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<body>
<div class="document" id="isomath-sty-math-for-scientists">
<h1 class="title">isomath.sty: Math for scientists</h1>
<table class="docinfo" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="docinfo-name" />
<col class="docinfo-content" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Copyright:</th>
<td>© 2008 Günter Milde,
Released under the terms of the GNU General Public License
(v. 2 or later)</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="abstract topic">
<p class="topic-title first">Abstract</p>
<p>The isomath package enables formatting Greek and Latin letters
as symbols for vectors, matrices, and tensors in the typefaces
recommended for scientific papers by the International
Standard ISO 31.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#introduction" id="id13">Introduction</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#motivation" id="id14">Motivation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#features" id="id15">Features</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples" id="id16">Examples</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#related-packages" id="id17">Related packages</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conflicts" id="id18">Conflicts</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding" id="id19">OML font encoding</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conclusions-and-outlook" id="id20">Conclusions and outlook</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#implementation" id="id21">Implementation</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#identification" id="id22">Identification</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#requirements" id="id23">Requirements</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fixmath" id="id24">fixmath</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ifthen" id="id25">ifthen</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#kvoptions" id="id26">kvoptions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#options" id="id27">Options</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rmdefault" id="id28">rmdefault</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sfdefault" id="id29">sfdefault</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets" id="id30">reuseMathalphabets</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#oml-math" id="id31">OML math*</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#declarations" id="id32">Declarations</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#new-math-alphabets" id="id33">New math alphabets</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#redefine-standard-alphabets" id="id34">Redefine standard alphabets</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-aliases" id="id35">Command aliases</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vector-symbols" id="id36">Vector symbols</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#matrix-symbols" id="id37">Matrix symbols</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tensor-symbols" id="id38">Tensor symbols</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#font-mappings" id="id39">Font mappings</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-end" id="id40">The end</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#todo" id="id41">TODO</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#about-this-file" id="id42">About this file</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#references" id="id43">References</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="introduction">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">Introduction</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="motivation">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">Motivation</a></h2>
<p>Scientific organisations like <a class="reference external" href="http://www.iupap.org/">IUPAP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://iupac.org/">IUPAC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/">NIST</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.bipm.org/">BIPM</a>, and others
recommend typesetting math according to International Standard ISO 31
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=46202">Quantities and units</a> (ISO 31-0:1992 to ISO 31-14:1992).<a class="footnote-reference" href="#id2" id="id1">[1]</a></p>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id2" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[1]</a></td><td>A summary of these rules is free available <a class="citation-reference" href="#typefaces" id="id3">[typefaces]</a>. See also
<a class="citation-reference" href="#symbol-fonts" id="id4">[symbol-fonts]</a> and <a class="citation-reference" href="#si-brochure" id="id5">[SI-brochure]</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The traditional <cite>LaTeX-style</cite> deviates in some points from this rules:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vec</span></tt> command produces an array accent, while ISO 31 recommends
a <cite>bold italic</cite> typeface for vector symbols.</li>
<li>Greek letters are excluded from font changes with the math alphabets,
while the ISO 31 rules apply equally to letters from both the Greek
and the Latin alphabet.</li>
<li>There is no provision for typesetting of Greek letters in <cite>bold italic</cite>
style recommended for vectors (even though the required fonts are
available).</li>
<li>There is no provision for typesetting letters in <cite>sans-serif bold italic</cite>
recommended for typesetting tensor symbols.</li>
</ul>
<p>Some of these points are already adressed by <a class="reference internal" href="#related-packages">related packages</a>, however
there is currently no package (known to the author) that defines the
<em>sans-serif bold italic</em> math alphabet needed for tensor symbols.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="features">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">Features</a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath.sty</span></tt> package facilitates the task to abide with ISO 31 when
typesetting math with LaTeX:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">It utilises <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> to re-define Greek letters as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathalpha</span></tt>, taking
them from the &quot;letters&quot; symbol fonts (as opposed to &quot;operators&quot; in
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fontmath.ltx</span></tt>). This ensures that</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Greek letters change shape together with Latin letters if a different
math alphabet is used.</li>
<li>Uppercase Greek letters are typeset in italic style by default.</li>
<li>Upright Greek letters are available through the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf</span></tt> alphabets, if the corresponding fonts are OML encoded.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The <a class="reference internal" href="#command-aliases">command aliases</a> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vectorsym</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\matrixsym</span></tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\tensorsym</span></tt>
select an ISO-conforming typeface.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">For this, <a class="reference internal" href="#new-math-alphabets">new math alphabets</a> are defined:</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt>:</th><td class="field-body">for <em>boldface italic</em>  (vector and matrix
symbols),</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsans</span></tt>:</th><td class="field-body">for <em>sans-serif italic</em> ,</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathboldsans</span></tt>:</th><td class="field-body">for <em>sans-serif bold italic</em>  (tensor symbols).</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The family for these fonts is by default taken from the document's
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\rmdefault</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\sfdefault</span></tt> values.  The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rmdefault=&lt;family&gt;</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sfdefault=&lt;family&gt;</span></tt> <a class="reference internal" href="#options">options</a> can be used to override the defaults.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first"><a class="reference internal" href="#font-mappings">Font mappings</a> are defined for families which have an OML encoded
counterpart but miss the substitution definition.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- Now, it should be possible to typeset, e.g., the symbol for the tensor of
dielectric permittivity ε according to the rules (i.e. sans-serif bold
italic). -->
<div class="caution">
<p class="first admonition-title">Caution!</p>
<p>Using small Greek letters in a math alphabet command (e.g.
