equivalent to %S.

       %R     root filename.  This is the base name for the main tex file.

              By  default  this is the basename of the main tex file.  However
              the value can be changed by the use of the  -jobname  option  or
              the $jobname configuration variable.

       %S     source  file  (e.g.,  the name of the dvi file when converting a
              .dvi file to ps).

       %T     The name of the primary tex file.

       %U     If the variable $pre_tex_code is non-empty, then  its  value  is
              substituted  for %U (appropriately quoted).  Otherwise it is re-
              placed by a null string.

       %Y     Name of directory for auxiliary output files (see the configura-
              tion variable $aux_dir).  A directory separation character ('/')
              is appended if $aux_dir is non-empty and does not end in a suit-
              able character, with suitable characters being those appropriate
              to UNIX and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.   Note  that  if
              after  initialization,  $out_dir is set, but $aux_dir is not set
              (i.e., it is blank), then latexmk  sets  $aux_dir  to  the  same
              value $out_dir.

       %Z     Name  of directory for output files (see the configuration vari-
              able $out_dir).  A directory separation character ('/')  is  ap-
              pended  if  $out_dir is non-empty and does not end in a suitable
              character, with suitable characters being those  appropriate  to
              UNIX and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.

       If  for  some  reason you need a literal % character in your string not
       subject to the above rules, use "%%".

       Appropriate quoting will be applied to the filename  substitutions,  so
       you  mustn't  supply them yourself even if the names of your files have
       spaces in them.  (But if your TeX filenames have spaces in them, beware
       that  some  older  versions  of the TeX program cannot correctly handle
       filenames containing spaces.)  In case latexmk's quoting does not  work
       correctly  on your system, you can turn it off -- see the documentation
       for the variable $quote_filenames.

       See the default values in the section "List of configuration  variables
       usable in initialization files" for what is normally the most appropri-
       ate usage.

       If you omit to supply any placeholders whatever in the specification of
       a  command,  latexmk will supply what its author thinks are appropriate
       defaults.  This gives compatibility with configuration files for previ-
       ous versions of latexmk, which didn't use placeholders.

       "Detaching"  a  command: Normally when latexmk runs a command, it waits
       for the command to run to completion.  This is appropriate for commands



                               20 November 2021                             31





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       like latex, of course.  But for previewers, the command should normally
       run detached, so that latexmk gets the previewer running and  then  re-
       turns  to  its next task (or exits if there is nothing else to do).  To
       achieve this effect of detaching a command, you  need  to  precede  the
       command name with "start ", as in

            $dvi_previewer = 'start xdvi %O %S';

       This  will  be translated to whatever is appropriate for your operating
       system.

       Notes: (1) In some circumstances, latexmk will always run a command de-
       tached.   This  is the case for a previewer in preview continuous mode,
       since otherwise previewing continuously makes no sense.  (2) This  pre-
       cludes  the  possibility  of running a command named start.  (3) If the
       word start occurs more than  once  at  the  beginning  of  the  command
       string,  that is equivalent to having just one.  (4) Under cygwin, some
       complications happen, since cygwin amounts to a complicated merging  of
       UNIX  and  MS-Windows.   See  the  source code for how I've handled the
       problem.

       Command names containing spaces: Under MS-Windows it is common that the
       name of a command includes spaces, since software is often installed in
       a subdirectory of "C:\Program Files".  Such command names should be en-
       closed in double quotes, as in

            $lpr_pdf  =  '"c:/Program  Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe"  /p
       %S';
            $pdf_previewer   =   'start   "c:/Program   Files/SumatraPDF/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';
            $pdf_previewer  =  'start "c:/Program Files/SumatraPDF (x86)/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';


       (Note about the above example: Under  MS-Windows  forward  slashes  are
       equivalent to backslashes in a filename under almost all circumstances,
       provided that the filename is inside double quotes.  It  is  easier  to
       use forward slashes in examples like the one above, since then one does
       not have to worry about the rules for dealing with forward  slashes  in
       strings in the Perl language.)

       Command  names  under  Cygwin: If latexmk is executed by Cygwin's Perl,
       be particularly certain that pathnames in commands have forward slashes
       not  the  usual  backslashes  for the separator of pathname components.
       See the above examples.  Backslashes often get  misinterpreted  by  the
       Unix shell used by Cygwin's Perl to execute external commands.  Forward
       slashes don't suffer from this problem, and (when quoted, as above) are
       equally acceptable to MS-Windows.

       Using  MS-Windows  file  associations: A useful trick under modern ver-
       sions of MS-Windows (e.g., WinXP) is to use just the command 'start' by
       itself:

            $dvi_previewer = 'start %S';



                               20 November 2021                             32





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       Under MS-Windows, this will cause to be run whatever program the system
       has associated with dvi files.  (The  same  applies  for  a  postscript
       viewer and a pdf viewer.)  But note that this trick is not always suit-
       able for the pdf previwer, if your system has acroread for the  default
       pdf viewer.  As explained elsewhere, acroread under MS-Windows does not
       work well with latex and latexmk, because acroread locks the pdf file.

       Not using a certain command: If a command is not to be run, the command
       name NONE is used, as in

            $lpr  = 'NONE lpr';

       This  typically  is  used when an appropriate command does not exist on
       your system.  The string after the "NONE" is effectively a comment.

       Options to commands: Setting the name of a command can be used not only
       for changing the name of the command called, but also to add options to
       command.  Suppose you want latexmk to use latex  with  source  specials
       enabled.   Then  you  might use the following line in an initialization
       file:

            $latex = 'latex --src-specials %O %S';

       Running a subroutine instead of an external command: Use  a  specifica-
       tion starting with "internal", as in

            $latex = 'internal mylatex %O %S';
            sub mylatex {
                my @args = @_;
                # Possible preprocessing here
                return system 'latex', @args;
            }

       For  some  of the more exotic possibilities that then become available,
       see the section "ADVANCED CONFIGURATION: Some extra resources  and  ad-
       vanced  tricks".  Also  see some of the examples in the directory exam-
       ple_rcfiles in the latexmk distribution.

       Advanced tricks: Normally one specifies a single command for  the  com-
       mands  invoked by latexmk.  Naturally, if there is some complicated ad-
       ditional processing you need to do in your special situation,  you  can
       write a script (or batch file) to do the processing, and then configure
       latexmk to use your script in place of the standard program.

       You can also use a Perl subroutine instead of a script  --  see  above.
       This is generally the most flexible and portable solution.

       It is also possible to configure latexmk to run multiple commands.  For
       example, if when running pdflatex to generate a pdf  file  from  a  tex
       file you need to run another program after pdflatex to perform some ex-
       tra processing, you could do something like:

            $pdflatex = 'pdflatex --shell-escape  %O  %S;  pst2pdf_for_latexmk
       %B';



                               20 November 2021                             33





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       This  definition  assumes  you  are using a UNIX-like system (which in-
       cludes Linux and OS-X), so that the two commands to be  run  are  sepa-
       rated by the semicolon in the middle of the string.

       If you are using MS-Windows, you would replace the above line by

          $pdflatex = 'cmd /c pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S'
                      . '&& pst2pdf_for_latexmk %B';

       Here,  the  UNIX  command  separator ; is replaced by &&.  In addition,
       there is a problem that some versions of Perl on MS-Windows do not obey
       the  command separator; this problem is overcome by explicitly invoking
       the MS-Windows command-line processor cmd.exe.


LIST OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES USABLE IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       In this section are specified the variables whose  values  can  be  ad-
       justed  to  configure  latexmk.   (See  the earlier section "Configura-
       tion/Initialization (rc) Files" for the files where the  configurations
       are done.)

       Default values are indicated in brackets.  Note that for variables that
       are boolean in character, concerning whether latexmk does or  does  not
       behave  in a certain way, a non-zero value, normally 1, indicates true,
       i.e., the behavior occurs, while a zero value indicates a false  value,
       i.e., the behavior does not occur.


       $allow_switch [1]

              This  controls  what happens when the output extension of latex,
              pdflatex, lualatex or xelatex differs  from  what  is  expected.
              (The possible extensions are .dvi, .pdf, .xdv.)  This can happen
              with the use of the \pdfoutput macro in a document compiled  un-
              der  latex or pdflatex, or with the use of the \outputmode macro
              under lualatex.  It can also happen with certain kinds of incor-
              rect configuration.

              In  such a case, latexmk can appropriately adjust its network of
              rules.  The adjustment is made if $allow_switch is on, and if no
              request for a dvi or ps file has been made.

              See the section ALLOWING FOR CHANGE OF OUTPUT EXTENSION.


       $always_view_file_via_temporary [0]
              Whether  .ps and .pdf files are initially to be made in a tempo-
              rary directory and then moved to the final location.  (This  ap-
              plies to dvips, dvipdf, and ps2pdf operations, and the filtering
              operators on .dvi and .ps files.  It does not apply to pdflatex,
              unfortunately,  since  pdflatex  provides no way of specifying a
              chosen name for the output file.)

              This use of a temporary file solves a problem that the making of



                               20 November 2021                             34





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              these files can occupy a substantial time.  If a viewer (notably
              gv) sees that the file has changed, it may read the new file be-
              fore the program writing the file has not yet finished its work,
              which  can cause havoc.

              See the $pvc_view_file_via_temporary variable for a setting that
              applies  only  if preview-continuous mode (-pvc option) is used.
              See $tmpdir for the setting of the directory where the temporary
              file is created.


       $analyze_input_log_always [1]

              After  a run of latex (etc), always analyze .log for input files
              in the <...> and (...) constructions.  Otherwise,  only  do  the
              analysis when fls file doesn't exist or is out of date.

              Under  normal  circumstances,  the data in the fls file is reli-
              able, and the test of the log file gets lots of false positives;
              usually  $analyze_input_log_always is best set to zero.  But the
              test of the log file is needed at least in the following  situa-
              tion:  When a user needs to persuade latexmk that a certain file
              is a source file, and latexmk doesn't otherwise find  it.   Then
              the  user  can  write  code  that causes a line with (...) to be
              written to log file.  One important case is for lualatex,  which
              doesn't  always  generate  lines  in the .fls file for input lua
              files.  (The situation with lualatex is  HIGHLY  version  depen-
              dent,  e.g.,  there  was  a  big change between TeXLive 2016 and
              TeXLive 2017.)

              To keep backward compatibility with older versions  of  latexmk,
              the default is to set $analyze_input_log_always to 1.


       $auto_rc_use [1]
              Whether  to  automatically read the standard initialization (rc)
              files, which are the system RC file, the user's RC file, and the
              RC file in the current directory.  The command line option -norc
              can be used to turn this setting off.  Each RC file  could  also
              turn  this  setting off, i.e., it could set $auto_rc_use to zero
              to prevent automatic reading of the later RC files.

              This variable does not affect the reading of RC files  specified
              on the command line by the -r option.

       $aux_dir [""]
              The directory in which auxiliary files (aux, log, etc) are to be
              written by a run of *latex.  If this variable is  not  set,  but
              $out_dir  is set, then $aux_dir is set to $out_dir, which is the
              directory to which general output files are to be written.

              Important note:  The  effect  of  $aux_dir,  if  different  from
              $out_dir, is achieved by giving *latex the -aux-directory.  Cur-
              rently (Dec. 2011 and later)  this  only  works  on  the  MiKTeX



                               20 November 2021                             35





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              version of *latex.

              See also the documentation of $out_dir for some complications on
              what directory names are suitable.

