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<div class="maketitle">
<div class="minipage"><a
id="top"></a>
</div>
<h2 class="titleHead">probsoln v3.04: creating problem
sheets optionally with solutions</h2>
<div class="author" ><span
class="ec-lmr-12x-x-120">Nicola L.C. Talbot</span>
<br /> <span
class="ec-lmr-12x-x-120">School of Computing Sciences</span>
<br /> <span
class="ec-lmr-12x-x-120">University of East Anglia</span>
<br /> <span
class="ec-lmr-12x-x-120">Norwich. Norfolk</span>
<br /> <span
class="ec-lmr-12x-x-120">NR4 7TJ. United Kingdom.</span>
<br /><a
href="http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~nlct/" class="url" ><span
class="ec-lmtt-12x-x-120">http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~nlct/</span></a></div><br />
<div class="date" ><span
class="ec-lmr-12x-x-120">2012-08-23</span></div>
</div>
<h3 class="likesectionHead"><a
id="x1-1000"></a>Contents</h3>
<div class="tableofcontents">
<span class="sectionToc" >1 <a
href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">Introduction</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a
href="#x1-30002" id="QQ2-1-3">Package Options</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a
href="#x1-40003" id="QQ2-1-4">Verbatim</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >4 <a
href="#x1-50004" id="QQ2-1-5">Showing and Hiding Solutions</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >5 <a
href="#x1-60005" id="QQ2-1-6">General Formatting Commands</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >6 <a
href="#x1-70006" id="QQ2-1-7">Defining a Problem</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >7 <a
href="#x1-80007" id="QQ2-1-8">Using a Problem</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >8 <a
href="#x1-90008" id="QQ2-1-9">Loading Problems From External Files</a></span>
<br />  <span class="subsectionToc" >8.1 <a
href="#x1-100008.1" id="QQ2-1-10">Randomly Selecting Problems Not Selected in Previous Documents</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >9 <a
href="#x1-110009" id="QQ2-1-11">Iterating Through Datasets</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >10 <a
href="#x1-1200010" id="QQ2-1-12">Random Number Generator</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >11 <a
href="#x1-1300011" id="QQ2-1-13">Compatibility With Versions Prior to 3.0</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" ><a
href="#Q1-1-14">Index</a></span>
</div>
<!--l. 40--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1 </span> <a
id="x1-20001"></a>Introduction</h3>
<!--l. 41--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">probsoln </span>package is designed for teachers or lecturers who want to
create problem sheets for their students. This package was designed with
mathematics problems in mind, but can be used for other subjects as well. The
idea is to create a file containing a large number of problems with their
solutions which can be read in by <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, and then select a number of
problems to typeset. This means that once the database has been set up,
each year you can easily create a new problem sheet that is sufficiently
different from the previous year, thus preventing the temptation of current
students seeking out the previous year’s students, and checking out their
answers. There is also an option that can be passed to the package
to determine whether or not the solutions should be printed. In this
way, one file can either produce the student’s version or the teacher’s
version.
</p><!--l. 56--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 56--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2 </span> <a
id="x1-30002"></a>Package Options</h3>
<!--l. 57--><p class="noindent" >The following options may be passed to this package:
</p><dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmssbx-10x-x-109">answers</span><a
id="dx1-3001"></a> </dt><dd
class="description">Show the answers
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmssbx-10x-x-109">noanswers</span><a
id="dx1-3002"></a> </dt><dd
class="description">Don’t show the answers (default)
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmssbx-10x-x-109">draft</span><a
id="dx1-3003"></a> </dt><dd
class="description">Display the label and dataset name when a problem is used
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmssbx-10x-x-109">final</span><a
id="dx1-3004"></a> </dt><dd
class="description">Don’t display label and dataset name when a problem is used
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmssbx-10x-x-109">usedefaultargs</span><a
id="dx1-3005"></a> </dt><dd
class="description">Make <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\thisproblem</span><a
id="dx1-3006"></a> use the default arguments supplied in
the problem definition.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmssbx-10x-x-109">nousedefaultargs</span><a
id="dx1-3007"></a> </dt><dd
class="description">Make <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\thisproblem</span><a
id="dx1-3008"></a> prompt for problem arguments
(default).</dd></dl>
<!--l. 69--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 69--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3 </span> <a
id="x1-40003"></a>Verbatim</h3>
<!--l. 71--><p class="noindent" >As from version 3.02, problems and solutions may contain verbatim text, but
you must use the <a
id="dx1-4001"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fragile </span>(or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fragile=true</span>) option for the associated
environments.
</p><!--l. 75--><p class="indent" > Alternatively, if most of your problems contain verbatim, you can globally set
this option using:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
\setkeys{probsoln}{fragile}
</div>
<!--l. 79--><p class="nopar" > You can switch off this option using <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fragile=false</span>.
</p><!--l. 82--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fragile </span>option writes information to a temporary file. This defaults to
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\jobname.vrb</span></span></span> but the name may be changed. The extension (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.vrb</span></span></span>) is given
by:
</p><!--l. 85--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\ProbSolnFragileExt</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-4002"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ProbSolnFragileExt </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 87--><p class="noindent" >
The base name (<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\jobname</span>) is given by:
</p><!--l. 89--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\ProbSolnFragileFile</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-4003"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ProbSolnFragileFile </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 91--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 93--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 93--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4 </span> <a
id="x1-50004"></a>Showing and Hiding Solutions</h3>
<!--l. 95--><p class="noindent" >In addition to the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">answers</span><a
id="dx1-5001"></a> and <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">noanswers</span><a
id="dx1-5002"></a> package options, it is also possible to
show or suppress the solutions using
</p><!--l. 98--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\showanswers</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-5003"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\showanswers </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 100--><p class="noindent" >
and
</p><!--l. 102--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\hideanswers</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-5004"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\hideanswers </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 104--><p class="noindent" >
respectively.
