summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/l2tabu-english/l2tabuen.tex
blob: 9330ce124118628f8fa0816acbe1772b16eab029 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% Filename:    l2tabuen.tex
%%% Author:      Mark Trettin, Jürgen Fenn <juergen.fenn@gmx.de>
%%% Created:     16 Juni 2007
%%% Time-stamp:  none
%%% Version:    $Id: l2tabuen.tex,v 1.8.5.7 $
%%%
%%% Copyright (C) 2004--2007 by Mark Trettin and Jürgen Fenn
%%%------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% TODO:
%%% - \input{../asdf/} instead of \input ../asdf/

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,pagesize,tablecaptionabove,abstracton,pointlessnumbers]{scrartcl}
%--------------- Basic Configuration (German, 8bit) ----------------
%\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}     % Switch to German
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}   % Direct input of German umlauts etc.
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % T1 Fonts
%%% Times/Helvetica/Courier *only* for minimizing the size of this file
%% as these fonts do not have to be inserted into the output document.
\usepackage{mathptmx}           % Times/Maths \rmdefault
\usepackage[scaled=.90]{helvet} % Scaling Helvetica \sfdefault
\usepackage{courier}            % Courier \ttdefault
\usepackage{multicol}

\typearea[current]{current}     % Calculate typearea anew
%------------ additional packages (graphics, tables) ---------------
\usepackage{xspace}             % automatic blanks after macros
\usepackage{booktabs,array}     % nicer tables
\usepackage[english]{varioref}  % modifyed for the version publicised
                                % as current versionf of fancy, and
                                % varioref do not work together
                                % (still not?!)
\usepackage{textcomp}           % additional characters
\usepackage[nofancy]{rcsinfo}   % RCS Informationen in title
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{calc}               % we must calculate
\usepackage{eurosans}           % the Euro
%--------------------------- Formatting ---------------------------
%%% Captions
\setkomafont{caption}{\normalcolor\small\sffamily\slshape}
\setkomafont{captionlabel}{\normalcolor\upshape\small\sffamily\bfseries}
%--------------------------- PDF Options ---------------------------
\ifpdfoutput{%                 % needs KOMA-Script class
  \usepackage{hyperref}        % hyperref settings for pdf
  \hypersetup{%
    pdfauthor={(c) 2007 Mark Trettin and Juergen Fenn},%
    pdftitle={l2tabuen -- An essential guide to \LaTeXe\ usage},%
    pdfsubject={Some hints on LaTeX2e},%
    bookmarksopen=true,% Temp
    backref=true,%
    pdffitwindow=true,%
    pdfpagelayout=OneColumn,%
    colorlinks=true,%
    linkcolor=red,%
    linktocpage=true,%
    backref=true,%
    pdfstartview=FitH,%
    bookmarksopen=true,%
    bookmarksopenlevel=2,%
    bookmarksnumbered=false,%
    urlcolor=blue%
  }%
  \usepackage[activate=normal]{pdfcprot} % character protruding using pdftex
  \newcommand{\EMail}[1]{\href{mailto:#1?Subject=[l2tabu.pdf]}{email: \texttt{#1}}}
  \newcommand{\News}[1]{\href{news:#1}{\texttt{#1}}}
  \newcommand{\MID}[2]{\href{http://groups.google.com/groups?as_umsgid=#1}%
    {Message-ID: \texttt{<#2>}}}
  % \usepackage{color}           % For preview-latex (in pdf tree)
  }%
%--------------------------- PS Options ----------------------------
  {%
    \usepackage{hyperref}
    \newcommand{\EMail}[1]{\href{mailto:#1}{Email: \texttt{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\News}[1]{\href{news:#1}{\texttt{#1}}}
    \newcommand{\MID}[2]{\href{M-ID: <#1>}{Message-ID: \texttt{<#2>}}}
  }
\usepackage{color} % comment out for preview-latex
%-------------------------- new commands --------------------------
%%% documentation: SansSerif
\newcommand{\TB}{\textbackslash}
\newcommand{\Doku}[1]{\textsf{#1}\xspace}
%%% Paket ,Klasse, Bibstil (packages, classes, bib style): SansSerif, Slanted
%\newcommand{\Paket}[2][sty]{\textsf{\textsl{#2.#1}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Paket}[1]{\textsf{\textsl{#1.sty}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Klasse}[1]{\textsf{\textsl{#1.cls}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\Bst}[1]{\textsf{\textsl{#1.bst}}\xspace}
%%% Options: SansSerif
\newcommand{\Option}[1]{\textsf{#1}\xspace}
%%% \Use{graphicx}         --> \usepackage{graphicx}
%%% \UseO{dvips}{graphicx} --> \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\newcommand{\Use}[1]{\texttt{\textbackslash usepackage\{#1\}}}
\newcommand{\UseO}[2]{\texttt{\TB usepackage[#1]\{#2\}}}
\newcommand{\UseV}[2]{\texttt{\TB usepackage\{#1\}[#2]}}
\newcommand{\UseOV}[3]{\texttt{\TB usepackage[#1]\{#2\}[#3]}}
%%% Footnotes
\deffootnote{2.5em}{1em}{\thefootnotemark\ \ \ }%
\setlength{\footnotesep}{12pt}
%%% Nonfrenchspacing
\nonfrenchspacing
%%% Bibliography
\newcommand{\Bib}[1]{\texttt{\textbackslash bibliographystyle\{#1\}}}
%%% environment TODO: redefine, for this looks rather bad
\newcommand{\Env}[2]{\raggedright\texttt{\textbackslash begin\{#1\}\\
    #2\\ \textbackslash end\{#1\}}}
%%% \newcommand
\newcommand{\NewCom}[3][]{\texttt{\textbackslash newcommand{#1}\{\textbackslash#2\}\{#3\}}}
\newcommand{\ReNewCom}[3][]{\texttt{\textbackslash renewcommand{#1}\{\textbackslash#2\}\{#3\}}}
%%% Stolen from  scrguide ;-)
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\Macro}[1]{\mbox{\texttt{\char`\\#1}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\LMacro}[2]{\mbox{\texttt{\char`\\#1\{#2\}}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\GMacro}[2]{\mbox{\texttt{\{\char`\\#1\ #2\}}}}
% DANTE
\providecommand{\CTANserver}{ftp.dante.de}
% Make CTAN:// be an alias of ftp://\CTANserver/tex-archive/
\makeatletter
\def\url@#1{\expandafter\url@@#1\@nil}
\def\url@@#1://#2\@nil{%
  \def\@tempa{#1}\def\@tempb{CTAN}\ifx\@tempa\@tempb
    \hyper@linkurl{\Hurl{#1:#2}}{ftp://\CTANserver/tex-archive/#2}%
  \else
    \hyper@linkurl{\Hurl{#1://#2}}{#1://#2}%
  \fi
}
\makeatother
%%% Farben
\definecolor{gruen}{rgb}{0,0.55,0}
\definecolor{rot}{rgb}{1,0,0}
\newcommand{\FIXME}[1]{\marginline{FIXME: #1!}}
\newsavebox{\Quelle}

\newenvironment{bspcode}[1]{%
  \sbox{\Quelle}{\footnotesize From: #1}
  \center
  \rule{\linewidth}{1.5pt}
}{%
  \rule{\linewidth}{1.5pt}
  \usebox{\Quelle}
  \endcenter%
}