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm{\pi}</span></tt>) can lead to garbage.</p>
<p class="last">You can use the <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-math">OML math*</a> options (if the used font supports the
<a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>) or place the Greek letter outside the math
alphabet command. Some packages (including <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a>) provide <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\up*</span></tt>
or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\var*</span></tt> macros for upright Greek letters, e.g.
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm{k}\upOmega</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16">Examples</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\usepackage{isomath}</span></tt></p>
<p>In many cases (when <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\sfdefault</span></tt> expands to &quot;cmss&quot;), the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathboldsans</span></tt> alphabet is neither bold nor sans, as &quot;cmss&quot; has no OML
encoded variants and maps to &quot;cmmi&quot;.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Use <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a> for the sans-serif math alphabets:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\usepackage[sfdefault=cmbr]{isomath}
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Redefine the standard <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vec</span></tt> macro to typeset its argument in <cite>bold
italic</cite>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\usepackage[sfdefault=cmbr]{isomath}
\renewcommand{\vec}{\vectorsym}
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a> package comes with an OML encoded bold roman font but does
not use it for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf</span></tt> in the default setting. With</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\usepackage[charter]{mathdesign}
\usepackage[OMLmathbf,sfdefault=cmbr]{isomath}
</pre>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf{\pi}</span></tt> works as expected.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-packages">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">Related packages</a></h2>
<p>Some packages already define Greek letters as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathalpha</span></tt> and provide the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt> alphabet (in OML):</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/arev.html">arev</a>     (Arev/Vera Sans)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a> (CM Bright)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/eulervm.html">eulervm</a>   (Euler Math)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a>  (Computer Modern)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/hvmath.html">hvmath</a>   (HV-Math/Helvetica)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/mathpazo.html">mathpazo</a> (Palatino)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/tmmath.html">tmmath</a>   (TM-Math/Times)</li>
</ul>
<p>This package builds on and extends <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> by Walter Schmidt
(see <a class="reference internal" href="#requirements">Requirements</a>).</p>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a> package  provides fonts for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsans</span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathboldsans</span></tt> matching with Computer Modern and derivatives.</p>
<div class="section" id="conflicts">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">Conflicts</a></h3>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fourier.html">fourier</a> package for math typesetting with Utopia defines its own,
incompatible math font encodings. It cannot be used with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath</span></tt> but
provides other means to typeset upright or italic Greek (see its
documentation).</p>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/pxfonts.html">pxfonts</a>, and <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/txfonts.html">txfonts</a> packages define many additional
math alphabets and can only be combined with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath</span></tt>, if the
<a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets">reuseMathalphabets</a> option is used.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="oml-font-encoding">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">OML font encoding</a></h2>
<p>If a math alphabet shall support both, Greek and Latin letters, it must use
the OML font encoding — no other established encoding provides Latin and
Greek letters in one font:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>LGR is Greek-only,</li>
<li>T7 is just a &quot;reserved name&quot; for a standard Greek encoding.</li>
</ul>
<p>The <cite>LaTeX font encodings</cite> guide <a class="citation-reference" href="#encguide" id="id6">[encguide]</a> defines:</p>
<blockquote>
The OML encoding contains italic Latin and Greek letters for use in
mathematical formulas (typically used for variables) together with some
symbols.</blockquote>
<p>and names it <cite>TeX math italic</cite>. However, the reference to <em>italic</em> seems to
be a description of the <em>state of the art</em> rather than a necessary
restriction:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The only OML encoded CM font is &quot;Computer Modern Math Italic&quot; (cmmi),</li>
<li>but generally, font encodings (T1, OT1) are not specific to the font shape.</li>
<li>Both, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\DeclareSymbolFont</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\DeclareMathAlphabet</span></tt> require a
{&lt;shape&gt;} argument. Thus it is possible to define OML encoded math
alphabets in roman {n} as well as italic {it} shape without conflicts.</li>
<li>A more suitable public name would be <cite>TeX math letters</cite> or <cite>Original/Old
Math Letters</cite>. The latter would also explain the acronym OML.</li>
</ul>
<p>Unfortunately, support for the OML encoding is missing for many font
families even if the base font contains all Greek letters.
