path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.txt

NAME
       latexmk - generate LaTeX document

SYNOPSIS
       latexmk [options] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
       Latexmk completely automates the process of compiling a LaTeX document.
       Essentially, it is like a specialized  relative  of  the  general  make
       utility,  but  one  which determines dependencies automatically and has
       some other very useful  features.   In  its  basic  mode  of  operation
       latexmk  is  given  the name of the primary source file for a document,
       and it issues the appropriate sequence of commands to generate a  .dvi,
       .ps, .pdf and/or hardcopy version of the document.

       By default latexmk will run the commands necessary to generate a

       Latexmk  can also be set to run continuously with a suitable previewer.
       In that case the LaTeX program, etc, are  rerun  whenever  one  of  the
       source  files  is modified, and the previewer automatically updates the
       on-screen view of the compiled document.

       Latexmk determines which are the source  files  by  examining  the  log
       file.  When latexmk is run, it examines properties of the source files,
       and if any have  been  changed  since  the  last  document  generation,
       latexmk  will  run  the various LaTeX processing programs as necessary.
       In particular, it will repeat the run  of  LaTeX  (or  pdflatex)  often
       enough to resolve all cross references; depending on the macro packages
       used.  With some macro packages and document  classes,  four,  or  even
       more,  runs  may  be needed. If necessary, latexmk will also run bibtex
       and/or makeindex.  In addition, latexmk can be configured  to  generate
       other necessary files.  For example, from an updated figure file it can
       automatically generate a file in  encapsulated  postscript  or  another
       suitable format for reading by LaTeX.

       Latexmk  has  two  different  previewing  options.   In  the simple -pv
       option, a dvi, postscript or pdf previewer is automatically  run  after
       generating  the  dvi,  postscript  or pdf version of the document.  The
       type of file to view is selected according  to  configuration  settings
       and command line options.

       The  second  previewing  option  is the powerful -pvc option (mnemonic:
       "preview continuously").  In this case, latexmk runs continuously, reg-
       ularly  monitoring  all  the  source  files to see if any have changed.
       Every time a change is detected, latexmk runs all the  programs  neces-
       sary to generate a new version of the document.  A good previewer (like
       gv) will then automatically update its display.  Thus the user can sim-
       ply edit a file and, when the changes are written to disk, latexmk com-
       pletely automates the cycle of updating the .dvi (and possibly the  .ps
       and .pdf) file, and refreshing the previewer's display.  It's not quite
       WYSIWYG, but usefully close.

       For other previewers, the user may have to manually make the  previewer
       update  its display, which can be (some versions of xdvi and gsview) as
       simple as forcing a redraw of its display.

       Latexmk has the ability to print a banner  in  gray  diagonally  across
       each  page  when  making  the postscript file.  It can also, if needed,
       call an external program to do other postprocessing  on  the  generated



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       files.

       Latexmk  is highly configurable, both from the command line and in con-
       figuration files, so that it can accommodate a  wide  variety  of  user
       needs  and  system configurations.  Default values are set according to
       the operating system, so latexmk often works without special configura-
       tion  on  MS-Windows,  cygwin,  Linux,  OS-X,  and  other  UNIX systems
       (notably Solaris).

       A very annoying complication handled very reliably by Latexmk, is  that
       LaTeX  is a multiple pass system.  On each run, LaTeX reads in informa-
       tion generated on a previous run, for things like cross referencing and
       indexing.   In  the simplest cases, a second run of LaTeX suffices, and
       often the log file contains a message about the need for another  pass.
       However,  there  is  a  wide variety of add-on macro packages to LaTeX,
       with a variety of behaviors.  The  result  is  to  break  simple-minded
       determinations  of  how many runs are needed and of which programs.  In
       its new version, latexmk has a highly general and efficient solution to
       these issues.  The solution involves retaining between runs information
       on the source files, and a symptom is that latexmk generates  an  extra
       file (with extension .fdb_latexmk, by default) that contains the source
       file information.


LATEXMK OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS ON COMMAND LINE
       (All options can be introduced by  single  or  double  "-"  characters,
       e.g., "latexmk -help" or "latexmk --help".)

       file   One  or more files can be specified.  If no files are specified,
              latexmk will, by default, run on all files in the current  work-
              ing  directory  with  a  ".tex" extension.  This behavior can be
              changed: see the description concerning the @default_files vari-
              able  in  the section "List of configuration variables usable in
              initialization files".

       If a file is specified without an extension, then the ".tex"  extension
       is automatically added, just as LaTeX does.  Thus, if you specify:

            latexmk foo

       then latexmk will operate on the file "foo.tex".

       -bm <message>
              A  banner message to print diagonally across each page when con-
              verting the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a  sin-
              gle  argument  on  the  command  line so be careful with quoting
              spaces and such.

              Note that if the -bm option is  specified,  the  -ps  option  is
              assumed.

       -bi <intensity>
              How  dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number between
              0 and 1.  0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which



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              is OK unless your toner cartridge is getting low.

       -bs <scale>
              A  decimal  number  that  specifies how large the banner message
              will be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the  right
              scale  for  your message, as a rule of thumb the scale should be
              about equal to 1100 divided by the number of characters  in  the
              message.  The default is 220.0 which is just right for 5 charac-
              ter messages.

       -commands
              List the commands used by latexmk for processing files, and then
              exit.

       -c     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex except dvi, postscript and pdf.  These files are a combi-
              nation  of  log  files,  aux  files,  latexmk's database file of
              source file information, and those with extensions specified  in
              the  @generated_exts configuration variable.  In addition, files
              with extensions by the  $clean_ext  configuration  variable  are
              removed.

              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
              if you want to do a cleanup then a make.

       -C     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex.   This is the same as the -c option with the addition of
              dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those with extensions in  the
              $clean_full_ext configuration variable.

              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
              if you want to do a cleanup than a make.

       -CA    Clean up (remove) absolutely all regeneratable files.  It is now
              equivalent to the -C option

              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
              if you want to do a cleanup then a make.

       -CF    Remove the file containing the database of source file  informa-
              tion, before doing the other actions requested.

       -d     Set  draft  mode.  This prints the banner message "DRAFT" across
              your page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size  and
              intensity can be modified with the -bs and -bi options.  The -bm
              option will override this option as this is really just a  short
              way of specifying:

                   latexmk -bm DRAFT

              Note  that  if  the  -d  option  is specified, the -ps option is
              assumed.

       -dF    Dvi file filtering.  The argument to this  option  is  a  filter
              which  will  generate  a  filtered  dvi  file with the extension



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              ".dviF".  All extra processing (e.g. conversion  to  postscript,
              preview,  printing)  will then be performed on this filtered dvi
              file.

              Example usage: To use dviselect to select only the even pages of
              the dvi file:

                   latexmk -dF 'dviselect even' foo.tex

       -diagnostics
              Print  detailed  diagnostics  during  a  run.  This may help for
              debugging problems or to understand .latexmk's behavior in  dif-
              ficult situations.

       -dvi   Generate dvi version of document.

       -dvi-  Turn  off  generation of dvi version of document.  (This may get
              overridden, if some other file is made (e.g., a .ps  file)  that
              is  generated  from the dvi file, or if no generated file at all
              is requested.)