</p><!--l. 107--><p class="indent" > The boolean variable <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">showanswers</span><a
id="dx1-5005"></a> determines whether the answers should be
displayed. You can use this value with the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">ifthen</span><a
id="dx1-5006"></a> package to specify
different text depending on whether the solutions should be displayed. For
example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
Assignment 1\ifthenelse{\boolean{showanswers}}{ (Solution Sheet)}{}
</div>
<!--l. 113--><p class="nopar" > Alternatively you can use <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ifshowanswers</span><a
id="dx1-5007"></a>…<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\else</span>…<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\fi</span>:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
Assignment 1\ifshowanswers\space (Solution Sheet)\fi
</div>
<!--l. 118--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 120--><p class="indent" > For longer passages, you can use the environments
</p><!--l. 121--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">onlyproblem</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-5008"></a><a
id="dx1-5009"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\begin{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">onlyproblem</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">option</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">] </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 123--><p class="noindent" >
and
</p><!--l. 125--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">onlysolution</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-5010"></a><a
id="dx1-5011"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\begin{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">onlysolution</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">option</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">] </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 127--><p class="noindent" >
For example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
\begin{onlyproblem}%
 <br />What is the derivative of $f(x) = x^2$?
 <br />\end{onlyproblem}%
 <br />\begin{onlysolution}%
 <br />$f’(x) = 2x$
 <br />\end{onlysolution}
</div>
<!--l. 136--><p class="nopar" > The above will only display the question if <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">showanswers</span><a
id="dx1-5012"></a> is false and will only
display the solution if <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">showanswers</span><a
id="dx1-5013"></a> is true. If you want the question to appear in
the answer sheet as well as the solution, then don’t put the question in the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlyproblem</span><a
id="dx1-5014"></a><a
id="dx1-5015"></a> environment:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
What is the derivative of $f(x) = x^2$?
 <br />\begin{onlysolution}%
 <br />Solution: $f’(x) = 2x$
 <br />\end{onlysolution}
</div>
<!--l. 147--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 149--><p class="indent" > <div class="important" title="Important Note"> If you want to include verbatim text in the body of <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlyproblem</span><a
id="dx1-5016"></a><a
id="dx1-5017"></a> or
<span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlysolution</span><a
id="dx1-5018"></a><a
id="dx1-5019"></a>, you need to specify <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fragile </span>in the optional argument of the
environment. (See <a
href="#x1-40003">§3 </a><a
href="#x1-40003">Verbatim<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:verbatim --></a> for further details.) </div>
</p><!--l. 154--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 156--><p class="indent" > If you use <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlysolution </span>within the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem</span><a
id="dx1-5020"></a><a
id="dx1-5021"></a> environment, the problem will
be tagged as having a solution and will be added to the list used by
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachsolution</span><a
id="dx1-5022"></a>. The optional argument of <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlysolution </span>(and <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlyproblem</span><a
id="dx1-5023"></a><a
id="dx1-5024"></a>) is
inherited from the parent <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem</span><a
id="dx1-5025"></a><a
id="dx1-5026"></a> setting.
</p><!--l. 162--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 162--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5 </span> <a
id="x1-60005"></a>General Formatting Commands</h3>
<!--l. 164--><p class="noindent" >The commands and environments described in this section are provided to assist
formatting problems and their solutions.
</p><!--l. 166--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">solution</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-6001"></a><a
id="dx1-6002"></a> <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\begin{solution}</span></span></span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">text</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\end{solution}</span></span></span> </div><hr>
</p><!--l. 168--><p class="noindent" >
By default, this is equivalent to <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
<br /><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\par\noindent\textbf{\solutionname}:</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span></span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">text</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>
<br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
where <span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\solutionname</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-6003"></a><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\solutionname </span>defaults to “Solution”. Note that you
must place the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">solution</span><a
id="dx1-6004"></a><a
id="dx1-6005"></a> environment inside the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlysolution </span>environment or
between <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ifshowanswers</span><a
id="dx1-6006"></a>…<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\fi </span>to ensure that it is suppressed when the solutions
are not wanted. (See <a
href="#x1-50004">§4 </a><a
href="#x1-50004">Showing and Hiding Solutions<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:showanswers --></a>.)
</p><!--l. 181--><p class="indent" > Note that the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">probsoln </span>package will only define the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">solution</span><a
id="dx1-6007"></a><a
id="dx1-6008"></a> environment if it
is not already defined.
</p><!--l. 184--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">textenum</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-6009"></a><a
id="dx1-6010"></a> <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\begin{textenum}</span></span></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">…</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\end{textenum}</span></span></span> </div><hr>
</p><!--l. 186--><p class="noindent" >
The <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">textenum </span>environment is like the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">enumerate</span><a
id="dx1-6011"></a><a
id="dx1-6012"></a> environment but is in-line. It
uses the same counter that the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">enumerate </span>environment would use at that level
so the question can be compact but the answer can use <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">enumerate </span>instead. For
example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
\begin{onlyproblem}%
 <br />  Differentiate the following:
 <br />  \begin{textenum}
 <br />    \item $f(x)=2^x$; \item $f(x)=\cot(x)$
 <br />  \end{textenum}
 <br />\end{onlyproblem}
 <br />\begin{onlysolution}
 <br />  \begin{enumerate}
 <br />  \item
 <br />    \begin{align*}
 <br />    f(x) &= 2^x = \exp(\ln(x^2)) =\exp(2\ln(x))\\
 <br />    f’(x) &= \exp(2\ln(x))\times \frac{2}{x}\\
 <br />      &= f(x)\frac{2}{x}
 <br />    \end{align*}
 <br />  \item
 <br />    \begin{align*}
 <br />    f(x) &= \cot(x) = (\tan(x))^{-2}\\
 <br />    f’(x) &= -(\tan(x))^{-2}\times\sec^2(x)\\
 <br />    &=-\csc^2x
 <br />    \end{align*}
 <br />  \end{enumerate}
 <br />\end{onlysolution}
</div>
<!--l. 215--><p class="nopar" > In this example, the items in the question are brief, so an <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">enumerate</span><a
id="dx1-6013"></a><a
id="dx1-6014"></a>
environment would result in a lot of unnecessary white space, but the answers
require more space, so an <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">enumerate </span>environment is more appropriate. Since the
<span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">textenum </span>environment uses the same counters as the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">enumerate </span>environment, the
question and answer sheets use consistent labelling. Note that there are other
packages available on CTAN that you can use to create in-line lists. Check the
<a
href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/bytopic.html#enumeration" >TeX Catalogue</a> for further details.