%%% Macros for replacing FIXME:
\newcommand{\Ersetze}[2]{\par\noindent Replace: \textcolor{red}{#1}
  by \textcolor{gruen}{#2}}
\newcommand{\Ersetzx}[3][.5\textwidth]{%
  \par\noindent%
  \begin{minipage}[t]{#1}
    \raggedright
    Replace:\\
    \textcolor{rot}{#2}
  \end{minipage}%
  \hfill%
  \begin{minipage}[t]{(\linewidth - #1)-.02\linewidth}
    \raggedright
    by\\
    \textcolor{gruen}{#3}
  \end{minipage}%
}
% Width for  "Ersetze" macros :-(
\newsavebox{\Breite}
%%% A hack by Heiko Oberdiek for acroread under Linux
\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{%
  \edef\quotedblbase{\string"}%
  \edef\textquotedblleft{\string"}%
}
%%% a very, very crude Hack for typesetting a URL in one line
%%% *without* any additional spacing. :-(
\newcommand{\biburl}[1]{\hfill\\URL:~\url{#1}}
%------------------- defining columns in tables --------------------
% needs array
\newcolumntype{v}[1]{>{\raggedright\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}} % v column, like
                                                       % p column, but
                                                       % raggedright
\newcolumntype{V}[1]{>{\footnotesize\raggedright\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{N}{>{\footnotesize}l}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\footnotesize}c}
%----------------------------- title ------------------------------
\title{An essential guide to \LaTeXe{} usage\\[1em]
  \LARGE\mdseries\rmfamily Obsolete commands and packages}

\author{Original German version\thanks{Based on the German version
    1.8 of \Doku{l2tabu}.}\\
  by Mark Trettin\thanks{\EMail{Mark.Trettin@gmx.de}}%
  \and%
  English translation\\
  by Jürgen Fenn\thanks{\EMail{juergen.fenn@gmx.de}}}

\date{\today}

% \rcsInfoRevision\ \\
%   \rcsInfoLongDate}
%----------------------- begin of document -----------------------
\begin{document}
%\begin{Form}\end{Form}
\pagestyle{headings}
%%% RCS Info for version control
\rcsInfo $Id: l2tabuen.tex,v 1.8.5.7 2007/06/17 00:00:00 juergen Exp $
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
  \noindent
  This is the English version \rcsInfoRevision{} of \Doku{l2tabu},
  focusing on obsolete commands and packages, and demonstrating the
  most severe mistakes most \LaTeX{} users are prone to make.  You
  should read this guide if you want to improve on your \LaTeX{} code.
\end{abstract}

\subsection*{Legal notice}
\label{sec:legalnotice}

Copyright \copyright{} 2007 by Mark Trettin and Jürgen Fenn. 
\medskip

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.
\emph{There are no invariant sections in this document.} Please
contact the translator of this version before distributing a modified
version of the following text. A copy of the licence is included in
appendix \ref{sec:fdl}.

\subsection*{Acknowledgements}%\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Acknowledgements}%

Reading the German-language \TeX{} newsgroup \News{de.comp.text.tex}
one of us (Mark Trettin) found that most discussions were about
obsolete or, say, `bad' packages, and commands. So he decided to write
a brief summary to supply a practical guide to \LaTeX.  His paper was
called \Doku{altepakete.pdf} in the first place and soon it was
praised by senior developers writing to the group.  It is recommended
for reading ever since.  Later it was renamed by vote of participants
in \News{de.comp.text.tex} to \Doku{l2tabu}, corresponding to
\Doku{l2kurz}, the German title of \Doku{lshort}\cite{l2kurz:99}, and
the German translation of `taboo'.  This was about two years
ago.\footnote{\Doku{altepakete} was first announced on 18 February
  2003 on \News{de.comp.text.tex}.} I (Jürgen Fenn) joined Mark later
for translating his paper into English in order to help it spread to
those users who do not speak German.

In this article we give a demonstration of the most common mistakes in
using \LaTeX.  We also explain how to avoid them. This overview is
neither meant to replace introductions such as
\Doku{lshort}~\cite{l2kurz:99} nor the \Doku{De-TeX-FAQ}~\cite[version
72]{faq:02} nor the \Doku{UK FAQ}~\cite[version 3.16]{ukfaq:99}. Our
goal is just to give a small overview of how to write `good' \LaTeXe{}
code.

\subsection*{More translations of this paper}

Please note that besides the German original `Das
\LaTeXe-Sündenregister oder Veraltete Befehle, Pakete und andere
Fehler. Tipps zu \LaTeXe' and this English version, there are more
translations of this paper.  They all can be found in the respective
subdirectories at
\begin{quote}
\url{CTAN://info/l2tabu/}
\end{quote}
So far \Doku{l2tabu} has been translated into English, French, and
Italian.

\subsection*{How to get in touch with the authors}

We are grateful for any suggestions, improvements, or comments.
Please address your emails directly to the translator of the
English\footnote{\EMail{juergen.fenn@gmx.de}. -- Download of
  \Doku{l2tabuen} from: \url{CTAN://info/l2tabu/english/}}, the
French\footnote{See the French translation \Doku{l2tabufr} by Yvon
  Henel at \url{CTAN://info/l2tabu/french/}}, or the
Italian\footnote{See the Italian translation \Doku{l2tabuit} by
  Emanuele Zannarini at \url{CTAN://info/l2tabu/italian/}} version
respectively.

Please tell us whether you have found \Doku{l2tabu} useful. We rely on
your feedback for improving our guide.

\subsection*{Thanks to\dots}

\dots{}
Ralf Angeli,
Christoph Bier,
Christian Faulhammer,
Jürgen Fenn,
Ulrike Fischer,
Yvon Henel, 
Yvonne Hoffmüller,
David Kastrup,
Markus Kohm,
Thomas Lotze,
Frank Mittelbach,
Heiko Oberdiek,
Walter Schmidt,
Stefan Stoll,
Knut Wenzig,
Emanuele Zannarini, 
and
Reinhard Zierke
for tips, remarks, and corrections of the German original version.

\subsection*{Contributors to the English translation}

Barbara Beeton,
Karl Berry,
Christoph Bier, 
Stephen Eglen,
Klas Elmgren, 
Gernot Hassenpflug,
Yvon Henel,
Hendrik Maryns,
Walter Schmidt,
Maarten Sneep,
Stefan Ulrich,
Jos\'{e} Carlos Santos,
Knut Wenzig, 
Bruno Wöhrer, and
Federico Zenith
have contributed to the English version, making suggestions, or
encouraging development.\\ 

\noindent If we have forgotten anyone please
send an email to the maintainer of the respective language version.

%\newpage


\clearpage
\tableofcontents 
%\clearpage

\section{`Deadly sins'\,---\,The most severe mistakes in using \LaTeXe}
\label{sec:todsunden}
In this section we probably have gathered together the most severe
mistakes that appear again and again in \News{de.comp.text.tex},
leaving regulars either with a flush of anger or weeping with tears
in their eyes.  \texttt{;-)}

\subsection{\Paket{a4}, \Paket{a4wide}}
\label{sec:paketa4-paketa4wide}

Do not use these `two' packages any longer. You should delete them
without replacement from your \LaTeX{} source. Use the class option
\Option{a4paper} instead. Speaking in terms of typography these
packages, or others similar to these do not provide good layout. What
is even worse, there is more than one version of these packages
around, and different versions of those packages are incompatible with
one another, providing deviating settings for page margins.  So you
may not trust that your document will look the same\,---\,or just as bad?
-- when being compiled on someone else's system when exchanging
\LaTeX{} source.

\Ersetze{\Paket{a4}, \normalcolor or \color{red} \Paket{a4wide}}{class option \Option{a4paper}}

\subsection{Modifying page layout}
\label{sec:layoutanderungen}
Page margins produced by the standard classes (\Klasse{article},
\Klasse{report}, \Klasse{book}) are often deemed too wide by European
users printing on A4 paper. They should use the corresponding classes
from the \KOMAScript{} bundle instead (\Klasse{scrartcl},
\Klasse{scrreprt}, \Klasse{scrbook}). These classes have been made
with a European point of view on typography in mind. You can also use
\Paket{typearea} which is part of \KOMAScript{} with any other
document class. The documentation included in the bundle provides some
more information.  Indeed, this very paper was typeset using
\Klasse{scrartcl}.

If you really need to use page margins altogether different from the
ones produced by \Paket{typearea} use \Paket{geometry}, or
\Paket{vmargin} because these packages provide reasonable proportions
in setting page margins. Do not use \Macro{oddsidemargin} or similar
commands for modifying page layout.