       -e <code>
              Execute the specified  initialization  code  before  processing.
              The  code  is Perl code of the same form as is used in latexmk's
              initialization files -- for more details, see the information on
              the  -r option, and the section about "Configuration/initializa-
              tion (RC) files".  The code is typically a sequence  of  assign-
              ment statements separated by semicolons.

              The  code  is  executed when the -e option is encountered during
              latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -r option for  a
              way  of  executing  initialization  code  from a file.  An error
              results in latexmk stopping.  Multiple instances of the  -r  and
              -e  options can be used, and they are executed in the order they
              appear on the command line.

              Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special char-
              acters in the code on the command line.  For example, suppose it
              is desired to set the latex command  to  use  its  -shell-escape
              option, then under UNIX/LINUX you could use the line

                   latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex

              (Note  that  the  q/.../ construct is a Perl idiom equivalent to
              using single quotes.  This is easier than  arranging  to  get  a
              quote  character  correctly escaped in a way that is independent
              of the shell and the operating-system.)

       -f     Force latexmk to continue document  processing  despite  errors.
              Normally, when latexmk detects that LaTeX or another program has
              found an error which will not be resolved by further processing,
              no further processing is carried out.

       -f-    Turn off the forced processing-past-errors such as is set by the
              -f option.  This could be  used  to  override  a  setting  in  a



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              configuration file.

       -g     Force  latexmk  to process document fully, even under situations
              where latexmk would normally  decide  that  no  changes  in  the
              source  files have occurred since the previous run.  This option
              is useful, for example, if you change some options and  wish  to
              reprocess the files.

       -g-    Turn off -g.

       -gg    "Super go mode" or "clean make": clean out generated files as if
              -CA had been given, and then do a regular make.

       -h, -help
              Print help information.

       -l     Run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode for the preview-
              ers  and  the  dvi to postscript converters.  This option is not
              normally needed  nowadays,  since  current  previewers  normally
              determine this information automatically.

       -l-    Turn off -l.

       -new-viewer
              When  in  continuous-preview  mode, always start a new viewer to
              view the generated file.  By default, latexmk will, in  continu-
              ous-preview  mode,  test  for a previously running previewer for
              the same file and not start a new one if a previous previewer is
              running.  However, its test sometimes fails (notably if there is
              an already-running previewer that is viewing a file of the  same
              name  as  the current file, but in a different directory).  This
              option turns off the default behavior.

       -new-viewer-
              The inverse of the -new-viewer option.  It puts latexmk  in  its
              normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for an
              already-running previewer.

       -p     Print  out  the  document.   By  default  it  is  the  generated
              postscript file that is printed.  But you can use the -print=...
              option to print the dvi or pdf files instead, and you  can  con-
              figure this in a start up file (by setting the $print_type vari-
              able).

              However, printing is enabled by default  only  under  UNIX/LINUX
              systems,  where  the default is to use the lpr command.  In gen-
              eral, the correct behavior for printing  very  much  depends  on
              your  system's  software.   In  particular, under MS-Windows you
              must have suitable program(s) available, and you must have  con-
              figured  the  print  commands used by latexmk.  This can be non-
              trivial.  See the  documentation  on  the  $lpr,  $lpr_dvi,  and
              $lpr_pdf  configuration variables to see how to set the commands
              for printing.

              This option is incompatible with the -pv and -pvc options, so it



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              turns them off.

       -pdf   Generate pdf version of document using pdflatex.

       -pdfdvi
              Generate  pdf  version of document from the dvi file, by default
              using dvipdf.

       -pdfps Generate pdf version of document from the ps  file,  by  default
              using ps2pdf.

       -pdf-  Turn  off  generation  of pdf version of document.  (This can be
              used to override a setting in a configuration file.  It may  get
              overridden if some other option requires the generation of a pdf
              file.)

       -print=dvi, -print=ps, -print=pdf
              Define which kind of file is printed.  This option also  ensures
              that  the  requisite  file  is made, and turns on printing.  The
              default is to print a postscript file.

       -ps    Generate postscript version of document.

       -ps-   Turn off generation of postscript version of document.  This can
              be  used to override a setting in a configuration file.  (It may
              get overridden by some other option that requires  a  postscript
              file, for example a request for printing.)

       -pF    Postscript  file  filtering.   The  argument to this option is a
              filter which will generate a filtered postscript file  with  the
              extension ".psF".  All extra processing (e.g. preview, printing)
              will then be performed on this filtered postscript file.

              Example of usage: Use psnup to print two pages on the one page:

                   latexmk -ps -pF 'psnup -2' foo.tex

              or

                   latexmk -ps -pF "psnup -2" foo.tex

              Whether to use single or double quotes round the "psnup -2" will
              depend  on  your  command interpreter, as used by the particular
              version of perl and the operating system on your computer.

       -pv    Run file previewer.  If the -view  option  is  used,  this  will
              select  the kind of file to be previewed (dvi, ps or pdf).  Oth-
              erwise the viewer views the "highest" kind of file selected,  by
              the  -dvi,  -ps, -pdf, -pdfps options, in the order dvi, ps, pdf
              (low to high).  If no file type has been selected, the dvi  pre-
              viewer  will  be  used.  This option is incompatible with the -p
              and -pvc options, so it turns them off.

       -pv-   Turn off -pv.




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       -pvc   Run a file previewer  and  continually  update  the  .dvi,  .ps,
              and/or .pdf files whenever changes are made to source files (see
              the Description above).  Which of these files is  generated  and
              which  is  viewed  is  governed by the other options, and is the
              same as for the -pv option.  The preview-continuous option  -pvc
              can  only work with one file.  So in this case you will normally
              only specify one filename on  the  command  line.   It  is  also
              incompatible  with  the  -p  and  -pv options, so it turns these
              options off

              With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
              (Under  some but not all versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch" does
              this for postscript files; this can be set  by  a  configuration
              variable.   This  would  also  work  for pdf files except for an
              apparent bug in gv that causes an error when the  newly  updated
              pdf  file  is  read.)   Many other previewers will need a manual
              update.

              Important note: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf
              file,  and  prevents  new versions being written, so it is a bad
              idea to use acroread to view  pdf  files  in  preview-continuous
              mode.   It is better to use a dvi or ps viewer, as set by one of
              the -view=dvi and -view=ps options.

              There are some other methods for arranging  an  update,  notably
              useful  for  many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are best set
              in latexmk's configuration; see below.

              Note that if latexmk  dies  or  is  stopped  by  the  user,  the
              "forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations
              with the -pvc option will not fork new previewers,  but  latexmk
              will  normally  use the existing previewer.  (At least this will
              happen when latexmk is running under an operating  system  where
              it  knows how to determine whether an existing previewer is run-
              ning.)

       -pvc-  Turn off -pvc.

       -quiet Same as -silent

       -r <rcfile>
              Read the specified initialization file ("RC file")  before  pro-
              cessing.