</p><!--l. 227--><p class="indent" > <span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\correctitem</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-6015"></a><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\incorrectitem</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-6016"></a>
</p><!--l. 229--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\correctitem</span><br
class="newline" /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\incorrectitem </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 231--><p class="noindent" >
You can use the commands <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\correctitem </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\incorrectitem </span>in place of
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\item</span><a
id="dx1-6017"></a>. If the solutions are suppressed, these commands behave in the same way
as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\item</span>, otherwise they format the item label using one of the commands:
<span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\correctitemformat</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-6018"></a><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\incorrectitemformat</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-6019"></a>
</p><!--l. 238--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\correctitemformat{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}</span><br
class="newline" /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\incorrectitemformat{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 240--><p class="noindent" >
For example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
Under which of the following functions does $S=\{a_1,a_2\}$
 <br />become a probability space?
 <br />\begin{enumerate}
 <br />\incorrectitem $P(a_1)=\frac{1}{3}$, $P(a_2)=\frac{1}{2}$
 <br />\correctitem $P(a_1)=\frac{3}{4}$, $P(a_2)=\frac{1}{4}$
 <br />\correctitem $P(a_1)=1$, $P(a_2)=0$
 <br />\incorrectitem $P(a_1)=\frac{5}{4}$, $P(a_2)=-\frac{1}{4}$
 <br />\end{enumerate}
</div>
<!--l. 251--><p class="nopar" > The default definition of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\correctitemformat </span>puts a frame around the
label.
</p><!--l. 255--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 255--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6 </span> <a
id="x1-70006"></a>Defining a Problem</h3>
<!--l. 257--><p class="noindent" >It is possible to construct a problem sheet with solutions using the commands
described in the previous sections, however it is also possible to define a set of
problems for later use. In this way you can create an external file containing
many problems some or all of which can be loaded and used in a document. The
<span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">probsoln </span>package has a default data set labelled “default” in which you can
store problems. Alternatively, you can create multiple data sets. You
can then iterate through each problem in a problem set. You can use a
previously defined problem more than once, which means that by judicious
use of <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlyproblem</span><a
id="dx1-7001"></a><a
id="dx1-7002"></a>, <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlysolution</span><a
id="dx1-7003"></a><a
id="dx1-7004"></a> or the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">showanswers</span><a
id="dx1-7005"></a> boolean variable
in conjunction with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\showanswers</span><a
id="dx1-7006"></a> and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\hideanswers</span><a
id="dx1-7007"></a>, you can print
the solutions in a different location to the questions (for example in an
appendix).
</p><!--l. 272--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">defproblem</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-7008"></a><a
id="dx1-7009"></a> <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\begin{defproblem}</span></span></span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">][</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">default args</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">option</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]</span><br
class="newline" /><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">definition</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><br
class="newline" /><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\end{defproblem}</span></span></span> </div><hr>
</p><!--l. 276--><p class="noindent" >
This defines the problem whose label is given by <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>. The label must be
unique for a given data set and should not contain active characters or
a comma. (Active characters include the special characters such as $
and &, but some packages may make other symbols active, such as the
colon (:) character. For example, the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">ngerman</span><a
id="dx1-7010"></a> and <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">babel</span><a
id="dx1-7011"></a> packages make
certain punctuation active. Check the relevant package documentation for
details.)
</p><!--l. 285--><p class="indent" > <div class="important" title="Important Note"> The final optional argument <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">option</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>may be <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fragile </span>to indicate that the
problem contains verbatim text. Any occurrences of <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlyproblem</span><a
id="dx1-7012"></a><a
id="dx1-7013"></a> or <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlysolution</span><a
id="dx1-7014"></a><a
id="dx1-7015"></a>
contained within <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem </span>are inherited from <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem</span>. (See <a
href="#x1-40003">§3 </a><a
href="#x1-40003">Verbatim<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:verbatim --></a> for
further details.) </div>
</p><!--l. 291--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 293--><p class="indent" > If <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem</span><a
id="dx1-7016"></a><a
id="dx1-7017"></a> occurs in the document or is included via <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\input</span><a
id="dx1-7018"></a> or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\include</span><a
id="dx1-7019"></a>,
then the problem will be added to the default data set. If <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem </span>occurs in
an external file that is loaded using one of the commands defined in <a
href="#x1-90008">§8 </a><a
href="#x1-90008">Loading
Problems From External Files<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:load --></a> then the problem will be added to the specified
data set.
</p><!--l. 300--><p class="indent" > The contents of the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem</span><a
id="dx1-7020"></a><a
id="dx1-7021"></a> environment should be the text that defines
the problem. This may include any of the commands defined in <a
href="#x1-50004">§4 </a><a
href="#x1-50004">Showing and
Hiding Solutions<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:showanswers --></a> and <a
href="#x1-60005">§5 </a><a
href="#x1-60005">General Formatting Commands<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:formatting --></a>.
</p><!--l. 305--><p class="indent" > The problem may optionally take <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>arguments (where <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>is from 0 to 9).
The arguments can be referenced in the definition via <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">#1</span>,…,<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">#9</span>. If <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>is omitted
then the problem doesn’t take any arguments. The following example defines a
problem with one argument:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-8">
\begin{defproblem}[1]{diffsin}
 <br />Differentiate $f(x)=\sin(#1x)$.
 <br />\begin{onlysolution}%
 <br />  \begin{solution}
 <br />    $f’(x) = #1\cos(#1x)$
 <br />  \end{solution}
 <br />\end{onlysolution}
 <br />\end{defproblem}
</div>
<!--l. 320--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 322--><p class="indent" > The second optional argument <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">default args</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>supplies default problem
arguments that will automatically be used within <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\thisproblem</span><a
id="dx1-7022"></a> when used in
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachproblem</span><a
id="dx1-7023"></a> in conjunction with the package option <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">usedefaultargs</span><a
id="dx1-7024"></a>. (See <a
href="#x1-110009">§9
</a><a
href="#x1-110009">Iterating Through Datasets<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:foreach --></a>.) For example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-9">
\begin{defproblem}[1][{2}]{diffsin}
 <br />Differentiate $f(x)=\sin(#1x)$.