Under no circumstances change \Macro{hoffset}, or \Macro{voffset},
unless you really understand what \TeX{} is doing here.

\subsection{Changing packages and document classes}
\label{sec:ander-von-paket}
Never modify \LaTeX{} class files (\emph{e.g.}, \Klasse{article},
\Klasse{scrbook}) or packages (style files, \emph{e.g.},
\Paket{varioref}, \Paket{color}) directly! If you do not want to make
yourself a `container class', or a \texttt{.sty} file of your own you
should \emph{copy} the class, or style files, edit \emph{the copy},
and save it as a \emph{different} file using a \emph{different} file
name.

On how to create container classes see the
\Doku{De-TeX-FAQ}~\cite[question 5.1.5]{faq:02}.

\paragraph{Note:}
\label{sec:hinweis}

Install any additional files, or packages in the local texmf tree in
your \texttt{\$HOME} directory.  Otherwise these changes will be
overwritten when upgrading your \TeX{} distribution. Styles or
packages you only need in one particular project or which you may want
to hand on to someone you wish to share your project with may as well
be saved in the current working directory. See the
\Doku{De-TeX-FAQ}~\cite[question 5.1.4]{faq:02}, or the \Doku{UK
  FAQ}\cite[`Installing \LaTeX{} files', section K, `Where to put new
files', question 90]{ukfaq:99}.

\subsection{Changing inter-line space using \texttt{\textbackslash
    baselinestretch}} 
\label{sec:ander-des-zeil}

As a rule of thumb, parameters should be set on the highest possible
level within a user interface. So if you want to reset inter-line
space you can do so on three levels:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Either by using the \Paket{setspace} package;
\item or by using the \LaTeX{} command \LMacro{linespread}{<factor>};
\item or by redefining \Macro{baselinestretch}.
\end{enumerate}
Redefining parameters such as \Macro{baselinestretch} works on the
lowest \LaTeX{} level available\,---\,which should better be left to
packages. The \Macro{linespread} command is provided for this, so it
is a better way to get more inter-line space than fiddling with
\Macro{baselinestretch}. It is even better, though, to use
\Paket{setspace} which also takes care of space in footnotes and list
environments that you usually don't want to change when modifying
inter-line space.

So if you just need some more spacing between lines, say, you would
like to set spacing to one half or to double spacing, \Paket{setspace}
provides the easiest way to achieve this. However, if you only want to
use fonts other than Computer Modern you may use
\LMacro{linespread}{<factor>}. For example, when using Palatino
\LMacro{linespread}{1.05} would be appropriate.

\subsection[Parindent and the spread between paragraphs
(\texttt{\textbackslash{}parindent},
\texttt{\textbackslash{}parskip})]{Paragraph indent and the spread
  between paragraphs (\texttt{\textbackslash{}parindent},
  \texttt{\textbackslash{}parskip})}
\label{sec:absatz-und-abst}

It may make sense to change the indent of the first line in paragraphs
(\Macro{parindent}). However, if you do so, please note the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item Never use absolute sizes (\emph{e.g.}, `mm') to modify paragraph
  indent.  Use sizes that depend on font size, such as `em', for
  example.  The latter does \emph{not} mean that indent adapts
  automatically when changing the font size. Rather, the value that
  goes with the font currently activated is used.
\item Always use \LaTeX{} commands. For example, this may make it
  easier to parse\footnote{That is to say, analyse syntactically, or
    split up.}  a \LaTeX{} file through an external program, or
  script. Your code will be easier to maintain, too. So problems
  concerning compatibility with other packages can be avoided as well
  (\Paket{calc}, for example).
  \Ersetze{\Macro{parindent}\texttt{=1em}}{\LMacro{setlength}{\Macro{parindent}}\{1em\}}
\end{itemize}
%
In case you prefer some additional space between paragraphs to
paragraph indent for marking the start of a new paragraph (`zero
paragraph indent') do \emph{not} use 
\color{red}
\begin{verbatim}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{\baselineskip}
\end{verbatim}
\normalcolor
%
\Macro{parskip} should not be used as it will also modify settings for
list environments, table of contents, etc., and headings.

The \Paket{parskip} package, however, as well as the \KOMAScript\
classes go to some lengths to avoid these side effects. On how to use
these \KOMAScript{} class options (\Option{parskip},
\Option{halfparskip}, etc.)\  see \Doku{scrguien}~\cite{kohm:03}. When
using one of the \KOMAScript{} classes you do \emph{not} need to load
\Paket{parskip}.

\subsection{Separating maths formulae from continuous text using \texttt{\$\$\dots\$\$}}
\label{sec:abges-form-mit}

Please don't do this! \texttt{\$\$\dots\$\$} is a Plain \TeX{}
command.  It will modify vertical spacing within formulae, rendering
them inconsistent. This is why it should be avoided in \LaTeX{} (see
section~\vref{sec:mathematiksatz}; note the warning concerning
\texttt{displaymath} along with the \Paket{amsmath} package). What's
more, class option \Option{fleqn} won't work any more.

\Ersetze{\texttt{\$\$\dots\$\$}}{%
\parbox[t]{.3\textwidth}{%
\Macro{[}\texttt{\dots}\Macro{]}\\
\textcolor{black}{or}\\
\Env{displaymath}{\dots}}}

\subsection{\texttt{\textbackslash def} vs. \texttt{\textbackslash newcommand}}
\label{sec:def-vs.-newcommand}

\emph{Always} use \NewCom{<name>}{\dots} for defining
macros.\footnote{See \cite[section 2.7.2]{clsguide}, \cite[section
  3.4]{usrguide}.} 

\emph{Never} use \Macro{def}\LMacro{<name>}{\dots}. The main problem
with \Macro{def} is that no check is done on whether there already
exists another macro of the same name. So a macro defined earlier may
be overwritten without any error warning.

Macros may be re-defined using \ReNewCom{<name>}{\dots}.

If you know \emph{why} you need to use \Macro{def} you will probably
know about the pros and cons of this command. Then, you may as well
ignore this subsection.

\subsection{Should I use \texttt{\textbackslash sloppy}?}
\label{sec:verw-von-textttt}

Frankly speaking, the \Macro{sloppy} switch should not be used at all.
Most notably you shouldn't use it in the preamble of a document. If
line breaks appear in single paragraphs you should

\begin{enumerate}
\item check whether the right hyphenation patterns, \emph{e.g.},
  \Paket{(n)german}, and T1 fonts have been loaded (see
  \Doku{De-TeX-FAQ}\cite[section 5.3]{faq:02}), or the \Doku{UK
    FAQ}\cite[`Hyphenation', section Q.7]{ukfaq:99};
\item put your text in other words. You do not necessarily need to
  change the sentence the line break problem appears in. It may
  suffice to change the preceding, or the next sentence;
\item slightly change some parameters \TeX{} uses for line-breaking,
  and page-breaking. Axel Reichert suggested the following
  solution\footnote{Of course you may change these values according to
    taste, but beware of fiddling with \TB\texttt{emergencystretch}.
    Otherwise you'll get quite sloppy justified text as you would get
    with a rather well-known text processor.} on
  \News{de.comp.text.tex}:\footnote{The posting may be found as
    \MID{a84us0$plqcm$7@ID-30533.news.dfncis.de}{a84us0\$plqcm\$7@ID-30533.news.dfncis.de}}:

  \begin{minipage}[t]{\linewidth}
\begin{verbatim}
\tolerance 1414
\hbadness 1414
\emergencystretch 1.5em
\hfuzz 0.3pt
\widowpenalty=10000
\vfuzz \hfuzz
\raggedbottom
\end{verbatim}
    % \hspace{\baselineskip} % Yup, I know this isn't correct! ;-)
  \end{minipage}
  \par