              If you also use the -cd option, and $out_dir (or $aux_dir)  con-
              tains  a relative path, then the path is interpreted relative to
              the document directory.


       $aux_out_dir_report [0]
              For each .tex file processed, list the settings for aux and  out
              directories,  after  they have been normalized from the settings
              specified during initialization.

              This report gives a reminder of where to look for output.

              The report has to be done per file, because of  possible  direc-
              tory  changes  for each file.  In the simplest cases, the result
              is the same as originally specified.  In general, e.g., with  an
              absolute  directory  specified,  the normalization helps perfor-
              mance and cleans up output to the screen. It also avoids  situa-
              tions  where  a  file in the current directory is referred to by
              different names, e.g., "file.aux" and "./file.aux", which can be
              annoying.



       $banner [0]
              If  nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page when
              converting the dvi file to postscript.   Without  modifying  the
              variable  $banner_message,  this is equivalent to specifying the
              -d option.

              Note that if $banner is nonzero, the $postscript_mode is assumed
              and the postscript file is always generated, even if it is newer
              than the dvi file.

       $banner_intensity [0.95]
              Equivalent to the -bi option, this is a decimal number between 0
              and  1 that specifies how dark to print the banner message. 0 is
              black, 1 is white.  The default is just right if your toner car-
              tridge isn't running too low.

       $banner_message ["DRAFT"]
              The banner message to print across each page when converting the
              dvi file to postscript.  This is equivalent to the -bm option.

       $banner_scale [220.0]
              A decimal number that specifies how  large  the  banner  message
              will  be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right
              scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be
              about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
              message.  The Default is just right for  5  character  messages.



                               20 November 2021                             36





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              This is equivalent to the -bs option.

       @BIBINPUTS
              This  is  an array variable, now mostly obsolete, that specifies
              directories where latexmk should look for .bib  files.   By  de-
              fault  it  is set from the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the
              operating system.  If that environment variable is  not  set,  a
              single  element list consisting of the current directory is set.
              The format of the directory names depends on your operating sys-
              tem, of course.  Examples for setting this variable are:

                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "\\server\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "//server/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "/usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib" );

              Note  that  under  MS  Windows,  either a forward slash "/" or a
              backward slash "\" can be used to separate pathname  components,
              so  the  first  two  and the second two examples are equivalent.
              Each backward slash should be doubled to avoid running afoul  of
              Perl's rules for writing strings.

              Important note: This variable is now mostly obsolete in the cur-
              rent version of latexmk, since it has a better method of search-
              ing  for  files  using  the kpsewhich command.  However, if your
              system is an unusual one without the kpsewhich command, you  may
              need to set the variable @BIBINPUTS.

       $biber ["biber %O %S"]
              The biber processing program.

       $biber_silent_switch ["--onlylog"]
              Switch(es)  for the biber processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $bibtex ["bibtex %O %S"]
              The BibTeX processing program.

       $bibtex_fudge [1]
              When using bibtex, whether to change directory to  $aux_dir  be-
              fore running bibtex.

              The need arises as follows:

              a.  With  bibtex  before about 2019, if the filename given to it
              contains a path component, there was a bug that bibtex would not
              find  extra  aux  files,  as produced by the \include command in
              TeX.

              b. With all moderately recent versions  of  bibtex,  bibtex  may
              refuse to write its bbl and blg files, for security reasons, for
              certain cases of the path component of the filename given to it.




                               20 November 2021                             37





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              However, there are also rare cases  where  the  change-directory
              method  prevents  bibtex  from finding certain bib or bst files.
              Then $bibtex_fudge needs to be set to 0.


       $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
              Switch(es) for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $bibtex_use [1]
              Under what conditions to run bibtex or biber.  When latexmk dis-
              covers from the log file that one (or more)  bibtex/biber-gener-
              ated  bibliographies  are used, it can run bibtex or biber when-
              ever it appears necessary to regenerate  the  bbl  file(s)  from
              their  source  bib  database  file(s).   But  sometimes, the bib
              file(s) are not available (e.g., for a document obtained from an
              external archive), but the bbl files are provided.  In that case
              use of bibtex or biber will result in incorrect  overwriting  of
              the  precious  bbl  files.   The  variable  $bibtex_use controls
              whether this happens, and also  controls  whether  or  not  .bbl
              files are deleted in a cleanup operation.

              The possible values of $bibtex_use are:
                0:  never  use  BibTeX  or biber; never delete .bbl files in a
              cleanup.
                1: only use bibtex or biber if  the  bib  files  exist;  never
              delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
                1.5:  only  use bibtex or biber if the bib files exist; condi-
              tionally delete .bbl files in a cleanup (i.e., delete them  only
              when the bib files all exist).
                2: run bibtex or biber whenever it appears necessary to update
              the bbl files, without testing for  the  existence  of  the  bib
              files; always delete .bbl files in a cleanup.

              Note  that  the value 1.5 does not work properly if the document
              uses biber instead of bibtex.  (There's a long story why not.)


       $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated [0]
              If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files  that  are
              generated by custom dependencies.  (When doing a clean up, e.g.,
              by use of the -C option, custom dependencies are those listed in
              the .fdb_latexmk file from a previous run.)

       $cleanup_includes_generated [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
              detected in the fls file (or failing that, in log file) as being
              generated.   It  will  also  include files made from these first
              generation generated files.

              This operation is somewhat dangerous, and  can  have  unintended
              consequences,  since the files to be deleted are determined from
              a file created by *latex, which can contain  erroneous  informa-
              tion. Therefore this variable is turned off by default, and then



                               20 November 2021                             38





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              files to be deleted are restricted to those explicitly specified
              by    patterns    configured   in   the   variables   clean_ext,
              clean_full_ext, and @generated_exts, together  with  those  very
              standard  cases  that  are  hardwired  into  latexmk (e.g., .log
              files).

       $cleanup_mode [0]
              If nonzero, specifies cleanup mode: 1 for full  cleanup,  2  for
              cleanup  except  for .dvi, .ps and .pdf files, 3 for cleanup ex-
              cept for dep and aux files.  (There is also  extra  cleaning  as
              specified by the $clean_ext, $clean_full_ext and @generated_exts
              variables.)

              This variable is equivalent to specifying one of the  -c  or  -C
              options.   But there should be no need to set this variable from
              an RC file.

       $clean_ext [""]
              Extra extensions of files for latexmk to remove when any of  the
              clean-up  options  (-c  or  -C)  is selected.  The value of this
              variable is a string containing the extensions separated by spa-
              ces.

              It is also possible to specify a more general pattern of file to
              be deleted, by using the place holder %R, as in commands, and it
              is also possible to use wildcards.  Thus setting

                  $clean_ext  =  "out  %R-blx.bib  %R-figures*.log  pythontex-
              files-%R/*";

              in an initialization file will imply that when a clean-up opera-
              tion  is  specified,  not  only  is  the  standard  set of files
              deleted, but also files of the form FOO.out,  FOO-blx.bib,  FOO-
              figures*.log,  and  pythontex-files-FOO/*,  where FOO stands for
              the basename of the file being processed (as in FOO.tex).

              The files to be deleted are relative to the directory  specified
              by  $aux_dir.   (Note  that if $out_dir but not $aux_dir is set,
              then in its  initialization,  latexmk  sets  $aux_dir  equal  to
              $out_dir.   A normal situation is therefore that $aux_dir equals
              $out_dir, which is the only case supported  by  TeXLive,  unlike
              MiKTeX.)

              The  filenames  specified for a clean-up operation can refer not
              only to regular files but also to directories.  Directories  are
              only deleted if they are empty.  An example of an application is
              to pythontex, which creates files  in  a  particular  directory.
              You  can  arrange  to remove both the files and the directory by
              setting

                  $clean_ext = "pythontex-files-%R pythontex-files-%R";

              See also the variable @generated_exts.




                               20 November 2021                             39





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $clean_full_ext [""]
              Extra extensions of files for latexmk to remove when the -C  op-
              tion  is  selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove when the
              .dvi, etc files are to be cleaned-up.

              More general patterns are allowed, as for $clean_ext.

              The files specified by $clean_full_ext to be deleted  are  rela-
              tive to the directory specified by $out_dir.


       $compiling_cmd [""], $failure_cmd [""], $warning_cmd [""], $success_cmd
       [""]

              These variables specify commands that are  executed  at  certain
              points  of  compilations.  One motivation for their existence is
              to allow very useful convenient visual indications  of  compila-
              tion  status even when the window receiving the screen output of
              the compilation is hidden.  This is particularly useful in  pre-
              view-continuous mode.

              The  commands  are  executed  at  the following points: $compil-
              ing_cmd at the start of compilation, $success_cmd at the end  of
              a  completely successful compilation, $failure_cmd at the end of
              an unsuccessful compilation, $warning_cmd at the of an otherwise
              successful compilation that gives warnings about undefined cita-
              tions or references or about multiply defined references. If any
              of  above  variables  is  undefined or blank (the default situa-
              tion), then the corresponding command is not executed.

              However, when $warning_cmd is not set, then in  the  case  of  a
              compilation  with  warnings  about  references or citations, but
              with no other error, one or  other  of  $success_cmd  or  $fail-
              ure_cmd  is  used  (if  it  is  set) according to the setting of
              $warnings_as_errors.

              An example of a simple setting of these variables is as follows

                  $compiling_cmd = "xdotool search  --name  \"%D\"  set_window
              --name \"%D compiling\"";
                  $success_cmd    =  "xdotool  search --name \"%D\" set_window
              --name \"%D OK\"";
                  $warning_cmd   = "xdotool search --name \"%D\" ".
                                   "set_window --name \"%D CITE/REF ISSUE\"";
                  $failure_cmd   = "xdotool search  --name  \"%D\"  set_window
              --name \"%D FAILURE\"";

              These  assume  that  the  program xdotool is installed, that the
              previewer is using an X-Window system for display, and that  the
              title  of the window contains the name of the displayed file, as
              it normally does.  When the commands are  executed,  the  place-
              holder  string  %D  is  replaced  by the name of the destination
              file, which is the previewed file.  The above commands result in
              an  appropriate  string  being  appended  to the filename in the



                               20 November 2021                             40





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              window title: " compiling", " OK", or " FAILURE".

              Other placeholders that can be used are %S, %T, and %R, with  %S
              and  %T normally being identical. These can be useful for a com-
              mand changing the title of the edit window. The  visual  indica-
              tion  in a window title can useful, since the user does not have
              to keep shifting attention to the (possibly hidden)  compilation
              window to know the status of the compilation.

              More  complicated  situations  can best be handled by defining a
              Perl subroutine to invoke the necessary commands, and using  the
              "internal"  keyword  in the definitions to get the subroutine to
              be invoked.  (See the section "Format of Command Specifications"
              for how to do this.)

              Naturally,  the  above  settings that invoke the xdotool program
              are only applicable when the X-Window system  is  used  for  the
              relevant window(s).  For other cases, you will have to find what
              software solutions are available.


       @cus_dep_list [()]
              Custom dependency list -- see section on "Custom Dependencies".

       @default_excluded_files [()]
              When latexmk is invoked with no files specified on  the  command
              line, then, by default, it will process all files in the current
              directory with the extension .tex.  (In general, it will process
              the files specified in the @default_files variable.)