 <br />\begin{onlysolution}%
 <br />  \begin{solution}
 <br />    $f’(x) = #1\cos(#1x)$
 <br />  \end{solution}
 <br />\end{onlysolution}
 <br />\end{defproblem}
</div>
<!--l. 336--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 338--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\newproblem</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-7025"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">][</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">default args</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">problem</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">solution</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}</span>
</div><hr>
</p><!--l. 340--><p class="noindent" >
This is a shortcut command for: <span class="obeylines-h">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\begin{defproblem}[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">][</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">default args</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}%</span>
<br /><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">problem</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\begin{onlysolution}%</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\begin{solution}%</span>
<br /><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">solution</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\end{solution}%</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\end{onlysolution}%</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\end{defproblem}</span></span>
</p><!--l. 352--><p class="indent" > For example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-10">
\newproblem[1]{diffsin}{%
 <br />  \(f(x) = \sin(#1x)\)
 <br />}%
 <br />{%
 <br />  \(f’(x) = #1\cos(#1x)\)
 <br />}
</div>
<!--l. 360--><p class="nopar" > is equivalent to
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-11">
\begin{defproblem}[1]{diffcos}%
 <br />  \(f(x) = \cos(#1x)\)
 <br />\begin{onlysolution}%
 <br />  \begin{solution}%
 <br />    \(f’(x) = -#1\sin(#1x)\)
 <br />  \end{solution}%
 <br />\end{onlysolution}%
 <br />\end{defproblem}
</div>
<!--l. 371--><p class="nopar" > (In this example, the argument will need to be a positive number to avoid a
double minus in the answer. If you want to perform floating point arithmetic on
the arguments, then try the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">fp</span><a
id="dx1-7026"></a> or <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pgfmath</span><a
id="dx1-7027"></a> packages.)
</p><!--l. 377--><p class="indent" > Alternatively, if you want to supply default arguments to use when iterating
through problems with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachproblem</span><a
id="dx1-7028"></a>:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-12">
\newproblem[1][{3}]{diffsin}{%
 <br />  \(f(x) = \sin(#1x)\)
 <br />}%
 <br />{%
 <br />  \(f’(x) = #1\cos(#1x)\)
 <br />}
</div>
<!--l. 386--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 389--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\newproblem*</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-7029"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem*[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">][</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">default args</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">definition</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}</span>
</div><hr>
</p><!--l. 391--><p class="noindent" >
This is a shortcut for: <span class="obeylines-h">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\begin{defproblem}[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">][</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">default args</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}%</span>
<br /><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">definition</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\end{defproblem}</span></span>
</p><!--l. 399--><p class="indent" > <div class="important" title="Important Note"> Note that you can’t use verbatim text with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem </span>or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem*</span>.
Use the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem</span><a
id="dx1-7030"></a><a
id="dx1-7031"></a> environment instead with the <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fragile option</span>. </div>
</p><!--l. 403--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 405--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 405--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7 </span> <a
id="x1-80007"></a>Using a Problem</h3>
<!--l. 407--><p class="noindent" >Once you have defined a problem using <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem</span><a
id="dx1-8001"></a><a
id="dx1-8002"></a> or <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem</span><a
id="dx1-8003"></a> (see <a
href="#x1-70006">§6
</a><a
href="#x1-70006">Defining a Problem<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:defproblem --></a>), you can later display the problem using:
</p><!--l. 410--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\useproblem</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-8004"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\useproblem[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">arg</span><sub><span
class="rm-lmr-8x-x-103">1</span></sub><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">…{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">arg</span><sub><span
class="lmmi-8x-x-103">N</span></sub><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}</span>
</div><hr>
</p><!--l. 413--><p class="noindent" >
where <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>is the name of the data set that contains the problem (the
default data set is used if omitted), <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">label</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>is the label identifying the required
problem and <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">arg</span><sub><span
class="rm-lmr-8x-x-103">1</span></sub><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>, …, <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">arg</span><sub><span
class="lmmi-8x-x-103">N</span></sub><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>are the arguments to pass to the problem, if the
problem was defined to have arguments (where <span
class="lmmi-10x-x-109">N </span>is the number of arguments
specified when the problem was defined).
</p><!--l. 422--><p class="indent" > For example, in the previous section the problem <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">diffcos </span>was defined to have
one argument, so it can be used as follows:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-13">
\useproblem{diffcos}{3}
</div>
<!--l. 426--><p class="nopar" > This will be equivalent to:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-14">
\(f(x) = \cos(3x)\)
 <br />\begin{onlysolution}%
 <br />\begin{solution}%
 <br />\(f’(x) = -3\sin(3x)\)
 <br />\end{solution}%
 <br />\end{onlysolution}%
</div>
<!--l. 435--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 437--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 437--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8 </span> <a
id="x1-90008"></a>Loading Problems From External Files</h3>
<!--l. 439--><p class="noindent" >You can store all your problem definitions (see <a
href="#x1-70006">§6 </a><a
href="#x1-70006">Defining a Problem<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:defproblem --></a>) in an
external file. These problems can all be appended to the default data set by
including the file via <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\input</span><a
id="dx1-9001"></a> or they can be appended to other data sets
using one of the commands described below. Once you have loaded all
the required problems, you can iterate through the data sets using the
commands described in <a
href="#x1-110009">§9 </a><a
href="#x1-110009">Iterating Through Datasets<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:foreach --></a>. Note that the
commands below will create a new data set, if the named data set doesn’t
exist.
</p><!--l. 450--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\loadallproblems</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-9002"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadallproblems[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 452--><p class="noindent" >
This will load all problems defined in <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>and append them to the
specified data set, in the order in which they are defined in the file. If <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>
is omitted, the default data set will be used. If <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>doesn’t exist, it will be
created.
</p><!--l. 459--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\loadselectedproblems</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-9003"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadselectedproblems[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">labels</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}</span>
</div><hr>
</p><!--l. 461--><p class="noindent" >
This is like <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadallproblems</span>, but only those problems whose label is listed in
the comma-separated list <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">labels</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>are loaded. For example, if I have some
problems defined in the file <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">derivatives.tex</span>, then
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-15">
\loadselectedproblems{diffsin,diffcos}{derivatives}
</div>
<!--l. 468--><p class="nopar" > will only load the problems whose labels are <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">diffsin </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">diffcos</span>,
respectively. All the other problems in the file will remain undefined.
</p><!--l. 473--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\loadexceptproblems</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-9004"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadexceptproblems[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">exception</span>
<span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">list</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 475--><p class="noindent" >
This is the reverse of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadselectedproblems</span>. This loads all problems except
those whose labels are listed in <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">exception list</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>.