  Note that warnings appearing with the above settings \emph{really}
  should be taken seriously. You \emph{should} consider putting your
  text in other words, then.
\end{enumerate}
%
Only if this fails you may try to typeset the following paragraph more
`loosely' using the \texttt{sloppypar} environment.
\begin{figure}[htp]
  % If someone should wonder about the additional \fussy or the
  % missing \sloppy :  Use the Source Luke!  \parbox by default typesets
  % \sloppy, so for the original linebreak \fussy is required.
  \begin{minipage}[t]{.45\textwidth}
    \centering {\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\fontencoding{OT1}\selectfont
      \fbox{\parbox{16.27em}{\fussy%
          tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tata\-tata tatata tatata
          tatata tatata tatata tatata tata\-tata tatata tatata tatata tatata
          ta\-tatatatt\-ta tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata
          ta\-ta\-ta\-ta}}}
    \caption{\LaTeX' s default settings}%
    \label{fig:beispiel-mit-latex}%
  \end{minipage}%
  \hfill%
  \begin{minipage}[t]{.45\textwidth}
    \centering    
    {\fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\fontencoding{OT1}\selectfont
      \fbox{\parbox{16.27em}{%
          tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tata\-tata tatata tatata
          tatata tatata tatata tatata tata\-tata tatata tatata tatata tatata
          ta\-tatatatt\-ta tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata
          ta\-ta\-ta\-ta}}}
    \caption{This demonstrates the effect of \texttt{\string\sloppy}}
    \label{fig:beisp-mit-textttstr}
  \end{minipage}
\end{figure}

In figures~\ref{fig:beispiel-mit-latex}
and~\vref{fig:beisp-mit-textttstr} I have tried to show the effect of
\Macro{sloppy}. This also depends on the font employed. When using
Times the negative effects of \Macro{sloppy} do not show as extremely
as with, say, Computer Modern.  The effect in principle, however,
should become clear.

In \News{comp.text.tex} Markus Kohm has posted an example that shows
this effect even better. With his kind permission I quote his code
appendix~\vref{sec:beispiel-zu-sloppy}.

%----------------------- section "Obsolete" ------------------------
\section{Some obsolete commands and packages}
\label{sec:obsoletes}

Markus Kohm has written a Perl script you can test your files online
with for the most common mistakes. See
\url{http://kohm.de.tf/markus/texidate.html}.  Please note, however,
that this script is not a complete \TeX{} parser. This is why it will
only check for the most common mistakes. Please test your file first,
then post for help to a newsgroup, or to a mailing list.

\subsection{Commands}
\label{sec:befehle}

\subsubsection{Changing font style}
\label{sec:ander-des-schr}
Table~\vref{tab:befehle-zur-anderung} shows obsolete and `proper'
commands in \LaTeXe{} side by side for changing font style. Macros
called `local' only apply to their own argument whereas those called
`global/switch' will apply to all following text till the end of the
document. 

\paragraph{Why not use obsolete commands?}
\label{sec:warum-sollte-man}

Obsolete commands do not support \LaTeXe's new font selection scheme,
or NFSS. \GMacro{bf}{foo}, for example, resets all font attributes
which had been set earlier before it prints \emph{foo} in bold face.
This is why you cannot simply define a bold-italics style by
\GMacro{it}{\Macro{bf Test}} only. (This definition will produce:
{\it\bf Test}.) On the other hand, the new commands
\LMacro{textbf}{\LMacro{textit}{Test}} will behave as expected
producing: \textbf{\textit{Test}}. Apart from that, with the former
commands there is no `italic correction', cf. for instance {\it
  half}hearted (\GMacro{it}{half}\texttt{hearted}) to
\textit{half}hearted (\LMacro{textit}{half}\texttt{hearted}).

For an overview of NFSS see \cite{fntguide}.

\begin{table}
  \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
    \renewcommand{\footnoterule}{}
    \centering
    \caption{Commands for changing font style}
    \label{tab:befehle-zur-anderung}
  \begin{tabular}{@{}lll@{}}
    \toprule
    \multicolumn{1}{@{}N}{obsolete}&
    \multicolumn{2}{C@{}}{Replacement in \LaTeXe}\\
    \cmidrule(l){2-3}
    &
    \multicolumn{1}{N}{local} &
    \multicolumn{1}{N@{}}{global/switch}\\
    \cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
    \GMacro{bf}{\dots} & \LMacro{textbf}{\dots} & \Macro{bfseries}\\
    ---  & \LMacro{emph}{\dots}   & \Macro{em}\footnote{May be useful
      when defining macros. In continuous text \LMacro{emph}{\dots}
      should be preferred to \Macro{em}.}\\ 
    \GMacro{it}{\dots} & \LMacro{textit}{\dots} & \Macro{itshape}\\
    ---  & \LMacro{textmd}{\dots} & \Macro{mdseries}\\
    \GMacro{rm}{\dots} & \LMacro{textrm}{\dots} & \Macro{rmfamily}\\
    \GMacro{sc}{\dots} & \LMacro{textsc}{\dots} & \Macro{scshape}\\
    \GMacro{sf}{\dots} & \LMacro{textsf}{\dots} & \Macro{sffamily}\\
    \GMacro{sl}{\dots} & \LMacro{textsl}{\dots} & \Macro{slshape}\\
    \GMacro{tt}{\dots} & \LMacro{texttt}{\dots} & \Macro{ttfamily}\\
    --- & \LMacro{textup}{\dots} & \Macro{upshape}\\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabular}
\end{minipage}
\end{table}

\subsubsection{Mathematical fractions (\texttt{\textbackslash over} vs. \texttt{\textbackslash frac})}
\label{sec:textb-over-vs}

Avoid the \Macro{over} command. \Macro{over} is a \TeX{} command which
due to the syntax differing from \LaTeX's is even more complicated to
parse or which cannot be parsed at all. The \Paket{amsmath} package
redefines \verb+\frac{}{}+ which will result in error messages when
using \Macro{over}. Another point in favour of using \verb+\frac{}{}+
is that it is easier to fill in both the fraction's numerator and
denominator, especially with more complex fractions.

\Ersetze{\texttt{\$a \textbackslash over b\$}}%
{\texttt{\$\textbackslash frac\{a\}\{b\}\$}}

\subsubsection{Centering text using \texttt{\textbackslash centerline}}
\label{sec:centerline}

The \Macro{centerline} command is another \TeX{} command you should
not use. On the one hand \Macro{centerline} is incompatible with some
\LaTeX{} packages, such as \Paket{color}. On the other hand the
package may yield unexpected results.  
\emph{E.g.}:
\begin{center}
  \begin{minipage}[t]{.45\textwidth}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \centerline{An item}
\end{enumerate}
\end{verbatim}
  \end{minipage}%
  \hfill%
%  \hspace{.05\textwidth}%
 \fbox{ \begin{minipage}[t]{.45\textwidth}
    \begin{enumerate}
    \item \centerline{An item}
    \end{enumerate}
  \end{minipage}}
\end{center}
\Ersetze{\LMacro{centerline}{\dots}}%
{\parbox[t]{.3\textwidth}{%
  \GMacro{centering}{\dots}\\
\textcolor{black}{or}\\
\Env{center}{\dots}
}}

\paragraph{Note:}
\label{sec:anmerkung-5}

On how to center graphics and tables see
section~\vref{sec:gleit-figure-table}.

\subsection{Class files and packages}
\label{sec:pakete}

\subsubsection{\Klasse{scrlettr} vs. \Klasse{scrlttr2}}
\label{sec:paketscrl-vs.-pakets}

\Klasse{scrlettr} class from the \KOMAScript\ bundle is obsolete. It
was replaced by \Klasse{scrlttr2}. In order to produce a
layout \emph{similar} to the former \KOMAScript\ letter class use 
class option \Option{KOMAold} which provides a compatibility mode.

\sbox{\Breite}{\texttt{\textbackslash documentclass\{scrltter\}}}
\Ersetzx[\wd\Breite]{\texttt{\textbackslash documentclass\{scrlettr\}}}%
{\texttt{\textbackslash documentclass[KOMAold]\{scrlttr2\}}}

\paragraph{Note:}
\label{sec:anmerkung-3}

For new templates and letters use the new interface. It is definitely
more flexible.