              But sometimes you want to exclude particular files from this de-
              fault list.  In that case you can specify the excluded files  in
              the array @default_excluded_files.  For example if you wanted to
              process all .tex files with the exception of  common.tex,  which
              is a not a standard alone LaTeX file but a file input by some or
              all of the others, you could do

                   @default_files = ("*.tex");

                   @default_excluded_files = ("common.tex");

              If you have a variable or large number of files to be processed,
              this method saves you from having to list them in detail in @de-
              fault_files and having to update the list every time you  change
              the set of files to be processed.

              Notes:  1.  This variable has no effect except when no files are
              specified on the latexmk command line.  2. Wildcards are allowed
              in @default_excluded_files.

       @default_files [("*.tex")]
              Default list of files to be processed.

              If  no  filenames  are  specified  on  the command line, latexmk



                               20 November 2021                             41





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              processes all tex files specified in  the  @default_files  vari-
              able,  which by default is set to all tex files ("*.tex") in the
              current directory.  This is a convenience: just run latexmk  and
              it  will process an appropriate set of files.  But sometimes you
              want only some of these files to be processed.  In this case you
              can  list the files to be processed by setting @default_files in
              an initialization file (e.g., the file "latexmkrc" in  the  cur-
              rent  directory).  Then if no files are specified on the command
              line then the files you specify by  setting  @default_files  are
              processed.

              Three examples:

                   @default_files = ("paper_current");

                   @default_files = ("paper1", "paper2.tex");

                   @default_files = ("*.tex", "*.dtx");

              Note  that more than file may be given, and that the default ex-
              tension is ".tex".  Wild cards are allowed.  The parentheses are
              because @default_files is an array variable, i.e., a sequence of
              filename specifications is possible.

              If you want latexmk to process all .tex files with a few  excep-
              tions, see the @default_excluded_files array variable.

       $dependents_phony [0]
              If  a  list  of dependencies is output, this variable determines
              whether to include a phony target for each source file.  If  you
              use  the  dependents  list  in  a Makefile, the dummy rules work
              around errors make gives if you remove header files without  up-
              dating the Makefile to match.

       $dependents_list [0]
              Whether  to  display  a  list(s) of dependencies at the end of a
              run.

       $deps_file ["-"]
              Name of file to receive list(s) of dependencies at the end of  a
              run,  to be used if $dependesnt_list is set.  If the filename is
              "-", then the dependency list is set to stdout  (i.e.,  normally
              the screen).


       $do_cd [0]
              Whether  to  change working directory to the directory specified
              for the main source file before processing it.  The default  be-
              havior  is  not to do this, which is the same as the behavior of
              *latex programs.  This variable is set by the -cd and  -cd-  op-
              tions on latexmk's command line.

       $dvi_filter [empty]
              The  dvi  file  filter  to be run on the newly produced dvi file



                               20 November 2021                             42





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              before other processing.  Equivalent to specifying the  -dF  op-
              tion.

       $dvi_mode [See below for default]
              If  nonzero, generate a dvi version of the document.  Equivalent
              to the -dvi option.

              The variable $dvi_mode defaults to 0, but  if  no  explicit  re-
              quests  are made for other types of file (postscript, pdf), then
              $dvi_mode will be set to 1.  In addition, if  a  request  for  a
              file  for  which  a  .dvi file is a prerequisite, then $dvi_mode
              will be set to 1.

       $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
              The command to invoke a dvi-previewer.   [Under  MS-Windows  the
              default  is "start"; then latexmk arranges to use the MS-Windows
              start program, which will cause to be run whatever  command  the
              system has associated with .dvi files.]

              Important  note:  Normally you will want to have a previewer run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate  before continuing its work.  So normally you should pre-
              fix the command by "start ", which  flags  to  latexmk  that  it
              should  do  the  detaching  of the previewer itself (by whatever
              method is appropriate to the operating system).   But  sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start "  bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.

       $dvi_previewer_landscape ["start xdvi %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a dvi-previewer in landscape mode.  [Under
              MS-Windows the default is "start"; then latexmk arranges to  use
              the  MS-Windows  start program, which will cause to be run what-
              ever command the system has associated with .dvi files.]

       $dvipdf ["dvipdf -dALLOWPSTRANSPARENCY %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert .dvi to .pdf file.  A common  reconfiguration
              is  to  use  the dvipdfm command, which needs its arguments in a
              different order:

                   $dvipdf = "dvipdfm %O -o %D %S";

              WARNING: The default dvipdf  script  generates  pdf  files  with
              bitmapped fonts, which do not look good when viewed by acroread.
              That script should be modified to give  dvips  the  options  "-P
              pdf" to ensure that type 1 fonts are used in the pdf file.

       $dvipdf_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvipdf program when silent mode is on.

              N.B.  The  standard  dvipdf program runs silently, so adding the
              silent switch has no effect, but is actually innocuous.  But  if
              an  alternative program is used, e.g., dvipdfmx, then the silent
              switch has an  effect.   The  default  setting  is  correct  for



                               20 November 2021                             43





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              dvipdfm and dvipdfmx.

       $dvips ["dvips %O -o %D %S"]
              The  program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a .ps
              file.  If pdf is going to be generated from pdf, then the  value
              of  the  $dvips_pdf_switch  variable -- see below -- will be in-
              cluded in the options substituted for "%O".

       $dvips_landscape ["dvips -tlandscape %O -o %D %S"]
              The program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a  .ps
              file in landscape mode.

       $dvips_pdf_switch ["-P pdf"]
              Switch(es)  for  dvips  program when pdf file is to be generated
              from .ps file.

       $dvips_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when silent mode is on.

       $dvi_update_command [""]
              When the dvi previewer is set to be updated by  running  a  com-
              mand,  this is the command that is run.  See the information for
              the variable $dvi_update_method for further information, and see
              information  on  the  variable $pdf_update_method for an example
              for the analogous case of a pdf previewer.

       $dvi_update_method [2 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How the dvi viewer updates its display when  the  dvi  file  has
              changed.    The  values  here  apply  equally  to  the  $pdf_up-
              date_method and to the $ps_update_method variables.
                  0 => update is automatic,
                  1=> manual update by user, which may only mean a mouse click
              on the viewer's window or may mean a more serious action.
                  2  =>  Send  the  signal,  whose  number  is in the variable
              $dvi_update_signal.  The default value under  UNIX  is  suitable
              for xdvi.
                  3  => Viewer cannot do an update, because it locks the file.
              (As with acroread under MS-Windows.)
                  4 => run a command to do the update.  The command is  speci-
              fied by the variable $dvi_update_command.

              See  information on the variable $pdf_update_method for an exam-
              ple of updating by command.

       $dvi_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGUSR1, which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the dvi viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal -- see  the  information  on  the
              variable  $dvi_update_method.   The default value is the one ap-
              propriate for xdvi on a UNIX system.

       $emulate_aux [0]
              Whether to emulate the use of aux_dir when $aux_dir and $out_dir
              are  different,  rather than using the -aux-directory option for



                               20 November 2021                             44





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              the  *latex  programs.   (MiKTeX  supports  -aux-directory,  but
              TeXLive doesn't.)

              If  you use a version of *latex that doesn't support -aux-direc-
              tory, e.g., TeXLive, latexmk will automatically  switch  aux_dir
              emulation on after the first run of *latex, because it will find
              the .log file in the wrong place.

              Aux_directory emulation means that when *latex is  invoked,  the
              output  directory  provided  to *latex is set to be the aux_dir.
              After that, any files that need to be in  the  output  directory
              will  be moved there. (These are the files with extensions .dvi,
              .ps, .pdf, .fls, .synctex, .synctex.gz.)


       $failure_cmd [undefined]
              See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.

       $fdb_ext ["fdb_latexmk"]
              The extension of the file which latexmk generates to  contain  a
              database  of information on source files.  You will not normally
              need to change this.

       $filetime_causality_threshold  [5];   $filetime_offset_report_threshold
       [30]. (Units of seconds.)

              These variables control how latexmk deals with the following is-
              sue, which can affect the use of files  that  are  on  a  remote
              filesystem (network share) instead of being on a file system lo-
              cal to the computer running latexmk.  Almost users will not have
              to  worry about these settings, and can ignore the following ex-
              planation.

              In almost all situations, latexmk does not need to use the  time
              stamps  of the files it works with.  However, there are a couple
              of situations when it needs to know whether a certain  file  was
              created  in  the current run of a program (e.g., *latex) or is a
              leftover file from a previous run. It does this by comparing the
              modification  time  of the file with the system time just before
              the program was started. If the  modification  time  is  earlier
              than  when the program was started, the file is a leftover file,
              which latexmk treats as if it were not created.  If the filetime
              is  at least the program start time, then it can be assumed that
              the file was created in the current run.

              Unfortunately, this test can fail if the file  is  on  a  remote
              system,  since  its  system time is not necessarily synchronized
              with that of the local system;  the  timestamps  on  the  remote
              files  are set by the remote system, not the local system.  Gen-
              erally, modern operating  systems  regularly  synchronize  their
              time  with  a server, so the non-synchronization is mostly small
              (a second or so, or a few seconds).  But even a small difference
              can mess up latexmk's test.




                               20 November 2021                             45





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Latexmk measures the time difference between the time on the two
              systems and compensates for this.  But  the  measurement  (in  a
              system-independent way) is only accurate to a second or two.  So
              latexmk allows for a threshold on the  difference  between  file
              and  system  time  before it concludes that a file is a leftover
              file from a previous  run.  The  configuration  variable  $file-
              time_causality_theshhold,  which  in units of seconds, specifies
              this threshold.  Luckily high precision is not needed.  The pre-
              vious  run  is normally the previous run in a human run-edit-run
              cycle, and is at least many seconds  back.   A  few  seconds  is
              therefore   appropriate  for  the  threshold,  $filetime_causal-
              ity_theshhold; it should be non-negative always, and  should  be
              bigger than 2 if a remote filesystem or network share is used.

              If  the  difference in system times on the two systems is large,
              it normally indicates that at least one of the systems  is  mis-
              configured.    The   variable  $filetime_offset_report_threshold
              specifies the smallest size of the  difference  (or  offset)  in
              seconds  between the times of the local and remote system beyond
              which the offset is reported.  This is reported at the point  in
              the  latexmk's  progress that it measures the offset. The report
              is made if silent mode is used and diagnostic mode is not on.


       $force_mode [0]
              If nonzero, continue processing past minor latex errors  includ-
              ing unrecognized cross references.  Equivalent to specifying the
              -f option.

       @generated_exts [( aux , bbl , idx , ind , lof , lot  ,  out  ,  toc  ,
       $fdb_ext )]
              This  contains a list of extensions for files that are generated
              during a LaTeX run and that are read in by LaTeX in later  runs,
              either directly or indirectly.

              This  list  specifies files known to be generated by *latex.  It
              is used in two ways: (a) The specified files are  deleted  in  a
              cleanup  operation  (with  the -c, -C, -CA, -g and -gg options),
              and (b) It affects the determination of whether a rerun of  *la-
              tex is needed after a run that gives an error.

              (Concerning item (b): Normally, a change of a source file during
              a run should provoke a rerun.  This includes a file generated by
              LaTeX,  e.g.,  an  aux file, that is read in on subsequent runs.
              But after a run that results in an error, a new run  should  not
              occur  until  the  user has made a change in the files.  But the
              user may have corrected an error in a source  .tex  file  during
              the run.  So latexmk needs to distinguish user-generated and au-
              tomatically generated files;  it  determines  the  automatically
              generated  files as those with extensions in the list in @gener-
              ated_exts.)