</p><!--l. 480--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\loadrandomproblems</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-9005"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadrandomproblems[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}</span>
</div><hr>
</p><!--l. 482--><p class="noindent" >
This randomly loads <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>problems from <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>and adds them to the given
data set. If <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>is omitted, the default data set is assumed. Note that the
problems will be added to the data set in a random order, not in the order in
which they were defined. There must be at least <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>problems defined in
<span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>.
</p><!--l. 490--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\loadrandomexcept</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-9006"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadrandomexcept[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">exception</span>
<span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">list</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 493--><p class="noindent" >
This is similar to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadrandomproblems </span>except that it won’t load those
problems whose labels are listed in <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">exception list</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>. <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">If you want to</span>
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">automatically exclude problems included in previous documents, see</span>
<a
href="#x1-100008.1"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">§8.1 </span></a><a
href="#x1-100008.1"><span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Randomly Selecting Problems Not Selected in Previous</span>
<span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Documents</span><!--tex4ht:ref: sec:exprev --></a><span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">.</span>
</p><!--l. 499--><p class="indent" > Note that the random number generator has been modified in version 3.01 in
order to fix a bug. If you want to ensure that your random numbers are
compatible with earlier versions, you can switch to the old generator
using
</p><!--l. 503--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\PSNuseoldrandom</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-9007"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\PSNuseoldrandom </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 505--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 507--><p class="indent" > <div class="important" title="Important Note"> It is generally not a good idea to place anything in <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>that is not
inside the body of <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">defproblem</span><a
id="dx1-9008"></a><a
id="dx1-9009"></a> or in the arguments to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem</span><a
id="dx1-9010"></a> or
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem*</span><a
id="dx1-9011"></a>. All the commands in this section input the external file within a
local scope, so command definitions would need to be made global to have any
effect. In addition, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadrandomproblems </span>has to load each file twice, which
means that anything outside a problem definition will be parsed twice.
</div>
</p><!--l. 516--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 519--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 519--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1 </span> <a
id="x1-100008.1"></a>Randomly Selecting Problems Not Selected in Previous Documents</h4>
<!--l. 522--><p class="noindent" >Suppose you have a large set of questions that you want to randomly select for
assignments and exams. The chances are, you don’t want to include questions
that have been previously set for, say, the last three years. That is, you don’t
want to select questions the students may already have seen. As from version
3.03, you can now do this.
</p><!--l. 529--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">probsoln</span><a
id="dx1-10001"></a> package defaults to the UK academic year, which starts in
September. If this isn’t appropriate, you can change it using:
</p><!--l. 532--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\SetStartMonth</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-10002"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\SetStartMonth{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 534--><p class="noindent" >
where <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>is the number of the month. (1 = January, 2 = February,
etc.)
</p><!--l. 538--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">start year </span>is the calender year in effect when the academic
year started. For example, if this is the academic year 2011/12, then
the start year is 2011. This is automatically set to the start of the
current academic year. It is also updated when <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\SetStartMonth </span>is
used.<span class="footnote-mark"><a
href="#fn1x0" id="fn1x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><a
id="x1-10003f1"></a>
If you want to set it to a specific year, you can use:
</p><!--l. 545--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\SetStartYear</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-10004"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\SetStartYear{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">year</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 547--><p class="noindent" >
For example: <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\SetStartYear{2008}</span></span></span> indicates the academic year 2008/9.
</p><!--l. 551--><p class="indent" > There are two files concerned with previously used labels. They are:
</p><dl class="description"><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmssbx-10x-x-109">The previously used labels file</span> </dt><dd
class="description">This keeps track of all problems used in
previous years, as well as problems used by other documents that have
this as their previously used labels file, and it contains the problem
labels from the last run of the current document.
</dd><dt class="description">
<span
class="ec-lmssbx-10x-x-109">The current used labels file</span> </dt><dd
class="description">This defaults to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\jobname.prb</span>, but the name can
be changed using:
<!--l. 562--><p class="noindent" ><hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\SetUsedFileName</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-10005"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\SetUsedFileName{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">name</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 564--><p class="noindent" >
This file keeps track of all the labels used in the current document from
the previous <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> run. Note that if you want to delete this file, first
clear it using
</p><!--l. 568--><p class="noindent" ><hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\ClearUsedFile</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-10006"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ClearUsedFile{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">file</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 570--><p class="noindent" >
in place of <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ExcludePreviousFile{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">file</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}</span>, described below. The
argument <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">file</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>is the previously used labels file described above.
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ClearUsedFile </span>will remove all labels in the current used labels file from
the previously used labels file and clear the current used labels file. Once
this file is empty, it may then be deleted.
</p>
</dd></dl>
<!--l. 580--><p class="indent" > Before loading randomly selected problems, first specify the previously used
labels file with the command:
</p><!--l. 582--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\ExcludePreviousFile</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-10007"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ExcludePreviousFile[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">number of years</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">file</span>
<span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">name</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 584--><p class="noindent" >
where <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">file name</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>is the name of the previously used file. The optional argument
<span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">number of years</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>specifies the year cut-off. This defaults to 3, which means that
only those labels used this year or the previous 2 years will be kept. Any
problems used before then may be reused.
</p><!--l. 591--><p class="indent" > Suppose I’m lecturing a first year undergraduate mathematics course
(designated, say, mth101). I want to set assignments on each topic and an exam
at the end of the year (as well as a resit or second sitting paper). I’ve got
databases with problems for each topic, but the first and second sitting
exams mustn’t include any of the problems used in the assignments
or any problems used in assignments or exams for the previous two
academic years. I’m going to arrange my directory structure as follows:
</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">mth101/</span>
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">assignment1/ </span>(differentiation)
<ul class="itemize3">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">assignment1.tex</span></li></ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">assignment2/ </span>(probability spaces)
<ul class="itemize3">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">assignment2.tex</span></li></ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">assignment3/ </span>(linear algebra)
<ul class="itemize3">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">assignment3.tex</span></li></ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">exams/</span>
<ul class="itemize3">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">exam.tex </span>(first sitting)
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">resit.tex </span>(second sitting)</li></ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">databases/</span>
<ul class="itemize3">
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">differentiation.tex</span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">probabilityspaces.tex</span>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">linearalgebra.tex</span></li></ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">previouslabels.tex </span>(created by <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">probsoln</span><a
id="dx1-10008"></a>)</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<!--l. 629--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 629--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9 </span> <a
id="x1-110009"></a>Iterating Through Datasets</h3>
<!--l. 631--><p class="noindent" >Once you have defined all your problems for a given data set, you can use an
individual problem with <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\useproblem</span><a
id="dx1-11001"></a> (see <a
href="#x1-80007">§7 </a><a
href="#x1-80007">Using a Problem<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:useproblem --></a>) but it is more
likely that you will want to iterate through all the problems so that
you don’t need to remember the labels of all the problems you have
defined.
