summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/latexmk.txt
blob: 5bf1c69056c793e3318bd18a54f527bd92410e6e (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026



LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


NAME
       latexmk - generate LaTeX document

SYNOPSIS
       latexmk [options] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
       Latexmk completely automates the process of compiling a LaTeX document.
       Essentially, it is like a specialized  relative  of  the  general  make
       utility,  but  one  which determines dependencies automatically and has
       some other very useful  features.   In  its  basic  mode  of  operation
       latexmk  is  given  the name of the primary source file for a document,
       and it issues the appropriate sequence of commands to generate a  .dvi,
       .ps, .pdf and/or hardcopy version of the document.

       By  default  latexmk will run the commands necessary to generate a .dvi
       file.

       Latexmk can also be set to run continuously with a suitable  previewer.
       In  that  case  the  latex  program (or one of its relatives), etc, are
       rerun whenever one of the source files is modified, and  the  previewer
       automatically updates the on-screen view of the compiled document.

       Latexmk  determines  which  are  the  source files by examining the log
       file.  (Optionally, it also examines the list of input and output files
       generated  by  the  -recorder  option  of modern versions of latex (and
       pdflatex, xelatex, lualatex,  etc).   See  the  documentation  for  the
       -recorder  option  of latexmk below.)  When latexmk is run, it examines
       properties of the source files, and if any have been changed since  the
       last document generation, latexmk will run the various LaTeX processing
       programs as necessary.  In particular, it will repeat the run of  latex
       (or  a  related program)) often enough to resolve all cross references;
       depending on the macro packages used.  With  some  macro  packages  and
       document classes, four, or even more, runs may be needed. If necessary,
       latexmk will also run bibtex, biber, and/or  makeindex.   In  addition,
       latexmk can be configured to generate other necessary files.  For exam-
       ple, from an updated figure file it can automatically generate  a  file
       in  encapsulated  postscript  or another suitable format for reading by
       LaTeX.

       Latexmk has two different previewing  options.   With  the  simple  -pv
       option,  a  dvi, postscript or pdf previewer is automatically run after
       generating the dvi, postscript or pdf version  of  the  document.   The
       type  of  file  to view is selected according to configuration settings
       and command line options.

       The second previewing option is the  powerful  -pvc  option  (mnemonic:
       "preview continuously").  In this case, latexmk runs continuously, reg-
       ularly monitoring all the source files to  see  if  any  have  changed.
       Every  time  a change is detected, latexmk runs all the programs neces-
       sary to generate a new version of the document.  A good previewer  will
       then automatically update its display.  Thus the user can simply edit a
       file and, when the changes are  written  to  disk,  latexmk  completely
       automates  the  cycle  of  updating  the .dvi (and/or the .ps and .pdf)



                                  25 May 2018                                1





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       file, and refreshing the previewer's display.  It's not quite  WYSIWYG,
       but usefully close.

       For  other previewers, the user may have to manually make the previewer
       update its display, which can be (e.g., with some versions of xdvi  and
       gsview) as simple as forcing a redraw of its display.

       Latexmk  has  the  ability  to print a banner in gray diagonally across
       each page when making the postscript file.  It  can  also,  if  needed,
       call  an  external  program to do other postprocessing on generated dvi
       and postscript files.  (See the options -dF and -pF, and the documenta-
       tion  for  the  $dvi_filter  and  $ps_filter  configuration variables.)
       These capabilities are leftover from older versions of  latexmk.   More
       flexibility  can  be  obtained  in  current versions, since the command
       strings for running latex, pdflatex, etc can now be configured  to  run
       multiple commands.  This also extends the possibility of postprocessing
       generated files.

       Latexmk is highly configurable, both from the command line and in  con-
       figuration  files,  so  that  it can accommodate a wide variety of user
       needs and system configurations.  Default values are set  according  to
       the operating system, so latexmk often works without special configura-
       tion on MS-Windows, cygwin, Linux, OS-X, and other UNIX systems.

       A very annoying complication handled very reliably by latexmk, is  that
       LaTeX  is a multiple pass system.  On each run, LaTeX reads in informa-
       tion generated on a previous run, for things like cross referencing and
       indexing.   In  the simplest cases, a second run of LaTeX suffices, and
       often the log file contains a message about the need for another  pass.
       However,  there  is  a  wide variety of add-on macro packages to LaTeX,
       with a variety of behaviors.  The  result  is  to  break  simple-minded
       determinations  of  how  many  runs  are  needed and of which programs.
       Latexmk has a highly general and efficient solution  to  these  issues.
       The  solution involves retaining between runs information on the source
       files, and a symptom is that latexmk  generates  an  extra  file  (with
       extension  .fdb_latexmk,  by  default)  that  contains  the source file
       information.


LATEXMK OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS ON COMMAND LINE
       In general the command line to invoke latexmk has the form

            latexmk [options] [file]

       All options can be introduced by single or double "-" characters, e.g.,
       "latexmk -help" or "latexmk --help".

       Note  1:  In  addition to the options in the list below, latexmk recog-
       nizes almost all the options recognized by the latex, pdflatex programs
       (and  their  relatives) in their current TeXLive and MiKTeX implementa-
       tions.  Some of the options for these  programs  also  trigger  special
       action  or behavior by latexmk, in which case they have specific expla-
       nations in this document.  Otherwise, they are just passed through to a
       called    latex   or   pdflatex   program.   Run   latexmk   with   the



                                  25 May 2018                                2





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -showextraoptions to get a list of the options that latexmk accepts and
       that  are  simply  passed through to latex or pdflatex (etc).  See also
       the explanation of the -showextraoptions option for more information.

       Note 2: In this documentation, the program pdflatex is  often  referred
       to.   Users of programs like lualatex and xelatex should know that from
       latexmk's point of view, these other programs behave very  like  pdfla-
       tex,  i.e.,  they  make  a  pdf file from a tex file, etc.  So whenever
       pdflatex is mentioned without mention of the other programs, the state-
       ments  apply  equally  to lualatex, xelatex, and any other similar pro-
       grams.  Latexmk can be easily configured to use whichever of these pro-
       grams  is  needed.   See  the  documentation for the following options:
       -pdflua, -pdfxe, -lualatex, and -xelatex, and also see  the  documenta-
       tion  for  the  $pdflatex,  $lualatex, and $xelatex configuration vari-
       ables.  At present latexmk does not do  automatic  detection  of  which
       program is to be used.


       Definitions of options and arguments


       file   One  or more files can be specified.  If no files are specified,
              latexmk will, by default, run on all files in the current  work-
              ing  directory  with  a  ".tex" extension.  This behavior can be
              changed: see the description concerning the @default_files vari-
              able  in  the section "List of configuration variables usable in
              initialization files".

              If a file is specified without an  extension,  then  the  ".tex"
              extension  is automatically added, just as LaTeX does.  Thus, if
              you specify:

                   latexmk foo

              then latexmk will operate on the file "foo.tex".


       -auxdir=FOO or -aux-directory=FOO
              Sets the directory for  auxiliary  output  files  of  (pdf)latex
              (.aux,  .log  etc).  This achieves its effect by the -aux-direc-
              tory option of (pdf)latex, which currently is  only  implemented
              on the MiKTeX version of (pdf)latex.

              See   also   the   -outdir/-output-directory  options,  and  the
              $aux_dir,  $out_dir,  and  $search_path_separator  configuration
              variables  of  latexmk.  In particular, see the documentation of
              $out_dir for some complications  on  what  directory  names  are
              suitable.

              If you also use the -cd option, and the specified auxiliary out-
              put directory is a relative path, then the path  is  interpreted
              relative to the document directory.





                                  25 May 2018                                3





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -bibtex
              When the source file uses bbl files for bibliography, run bibtex
              or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 2 in a configuration file.


       -bibtex-
              Never  run  bibtex  or  biber.  Also, always treat .bbl files as
              precious, i.e., do not delete them in a cleanup operation.

              A common use for this option is when a document  comes  from  an
              external  source,  complete  with  its bbl file(s), and the user
              does not have the corresponding bib files  available.   In  this
              situation  use  of the -bibtex- option will prevent latexmk from
              trying to run bibtex or biber, which would result in overwriting
              of the bbl files.

              This  property can also be configured by setting the $bibtex_use
              variable to 0 in a configuration file.


       -bibtex-cond
              When the source file uses bbl file(s) for the bibliography,  run
              bibtex  or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files, but only
              if the relevant bib file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib files  are
              not  available,  bibtex  or  biber  is not run, thereby avoiding
              overwriting of the bbl file(s).  Also, always treat  .bbl  files
              as precious, i.e., do not delete them in a cleanup operation.

              This  is the default setting.  It can also be configured by set-
              ting the $bibtex_use variable to 1 in a configuration file.

              The reason for using this setting is that sometimes a .bbl  file
              is available containing the bibliography for a document, but the
              .bib file is not available.  An example would be  for  a  scien-
              tific  journal where authors submit .tex and .bbl files, but not
              the original .bib file.  In that case, running bibtex  or  biber
              would  not  work,  and the .bbl file should be treated as a user
              source file, and not as  a  file  that  can  be  regenerated  on
              demand.

              (Note  that  it  is  possible for latexmk to decide that the bib
              file does not exist, even though the bib  file  does  exist  and
              bibtex  or biber finds it.  The problem is that the bib file may
              not be in the current directory but in  some  search  path;  the
              places latexmk and bibtex or biber cause to be searched need not
              be identical.  On modern installations of TeX and  related  pro-
              grams  this  problem  should  not  arise, since latexmk uses the
              kpsewhich program to do the search, and kpsewhich should use the
              same  search  path as bibtex and biber.  If this problem arises,
              use the -bibtex option when invoking latexmk.)




                                  25 May 2018                                4





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -bibtex-cond1
              The same as  -bibtex-cond1  except  that  .bbl  files  are  only
              treated as precious if one or more bibfiles fails to exist.

              Thus  if all the bib files exist, bibtex or biber is run to gen-
              erate .bbl files as needed, and then it is appropriate to delete
              the bbl files in a cleanup operation since they can be re-gener-
              ated.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 1.5 in a configuration file.


       -bm <message>
              A  banner message to print diagonally across each page when con-
              verting the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a  sin-
              gle argument on the command line so be careful with quoting spa-
              ces and such.

              Note that if the -bm option is  specified,  the  -ps  option  is
              assumed.


       -bi <intensity>
              How  dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number between
              0 and 1.  0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which
              is OK unless your toner cartridge is getting low.


       -bs <scale>
              A  decimal  number  that  specifies how large the banner message
              will be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the  right
              scale  for  your message, as a rule of thumb the scale should be
              about equal to 1100 divided by the number of characters  in  the
              message.  The default is 220.0 which is just right for 5 charac-
              ter messages.


       -commands
              List the commands used by latexmk for processing files, and then
              exit.


       -c     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber except dvi, postscript and pdf.  These files are
              a  combination  of log files, aux files, latexmk's database file
              of source file information, and those with extensions  specified
              in  the  @generated_exts  configuration  variable.  In addition,
              files specified by the  $clean_ext  configuration  variable  are
              removed.

              This  cleanup  is instead of a regular make.  See the -gg option
              if you want to do a cleanup then a make.




                                  25 May 2018                                5





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Treatment of .bbl files:  If $bibtex_use is set to 0 or  1,  bbl
              files  are  always treated as non-regeneratable.  If $bibtex_use
              is set to 1.5, bbl files are counted as non-regeneratable condi-
              tionally:  If the bib file exists, then bbl files are regenerat-
              able, and are deleted in a clean up.  But if $bibtex_use is  1.5
              and  a bib file doesn't exist, then the bbl files are treated as
              non-regeneratable and hence are not deleted.

              In contrast, if $bibtex_use is set to 2, bbl  files  are  always
              treated as regeneratable, and are deleted in a cleanup.

              Treatment   of   files   generated   by  custom  dependencies:If
              $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated  is  nonzero,   regeneratable
              files  are  considered  as  including  those generated by custom
              dependencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise  these  files  are
              not deleted.


       -C     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber.  This is the same as the  -c  option  with  the
              addition  of  dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those specified
              in the $clean_full_ext configuration variable.

              This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the  -gg  option
              if you want to do a cleanup than a make.

              See  the  -c option for the specification of whether or not .bbl
              files are treated as non-regeneratable or regeneratable.

              If $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero,  regeneratable
              files  are  considered  as  including  those generated by custom
              dependencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise  these  files  are
              not deleted.


       -CA    (Obsolete).   Now  equivalent to the -C option.  See that option
              for details.


       -cd    Change to the directory containing the main source  file  before
              processing  it.   Then  all  the generated files (aux, log, dvi,
              pdf, etc) will be relative to the source file.

              This option is particularly useful when latexmk is invoked  from
              a  GUI configured to invoke latexmk with a full pathname for the
              source file.


       -cd-   Do NOT change to the directory containing the main  source  file
              before  processing  it.  Then all the generated files (aux, log,
              dvi, pdf, etc) will be relative to the current directory  rather
              than the source file.

              This  is the default behavior and corresponds to the behavior of



                                  25 May 2018                                6





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              the latex and pdflatex programs.  However, it is  not  desirable
              behavior  when  latexmk is invoked by a GUI configured to invoke
              latexmk with a full pathname for the source file.  See  the  -cd
              option.


       -CF    Remove  the file containing the database of source file informa-
              tion, before doing the other actions requested.


       -d     Set draft mode.  This prints the banner message  "DRAFT"  across
              your  page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size and
              intensity can be modified with the -bs and -bi options.  The -bm
              option  will override this option as this is really just a short
              way of specifying:

                   latexmk -bm DRAFT

              Note that if the -d option  is  specified,  the  -ps  option  is
              assumed.


       -deps  Show a list of dependent files after processing.  This is in the
              form of a dependency list of the form used by the make  program,
              and it is therefore suitable for use in a Makefile.  It gives an
              overall view of the files without listing intermediate files, as
              well as latexmk can determine them.

              By  default the list of dependent files is sent to stdout (i.e.,
              normally to the screen unless you've redirected  latexmk's  out-
              put). But you can set the filename where the list is sent by the
              -deps-out= option.

              See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for an example of  how
              to use a dependency list with make.

              Users  familiar  with  GNU  automake  and gcc will find that the
              -deps option is very similar in its purpose and results  to  the
              -M  option  to gcc.  (In fact, latexmk also has options -M, -MF,
              and -MP options that behave like those of gcc.)


       -dependents
              Equivalent to -deps.


       -deps- Do not show a list of dependent files after  processing.   (This
              is the default.)


       -dependents-
              Equivalent to -deps-.





                                  25 May 2018                                7





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -deps-out=FILENAME
              Set  the  filename to which the list of dependent files is writ-
              ten.  If the FILENAME argument is omitted or set  to  "-",  then
              the output is sent to stdout.

              Use  of  this  option  also  turns  on the output of the list of
              dependent files after processing.


       -dF    Dvi file filtering.  The argument to this  option  is  a  filter
              which  will  generate  a  filtered  dvi  file with the extension
              ".dviF".  All extra processing (e.g. conversion  to  postscript,
              preview,  printing)  will then be performed on this filtered dvi
              file.

              Example usage: To use dviselect to select only the even pages of
              the dvi file:

                   latexmk -dF "dviselect even" foo.tex


       -diagnostics
              Print  detailed  diagnostics  during  a  run.  This may help for
              debugging problems or to understand latexmk's behavior in diffi-
              cult situations.


       -dvi   Generate dvi version of document.


       -dvi-  Turn  off  generation of dvi version of document.  (This may get
              overridden, if some other file is made (e.g., a .ps  file)  that
              is  generated  from the dvi file, or if no generated file at all
              is requested.)