              Be careful about the ordering: (1) Standard initialization files
              -- see the section below on  "Configuration/initialization  (RC)
              files"  --  are read first.  (2) Then the options on the command
              line are acted on in the order they are given.  Therefore if  an
              initialization  file  is  specified by the -r option, it is read
              during this second step.  Thus an initialization file  specified
              with the -r option can override both the standard initialization
              files and previously specified options.  But all of these can be
              overridden by later options.

              The contents of the RC file just comprise a piece of code in the



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              Perl programming language (typically a  sequence  of  assignment
              statements); they are executed when the -r option is encountered
              during latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -e option
              for  a  way  of giving initialization code directly on latexmk's
              command line.  An error results in latexmk  stopping.   Multiple
              instances  of  the  -r  and -e options can be used, and they are
              executed in the order they appear on the command line.

       -silent
              Run commands silently, i.e., with options that reduce the amount
              of  diagnostics  generated.   For example, with the default set-
              tings for commands under  UNIX,  the  command  "latex  -interac-
              tion=batchmode" is used for latex.

              Also  reduce  the  number of informational messages that latexmk
              generates.

       -v, -version
              Print version number of latexmk.

       -verbose
              Opposite of -silent.  This is the default setting.

       -view=default, -view=dvi, -view=ps, -view=pdf
              Set the kind of file used when previewing is requested (e.g., by
              the -pv or -pvc switches).  The default is to view the "highest"
              kind of requested file (in the order dvi, ps, pdf).

       The preview-continuous option -pvc can only work with one file.  So  in
       this  case  you  will normally only specify one filename on the command
       line.

       Options -p, -pv and -pvc are mutually  exclusive.   So  each  of  these
       options turns the others off.


EXAMPLES
       % latexmk thesis    # run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references

       % latexmk -pvc -ps thesis# run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references, make a postscript
                           file, start a previewer.  Then
                           watch for changes in the source
                           file thesis.tex and any files it
                           uses.  After any changes rerun latex
                           the appropriate number of times and
                           remake the postscript file.  If latex
                           encounters an error, latexmk will
                           keep running, watching for
                           source file changes.

       % latexmk -c        # remove .aux, .log, .bbl, .blg, .dvi,
                           .pdf, .ps & .bbl files




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CONFIGURATION/INITIALIZATION (RC) FILES
       Latexmk can be customized using initialization files, which are read at
       startup in the following order:

       1) The system RC file, if it exists.
          On a UNIX system, latexmk searches for following places for its sys-
       tem RC file, in the following order, and reads the first it finds:
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk/LatexMk".
          On a MS-WINDOWS system it looks for "C:\latexmk\LatexMk".

       2) The user's RC file, "$HOME/.latexmkrc", if it exists.  Here $HOME is
       the value of  the  environment  variable  HOME.   On  UNIX  and  clones
       (including  LINUX),  this variable is set by the system; on MS-Windows,
       the user may choose to set it.

       3) The RC file in the current working  directory.   This  file  can  be
       named  either "latexmkrc" or ".latexmkrc", and the first of these to be
       found is used, if any.

       4) Any RC file(s) specified on the command line with the -r option.

       Each RC file is a sequence of Perl commands.  Naturally, a user can use
       this  in  creative  ways.   But  for  most  purposes, one simply uses a
       sequence of assignment statements that override some  of  the  built-in
       settings  of  Latexmk.   Straightforward  cases  can be handled without
       knowledge of the Perl language by using the examples in  this  document
       as templates.  Comment lines are introduced by the "#" character.

       Note  that  command  line options are obeyed in the order in which they
       are written; thus any RC file specified on the command line with the -r
       option  can  override  previous options but can be itself overridden by
       later options on the command line.  There is also the -e option,  which
       allows initialization code to be specified in latexmk's command line.


HOW TO SET VARIABLES IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       The  important  variables  that  can be configured are described in the
       section "List  of  configuration  variables  usable  in  initialization
       files".  Syntax for setting these variables is of the following forms:

                           $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';

       for the setting of a string variable,

                           $preview_mode = 1;

       for the setting of a numeric variable, and

                           @default_files = ('paper', 'paper1');

       for  the  setting  of an array of strings.  It is possible to append an
       item to an array variable as follows:




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                           push @default_files, 'paper2';

       Note that simple "scalar" variables have names  that  begin  with  a  $
       character and array variables have names that begin with a @ character.
       Each statement ends with a semicolon.

       You can do much more complicated things, but for this you will need  to
       consult a manual for the Perl programming language.




FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS
       Some  of  the variables set the commands that latexmk uses for carrying
       out its work, for example to generate a dvi file from a tex file or  to
       view a postscript file.  This section describes some important features
       of how the commands are specified.

       Placeholders:  Supposed you wanted latexmk to use the command elatex in
       place  of  the  regular  latex  command,  and suppose moreover that you
       wanted to give it the option "--shell-escape".  You could  do  this  by
       the following setting:

            $latex = 'elatex --shell-escape %O %S';

       The  two  items  starting with the % character are placeholders.  These
       are substituted by appropriate values before the command is run.   Thus
       %S  will be replaced by the source file that elatex will be applied to,
       and %O will be replaced by any options that latexmk has decided to  use
       for  this  command.   (E.g.,  if  you  used the -silent option it would
       replace %O by "-interaction=batchmode".)

       The available placeholders are:

       %B     base of filename for current command.   E.g.,  if  a  postscript
              file  document.ps  is being made from the dvi file document.dvi,
              then the basename is document.

       %D     destination file (e.g., the name of  the  postscript  file  when
              converting a dvi file to postscript).

       %O     options

       %R     root filename.  This is the base name for the main tex file.

       %S     source  file  (e.g.,  the name of the dvi file when converting a
              dvi file to ps).

       %T     The name of the primary tex file.

       The distinction between %B and %R needs a bit of care, since  they  are
       often  the same, but not always.  For example on a simple document, the
       basename of a bibtex run is the same as for the texfile.  But in a doc-
       ument  with  several bibliographies, the bibliography files will have a
       variety of names.  Since bibtex is invoked with  the  basename  of  the



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       bibliography  file, the setting for the bibtex command should therefore
       be

            $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';

       Generally, you should use %B rather than %R.  Similarly for  most  pur-
       poses,  the name %T of the primary texfile is not a useful placeholder.

       See the default values in the section "List of configuration  variables
       usable in initialization files" for what is normally the most appropri-
       ate usage.

       If you omit to supply any placeholders whatever in the specification of
       a  command,  latexmk will supply what its author thinks are appropriate
       defaults.  This gives compatibility with configuration files for previ-
       ous versions of latexmk, which didn't use placeholders.

       "Detaching"  a  command: Normally when latexmk runs a command, it waits
       for the command to run to completion.  This is appropriate for commands
       like latex, of course.  But for previewers, the command should normally
       run detached, so that latexmk  gets  the  previewer  running  and  then
       returns to its next task (or exits if there is nothing else to do).  To
       achieve this effect of detaching a command, you  need  to  precede  the
       command name with "start ", as in

            $dvi_previewer = 'start xdvi %O %S';

       This  will  be translated to whatever is appropriate for your operating
       system.

       Notes: (1) In some circumstances,  latex  will  always  run  a  command
       detached.  This is the case for a previewer in preview continuous mode,
       since otherwise previewing continuously makes no sense.  (2) This  pre-
       cludes  the  possibility  of running a command named start.  (3) If the
       word start occurs more than  once  at  the  beginning  of  the  command
       string,  that is equivalent to having just one.  (4) Under cygwin, some
       complications happen, since cygwin amounts to a complicated merging  of
       UNIX  and  MS-Windows.   See  the  source code for how I've handled the
       problem.

       Command names containing spaces: Under MS-Windows it is common that the
       name of a command includes spaces, since software is often installed in
       a subdirectory of "C:Program Files".   Such  command  names  should  be
       enclosed in double quotes, as in

            $lpr_pdf  =  '"c:/Program  Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe"  /p
       %S';

       Using MS-Windows file associations: A useful trick  under  modern  ver-
       sions of MS-Windows (e.g., WinXP) is to use just the command

            $dvi_previewer = 'start %S';

       Under recent versions of MS-Windows, this will cause to be run whatever
       program the system has associated with dvi files.   (The  same  applies



                                 10 April 2009                              11





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       for a postscript viewer and a pdf viewer.)

       Not using a certain command: If a command is not to be run, the command
       name NONE is used, as in

            $lpr  = 'NONE lpr';

       This typically is used when an appropriate command does  not  exist  on
       your system.  The string after the "NONE" is effectively a comment.

       Options to commands: Setting the name of a command can be used not only
       for changing the name of the command called, but also to add options to
       command.   Suppose  you  want latexmk to use latex with source specials
       enabled.  Then you might use the following line  in  an  initialization
       file:

            $latex = 'latex --src-specials %O %S';


       Advanced  tricks:  Normally one specifies a single command for the com-
       mands invoked by latexmk.  Naturally,  if  there  is  some  complicated
       additional processing you need to do in your special situation, you can
       write a script (or batch file) to do the processing, and then configure
       latexmk to use your script in place of the standard program.

       It is also possible to configure latexmk to run multiple commands.  For
       example, if when running pdflatex to generate a pdf  file  from  a  tex
       file  you  need  to  run another program after pdflatex to perform some
       extra processing, you could do something like:

            $pdflatex = 'pdflatex --shell-escape  %O  %S;  pst2pdf_for_latexmk
       %B';

       This  definition  assumes you are using a UNIX-like system, so that the
       two commands to be run are separated by the semicolon in the middle  of
       the string.



LIST OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES USABLE IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       Default values are indicated in brackets.

       $banner [0]
              If  nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page when
              converting the dvi file to postscript.   Without  modifying  the
              variable  $banner_message,  this is equivalent to specifying the
              -d option.

              Note that if $banner is nonzero, the $postscript_mode is assumed
              and the postscript file is always generated, even if it is newer
              than the dvi file.

       $banner_intensity [0.95]
              Equivalent to the -bi option, this is a decimal number between 0
              and  1 that specifies how dark to print the banner message. 0 is



                                 10 April 2009                              12





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              black, 1 is white.  The default is just right if your toner car-
              tridge isn't running too low.

       $banner_message ["DRAFT"]
              The banner message to print across each page when converting the
              dvi file to postscript.  This is equivalent to the -bm option.

       $banner_scale [220.0]
              A decimal number that specifies how  large  the  banner  message
              will  be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right
              scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be
              about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
              message.  The Default is just right for  5  character  messages.
              This is equivalent to the -bs option.

       @BIBINPUTS
              This  is  an array variable, now mostly obsolete, that specifies
              directories where  latexmk  should  look  for  .bib  files.   By
              default it is set from the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the
              operating system.  If that environment variable is  not  set,  a
              single  element list consisting of the current directory is set.
              The format of the directory names depends on your operating sys-
              tem, of course.  Examples for setting this variable are:

                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "\\server\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "//server/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "/usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib" );

              Note  that  under  MS  Windows,  either a forward slash "/" or a
              backward slash "\" can be used to separate pathname  components,
              so  the  first  two  and the second two examples are equivalent.
              Each backward slash should be doubled to avoid running afoul  of
              Perl's rules for writing strings.

       Important  note:  This  variable  is now mostly obsolete in the current
       version of latexmk, since it has a better method of searching for files
       using the kpsewhich command.  However, if your system is an unusual one
       without the kpsewhich command, you may need to set the variable @BIBIN-
       PUTS.

       $bibtex ["bibtex %O %S"]
              The BibTeX processing program.

       $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
              Switch(es) for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $cleanup_includes_generated [0]
              If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files  that  are
              detected  in log file as being generated (see the \openout lines
              in the log file).  It will also include files  made  from  these
              first generation generated files.




                                 10 April 2009                              13





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       $cleanup_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies  cleanup mode: 1 for full cleanup, 2 for
              cleanup except for dvi, ps and pdf files, 3 for  cleanup  except
              for  dep and aux files.  (There is also extra cleaning as speci-
              fied by  the  $clean_ext,  $clean_full_ext  and  @generated_exts
              variables.)

       This  variable  is  equivalent  to specifying one of the -c, -c1, or -C
       options.  But there should be no need to set this variable from  an  RC
       file.

       $clean_ext [""]
              Extra  extensions of files for latexmk to remove when any of the
              clean-up options (-c, -c1, or -C) is  selected.   The  value  of
              this variable is a string containing the extensions separated by
              spaces.

       $clean_full_ext [""]
              Extra extensions of files for latexmk  to  remove  when  the  -C
              option is selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove when the
              .dvi, etc files are to be cleaned-up.

       @cus_dep_list [()]
              Custom dependency list -- see section on "Custom  Dependencies".

       @default_files [("*.tex")]
              Default list of files to be processed.

              Normally,  if  no  filenames  are specified on the command line,
              latexmk processes all tex files specified in the  @default_files
              variable,  which by default is set to all tex files ("*.tex") in
              the current directory.  This is a convenience: just run  latexmk
              and  it will process an appropriate set of files.  But sometimes
              you want only some of these files to be processed.  In this case
              you  set the @default_files in an initialization file (e.g., the
              file "latexmkrc" in the current directory).  Then  if  no  files
              are  specified on the command line then the files you specify by
              setting @default_files are processed.

              Three examples:

                   @default_files = ("paper_current");

                   @default_files = ("paper1", "paper2.tex");

                   @default_files = ("*.tex", "*.dtx");

              Note that more than file may be  given,  and  that  the  default
              extension  is  ".tex".  Wild cards are allowed.  The parentheses
              are  because  @default_files  is  an  array  variable,  i.e.,  a
              sequence of filename specifications is possible.

       $dvi_filter [empty]
              The  dvi  file  filter  to be run on the newly produced dvi file
              before other  processing.   Equivalent  to  specifying  the  -dF



                                 10 April 2009                              14





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              option.

       $dvi_mode [See below for default]
              If  nonzero, generate a dvi version of the document.  Equivalent
              to the -dvi option.

       The variable $dvi_mode defaults to 0, but if no explicit  requests  are
       made  for other types of file (postscript, pdf), then $dvi_mode will be
       set to 1.  In addition, if a request for a file for which a  .dvi  file
       is a prerequisite, then $dvi_mode will be set to 1.