It is not possible to elaborate on the differences between the two
user interfaces in this overview. See \Doku{scrguien}~\cite{kohm:03}
for details.

\subsubsection{\Paket{epsf}, \Paket{psfig}, \Paket{epsfig} vs.
  \Paket{graphics}, \Paket{graphicx}}
\label{sec:grafikeinbindung}

The \Paket{epsf} and the \Paket{psfig} packages have been replaced by
\Paket{graphics} and \Paket{graphicx}.  \Paket{epsfig} is just a
wrapper\footnote{A `wrapper' here denotes a style file which itself
  loads another one or more style files, hence modelling functions.}
for processing old documents which had been done using \Paket{psfig}
with the \Paket{graphicx} package.

As \Paket{epsfig} uses \Paket{graphicx} internally \Paket{epsfig}
still \emph{may} be used. You should not use it, though, for new
documents.  \Paket{graphics} or \Paket{graphicx} should be preferred,
then.  \Paket{epsfig} is mainly provided for reasons of compatibility,
as mentioned above.

For the differences between \Paket{graphics}, and \Paket{graphicx} see
\Doku{grfguide}~\cite{graphicx:99}. For hints on centering graphics see
section~\vref{sec:gleit-figure-table}.

\sbox{\Breite}{\LMacro{psfig}{file=Bild,\dots}}
\Ersetze{\parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{\Use{psfig}\\%
    \LMacro{psfig}{file=image,\dots}}}%
{\parbox[t]{.45\textwidth}{%
    \Use{graphicx}\\%
    \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics[\dots]\{image\}}}}

\subsubsection{\Paket{doublespace} vs. \Paket{setspace}}
\label{sec:zeilenabstande}

For changing inter-line space use the \Paket{setspace} package.
\Paket{doublespace} is obsolete. It was replaced by \Paket{setspace}.
Cf. section~\vref{sec:ander-des-zeil}.

\Ersetze{\Use{doublespace}}{\Use{setspace}}

\subsubsection{\Paket{fancyheadings}, \Paket{scrpage} vs. \Paket{fancyhdr}, \Paket{scrpage2}}
\label{sec:lebende-kolumn}

The \Paket{fancyheadings} package was replaced by \Paket{fancyhdr}.
Another way to modify headings is provided by the \Paket{scrpage2}
package from the \KOMAScript\ bundle. Do not use \Paket{scrpage} for
it is obsolete. For documentation on \Paket{scrpage2} see
\Doku{scrguien}~\cite{kohm:03}.

\Ersetze{\Use{fancyheadings}}{\Use{fancyhdr}}
\Ersetze{\Use{scrpage}}{\Use{scrpage2}}

\subsubsection{The \Paket{caption} family of packages}
\label{sec:die-caption-famile}

The \Paket{caption2} package should no longer be used because there is
a new version (v3.x) of \Paket{caption}.  Please make sure to use the
latest version of this package by loading \Paket{caption} like this:
\Ersetze{\Use{caption}}{\UseV{caption}{2004/07/16}}

In case you used \Paket{caption2} before, please have a look into the
package documentation \Doku{anleitung}~\cite[section~8]{caption:04}.

\subsubsection{\Paket{isolatin}, \Paket{umlaut} vs. \Paket{inputenc}}
\label{sec:eingabe-von-umlauten}

\paragraph{Some general notes: }
\label{sec:generelles}

Basically there are four ways to input German \emph{umlauts} and
other non-ASCII characters:

\begin{enumerate}
\item \verb+H{\"u}lle+: This will work on any given system anytime.
  
  The main disadvantages, however, are that
  kerning\footnote{`Kerning' means including positive or negative
    space between characters depending on which characters are to be
    typeset.} between letters is disturbed badly; it is extremely
  complicated to input at least in a German-language text; and it is
  rather hard to read in source code.
  
  So this variant should \emph{always} be avoided due to the problems
  as far as kerning is concerned.
  
\item With \verb+H\"ulle+ or \verb+H\"{u}lle+ the aforementioned
  problems as far as kerning is concerned do not appear. It can be
  used on every system, too.
  
  However it is just as tricky to input and to read the text as with
  the above variant.
  
  This variant does make sense, however, when defining macros or style
  files for it does not require a particular text file encoding nor
  any additional packages.\label{item:die-eingabe-der}
  
\item With \Paket{(n)german} or the \Option{(n)german} option in
  \Paket{babel} German \emph{umlauts} can be input more easily
  (\verb+H"ulle+). Again this will work on all systems. As both
  \Paket{babel} and \Paket{(n)german} are available on all \TeX\
  systems there should be no problems as far as compatibility is
  concerned.
  
  However, this again is tricky to input, and the source is
  comparatively hard to read.

  This variant is best for use in continuous text. But it should be
  avoided in macro definitions and in preambles.
  
\item Direct input (\verb+Hülle+). The advantage of this variant is
  obvious. You can input and read the continuous source text just as
  any other `normal' text.
  
  On the other hand you have to tell \LaTeX{} which input encoding is
  used. There may also be problems when exchanging files between
  different systems. This is \emph{not} a problem for \TeX, or \LaTeX{} 
  itself, but it may cause \emph{problems in displaying text in
    editors} on different systems. For example, a Euro currency
  symbol encoded in iso-8859-15 (latin9) may be \emph{displayed} in an
  editor on a windows box (CP1252) as \textcurrency\ .

  This variant is quite good for continuous text. It should, however,
  be avoided in macro definitions and in preambles.
\end{enumerate}
%
To sum it up, in macros, in preambles, and in style files
\verb+H\"ulle+, or \verb+H\"{u}lle+ should be used, while in the rest
of the text you should either use \verb+H"ulle+, or \verb+Hülle+.

\paragraph{Input Encoding}
\label{sec:eingabekodierung-1}

Do \emph{not} use the packages \Paket{isolatin1}, \Paket{isolatin}, or
\Paket{umlaut} for setting input encoding! Those packages are either
obsolete, or they are not available on any given system.

Use \Paket{inputenc}. There are four options available:
\begin{description}
\item[latin1/latin9] for Unix-like systems (latin1 also works on MS
  Windows and Mac OS\,X)
\item[ansinew] for MS Windows
\item[applemac] for the Macintosh\footnote{latin1 encoding is
    recommended for OS\,X users, too, as it is better fit for
    exchanging files cross-platform than applemac. If you do so you
    should, however, check the encoding settings of your editor first.
    In the long run you might like to switch to unicode, but please
    note that unicode support in \Paket{inputenc} still is a work in
    progress at this point of time. Some users say they are content
    with \Paket{ucs} from the \textsf{unicode} package.}
\item[cp850] for OS/2
\end{description}

\Ersetze{\Use{isolatin1}}{\UseO{latin1}{inputenc}}
\Ersetze{\Use{umlaut}}{\UseO{latin1}{inputenc}}

\subsubsection{\Paket{t1enc} vs. \Paket{fontenc}}
\label{sec:schriftkodierung}

Generally speaking, the topic has been dealt with sufficiently in both
the \Doku{De-TeX-FAQ}~\cite[questions 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 10.1.10]{faq:02},
and the \Doku{UK FAQ}~\cite[`Why use \emph{fontenc} rather than
\emph{t1enc}', question 358]{ukfaq:99}. So all that remains to be said
is that \Paket{t1enc} is obsolete and hence should be replaced by
\Paket{fontenc}.  

\Ersetze{\Use{t1enc}}{\UseO{T1}{fontenc}}

\subsubsection{\Bst{natdin} vs. \Bst{dinat}}
\label{sec:liter-nach-din}

Style file \Bst{natdin} was replaced by \Bst{dinat}.
\Ersetze{\Bib{natdin}}{\Bib{dinat}}

\subsection{Fonts}
\label{sec:schriften}

`Fonts and \LaTeX' is a troublesome topic. Most discussions in
\News{de.comp.text.tex} start with the question why fonts display so
`fuzzy' in Adobe Acrobat\textsuperscript{\textregistered} Reader. Most
answers point to the \Paket{times} or \Paket{pslatex} packages.
However, those packages use completely different sets of fonts.