       -e <code>
              Execute the specified  initialization  code  before  processing.
              The  code  is Perl code of the same form as is used in latexmk's
              initialization files.  For more details, see the information  on
              the  -r option, and the section about "Configuration/initializa-
              tion (RC) files".  The code is typically a sequence  of  assign-
              ment statements separated by semicolons.

              The  code  is  executed when the -e option is encountered during
              latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -r option for  a
              way  of  executing  initialization  code  from a file.  An error
              results in latexmk stopping.  Multiple instances of the  -r  and
              -e  options can be used, and they are executed in the order they
              appear on the command line.

              Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special char-
              acters  in  the  code on the command line.  For example, suppose
              you want to set the  latex  command  to  use  its  -shell-escape



                                  25 May 2018                                8





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              option, then under UNIX/Linux you could use the line

                   latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex

              Note  that  the  single  quotes  block normal UNIX/Linux command
              shells from treating the characters inside the  quotes  as  spe-
              cial.   (In  this  example, the q/.../ construct is a Perl idiom
              equivalent to using single quotes.  This  avoids  the  complica-
              tions  of  getting  a  quote  character inside an already quoted
              string in a way that is independent of both the  shell  and  the
              operating-system.)

              The  above  command  line  will  NOT  work under MS-Windows with
              cmd.exe or command.com or 4nt.exe.  For  MS-Windows  with  these
              command shells you could use

                   latexmk -e "$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/" file.tex

              or

                   latexmk -e "$latex='latex %O -shell-escape %S'" file.tex

              The  last  two  examples  will  NOT work with UNIX/Linux command
              shells.

              (Note: the above examples show are to show how to use the -e  to
              specify  initialization code to be executed.  But the particular
              effect can be achieved also by the use of the -latex option with
              less problems in dealing with quoting.)


       -f     Force  latexmk  to  continue document processing despite errors.
              Normally, when latexmk detects that LaTeX or another program has
              found an error which will not be resolved by further processing,
              no further processing is carried out.

              Note: "Further processing" means the running of  other  programs
              or  the rerunning of latex (etc) that would be done if no errors
              had occurred.  If instead, or additionally, you want  the  latex
              (etc)  program  not  to pause for user input after an error, you
              should arrange this by an option that is passed to the  program,
              e.g., by latexmk's option -interaction=nonstopmode.


       -f-    Turn off the forced processing-past-errors such as is set by the
              -f option.  This could be used to override a setting in  a  con-
              figuration file.


       -g     Force  latexmk  to process document fully, even under situations
              where latexmk would normally  decide  that  no  changes  in  the
              source  files have occurred since the previous run.  This option
              is useful, for example, if you change some options and  wish  to
              reprocess the files.



                                  25 May 2018                                9





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -g-    Turn off -g.


       -gg    "Super go mode" or "clean make": clean out generated files as if
              -C had been given, and then do a regular make.


       -h, -help
              Print help information.


       -jobname=STRING
              Set the basename of output files(s) to STRING,  instead  of  the
              default, which is the basename of the specified TeX file.

              This  is like the same option for current implementations of the
              latex, pdflatex, etc, and the passing of this  option  to  these
              programs is part of latexmk's implementation of -jobname.


       -l     Run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode for the preview-
              ers and the dvi to postscript converters.  This  option  is  not
              normally  needed  nowadays,  since  current  previewers normally
              determine this information automatically.


       -l-    Turn off -l.


       -latex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run latex, and is
              typically  used  to  add desired options.  Since the string nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latexmk -latex="latex --shell-escape %O %S"  foo.tex

              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
              for  the $latex configuration variable.  Depending on your oper-
              ating system and the command-line shell you are using,  you  may
              need  to change the single quotes to double quotes (or something
              else).

              To set the command for running pdflatex (rather than the command
              for latex) see the -pdflatex option.


       -logfilewarninglist
              -logfilewarnings After a run of (pdf)latex, give a list of warn-
              ings about undefined citations  and  references  (unless  silent
              mode is on).

              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.





                                  25 May 2018                               10





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -logfilewarninglist-
              -logfilewarnings-  After a run of (pdf)latex, do not give a list
              of warnings about undefined citations and references.  (Default)

              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.


       -lualatex
              Use lualatex.  That is,  use  lualatex  to  process  the  source
              file(s)  to  pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript files is
              turned off.

              This option is equivalent to using the following set of options

                   -pdflua -dvi- -ps-

              (Note: Note that the method of implementation  of  this  option,
              but  not  its intended effect, differ from some earlier versions
              of latexmk.)


       -M     Show list of dependent files after processing.  This is  equiva-
              lent to the -deps option.


       -MF file
              If  a  list of dependents is made, the -MF specifies the file to
              write it to.


       -MP    If a list of dependents is made, include a phony target for each
              source  file.  If you use the dependents list in a Makefile, the
              dummy rules work around errors the program  make  gives  if  you
              remove header files without updating the Makefile to match.


       -new-viewer
              When  in  continuous-preview  mode, always start a new viewer to
              view the generated file.  By default, latexmk will, in  continu-
              ous-preview  mode,  test  for a previously running previewer for
              the same file and not start a new one if a previous previewer is
              running.  However, its test sometimes fails (notably if there is
              an already-running previewer that is viewing a file of the  same
              name  as  the current file, but in a different directory).  This
              option turns off the default behavior.


       -new-viewer-
              The inverse of the -new-viewer option.  It puts latexmk  in  its
              normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for an
              already-running previewer.






                                  25 May 2018                               11





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -nobibtex
              Never run bibtex or biber.  Equivalent to the -bibtex- option.


       -norc  Turn off the automatic reading of initialization (rc) files.

              N.B. Normally the initialization files are read and obeyed,  and
              then  command  line  options  are  obeyed  in the order they are
              encountered.  But -norc is an exception  to  this  rule:  it  is
              acted on first, no matter where it occurs on the command line.


       -outdir=FOO or -output-directory=FOO

              Sets  the  directory  for  the output files of (pdf)latex.  This
              achieves  its  effect  by  the   -output-directory   option   of
              (pdf)latex, which currently (Dec. 2011 and later) is implemented
              on the common versions of (pdf)latex, i.e., MiKTeX and  TeXLive.
              It may not be present in other versions.

              See  also  the -auxdir/-aux-directory options, and the $aux_dir,
              $out_dir, and $search_path_separator configuration variables  of
              latexmk.   In  particular, see the documentation of $out_dir for
              some complications on what directory names are suitable.

              If you also use the -cd option, and the specified output  direc-
              tory  is  a relative path, then the path is interpreted relative
              to the document directory.


       -p     Print out the document.  By default the file to  be  printed  is
              the  first  in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is being made.
              But you can use the -print=... option to change the type of file
              to be printed, and you can configure this in a start up file (by
              setting the $print_type variable).

              However, printing is enabled by default  only  under  UNIX/Linux
              systems, where the default is to use the lpr command and only on
              postscript files.  In general, the correct behavior for printing
              very  much  depends  on  your system's software.  In particular,
              under MS-Windows you must have  suitable  program(s)  available,
              and you must have configured the print commands used by latexmk.
              This can be non-trivial.  See the  documentation  on  the  $lpr,
              $lpr_dvi, and $lpr_pdf configuration variables to see how to set
              the commands for printing.

              This option is incompatible with the -pv and -pvc options, so it
              turns them off.


       -pdf   Generate  pdf  version of document using pdflatex.  (If you wish
              to use lualatex or xelatex, you can use whichever of the options
              -pdflua,  -pdfxe,  -lualatex or -xelatex applies.)  To configure
              latexmk to have such behavior by default,  see  the  section  on



                                  25 May 2018                               12





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              "Configuration/initialization (rc) files".


       -pdfdvi
              Generate  pdf  version of document from the dvi file, by default
              using dvipdf.


       -pdflua
              Generate pdf version of document using lualatex.


       -pdfps Generate pdf version of document from the ps  file,  by  default
              using ps2pdf.


       -pdfxe Generate  pdf  version  of document using xelatex.  Note that to
              optimize processing time, latexmk uses xelatex  to  generate  an
              xdv  file  rather than a pdf file directly.  Only after possibly
              multiple runs to generate a fully up-to-date  xdv  does  latexmk
              then call xdvipdfmx to generate the final pdf file.

              (Note:  When  the  document includes large graphics files, espe-
              cially png files, the last step can  be  quite  time  consuming,
              even  when  the creation of the xdv file by xelatex is fast.  So
              the use of the intermediate xdv file can result  in  substantial
              gains  in  procesing  time,  since the pdf file is produced once
              rather than on every run of xelatex.)


       -pdf-  Turn off generation of pdf version of document.   (This  can  be
              used  to override a setting in a configuration file.  It may get
              overridden if some other option requires the generation of a pdf
              file.)

              If  after  all  options  have  been processed, pdf generation is
              still turned off, then generation of a dvi file will  be  turned
              on,  and  then  the  program used to compiled a document will be
              latex (or, more precisely, whatever program is configured to  be
              used in the $latex configuration variable).


       -pdflatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run pdflatex, and
              is typically used to add desired options.  Since the string nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latexmk  -pdf  -pdflatex="pdflatex  --shell-escape  %O  %S"
              foo.tex

              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
              for  the  $pdflatex  configuration  variable.  Depending on your
              operating system and the command-line shell you are  using,  you
              may  need  to  change  the  single  quotes  to double quotes (or



                                  25 May 2018                               13





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              something else).

              To set the command for running latex (rather  than  the  command
              for pdflatex) see the -latex option.


       -print=dvi, -print=ps, -print=pdf, -print=auto,
              Define  which kind of file is printed.  This option also ensures
              that the requisite file is made, and turns on printing.

              The (default) case -print=auto determines the kind of print file
              automatically  from  the  set  of files that is being made.  The
              first in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is among  the  files
              to be made is the one used for print out.


       -ps    Generate postscript version of document.


       -ps-   Turn off generation of postscript version of document.  This can
              be used to override a setting in a configuration file.  (It  may
              get  overridden  by some other option that requires a postscript
              file, for example a request for printing.)


       -pF    Postscript file filtering.  The argument to  this  option  is  a
              filter  which  will generate a filtered postscript file with the
              extension ".psF".  All extra processing (e.g. preview, printing)
              will then be performed on this filtered postscript file.

              Example of usage: Use psnup to print two pages on the one page:

                   latexmk -ps -pF 'psnup -2' foo.tex

              or

                   latexmk -ps -pF "psnup -2" foo.tex

              Whether to use single or double quotes round the "psnup -2" will
              depend on your command interpreter, as used  by  the  particular
              version of perl and the operating system on your computer.


       -pv    Run  file  previewer.   If  the  -view option is used, this will
              select the kind of file to be previewed (dvi, ps or pdf).   Oth-
              erwise  the viewer views the "highest" kind of file selected, by
              the -dvi, -ps, -pdf, -pdfps options, in the order dvi,  ps,  pdf
              (low  to high).  If no file type has been selected, the dvi pre-
              viewer will be used.  This option is incompatible  with  the  -p
              and -pvc options, so it turns them off.


       -pv-   Turn off -pv.




                                  25 May 2018                               14





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -pvc   Run  a  file  previewer  and  continually  update the .dvi, .ps,
              and/or .pdf files whenever changes are made to source files (see
              the  Description  above).  Which of these files is generated and
              which is viewed is governed by the other  options,  and  is  the
              same  as for the -pv option.  The preview-continuous option -pvc
              can only work with one file.  So in this case you will  normally
              only  specify  one  filename  on  the  command line.  It is also
              incompatible with the -p and -pv  options,  so  it  turns  these
              options off.

              The  -pvc  option also turns off force mode (-f), as is normally
              best for continuous preview mode.   If  you  really  want  force
              mode, use the options in the order -pvc -f.

              With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
              (Under some but not all versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch"  does
              this  for  postscript  files; this can be set by a configuration
              variable.  This would also work for  pdf  files  except  for  an
              apparent  bug  in gv that causes an error when the newly updated
              pdf file is read.)  Many other previewers  will  need  a  manual
              update.

              Important note: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf
              file, and prevents new versions being written, so it  is  a  bad
              idea  to  use  acroread  to view pdf files in preview-continuous
              mode.  It is better to use a different  viewer:  SumatraPDF  and
              gsview are good possibilities.

              There  are  some  other methods for arranging an update, notably
              useful for many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are  best  set
              in latexmk's configuration; see below.

              Note  that  if  latexmk  dies  or  is  stopped  by the user, the
              "forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations
              with  the  -pvc option will not fork new previewers, but latexmk
              will normally use the existing previewer.  (At least  this  will
              happen  when  latexmk is running under an operating system where
              it knows how to determine whether an existing previewer is  run-
              ning.)


       -pvc-  Turn off -pvc.


       -pvctimeout
              Do  timeout  in pvc mode after period of inactivity, which is 30
              min. by default.  Inactivity means a  period  when  latexmk  has
              detected  no  file  changes  and hence has not taken any actions
              like compiling the document.


       -pvctimeout-
              Don't do timeout in pvc mode after inactivity.




                                  25 May 2018                               15





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -pvctimeoutmins=<time>
              Set period of inactivity in minutes for pvc timeout.


       -quiet Same as -silent


       -r <rcfile>
              Read the specified initialization file ("RC file")  before  pro-
              cessing.

              Be careful about the ordering: (1) Standard initialization files
              -- see the section below on  "Configuration/initialization  (RC)
              files"  --  are read first.  (2) Then the options on the command
              line are acted on in the order they are given.  Therefore if  an
              initialization  file  is  specified by the -r option, it is read
              during this second step.  Thus an initialization file  specified
              with the -r option can override both the standard initialization
              files and previously specified options.  But all of these can be
              overridden by later options.

              The contents of the RC file just comprise a piece of code in the
              Perl programming language (typically a  sequence  of  assignment
              statements); they are executed when the -r option is encountered
              during latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -e option
              for  a  way  of giving initialization code directly on latexmk's
              command line.  An error results in latexmk  stopping.   Multiple
              instances  of  the  -r  and -e options can be used, and they are
              executed in the order they appear on the command line.


       -recorder
              Give the -recorder option with latex and  pdflatex.   In  (most)
              modern  versions  of  these  programs, this results in a file of
              extension .fls containing a list of the files  that  these  pro-
              grams have read and written.  Latexmk will then use this file to
              improve its detection of source files and generated files  after
              a  run  of  latex  or  pdflatex.  This is the default setting of
              latexmk, unless overridden in an initialization file.

              For further information, see the documentation for the $recorder
              configuration variable.


       -recorder-
              Do not supply the -recorder option with latex and pdflatex.


       -rules Show a list of latemk's rules and dependencies after processing.


       -rules-
              Do  not  show  a  list of latexmk's rules and dependencies after
              processing.  (This is the default.)



                                  25 May 2018                               16





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -showextraoptions
              Show the list of extra latex and pdflatex options  that  latexmk
              recognizes,  but  that  it simply passes through to the programs
              latex, pdflatex, etc  when they  are  run.   These  options  are
              (currently)  a  combination  of those allowed by the TeXLive and
              MiKTeX implementations.  (If a particular  option  is  given  to
              latexmk  but  is not handled by the particular implementation of
              latex or pdflatex that is being used, that program will probably
              give  an  error  message.)  These options are very numerous, but
              are not listed in this documentation because they have no effect
              on latexmk's actions.

              There  are  a  few  options (-includedirectory=dir, -initialize,
              -ini) that are not recognized, either  because  they  don't  fit
              with latexmk's intended operations, or because they need special
              processing by latexmk that  isn't  implemented  (at  least,  not
              yet).

              There  are  also  options  that  are  accepted by latex etc, but
              instead trigger actions by latexmk: -help, -version.