              A convenient way to add an extra extension to the list,  without
              losing  the already defined ones is to use a push command in the



                               20 November 2021                             46





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              line in an RC file.  E.g.,

                              push @generated_exts, "end";

              adds the extension "end" to the list of predefined generated ex-
              tensions.   (This  extension  is used by the RevTeX package, for
              example.)

       $go_mode [0]
              If nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is  then
              equivalent to the -g option.

       %hash_calc_ignore_pattern
              !!!This variable is for experts only!!!

              The  general rule latexmk uses for determining when an extra run
              of some program is needed is that one of the  source  files  has
              changed.   But  consider for example a latex package that causes
              an encapsulated postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made  that
              is  to  be read in on the next run.  The file contains a comment
              line giving its creation date and time.  On  the  next  run  the
              time  changes,  latex  sees  that  the eps file has changed, and
              therefore reruns latex.  This causes an infinite loop,  that  is
              only  terminated  because  latexmk  has a limit on the number of
              runs to guard against pathological situations.

              But the changing line has no real effect, since it is a comment.
              You can instruct latex to ignore the offending line as follows:

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: ';

              This creates a rule for files with extension .eps about lines to
              ignore.  The left-hand side is a Perl idiom for setting an  item
              in  a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without a
              period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string contain-
              ing  a  regular  expression.  (See documentation on Perl for how
              they are to be specified in general.)  This  particular  regular
              expression  specifies that lines beginning with "%%CreationDate:
              " are to be ignored in deciding whether a file of the given  ex-
              tension .eps has changed.

              There  is  only one regular expression available for each exten-
              sion.  If you need more one pattern to specify lines to  ignore,
              then  you need to combine the patterns into a single regular ex-
              pression.  The simplest method is separate the different  simple
              patterns  by  a vertical bar character (indicating "alternation"
              in the jargon of regular expressions).  For example,

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate:  |^%%Ti-
              tle: ';

              causes lines starting with either "^%%CreationDate: " or "^%%Ti-
              tle: " to be ignored.




                               20 November 2021                             47





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              It may happen that a pattern to be ignored is specified in,  for
              example,  in  a system or user initialization file, and you wish
              to remove this in a file that is read later.  To  do  this,  you
              use Perl's delete function, e.g.,

                  delete $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'};


       $jobname [""]

              This  specifies the jobname, i.e., the basename that is used for
              generated files (.aux, .log, .dvi, .ps,  .pdf,  etc).   If  this
              variable  is a null string, then the basename is the basename of
              the main tex file.  (At present, the string in  $jobname  should
              not contain spaces.)

              The  placeholder  '%A' is permitted. This will be substituted by
              the basename of the TeX file.  The primary purpose is when a va-
              riety  of  tex  files are to be processed, and you want to use a
              different jobname for each but one that is  distinct  for  each.
              Thus  if you wanted to compare compilations of a set of files on
              different operating systems, with distinct filenames for all the
              cases, you could set

                 $jobname = "%A-$^O";

              in  an initialization file.  (Here $^O is a variable provided by
              perl that contains perl's name for the operating system.)

              Suppose you had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex.   Then  when
              you run

                 latexmk -pdf *.tex

              both  files  will  be  compiled.  The .aux, .log, and .pdf files
              will have basenames test1-MSWin32 ante test2-MSWin32  on  a  MS-
              Windows system, test1-darwin and test2-darwin on an OS-X system,
              and a variety of similar cases on linux systems.


       $kpsewhich ["kpsewhich %S"]
              The program called to locate a source file when the  name  alone
              is  not  sufficient.  Most filenames used by latexmk have suffi-
              cient path information to be found directly.  But sometimes, no-
              tably when a .bib or a .bst file is found from the log file of a
              bibtex or biber run, only the base name of the  file  is  known,
              but not its path. The program specified by $kpsewhich is used to
              find it.

              (For advanced users: Because of the different way in  which  la-
              texmk uses the command specified in $kpsewhich, some of the pos-
              sibilities listed in the FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS do not
              apply.   The  internal  and  start keywords are not available. A
              simple command specification with possible options and then "%S"



                               20 November 2021                             48





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              is  all  that  is  guaranteed to work.  Note that for other com-
              mands, "%S" is substituted by a single source file. In contrast,
              for $kpsewhich, "%S" may be substituted by a long list of space-
              separated filenames, each of which is  quoted.   The  result  on
              STDOUT of running the command is then piped to latexmk.)

              See  also  the  @BIBINPUTS variable for another way that latexmk
              also uses to try to locate files; it applies only in the case of
              .bib files.

       $kpsewhich_show [0]
              Whether  to show diagnostics about invocations of kpsewhich: the
              command line use to invoke it and the results.   These  diagnos-
              tics  are shown if $kpsewhich_show is non-zero or if diagnostics
              mode is on.  (But in the second case, lots of other  diagnostics
              are  also  shown.)   Without  these diagnostics there is nothing
              visible in latexmk's screen output about  invocations  of  kpse-
              which.

       $landscape_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode pre-
              viewers and dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the  -l
              option.  Normally not needed with current previewers.

       $latex ["latex %O %S"]
              Specifies  the  command  line  for the LaTeX processing program.
              Note that as with other programs, you can use this variable  not
              just  to  change  the name of the program used, but also specify
              options to the program.  E.g.,

                                  $latex = "latex --src-specials %O %S";

              To do a coordinated setting of all of $latex, $pdflatex, $luala-
              tex, and $xelatex, see the section "Advanced Configuration".


       %latex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that a LaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has  not
              been  found,  and  the file is given without an extension.  This
              typically happens when LaTeX commands of the  form  \input{file}
              or  \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source file does
              not exist.

              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified by the variable %latex_input_extensions.  The  default
              extensions are 'tex' and 'eps'.

              (For  Perl experts: %latex_input_extensions is a hash whose keys
              are the extensions.  The values are  irrelevant.)   Two  subrou-
              tines  are  provided for manipulating this and the related vari-
              able %pdflatex_input_extensions,  add_input_ext  and  remove_in-
              put_ext.   They  are  used  as  in  the  following  examples are



                               20 November 2021                             49





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              possible lines in an initialization file:

                  remove_input_ext( 'latex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from latex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'latex', 'asdf' );

              add the extension 'asdf to  latex_input_extensions.   (Naturally
              with such an extension, you should have made an appropriate cus-
              tom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the appro-
              priate  programming  in the LaTeX source file to enable the file
              to be read.  The standard extensions are handled  by  LaTeX  and
              its graphics/graphicx packages.)

       $latex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for the LaTeX processing program when silent mode is
              on.

              If you use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if  you  configure
              the  options  to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by the following
              line in an initialization file

                $latex_silent_switch  =  "-interaction=batchmode  -c-style-er-
              rors";


       $lpr ["lpr %O %S" under UNIX/Linux, "NONE lpr" under MS-Windows]
              The command to print postscript files.

              Under  MS-Windows (unlike UNIX/Linux), there is no standard pro-
              gram for printing files.  But there are ways you can do it.  For
              example, if you have gsview installed, you could use it with the
              option "/p":

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If gsview is installed in a different directory, you  will  need
              to  make the appropriate change.  Note the combination of single
              and double quotes around the name.  The  single  quotes  specify
              that  this is a string to be assigned to the configuration vari-
              able $lpr.  The double quotes are part of the string  passed  to
              the  operating  system to get the command obeyed; this is neces-
              sary because one part of the command name ("Program Files") con-
              tains a space which would otherwise be misinterpreted.

       $lpr_dvi ["NONE lpr_dvi"]
              The printing program to print dvi files.

       $lpr_pdf ["NONE lpr_pdf"]
              The printing program to print pdf files.

              Under  MS-Windows you could set this to use gsview, if it is in-
              stalled, e.g.,



                               20 November 2021                             50





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If gsview is installed in a different directory, you  will  need
              to  make  the appropriate change.  Note the double quotes around
              the name: this is necessary because one part of the command name
              ("Program Files") contains a space which would otherwise be mis-
              interpreted.

       $lualatex ["lualatex %O %S"]
              Specifies the command line for the LaTeX processing program that
              is  to be used when the lualatex program is called for (e.g., by
              the option -lualatex.

              To do a coordinated setting of all of $latex, $pdflatex, $luala-
              tex, and $xelatex, see the section "Advanced Configuration".


       %lualatex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that a lualatex run resulted in an error that a  file  has
              not  been  found,  and  the  file is given without an extension.
              This typically happens when LaTeX  commands  of  the  form  \in-
              put{file}  or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source
              file does not exist.

              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified by the variable %pdflatex_input_extensions.   The  de-
              fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %lualatex_input_extensions.

       $lualatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the lualatex program (specified in  the  variable
              $lualatex) when silent mode is on.

              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
              that equally applies to $lualatex_silent_switch.

       $make ["make"]
              The make processing program.

       $makeindex ["makeindex %O -o %D %S"]
              The index processing program.

       $makeindex_fudge [0]
              When using makeindex, whether to change  directory  to  $aux_dir
              before  running  makeindex.   Set to 1 if $aux_dir is not an ex-
              plicit subdirectory of current  directory,  otherwise  makeindex
              will refuse to write its output and log files, for security rea-
              sons.





                               20 November 2021                             51





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $makeindex_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for the index processing program when silent mode  is
              on.

       $max_repeat [5]
              The  maximum  number of times latexmk will run *latex before de-
              ciding that there may be an infinite loop and that it  needs  to
              bail  out,  rather than rerunning *latex again to resolve cross-
              references, etc.  The default value covers all normal cases.

              (Note that the "etc" covers a lot of cases where one run of *la-
              tex generates files to be read in on a later run.)

       $MSWin_back_slash [1]
              This  configuration  variable only has an effect when latexmk is
              running under MS-Windows.  With the default value of 1 for  this
              variable,  when  a command is executed under MS-Windows, latexmk
              substitutes "\" for the separator character  between  components
              of  a  directory name.  Internally, latexmk uses "/" for the di-
              rectory separator character, which  is  the  character  used  by
              Unix-like systems.

              For  almost  all programs and for almost all filenames under MS-
              Windows, both "\" and "/" are acceptable as the directory  sepa-
              rator  character,  provided at least that filenames are properly
              quoted.  But it is possible that programs exist that only accept
              "\"  on  the  command line, since that is the standard directory
              separator for MS-Windows.  So for safety latexmk makes the  sub-
              stitution from "/" to "\", by default.

              However  there  are also programs on MS-Windows for which a back
              slash "\" is interpreted differently than as a directory separa-
              tor;  for these the directory separator should be "/".  Programs
              with this behavior  include  all  the  *latex  programs  in  the
              TeXLive  implementation  (but  not  the  MiKTeX implementation).
              Hence if you use TeXLive on MS-Windows,  then  $MSWin_back_slash
              should be set to zero.


       $new_viewer_always [0]
              This  variable  applies  to  latexmk  only in continuous-preview
              mode.  If $new_viewer_always is 0, latexmk will check for a pre-
              viously  running  previewer on the same file, and if one is run-
              ning will not start a new one.  If  $new_viewer_always  is  non-
              zero,  this check will be skipped, and latexmk will behave as if
              no viewer is running.

       $out_dir [""]
              If non-blank, this variable specifies  the  directory  in  which
              output files are to be written by a run of *latex.  See also the
              variable $aux_dir.

              The effect of this variable (when non-blank) is achieved by  us-
              ing  the -output-directory option of *latex.  This exists in the



                               20 November 2021                             52





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              usual current (Dec. 2011  and  later)  implementations  of  TeX,
              i.e.,  MiKTeX  and  TeXLive.  But it may not be present in other
              versions.

              If you also use the -cd option, and $out_dir (or $aux_dir)  con-
              tains  a relative path, then the path is interpreted relative to
              the document directory.

              Commonly, the directory specified for output files is  a  subdi-
              rectory of the current working directory.  However, if you spec-
              ify some other directory, e.g., "/tmp/foo"  or  "../output",  be
              aware  that  this  could cause problems, e.g., with makeindex or
              bibtex.  This is because modern versions of these  programs,  by
              default,  will refuse to work when they find that they are asked
              to write to a file in a directory that appears  not  to  be  the
              current working directory or one of its subdirectories.  This is
              part of security measures by the whole TeX system  that  try  to
              prevent malicious or errant TeX documents from incorrectly mess-
              ing with a user's files.  If for $out_dir or $aux_dir you really
              do  need to specify an absolute pathname (e.g., "/tmp/foo") or a
              path (e.g., "../output") that includes a higher-level directory,
              and  you  need to use makeindex or bibtex, then you need to dis-
              able the security measures (and assume any risks).  One  way  of
              doing this is to temporarily set an operating system environment
              variable openout_any to "a" (as in "all"), to override  the  de-
              fault "paranoid" setting.

       $pdf_mode [0]
              If  zero,  do  NOT  generate  a pdf version of the document.  If
              equal to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using  pdfla-
              tex,  using the command specified by the $pdflatex variable.  If
              equal to 2, generate a pdf version of the document from  the  ps
              file,  by  using  the command specified by the $ps2pdf variable.
              If equal to 3, generate a pdf version of the document  from  the
              dvi  file,  by  using the command specified by the $dvipdf vari-
              able.  If equal to 4, generate a pdf version of the document us-
              ing lualatex, using the command specified by the $lualatex vari-
              able.  If equal to 5, generate a pdf version (and  an  xdv  ver-
              sion)  of  the document using xelatex, using the commands speci-
              fied by the $xelatex and xdvipdfmx variables.

              In $pdf_mode=2, it is ensured that .dvi and .ps files  are  also
              made.   In  $pdf_mode=3,  it is ensured that a .dvi file is also
              made.  But this may be overridden by the document.

       $pdflatex ["pdflatex %O %S"]
              Specifies the command line for the LaTeX processing program in a
              version that makes a pdf file instead of a dvi file.

              An example use of this variable is to add certain options to the
              command line for the program, e.g.,

                   $pdflatex = "pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S";




                               20 November 2021                             53





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              (In some earlier versions of latexmk, you needed to use  an  as-
              signment  to  $pdflatex  to allow the use of lualatex or xelatex
              instead of pdflatex.  There are now separate configuration vari-
              ables  for  the  use  of lualatex or xelatex.  See $lualatex and
              $xelatex.)

              To do a coordinated setting of all of $latex, $pdflatex, $luala-
              tex, and $xelatex, see the section "Advanced Configuration".

       %pdflatex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that a pdflatex run resulted in an error that a  file  has
              not  been  found,  and  the  file is given without an extension.
              This typically happens when LaTeX  commands  of  the  form  \in-
              put{file}  or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source
              file does not exist.

              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified by the variable %pdflatex_input_extensions.   The  de-
              fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %pdflatex_input_extensions.

       $pdflatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the pdflatex program (specified in  the  variable
              $pdflatex) when silent mode is on.

              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
              that equally applies to $pdflatex_silent_switch.

       $pdf_previewer ["start acroread %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a pdf-previewer.

              On MS-Windows, the default is changed to "cmd /c start """;  un-
              der  more  recent versions of Windows, this will cause to be run
              whatever command the system has associated with .pdf files.  But
              this  may  be  undesirable if this association is to acroread --
              see the notes in the explanation of the -pvc option.]

              On OS-X the default is changed to "open %S",  which  results  in
              OS-X  starting up (and detaching) the viewer associated with the
              file.  By default, for pdf files this association is  to  OS-X's
              preview, which is quite satisfactory.

              WARNING:   Problem  under MS-Windows: if acroread is used as the
              pdf previewer, and it is actually viewing a pdf  file,  the  pdf
              file  cannot  be  updated.   Thus makes acroread a bad choice of
              previewer if you use latexmk's previous-continuous mode  (option
              -pvc) under MS-windows.  This problem does not occur if, for ex-
              ample, SumatraPDF or gsview is used to view pdf files.

              Important note: Normally you will want to have a  previewer  run



                               20 November 2021                             54





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate before continuing its work.  So normally you should  pre-
              fix  the  command  by  "start  ", which flags to latexmk that it
              should do the detaching of the  previewer  itself  (by  whatever
              method  is  appropriate to the operating system).  But sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety  of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start " bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.

       $pdf_update_command [""]
              When the pdf previewer is set to be updated by  running  a  com-
              mand,  this is the command that is run.  See the information for
              the variable $pdf_update_method.

       $pdf_update_method [1 under UNIX, 3 under MS-Windows]
              How the pdf viewer updates its display when  the  pdf  file  has
              changed.  See the information on the variable $dvi_update_method
              for the codes.  (Note that information needs be changed slightly
              so  that for the value 4, to run a command to do the update, the
              command is specified by the  variable  $pdf_update_command,  and
              for  the  value  2,  to  specify update by signal, the signal is
              specified by $pdf_update_signal.)

              Note that acroread under MS-Windows (but not UNIX) locks the pdf
              file, so the default value is then 3.

              Arranging to use a command to get a previewer explicitly updated
              requires three variables to be set.  For example:

                  $pdf_previewer = "start xpdf -remote %R %O %S";
                  $pdf_update_method = 4;
                  $pdf_update_command = "xpdf -remote %R -reload";

              The first setting arranges for the xpdf program to  be  used  in
              its  "remote server mode", with the server name specified as the
              rootname of the TeX file.  The second setting arranges  for  up-
              dating  to  be done in response to a command, and the third set-
              ting sets the update command.

       $pdf_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGHUP,  which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal -- see  the  information  on  the
              variable  $pdf_update_method.   The default value is the one ap-
              propriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pid_position[1 under UNIX, -1 under MS-Windows]
              The variable $pid_position is used  to  specify  which  word  in
              lines  of  the output from $pscmd corresponds to the process ID.
              The first word in the line is numbered 0.  The default value  of
              1 (2nd word in line) is correct for Solaris 2.6, Linux, and OS-X
              with their default settings of $pscmd.

              Setting the variable to -1 is used to indicate  that  $pscmd  is



                               20 November 2021                             55





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              not to be used.

       $postscript_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  generate  a  postscript  version  of the document.
              Equivalent to the -ps option.

              If some other request is made for which  a  postscript  file  is
              needed, then $postscript_mode will be set to 1.

       $pre_tex_code ['']

              Sets  TeX  code to be executed before inputting the source file.
              This works if the relevant one of $latex, etc contains  a  suit-
              able command line with a %P or %U substitution.  For example you
              could do

                   $latex = 'latex %O %P';
                   $pre_tex_code = '\AtBeginDocument{An initial message\par}';

              To set all of $latex, $pdflatex,  $lualatex,  and  $xelatex  you
              could use the subroutine alt_tex_cmds:

                   &alt_tex_cmds;
                   $pre_tex_code = '\AtBeginDocument{An initial message\par}';



       $preview_continuous_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  run a previewer to view the document, and continue
              running latexmk to keep .dvi up-to-date.  Equivalent to the -pvc
              option.   Which  previewer is run depends on the other settings,
              see the command line options -view=, and the variable $view.

       $preview_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to preview the document.  Equivalent
              to  the -pv option.  Which previewer is run depends on the other
              settings, see the command line options -view=, and the  variable
              $view.

       $printout_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  print  the document using the command specified in
              the $lpr variable.  Equivalent to the -p option.  This is recom-
              mended  not to be set from an RC file, otherwise you could waste
              lots of paper.

       $print_type = ["auto"]
              Type of file  to  printout:  possibilities  are  "auto",  "dvi",
              "none", "pdf", or "ps".   See the option -print= for the meaning
              of the "auto" value.

       $pscmd Command used to get all the processes currently run by the user.
              The  -pvc  option  uses  the  command  specified by the variable
              $pscmd to determine if there is an  already  running  previewer,
              and  to  find  the process ID (needed if latexmk needs to signal



                               20 November 2021                             56





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              the previewer about file changes).

              Each line of the output of this command is assumed to correspond
              to  one  process.   See  the  $pid_position variable for how the
              process number is determined.

              The default for pscmd is  "NONE"  under  MS-Windows  and  cygwin
              (i.e.,  the  command  is not used), "ps -ww -u $ENV{USER}" under
              OS-X, and "ps -f -u $ENV{USER}" under  other  operating  systems
              (including Linux).  In these specifications "$ENV{USER}" is sub-
              stituted by the username.

       $ps2pdf ["ps2pdf -dALLOWPSTRANSPARENCY %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert .ps to .pdf file.

       $ps_filter [empty]
              The postscript file filter to be run on the newly produced post-
              script  file  before other processing.  Equivalent to specifying
              the -pF option.

       $ps_previewer ["start gv %O %S", but start %O %S under MS-Windows]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer.  (The  default  under  MS-
              Windows will cause to be run whatever command the system has as-
              sociated with .ps files.)

              Note that gv could be used with the -watch  option  updates  its
              display  whenever the postscript file changes, whereas ghostview
              does not.  However, different versions of gv have slightly  dif-
              ferent  ways  of  writing  this  option.  You can configure this
              variable appropriately.

              WARNING: Linux systems may have installed one (or more) versions
              of  gv  under  different  names, e.g., ggv, kghostview, etc, but
              perhaps not one actually called gv.

              Important note: Normally you will want to have a  previewer  run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate before continuing its work.  So normally you should  pre-
              fix  the  command  by  "start  ", which flags to latexmk that it
              should do the detaching of the  previewer  itself  (by  whatever
              method  is  appropriate to the operating system).  But sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety  of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start " bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.


       $ps_previewer_landscape ["start gv -swap %O %S", but start %O %S  under
       MS-Windows]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer in landscape mode.

       $ps_update_command [""]
              When  the postscript previewer is set to be updated by running a
              command, this is the command that is run.  See  the  information
              for the variable $ps_update_method.



                               20 November 2021                             57





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $ps_update_method [0 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How  the postscript viewer updates its display when the .ps file
              has changed.  See  the  information  on  the  variable  $dvi_up-
              date_method  for  the  codes.   (Note  that information needs be
              changed slightly so that for the value 4, to run a command to do
              the  update,  the  command  is specified by the variable $ps_up-
              date_command, and for the value 2, to specify update by  signal,
              the signal is specified by $ps_update_signal.)

       $ps_update_signal  [Under  UNIX:  SIGHUP,  which  is a system-dependent
       value]
              The number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when  it
              is  updated  by  sending a signal -- see $ps_update_method.  The
              default value is the one appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pvc_timeout [0]
              If this variable is nonzero, there will be  a   timeout  in  pvc
              mode  after  a  period of inactivity.  Inactivity means a period
              when latexmk has detected no file  changes  and  hence  has  not
              taken any actions like compiling the document. The period of in-
              activity is in the variable $pvc_timeout_mins.


       $pvc_timeout_mins [30]
              The period of inactivity, in minutes, after which pvc mode times
              out.  This is used if $pvc_timeout is nonzero.

       $pvc_view_file_via_temporary [1]
              The same as $always_view_file_via_temporary, except that it only
              applies in preview-continuous mode (-pvc option).

       $quote_filenames [1]
              This specifies whether substitutions for placeholders in command
              specifications  (as  in  $pdflatex)  are  surrounded  by  double
              quotes.  If this variable is 1 (or any other value Perl  regards
              as true), then quoting is done.  Otherwise quoting is omitted.

              The  quoting  method used by latexmk is tested to work correctly
              under UNIX systems (including Linux and Mac OS-X) and under  MS-
              Windows.   It  allows  the  use  of filenames containing special
              characters, notably spaces.  (But note  that  many  versions  of
              *latex  cannot correctly deal with TeX files whose names contain
              spaces.  Latexmk's quoting only ensures that such filenames  are
              correctly  treated  by the operating system in passing arguments
              to programs.)

       $rc_report [1]
              After initialization, whether to give a list  of  the  RC  files
              read.

       $recorder [1]
              Whether to use the -recorder option to (latex Use of this option
              results in a file of extension .fls containing  a  list  of  the
              files  that  these programs have read and written.  Latexmk will



                               20 November 2021                             58





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              then use this file to improve its detection of source files  and
              generated files after a run of *latex.

              It  is generally recommended to use this option (or to configure
              the $recorder variable to be on.)  But it only works  if  *latex
              supports  the  -recorder  option, which is true for most current
              implementations

              Note about the name of the .fls file:  Most  implementations  of
              *latex  produce  an .fls file with the same basename as the main
              document's LaTeX, e.g., for Document.tex, the .fls file is Docu-
              ment.fls.   However,  some implementations instead produce files
              named for the program, i.e., latex.fls or pdflatex.fls.  In this
              second  case,  latexmk copies the latex.fls or pdflatex.fls to a
              file with the basename of the main LaTeX document,  e.g.,  Docu-
              ment.fls.

       $search_path_separator [See below for default]
              The character separating paths in the environment variables TEX-
              INPUTS, BIBINPUTS, and BSTINPUTS.  This variable is mainly  used
              by  latexmk when the -outdir, -output-directory, -auxdir, and/or
              -aux-directory options are used.  In that case latexmk needs  to
              communicate  appropriately  modified  search  paths  to  bibtex,
              dvipdf, dvips, and *latex.

              [Comment to technically savvy readers: *latex  doesn't  actually
              need  the  modified  search path.  But, surprisingly, dvipdf and
              dvips do, because sometimes graphics files get generated in  the
              output or aux directories.]

              The  default  under  MSWin and Cygwin is ';' and under UNIX-like
              operating systems (including Linux and OS-X) is  ':'.   Normally
              the  defaults give correct behavior.  But there can be difficul-
              ties if your operating system is of one kind, but some  of  your
              software  is running under an emulator for the other kind of op-
              erating system; in that case you'll need to  find  out  what  is
              needed,  and  set  $search_path_separator explicitly.  (The same
              goes, of course, for unusual operating systems that are  not  in
              the MSWin, Linux, OS-X, Unix collection.)

       $show_time [0]
              Whether to show CPU time used.

       $silence_logfile_warnings [0]
              Whether  after  a run of *latex to summarize warnings in the log
              file about undefined citations  and  references.   Setting  $si-
              lence_logfile_warnings=0 gives the summary of warnings (provided
              silent mode isn't also set), and this is useful to locate  unde-
              fined  citations  and  references  without searching through the
              much more verbose log file or the screen output of *latex.   But
              the  summary  can  also be excessively annoying.  The default is
              not to give these  warnings.   The  command  line  options  -si-
              lence_logfile_warning_list   and  -silence_logfile_warning_list-
              also set this variable.



                               20 November 2021                             59





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Note that multiple occurrences for the same undefined object  on
              the same page and same line will be compressed to a single warn-
              ing.

       $silent [0]
              Whether to run silently.  Setting $silent to 1 has the same  ef-
              fect as the -quiet of -silent options on the command line.

       $sleep_time [2]
              The  time to sleep (in seconds) between checking for source file
              changes when running with the -pvc option.  This is subject to a
              minimum  of one second delay, except that zero delay is also al-
              lowed.

              A value of exactly 0 gives no delay, and  typically  results  in
              100% CPU usage, which may not be desirable.

       $texfile_search [""]
              This  is  an  obsolete  variable, replaced by the @default_files
              variable.

              For  backward  compatibility,  if  you  choose  to   set   $tex-
              file_search,  it  is  a string of space-separated filenames, and
              then latexmk replaces @default_files with the filenames in $tex-
              file_search to which is added "*.tex".

       $success_cmd [undefined]
              See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.

       $tmpdir [See below for default]
              Directory  to  store  temporary  files that latexmk may generate
              while running.

              The default under MSWindows (including cygwin), is to  set  $tm-
              pdir  to the value of the first of whichever of the system envi-
              ronment variables TMPDIR or TEMP exists, otherwise to  the  cur-
              rent  directory.   Under other operating systems (expected to be
              UNIX/Linux, including OS-X), the default is  the  value  of  the
              system  environment  variable  TMPDIR  if  it  exists, otherwise
              "/tmp".

       $use_make_for_missing_files [0]
              Whether to use make to try and make files that are missing after
              a  run of *latex, and for which a custom dependency has not been
              found.  This is generally useful only when latexmk  is  used  as
              part  of  a bigger project which is built by using the make pro-
              gram.

              Note that once a missing file has been made, no further calls to
              make  will  be made on a subsequent run of latexmk to update the
              file.  Handling this problem is the job of  a  suitably  defined
              Makefile.   See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for how to
              do this.  The intent of calling make from latexmk is  merely  to
              detect dependencies.



                               20 November 2021                             60





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $view ["default"]
              Which  kind  of  file is to be previewed if a previewer is used.
              The possible values are  "default",  "dvi",  "ps",  "pdf".   The
              value of "default" means that the "highest" of the kinds of file
              generated is to be used (among .dvi, .ps and .pdf).


       $warnings_as_errors [0]
              Normally latexmk copies the behavior of latex in treating  unde-
              fined  references  and citations and multiply defined references
              as conditions that give a warning but not an error.   The  vari-
              able $warnings_as_errors controls whether this behavior is modi-
              fied.

              When the variable is non-zero, latexmk at the  end  of  its  run
              will  return  a  non-zero status code to the operating system if
              any of the files processed gives a warning about  problems  with
              citations or references (i.e., undefined citations or references
              or multiply defined references).  This is after latexmk has com-
              pleted  all  the runs it needs to try and resolve references and
              citations.  Thus $warnings_as_errors being  nonzero  causes  la-
              texmk to treat such warnings as errors, but only when they occur
              on the last run of *latex and only after processing is complete.
              A  non-zero value $warnings_as_errors can be set by the command-
              line option -Werror.

              The default behavior is normally satisfactory in the usual edit-
              compile-edit  cycle.  But, for example, latexmk can also be used
              as part of a build process for some bigger  project,  e.g.,  for
              creating  documentation  in the build of a software application.
              Then it is often sensible to treat citation and reference  warn-
              ings  as  errors  that  require  the overall build process to be
              aborted.  Of course, since multiple runs of *latex are generally
              needed  to resolve references and citations, what matters is not
              the warnings on the first run, but the warnings on the last run;
              latexmk takes this into account appropriately.

              In  addition,  when  preview-continuous mode is used, a non-zero
              value for $warnings_as_errors changes the use  of  the  commands
              $failure_cmd,  $warning_cmd,  and  $success_cmd after a complia-
              tion.  If there are citation or reference warnings, but no other
              errors,  the  behavior is as follows. If $warning_cmd is set, it
              is used.  If it is not set, then then if $warnings_as_errors  is
              non-zero  and $failure_cmd is set, then $failure_cmd.  Otherwise
              $success_cmd is used, if it is set.  (The foregoing  explanation
              is rather complicated, because latexmk has to deal with the case
              that one or more of the commands isn't set.)


       $xdvipdfmx ["xdvipdfmx -E -o %D %O %S"]

              The program to make a pdf file from an xdv file  (used  in  con-
              junction with xelatex when $pdf_mode=5).




                               20 November 2021                             61





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $xdvipdfmx_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for the xdvipdfmx program when silent mode is on.

       $xelatex ["xelatex %O %S"]
              Specifies  the  command line for the LaTeX processing program of
              when the xelatex program is called for.  See  the  documentation
              of  the -xelatex option for some special properties of latexmk's
              use of xelatex.

              Note about xelatex: latexmk uses xelatex to make an .xdv  rather
              than  .pdf  file, with the .pdf file being created in a separate
              step.  This is enforced by the use of the -no-pdf option.  If %O
              is  part  of the command for invoking xelatex, then latexmk will
              insert the -no-pdf option automatically, otherwise you must pro-
              vide  the option yourself.  See the documentation for the -pdfxe
              option for why latexmk makes a .xdv file rather than a .pdf file
              when xelatex is used.

              To do a coordinated setting of all of $latex, $pdflatex, $luala-
              tex, and $xelatex, see the section "Advanced Configuration".


       %xelatex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that  an xelatex run resulted in an error that a file has
              not been found, and the file  is  given  without  an  extension.
              This  typically  happens  when  LaTeX  commands of the form \in-
              put{file} or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant  source
              file does not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified  by  the  variable %xelatex_input_extensions.  The de-
              fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %xelatex_input_extensions.

       $xelatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for  the  xelatex program (specified in the variable
              $xelatex) when silent mode is on.

              See details of the $latex_silent_switch  for  other  information
              that equally applies to $xelatex_silent_switch.




CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In  any RC file a set of custom dependencies can be set up to convert a
       file with one extension to a file with another.  An example use of this
       would be to allow latexmk to convert a .fig file to .eps to be included
       in the .tex file.




                               20 November 2021                             62





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


   Defining a custom dependency:
       The old method of configuring latexmk to use a custom dependency was to
       directly  manipulate  the @cus_dep_list array that contains information
       defining the custom dependencies.  (See  the  section  "Old  Method  of
       Defining  Custom  Dependencies"  for details.) This method still works,
       but is no longer preferred.

       A better method is to use the subroutines that allow convenient manipu-
       lations of the custom dependency list.  These are

           add_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension, must, subroutine )
           remove_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension )
           show_cus_dep()

       The arguments are as follows:

       from extension:
              The  extension  of the file we are converting from (e.g. "fig").
              It is specified without a period.

       to extension:
              The extension of the file we are converting to (e.g. "eps").  It
              is specified without a period.

       must:  If  non-zero,  the file from which we are converting must exist,
              if it doesn't exist latexmk will give an error message and  exit
              unless the -f option is specified.  If must is zero and the file
              we are converting from doesn't exist, then no action  is  taken.
              Generally, the appropriate value of must is zero.

       function:
              The  name  of the subroutine that latexmk should call to perform
              the file conversion.  The first argument to  the  subroutine  is
              the base name of the file to be converted without any extension.
              The subroutines are declared in the syntax of Perl.   The  func-
              tion  should  return 0 if it was successful and a nonzero number
              if it failed.


       Naturally add_cus_dep adds a custom dependency with the specified  from
       and  to extensions.  If a custom dependency has been previously defined
       (e.g., in an rcfile that was read earlier), then it is replaced by  the
       new one.

       The  subroutine remove_cus_dep removes the specified custom dependency.
       The subroutine show_cus_dep causes a list of the currently defined cus-
       tom dependencies to be sent to the screen output.


   How custom dependencies are used:
       An instance of a custom dependency rule is created whenever latexmk de-
       tects that a run of *latex needs to read a file, like a graphics  file,
       whose  extension  is the to-extension of a custom dependency.  Then la-
       texmk examines whether a file exists with the same name, but  with  the



                               20 November 2021                             63





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       corresponding  from-extension,  as  specified in the custom-dependency.
       If it does, then a corresponding instance of the custom  dependency  is
       created,  after which the rule is invoked whenever the destination file
       (the one with the to-extension) is out-of-date with respect to the cor-
       responding source file.

       To  make the new destination file, the Perl subroutine specified in the
       rule is invoked, with an argument that is the base name of the files in
       question.   Simple cases just involve a subroutine invoking an external
       program; this can be done by following the  templates  below,  even  by
       those  without  knowledge of the Perl programming language.  Of course,
       experts could do something much more elaborate.

       One item in the specification of each custom-dependency  rule,  labeled
       "must"  above, specifies how the rule should be applied when the source
       file fails to exist.

       When latex reports that an input file (e.g., a graphics file) does  not
       exist, latexmk tries to find a source file and a custom dependency that
       can be used to make it.  If it succeeds, then it creates an instance of
       the  custom  dependency  and invokes it to make the missing file, after
       which the next pass of latex etc will be able to read the newly created
       file.

       Note  for  advanced  usage: The operating system's environment variable
       TEXINPUTS can be used to specify a search path for finding files by la-
       tex  etc.   Correspondingly,  when  a missing file is reported, latexmk
       looks in the directories specified in TEXINPUTS as well as in the  cur-
       rent  directory, to find a source file from which an instance of a cus-
       tom dependency can be used to make the missing file.


   Function to implement custom dependency, traditional method:
       The function that implements a custom dependency gets  the  information
       on the files to be processed in two ways.  The first is through its one
       argument; the argument contains the base name of the source and  desti-
       nation files.  The second way is described later.

       A  simple and typical example of code in an initialization rcfile using
       the first method is:

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system( "fig2dev -Leps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" );
           }

       The first line adds a custom dependency that converts a file  with  ex-
       tension "fig", as created by the xfig program, to an encapsulated post-
       script file, with extension "eps".  The remaining lines define  a  sub-
       routine  that  carries  out  the  conversion.  If a rule for converting
       "fig" to "eps" files already exists (e.g., from  a  previously  read-in
       initialization  file),  the latexmk will delete this rule before making
       the new one.




                               20 November 2021                             64





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       Suppose latexmk is using this rule to convert a  file  "figure.fig"  to
       "figure.eps".   Then  it  will invoke the fig2eps subroutine defined in
       the above code with a single argument "figure", which is  the  basename
       of  each  of the files (possibly with a path component).  This argument
       is referred to by Perl as $_[0].  In the example above, the  subroutine
       uses the Perl command system to invoke the program fig2dev.  The double
       quotes around the string are a Perl idiom that signify that each string
       of  the  form  of a variable name, $_[0] in this case, is to be substi-
       tuted by its value.

       If the return value of the subroutine is non-zero,  then  latexmk  will
       assume  an  error  occurred during the execution of the subroutine.  In
       the above example, no explicit return value is given, and  instead  the
       return  value  is  the value returned by the last (and only) statement,
       i.e., the invocation of system, which returns the value 0 on success.

       If you use pdflatex, lualatex or xelatex instead  of  latex,  then  you
       will  probably  prefer to convert your graphics files to pdf format, in
       which case you would replace the above code in an  initialization  file
       by

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'pdf, 0, 'fig2pdf' );
           sub fig2pdf {
               system( "fig2dev -Lpdf \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].pdf\"" );
           }

       Note  1: In the command lines given in the system commands in the above
       examples, double quotes have been inserted around the file  names  (im-
       plemented  by '\"' in the Perl language).  They immunize the running of
       the program against special characters in filenames.  Very often  these
       quotes  are  not  necessary, i.e., they can be omitted.  But it is nor-
       mally safer to keep them in.  Even though the rules  for  quoting  vary
       between  operating  systems,  command  shells  and individual pieces of
       software, the quotes in the above examples do not cause problems in the
       cases I have tested.

       Note  2:  One  case in which the quotes are important is when the files
       are in a subdirectory and your operating system is  Microsoft  Windows.
       Then  the  separator character for directory components can be either a
       forward slash '/' or Microsoft's more usual backward slash  '\'.   For-
       ward  slashes  are  generated  by  latexmk, to maintain its sanity from
       software like MiKTeX that mixes both directory  separators;  but  their
       correct use normally requires quoted filenames.  (See a log file from a
       run of MiKTeX (at least in v. 2.9) for an example of the  use  of  both
       directory separators.)

       Note  3:  The subroutines implementing custom dependencies in the exam-
       ples given just have  a  single  line  invoking  an  external  program.
       That's  the usual situation.  But since the subroutines are in the Perl
       language, you can implement much more  complicated  processing  if  you
       need it.






                               20 November 2021                             65





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


   Removing custom dependencies, and when you might need to do this:
       If  you  have some general custom dependencies defined in the system or
       user initialization file, you may find that for  a  particular  project
       they  are  undesirable.  So you might want to delete the unneeded ones.
       A situation where this would be desirable is where there  are  multiple
       custom  dependencies with the same from-extension or the same to-exten-
       sion. In that case, latexmk might choose a different one from  the  one
       you want for a specific project.  As an example, to remove any "fig" to
       "eps" rule you would use:

           remove_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps' );

       If you have complicated sets of custom dependencies, you  may  want  to
       get  a  listing  of the custom dependencies.  This is done by using the
       line

           show_cus_dep();

       in an initialization file.


   Function implementing custom dependency, alternative methods:
       So far the examples for functions to implement custom dependencies have
       used the argument of the function to specify the base name of converted
       file.  This method has been available since very old  versions  of  la-
       texmk, and many examples can be found, e.g., on the web.

       However  in later versions of latexmk the internal structure of the im-
       plementation of its "rules" for the steps of processing, including cus-
       tom dependencies, became much more powerful.  The function implementing
       a custom dependency is executed within a special context where a number
       of  extra  variables  and subroutines are defined.  Publicly documented
       ones, intended to be long-term stable,  are  listed  below,  under  the
       heading "Variables and subroutines for processing a rule".

       Examples  of  their  use is given in the following examples, concerning
       multiple index files and glossaries.

       The only index-file conversion built-in to latexmk is  from  an  ".idx"
       file  written on one run of *latex to an ".ind" file to be read in on a
       subsequent run.  But with the index.sty package, for example,  you  can
       create  extra indexes with extensions that you configure.  Latexmk does
       not know how to deduce the extensions from the information it has.  But
       you  can  easily  write a custom dependency.  For example if your latex
       file uses the command "\newindex{special}{ndx}{nnd}{Special index}" you
       will  need  to  get latexmk to convert files with the extension .ndx to
       .nnd.  The most elementary method is to define a custom  dependency  as
       follows:

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'ndx2nnd' );
           sub ndx2nnd {
               return system( "makeindex -o \"$_[0].nnd\" \"$_[0].ndx\"" );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd';



                               20 November 2021                             66





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       Notice  the  added line compared with earlier examples.  The extra line
       gets the extensions "ndx" and "nnd" added to the list of extensions for
       generated files; then the extra index files will be deleted by clean-up
       operations

       But if you have yet more indexes with yet different  extensions,  e.g.,
       "adx"  and  "and", then you will need a separate function for each pair
       of extensions.  This is quite annoying.   You  can  use  the  Run_subst
       function to simplify the definitions to use a single function:

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           add_cus_dep( 'adx', 'and', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           sub dx2nd {
               return Run_subst( "makeindex -o %D %S" );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd', 'adx', 'and';

       You could also instead use

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           add_cus_dep( 'adx', 'and', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           sub dx2nd {
               return Run_subst( $makeindex );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd', 'adx', 'and';

       This  last example uses the command specification in $makeindex, and so
       any customization you have made for the standard index also applies  to
       your extra indexes.

       Similar techniques can be applied for glossaries.

       Those of you with experience with Makefiles, may get concerned that the
       .ndx file is written during a run of *latex and is  always  later  than
       the .nnd last read in.  Thus the .nnd appears to be perpetually out-of-
       date.  This situation, of circular dependencies, is endemic  to  latex,
       and  is  one  of the issues that latexmk is programmed to overcome.  It
       examines the contents of the files (by use of  a  checksum),  and  only
       does a remake when the file contents have actually changed.

       Of  course  if you choose to write random data to the .nnd (or the .aux
       file, etc) that changes on each new run, then you will have a  problem.
       For real experts: See the %hash_calc_ignore_pattern if you have to deal
       with such problems.


   Old Method of Defining Custom Dependencies:
       In much older versions of latexmk, the only method of  defining  custom
       dependencies  was  to directly manipulate the table of custom dependen-
       cies.  This is contained in the @cus_dep_list array.  It is an array of
       strings,  and each string in the array has four items in it, each sepa-
       rated by a space, the  from-extension,  the  to-extension,  the  "must"
       item,  and the name of the subroutine for the custom dependency.  These
       were all defined above.



                               20 November 2021                             67





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       An example of the old method of defining custom dependencies is as fol-
       lows.  It  is  the code in an RC file to ensure automatic conversion of
       .fig files to .eps files:

           push @cus_dep_list, "fig eps 0 fig2eps";
           sub fig2eps {
               return system( "fig2dev -Lps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" );
           }

       This method still works, and is almost equivalent  to  the  code  given
       earlier  that used the add_cus_dep subroutine.  However, the old method
       doesn't delete any previous custom-dependency for the same  conversion.
       So the new method is preferable.



ADVANCED CONFIGURATION: Some extra resources and advanced tricks
       For  most purposes, simple configuration for latexmk along the lines of
       the examples given is sufficient.  But  sometimes  you  need  something
       harder.   In this section, I indicate some extra possibilities.  Gener-
       ally to use these, you need to be fluent in the  Perl  language,  since
       this is what is used in the rc files.

       See  also the section DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC.  See also the
       examples in the directory example_rcfiles in the latexmk distributions.
       Even if none of the examples apply to your case, they may give you use-
       ful ideas


   Utility subroutines
       ensure_path( var, values ...)

              The first parameter is the name of one of the system's  environ-
              ment  variables  for search paths.  The remaining parameters are
              values that should be in the variable.  For each  of  the  value
              parameters,  if  it  isn't  already  in the variable, then it is
              prepended to the variable; in that case the environment variable
              is  created  if it doesn't already exist. For separating values,
              the character appropriate the the operating system  is  used  --
              see the configuration variable $search_path_separator.

              Example:

                ensure_path( 'TEXINPUTS', './custom_cls_sty_files//' );

              (In this example, the trailing '//' is documented by TeX systems
              to mean that *latex search for files in the specified  directory
              and in all subdirectories.)

              Technically   ensure_path   works  by  setting  Perl's  variable
              $ENV{var}, where var is the name of the  target  variable.   The
              changed  value  is then passed as an environment variable to any
              invoked programs.




                               20 November 2021                             68





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


   Variables and subroutines for processing a rule
       A step in the processing is called a rule. One possibility to implement
       the  processing  of a rule is by a Perl subroutine.  This is always the
       case for custom dependencies. Also, for any other rule, you can  use  a
       subroutine  by  prefixing the command specification by the word "inter-
       nal" -- see the section FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS.

       When you use a subroutine for processing a rule, all the  possibilities
       of Perl programming are available, of course.  In addition, some of la-
       texmk's internal variables and subroutines  are  available.   The  ones
       listed  below  are  intended  to  be available to (advanced) users, and
       their specifications will generally have stability under upgrades. Gen-
       erally,  the  variables  should be treated as read-only: Changing their
       values can have bad consequences, since it is liable  to  mess  up  the
       consistency of what latexmk is doing.

       $rule  This  variable  has  the  name of the rule, as known to latexmk.
              Note that the exact contents of this variable for a  given  rule
              may be dependent on the version of latexmk

       $$Psource
              This gives the name of the primary source file.  Note the double
              dollar signs.

       $$Pdest
              This gives the name of the main output file if  any.   Note  the
              double dollar signs.

       rdb_ensure_file( $rule, file )
              This  a subroutine that ensures that the given file is among the
              source files for the specified rule.  It is typically used when,
              during  the  processing of a rule, it is known that a particular
              extra file is among the dependencies that latexmk  should  know,
              but its default methods don't find the dependency. Almost always
              the first argument is the name of the rule currently being  pro-
              cessed, so it is then appropriate to specify it by $rule.

              For  examples of its use, see some of the files in the directory
              example_rcfiles of latexmk's distribution.  Currently the  cases
              that  use  this  subroutine  are bib2gls-latexmkrc, exceltex_la-
              texmkrc and texinfo-latexmkrc.  These illustrate  typical  cases
              where  latexmk's normal processing fails to detect certain extra
              source files.

       rdb_remove_files( $rule, file, ... )
              This subroutine removes one or more files  from  the  dependency
              list for the given rule.

       rdb_list_source( $rule )
              This  subroutine returns the list of source files (i.e., the de-
              pendency list) for the given rule.

       rdb_set_source( $rule, file, ... )




                               20 November 2021                             69





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       rdb_set_source( $rule, @files )
              This subroutine sets the dependency list for the given  rule  to
              be the specified files.  Files that are already in the list have
              unchanged information.  Files that were  not  in  the  list  are
              added to it.  Files in the previous dependency list that are not
              in the newly specified list of files are removed from the depen-
              dency list.

       Run_subst( command_spec )
              This subroutine runs the command specified by command_spec.  The
              specification is a string in the format listed  in  the  section
              "Format  of Command Specifications".  An important action of the
              Run_subst is to make substitutions of placeholders, e.g., %S and
              %D  for  source and destination files; these get substituted be-
              fore the command is run.  In addition, the command after substi-
              tution  is  printed  to  the screen unless latexmk is running in
              silent mode.


   Coordinated Setting of Commands for *latex
       To set all of $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex  to  a  common
       pattern,  you  can  use one of the following subroutines, std_tex_cmds,
       alt_tex_cmds, and set_tex_cmds.

       They work as follows

          &std_tex_cmds;

       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %S', and  similarly  for  $pdflatex,
       $lualatex,  and  $xelatex.   Note the ampersand in the invocation; this
       indicates to Perl that a subroutine is being called.

          &alt_tex_cmds;

       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %P', and  similarly  for  $pdflatex,
       $lualatex,  and  $xelatex.   Note the ampersand in the invocation; this
       indicates to Perl that a subroutine is being called.

         set_tex_cmds( CMD_SPEC );

       Here CMD_SPEC is the command line without the program  name.  This  re-
       sults  in  $latex = 'CMD_SPEC', and similarly for $pdflatex, $lualatex,
       and $xelatex. An example would be

         set_tex_cmds( '--interaction=batchmode %O %S' );


   Advanced configuration: Using latexmk with make
       This section is targeted only at advanced users who use the  make  pro-
       gram for complex projects, as for software development, with the depen-
       dencies specified by a Makefile.

       Now the basic task of latexmk is to run  the  appropriate  programs  to
       make  a  viewable version of a LaTeX document.  However, the usual make



                               20 November 2021                             70





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       program is not suited to this purpose for at least two reasons.   First
       is that the use of LaTeX involves circular dependencies (e.g., via .aux
       files), and these cannot be handled by the standard make program.  Sec-
       ond  is  that  in  a  large document the set of source files can change
       quite frequently, particularly with included graphics  files;  in  this
       situation  keeping a Makefile manually updated is inappropriate and er-
       ror-prone, especially when the dependencies can be determined automati-
       cally.  Latexmk solves both of these problems robustly.

       Thus  for  many  standard LaTeX documents latexmk can be used by itself
       without the make program.  In a complex project it simply needs  to  be
       suitably  configured.  A standard configuration would be to define cus-
       tom dependencies to make graphics files from their source files  (e.g.,
       as  created  by  the  xfig program).  Custom dependencies are latexmk's
       equivalent of pattern rules in Makefiles.

       Nevertheless there are projects for which a  Makefile  is  appropriate,
       and it is useful to know how to use latexmk from a Makefile.  A typical
       example would be to generate documentation for a software project.  Po-
       tentially  the  interaction  with the rest of the rules in the Makefile
       could be quite complicated, for example if some of the source files for
       a LaTeX document are generated by the project's software.

       In this section, I give a couple of examples of how latexmk can be use-
       fully invoked from a Makefile.  The examples use specific  features  of
       current  versions  of  GNU make, which is the default on both linux and
       OS-X systems.  They may need modifications for other versions of make.

       The simplest method is simply to delegate all the relevant tasks to la-
       texmk, as is suitable for a straightforward LaTeX document.  For this a
       suitable Makefile is like

           .PHONY : FORCE_MAKE
           all : try.pdf
           %.pdf : %.tex FORCE_MAKE
               latexmk -pdf -dvi- -ps- $<

       (Note: the last line must be introduced by a tab for  the  Makefile  to
       function  correctly!)  Naturally, if making try.pdf from its associated
       LaTeX file try.tex were the only task to be performed, a direct use  of
       latexmk  without  a  Makefile would normally be better.  The benefit of
       using a Makefile for a LaTeX document would be  in  a  larger  project,
       where lines such as the above would be only be a small part of a larger
       Makefile.

       The above example has a pattern rule for making a .pdf file from a .tex
       file,  and it is defined to use latexmk in the obvious way.  There is a
       conventional  default  target  named  "all",  with  a  prerequisite  of
       try.pdf.   So  when  make is invoked, by default it makes try.pdf.  The
       only complication is  that  there  may  be  many  source  files  beyond
       try.tex, but these aren't specified in the Makefile, so changes in them
       will not by themselves cause latexmk to be invoked.  Instead, the  pat-
       tern  rule is equipped with a "phony" prerequisite FORCE_MAKE; this has
       the effect of causing the  rule  to  be  always  out-of-date,  so  that



                               20 November 2021                             71





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       latexmk  is  always run.  It is latexmk that decides whether any action
       is needed, e.g., a rerun of pdflatex.  Effectively the  Makefile  dele-
       gates all decisions to latexmk, while make has no knowledge of the list
       of source files except for primary LaTeX file for  the   document.   If
       there  are,  for example, graphics files to be made, these must be made
       by custom dependencies configured in latexmk.

       But something better is needed in more complicated situations, for  ex-
       ample, when the making of graphics files needs to be specified by rules
       in the Makefile.  To do this, one can use a Makefile like  the  follow-
       ing:

            TARGETS = document1.pdf document2.pdf
            DEPS_DIR = .deps
            LATEXMK = latexmk -recorder -use-make -deps \
                  -e 'warn qq(In Makefile, turn off custom dependencies\n);' \
                  -e '@cus_dep_list = ();' \
                  -e 'show_cus_dep();'
            all : $(TARGETS)
            $(foreach file,$(TARGETS),$(eval -include $(DEPS_DIR)/$(file)P))
            $(DEPS_DIR) :
                   mkdir $@
            %.pdf : %.tex
                   if [ ! -e $(DEPS_DIR) ]; then mkdir $(DEPS_DIR); fi
                   $(LATEXMK) -pdf -dvi- -ps- -deps-out=$(DEPS_DIR)/$@P $<
            %.pdf : %.fig
                   fig2dev -Lpdf $< $@

       (Again,  the  lines  containing  the  commands  for the rules should be
       started with tabs.)  This example was inspired by how GNU automake han-
       dles automatic dependency tracking of C source files.

       After  each  run of latexmk, dependency information is put in a file in
       the .deps subdirectory.  The Makefile causes these dependency files  to
       be read by make, which now has the full dependency information for each
       target .pdf file.  To make things less trivial it  is  specificed  that
       two  files document1.pdf and document2.pdf are the targets.  The depen-
       dency files are .deps/document1.pdfP and .deps/document2.pdfP.

       There is now no need for the phony prerequisite for the  rule  to  make
       .pdf files from .tex files.  But I have added a rule to make .pdf files
       from .fig files produced by the xfig program; these are  commonly  used
       for  graphics  insertions  in  LaTeX documents.  Latexmk is arranged to
       output a dependency file after each run.  It is given the -recorder op-
       tion,  which  improves its detection of files generated during a run of
       pdflatex; such files should not be in the dependency list.  The -e  op-
       tions  are  used  to  turn off all custom dependencies, and to document
       this.  Instead the -use-make is used to delegate the making of  missing
       files to make itself.

       Suppose  in  the LaTeX file there is a command \includegraphics{graph},
       and an xfig file "graph.fig" exists.  On a first run, pdflatex  reports
       a  missing  file, named "graph". Latexmk succeeds in making "graph.pdf"
       by calling "make graph.pdf", and after completion of its work, it lists



                               20 November 2021                             72





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       "fig.pdf" among the dependents of the file latexmk is making.  Then let
       "fig.fig" be updated, and then let make be  run.   Make  first  remakes
       "fig.pdf", and only then reruns latexmk.

       Thus  we  now  have  a method by which all the subsidiary processing is
       delegated to make.


SEE ALSO
       latex(1), bibtex(1), lualatex(1), pdflatex(1), xelatex(1).

BUGS
       Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file after
       its  creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work around:
       manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other preview-
       ers and update methods.

       (The  following  isn't  really a bug, but concerns features of preview-
       ers.)  Preview continuous mode only works perfectly with  certain  pre-
       viewers:  Xdvi  on  UNIX/Linux  works  for dvi files.  Gv on UNIX/Linux
       works for both postscript and pdf.  Ghostview  on  UNIX/Linux  needs  a
       manual  update (reopen); it views postscript and pdf.  Gsview under MS-
       Windows works for both postscript and pdf, but only reads  the  updated
       file  when  its  screen  is refreshed.  Acroread under UNIX/Linux views
       pdf, but the file needs to be closed and reopened to  view  an  updated
       version.   Under  MS-Windows,  acroread locks its input file and so the
       pdf file cannot be updated.  (Remedy: configure latexmk  to  use  suma-
       trapdf instead.)

THANKS TO
       Authors  of previous versions.  Many users with their feedback, and es-
       pecially David Coppit (username david at node coppit.org) who made many
       useful  suggestions  that contributed to version 3, and Herbert Schulz.
       (Please note that the e-mail addresses are not written in  their  stan-
       dard form to avoid being harvested too easily.)

AUTHOR
       Current  version,  by  John Collins (Version 4.76).  Report bugs etc to
       his e-mail (jcc8 at psu.edu).

       Released     version     can      be      obtained      from      CTAN:
       <http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latexmk/>,   and  from  the  author's  website
       <http://www.personal.psu.edu/jcc8/latexmk/>.
       Modifications and enhancements by Evan McLean (Version 2.0)
       Original script called "go" by David J. Musliner (RCS Version 3.2)












                               20 November 2021                             73





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)



























































                               20 November 2021                             74