For an overview of \LaTeXe's New Font Selection Scheme, or NFSS see
\cite{fntguide}.

For making Computer Modern fonts display just fine in \emph{acroread}
see \Doku{De-TeX-FAQ}~\cite[question 9.2.3]{faq:02}, or \Doku{UK
  FAQ}~\cite[`The wrong type of fonts in PDF', question 114]{ukfaq:99}.

\subsubsection{\Paket{times}}
\label{sec:pakettimes}

\Paket{times} is obsolete (see \Doku{psnfss2e} \cite{psnfss:02}). It
does set \Macro{rmdefault} to Times, \Macro{sfdefault} to Helvetica,
and \Macro{ttdefault} to Courier. But it does \emph{not} use the
corresponding mathematical fonts. What's more, Helvetica is not scaled
correctly which makes it appear too big in comparison. So if you want
to use the combination Times/\/Helvetica/\/Courier you should use:

\sbox{\Breite}{\UseO{scaled=.95}{helvet}} 
\Ersetze{\Use{times}}%
{\parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{%
    \Use{mathptmx}\\
    \UseO{scaled=.90}{helvet}\\
    \Use{courier}}}

\paragraph{Note.}
\label{sec:anmerkung-1}

The scaling factor for \Paket{helvet} together with Times should be
somewhere between $0.90$ and $0.92$.

\subsubsection{\Paket{mathptm}}
\label{sec:mathptm}

\Paket{mathptm} is the predecessor to \Paket{mathptmx}. So please use
the latter for typesetting mathematical formulae in Times.

\Ersetze{\Use{mathptm}}{\Use{mathptmx}}

\subsubsection{\Paket{pslatex}}
\label{sec:paketpslatex}

\Paket{pslatex} internally works like \Paket{mathptm}$+$
\Paket{helvet} (scaled). However, it uses a Courier font scaled too
narrowly. The main disadvantage in using \Paket{pslatex} is that it
does \emph{not} work with T1 and TS1 encodings.

\Ersetze{\Use{pslatex}}{\parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{\Use{mathptmx}\\\UseO{scaled=.90}{helvet}\\\Use{courier}}}

\paragraph{Note on Courier for all combinations of Times/Helvetica}
\label{sec:anmerkung-zu-allen}

You do not have to load \Paket{courier} at all. You may use the usual
\texttt{cmtt} font for typewriter faces.

\subsubsection{\Paket{palatino}}
\label{sec:paketpalatino}

\Paket{palatino} behaves like \Paket{times}\,---\,apart from setting
\Macro{rmdefault} to Palatino, of course. \Paket{palatino} is
obsolete, too. This is why it should not be used any more.

\Ersetze{\Use{palatino}}{\parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{\Use{mathpazo}\\\UseO{scaled=.95}{helvet}\\\Use{courier}}}

\paragraph{Note:}
\label{sec:anmerkung-2}

Scaling factor for \Paket{helvet} in combination with Palatino should
be set to $0.95$.

Helvetica is \emph{not} the `best' sans-serif font at all for use with
Palatino. It rather is the best \emph{freely-available} one.  He that
possesses a CorelDraw\textsuperscript{\textregistered}-CD (this may
well be an older version) can use Palatino quite well along with
Frutiger\footnote{Bitstream Humanist 777, bfr}, or
Optima\footnote{Bitstream Zapf Humanist, bop}. Walter Schmidt supplies
adaptations for using some PostScript fonts with \TeX{} on his
homepage.\footnote{Fonts for \TeX:
  \url{http://home.vr-web.de/was/fonts}} 

\subsubsection{\Paket{mathpple}}
\label{sec:paketmathpple}

This package was a predecessor to \Paket{mathpazo}. It lacks some
symbol fonts. So those fonts are taken from the Euler fonts instead.
Some other symbols are not fit for use with Palatino as the font
metrics are not correct. For details cf.
\Doku{psnfss2e}~\cite{psnfss:02}.

\subsubsection{Typesetting upright greek letters}
\label{sec:aufr-griech-buchst}

The passages I have marked as red in the following are not obsolete in
the sense of `you should not use this any more', but now editing text
is made much easier by \Paket{upgreek}. For some more hints on usage
please see the documentation \Doku{upgreek}~\cite{upgreek:01}.

\minisec{The \Paket{pifont} tricks}\nopagebreak[4]
\sbox{\Breite}{\NewCom{uppi}{\LMacro{Pisymbol}{psy}\{112\}}}
\Ersetzx[\wd\Breite]{%
  \Use{pifont}\\
  \NewCom{uppi}{\LMacro{Pisymbol}{psy}\{112\}}\\
  \Macro{uppi}\\
  \textcolor{black}{or}\\
  \NewCom[{[1]}]{upgreek}{\%\\
    ~\Macro{usefont}\{U\}\{psy\}\{m\}\{n\}\#1}\\
  \LMacro{upgreek}{p}
}%
{%
  \Use{upgreek}\\
  \$\Macro{uppi}\$
}

\minisec{The \Paket{babel} trick}

\Ersetzx[\wd\Breite]{%
  \UseO{greek,\dots}{babel}\\
  \NewCom[{[1]}]{upgreek}{\%\\
    ~\LMacro{foreignlanguage}{greek}\{\#1\}}\\
  \LMacro{upgreek}{p}
  }
  {%
  \Use{upgreek}\\
  \$\Macro{uppi}\$
}

\subsubsection{\Paket{euler} vs. \Paket{eulervm}}
\label{sec:euler-eulervm}

Use \Paket{eulervm} instead of \Paket{euler} for mathematical
typesetting.  \Paket{eulervm} is a \LaTeX{} package for using the
eulervm fonts. These are virtual math fonts based on both the Euler
and the CM fonts. consuming less of \TeX's resources and supplying
some improved math symbols. Improved \texttt{$\backslash$hslash} and
\texttt{$\backslash$hbar} are also supplied. Please see the package
documentation \Doku{eulervm}~\cite{eulervm:04} for details.

\Ersetze{\Use{euler}}{\parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{\Use{eulervm}}}

%-------------------- section "Miscellanous" ---------------------
\section{Miscellaneous}
\label{sec:verschiedenes}

This section\,---\,apart from~\vref{sec:der-anhang}\,---\,gives some more
general advice than the `deadly sins' section, pp.\,\pageref{sec:todsunden}\,ff.

\subsection{Floats\,---\,`figure', `table'}
\label{sec:gleit-figure-table}

For centering a float environment we recommend you use
\Macro{centering} instead of \newline\LMacro{begin}{center} \dots{}
\LMacro{end}{center} because the latter will include an additional
vertical skip you can do without in most cases.
\sbox{\Breite}{\LMacro{includegraphics}{bild}}
\Ersetze{\parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{%
    \Env{figure}{\Env{center}{\LMacro{includegraphics}{bild}}} }}%
{\parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{%
    \Env{figure}{\Macro{centering}\\%
      \LMacro{includegraphics}{bild}} }}

\paragraph{Note:}
\label{sec:anmerkung-4}

However, when centering a region within continuous text or within a
\verb+titlepage+ environment this additional space may be welcome!

\subsection{The appendix}
\label{sec:der-anhang}

The appendix is introduced by the \Macro{appendix} \emph{command}.
Note that this is \emph{not an environment}.