              Finally, there are certain options for latex and pdflatex (e.g.,
              -recorder)  that  trigger special actions or behavior by latexmk
              itself as well as being passed in some form to the called  latex
              and  pdflatex  program,  or  that affect other programs as well.
              These options do have  entries  in  this  documentation.   These
              options are: -jobname=STRING, -aux-directory=dir, -output-direc-
              tory=DIR, -quiet, and -recorder.


       -silent
              Run commands silently, i.e., with options that reduce the amount
              of  diagnostics  generated.   For example, with the default set-
              tings, the command "latex -interaction=batchmode"  is  used  for
              (pdf)latex and friends.

              See   also   the  -logfilewarninglist  and  -logfilewarninglist-
              options.

              Also reduce the number of informational  messages  that  latexmk
              itself generates.

              To  change  the  options used to make the commands run silently,
              you need to configure latexmk with changed values of its config-
              uration    variables,    the    relevant    ones   being   $bib-
              tex_silent_switch, $biber_silent_switch,  $dvipdf_silent_switch,
              $dvips_silent_switch,        $latex_silent_switch,       $luala-
              tex_silent_switch       $makeindex_silent_switch,        $pdfla-
              tex_silent_switch, and $xelatex_silent_switch


       -time  Show  CPU  time  used.   See  also  the  configuration  variable
              $show_time.




                                  25 May 2018                               17





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       -time- Do not show CPU time used.  See also the configuration  variable
              $show_time.


       -use-make
              When  after a run of latex or pdflatex, there are warnings about
              missing files (e.g., as requested by the LaTeX \input, \include,
              and  \includgraphics  commands), latexmk tries to make them by a
              custom dependency. If no  relevant  custom  dependency  with  an
              appropriate source file is found, and if the -use-make option is
              set, then as a last resort latexmk will try to use the make pro-
              gram to try to make the missing files.

              Note  that  the  filename may be specified without an extension,
              e.g., by \includegraphics{drawing} in a  LaTeX  file.   In  that
              case,  latexmk  will try making drawing.ext with ext set in turn
              to the possible extensions that are relevant for  latex  (or  as
              appropriate pdflatex).

              See  also  the documentation for the $use_make_for_missing_files
              configuration variable.


       -use-make-
              Do not use the make  program  to  try  to  make  missing  files.
              (Default.)


       -v, -version
              Print version number of latexmk.


       -verbose
              Opposite of -silent.  This is the default setting.


       -view=default, -view=dvi, -view=ps, -view=pdf, -view=none
              Set the kind of file used when previewing is requested (e.g., by
              the -pv or -pvc switches).  The default is to view the "highest"
              kind of requested file (in the low-to-high order dvi, ps, pdf).

              Note  the  possibility  -view=none  where no viewer is opened at
              all.  One example of is use is  in  conjunction  with  the  -pvc
              option,  when you want latexmk to do a compilation automatically
              whenever source file(s) change, but do not want a  previewer  to
              be opened.


       -Werror
              This  causes  latexmk to return a non-zero status code if any of
              the files processed gives a warning about  problems  with  cita-
              tions  or references (i.e., undefined citations or references or
              about multiply defined references).  This is after  latexmk  has
              completed  all  the  runs it needs to try and resolve references



                                  25 May 2018                               18





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              and citations.  Thus -Werror causes latexmk to treat such  warn-
              ings  as  errors,  but  only  when they occur on the last run of
              (pdf)latex and only after processing is complete.  Also  can  be
              set by the configuration variable $warnings_as_errors.


       -xelatex
              Use xelatex.  That is, use xelatex to process the source file(s)
              to pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript  files  is  turned
              off.

              This option is equivalent to using the following set of options

                   -pdfxe -dvi- -ps-

              [Note:  Note  that  the method of implementation of this option,
              but not its intended primary effect, differ  from  some  earlier
              versions  of  latexmk. Latexmk first uses xelatex to make an xdv
              file, and does all the extra runs  needed  (including  those  of
              bibtex,  etc).   Only  after that does it make the pdf file from
              the xdv file, using xdvipdfmx.  This  procedure  can  result  in
              considerable  savings  in run time, since the xdv-to-pdf conver-
              sion is quite time-consuming when large graphics files are  used
              in the document.]



       Compatibility between options

       The  preview-continuous option -pvc can only work with one file.  So in
       this case you will normally only specify one filename  on  the  command
       line.

       Options  -p,  -pv  and  -pvc  are mutually exclusive.  So each of these
       options turns the others off.


EXAMPLES
       % latexmk thesis    # run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references

       % latexmk -pvc -ps thesis# run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references, make a postscript
                           file, start a previewer.  Then
                           watch for changes in the source
                           file thesis.tex and any files it
                           uses.  After any changes rerun latex
                           the appropriate number of times and
                           remake the postscript file.  If latex
                           encounters an error, latexmk will
                           keep running, watching for
                           source file changes.

       % latexmk -c        # remove .aux, .log, .bbl, .blg, .dvi,



                                  25 May 2018                               19





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


                           .pdf, .ps & .bbl files



DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC
       Some possibilities:

       a. If you get a strange error, do look carefully at the output that  is
       on  the  screen  and in log files.  While there is much that is notori-
       ously verbose in the output of latex (and that is added to by latexmk),
       the  verbosity  is  there  for a reason: to enable the user to diagnose
       problems.  Latexmk does repeat some messages at the end of a  run  that
       it  thinks  would otherwise be easy to miss in the middle of other out-
       put.

       b. Generally, remember that latexmk does its work by running other pro-
       grams.  Your first priority in dealing with errors should be to examine
       what went wrong with the individual programs.  Then you need to correct
       the  causes of errors in the runs of these programs.  (Often these come
       from errors in the source document, but they could also be about  miss-
       ing LaTeX packages, etc.)

       c. If latexmk doesn't run the programs the way you would like, then you
       need to look in this documentation at the list of command line  options
       and  then at the sections on configuration/initialization files.  A lot
       of latexmk's behavior is configurable to deal  with  particular  situa-
       tions.  (But there is a lot of reading!)

       The  remainder  of  these notes consists of ideas for dealing with more
       difficult situations.

       d. Further tricks can involve  replacing  the  standard  commands  that
       latexmk runs by other commands or scripts.

       e.  For possible examples of code for use in an RC file, see the direc-
       tory  example_rcfiles  in  the  distribution  of  latexmk   (e.g.,   at
       http://mirror.ctan.org/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).  Even if these
       examples don't do what you want, they may provide suitable inspiration.

       f. There's a useful trick that  can  be  used  when  you  use  lualatex
       instead  of  pdflatex (and in some related situations).  The problem is
       that latexmk won't notice a dependency on a file, bar.baz say, that  is
       input  by  the  lua code in your document instead of by the LaTeX part.
       (Thus if you change bar.baz and rerun latexmk, then latexmk will  think
       no  files  have  changed  and  not  rerun  lualatex, whereas if you had
       '\input{bar.baz}' in the LaTeX part  of  the  document,  latexmk  would
       notice  the  change.)   One solution is just to put the following some-
       where in the LaTeX part of the document:

                     \typeout{(bar.baz)}

       This puts a line in the log file that latexmk will  treat  as  implying
       that  the  file  bar.baz  was  read.  (At present I don't know a way of
       doing this automatically.)  Of course, if  the  file  has  a  different



                                  25 May 2018                               20





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       name, change bar.baz to the name of your file.

       g. See also the section ADVANCED CONFIGURATION: Some extra resources.

       h.    Look   on   tex.stackexchange,   i.e.,   at   http://tex.stackex-
       change.com/questions/tagged/latexmk  Someone may  have  already  solved
       your problem.

       i. Ask a question at tex.stackexchange.com.

       j.  Or ask me (the author of latexmk).  My e-mail is at the end of this
       documentation.



CONFIGURATION/INITIALIZATION (RC) FILES
       Latexmk can be customized using initialization files, which are read at
       startup in the following order:

       1) The system RC file, if it exists.
          On a UNIX system, latexmk searches for following places for its sys-
       tem RC file, in the following order, and reads the first it finds:
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk/LatexMk".
          On a MS-Windows system it looks for "C:\latexmk\LatexMk".
          On a cygwin system (i.e., a MS-Windows system in which Perl is  that
       of cygwin), latexmk reads the first it finds of
          "/cygdrive/c/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk/LatexMk".

       In addition, it then tries the same set of locations, but with the file
       name replaced "LatexMk" replaced by "latexmkrc".

       If the environment variable LATEXMKRCSYS is set, its value is  used  as
       the name of the system RC file, instead of any of the above.

       2) The user's RC file, if it exists.  This can be in one of two places.
       The traditional one is ".latexmkrc" in the user's home directory.   The
       other  possibility  is "latexmk/latexmkrc" in the user's XDG configura-
       tion home directory.  The actual file read is the first  of  "$XDG_CON-
       FIG_HOME/latexmk/latexmkrc"  or  "$HOME/.latexmkrc" which exists.  (See
       https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-lat-
       est.html for details on the XDG Base Directory Specification.)

       Here  $HOME  is  the  user's  home  directory.  [Latexmk determines the
       user's home directory as follows:  It is the value of  the  environment
       variable  HOME,  if this variable exists, which normally is the case on
       UNIX-like systems (including Linux and OS-X).  Otherwise  the  environ-
       ment  variable USERPROFILE is used, if it exists, which normally is the
       case on MS-Windows systems. Otherwise a blank string is used instead of
       $HOME, in which case latexmk does not look for an RC file in it.]



                                  25 May 2018                               21





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $XDG_CONFIG_HOME  is  the  value  of  the environment variable XDG_CON-
       FIG_HOME if it exists.  If this environment variable  does  not  exist,
       but  $HOME  is  non-blank,  then $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is set to the default
       value of  $HOME/.config.   Otherwise  $XDG_CONFIG_HOME  is  blank,  and
       latexmk does not look for an RC file under it.


       3)  The  RC  file  in  the current working directory.  This file can be
       named either "latexmkrc" or ".latexmkrc", and the first of these to  be
       found is used, if any.

       4) Any RC file(s) specified on the command line with the -r option.

       Each RC file is a sequence of Perl commands.  Naturally, a user can use
       this in creative ways.  But  for  most  purposes,  one  simply  uses  a
       sequence  of  assignment  statements that override some of the built-in
       settings of Latexmk.  Straightforward  cases  can  be  handled  without
       knowledge  of  the Perl language by using the examples in this document
       as templates.  Comment lines are introduced by the "#" character.

       Note that command line options are obeyed in the order  in  which  they
       are written; thus any RC file specified on the command line with the -r
       option can override previous options but can be  itself  overridden  by
       later  options on the command line.  There is also the -e option, which
       allows initialization code to be specified in latexmk's command line.

        For possible examples of code for in an RC  file,  see  the  directory
       example_rcfiles  in  the  distribution of latexmk (e.g., at http://mir-
       ror.ctan.org/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).


HOW TO SET VARIABLES IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       The important variables that can be configured  are  described  in  the
       section  "List  of  configuration  variables  usable  in initialization
       files".  Syntax for setting these variables is of the following forms:

                           $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';

       for the setting of a string variable,

                           $preview_mode = 1;

       for the setting of a numeric variable, and

                           @default_files = ('paper', 'paper1');

       for the setting of an array of strings.  It is possible  to  append  an
       item to an array variable as follows:

                           push @default_files, 'paper2';

       Note  that  simple  "scalar"  variables  have names that begin with a $
       character and array variables have names that begin with a @ character.
       Each statement ends with a semicolon.



                                  25 May 2018                               22





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       Strings  should  be  enclosed  in single quotes.  (You could use double
       quotes, as in many programming languages.  But then the  Perl  program-
       ming  language  brings  into  play some special rules for interpolating
       variables into strings.  People not fluent in Perl will want  to  avoid
       these complications.)

       You  can do much more complicated things, but for this you will need to
       consult a manual for the Perl programming language.




FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS
       Some of the variables set the commands that latexmk uses  for  carrying
       out  its work, for example to generate a dvi file from a tex file or to
       view a postscript file.  This section describes some important features
       of  how  the commands are specified.  (Note that some of the possibili-
       ties listed here do not apply to the $kpsewhich variable; see its docu-
       mentation.)

       Placeholders:  Supposed you wanted latexmk to use the command elatex in
       place of the regular latex  command,  and  suppose  moreover  that  you
       wanted  to  give  it the option "--shell-escape".  You could do this by
       the following setting:

            $latex = 'elatex --shell-escape %O %S';

       The two items starting with the % character  are  placeholders.   These
       are  substituted by appropriate values before the command is run.  Thus
       %S will be replaced by the source file that elatex will be applied  to,
       and  %O will be replaced by any options that latexmk has decided to use
       for this command.  (E.g., if you used the -silent option in the invoca-
       tion  of  latexmk,   it  results in the replacement of %O by "-interac-
       tion=batchmode".)

       The available placeholders are:

       %B     base of filename for current command.   E.g.,  if  a  postscript
              file  document.ps  is being made from the dvi file document.dvi,
              then the basename is document.

       %D     destination file (e.g., the name of  the  postscript  file  when
              converting a dvi file to postscript).

       %O     options

       %R     root filename.  This is the base name for the main tex file.

       %S     source  file  (e.g.,  the name of the dvi file when converting a
              dvi file to ps).

       %T     The name of the primary tex file.

       %Y



                                  25 May 2018                               23





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Name of directory for auxiliary output files (see the configura-
              tion variable $aux_dir).  A directory separation character ('/')
              is appended if $aux_dir is non-empty and does not end in a suit-
              able character, with suitable characters being those appropriate
              to UNIX and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.   Note  that  if
              after  initialization,  $out_dir is set, but $aux_dir is not set
              (i.e., it is blank), then latexmk  sets  $aux_dir  to  the  same
              value $out_dir.

       %Z     Name  of directory for output files (see the configuration vari-
              able $out_dir).   A  directory  separation  character  ('/')  is
              appended if $out_dir is non-empty and does not end in a suitable
              character, with suitable characters being those  appropriate  to
              UNIX and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.

       If  for  some  reason you need a literal % character in your string not
       subject to the above rules, use "%%".

       Appropriate quoting will be applied to the filename  substitutions,  so
       you  mustn't  supply them yourself even if the names of your files have
       spaces in them.  (But if your TeX filenames have spaces in them, beware
       that many versions of the TeX program cannot correctly handle filenames
       containing spaces.)  In case latexmk's quoting does not work  correctly
       on  your  system,  you can turn it off -- see the documentation for the
       variable $quote_filenames.

       The distinction between %B and %R needs a bit of care, since  they  are
       often  the same, but not always.  For example on a simple document, the
       basename of a bibtex run is the same as for the texfile.  But in a doc-
       ument  with  several bibliographies, the bibliography files will have a
       variety of names.  Since bibtex is invoked with  the  basename  of  the
       bibliography  file, the setting for the bibtex command should therefore
       be

            $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';

       Generally, you should use %B rather than %R.  Similarly for  most  pur-
       poses, the name %T of the primary texfile is not a useful placeholder.

       See  the default values in the section "List of configuration variables
       usable in initialization files" for what is normally the most appropri-
       ate usage.

       If you omit to supply any placeholders whatever in the specification of
       a command, latexmk will supply what its author thinks  are  appropriate
       defaults.  This gives compatibility with configuration files for previ-
       ous versions of latexmk, which didn't use placeholders.

       "Detaching" a command: Normally when latexmk runs a command,  it  waits
       for the command to run to completion.  This is appropriate for commands
       like latex, of course.  But for previewers, the command should normally
       run  detached,  so  that  latexmk  gets  the previewer running and then
       returns to its next task (or exits if there is nothing else to do).  To
       achieve  this  effect  of  detaching a command, you need to precede the



                                  25 May 2018                               24





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       command name with "start ", as in

            $dvi_previewer = 'start xdvi %O %S';

       This will be translated to whatever is appropriate for  your  operating
       system.