Supported font families can be found searching for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">oml*.fd</span></tt> files and by
grepping for &quot;DeclareFont.*OML&quot;, &quot;SymbolFont.*OML&quot; and &quot;MathAlphabet.*OML&quot;
in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.sty</span></tt> files.</p>
<table border="1" class="booktab docutils">
<caption>Table 1: Fonts supporting the OML font encoding</caption>
<colgroup>
<col width="19%" />
<col width="40%" />
<col width="10%" />
<col width="12%" />
<col width="9%" />
<col width="10%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Name</th>
<th class="head">Family</th>
<th class="head">{m}{it}</th>
<th class="head">{bx}{it}</th>
<th class="head">{m}{n}</th>
<th class="head">{bx}{n}</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>aer</td>
<td>AE (Almost European)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>antt</td>
<td>Antykwa Torunska</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>cmr</td>
<td>Computer Modern Roman</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ccr</td>
<td>Concrete</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>cmbr</td>
<td>Computer Modern Bright</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>hlh</td>
<td>Lucida</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>hfor</td>
<td>CM with old-style digits</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>iwona</td>
<td>Iwona (sans serif)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>jkp</td>
<td>Kepler Serif</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>jkpl</td>
<td>Kepler Serif</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>jkpvos</td>
<td>Kepler Serif</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>jkplvos</td>
<td>Kepler Serif</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>llcmm</td>
<td>LXfonts (sans serif)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>lmr</td>
<td>Latin Modern Roman</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>mak</td>
<td>Kerkis</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>mdbch</td>
<td>Math Design Charter</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>mdput</td>
<td>Math Design Utopia</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>mdugm</td>
<td>Math Design Garamond</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>neohellenic</td>
<td>GFS Neohellenic</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>plcm</td>
<td>CM (PLaTeX)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ptmom</td>
<td>Times (Omega or MB-Times)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ptmomu</td>
<td>Times (Omega or MB-Times)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ptmcm</td>
<td>Times (psfont)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pxr</td>
<td>Palatino (pxfonts)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>qpl</td>
<td>Palatino/Pagella (qpxmath)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>qtm</td>
<td>Times/Termes (qtxmath)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>txr</td>
<td>Times (txfonts)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ywclm</td>
<td>(greektex)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zavm</td>
<td>Arev (Vera Sans-Serif)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zesfcm</td>
<td>(efont)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zplm</td>
<td>Palatino (mathpazo)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zpple</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ztmcm</td>
<td>Times (mathptmx)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zer</td>
<td>Computer Modern (zefonts)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Explanations:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>If there is an alias (substitution) from the text font to a math-variant,
only the text font is listed.</li>
<li>Many text fonts define substitutions also for {n}, however mapping to
an italic variant of the OML encoded font. These are not listed as
supporting {m}{n} or {bx}{n} here.</li>
</ul>
<p>The following fonts define <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmm</span></tt> as OML substitution. A better matching
substitution can be set with the <a class="reference internal" href="#rmdefault">rmdefault</a> option.</p>
<table border="1" class="booktab docutils" id="table-2">
<caption>Table 2: Non-CM fonts with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmm</span></tt> as OML substitution</caption>
<colgroup>
<col width="30%" />
<col width="70%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Family</th>
<th class="head">Name</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>bch</td>
<td>Charter (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pag</td>
<td>Avant Garde (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pbk</td>
<td>Bookman (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pcr</td>
<td>Courier (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>phv</td>
<td>Helvetica (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pnc</td>
<td>New Century Schoolbook (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ppl</td>
<td>Palatino (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ptm</td>
<td>Times Roman (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>put</td>
<td>Utopia (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pzc</td>
<td>Zapf Chancery (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>uag</td>
<td>Avant Garde (avantgar)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ubk</td>
<td>Bookman (bookman)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ucr</td>
<td>Courier (courier)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ucrs</td>
<td>Courier</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>unc</td>
<td>New Courier (nctrsbk)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>uni</td>
<td>Universal (universa)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>uhv</td>
<td>Helvetica (helvetic)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>upl</td>
<td>Palatino (palatino)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>utm</td>
<td>Times (times)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>uzc</td>
<td>Zapf Chancery (zapfchan)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conclusions-and-outlook">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">Conclusions and outlook</a></h2>
<p>It is hoped, that in the future more fonts families will support the OML
encoding in normal and bold weight as well as upright and italic shape.