\sbox{\Breite}{\LMacro{begin}{appendix}}
\Ersetze{\parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{%
    \Env{appendix}%
    {\LMacro{section}{Blub}}}}%
{\parbox[t]{.33\textwidth}{%
    \Macro{appendix}\\
    \LMacro{section}{Blub} }}

\subsection{Mathematical typesetting}
\label{sec:mathematiksatz}

Generally speaking, you should use \Paket{amsmath} for advanced
mathematical typesetting, providing a number of new environments replacing
\texttt{eqnarray} in the first place. The main advantages of the
package are these:

\begin{itemize}
\item Spacing within and around environments is more consistent.
\item Equation numbering will be placed in a way so that they will not
  be printed over any more.
\item Some new environments, \emph{e.g.}, \texttt{split}, provide a
  solution to split up long equations easily.
\item It is easy to define new operators (similar to \Macro{sin},
  etc.)\ with proper spacing.
\end{itemize}

\paragraph{Warning:}
\label{sec:warnung}

When using \Paket{amsmath} you should \emph{never} use the
\texttt{displaymath}, \texttt{eqnarray}, or \texttt{eqnarray*}
environments because those are not supported by \Paket{amsmath}.
Otherwise this would lead to inconsistent spacing.

\texttt{\textbackslash [\dots\textbackslash]} is adapted correctly by
\Paket{amsmath}. So it may be used instead of \texttt{displaymath}.
\texttt{eqnarray}, and \texttt{eqnarray*} may be replaced by
\texttt{align}, or \texttt{align*}. For a complete overview of
\Paket{amsmath} see \Doku{amsldoc}~\cite{amsldoc:99}.

\sbox{\Breite}{\LMacro{includegraphics}{bild}}
\Ersetze{%
  \parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{%
    \Env{eqnarray}{%
       a \&=\& b \textbackslash\textbackslash\\
       b \&=\& c \textbackslash\textbackslash\\
       a \&=\& c 
    }
  }}%
  {\parbox[t]{\wd\Breite}{%
      \Env{align}{%
        a \&= b \textbackslash\textbackslash\\
        b \&= c \textbackslash\textbackslash\\
        a \&= c
      }
    }}


\subsection{How to use \texttt{\TB graphicspath}}
\label{sec:die-verwendung-von}

There are several reasons why you should avoid the
\Macro{graphicspath} macro. Replace it by setting environment variable
\texttt{TEXINPUTS}:\footnote{Cf. David Carlisle's answer on Markus
  Kohm's `Bug-Report' at\newline
  \url{http://www.latex-project.org/cgi-bin/ltxbugs2html?pr=latex/2618}}
\begin{enumerate}
\item There are \emph{different} separators in path names on different
  platforms. While MS Windows and Unices both use a slash `/', a colon
  `:' was used on Macintosh systems before Mac OS~X.
\item \TeX{} search takes longer than with using the kpathsea library
  (with today's fast chips this is not as important an argument as it
  used to be).
\item \TeX's memory is limited, and every picture uses part of this
  memory. What's more, memory is not cleared during the compiling
  process.
\end{enumerate}
%
In a Bourne shell use 
\begin{verbatim}
$ TEXINPUTS=PictureDir:$TEXINPUTS latex datei.tex
\end{verbatim}
or add to \verb+~/.profile+ 
\begin{verbatim}
export TEXINPUTS=./PictureDir:$TEXINPUTS
\end{verbatim}%$
In the latter case the files in  \texttt{PictureDir} will be found
within the current working directory.

\noindent
Up to MS~Windows~98 the environment variable is set by adding
\begin{verbatim}
set TEXINPUTS=.\PictureDir;%TEXINPUTS%
\end{verbatim}
to your \texttt{autoexec.bat}.  On MS Windows~NT-based systems
according to the `Microsoft Knowledge Base' the variable can be set by
rightclicking at \textsf{My Computer $\rightarrow$ System Properties
  $\rightarrow$ Advanced $\rightarrow$ Environment
  variables}.\footnote{On Windows~2000 you may use:
  \textsf{Start} $\rightarrow$ Settings $\rightarrow$ Control Panel
  $\rightarrow$ System.}

The above are only some suggestions on how to proceed. I am well aware
that \texttt{TEXINPUTS} may be set in different ways. Please see the
documentation of your operating system, or of your \TeX{} distribution
for more.

\subsection{Language-specific macros\,---\,\texttt{\textbackslash*name}}
\label{sec:die-macroname-makros}

From time to time the question comes up in \News{de.comp.text.tex} how
to modify, \emph{e.g.}, the `References' heading to `Literaturliste'
or to something else. So I have compiled those macros in
table~\vref{tab:von-paketng-btw}. They have been taken from the
\Paket{german} package. Users who want to adapt macro output to other
languages may as well refer to this table as an example.

So if you want to change the heading `List of Figures' to, say,
`Pictures' you may use the following command:
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand*{\listfigurename}{Pictures}
\end{verbatim}
The other macros are changed in the same way respectively. With
\Paket{babel} use the \Macro{addto} macro. For more details see the
\Doku{De-TeX-FAQ}~\cite{faq:02}.

\begin{table}
  \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
    \centering
    \caption{Macros defined by \Paket{(n)german} or by \Paket{babel}
      with the \Option{(n)german} option}
    \label{tab:von-paketng-btw}
    \begin{tabular}{@{}lll@{}}
      \toprule
      \multicolumn{1}{@{}N}{Name of macro}        & 
      \multicolumn{1}{N}{Original definition} & 
      \multicolumn{1}{N@{}}{Usual output in German}                                           \\
      \cmidrule(r){1-1}\cmidrule(lr){2-2}\cmidrule(l){3-3}
      \Macro{prefacename}                     & Preface         & Vorwort               \\
      \Macro{refname}\footnote{In \texttt{article} class only.}
                                              & References      & Literatur             \\
      \Macro{abstractname}                    & Abstract        & Zusammenfassung       \\
      \Macro{bibname}\footnote{In \texttt{report} and
      \texttt{book} classes only.}
                                              & Bibliography    & Literaturverzeichnis  \\
      \Macro{chaptername}                     & Chapter         & Kapitel               \\
      \Macro{appendixname}                    & Appendix        & Anhang                \\
      \Macro{contentsname}                    & Contents        & Inhaltsverzeichnis    \\
      \Macro{listfigurename}                  & List of Figures & Abbildungsverzeichnis \\
      \Macro{listtablename}                   & List of Tables  & Tabellenverzeichnis   \\
      \Macro{indexname}                       & Index           & Index                 \\
      \Macro{figurename}                      & Figure          & Abbildung             \\
      \Macro{tablename}                       & Table           & Tabelle               \\
      \Macro{partname}                        & Part            & Teil                  \\
      \Macro{enclname}                        & encl            & Anlage(n)             \\
      \Macro{ccname}                          & cc              & Verteiler             \\
      \Macro{headtoname}                      & To              & An                    \\
      \Macro{pagename}                        & Page            & Seite                 \\
      \Macro{seename}                         & see             & siehe                 \\
      \Macro{alsoname}                        & see also        & siehe auch            \\
      \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
  \end{minipage}
\end{table}
\clearpage
\appendix

\begin{thebibliography}{99}\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{References}%

\bibitem{amsldoc:99} \textsc{American Mathematical Society}:
  \emph{User's Guide for the {\texttt{amsmath}} Package}. December 1999,
  Version~2.0. \biburl{CTAN://macros/latex/required/amslatex/}.
  
\bibitem{graphicx:99} \textsc{David~P. Carlisle}: \emph{Packages in the
    `graphics' bundle}. January 1999.
  \biburl{CTAN://macros/latex/required/graphics/}.

\bibitem{ukfaq:99}\textsc{Robin Fairbairns}: \emph{The UK \TeX\ FAQ.
    Your 407 Questions Answered.}  WWW, Version~3.16, 30 June 2006,
  \biburl{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.
 
\bibitem{kohm:03} \textsc{Markus Kohm}, \textsc{Frank Neukam} und
  \textsc{Axel Kielhorn}: \emph{The KOMA-Script Bundle}.
  \Doku{scrguien}.
  \biburl{CTAN://macros/latex/supported/koma-script/}.