       Notes:  (1)  In  some  circumstances, latexmk will always run a command
       detached.  This is the case for a previewer in preview continuous mode,
       since  otherwise previewing continuously makes no sense.  (2) This pre-
       cludes the possibility of running a command named start.   (3)  If  the
       word  start  occurs  more  than  once  at  the beginning of the command
       string, that is equivalent to having just one.  (4) Under cygwin,  some
       complications  happen, since cygwin amounts to a complicated merging of
       UNIX and MS-Windows.  See the source code  for  how  I've  handled  the
       problem.

       Command names containing spaces: Under MS-Windows it is common that the
       name of a command includes spaces, since software is often installed in
       a  subdirectory  of  "C:\Program  Files".  Such command names should be
       enclosed in double quotes, as in

            $lpr_pdf  =  '"c:/Program  Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe"  /p
       %S';
            $pdf_previewer   =   'start   "c:/Program   Files/SumatraPDF/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';
            $pdf_previewer = 'start "c:/Program  Files/SumatraPDF  (x86)/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';


       (Note  about  the  above  example: Under MS-Windows forward slashes are
       equivalent to backslashes in a filename under almost all circumstances,
       provided  that  the  filename is inside double quotes.  It is easier to
       use forward slashes in examples like the one above, since then one does
       not  have  to worry about the rules for dealing with forward slashes in
       strings in the Perl language.)

       Command names under Cygwin: If latexmk is executed  by  Cygwin's  Perl,
       be particularly certain that pathnames in commands have forward slashes
       not the usual backslashes for the  separator  of  pathname  components.
       See  the  above  examples.  Backslashes often get misinterpreted by the
       Unix shell used by Cygwin's Perl to execute external commands.  Forward
       slashes don't suffer from this problem, and (when quoted, as above) are
       equally acceptable to MS-Windows.

       Using MS-Windows file associations: A useful trick  under  modern  ver-
       sions of MS-Windows (e.g., WinXP) is to use just the command 'start' by
       itself:

            $dvi_previewer = 'start %S';

       Under MS-Windows, this will cause to be run whatever program the system
       has  associated  with  dvi  files.   (The same applies for a postscript
       viewer and a pdf viewer.)  But note  that  this  trick  is  not  always



                                  25 May 2018                               25





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       suitable  for  the  pdf  previwer,  if your system has acroread for the
       default pdf viewer.  As explained elsewhere, acroread under  MS-Windows
       does  not  work well with latex and latexmk, because acroread locks the
       pdf file.

       Not using a certain command: If a command is not to be run, the command
       name NONE is used, as in

            $lpr  = 'NONE lpr';

       This  typically  is  used when an appropriate command does not exist on
       your system.  The string after the "NONE" is effectively a comment.

       Options to commands: Setting the name of a command can be used not only
       for changing the name of the command called, but also to add options to
       command.  Suppose you want latexmk to use latex  with  source  specials
       enabled.   Then  you  might use the following line in an initialization
       file:

            $latex = 'latex --src-specials %O %S';

       Running a subroutine instead of an external command: Use  a  specifica-
       tion starting with "internal", as in

            $latex = 'internal mylatex %O %S';
            sub mylatex {
                my @args = @_;
                # Possible preprocessing here
                return system 'latex', @args;
            }

       For  some  of the more exotic possibilities that then become available,
       see the section  "ADVANCED  CONFIGURATION:  Some  extra  resources  and
       advanced  tricks". Also see some of the examples in the directory exam-
       ple_rcfiles in the latexmk distribution.

       Advanced tricks: Normally one specifies a single command for  the  com-
       mands  invoked  by  latexmk.   Naturally,  if there is some complicated
       additional processing you need to do in your special situation, you can
       write a script (or batch file) to do the processing, and then configure
       latexmk to use your script in place of the standard program.

       You can also use a Perl subroutine instead of a script  --  see  above.
       This is generally the most flexible and portable solution.

       It is also possible to configure latexmk to run multiple commands.  For
       example, if when running pdflatex to generate a pdf  file  from  a  tex
       file  you  need  to  run another program after pdflatex to perform some
       extra processing, you could do something like:

            $pdflatex = 'pdflatex --shell-escape  %O  %S;  pst2pdf_for_latexmk
       %B';

       This  definition  assumes  you  are  using  a  UNIX-like  system (which



                                  25 May 2018                               26





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       includes Linux and OS-X), so that the two commands to be run are  sepa-
       rated by the semicolon in the middle of the string.

       If you are using MS-Windows, you would replace the above line by

          $pdflatex = 'cmd /c pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S'
                      . '&& pst2pdf_for_latexmk %B';

       Here,  the  UNIX  command  separator ; is replaced by &&.  In addition,
       there is a problem that some versions of Perl on MS-Windows do not obey
       the  command separator; this problem is overcome by explicitly invoking
       the MS-Windows command-line processor cmd.exe.


LIST OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES USABLE IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       Default values are indicated in brackets.

       $always_view_file_via_temporary [0]
              Whether ps and pdf files are initially to be made in a temporary
              directory  and  then moved to the final location.  (This applies
              to dvips, dvipdf, and ps2pdf operations, and the filtering oper-
              ators  on  dvi  and  ps  files.   It does not apply to pdflatex,
              unfortunately, since pdflatex provides no way  of  specifying  a
              chosen name for the output file.)

              This use of a temporary file solves a problem that the making of
              these files can occupy a substantial time.  If a viewer (notably
              gv)  sees  that  the  file has changed, it may read the new file
              before the program writing the file has  not  yet  finished  its
              work, which  can cause havoc.

              See the $pvc_view_file_via_temporary variable for a setting that
              applies only if preview-continuous mode (-pvc option)  is  used.
              See $tmpdir for the setting of the directory where the temporary
              file is created.


       $analyze_input_log_always [1]

              After a run of latex (etc), always analyze .log for input  files
              in  the  <...>  and (...) constructions.  Otherwise, only do the
              analysis when fls file doesn't exist or is out of date.

              Under normal circumstances, the data in the fls  file  is  reli-
              able, and the test of the log file gets lots of false positives;
              usually $analyze_input_log_always is best set to zero.  But  the
              test  of the log file is needed at least in the following situa-
              tion: When a user needs to persuade latexmk that a certain  file
              is  a  source file, and latexmk doesn't otherwise find it.  Then
              the user can write code that causes a  line  with  (...)  to  be
              written  to log file.  One important case is for lualatex, which
              doesn't always generate lines in the .fls  file  for  input  lua
              files.   (The  situation  with lualatex is HIGHLY version depen-
              dent, e.g., there was a big  change  between  TeXLive  2016  and



                                  25 May 2018                               27





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              TeXLive 2017.)

              To  keep  backward compatibility with older versions of latexmk,
              the default is to set $analyze_input_log_always to 1.


       $auto_rc_use [1]
              Whether to automatically read the standard  initialization  (rc)
              files, which are the system RC file, the user's RC file, and the
              RC file in the current directory.  The command line option -norc
              can  be  used to turn this setting off.  Each RC file could also
              turn this setting off, i.e., it could set $auto_rc_use  to  zero
              to prevent automatic reading of the later RC files.

              This  variable does not affect the reading of RC files specified
              on the command line by the -r option.

       $aux_dir [""]
              The directory in which auxiliary files (aux, log, etc) are to be
              written  by  a  run of (pdf)latex.  If this variable is not set,
              but $out_dir is set, then $aux_dir is set to $out_dir, which  is
              the directory to which general output files are to be written.

              Important  note:   The  effect  of  $aux_dir,  if different from
              $out_dir, is achieved by giving (pdf)latex  the  -aux-directory.
              Currently  (Dec.  2011  and later) this only works on the MiKTeX
              version of (pdf)latex.

              See also the documentation of $out_dir for some complications on
              what directory names are suitable.

              If  you also use the -cd option, and $out_dir (or $aux_dir) con-
              tains a relative path, then the path is interpreted relative  to
              the document directory.

       $banner [0]
              If  nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page when
              converting the dvi file to postscript.   Without  modifying  the
              variable  $banner_message,  this is equivalent to specifying the
              -d option.

              Note that if $banner is nonzero, the $postscript_mode is assumed
              and the postscript file is always generated, even if it is newer
              than the dvi file.

       $banner_intensity [0.95]
              Equivalent to the -bi option, this is a decimal number between 0
              and  1 that specifies how dark to print the banner message. 0 is
              black, 1 is white.  The default is just right if your toner car-
              tridge isn't running too low.

       $banner_message ["DRAFT"]
              The banner message to print across each page when converting the
              dvi file to postscript.  This is equivalent to the -bm option.



                                  25 May 2018                               28





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $banner_scale [220.0]
              A decimal number that specifies how  large  the  banner  message
              will  be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right
              scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be
              about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
              message.  The Default is just right for  5  character  messages.
              This is equivalent to the -bs option.

       @BIBINPUTS
              This  is  an array variable, now mostly obsolete, that specifies
              directories where  latexmk  should  look  for  .bib  files.   By
              default it is set from the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the
              operating system.  If that environment variable is  not  set,  a
              single  element list consisting of the current directory is set.
              The format of the directory names depends on your operating sys-
              tem, of course.  Examples for setting this variable are:

                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "\\server\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "//server/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "/usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib" );

              Note  that  under  MS  Windows,  either a forward slash "/" or a
              backward slash "\" can be used to separate pathname  components,
              so  the  first  two  and the second two examples are equivalent.
              Each backward slash should be doubled to avoid running afoul  of
              Perl's rules for writing strings.

              Important note: This variable is now mostly obsolete in the cur-
              rent version of latexmk, since it has a better method of search-
              ing  for  files  using  the kpsewhich command.  However, if your
              system is an unusual one without the kpsewhich command, you  may
              need to set the variable @BIBINPUTS.

       $biber ["biber %O %S"]
              The biber processing program.

       $biber_silent_switch ["--onlylog"]
              Switch(es)  for the biber processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $bibtex ["bibtex %O %S"]
              The BibTeX processing program.

       $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
              Switch(es) for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $bibtex_use [1]
              Under what conditions to run bibtex or biber.  When latexmk dis-
              covers from the log file that one (or more)  bibtex/biber-gener-
              ated  bibliographies  are used, it can run bibtex or biber when-
              ever it appears necessary to regenerate  the  bbl  file(s)  from



                                  25 May 2018                               29





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              their  source  bib  database  file(s).   But  sometimes, the bib
              file(s) are not available (e.g., for a document obtained from an
              external archive), but the bbl files are provided.  In that case
              use of bibtex or biber will result in incorrect  overwriting  of
              the  precious  bbl  files.   The  variable  $bibtex_use controls
              whether this happens, and also  controls  whether  or  not  .bbl
              files are deleted in a cleanup operation.

              The possible values of $bibtex_use are:
                0:  never  use  BibTeX  or biber; never delete .bbl files in a
              cleanup.
                1: only use bibtex or biber if  the  bib  files  exist;  never
              delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
                1.5:  only  use bibtex or biber if the bib files exist; condi-
              tionally delete .bbl files in a cleanup (i.e., delete them  only
              when the bib files all exist).
                2: run bibtex or biber whenever it appears necessary to update
              the bbl files, without testing for  the  existence  of  the  bib
              files; always delete .bbl files in a cleanup.


       $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
              generated by custom dependencies.  (When doing a clean up, e.g.,
              by use of the -C option, custom dependencies are those listed in
              the .fdb_latexmk file from a previous run.)

       $cleanup_includes_generated [0]
              If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files  that  are
              detected  in log file as being generated (see the \openout lines
              in the log file).  It will also include files  made  from  these
              first generation generated files.

       $cleanup_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies  cleanup mode: 1 for full cleanup, 2 for
              cleanup except for dvi, ps and pdf files, 3 for  cleanup  except
              for  dep and aux files.  (There is also extra cleaning as speci-
              fied by  the  $clean_ext,  $clean_full_ext  and  @generated_exts
              variables.)

              This  variable  is  equivalent to specifying one of the -c or -C
              options.  But there should be no need to set this variable  from
              an RC file.

       $clean_ext [""]
              Extra  extensions of files for latexmk to remove when any of the
              clean-up options (-c or -C) is  selected.   The  value  of  this
              variable is a string containing the extensions separated by spa-
              ces.

              It is also possible to specify a more general pattern of file to
              be deleted, by using the place holder %R, as in commands, and it
              is also possible to use wildcards.  Thus setting




                                  25 May 2018                               30





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


                 $clean_ext = "out %R-blx.bib %R-figures*.log";

              in an initialization file will imply that when a clean-up opera-
              tion  is  specified,  not  only  is  the  standard  set of files
              deleted, but also files of the form  FOO.out,  FOO-blx.bib,  and
              %R-figures*.log,  where  FOO stands for the basename of the file
              being processed (as in FOO.tex).

       $clean_full_ext [""]
              Extra extensions of files for latexmk  to  remove  when  the  -C
              option is selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove when the
              .dvi, etc files are to be cleaned-up.

              More general patterns are allowed, as for $clean_ext.


       $compiling_cmd [""], $failure_cmd [""], $warning_cmd [""], $success_cmd
       [""]

              These  variables  specify  commands that are executed at certain
              points of  compilations  during  preview-continuous  mode.   One
              motivation  for  their  existance is to allow very useful conve-
              nient visual indications of compilation  status  even  when  the
              window receiving the screen output of the compilation is hidden.

              The  commands  are  executed  at  the following points: $compil-
              ing_cmd at the start of compilation, $success_cmd at the end  of
              a  completely successful compilation, $failure_cmd at the end of
              an unsuccessful compilation, $warning_cmd at the of an otherwise
              successful compilation that gives warnings about undefined cita-
              tions or references or about multiply defined references. If any
              of  above  variables  is  undefined or blank (the default situa-
              tion), then the corresponding command is not executed.

              However, when $warning_cmd is not set, then in  the  case  of  a
              compilation  with  warnings  about  references or citations, but
              with no other error, one or  other  of  $success_cmd  or  $fail-
              ure_cmd  is  used  (if  it  is  set) according to the setting of
              $warnings_as_errors.

              An example of a simple setting of these variables is as follows

                  $compiling_cmd = "xdotool search  --name  \"%D\"  set_window
              --name \"%D compiling\"";
                  $success_cmd    =  "xdotool  search --name \"%D\" set_window
              --name \"%D OK\"";
                  $warning_cmd   = "xdotool search --name \"%D\" ".
                                   "set_window --name \"%D CITE/REF ISSUE\"";
                  $failure_cmd   = "xdotool search  --name  \"%D\"  set_window
              --name \"%D FAILURE\"";

              These  assume  that  the  program xdotool is installed, that the
              previewer is using an X-Window system for display, and that  the
              title  of the window contains the name of the displayed file, as



                                  25 May 2018                               31





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              it normally does.  When the commands are  executed,  the  place-
              holder  string  %D  is  replaced  by the name of the destination
              file, which is the previewed file.  The above commands result in
              an appropriate string being appended to the filename in the win-
              dow title: " compiling", " OK", or " FAILURE".

              Other placeholders that can be used are %S, %T, and %R, with  %S
              and  %T normally being identical. These can be useful for a com-
              mand changing the title of the edit window. The  visual  indica-
              tion  in a window title can useful, since the user does not have
              to keep shifting attention to the (possibly hidden)  compilation
              window to know the status of the compilation.

              More  complicated  situations  can best be handled by defining a
              Perl subroutine to invoke the necessary commands, and using  the
              "internal"  keyword  in the definitions to get the subroutine to
              be invoked.  (See the section Format of  Command  Specifications
              for how to do this.)