This would be a major step towards the full support of the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf">Mathematical
Alphanumeric Symbols</a> Unicode block.</p>
<p>This is (relatively) easy to achieve via virtual fonts when the glyphs for
the Greek letters already exist (this is the case for many fonts where the
primary version is Unicode encoded). Examples are Latin Modern, Kerkis,
GFS-Neohellenic, LX-Fonts and KP-Serif.</p>
<p>Alternatively, T7 could be used for math alphabets (if it ever happens to
materialise).</p>
<p>Upright small Greek letters in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm</span></tt> would enable the specification of
Myons, Pions, alpha-particles, photons, and neutrinos without special
packages. (With <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a>, this is already possible today.)</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="implementation">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21">Implementation</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="identification">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22">Identification</a></h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{isomath}
[2008/06/23 v0.1 typeset math according to International Standard ISO 31]
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="requirements">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23">Requirements</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="fixmath">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24">fixmath</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> by Walter Schmidt defines Greek letters as symbols of type
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathalpha</span></tt> and takes them from the &quot;letters&quot; SymbolFont in
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathnormal</span></tt>. (It also defines the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt> alphabet, setting it to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmm</span></tt>. This definition will be overwritten with a configurable value for
the font family below.)</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\RequirePackage{fixmath}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ifthen">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25">ifthen</a></h3>
<p>The standard LaTeX package <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/ifthen.html">ifthen</a> provides the commands <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\ifthenelse</span></tt>,
and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\whiledo</span></tt>.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\RequirePackage{ifthen}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kvoptions">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26">kvoptions</a></h3>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/kvoptions.html">kvoptions</a> package in the <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/oberdiek.html">oberdiek</a> bundle facilitates the setup of
package options and provides a key=value interface (based on <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/keyval.html">keyval</a>):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\RequirePackage{kvoptions}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="options">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27">Options</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="rmdefault">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28">rmdefault</a></h3>
<p>Alternative math font family name for roman. The default is to use the
corresponding text font family (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\rmdefault</span></tt>) in OMS encoding.
<a class="reference internal" href="#table-2">Table 2</a> lists some fonts where a different setting is advised.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareStringOption[\rmdefault]{rmdefault}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="sfdefault">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29">sfdefault</a></h3>
<p>Alternative math font family name for sans-serif. The default is to use the
corresponding text font family (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\sfdefault</span></tt>) in OMS encoding.</p>
<p>Computer Modern Sans Serif (cmss) has no italic and bold variants in OMS
encoding. Nor have many derivatives (lmss, aess, ...).
Actually, there are only a few OML-encoded sans-serif fonts (all
slanted/italic):</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">zavm:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/arev.html">arev</a> (Vera Sans with math extension)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">cmbr:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a> (Computer Modern Bright, slightly lighter than cmss)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">iwona:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/iwona.html">iwona</a> (Humanistic Sans Serif)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">hvm:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/hvmath.html">hvmath</a> (Helvetica Math, commercial, free bitmap version)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">llcmm:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/lxfonts.html">lxfonts</a> (LX Fonts, very wide and quite eccentric, new in 2008)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>For many fonts (especially CM and related), <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[sfdefault=cmbr]</span></tt> is the
recommended setting.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareStringOption[\sfdefault]{sfdefault}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reusemathalphabets">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30">reuseMathalphabets</a></h3>
<p>The definition of <a class="reference internal" href="#new-math-alphabets">new math alphabets</a> can lead to a &quot;too many math
alphabets used in version normal&quot; error.</p>
<p>As a workaround, this option tells <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath</span></tt> to re-use the existing
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsf</span></tt> alphabets for italic bold and sans-serif.</p>
<p>To access the upright shapes, the corresponding <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\textbf</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\textsf</span></tt>
command can be used (remember that this toggles the math-mode off and might
use a different font).</p>
<p>Both standard and <a class="reference internal" href="#new-math-alphabets">new math alphabets</a> are in upright shape, if this option
is combined with the corresponding <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-math">OML math*</a> option.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareBoolOption{reuseMathalphabets}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="oml-math">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31">OML math*</a></h3>
<p>These options cause isomath to <a class="reference internal" href="#redefine-standard-alphabets">redefine standard alphabets</a> in OML
encoding.</p>
<p>With Greek letters defined as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathalpha</span></tt>, the math alphabets are
expected to be in <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>. OT1 encoded fonts have ligatures and
non-alpha symbols in place of the small Greek letters.</p>
<p>Setting these options enables access to small Greek letters in different
shapes with e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm{\pi}</span></tt>.
Currently, support for the <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a> is rather limited:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>only the <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a> fonts support <em>bold roman</em> in OML encoding, while</li>
<li>many font packages define an italic font as OML replacement for a roman
font.</li>
</ul>
<p>With some packages, these options can result in a &quot;too many math alphabets
used in version normal&quot; error.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathrm}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathbf}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathsf}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathtt}
</pre>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>Process the options with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kvoptions</span></tt> extensions:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\ProcessKeyvalOptions*
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="declarations">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32">Declarations</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="new-math-alphabets">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id33">New math alphabets</a></h3>
<p>The <cite>italic bold</cite> math alphabet is named <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt> in <a class="reference internal" href="#related-packages">related
packages</a>. For letters, this is the same as the bold version of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathnormal</span></tt>. With the <a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets">reuseMathalphabets</a> option, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathfb</span></tt> is
redefined and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt> made an alias (overwriting existing
definitions).</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\ifthenelse{\boolean{isomath&#64;reuseMathalphabets}}
{
  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathbf}{OML}{\isomath&#64;rmdefault}{bx}{it}
  \def\mathbold{\mathbf}
}
{
  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathbold}{OML}{\isomath&#64;rmdefault}{bx}{it}
}
</pre>
<p>For <cite>italic sans-serif</cite>, we either redefine <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsf</span></tt> (with
<a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets">reuseMathalphabets</a>) or, in analogy to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt>, we define the new
alphabet <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsans</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\ifthenelse{\boolean{isomath&#64;reuseMathalphabets}}
{
  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathsf}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{m}{it}
  \def\mathsans{\mathsf}
}
{
  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathsans}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{m}{it}
}
</pre>
<p>A <cite>sans serif slanted bold</cite> alphabet is needed for the tensor
symbols. As there is no standard math alphabet to re-use, we define the new
alphabet <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathboldsans</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathboldsans}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{bx}{it}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="redefine-standard-alphabets">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id34">Redefine standard alphabets</a></h3>
<p>Redefine standard alphabets in <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>
(if the corresponding <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-math">OML math*</a> option is true).</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\ifthenelse{\boolean{isomath&#64;OMLmathrm}}
{\SetMathAlphabet{\mathrm}{normal}{OML}{\isomath&#64;rmdefault}{n}{n}}{}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{isomath&#64;OMLmathbf}}