</p><!--l. 637--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\foreachproblem</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-11002"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachproblem[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">body</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 639--><p class="noindent" >
This does <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">body</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>for each problem in the given data set. If <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>is omitted,
the default data set is used. Within <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">body</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>you can use
</p><!--l. 643--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\thisproblem</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-11003"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\thisproblem </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 645--><p class="noindent" >
to use the current problem and
</p><!--l. 647--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\thisproblemlabel</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-11004"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\thisproblemlabel </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 649--><p class="noindent" >
to access the current label. If the problem requires arguments, and no default
arguments were supplied in the problem definition or the package option
<span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">usedefaultargs</span><a
id="dx1-11005"></a> was not used, then you will be prompted for arguments, so if you
want to use this approach you will need to use <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> in interactive mode. If
you do provide arguments, they will be stored in the event that you need to
iterate through the data set again. The arguments will be included in
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\thisproblem</span>, so you only need to use <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\thisproblem </span>without having to specify
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\useproblem</span><a
id="dx1-11006"></a>.
</p><!--l. 661--><p class="indent" > For example, to iterate through all problems in the default data set:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-16">
\begin{enumerate}
 <br />\foreachproblem{\item\thisproblem}
 <br />\end{enumerate}
</div>
<!--l. 667--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 669--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\foreachsolution</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-11007"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachsolution[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">data set</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">body</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 671--><p class="noindent" >
This is equivalent to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachsolution</span>, but only iterates through problems
that contain the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlysolution</span><a
id="dx1-11008"></a><a
id="dx1-11009"></a> environment. Note that you still need to use
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\showanswers</span><a
id="dx1-11010"></a> or the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">answers</span><a
id="dx1-11011"></a> package option for the contents of the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlysolution</span><a
id="dx1-11012"></a><a
id="dx1-11013"></a>
environment to appear.
</p><!--l. 678--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\foreachdataset</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-11014"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachdataset{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">cmd</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">body</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 680--><p class="noindent" >
This does <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">body</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>for each of the defined data sets. Within <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">body</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>, <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">cmd</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>will be
set to the name of the current data set. For example, to display all problems in
all data sets:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-17">
\begin{enumerate}
 <br />\foreachdataset{\thisdataset}{%
 <br />\foreachproblem[\thisdataset]{\item\thisproblem}}
 <br />\end{enumerate}
</div>
<!--l. 689--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 691--><p class="indent" > Suppose I have two external files called <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">derivatives.tex </span>and
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">probspaces.tex </span>which define problems using both <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlyproblem</span><a
id="dx1-11015"></a><a
id="dx1-11016"></a> and <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">onlysolution</span><a
id="dx1-11017"></a><a
id="dx1-11018"></a>
for example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-18">
\begin{defproblem}{cosxsqsinx}%
 <br />\begin{onlyproblem}%
 <br />$y = \cos(x^2)\sin x$.%
 <br />\end{onlyproblem}%
 <br />\begin{onlysolution}%
 <br />\[\frac{dy}{dx} = -\sin(x^2)2x\sin x + \cos(x^2)\cos x\]
 <br />\end{onlysolution}%
 <br />\end{defproblem}
</div>
<!--l. 704--><p class="nopar" > I can write a document that creates two data sets, one for the derivative
problems and one for the problems about probability spaces. I can then use
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\hideanswers</span><a
id="dx1-11019"></a> and iterate through the require data set to produce the
problems. Later, I can use <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\showanswers</span><a
id="dx1-11020"></a> and iterate over all problems defined
in both data sets to produce the chapter containing all the answers. When
displaying the questions, I have taken advantage of the fact that I can
cross-reference items within an <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">enumerate</span><a
id="dx1-11021"></a><a
id="dx1-11022"></a> environment, and redefined
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\theenumi</span><a
id="dx1-11023"></a> to label the questions according to the chapter. The cross-reference
label is constructed from the problem label and is referenced in the
answer section to ensure that the answers have the same label as the
questions.
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-19">
\documentclass{report}
 <br />\usepackage{probsoln}
 <br />\begin{document}
 <br />\hideanswers
 <br />\chapter{Differentiation}
 <br /> randomly select 25 problems from derivatives.tex and add to
 <br /> the data set called ’deriv’
 <br />\loadrandomproblems[deriv]{25}{derivatives}
 <br /> Display the problems
 <br />\renewcommand{\theenumi}{\thechapter.\arabic{enumi}}
 <br />\begin{enumerate}
 <br />\foreachproblem[deriv]{\item\label{prob:\thisproblemlabel}\thisproblem}
 <br />\end{enumerate}
 <br /> You may need to change \theenumi back here
 <br />\chapter{Probability Spaces}
 <br /> randomly select 25 problems from probspaces.tex and add to
 <br /> the data set called ’spaces’
 <br />\loadrandomproblems[spaces]{25}{probspaces}
 <br /> Display the problems
 <br />\renewcommand{\theenumi}{\thechapter.\arabic{enumi}}
 <br />\begin{enumerate}
 <br />\foreachproblem[spaces]{\item\label{prob:\thisproblemlabel}\thisproblem}
 <br />\end{enumerate}
 <br /> You may need to change \theenumi back here
 <br />\appendix
 <br />\chapter{Solutions}
 <br />\showanswers
 <br />\begin{itemize}
 <br />\foreachdataset{\thisdataset}{%
 <br />\foreachproblem[\thisdataset]{\item[\ref{prob:\thisproblemlabel}]\thisproblem}
 <br />}
 <br />\end{itemize}
 <br />\end{document}
</div>
<!--l. 757--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 759--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 759--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10 </span> <a
id="x1-1200010"></a>Random Number Generator</h3>
<!--l. 761--><p class="noindent" >This package provides a pseudo-random number generator that is used by
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadrandomproblems</span><a
id="dx1-12001"></a>. As noted earlier the random number generator has been
modified in version 3.01 in order to fix a bug. If you want to ensure that your
random numbers are compatible with earlier versions, you can switch to the old
generator using
</p><!--l. 766--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\PSNuseoldrandom</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-12002"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\PSNuseoldrandom </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 768--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 770--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\PSNrandseed</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-12003"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\PSNrandseed{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 772--><p class="noindent" >
This sets the seed to <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>which must be a non-zero integer. For example, to
generate a different set of random numbers every time you <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> your
document,<span class="footnote-mark"><a
href="#fn2x0" id="fn2x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><a
id="x1-12004f2"></a>
put the following in your preamble:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-20">
\PSNrandseed{\time}
</div>
<!--l. 780--><p class="nopar" > or to generate a different set of random numbers every year you <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span></span> your
document:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-21">
\PSNrandseed{\year}
</div>
<!--l. 785--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 787--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\PSNgetrandseed</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-12005"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\PSNgetrandseed{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">register</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 789--><p class="noindent" >
This stores the current seed in the count register specified by <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">register</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>. For
example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-22">
\newcount\myseed
 <br />\PSNgetrandseed{\myseed}
</div>
<!--l. 796--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 798--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\PSNrandom</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-12006"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\PSNrandom{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">register</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 800--><p class="noindent" >
Generates a random integer from 1 to <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>and stores in the count register
specified by <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">register</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>. For example, the following generates an integer from 1 to
10 and stores it in the register <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\myreg</span>:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-23">
\newcount\myreg
 <br />\PSNrandom{\myreg}{10}
</div>
<!--l. 808--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 810--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\random</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-12007"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\random{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">counter</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">min</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">max</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 812--><p class="noindent" >
Generates a random integer from <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">min</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>to <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">max</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>and stores in the given
counter. For example, the following generates a random number between 3 and
8 (inclusive) and stores it in the counter <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">myrand</span>.