              Naturally,  the  above  settings that invoke the xdotool program
              are only applicable when the X-Window system  is  used  for  the
              relevant window(s).  For other cases, you will have to find what
              software solutions are available.


       @cus_dep_list [()]
              Custom dependency list -- see section on "Custom Dependencies".

       @default_excluded_files [()]
              When latexmk is invoked with no files specified on  the  command
              line, then, by default, it will process all files in the current
              directory with the extension .tex.  (In general, it will process
              the files specified in the @default_files variable.)

              But  sometimes  you  want  to exclude particular files from this
              default list.  In that case you can specify the  excluded  files
              in the array @default_excluded_files.  For example if you wanted
              to process all .tex files  with  the  exception  of  common.tex,
              which  is  a not a standard alone LaTeX file but a file input by
              some or all of the others, you could do

                   @default_files = ("*.tex");

                   @default_excluded_files = ("common.tex");

              If you have a variable or large number of files to be processed,
              this  method  saves  you  from  having to list them in detail in
              @default_files and having to update  the  list  every  time  you
              change the set of files to be processed.

              Notes:  1.  This variable has no effect except when no files are
              specified on the latexmk command line.  2. Wildcards are allowed
              in @default_excluded_files.




                                  25 May 2018                               32





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       @default_files [("*.tex")]
              Default list of files to be processed.

              If  no filenames are specified on the command line, latexmk pro-
              cesses all tex files specified in the  @default_files  variable,
              which  by  default is set to all tex files ("*.tex") in the cur-
              rent directory.  This is a convenience: just run latexmk and  it
              will  process  an  appropriate  set of files.  But sometimes you
              want only some of these files to be processed.  In this case you
              can  list the files to be processed by setting @default_files in
              an initialization file (e.g., the file "latexmkrc" in  the  cur-
              rent  directory).  Then if no files are specified on the command
              line then the files you specify by  setting  @default_files  are
              processed.

              Three examples:

                   @default_files = ("paper_current");

                   @default_files = ("paper1", "paper2.tex");

                   @default_files = ("*.tex", "*.dtx");

              Note  that  more  than  file  may be given, and that the default
              extension is ".tex".  Wild cards are allowed.   The  parentheses
              are  because  @default_files  is  an  array  variable,  i.e.,  a
              sequence of filename specifications is possible.

              If you want latexmk to process all .tex files with a few  excep-
              tions, see the @default_excluded_files array variable.

       $dependents_phony [0]
              If  a  list  of dependencies is output, this variable determines
              whether to include a phony target for each source file.  If  you
              use  the  dependents  list  in  a Makefile, the dummy rules work
              around errors make gives if  you  remove  header  files  without
              updating the Makefile to match.

       $dependents_list [0]
              Whether  to  display  a  list(s) of dependencies at the end of a
              run.

       $deps_file ["-"]
              Name of file to receive list(s) of dependencies at the end of  a
              run,  to be used if $dependesnt_list is set.  If the filename is
              "-", then the dependency list is set to stdout  (i.e.,  normally
              the screen).

       $do_cd [0]
              Whether  to  change working directory to the directory specified
              for the main source file  before  processing  it.   The  default
              behavior is not to do this, which is the same as the behavior of
              latex and pdflatex programs.  This variable is set  by  the  -cd
              and -cd- options on latexmk's command line.



                                  25 May 2018                               33





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $dvi_filter [empty]
              The  dvi  file  filter  to be run on the newly produced dvi file
              before other  processing.   Equivalent  to  specifying  the  -dF
              option.

       $dvi_mode [See below for default]
              If  nonzero, generate a dvi version of the document.  Equivalent
              to the -dvi option.

              The variable  $dvi_mode  defaults  to  0,  but  if  no  explicit
              requests  are  made  for  other types of file (postscript, pdf),
              then $dvi_mode will be set to 1.  In addition, if a request  for
              a  file  for which a .dvi file is a prerequisite, then $dvi_mode
              will be set to 1.

       $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
              The command to invoke a dvi-previewer.   [Under  MS-Windows  the
              default  is "start"; then latexmk arranges to use the MS-Windows
              start program, which will cause to be run whatever  command  the
              system has associated with .dvi files.]

              Important  note:  Normally you will want to have a previewer run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate  before continuing its work.  So normally you should pre-
              fix the command by "start ", which  flags  to  latexmk  that  it
              should  do  the  detaching  of the previewer itself (by whatever
              method is appropriate to the operating system).   But  sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start "  bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.

       $dvi_previewer_landscape ["start xdvi %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a dvi-previewer in landscape mode.  [Under
              MS-Windows the default is "start"; then latexmk arranges to  use
              the  MS-Windows  start program, which will cause to be run what-
              ever command the system has associated with .dvi files.]

       $dvipdf ["dvipdf %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert dvi to pdf file.  A common reconfiguration is
              to  use the dvipdfm command, which needs its arguments in a dif-
              ferent order:

                   $dvipdf = "dvipdfm %O -o %D %S";

              WARNING: The default dvipdf  script  generates  pdf  files  with
              bitmapped fonts, which do not look good when viewed by acroread.
              That script should be modified to give  dvips  the  options  "-P
              pdf" to ensure that type 1 fonts are used in the pdf file.

       $dvipdf_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvipdf program when silent mode is on.

              N.B.  The  standard  dvipdf program runs silently, so adding the
              silent switch has no effect, but is actually innocuous.  But  if



                                  25 May 2018                               34





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              an  alternative program is used, e.g., dvipdfmx, then the silent
              switch has an  effect.   The  default  setting  is  correct  for
              dvipdfm and dvipdfmx.

       $dvips ["dvips %O -o %D %S"]
              The  program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a .ps
              file.  If pdf is going to be generated from pdf, then the  value
              of  the  $dvips_pdf_switch  variable  --  see  below  -- will be
              included in the options substituted for "%O".

       $dvips_landscape ["dvips -tlandscape %O -o %D %S"]
              The program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a  .ps
              file in landscape mode.

       $dvips_pdf_switch ["-P pdf"]
              Switch(es)  for  dvips  program when pdf file is to be generated
              from ps file.

       $dvips_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when silent mode is on.

       $dvi_update_command [""]
              When the dvi previewer is set to be updated by  running  a  com-
              mand,  this is the command that is run.  See the information for
              the variable $dvi_update_method for further information, and see
              information  on  the  variable $pdf_update_method for an example
              for the analogous case of a pdf previewer.

       $dvi_update_method [2 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How the dvi viewer updates its display when  the  dvi  file  has
              changed.     The    values    here    apply   equally   to   the
              $pdf_update_method and to the $ps_update_method variables.
                  0 => update is automatic,
                  1=> manual update by user, which may only mean a mouse click
              on the viewer's window or may mean a more serious action.
                  2  =>  Send  the  signal,  whose  number  is in the variable
              $dvi_update_signal.  The default value under  UNIX  is  suitable
              for xdvi.
                  3  => Viewer cannot do an update, because it locks the file.
              (As with acroread under MS-Windows.)
                  4 => run a command to do the update.  The command is  speci-
              fied by the variable $dvi_update_command.

              See  information on the variable $pdf_update_method for an exam-
              ple of updating by command.

       $dvi_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGUSR1, which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the dvi viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal -- see  the  information  on  the
              variable  $dvi_update_method.   The  default  value  is  the one
              appropriate for xdvi on a UNIX system.





                                  25 May 2018                               35





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $failure_cmd [undefined]
              See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.

       $fdb_ext ["fdb_latexmk"]
              The extension of the file which latexmk generates to  contain  a
              database  of information on source files.  You will not normally
              need to change this.

       $filetime_causality_threshold  [5];   $filetime_offset_report_threshold
       [30]. (Units of seconds.)

              These  variables  control  how  latexmk deals with the following
              issue, which can affect the use of files that are  on  a  remote
              filesystem  (network  share)  instead  of being on a file system
              local to the computer running latexmk.  Almost  users  will  not
              have to worry about these settings, and can ignore the following
              explanation.

              In almost all situations, latexmk does not need to use the  time
              stamps  of the files it works with.  However, there are a couple
              of situations when it needs to know whether a certain  file  was
              created in the current run of a program (e.g., (pdf)latex) or is
              a leftover file from a previous run. It does this  by  comparing
              the  modification  time  of  the  file with the system time just
              before the program was started. If the modification time is ear-
              lier  than  when the program was started, the file is a leftover
              file, which latexmk treats as if it were not  created.   If  the
              filetime  is  at  least  the  program start time, then it can be
              assumed that the file was created in the current run.

              Unfortunately, this test can fail if the file  is  on  a  remote
              system,  since  its  system time is not necessarily synchronized
              with that of the local system;  the  timestamps  on  the  remote
              files  are set by the remote system, not the local system.  Gen-
              erally, modern operating  systems  regularly  synchronize  their
              time  with  a server, so the non-synchronization is mostly small
              (a second or so, or a few seconds).  But even a small difference
              can mess up latexmk's test.

              Latexmk measures the time difference between the time on the two
              systems and compensates for this.  But  the  measurement  (in  a
              system-independent way) is only accurate to a second or two.  So
              latexmk allows for a threshold on the  difference  between  file
              and  system  time  before it concludes that a file is a leftover
              file from a previous  run.  The  configuration  variable  $file-
              time_causality_theshhold,  which  in units of seconds, specifies
              this threshold.  Luckily high precision is not needed.  The pre-
              vious  run  is normally the previous run in a human run-edit-run
              cycle, and is at least many seconds  back.   A  few  seconds  is
              therefore   appropriate  for  the  threshold,  $filetime_causal-
              ity_theshhold; it should be non-negative always, and  should  be
              bigger than 2 if a remote filesystem or network share is used.

              If  the  difference in system times on the two systems is large,



                                  25 May 2018                               36





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              it normally indicates that at least one of the systems  is  mis-
              configured.    The   variable  $filetime_offset_report_threshold
              specifies the smallest size of the  difference  (or  offset)  in
              seconds  between the times of the local and remote system beyond
              which the offset is reported.  This is reported at the point  in
              the  latexmk's  progress that it measures the offset. The report
              is made if silent mode is used and diagnostic mode is not on.


       $force_mode [0]
              If nonzero, continue processing past minor latex errors  includ-
              ing unrecognized cross references.  Equivalent to specifying the
              -f option.

       @generated_exts [( aux , bbl , idx , ind , lof , lot  ,  out  ,  toc  ,
       $fdb_ext )]
              This  contains a list of extensions for files that are generated
              during a LaTeX run and that are read in by LaTeX in later  runs,
              either directly or indirectly.

              This  list  has  two  uses:  (a)  to set the kinds of file to be
              deleted in a cleanup operation (with the -c, -C, -CA, -g and -gg
              options),  and  (b)  in  the determination of whether a rerun of
              (pdf)LaTeX is needed after a run that gives an error.

              (Normally, a change of a source file during a run should provoke
              a  rerun.  This includes a file generated by LaTeX, e.g., an aux
              file, that is read in on subsequent runs.  But after a run  that
              results  in  an error, a new run should occur until the user has
              made a change in the files.  But the user may have corrected  an
              error in a source .tex file during the run.  So latexmk needs to
              distinguish user-generated and automatically generated files; it
              determines  the  automatically  generated  files  as  those with
              extensions in the list in @generated_exts.)

              A convenient way to add an extra extension to the list,  without
              losing  the already defined ones is to use a push command in the
              line in an RC file.  E.g.,

                              push @generated_exts, "end";

              adds the extension "end" to the  list  of  predefined  generated
              extensions.   (This extension is used by the RevTeX package, for
              example.)

       $go_mode [0]
              If nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is  then
              equivalent to the -g option.

       %hash_calc_ignore_pattern
              !!!This variable is for experts only!!!

              The  general rule latexmk uses for determining when an extra run
              of some program is needed is that one of the  source  files  has



                                  25 May 2018                               37





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              changed.   But  consider for example a latex package that causes
              an encapsulated postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made  that
              is  to  be read in on the next run.  The file contains a comment
              line giving its creation date and time.  On  the  next  run  the
              time  changes,  latex  sees  that  the eps file has changed, and
              therefore reruns latex.  This causes an infinite loop,  that  is
              only  terminated  because  latexmk  has a limit on the number of
              runs to guard against pathological situations.

              But the changing line has no real effect, since it is a comment.
              You can instruct latex to ignore the offending line as follows:

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: ';

              This creates a rule for files with extension .eps about lines to
              ignore.  The left-hand side is a Perl idiom for setting an  item
              in  a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without a
              period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string contain-
              ing  a  regular expresssion.  (See documentation on Perl for how
              they are to be specified in general.)  This  particular  regular
              expression  specifies that lines beginning with "%%CreationDate:
              " are to be ignored in deciding whether  a  file  of  the  given
              extension .eps has changed.

              There  is  only one regular expression available for each exten-
              sion.  If you need more one pattern to specify lines to  ignore,
              then  you  need  to  combine  the patterns into a single regular
              expression.  The simplest method is separate the different  sim-
              ple  patterns  by a vertical bar character (indicating "alterna-
              tion" in the jargon of regular expressions).  For example,

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'}     =      '^%%CreationDate:
              |^%%Title: ';

              causes   lines  starting  with  either  "^%%CreationDate:  "  or
              "^%%Title: " to be ignored.

              It may happen that a pattern to be ignored is specified in,  for
              example,  in  a system or user initialization file, and you wish
              to remove this in a file that is read later.  To  do  this,  you
              use Perl's delete function, e.g.,

                  delete $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'};


       $kpsewhich ["kpsewhich %S"]
              The  program  called to locate a source file when the name alone
              is not sufficient.  Most filenames used by latexmk  have  suffi-
              cient  path  information  to  be found directly.  But sometimes,
              notably when a .bib or a .bst file is found from the log file of
              a  bibtex or biber run, only the base name of the file is known,
              but not its path. The program specified by $kpsewhich is used to
              find it.




                                  25 May 2018                               38





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              (For  advanced  users:  Because  of  the  different way in which
              latexmk uses the command specified in $kpsewhich,  some  of  the
              possibilities  listed in the FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS do
              not apply.  The internal and start keywords are not available. A
              simple command specification with possible options and then "%S"
              is all that is guaranteed to work.  Note  that  for  other  com-
              mands, "%S" is substituted by a single source file. In contrast,
              for $kpsewhich, "%S" may be substituted by a long list of space-
              separated  filenames,  each  of  which is quoted.  The result on
              STDOUT of running the command is then piped to latexmk.)

              See also the @BIBINPUTS variable for another  way  that  latexmk
              also uses to try to locate files; it applies only in the case of
              .bib files.

       $kpsewhich_show [0]
              Whether to show diagnostics about invocations of kpsewhich:  the
              command  line  use to invoke it and the results.  These diagnos-
              tics are shown if $kpsewhich_show is non-zero or if  diagnostics
              mode  is on.  (But in the second case, lots of other diagnostics
              are also shown.)  Without these  diagnostics  there  is  nothing
              visible  in  latexmk's  screen output about invocations of kpse-
              which.

       $landscape_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode pre-
              viewers  and dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the -l
              option.  Normally not needed with current previewers.

       $latex ["latex %O %S"]
              The LaTeX processing program.  Note that as with other programs,
              you  can  use  this  variable not just to change the name of the
              program used, but also specify options to the program.  E.g.,

                                  $latex = "latex --src-specials";

       %latex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that a LaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has not
              been found, and the file is given without  an  extension.   This
              typically  happens  when LaTeX commands of the form \input{file}
              or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source file  does
              not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified  by the variable %latex_input_extensions.  The default
              extensions are 'tex' and 'eps'.

              (For Perl experts: %latex_input_extensions is a hash whose  keys
              are  the  extensions.   The values are irrelevant.)  Two subrou-
              tines are provided for manipulating this and the  related  vari-
              able      %pdflatex_input_extensions,      add_input_ext     and
              remove_input_ext.  They are used as in  the  following  examples



                                  25 May 2018                               39





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              are possible lines in an initialization file:

                  remove_input_ext( 'latex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from latex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'latex', 'asdf' );

              add  the  extension 'asdf to latex_input_extensions.  (Naturally
              with such an extension, you should have made an appropriate cus-
              tom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the appro-
              priate programming in the LaTeX source file to enable  the  file
              to  be  read.   The standard extensions are handled by LaTeX and
              its graphics/graphicx packages.)

       $latex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the LaTeX processing program when silent mode  is
              on.

              If  you  use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if you configure
              the options to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by  the  following
              line in an initialization file

                $latex_silent_switch   =   "-interaction=batchmode   -c-style-
              errors";


       $lpr ["lpr %O %S" under UNIX/Linux, "NONE lpr" under MS-Windows]
              The command to print postscript files.

              Under MS-Windows (unlike UNIX/Linux), there is no standard  pro-
              gram for printing files.  But there are ways you can do it.  For
              example, if you have gsview installed, you could use it with the
              option "/p":

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If  gsview  is installed in a different directory, you will need
              to make the appropriate change.  Note the combination of  single
              and  double  quotes  around the name.  The single quotes specify
              that this is a string to be assigned to the configuration  vari-
              able  $lpr.   The double quotes are part of the string passed to
              the operating system to get the command obeyed; this  is  neces-
              sary because one part of the command name ("Program Files") con-
              tains a space which would otherwise be misinterpreted.

       $lpr_dvi ["NONE lpr_dvi"]
              The printing program to print dvi files.

       $lpr_pdf ["NONE lpr_pdf"]
              The printing program to print pdf files.

              Under MS-Windows you could set this to  use  gsview,  if  it  is
              installed, e.g.,



                                  25 May 2018                               40





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If  gsview  is installed in a different directory, you will need
              to make the appropriate change.  Note the double  quotes  around
              the name: this is necessary because one part of the command name
              ("Program Files") contains a space which would otherwise be mis-
              interpreted.

       $lualatex ["lualatex %O %S"]
              The  LaTeX processing program that is to be used when the luala-
              tex program is called for (e.g., by the option -lualatex.

       %lualatex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that  a lualatex run resulted in an error that a file has
              not been found, and the file  is  given  without  an  extension.
              This   typically   happens  when  LaTeX  commands  of  the  form
              \input{file}  or  \includegraphics{figure},  when  the  relevant
              source file does not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified   by  the  variable  %pdflatex_input_extensions.   The
              default extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %lualatex_input_extensions.

       $lualatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for  the lualatex program (specified in the variable
              $lualatex) when silent mode is on.

              See details of the $latex_silent_switch  for  other  information
              that equally applies to $lualatex_silent_switch.

       $make ["make"]
              The make processing program.

       $makeindex ["makeindex %O -o %D %S"]
              The index processing program.

       $makeindex_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es)  for the index processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $max_repeat [5]
              The maximum number of  times  latexmk  will  run  latex/pdflatex
              before  deciding  that there may be an infinite loop and that it
              needs to bail out, rather than rerunning latex/pdflatex again to
              resolve  cross-references,  etc.   The  default value covers all
              normal cases.

              (Note that the "etc" covers a lot of  cases  where  one  run  of
              latex/pdflatex generates files to be read in on a later run.)



                                  25 May 2018                               41





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $MSWin_back_slash [1]
              This  configuration  variable only has an effect when latexmk is
              running under MS-Windows.  It determines whether, when a command
              is  executed  under  MS-Windows, there should be substituted "\"
              for the separator character between components  of  a  directory
              name.   Internally, latexmk uses "/" for the directory separator
              character, which is the character used by Unix-like systems.

              For many programs under MS-Windows, both "\" and "/" are accept-
              able  as  the  directory separator character.  But some programs
              only accept "\" on the command  line.   So  for  safety  latexmk
              makes  a  translation, by default.  It is conceivable that under
              certain situations this is undesirable, so the configuration can
              be changed.  (A possible example might be when some of the soft-
              ware is implemented using Cygwin,  which  provides  a  Unix-like
              environment inside MS-Windows.)

       $new_viewer_always [0]
              This  variable  applies  to  latexmk  only in continuous-preview
              mode.  If $new_viewer_always is 0, latexmk will check for a pre-
              viously  running  previewer on the same file, and if one is run-
              ning will not start a new one.  If  $new_viewer_always  is  non-
              zero,  this check will be skipped, and latexmk will behave as if
              no viewer is running.

       $out_dir [""]
              If non-blank, this variable specifies  the  directory  in  which
              output files are to be written by a run of (pdf)latex.  See also
              the variable $aux_dir.

              The effect of this variable  (when  non-blank)  is  achieved  by
              using  the  -output-directory option of (pdf)latex.  This exists
              in the usual current (Dec. 2011 and  later)  implementations  of
              TeX,  i.e.,  MiKTeX  and  TeXLive.  But it may not be present in
              other versions.

              If you also use the -cd option, and $out_dir (or $aux_dir)  con-
              tains  a relative path, then the path is interpreted relative to
              the document directory.

              Commonly, the directory specified for output files is  a  subdi-
              rectory of the current working directory.  However, if you spec-
              ify some other directory, e.g., "/tmp/foo"  or  "../output",  be
              aware  that  this  could cause problems, e.g., with makeindex or
              bibtex.  This is because modern versions of these  programs,  by
              default,  will refuse to work when they find that they are asked
              to write to a file in a directory that appears  not  to  be  the
              current working directory or one of its subdirectories.  This is
              part of security measures by the whole TeX system  that  try  to
              prevent malicious or errant TeX documents from incorrectly mess-
              ing with a user's files.  If for $out_dir or $aux_dir you really
              do  need to specify an absolute pathname (e.g., "/tmp/foo") or a
              path (e.g., "../output") that includes a higher-level directory,
              and  you  need  to  use  makeindex  or  bibtex, then you need to



                                  25 May 2018                               42





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              disable the security measures (and assume any risks).   One  way
              of doing this is to temporarily set an operating system environ-
              ment variable openout_any to "a" (as in "all"), to override  the
              default "paranoid" setting.

       $pdf_mode [0]
              If  zero,  do  NOT  generate  a pdf version of the document.  If
              equal to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using  pdfla-
              tex,  using the command specified by the $pdflatex variable.  If
              equal to 2, generate a pdf version of the document from  the  ps
              file,  by  using  the command specified by the $ps2pdf variable.
              If equal to 3, generate a pdf version of the document  from  the
              dvi  file,  by  using the command specified by the $dvipdf vari-
              able.  If equal to 4, generate a pdf  version  of  the  document
              using  lualatex,  using  the  command specified by the $lualatex
              variable.  If equal to 5, generate a pdf  version  (and  an  xdv
              version) of the document using xelatex, using the commands spec-
              ified by the $xelatex and xdvipdfmx variables.

              In $pdf_mode=2, it is ensured that dvi and  ps  files  are  also
              made.   In  $pdf_mode=3,  it  is ensured that a dvi file is also
              made.

       $pdflatex ["pdflatex %O %S"]
              The LaTeX processing program in a version that makes a pdf  file
              instead of a dvi file.

              An example use of this variable is to add certain options to the
              command line for the program, e.g.,

                   $pdflatex = "pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S";

              (In some earlier versions of  latexmk,  you  needed  to  use  an
              assignment  to $pdflatex to allow the use of lualatex or xelatex
              instead of pdflatex.  There are now separate configuration vari-
              ables  for  the  use  of lualatex or xelatex.  See $lualatex and
              $xelatex.)

       %pdflatex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that  a pdflatex run resulted in an error that a file has
              not been found, and the file  is  given  without  an  extension.
              This   typically   happens  when  LaTeX  commands  of  the  form
              \input{file}  or  \includegraphics{figure},  when  the  relevant
              source file does not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified   by  the  variable  %pdflatex_input_extensions.   The
              default extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %pdflatex_input_extensions.




                                  25 May 2018                               43





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $pdflatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for  the pdflatex program (specified in the variable
              $pdflatex) when silent mode is on.

              See details of the $latex_silent_switch  for  other  information
              that equally applies to $pdflatex_silent_switch.

       $pdf_previewer ["start acroread %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a pdf-previewer.

              On  MS-Windows,  the  default  is  changed to "cmd /c start """;
              under more recent versions of Windows, this will cause to be run
              whatever command the system has associated with .pdf files.  But
              this may be undesirable if this association is  to  acroread  --
              see the notes in the explanation of the -pvc option.]

              On  OS-X  the  default is changed to "open %S", which results in
              OS-X starting up (and detaching) the viewer associated with  the
              file.   By  default, for pdf files this association is to OS-X's
              preview, which is quite satisfactory.

              WARNING:  Problem under MS-Windows: if acroread is used  as  the
              pdf  previewer,  and  it is actually viewing a pdf file, the pdf
              file cannot be updated.  Thus makes acroread  a  bad  choice  of
              previewer  if you use latexmk's previous-continuous mode (option
              -pvc) under MS-windows.  This problem does  not  occur  if,  for
              example, SumatraPDF or gsview is used to view pdf files.

              Important  note:  Normally you will want to have a previewer run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate  before continuing its work.  So normally you should pre-
              fix the command by "start ", which  flags  to  latexmk  that  it
              should  do  the  detaching  of the previewer itself (by whatever
              method is appropriate to the operating system).   But  sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start "  bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.

       $pdf_update_command [""]
              When  the  pdf  previewer is set to be updated by running a com-
              mand, this is the command that is run.  See the information  for
              the variable $pdf_update_method.

       $pdf_update_method [1 under UNIX, 3 under MS-Windows]
              How  the  pdf  viewer  updates its display when the pdf file has
              changed. See the information on the variable  $dvi_update_method
              for the codes.  (Note that information needs be changed slightly
              so that for the value 4, to run a command to do the update,  the
              command  is  specified  by the variable $pdf_update_command, and
              for the value 2, to specify update  by  signal,  the  signal  is
              specified by $pdf_update_signal.)

              Note that acroread under MS-Windows (but not UNIX) locks the pdf
              file, so the default value is then 3.



                                  25 May 2018                               44





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Arranging to use a command to get a previewer explicitly updated
              requires three variables to be set.  For example:

                  $pdf_previewer = "start xpdf -remote %R %O %S";
                  $pdf_update_method = 4;
                  $pdf_update_command = "xpdf -remote %R -reload";

              The  first  setting  arranges for the xpdf program to be used in
              its "remote server mode", with the server name specified as  the
              rootname  of  the  TeX  file.   The  second setting arranges for
              updating to be done in response to a command, and the third set-
              ting sets the update command.

       $pdf_update_signal  [Under  UNIX:  SIGHUP,  which is a system-dependent
       value]
              The number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when  it
              is  updated  by  sending  a signal -- see the information on the
              variable $pdf_update_method.   The  default  value  is  the  one
              appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pid_position[1 under UNIX, -1 under MS-Windows]
              The  variable  $pid_position  is  used  to specify which word in
              lines of the output from $pscmd corresponds to the  process  ID.
              The  first word in the line is numbered 0.  The default value of
              1 (2nd word in line) is correct for Solaris 2.6, Linux, and OS-X
              with their default settings of $pscmd.

              Setting  the  variable  to -1 is used to indicate that $pscmd is
              not to be used.

       $postscript_mode [0]
              If nonzero, generate  a  postscript  version  of  the  document.
              Equivalent to the -ps option.

              If  some  other  request  is made for which a postscript file is
              needed, then $postscript_mode will be set to 1.

       $preview_continuous_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to view the document,  and  continue
              running latexmk to keep .dvi up-to-date.  Equivalent to the -pvc
              option.  Which previewer is run depends on the  other  settings,
              see the command line options -view=, and the variable $view.

       $preview_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to preview the document.  Equivalent
              to the -pv option.  Which previewer is run depends on the  other
              settings,  see the command line options -view=, and the variable
              $view.

       $printout_mode [0]
              If nonzero, print the document using the  command  specified  in
              the $lpr variable.  Equivalent to the -p option.  This is recom-
              mended not to be set from an RC file, otherwise you could  waste
              lots of paper.



                                  25 May 2018                               45





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $print_type = ["auto"]
              Type  of  file  to  printout:  possibilities  are "auto", "dvi",
              "none", "pdf", or "ps".   See the option -print= for the meaning
              of the "auto" value.

       $pscmd Command used to get all the processes currently run by the user.
              The -pvc option uses  the  command  specified  by  the  variable
              $pscmd  to  determine  if there is an already running previewer,
              and to find the process ID (needed if latexmk  needs  to  signal
              the previewer about file changes).

              Each line of the output of this command is assumed to correspond
              to one process.  See the  $pid_position  variable  for  how  the
              process number is determined.

              The  default  for  pscmd  is  "NONE" under MS-Windows and cygwin
              (i.e., the command is not used), "ps -ww  -u  $ENV{USER}"  under
              OS-X,  and  "ps  -f -u $ENV{USER}" under other operating systems
              (including Linux).  In these specifications "$ENV{USER}" is sub-
              stituted by the username.

       $ps2pdf ["ps2pdf %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert ps to pdf file.

       $ps_filter [empty]
              The postscript file filter to be run on the newly produced post-
              script file before other processing.  Equivalent  to  specifying
              the -pF option.

       $ps_previewer ["start gv %O %S", but start %O %S under MS-Windows]
              The  command  to  invoke a ps-previewer.  (The default under MS-
              Windows will cause to be run whatever  command  the  system  has
              associated with .ps files.)

              Note  that  gv  could be used with the -watch option updates its
              display whenever the postscript file changes, whereas  ghostview
              does  not.  However, different versions of gv have slightly dif-
              ferent ways of writing this  option.   You  can  configure  this
              variable appropriately.

              WARNING: Linux systems may have installed one (or more) versions
              of gv under different names, e.g.,  ggv,  kghostview,  etc,  but
              perhaps not one actually called gv.

              Important  note:  Normally you will want to have a previewer run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate  before continuing its work.  So normally you should pre-
              fix the command by "start ", which  flags  to  latexmk  that  it
              should  do  the  detaching  of the previewer itself (by whatever
              method is appropriate to the operating system).   But  sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start "  bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.




                                  25 May 2018                               46





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $ps_previewer_landscape  ["start gv -swap %O %S", but start %O %S under
       MS-Windows]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer in landscape mode.

       $ps_update_command [""]
              When the postscript previewer is set to be updated by running  a
              command,  this  is the command that is run.  See the information
              for the variable $ps_update_method.

       $ps_update_method [0 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How the postscript viewer updates its display when the  ps  file
              has    changed.    See   the   information   on   the   variable
              $dvi_update_method for the codes.  (Note that information  needs
              be changed slightly so that for the value 4, to run a command to
              do  the  update,  the  command  is  specified  by  the  variable
              $ps_update_command,  and  for  the value 2, to specify update by
              signal, the signal is specified by $ps_update_signal.)

       $ps_update_signal [Under UNIX:  SIGHUP,  which  is  a  system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal --  see  $ps_update_method.   The
              default value is the one appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pvc_timeout [0]
              If  this  variable  is  nonzero, there will be a  timeout in pvc
              mode after a period of inactivity.  Inactivity  means  a  period
              when  latexmk  has  detected  no  file changes and hence has not
              taken any actions like compiling the  document.  The  period  of
              inactivity is in the variable $pvc_timeout_mins.


       $pvc_timeout_mins [30]
              The period of inactivity, in minutes, after which pvc mode times
              out.  This is used if $pvc_timeout is nonzero.

       $pvc_view_file_via_temporary [1]
              The same as $always_view_file_via_temporary, except that it only
              applies in preview-continuous mode (-pvc option).

       $quote_filenames [1]
              This specifies whether substitutions for placeholders in command
              specifications  (as  in  $pdflatex)  are  surrounded  by  double
              quotes.   If this variable is 1 (or any other value Perl regards
              as true), then quoting is done.  Otherwise quoting is omitted.

              The quoting method used by latexmk is tested to  work  correctly
              under  UNIX systems (including Linux and Mac OS-X) and under MS-
              Windows.  It allows the  use  of  filenames  containing  special
              characters,  notably  spaces.   (But  note that many versions of
              latex and pdflatex cannot correctly deal with  TeX  files  whose
              names  contain spaces.  Latexmk's quoting only ensures that such
              filenames are correctly treated by the operating system in pass-
              ing arguments to programs.)



                                  25 May 2018                               47





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $recorder [1]
              Whether  to  use the -recorder option to latex and pdflatex. Use
              of this option results in a file of extension .fls containing  a
              list  of  the  files  that these programs have read and written.
              Latexmk will then use this file  to  improve  its  detection  of
              source  files and generated files after a run of latex or pdfla-
              tex.

              It is generally recommended to use this option (or to  configure
              the  $recorder  variable  to  be  on.)   But  it  only  works if
              (pdf)latex supports the -recorder option, which is true for most
              current implementations

              Note  about  the  name of the .fls file: Most implementations of
              (pdf)latex produce an .fls file with the same  basename  as  the
              main  document's LaTeX, e.g., for Document.tex, the .fls file is
              Document.fls.  However,  some  implementations  instead  produce
              files  named  for  the program, i.e., latex.fls or pdflatex.fls.
              In this second case, latexmk  copies  the  latex.fls  or  pdfla-
              tex.fls  to a file with the basename of the main LaTeX document,
              e.g., Document.fls.

       $search_path_separator [See below for default]
              The character separating paths in the environment variables TEX-
              INPUTS,  BIBINPUTS, and BSTINPUTS.  This variable is mainly used
              by latexmk when the -outdir, -output-directory, -auxdir,  and/or
              -aux-directory  options are used.  In that case latexmk needs to
              communicate  appropriately  modified  search  paths  to  bibtex,
              dvipdf, dvips, and (pdf)latex.

              [Comment  to technically savvy readers: (pdf)latex doesn't actu-
              ally need the modified search path.  But,  surprisingly,  dvipdf
              and  dvips do, because sometimes graphics files get generated in
              the output or aux directories.]

              The default under MSWin and Cygwin is ';'  and  under  UNIX-like
              operating  systems  (including Linux and OS-X) is ':'.  Normally
              the defaults give correct behavior.  But there can be  difficul-
              ties  if  your operating system is of one kind, but some of your
              software is running under an emulator  for  the  other  kind  of
              operating  system;  in that case you'll need to find out what is
              needed, and set $search_path_separator  explicitly.   (The  same
              goes,  of  course, for unusual operating systems that are not in
              the MSWin, Linux, OS-X, Unix collection.)

       $show_time [0]
              Whether to show CPU time used.

       $silence_logfile_warnings [0]
              Whether after a run of (pdf)latex to summarize warnings  in  the
              log  file  about  undefined  citations  and references.  Setting
              $silence_logfile_warnings=0 gives the summary of warnings  (pro-
              vided  silent mode isn't also set), and this is useful to locate
              undefined citations and references without searching through the



                                  25 May 2018                               48





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              much  more  verbose log file or the screen output of (pdf)latex.
              But the summary can also be excessively annoying.   The  default
              is  not  to  give  these  warnings.   The  command  line options
              -silence_logfile_warning_list and -silence_logfile_warning_list-
              also set this variable.

              Note  that multiple occurrences for the same undefined object on
              the same page and same line will be compressed to a single warn-
              ing.

       $silent [0]
              Whether  to  run  silently.   Setting  $silent to 1 has the same
              effect as the -quiet of -silent options on the command line.

       $sleep_time [2]
              The time to sleep (in seconds) between checking for source  file
              changes when running with the -pvc option.  This is subject to a
              minimum of one second delay, except  that  zero  delay  is  also
              allowed.

              A  value  of  exactly 0 gives no delay, and typically results in
              100% CPU usage, which may not be desirable.

       $texfile_search [""]
              This is an obsolete variable,  replaced  by  the  @default_files
              variable.

              For   backward   compatibility,  if  you  choose  to  set  $tex-
              file_search, it is a string of  space-separated  filenames,  and
              then latexmk replaces @default_files with the filenames in $tex-
              file_search to which is added "*.tex".

       $success_cmd [undefined]
              See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.

       $tmpdir [See below for default]
              Directory to store temporary files  that  latexmk  may  generate
              while running.

              The  default  under  MSWindows  (including  cygwin),  is  to set
              $tmpdir to the value of the first of  whichever  of  the  system
              environment  variables  TMPDIR  or TEMP exists, otherwise to the
              current directory.  Under other operating systems  (expected  to
              be  UNIX/Linux, including OS-X), the default is the value of the
              system environment  variable  TMPDIR  if  it  exists,  otherwise
              "/tmp".

       $use_make_for_missing_files [0]
              Whether to use make to try and make files that are missing after
              a run of latex or pdflatex, and for which  a  custom  dependency
              has  not been found.  This is generally useful only when latexmk
              is used as part of a bigger project which is built by using  the
              make program.




                                  25 May 2018                               49





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


              Note that once a missing file has been made, no further calls to
              make will be made on a subsequent run of latexmk to  update  the
              file.   Handling  this  problem is the job of a suitably defined
              Makefile.  See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for how  to
              do  this.   The intent of calling make from latexmk is merely to
              detect dependencies.

       $view ["default"]
              Which kind of file is to be previewed if a  previewer  is  used.
              The  possible  values  are  "default",  "dvi", "ps", "pdf".  The
              value of "default" means that the "highest" of the kinds of file
              generated is to be used (among dvi, ps and pdf).


       $warnings_as_errors [0]
              Normally  latexmk copies the behavior of latex in treating unde-
              fined references and citations and multiply  defined  references
              as  conditions  that give a warning but not an error.  The vari-
              able $warnings_as_errors controls whether this behavior is modi-
              fied.

              When  the  variable  is  non-zero, latexmk at the end of its run
              will return a non-zero status code to the  operating  system  if
              any  of  the files processed gives a warning about problems with
              citations or references (i.e., undefined citations or references
              or multiply defined references).  This is after latexmk has com-
              pleted all the runs it needs to try and resolve  references  and
              citations.    Thus   $warnings_as_errors  being  nonzero  causes
              latexmk to treat such warnings as errors,  but  only  when  they
              occur on the last run of (pdf)latex and only after processing is
              complete.  A non-zero value $warnings_as_errors can  be  set  by
              the command-line option -Werror.

              The default behavior is normally satisfactory in the usual edit-
              compile-edit cycle.  But, for example, latexmk can also be  used
              as  part  of  a build process for some bigger project, e.g., for
              creating documentation in the build of a  software  application.
              Then  it is often sensible to treat citation and reference warn-
              ings as errors that require the  overall  build  process  to  be
              aborted.   Of course, since multiple runs of (pdf)latex are gen-
              erally needed to resolve references and citations, what  matters
              is  not  the  warnings on the first run, but the warnings on the
              last run; latexmk takes this into account appropriately.

              In addition, when preview-continuous mode is  used,  a  non-zero
              value  for  $warnings_as_errors  changes the use of the commands
              $failure_cmd, $warning_cmd, and $success_cmd  after  a  complia-
              tion.  If there are citation or reference warnings, but no other
              errors, the behavior is as follows. If $warning_cmd is  set,  it
              is  used.  If it is not set, then then if $warnings_as_errors is
              non-zero and $failure_cmd is set, then $failure_cmd.   Otherwise
              $success_cmd  is used, if it is set.  (The foregoing explanation
              is rather complicated, because latexmk has to deal with the case
              that one or more of the commands isn't set.)



                                  25 May 2018                               50





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       $xdvipdfmx ["xdvipdfmx -o %D %O %S"]

              The  program  to  make a pdf file from an xdv file (used in con-
              junction with xelatex when $pdf_mode=5).

       $xdvipdfmx_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for the xdvipdfmx program when silent mode is on.

       $xelatex ["xelatex %O %S"]
              The LaTeX processing program of in a version that  makes  a  pdf
              file  instead  of a dvi file, when the xelatex program is called
              for.  See the documentation of the -xelatex option for some spe-
              cial properties of latexmk's use of xelatex.

       %xelatex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that an xelatex run resulted in an error that a  file  has
              not  been  found,  and  the  file is given without an extension.
              This  typically  happens  when  LaTeX  commands  of   the   form
              \input{file}  or  \includegraphics{figure},  when  the  relevant
              source file does not exist.

              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified  by  the  variable   %xelatex_input_extensions.    The
              default extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %xelatex_input_extensions.

       $xelatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the xelatex program (specified  in  the  variable
              $xelatex) when silent mode is on.

              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
              that equally applies to $xelatex_silent_switch.




CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In any RC file a set of custom dependencies can be set up to convert  a
       file with one extension to a file with another.  An example use of this
       would be to allow latexmk to convert a .fig file to .eps to be included
       in the .tex file.


   Defining a custom dependency:
       The old method of configuring latexmk to use a custom dependency was to
       directly manipulate the @cus_dep_list array that  contains  information
       defining  the  custom  dependencies.   (See  the section "Old Method of
       Defining Custom Dependencies" for details.) This  method  still  works,
       but is no longer preferred.




                                  25 May 2018                               51





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       A better method is to use the subroutines that allow convenient manipu-
       lations of the custom dependency list.  These are

           add_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension, must, subroutine )
           remove_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension )
           show_cus_dep()

       The arguments are as follows:

       from extension:
              The extension of the file we are converting from  (e.g.  "fig").
              It is specified without a period.

       to extension:
              The extension of the file we are converting to (e.g. "eps").  It
              is specified without a period.

       must:  If non-zero, the file from which we are converting  must  exist,
              if  it doesn't exist latexmk will give an error message and exit
              unless the -f option is specified.  If must is zero and the file
              we are converting from doesn't exist, then no action is taken.

       function:
              The  name  of the subroutine that latexmk should call to perform
              the file conversion.  The first argument to  the  subroutine  is
              the base name of the file to be converted without any extension.
              The subroutines are declared in the syntax of Perl.   The  func-
              tion  should  return 0 if it was successful and a nonzero number
              if it failed.


       Naturally add_cus_dep adds a custom dependency with the specified  from
       and  to extensions.  If a custom dependency has been previously defined
       (e.g., in an rcfile that was read earlier), then it is replaced by  the
       new one.

       The  subroutine remove_cus_dep removes the specified custom dependency.
       The subroutine show_cus_dep causes a list of the currently defined cus-
       tom dependencies to be sent to the screen output.


   How custom dependencies are used:
       A custom dependency rule is invoked whenever latexmk detects that a run
       of latex/pdflatex needs to read a file, like  a  graphics  file,  whose
       extension  is  the  to-extension  of a custom dependency.  Then latexmk
       examines whether a file exists with the same name, but with the  corre-
       sponding  from-extension,  as  specified in the custom-dependency rule.
       If it does, then the rule is invoked whenever the destination file (the
       one  with  the  to-extension) is out-of-date with respect to the corre-
       sponding source file.

       To make the new destination file, the Perl subroutine specified in  the
       rule is invoked, with an argument that is the base name of the files in
       question.  Simple cases just involve a subroutine invoking an  external



                                  25 May 2018                               52





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       program;  this  can  be  done by following the templates below, even by
       those without knowledge of the Perl programming language.   Of  course,
       experts could do something much more elaborate.

       One  other  item  in  the specification of each custom-dependency rule,
       labeled "must" above, specifies how the rule should be applied when the
       source file fails to exist.


   Function to implement custom dependency, traditional method:
       The  function  that implements a custom dependency gets the information
       on the files to be processed in two ways.  The first is through its one
       argument;  the argument contains the base name of the source and desti-
       nation files.  The second way is described later.

       A simple and typical example of code in an initialization rcfile  using
       the first method is:

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system( "fig2dev -Leps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" );
           }

       The  first  line  adds  a  custom  dependency that converts a file with
       extension "fig", as created by the xfig  program,  to  an  encapsulated
       postscript  file,  with  extension "eps".  The remaining lines define a
       subroutine that carries out the conversion.  If a rule  for  converting
       "fig"  to  "eps"  files already exists (e.g., from a previously read-in
       initialization file), the latexmk will delete this rule  before  making
       the new one.

       Suppose  latexmk  is  using this rule to convert a file "figure.fig" to
       "figure.eps".  Then it will invoke the fig2eps  subroutine  defined  in
       the  above  code with a single argument "figure", which is the basename
       of each of the files (possibly with a path component).   This  argument
       is  referred to by Perl as $_[0].  In the example above, the subroutine
       uses the Perl command system to invoke the program fig2dev.  The double
       quotes around the string are a Perl idiom that signify that each string
       of the form of a variable name, $_[0] in this case, is  to  be  substi-
       tuted by its value.

       If  the  return  value of the subroutine is non-zero, then latexmk will
       assume an error occurred during the execution of  the  subroutine.   In
       the  above  example, no explicit return value is given, and instead the
       return value is the value returned by the last  (and  only)  statement,
       i.e., the invocation of system, which returns the value 0 on success.

       If  you use pdflatex instead of latex, then you will probably prefer to
       convert your graphics files to pdf format,  in  which  case  you  would
       replace the above code in an initialization file by

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'pdf, 0, 'fig2pdf' );
           sub fig2pdf {
               system( "fig2dev -Lpdf \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].pdf\"" );



                                  25 May 2018                               53





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


           }

       Note  1: In the command lines given in the system commands in the above
       examples, double quotes  have  been  inserted  around  the  file  names
       (implemented  by '\"' in the Perl language).  They immunize the running
       of the program against special characters  in  filenames.   Very  often
       these  quotes  are not necessary, i.e., they can be omitted.  But it is
       normally safer to keep them in.  Even though the rules for quoting vary
       between  operating  systems,  command  shells  and individual pieces of
       software, the quotes in the above examples do not cause problems in the
       cases I have tested.

       Note  2:  One  case in which the quotes are important is when the files
       are in a subdirectory and your operating system is  Microsoft  Windows.
       Then  the  separator character for directory components can be either a
       forward slash '/' or Microsoft's more usual backward slash  '\'.   For-
       ward  slashes  are  generated  by  latexmk, to maintain its sanity from
       software like MiKTeX that mixes both directory  separators;  but  their
       correct use normally requires quoted filenames.  (See a log file from a
       run of MiKTeX (at least in v. 2.9) for an example of the  use  of  both
       directory separators.)

       Note  3:  The subroutines implementing custom dependencies in the exam-
       ples given just have  a  single  line  invoking  an  external  program.
       That's  the usual situation.  But since the subroutines are in the Perl
       language, you can implement much more  complicated  processing  if  you
       need it.


   Removing custom dependencies, and when you might need to do this:
       If  you  have some general custom dependencies defined in the system or
       user initialization file, you may find that for  a  particular  project
       they  are  undesirable.  So you might want to delete the unneeded ones.
       A situation where this would be desirable is where there  are  multiple
       custom  dependencies with the same from-extension or the same to-exten-
       sion. In that case, latexmk might choose a different one from  the  one
       you want for a specific project.  As an example, to remove any "fig" to
       "eps" rule you would use:

           remove_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps' );

       If you have complicated sets of custom dependencies, you  may  want  to
       get  a  listing  of the custom dependencies.  This is done by using the
       line

           show_cus_dep();

       in an initialization file.