       $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
              The  command  to  invoke  a  dvi-previewer.  [Default is "start"
              under MS-WINDOWS; under more recent versions  of  Windows,  this
              will  cause to be run whatever command the system has associated
              with .dvi files.]

       $dvi_previewer_landscape ["start xdvi %O %S"]
              The  command  to  invoke  a  dvi-previewer  in  landscape  mode.
              [Default is "start" under MS-WINDOWS; under more recent versions
              of Windows, this will cause to be run whatever command the  sys-
              tem has associated with .dvi files.]

       $dvipdf ["dvipdf %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert dvi to pdf file.  A common reconfiguration is
              to use the dvipdfm command, which needs its arguments in a  dif-
              ferent order:

                   $dvipdf = "dvipdfm %O -o %D %S";

              WARNING:  The  default  dvipdf  script  generates pdf files with
              bitmapped fonts, which do not look good when viewed by acroread.
              That  script  should  be  modified to give dvips the options "-P
              pdf" to ensure that type 1 fonts are used in the pdf file.

       $dvips ["dvips %O -o %D %S"]
              The program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a  .ps
              file.   If pdf is going to be generated from pdf, then the value
              of the $dvips_pdf_switch -- see below -- will be included in the
              options substituted for "%O".

       $dvips_landscape ["dvips -tlandscape %O -o %D %S"]
              The  program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a .ps
              file in landscape mode.

       $dvips_pdf_switch ["-P pdf"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when pdf file is  to  be  generated
              from ps file.

       $dvips_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when silent mode is on.

       $dvi_update_command [""]
              When  the  dvi  previewer is set to be updated by running a com-
              mand, this is the command that is run.  See the information  for



                                 10 April 2009                              15





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              the variable $dvi_update_method for further information, and see
              information on the variable $pdf_update_method  for  an  example
              for the analogous case of a pdf previewer.

       $dvi_update_method [2 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How  the  dvi  viewer  updates its display when the dvi file has
              changed.    The   values   here    apply    equally    to    the
              $pdf_update_method and to the $ps_update_method variables.
                  0 => update is automatic,
                  1=> manual update by user, which may only mean a mouse click
              on the viewer's window or may mean a more serious action.
                  2 => Send the  signal,  whose  number  is  in  the  variable
              $dvi_update_signal.   The  default  value under UNIX is suitable
              for xdvi.
                  3 => Viewer cannot do an update, because it locks the  file.
              (As with acroread under MS-Windows.)
                  4  => run a command to do the update.  The command is speci-
              fied by the variable $dvi_update_command.

              See information on the variable $pdf_update_method for an  exam-
              ple of updating by command.

       $dvi_update_signal  [Under  UNIX:  SIGUSR1, which is a system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the dvi viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal -- see  the  information  on  the
              variable  $dvi_update_method.   The  default  value  is  the one
              appropriate for xdvi on a UNIX system.

       $fdb_ext ["fdb_latexmk"]
              The extension of the file which latexmk generates to  contain  a
              database  of information on source files.  You will not normally
              need to change this.

       $force_mode [0]
              If nonzero, continue processing past minor latex errors  includ-
              ing unrecognized cross references.  Equivalent to specifying the
              -f option.

       @generated_exts [( aux , bbl , idx , ind , lof , lot  ,  out  ,  toc  ,
       $fdb_ext )]
              This contains a list of extensions for files that are  generated
              during  a LaTeX run and that are read in by LaTeX in later runs,
              either directly or indirectly.

              This list has two uses: (a) to set  the  kinds  of  file  to  be
              deleted in a cleanup operation (with the -c, -C, -CA, -g and -gg
              options), and (b) in the determination of  whether  a  rerun  of
              (pdf)LaTeX is needed after a run that gives an error.

              (Normally, a change of a source file during a run should provoke
              a rerun.  This includes a file generated by LaTeX, e.g., an  aux
              file,  that is read in on subsequent runs.  But after a run that
              results in an error, a new run should occur until the  user  has
              made  a change in the files.  But the user may have corrected an



                                 10 April 2009                              16





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              error in a source .tex file during the run.  So latexmk needs to
              distinguish user-generated and automatically generated files; it
              determines the  automatically  generated  files  as  those  with
              extensions in the list in @generated_exts.)

              A  convenient way to add an extra extension to the list, without
              losing the already defined ones is to use a push command in  the
              line in an RC file.  E.g.,

                              push @generated_exts, "end";

              adds  the  extension  "end"  to the list of predefined generated
              extensions.  (This extension is used by the RevTeX package,  for
              example.)

       $go_mode [0]
              If  nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is then
              equivalent to the -g option.

       %hash_calc_ignore_pattern
              !!!This variable is for experts only!!!

              The general rule latexmk uses for determining when an extra  run
              of  some  program  is needed is that one of the source files has
              changed.  But consider for example a latex package  that  causes
              an  encapsulated postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made that
              is to be read in on the next run.  The file contains  a  comment
              line  giving  its  creation  date and time.  On the next run the
              time changes, latex sees that the  eps  file  has  changed,  and
              therefore  reruns  latex.   This  causes  an infinite loop, only
              exited becaues latexmk has a limit on  the  number  of  runs  to
              guard against pathological situations.

              But the changing line has no real effect, since it is a comment.
              You can instruct latex to ignore the offending line as follows:

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: ';

              This creates a rule for files with extension .eps about lines to
              ignore.   The left-hand side is a Perl idiom for setting an item
              in a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without  a
              period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string contain-
              ing a regular expresssion.  (See documentation on Perl  for  how
              they  are  to be specified in general.)  This particular regular
              expression specifies that lines beginning with  "%%CreationDate:
              "  are  to  be  ignored  in deciding whether a file of the given
              extension .eps has changed.

       $kpsewhich ["kpsewhich %S"]
              The program called to locate a source file when the  name  alone
              is  not  sufficient.  Most filenames used by latexmk have suffi-
              cient path information to be  found  directly.   But  sometimes,
              notably  when  the file, but not its path is known.  The program
              specified by $kpsewhich is used to find it.




                                 10 April 2009                              17





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              See also the @BIBINPUTS variable for another  way  that  latexmk
              also uses to try to locate files; it applies only in the case of
              .bib files.

       $landscape_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode pre-
              viewers  and dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the -l
              option.  Normally not needed with current previewers.

       $latex ["latex %O %S"]
              The LaTeX processing program.  Note that as with other programs,
              you  can  use  this  variable not just to change the name of the
              program used, but also specify options to the program.  E.g.,

                                  $latex = "latex --src-specials";

       %latex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that a LaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has not
              been found, and the file is given without  an  extension.   This
              typically happens when LaTeX commands of the form input{file} or
              includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source file does  not
              exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified  by the variable %latex_input_extensions.  The default
              extensions are

              (For Perl experts: %latex_input_extensions is a hash whose  keys
              are  the  extensions.   The values are irrelevant.)  Two subrou-
              tines are provided for manipulating this and the  related  vari-
              able      %pdflatex_input_extensions,      add_input_ext     and
              remove_input_ext.  They are used as in  the  following  examples
              are possible lines in an initialization file:

                  remove_input_ext( 'latex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from latex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'latex', 'asdf' );

              add  the  extension 'asdf to latex_input_extensions.  (Naturally
              with such an extension, you should have made an appropriate cus-
              tom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the appro-
              priate programming in the LaTeX source file to enable  the  file
              to  be  read.   The standard extensions are handled by LaTeX and
              its graphics/graphicx packages.