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-24">
\newcounter{myrand}
 <br />\random{myrand}{3}{8}
</div>
<!--l. 820--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 822--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\doforrandN</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-12008"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\doforrandN{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">cmd</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">list</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">text</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 824--><p class="noindent" >
Randomly selects <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>values from the comma-separated list given by
<span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">list</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩ </span>and iterates through this subset. On each iteration it sets <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">cmd</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>
to the current value and does <span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">text</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span>. For example, the following will
load a randomly selected problem from two of the listed files (where
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">file1.tex</span>, <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">file2.tex </span>and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">file3.tex </span>are files containing at least one
problem):
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-25">
\doforrandN{2}{\thisfile}{file1,file2,file3}{%
 <br />\loadrandomproblems{1}{\thisfile}}
</div>
<!--l. 835--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 837--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 837--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11 </span> <a
id="x1-1300011"></a>Compatibility With Versions Prior to 3.0</h3>
<!--l. 839--><p class="noindent" >Version 3.0 of the <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">probsoln</span><a
id="dx1-13001"></a> package completely changed the structure of the
package, but the commands described in this section have been provided to
maintain compatibility with earlier versions. The only problems that are likely
to occur are those where commands are contained within groups. This will effect
any commands that are contained in external files that are outside of the
arguments to <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem</span><a
id="dx1-13002"></a> and <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem*</span><a
id="dx1-13003"></a>. However, since the external files
had to be parsed twice in order to load the problems, this shouldn’t be an issue
as adding anything other than problem definitions in those files would be
problematic anyway.
</p><!--l. 851--><p class="indent" > The other likely difference is where the random generator is used in a group.
This includes commands such as <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\selectrandomly</span><a
id="dx1-13004"></a>. For example, if your
document contained something like:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-26">
\begin{enumerate}
 <br />\selectrandomly{file1}{8}
 <br />\item Solve the following:
 <br />\begin{enumerate}
 <br />\selectrandomly{file2}{4}
 <br />\end{enumerate}
 <br />\selectrandomly{file3}{2}
 <br />\end{enumerate}
</div>
<!--l. 866--><p class="nopar" > Then using versions prior to v3.0 will produce a different set of random
numbers since the second <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\selectrandomly </span>is in a different level of grouping. If
you want to ensure that the document produces exactly the same random set
with the new version as with the old version, you will need to get and set the
random number seed. For example, the above would need to be modified so that
it becomes:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-27">
\begin{enumerate}
 <br />\selectrandomly{file1}{8}
 <br />\item Solve the following:
 <br />\newcount\oldseed
 <br />\PSNgetrandseed{\oldseed}
 <br />\begin{enumerate}
 <br />\selectrandomly{file2}{4}
 <br />\end{enumerate}
 <br />\PSNrandseed{\oldseed}
 <br />\selectrandomly{file3}{2}
 <br />\end{enumerate}
</div>
<!--l. 888--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 890--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\selectrandomly</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-13005"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\selectrandomly{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 892--><p class="noindent" >
This is now equivalent to: <span class="obeylines-h">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">{\loadrandomproblems[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">n</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}}%</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachproblem[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{\PSNitem\thisproblem\endPSNitem}</span></span>
</p><!--l. 899--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10">\selectallproblems</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-13006"></a> <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\selectallproblems{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 901--><p class="noindent" >
This is now equivalent to: <span class="obeylines-h">
<span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">{\loadallproblems[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">}}%</span>
<br /><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachproblem[</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟨</span><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">filename</span><span
class="lmsy-10x-x-109">⟩</span><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]{\PSNitem\thisproblem\endPSNitem}</span></span>
</p><!--l. 908--><p class="indent" > Note that in both the above cases, a new data set is created with the same
name as the file name.