   Function implementing custom dependency, alternative methods:
       So far the examples for functions to implement custom dependencies have
       used the argument of the function to specify the base name of converted
       file.  This method has  been  available  since  very  old  versions  of



                                  25 May 2018                               54





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       latexmk, and many examples can be found, e.g., on the web.

       However  in  later  versions  of  latexmk the internal structure of the
       implementation of its "rules" for the steps  of  processing,  including
       custom  dependencies,  became  much more powerful.  The function imple-
       menting a custom dependency is executed within a special context  where
       a number of extra variables and subroutines are defined.  Publicly doc-
       umented ones, intended to be long-term stable, are listed below,  under
       the heading "Variables and subroutines for processing a rule".

       Examples  of  their  use is given in the following examples, concerning
       multiple index files and glossaries.

       The only index-file conversion built-in to latexmk is  from  an  ".idx"
       file  written on one run of latex/pdflatex to an ".ind" file to be read
       in on a subsequent run.  But with the index.sty package,  for  example,
       you  can  create  extra  indexes  with  extensions  that you configure.
       Latexmk does not know how to deduce the extensions from the information
       it  has.  But you can easily write a custom dependency.  For example if
       your latex file uses the command  "\newindex{special}{ndx}{nnd}{Special
       index}"  you  will need to get latexmk to convert files with the exten-
       sion .ndx to .nnd.  The most elementary method is to  define  a  custom
       dependency as follows:

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'ndx2nnd' );
           sub ndx2nnd {
               return system( "makeindex -o \"$_[0].nnd\" \"$_[0].ndx\"" );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd';

       Notice  the  added line compared with earlier examples.  The extra line
       gets the extensions "ndx" and "nnd" added to the list of extensions for
       generated files; then the extra index files will be deleted by clean-up
       operations

       But if you have yet more indexes with yet different  extensions,  e.g.,
       "adx"  and  "and", then you will need a separate function for each pair
       of extensions.  This is quite annoying.   You  can  use  the  Run_subst
       function to simplify the definitions to use a single function:

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           add_cus_dep( 'adx', 'and', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           sub dx2nd {
               return Run_subst( "makeindex -o %D %S" );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd', 'adx', 'and';

       You could also instead use

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           add_cus_dep( 'adx', 'and', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           sub dx2nd {
               return Run_subst( $makeindex );
           }



                                  25 May 2018                               55





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd', 'adx', 'and';

       This  last example uses the command specification in $makeindex, and so
       any customization you have made for the standard index also applies  to
       your extra indexes.

       Similar techniques can be applied for glossaries.

       Those of you with experience with Makefiles, may get concerned that the
       .ndx file is written during a run of latex/pdflatex and is always later
       than  the  .nnd  last read in.  Thus the .nnd appears to be perpetually
       out-of-date.  This situation, of circular dependencies, is  endemic  to
       latex, and is one of the issues that latexmk is programmed to overcome.
       It examines the contents of the files (by use of a checksum), and  only
       does a remake when the file contents have actually changed.

       Of  course  if you choose to write random data to the .nnd (or the .aux
       file, etc) that changes on each new run, then you will have a  problem.
       For  real experts: See the %hash_cal_ignore_pattern if you have to deal
       with such problems.


   Old Method of Defining Custom Dependencies:
       In much older versions of latexmk, the only method of  defining  custom
       dependencies  was  to directly manipulate the table of custom dependen-
       cies.  This is contained in the @cus_dep_list array.  It is an array of
       strings,  and each string in the array has four items in it, each sepa-
       rated by a space, the  from-extension,  the  to-extension,  the  "must"
       item,  and the name of the subroutine for the custom dependency.  These
       were all defined above.

       An example of the old method of defining custom dependencies is as fol-
       lows.  It  is  the code in an RC file to ensure automatic conversion of
       .fig files to .eps files:

           push @cus_dep_list, "fig eps 0 fig2eps";
           sub fig2eps {
               return system( "fig2dev -Lps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" );
           }

       This method still works, and is almost equivalent  to  the  code  given
       earlier  that used the add_cus_dep subroutine.  However, the old method
       doesn't delete any previous custom-dependency for the same  conversion.
       So the new method is preferable.



ADVANCED CONFIGURATION: Some extra resources and advanced tricks
       For  most purposes, simple configuration for latexmk along the lines of
       the examples given is sufficient.  But  sometimes  you  need  something
       harder.   In this section, I indicate some extra possibilities.  Gener-
       ally to use these, you need to be fluent in the  Perl  language,  since
       this is what is used in the rc files.




                                  25 May 2018                               56





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       See  also the section DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC.  See also the
       examples in the directory example_rcfiles in the latexmk distributions.
       Even if none of the examples apply to your case, they may give you use-
       ful ideas


   Variables and subroutines for processing a rule
       A step in the processing is called a rule. One possibility to implement
       the  processing  of a rule is by a Perl subroutine.  This is always the
       case for custom dependencies. Also, for any other rule, you can  use  a
       subroutine  by  prefixing the command specification by the word "inter-
       nal" -- see the section FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS.

       When you use a subroutine for processing a rule, all the  possibilities
       of  Perl  programming  are  available, of course.  In addition, some of
       latexmk's internal variables and subroutines are available.   The  ones
       listed  below  are  intended  to  be available to (advanced) users, and
       their specifications will generally have stability under upgrades. Gen-
       erally,  the  variables  should be treated as read-only: Changing their
       values can have bad consequences, since it is liable  to  mess  up  the
       consistency of what latexmk is doing.

       $rule  This  variable  has  the  name of the rule, as known to latexmk.
              Note that the exact contents of this variable for a  given  rule
              may be dependent on the version of latexmk

       $$Psource
              This gives the name of the primary source file.  Note the double
              dollar signs.

       $$Pdest
              This gives the name of the main output file if  any.   Note  the
              double dollar signs.

       rdb_ensure_file( $rule, file )
              This  a subroutine that ensures that the given file is among the
              source files for the specified rule.  It is typically used when,
              during  the  processing of a rule, it is known that a particular
              extra file is among the dependencies that latexmk  should  know,
              but its default methods don't find the dependency. Almost always
              the first argument is the name of the rule currently being  pro-
              cessed, so it is then appropriate to specify it by $rule.

              For  examples of its use, see some of the files in the directory
              example_rcfiles of latexmk's distribution.  Currently the  cases
              that   use   this   subroutine   are  bib2gls-latexmkrc,  excel-
              tex_latexmkrc and texinfo-latexmkrc.  These  illustrate  typical
              cases  where latexmk's normal processing fails to detect certain
              extra source files.

       rdb_remove_files( $rule, file, ... )
              This subroutine removes one or more files  from  the  dependency
              list for the given rule.




                                  25 May 2018                               57





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       rdb_list_source( $rule )
              This  subroutine  returns  the  list  of source files (i.e., the
              dependency list) for the given rule.

       rdb_set_source( $rule, file, ... )

       rdb_set_source( $rule, @files )
              This subroutine sets the dependency list for the given  rule  to
              be the specified files.  Files that are already in the list have
              unchanged information.  Files that were  not  in  the  list  are
              added to it.  Files in the previous dependency list that are not
              in the newly specified list of files are removed from the depen-
              dency list.

       Run_subst( command_spec )
              This subroutine runs the command specified by command_spec.  The
              specification is a string in the format listed  in  the  section
              "Format  of Command Specifications".  An important action of the
              Run_subst is to make substitutions of placeholders, e.g., %S and
              %D  for  source  and  destination  files;  these get substituted
              before the command is run.  In addition, the command after  sub-
              stitution  is printed to the screen unless latexmk is running in
              silent mode.


   Advanced configuration: Using latexmk with make
       This section is targeted only at advanced users who use the  make  pro-
       gram for complex projects, as for software development, with the depen-
       dencies specified by a Makefile.

       Now the basic task of latexmk is to run  the  appropriate  programs  to
       make  a  viewable version of a LaTeX document.  However, the usual make
       program is not suited to this purpose for at least two reasons.   First
       is that the use of LaTeX involves circular dependencies (e.g., via .aux
       files), and these cannot be handled by the standard make program.  Sec-
       ond  is  that  in  a  large document the set of source files can change
       quite frequently, particularly with included graphics  files;  in  this
       situation  keeping  a  Makefile  manually  updated is inappropriate and
       error-prone, especially when the dependencies can be  determined  auto-
       matically.  Latexmk solves both of these problems robustly.

       Thus  for  many  standard LaTeX documents latexmk can be used by itself
       without the make program.  In a complex project it simply needs  to  be
       suitably  configured.  A standard configuration would be to define cus-
       tom dependencies to make graphics files from their source files  (e.g.,
       as  created  by  the  xfig program).  Custom dependencies are latexmk's
       equivalent of pattern rules in Makefiles.

       Nevertheless there are projects for which a  Makefile  is  appropriate,
       and it is useful to know how to use latexmk from a Makefile.  A typical
       example would be to generate  documentation  for  a  software  project.
       Potentially  the interaction with the rest of the rules in the Makefile
       could be quite complicated, for example if some of the source files for
       a LaTeX document are generated by the project's software.



                                  25 May 2018                               58





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       In this section, I give a couple of examples of how latexmk can be use-
       fully invoked from a Makefile.  The examples use specific  features  of
       current  versions  of  GNU make, which is the default on both linux and
       OS-X systems.  They may need modifications for other versions of make.

       The simplest method is simply to delegate all  the  relevant  tasks  to
       latexmk, as is suitable for a straightforward LaTeX document.  For this
       a suitable Makefile is like

           .PHONY : FORCE_MAKE
           all : try.pdf
           %.pdf : %.tex FORCE_MAKE
               latexmk -pdf -dvi- -ps- $<

       (Note: the last line must be introduced by a tab for  the  Makefile  to
       function  correctly!)  Naturally, if making try.pdf from its associated
       LaTeX file try.tex were the only task to be performed, a direct use  of
       latexmk  without  a  Makefile would normally be better.  The benefit of
       using a Makefile for a LaTeX document would be  in  a  larger  project,
       where lines such as the above would be only be a small part of a larger
       Makefile.

       The above example has a pattern rule for making a .pdf file from a .tex
       file,  and it is defined to use latexmk in the obvious way.  There is a
       conventional  default  target  named  "all",  with  a  prerequisite  of
       try.pdf.   So  when  make is invoked, by default it makes try.pdf.  The
       only complication is  that  there  may  be  many  source  files  beyond
       try.tex, but these aren't specified in the Makefile, so changes in them
       will not by themselves cause latexmk to be invoked.  Instead, the  pat-
       tern  rule is equipped with a "phony" prerequisite FORCE_MAKE; this has
       the effect of causing the  rule  to  be  always  out-of-date,  so  that
       latexmk  is  always run.  It is latexmk that decides whether any action
       is needed, e.g., a rerun of pdflatex.  Effectively the  Makefile  dele-
       gates all decisions to latexmk, while make has no knowledge of the list
       of source files except for primary LaTeX file for  the   document.   If
       there  are,  for example, graphics files to be made, these must be made
       by custom dependencies configured in latexmk.

       But something better is needed  in  more  complicated  situations,  for
       example,  when  the  making  of graphics files needs to be specified by
       rules in the Makefile.  To do this, one can use  a  Makefile  like  the
       following:

            TARGETS = document1.pdf document2.pdf
            DEPS_DIR = .deps
            LATEXMK = latexmk -recorder -use-make -deps \
                  -e 'warn qq(In Makefile, turn off custom dependencies\n);' \
                  -e '@cus_dep_list = ();' \
                  -e 'show_cus_dep();'
            all : $(TARGETS)
            $(foreach file,$(TARGETS),$(eval -include $(DEPS_DIR)/$(file)P))
            $(DEPS_DIR) :
                   mkdir $@
            %.pdf : %.tex



                                  25 May 2018                               59





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


                   if [ ! -e $(DEPS_DIR) ]; then mkdir $(DEPS_DIR); fi
                   $(LATEXMK) -pdf -dvi- -ps- -deps-out=$(DEPS_DIR)/$@P $<
            %.pdf : %.fig
                   fig2dev -Lpdf $< $@

       (Again,  the  lines  containing  the  commands  for the rules should be
       started with tabs.)  This example was inspired by how GNU automake han-
       dles automatic dependency tracking of C source files.

       After  each  run of latexmk, dependency information is put in a file in
       the .deps subdirectory.  The Makefile causes these dependency files  to
       be read by make, which now has the full dependency information for each
       target .pdf file.  To make things less trivial it  is  specificed  that
       two  files document1.pdf and document2.pdf are the targets.  The depen-
       dency files are .deps/document1.pdfP and .deps/document2.pdfP.

       There is now no need for the phony prerequisite for the  rule  to  make
       .pdf files from .tex files.  But I have added a rule to make .pdf files
       from .fig files produced by the xfig program; these are  commonly  used
       for  graphics  insertions  in  LaTeX documents.  Latexmk is arranged to
       output a dependency file after each run.  It  is  given  the  -recorder
       option, which improves its detection of files generated during a run of
       pdflatex; such files should not be in  the  dependency  list.   The  -e
       options  are  used to turn off all custom dependencies, and to document
       this.  Instead the -use-make is used to delegate the making of  missing
       files to make itself.

       Suppose  in  the LaTeX file there is a command \includegraphics{graph},
       and an xfig file "graph.fig" exists.  On a first run, pdflatex  reports
       a  missing  file, named "graph". Latexmk succeeds in making "graph.pdf"
       by calling "make graph.pdf", and after completion of its work, it lists
       "fig.pdf" among the dependents of the file latexmk is making.  Then let
       "fig.fig" be updated, and then let make be  run.   Make  first  remakes
       "fig.pdf", and only then reruns latexmk.

       Thus  we  now  have  a method by which all the subsidiary processing is
       delegated to make.


SEE ALSO
       latex(1), bibtex(1), lualatex(1), pdflatex(1), xelatex(1).

BUGS
       Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file after
       its  creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work around:
       manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other preview-
       ers and update methods.

       (The  following  isn't  really a bug, but concerns features of preview-
       ers.)  Preview continuous mode only works perfectly with  certain  pre-
       viewers:  Xdvi  on  UNIX/Linux  works  for dvi files.  Gv on UNIX/Linux
       works for both postscript and pdf.  Ghostview  on  UNIX/Linux  needs  a
       manual  update (reopen); it views postscript and pdf.  Gsview under MS-
       Windows works for both postscript and pdf, but only reads  the  updated



                                  25 May 2018                               60





LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


       file  when  its  screen  is refreshed.  Acroread under UNIX/Linux views
       pdf, but the file needs to be closed and reopened to  view  an  updated
       version.   Under  MS-Windows,  acroread locks its input file and so the
       pdf file cannot be updated.  (Remedy: configure latexmk  to  use  suma-
       trapdf instead.)

THANKS TO
       Authors  of  previous  versions.   Many  users with their feedback, and
       especially David Coppit (username david at node  coppit.org)  who  made
       many  useful  suggestions  that  contributed  to version 3, and Herbert
       Schulz.  (Please note that the e-mail  addresses  are  not  written  in
       their standard form to avoid being harvested too easily.)

AUTHOR
       Current  version,  by  John  Collins  (username  jcc8 at node psu.edu).
       (Version 4.56).

       Released     version     can      be      obtained      from      CTAN:
       <http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latexmk/>,   and  from  the  author's  website
       <http://www.personal.psu.edu/jcc8/latexmk/>.
       Modifications and enhancements by Evan McLean (Version 2.0)
       Original script called "go" by David J. Musliner (RCS Version 3.2)



































                                  25 May 2018                               61