{\SetMathAlphabet{\mathbf}{normal}{OML}{\isomath&#64;rmdefault}{b}{n}}{}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{isomath&#64;OMLmathbf}}
{\SetMathAlphabet{\mathsf}{normal}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{n}{n}}{}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{isomath&#64;OMLmathtt}}
{\SetMathAlphabet{\mathtt}{normal}{OML}{\ttdefault}{n}{n}}{}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="command-aliases">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id35">Command aliases</a></h3>
<p>Define commands to typeset some symbol categories complying to
the ISO standard.</p>
<div class="section" id="vector-symbols">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id36">Vector symbols</a></h4>
<p>Symbols for vectors are <em>boldface italic</em>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\newcommand{\vectorsym}{\mathbold}
</pre>
<p>For easier writing or to make existing documents conform to the standard,
you might want to re-define the standard <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vec</span></tt> command after loading this
package (cf. the <a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a> section).</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="matrix-symbols">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id37">Matrix symbols</a></h4>
<p>Symbols for matrices are <em>boldface italic</em>, i. e. typeset in the same face as
vectors (see <a class="citation-reference" href="#typefaces" id="id7">[typefaces]</a>). <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id9" id="id8">[2]</a></p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\newcommand{\matrixsym}{\mathbold}
</pre>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id9" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id8">[2]</a></td><td>However, matrix symbols are usually capital letters whereas vectors
are small ones. Exceptions are physical Quantities like the force
vector F or the electrical field E.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tensor-symbols">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id38">Tensor symbols</a></h4>
<p>Symbols for tensors are <em>sans-serif bold italic</em>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\newcommand{\tensorsym}{\mathboldsans}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="font-mappings">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id39">Font mappings</a></h3>
<p>Some font packages provide a matching math font but do not define a
substitution in their <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.fd</span></tt> files.</p>
<p>We define the substitutions needed for the math alphabet definitions in this
package. Ideally, these should become part of a more complete set of
definitions in the package's fd file(s):</p>
<p>Mathpazo (Palatino) ppl -&gt; zplm</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{ppl}{\skewchar\font127}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ppl}{m}{it}{&lt;-&gt; ssub * zplm/m/it}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ppl}{bx}{it}{&lt;-&gt; ssub * zplm/b/it}{}
</pre>
<p>Arev (arev): fav -&gt; zavm</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{fav}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{fav}{m}{it}{&lt;-&gt;ssub * zavm/m/it}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{fav}{bx}{it}{&lt;-&gt;ssub * zavm/b/it}{}
</pre>
<p>LX Fonts (lxfonts): llcmss -&gt; llcmm</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{llcmss}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{llcmss}{m}{it}{&lt;-&gt; ssub * llcmm/m/it}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{llcmss}{bx}{it}{&lt;-&gt; ssub * llcmm/bx/it}{}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-end">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id40">The end</a></h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
\endinput
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="todo">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id41">TODO</a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsans</span></tt> definition &quot;increases symmetry&quot;. However, it adds a math
alphabet that is rarely (or not at all) used. Giving the limit of 16 math
alphabets, it might be better not to define it. Make it an option?</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="about-this-file">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id42">About this file</a></h2>
<p>The package documentation is included in the source file.</p>
<p>The bidirectional text &lt;-&gt; code converter <a class="reference external" href="http://pylit.berlios.de">PyLit</a> can be used to transform
the LaTeX package <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath.sty</span></tt> to a <a class="reference external" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructured Text</a> document
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath.sty.txt</span></tt> (and back again). To translate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath.sty.txt</span></tt> to
LaTeX or HTML, the Python <a class="reference external" href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">docutils</a> are required.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="references">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id43">References</a></h2>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="encguide" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">[encguide]</a></td><td><cite>LaTeX font encodings</cite>:
<a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf">http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="symbol-fonts" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id4">[symbol-fonts]</a></td><td><cite>On the use of italic and roman fonts for symbols in
scientific text</cite>, I.M. Mills and W.V. Metanomski (Revised December 1999):
<a class="reference external" href="http://old.iupac.org/standing/idcns/fonts_for_symbols.html">http://old.iupac.org/standing/idcns/fonts_for_symbols.html</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="green-book" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label">[Green-Book]</td><td><cite>Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry</cite>,
3rd edition, RSC Publishing, Cambridge 2007:
[ISBN 0 85404 433 7; ISBN-13 978 0 85404 433 7]</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="typefaces" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label">[typefaces]</td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id3">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id7">2</a>)</em> <cite>Typefaces for Symbols in Scientific Manuscripts</cite>:
<a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/Document/typefaces.pdf">http://physics.nist.gov/Document/typefaces.pdf</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="si-brochure" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id5">[SI-brochure]</a></td><td><cite>The International System of Units (SI)</cite>:
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/">http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- see also
[koma-mail] Custom font substitution: http://www.komascript.de/node/823 -->
<!-- Links -->
<!-- ***** -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>