</p><!--l. 911--><p class="indent" > <a
id="likesection.1"></a><a
id="Q1-1-14"></a>
</p>
<!--l. 2--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a></p><h3 class="likesectionHead"><a
id="x1-1400011"></a>Index</h3>
<!--l. 4--><p class="noindent" > <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">B</span>
</p>
<div class="theindex"><span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">babel </span>package  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7011" >1</a> <br /></span>
<p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">C</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ClearUsedFile</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-10006" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">2</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\correctitem</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6015" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">3</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\correctitemformat</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6018" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">4</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">D</span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">defproblem </span>(environment)  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5020" ><span class="underline">5</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5025" ><span class="underline">6</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7008" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">7</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7016" ><span class="underline">8</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7020" ><span class="underline">9</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7030" ><span class="underline">10</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-8001" ><span class="underline">11</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9008" ><span class="underline">12</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\doforrandN</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-12008" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">13</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">enumerate </span>(environment)  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6011" ><span class="underline">14</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6013" ><span class="underline">15</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11021" ><span class="underline">16</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item">environments:<br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">defproblem</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5021" ><span class="underline">17</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5026" ><span class="underline">18</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7009" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">19</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7017" ><span class="underline">20</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7021" ><span class="underline">21</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7031" ><span class="underline">22</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-8002" ><span class="underline">23</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9009" ><span class="underline">24</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">enumerate</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6012" ><span class="underline">25</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6014" ><span class="underline">26</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11022" ><span class="underline">27</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">onlyproblem</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5009" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">28</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5015" ><span class="underline">29</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5017" ><span class="underline">30</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5024" ><span class="underline">31</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7002" ><span class="underline">32</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7013" ><span class="underline">33</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11016" ><span class="underline">34</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">onlysolution</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5011" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">35</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5019" ><span class="underline">36</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7004" ><span class="underline">37</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7015" ><span class="underline">38</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11009" ><span class="underline">39</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11013" ><span class="underline">40</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11018" ><span class="underline">41</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">solution</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6002" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">42</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6005" ><span class="underline">43</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6008" ><span class="underline">44</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">textenum</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6010" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">45</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ExcludePreviousFile</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-10007" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">46</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">F</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachdataset</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11014" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">47</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachproblem</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7023" ><span class="underline">48</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7028" ><span class="underline">49</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11002" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">50</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\foreachsolution</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5022" ><span class="underline">51</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11007" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">52</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">fp </span>package  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7026" >53</a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item">fragile  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-4001" ><span class="underline">54</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">H</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\hideanswers</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5004" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">55</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7007" ><span class="underline">56</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11019" ><span class="underline">57</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">I</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ifshowanswers</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5007" ><span class="underline">58</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6006" ><span class="underline">59</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">ifthen </span>package  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5006" >60</a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\include</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7019" ><span class="underline">61</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\incorrectitem</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6016" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">62</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\incorrectitemformat</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6019" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">63</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\input</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7018" ><span class="underline">64</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9001" ><span class="underline">65</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\item</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6017" ><span class="underline">66</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">L</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadallproblems</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9002" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">67</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadexceptproblems</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9004" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">68</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadrandomexcept</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9006" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">69</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadrandomproblems</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9005" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">70</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-12001" ><span class="underline">71</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\loadselectedproblems</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9003" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">72</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">N</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7025" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">73</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-8003" ><span class="underline">74</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9010" ><span class="underline">75</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-13002" ><span class="underline">76</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newproblem*</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7029" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">77</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9011" ><span class="underline">78</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-13003" ><span class="underline">79</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">ngerman </span>package  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7010" >80</a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">O</span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">onlyproblem </span>(environment)  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5008" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">81</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5014" ><span class="underline">82</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5016" ><span class="underline">83</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5023" ><span class="underline">84</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7001" ><span class="underline">85</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7012" ><span class="underline">86</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11015" ><span class="underline">87</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">onlysolution </span>(environment)  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5010" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">88</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5018" ><span class="underline">89</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7003" ><span class="underline">90</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7014" ><span class="underline">91</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11008" ><span class="underline">92</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11012" ><span class="underline">93</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11017" ><span class="underline">94</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">P</span>
<span class="index-item">package options:<br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">answers</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-3001" ><span class="underline">95</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5001" ><span class="underline">96</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11011" ><span class="underline">97</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">draft</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-3003" ><span class="underline">98</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">final</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-3004" ><span class="underline">99</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">noanswers</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-3002" ><span class="underline">100</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5002" ><span class="underline">101</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">nousedefaultargs</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-3007" ><span class="underline">102</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-subitem">    <span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">usedefaultargs</span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-3005" ><span class="underline">103</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7024" ><span class="underline">104</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11005" ><span class="underline">105</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pgfmath </span>package  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7027" >106</a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">probsoln </span>package  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-10001" >107</a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-10008" >108</a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-13001" >109</a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ProbSolnFragileExt</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-4002" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">110</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ProbSolnFragileFile</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-4003" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">111</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\PSNgetrandseed</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-12005" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">112</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\PSNrandom</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-12006" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">113</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\PSNrandseed</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-12003" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">114</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\PSNuseoldrandom</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-9007" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">115</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-12002" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">116</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">R</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\random</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-12007" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">117</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">S</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\selectallproblems</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-13006" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">118</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\selectrandomly</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-13004" ><span class="underline">119</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-13005" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">120</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\SetStartMonth</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-10002" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">121</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\SetStartYear</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-10004" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">122</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\SetUsedFileName</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-10005" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">123</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\showanswers</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5003" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">124</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7006" ><span class="underline">125</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11010" ><span class="underline">126</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11020" ><span class="underline">127</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">showanswers </span>boolean variable  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5005" >128</a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5012" >129</a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-5013" >130</a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7005" >131</a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">solution </span>(environment)  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6001" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">132</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6004" ><span class="underline">133</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6007" ><span class="underline">134</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\solutionname</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6003" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">135</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span>
<span class="index-item"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">textenum </span>(environment)  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-6009" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">136</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\theenumi</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11023" ><span class="underline">137</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\thisproblem</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-3006" ><span class="underline">138</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-3008" ><span class="underline">139</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-7022" ><span class="underline">140</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11003" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">141</span></a> <br /></span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\thisproblemlabel</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11004" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">142</span></a> <br /></span>
</p><p class="theindex"> <span
class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">U</span>
<span class="index-item"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\useproblem</span></span></span>  <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-8004" ><span
class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">143</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11001" ><span class="underline">144</span></a>, <a
href="probsoln-manual.html#dx1-11006" ><span class="underline">145</span></a> <br /></span>
</p></div>
<div class="footnotes"><!--l. 543--><p class="indent" > <span class="footnote-mark"><a
href="#fn1x0-bk" id="fn1x0">
<sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><span
class="ec-lmr-9">So don’t use </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">\SetStartMonth </span><span
class="ec-lmr-9">after </span><span
class="ec-lmtt-9">\SetStartYear</span><span
class="ec-lmr-9">.</span></p><!--l. 776--><p class="indent" > <span class="footnote-mark"><a
href="#fn2x0-bk" id="fn2x0">
<sup class="textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><span
class="ec-lmr-9">assuming you leave at least a minute between runs.</span></p> </div>
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