       $latex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the LaTeX processing program when silent mode  is
              on.   Under MS-Windows, the default value is changed to "-inter-
              action=batchmode -c-style-errors", as used by MikTeX and  fpTeX.




                                 10 April 2009                              18





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       $lpr ["lpr %O %S" under UNIX/LINUX, "NONE lpr" under MS-WINDOWS]
              The command to print postscript files.

              Under  MS-Windows (unlike UNIX/LINUX), there is no standard pro-
              gram for printing files.  But there are ways you can do it.  For
              example, if you have gsview installed, you could use it with the
              option "/p":

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If  gsview  is installed in a different directory, you will need
              to make the appropriate change.  Note the combination of  single
              and  double  quotes  around the name.  The single quotes specify
              that this is a string to be assigned to the configuration  vari-
              able  $lpr.   The double quotes are part of the string passed to
              the operating system to get the command obeyed; this  is  neces-
              sary because one part of the command name ("Program Files") con-
              tains a space which would otherwise be misinterpreted.

       $lpr_dvi ["NONE lpr_dvi"]
              The printing program to print dvi files.

       $lpr_pdf ["NONE lpr_pdf"]
              The printing program to print pdf files.

              Under MS-Windows you could set this to  use  gsview,  if  it  is
              installed, e.g.,

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If gsview is installed in a different directory, you  will  need
              to  make  the appropriate change.  Note the double quotes around
              the name: this is necessary because one part of the command name
              ("Program Files") contains a space which would otherwise be mis-
              interpreted.


       $makeindex ["makeindex %O -o %D %S"]
              The index processing program.

       $max_repeat [5]
              The maximum number of  times  latexmk  will  run  latex/pdflatex
              before  deciding  that there may be an infinite loop and that it
              needs to bail out, rather than rerunning latex/pdflatex again to
              resolve  cross-references,  etc.   The  default value covers all
              normal cases.

              (Note that the "etc" covers a lot of  cases  where  one  run  of
              latex/pdflatex generates files to be read in on a later run.)

       $new_viewer_always [0]
              This  variable  applies  to  latexmk  only in continuous-preview
              mode.  If $new_viewer_always is 0, latexmk will check for a pre-
              viously  running  previewer on the same file, and if one is run-
              ning will not start a new one.  If  $new_viewer_always  is  non-



                                 10 April 2009                              19





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              zero,  this check will be skipped, and latexmk will behave as if
              no viewer is running.

       $pdf_mode [0]
              If zero, do NOT generate a pdf  version  of  the  document.   If
              equal  to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using pdfla-
              tex.  If equal to 2, generate a pdf version of the document from
              the ps file, by using the command specified by the $ps2pdf vari-
              able.  If equal to 3, generate a pdf  version  of  the  document
              from the dvi file, by using the command specified by the $dvipdf
              variable.

              Equivalent to the -pdf-, -pdf, -pdfdvi, -pdfps options.

       $pdflatex ["pdflatex %O %S"]
              The LaTeX processing program in the version  that  makes  a  pdf
              file instead of a dvi file.

       %pdflatex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that a pdfLaTeX run resulted in an error that a  file  has
              not  been  found,  and  the  file is given without an extension.
              This  typically  happens  when  LaTeX  commands  of   the   form
              input{file} or includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source
              file does not exist.

              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified  by  the  variable  %pdflatex_input_extensions.    The
              default extensions are

              (For  Perl  experts:  %pdflatex_input_extensions is a hash whose
              keys are the extensions.  The values are irrelevant.)  Two  sub-
              routines  are  provided  for  manipulating  this and the related
              variable     %latex_input_extensions,     add_input_ext      and
              remove_input_ext.   They  are  used as in the following examples
              are possible lines in an initialization file:

                  remove_input_ext( 'pdflatex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from pdflatex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'pdflatex', 'asdf' );

              add the extension 'asdf  to  pdflatex_input_extensions.   (Natu-
              rally  with such an extension, you should have made an appropri-
              ate custom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the
              appropriate  programming  in the LaTeX source file to enable the
              file to be read.  The standard extensions are handled by  pdfla-
              tex and its graphics/graphicx packages.)


       $pdflatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for  the pdflatex program (specified in the variable
              $pdflatex when silent mode is on.  Under MS-Windows, the default



                                 10 April 2009                              20





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              value is changed to "-interaction=batchmode -c-style-errors", as
              used by MikTeX and fpTeX.

       $pdf_previewer ["start acroread %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a pdf-previewer.  [Default is  changed  to
              "start"  on  MS-WINDOWS;  under more recent versions of Windows,
              this will cause to be run whatever command the system has  asso-
              ciated with .pdf files.]

              WARNING: Potential problem under MS-Windows: if acroread is used
              as the pdf previewer, and it is actually viewing a pdf file, the
              pdf file cannot be updated.  Thus makes acroread a bad choice of
              previewer if you use latexmk's previous-continuous mode  (option
              -pvc)   under  MS-windows.   This  problem  does  not  occur  if
              ghostview, gv or gsview is used to view pdf files.

       $pdf_update_command [""]
              When the pdf previewer is set to be updated by  running  a  com-
              mand,  this is the command that is run.  See the information for
              the variable $pdf_update_method.

       $pdf_update_method [1 under UNIX, 3 under MS-Windows]
              How the pdf viewer updates its display when  the  pdf  file  has
              changed.  See the information on the variable $dvi_update_method
              for the codes.  (Note that information needs be changed slightly
              so  that for the value 4, to run a command to do the update, the
              command is specified by the  variable  $pdf_update_command,  and
              for  the  value  2,  to  specify update by signal, the signal is
              specified by $pdf_update_signal.)

              Note that acroread under MS-Windows (but not UNIX) locks the pdf
              file, so the default value is then 3.

              Arranging to use a command to get a previewer explicitly updated
              requires three variables to be set.  For example:

                  $pdf_previewer = "start xpdf -remote %R %O %S";
                  $pdf_update_method = 4;
                  $pdf_update_command = "xpdf -remote %R -reload";

              The first setting arranges for the xpdf program to  be  used  in
              its  "remote server mode", with the server name specified as the
              rootname of the TeX  file.   The  second  setting  arranges  for
              updating to be done in response to a command, and the third set-
              ting sets the update command.


       $pdf_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGHUP,  which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when  it
              is  updated  by  sending  a signal -- see the information on the
              variable $pdf_update_method.   The  default  value  is  the  one
              appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pid_position[1 under UNIX, -1 under MS-Windows]
              The  variable  $pid_position  is  used  to specify which word in
              lines of the output from $pscmd corresponds to the  process  ID.



                                 10 April 2009                              21





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              The  first word in the line is numbered 0.  The default value of
              1 (2nd word in line) is correct for Solaris 2.6 and Linux.  Set-
              ting  the  variable to -1 is used to indicate that $pscmd is not
              to be used.

       $postscript_mode [0]
              If nonzero, generate  a  postscript  version  of  the  document.
              Equivalent to the -ps option.

       If  some  other  request is made for which a postscript file is needed,
       then $postscript_mode will be set to 1.

       $preview_continuous_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to view the document,  and  continue
              running latexmk to keep .dvi up-to-date.  Equivalent to the -pvc
              option.  Which previewer is run depends on the  other  settings,
              see the command line options -view=, and the variable $view.

       $preview_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to preview the document.  Equivalent
              to the -pv option.  Which previewer is run depends on the  other
              settings,  see the command line options -view=, and the variable
              $view.

       $printout_mode [0]
              If nonzero, print the document using lpr.  Equivalent to the  -p
              option.  This is recommended not to be set from an RC file, oth-
              erwise you could waste lots of paper.

       $print_type = ["ps"]
              Type of file  to  printout:  possibilities  are  "dvi",  "none",
              "pdf", or "ps".

       $pscmd Command used to get all the processes currently run by the user.
              The -pvc option uses  the  command  specified  by  the  variable
              $pscmd  to  determine  if there is an already running previewer,
              and to find the process ID (needed if latexmk  needs  to  signal
              the previewer about file changes).

              Each line of the output of this command is assumed to correspond
              to one process.  See the $pid_position variable for how the pro-
              cess number is determined.

              The  default  for  pscmd  is  "NONE" under MS-Windows and cygwin
              (i.e.,  the  command  is  not  used),  "ps  --width  200  -f  -u
              $ENV{USER}"  under  linux,  "ps  -ww -u $ENV{USER}" under darwin
              (Macintosh OS-X), and "ps -f -u $ENV{USER}" under other  operat-
              ing  systems (including other flavors of UNIX).  In these speci-
              fications "$ENV{USER}" is substituted by the username.

       $ps2pdf ["ps2pdf %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert ps to pdf file.

       $ps_filter [empty]
              The postscript file filter to  be  run  on  the  newly  produced
              postscript file before other processing.  Equivalent to specify-
              ing the -pF option.



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       $ps_previewer ["start gv %O %S", but "start %O %S" under MS-WINDOWS]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer.  (The  default  under  MS-
              WINDOWS  will  cause  to  be run whatever command the system has
              associated with .ps files.)

              Note that gv could be used with the -watch  option  updates  its
              display  whenever the postscript file changes, whereas ghostview
              does not.  However, different versions of gv have slightly  dif-
              ferent  ways  of  writing  this  option.  You can configure this
              variable apppropriately.

              WARNING: Linux systems may have installed one (or more) versions
              of  gv  under  different  names, e.g., ggv, kghostview, etc, but
              perhaps not one called gv.

       $ps_previewer_landscape ["start gv -swap %O  %S",  but  "start  %O  %S"
       under MS-WINDOWS]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer in landscape mode.

       $ps_update_command [""]
              When the postscript previewer is set to be updated by running  a
              command,  this  is the command that is run.  See the information
              for the variable $ps_update_method.

       $ps_update_method [0 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How the postscript viewer updates its display when the  ps  file
              has    changed.    See   the   information   on   the   variable
              $dvi_update_method for the codes.  (Note that information  needs
              be changed slightly so that for the value 4, to run a command to
              do  the  update,  the  command  is  specified  by  the  variable
              $ps_update_command,  and  for  the value 2, to specify update by
              signal, the signal is specified by $ps_update_signal.)


       $ps_update_signal [Under UNIX:  SIGHUP,  which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when  it
              is  updated  by  sending a signal -- see $ps_update_method.  The
              default value is the one appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $sleep_time [2]
              The time to sleep (in seconds) between checking for source  file
              changes when running the -pvc option.

       $texfile_search [""]
              This  is  an  obsolete  variable, replaced by the @default_files
              variable.

              For  backward  compatibility,  if  you  choose  to   set   $tex-
              file_search,  it  is  a string of space-separated filenames, and
              then latexmk replaces @default_files with the filenames in $tex-
              file_search to which is added "*.tex".

       $tmpdir [See below for default]
              Directory  to  store  temporary  files that latexmk may generate
              while running.




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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


              The default  under  MSWindows  (including  cygwin),  is  to  set
              $tmpdir  to  the  value  of the first of whichever of the system
              environment variables TMPDIR or TEMP exists,  otherwise  to  the
              current  directory.   Under other operating systems (expected to
              be UNIX/Linux, including OS-X), the default is the value of  the
              system  environment  variable  TMPDIR  if  it  exists, otherwise
              "/tmp".

       $view ["default"]
              Which kind of file is to be previewed if a  previewer  is  used.
              The  possible  values  are  "default",  "dvi", "ps", "pdf".  The
              value of "default" means that the "highest" of the kinds of file
              generated is to be used (among dvi, ps and pdf).


CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In  any RC file a set of custom dependencies can be set up to convert a
       file with one extension to a file with another.  An example use of this
       would be to allow latexmk to convert a .fig file to .eps to be included
       in the .tex file.

       The old method of configuring latexmk was to  directly  manipulate  the
       @cus_dep_list  array  that  contains  information  defining  the custom
       dependencies.  This method still works.  But now there are  subroutines
       that  allow  convenient  manipulations  of  the custom dependency list.
       These are

           add_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension, must, subroutine )
           remove_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension )
           show_cus_dep()

       The custom dependency is a list of rules, each of which is specified as
       follow:

       from extension:
              The  extension  of the file we are converting from (e.g. "fig").
              It is specified without a period.

       to extension:
              The extension of the file we are converting to (e.g. "eps").  It
              is specified without a period.

       must:  If  non-zero,  the file from which we are converting must exist,
              if it doesn't exist latexmk will give an error message and  exit
              unless the -f option is specified.  If must is zero and the file
              we are converting from doesn't exist, then no action is taken.

       function:
              The name of the subroutine that latexmk should call  to  perform
              the  file  conversion.   The first argument to the subroutine is
              the base name of the file to be converted without any extension.
              The  subroutines  are declared in the syntax of Perl.  The func-
              tion should return 0 if it was successful and a  nonzero  number
              if it failed.

       It  is  invoked  whenever  latexmk detects that a run of latex/pdflatex
       needs to read a file, like a graphics file, whose extension is the  to-



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LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       extension of a custom dependency.  Then latexmk examines whether a file
       exists with the same name, but with the  corresponding  from-extension,
       as  specified in the custom-dependency rule.  If it does, then whenever
       the destination file (the one with  the  to-extension)  is  out-of-date
       with respect to the corresponding source file.

       To  make the new destination file, the Perl subroutine specified in the
       rule is invoked, with an argument that is the base name of the files in
       question.   Simple cases just involve a subroutine invoking an external
       program; this can be done by following the  templates  below,  even  by
       those  without  knowledge of the Perl programming language.  Of course,
       experts could do something much more elaborate.

       One other item in each custom-dependency  rule  labelled  "must"  above
       specifies  how the rule should be applied when the source file fails to
       exist.

       A simple and typical example of code in an initialization rcfile is

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system("fig2dev -Leps $_[0].fig $_[0].eps");
           }

       The first line adds a custom  dependency  that  converts  a  file  with
       extension  "fig",  as  created  by the xfig program, to an encapsulated
       postscript file, with extension "eps".  The remaining  lines  define  a
       subroutine  that  carries out the conversion.  If a rule for converting
       "fig" to "eps" files already exists (e.g., from  a  previously  read-in
       initialization  file),  the latexmk will delete this rule before making
       the new one.

       Suppose latexmk is using this rule to convert a  file  "figure.fig"  to
       "figure.eps".   Then  it  will invoke the fig2eps subroutine defined in
       the above code with a single argument "figure", which is  the  basename
       of  each  of the files (possibly with a path component).  This argument
       is referred to by Perl as $_[0].  In the example above, the  subroutine
       uses the Perl command system to invoke the program fig2dev.  The double
       quotes around the string are a Perl idiom that signify that each string
       of  the  form  of a variable name, $_[0] in this case, is to be substi-
       tuted by its value.

       If the return value of the subroutine is non-zero,  then  latexmk  will
       assume  an  error  occurred during the execution of the subroutine.  In
       the above example, no explicit return value is given, and  instead  the
       return  value  is  the value returned by the last (and only) statement,
       i.e., the invocation of system, which returns the value 0 on success.

       If you use filenames with spaces in them, and if your LaTeX system  and
       all  other  relevant software correctly handle such filenames, then you
       could put single quotes around filenames in the command  line  that  is
       executed:

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system("fig2dev -Lps '$_[0].fig' '$_[0].eps'");
           }



                                 10 April 2009                              25





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       This  causes the invocation of the fig2dev program to have quoted file-
       names; it should therefore work with filenames containing spaces.  How-
       ever,  not  all  software  deals  correctly with filenames that contain
       spaces.  Moreover, the  rules,  if  any,  for  quoting  filenames  vary
       between  operating  systems,  command  shells  and individual pieces of
       software, so this code may not always work.

       If you use pdflatex instead of latex, then you will probably prefer  to
       convert  your  graphics  files  to  pdf format, in which case you would
       replace the above code in an initialization file by

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'pdf, 0, 'fig2pdf' );
           sub fig2pdf {
               system("fig2dev -Lpdf $_[0].fig $_[0].pdf");
           }

       If you have some general custom dependencies defined in the  system  or
       user  initialization  file,  you may find that for a particular project
       they are undesirable.  So you might want to delete the  unneeded  ones.
       For example, you remove any "fig" to "eps" rule by the line

           remove_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps' );

       If  you  have  complicated sets of custom dependencies, you may want to
       get a listing of the custom dependencies.  This is done  by  using  the
       line

           show_cus_dep();

       in an initialization file.

       Another  example  of  a  custom  dependency  overcomes  a limitation of
       latexmk concerning index files.  The only index-file conversion  built-
       in to latexmk is from an ".idx" file written on one run of latex/pdfla-
       tex to an ".ind" file to be read in on a subsequent run.  But with  the
       index.sty package you can create extra indexes with extensions that you
       configure.  Latexmk does not know how to deduce the extensions from the
       information it has.  But you can easily write a custom dependency.  For
       example  if  your  latex  file   uses   the   command   "\newindex{spe-
       cial}{ndx}{nnd}{Special index}" you will need to convert files with the
       extension .ndx to .nnd.  The following lines in  an  initialization  RC
       file will cause this to happen:

           add_cus_dep('ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'makendx2nnd');
           sub makendx2nnd {
               system("makeindex -o $_[0].nnd $_[0].ndx");
           }

       (You  will need to modify this code if you use filenames with spaces in
       them, to provide correct quoting of the filenames.)

       Those of you with experience with Makefiles, will undoubtedly  be  con-
       cerned that the .ndx file is written during a run of latex/pdflatex and
       is always later than the .nnd last read in.  Thus the .nnd  appears  to
       be  perpetually out-of-date.  This situation, of circular dependencies,
       is endemic to latex, and latexmk in its current version works correctly
       with  circular dependencies.  It examines the contents of the files (by



                                 10 April 2009                              26





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       use of an md5 checksum), and only does a remake when the file  contents
       have actually changed.

       Of  course  if you choose to write random data to the .nnd (or and .aux
       file, etc) that changes on each new run, then you will have a  problem.
       For  real experts: See the %hash_cal_ignore_pattern if you have to deal
       with such problems.

       Glossaries can be dealt with similarly.


OLD METHOD OF DEFINING CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In previous versions of latexmk, the only  method  of  defining  custom
       dependencies  was  to directly manipulate the table of custom dependen-
       cies.  This is contained in the @cus_dep_list array.  It is an array of
       strings,  and each string in the array has four items in it, each sepa-
       rated by a space, the  from-extension,  the  to-extension,  the  "must"
       item,  and the name of the subroutine for the custom dependency.  These
       were all defined above.

       An example of the old method of defining custom dependencies is as fol-
       lows.  It  is  the code in an RC file to ensure automatic conversion of
       .fig files to .eps files:

           push @cus_dep_list, "fig eps 0 fig2eps";
           sub fig2eps {
               system("fig2dev -Lps $_[0].fig $_[0].eps");
           }

       This method still works, and is equivalent to the  earlier  code  using
       the  add_cus_dep subroutine, except that it doesn't delete any previous
       custom-dependency for the  same  conversion.   So  the  new  method  is
       preferable.


SEE ALSO
       latex(1), bibtex(1).

BUGS
       Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file after
       its creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work  around:
       manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other preview-
       ers and update methods.

       (The following isn't really a bug, but concerns  features  of  preview-
       ers.)   Preview  continuous mode only works perfectly with certain pre-
       viewers: Xdvi on UNIX/LINUX works for  dvi  files.   Gv  on  UNIX/LINUX
       works  for  both  postscript  and pdf.  Ghostview on UNIX/LINUX needs a
       manual update (reopen); it views postscript and pdf.  Gsview under  MS-
       Windows  works  for both postscript and pdf, but only reads the updated
       file when its screen is refreshed.   Acroread  under  UNIX/LINUX  views
       pdf,  but  the  file needs to be closed and reopened to view an updated
       version.  Under MS-Windows, acroread locks its input file  and  so  the
       pdf  file  cannot be updated.  (Remedy: configure latexmk to use gsview
       instead.)

THANKS TO
       Authors of previous versions.  Many  users  with  their  feedback,  and
       especially  David  Coppit  (username david at node coppit.org) who made



                                 10 April 2009                              27





LATEXMK(1L)                                                        LATEXMK(1L)


       many useful suggestions that contributed  to  version  3,  and  Herbert
       Schulz.   (Please  note  that  the  e-mail addresses are not written in
       their standard form to avoid being harvested by worms and viruses.)

AUTHOR
       Current  version,  by  John   Collins   (username   collins   at   node
       phys.psu.edu).  (Version 4.05).

       Released  version  can  be obtained from CTAN: <http://www.tug.org/tex-
       archive/support/latexmk/>,    and    from    the    author's    website
       <http://www.phys.psu.edu/~collins/software/latexmk/>.
       Modifications and enhancements by Evan McLean (Version 2.0)
       Original script called "go" by David J. Musliner (RCS Version 3.2)

















































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