\bibitem{clsguide} \textsc{The \LaTeX3 Project}: \LaTeXe{} for
  class and package writers. 1999.
  \biburl{CTAN://macros/latex/doc/clsguide.pdf}

\bibitem{fntguide} \textsc{The \LaTeX3 Project}: \LaTeXe{} font
  selection. 2000.
  \biburl{CTAN://macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf}

\bibitem{usrguide} \textsc{The \LaTeX3 Project}: \LaTeXe{} for
  authors. 2001.
  \biburl{CTAN://macros/latex/doc/usrguide.pdf}

\bibitem{faq:02} \textsc{Bernd Raichle}, \textsc{Rolf Niepraschk} und
  \textsc{Thomas Hafner}: \emph{Fragen und Antworten (FAQ) über das
    Textsatzsystem {\TeX\ }und DANTE, Deutschsprachige
    Anwendervereinigung {\TeX\ }e.V.} WWW, Version~72. September 2003,
  \biburl{http://www.dante.de/faq/de-tex-faq/}.
  
\bibitem{upgreek:01} \textsc{Walter Schmidt}: \emph{The
    {\textsf{upgreek}} package for {\LaTeXe}}.  May 2001, Version~1.0.
  \biburl{CTAN://macros/latex/contrib/supported/was/}.
  
\bibitem{psnfss:02} \textsc{Walter Schmidt}: \emph{Using common
    PostScript fonts with {\LaTeX}}.  April 2002, PSNFSS version 9.0.
  \biburl{CTAN://macros/latex/required/psnfss/psnfss2e.pdf}

\bibitem{eulervm:04} \textsc{Walter Schmidt}: \emph{The Euler Virtual Math
    Fonts for use with {\LaTeX}}. Januar 2004, Version~3.0a.
  \biburl{CTAN://fonts/eulervm/}  

\bibitem{l2kurz:99} \textsc{Walter Schmidt}, \textsc{Jörg Knappen},
  \textsc{Hubert Partl} und \textsc{Irene Hyna}:
  \emph{{\LaTeXe}-Kurzbeschreibung}. April 1999, Version~2.1.
  \biburl{CTAN://info/lshort/german/}. English Translation available
  at \biburl{CTAN://info/lshort/english/}

\bibitem{caption:04} \textsc{Axel Sommerfeld}:
  \emph{Setzen von Abbildungs- und Tabellenbeschriftungen mit dem
    caption-Paket}. Juli 2004, Version~3.0c.
  \biburl{CTAN://macros/latex/contrib/caption/}.
\end{thebibliography}
\begin{center}$\ast$\ $\ast$\ $\ast$\end{center}
\bigskip
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{An example illustrating the effect of the \texttt{\TB sloppy}
  command}
\label{sec:beispiel-zu-sloppy}
This is the example Markus Kohm published earlier:
\begin{bspcode}{\MID{8557097.gEimXdBtjU@ID-107054.user.dfncis.de}{8557097.gEimXdBtjU@ID-107054.user.dfncis.de}}%
\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass{article}

\setlength{\textwidth}{20em}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\begin{document}
\typeout{First without \string\sloppy\space and underfull \string\hbox}

tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata ta\-ta\-tata
tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tata\-tata
tatata tatata tatata tatata ta\-tatatatt\-ta
tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata ta\-ta\-ta\-ta

\typeout{done.}

\sloppy
\typeout{Second with \string\sloppy\space and underfull \string\hbox}

tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata ta\-ta\-tata
tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tata\-tata
tatata tatata tatata tatata ta\-tatatatt\-ta
tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata tatata ta\-ta\-ta\-ta

\typeout{done.}
\end{document}
\end{verbatim}
\end{bspcode}

\clearpage
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\setlength{\columnsep}{2em}
\setlength{\columnseprule}{.5pt}
\begin{multicols}{2}
\section{GNU Free Documentation Licence}
\label{sec:fdl}

\tiny

\begin{center}

       Version 1.2, November 2002


 Copyright \copyright 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 \bigskip
 
     59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  
 \bigskip
 
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
\end{center}

\subsubsection*{Preamble}

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

\subsubsection*{1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS}

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
work under the conditions stated herein.  The \textbf{"Document"}, below,
refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as \textbf{"you"}.  You accept the license if you
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
under copyright law.

A \textbf{"Modified Version"} of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.

A \textbf{"Secondary Section"} is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.

The \textbf{"Invariant Sections"} are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
Sections then there are none.

The \textbf{"Cover Texts"} are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A \textbf{"Transparent"} copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
of text.  A copy that is not "Transparent" is called \textbf{"Opaque"}.

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, \LaTeX{} input format, SGML
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
processors for output purposes only.

The \textbf{"Title Page"} means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

A section \textbf{"Entitled XYZ"} means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
specific section name mentioned below, such as \textbf{"Acknowledgements"},
\textbf{"Dedications"}, \textbf{"Endorsements"}, or \textbf{"History"}.)  
To \textbf{"Preserve the Title"}
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
no effect on the meaning of this License.

\subsubsection*{2. VERBATIM COPYING}

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.

\subsubsection*{3. COPYING IN QUANTITY}

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

\subsubsection*{4. MODIFICATIONS}

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

\begin{itemize}
\item[A.] 
   Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
   from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
   (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
   of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
   if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
   
\item[B.]
   List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
   responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
   Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
   Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
   unless they release you from this requirement.
   
\item[C.]
   State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
   Modified Version, as the publisher.
   
\item[D.]
   Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
   
\item[E.]
   Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
   adjacent to the other copyright notices.
   
\item[F.]
   Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
   giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
   terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
   
\item[G.]
   Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
   and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
   
\item[H.]
   Include an unaltered copy of this License.
   
\item[I.]
   Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
   to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
   publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
   there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
   stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
   given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
   Version as stated in the previous sentence.
   
\item[J.]
   Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
   public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
   the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
   it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.
   You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
   least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
   publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
   
\item[K.]
   For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
   Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
   the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
   and/or dedications given therein.
   
\item[L.]
   Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
   unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
   or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
   
\item[M.]
   Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
   may not be included in the Modified Version.
   
\item[N.]
   Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
   or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
   
\item[O.]
   Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
\end{itemize}

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties\,---\,for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition
of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

\subsubsection*{5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS}

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must delete all sections
Entitled "Endorsements".

\subsubsection*{6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS}

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

\subsubsection*{7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS}

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.

\subsubsection*{8. TRANSLATION}

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.

\subsubsection*{9. TERMINATION}

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.

\subsubsection*{10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE}

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

\subsubsection*{ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents}

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:

\begin{quote}
    Copyright \copyright  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
    under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
    or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
    with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
    A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
    Free Documentation License".
\end{quote}
    
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

\begin{quote}
    with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
    Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
\end{quote}
    
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.

\end{multicols}
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{\Doku{l2tabuen} revision history}

\begin{description}
\item[v1.8.5.7] Some minor changes by \emph{Gernot Hassenpflug} to
  English typography and style.
\item[v1.8.5.6] Adapted to the UK \TeX{} FAQ v3.16.
\item[v1.8.5.5] Minor fix in the section on \Macro{graphicspath} as to
  the correct notation regarding Mac OS~X. Thanks to \emph{Stephen
    Eglen}. Adapted to the UK \TeX{} FAQ v3.15a.
\item[v1.8.5.4] Minor additions and changes in source code applied.
  Additions to the section on \texttt{\textbackslash baselinestretch}.
  Thanks to \emph{Karl Berry}.
\item[v1.8.5.3] Adapted to the UK \TeX{} FAQ v3.13b. \emph{Legal
    Notice} modified again, hopefully for the benefit of Debian users
  and maintainers (\emph{'There are no invariant sections in this
    document.'}).
\item[v1.8.5.2] Legal notice modified.
\item[v1.8.5.1] Some typos fixed in the section on
  `graphicspath'. Thanks to \emph{Jos\'{e} Carlos Santos}.
\item[v1.8.5] Adapted to the UK \TeX{} FAQ v3.13.
\item[v1.8.4] GNU FDL made applicable to \Doku{l2tabuen}. `Revision
  history' added.
\end{description}
\begin{center}$\ast$\ $\ast$\ $\ast$\end{center}
\end{document}
%%% Local variables:
%%% mode: LaTeX
%%% TeX-master: t
%%% coding: iso-8859-1
%%% End: