1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.6: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
<title>isomath: Math for scientists</title>
<meta name="copyright" content="© 2008, 2009 Günter Milde" />
<style type="text/css">
/*
:Author: David Goodger (goodger@python.org)
:Id: $Id: html4css1.css 5951 2009-05-18 18:03:10Z milde $
:Copyright: This stylesheet has been placed in the public domain.
Default cascading style sheet for the HTML output of Docutils.
See http://docutils.sf.net/docs/howto/html-stylesheets.html for how to
customize this style sheet.
*/
/* used to remove borders from tables and images */
.borderless, table.borderless td, table.borderless th {
border: 0 }
table.borderless td, table.borderless th {
/* Override padding for "table.docutils td" with "! important".
The right padding separates the table cells. */
padding: 0 0.5em 0 0 ! important }
.first {
/* Override more specific margin styles with "! important". */
margin-top: 0 ! important }
.last, .with-subtitle {
margin-bottom: 0 ! important }
.hidden {
display: none }
a.toc-backref {
text-decoration: none ;
color: black }
blockquote.epigraph {
margin: 2em 5em ; }
dl.docutils dd {
margin-bottom: 0.5em }
/* Uncomment (and remove this text!) to get bold-faced definition list terms
dl.docutils dt {
font-weight: bold }
*/
div.abstract {
margin: 2em 5em }
div.abstract p.topic-title {
font-weight: bold ;
text-align: center }
div.admonition, div.attention, div.caution, div.danger, div.error,
div.hint, div.important, div.note, div.tip, div.warning {
margin: 2em ;
border: medium outset ;
padding: 1em }
div.admonition p.admonition-title, div.hint p.admonition-title,
div.important p.admonition-title, div.note p.admonition-title,
div.tip p.admonition-title {
font-weight: bold ;
font-family: sans-serif }
div.attention p.admonition-title, div.caution p.admonition-title,
div.danger p.admonition-title, div.error p.admonition-title,
div.warning p.admonition-title {
color: red ;
font-weight: bold ;
font-family: sans-serif }
/* Uncomment (and remove this text!) to get reduced vertical space in
compound paragraphs.
div.compound .compound-first, div.compound .compound-middle {
margin-bottom: 0.5em }
div.compound .compound-last, div.compound .compound-middle {
margin-top: 0.5em }
*/
div.dedication {
margin: 2em 5em ;
text-align: center ;
font-style: italic }
div.dedication p.topic-title {
font-weight: bold ;
font-style: normal }
div.figure {
margin-left: 2em ;
margin-right: 2em }
div.footer, div.header {
clear: both;
font-size: smaller }
div.line-block {
display: block ;
margin-top: 1em ;
margin-bottom: 1em }
div.line-block div.line-block {
margin-top: 0 ;
margin-bottom: 0 ;
margin-left: 1.5em }
div.sidebar {
margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em ;
border: medium outset ;
padding: 1em ;
background-color: #ffffee ;
width: 40% ;
float: right ;
clear: right }
div.sidebar p.rubric {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-size: medium }
div.system-messages {
margin: 5em }
div.system-messages h1 {
color: red }
div.system-message {
border: medium outset ;
padding: 1em }
div.system-message p.system-message-title {
color: red ;
font-weight: bold }
div.topic {
margin: 2em }
h1.section-subtitle, h2.section-subtitle, h3.section-subtitle,
h4.section-subtitle, h5.section-subtitle, h6.section-subtitle {
margin-top: 0.4em }
h1.title {
text-align: center }
h2.subtitle {
text-align: center }
hr.docutils {
width: 75% }
img.align-left, .figure.align-left{
clear: left ;
float: left ;
margin-right: 1em }
img.align-right, .figure.align-right {
clear: right ;
float: right ;
margin-left: 1em }
.align-left {
text-align: left }
.align-center {
clear: both ;
text-align: center }
.align-right {
text-align: right }
/* reset inner alignment in figures */
div.align-right {
text-align: left }
/* div.align-center * { */
/* text-align: left } */
ol.simple, ul.simple {
margin-bottom: 1em }
ol.arabic {
list-style: decimal }
ol.loweralpha {
list-style: lower-alpha }
ol.upperalpha {
list-style: upper-alpha }
ol.lowerroman {
list-style: lower-roman }
ol.upperroman {
list-style: upper-roman }
p.attribution {
text-align: right ;
margin-left: 50% }
p.caption {
font-style: italic }
p.credits {
font-style: italic ;
font-size: smaller }
p.label {
white-space: nowrap }
p.rubric {
font-weight: bold ;
font-size: larger ;
color: maroon ;
text-align: center }
p.sidebar-title {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-weight: bold ;
font-size: larger }
p.sidebar-subtitle {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-weight: bold }
p.topic-title {
font-weight: bold }
pre.address {
margin-bottom: 0 ;
margin-top: 0 ;
font: inherit }
pre.literal-block, pre.doctest-block {
margin-left: 2em ;
margin-right: 2em }
span.classifier {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-style: oblique }
span.classifier-delimiter {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-weight: bold }
span.interpreted {
font-family: sans-serif }
span.option {
white-space: nowrap }
span.pre {
white-space: pre }
span.problematic {
color: red }
span.section-subtitle {
/* font-size relative to parent (h1..h6 element) */
font-size: 80% }
table.citation {
border-left: solid 1px gray;
margin-left: 1px }
table.docinfo {
margin: 2em 4em }
table.docutils {
margin-top: 0.5em ;
margin-bottom: 0.5em }
table.footnote {
border-left: solid 1px black;
margin-left: 1px }
table.docutils td, table.docutils th,
table.docinfo td, table.docinfo th {
padding-left: 0.5em ;
padding-right: 0.5em ;
vertical-align: top }
table.docutils th.field-name, table.docinfo th.docinfo-name {
font-weight: bold ;
text-align: left ;
white-space: nowrap ;
padding-left: 0 }
h1 tt.docutils, h2 tt.docutils, h3 tt.docutils,
h4 tt.docutils, h5 tt.docutils, h6 tt.docutils {
font-size: 100% }
ul.auto-toc {
list-style-type: none }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="document" id="isomath-math-for-scientists">
<h1 class="title">isomath: Math for scientists</h1>
<table class="docinfo" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="docinfo-name" />
<col class="docinfo-content" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Copyright:</th>
<td>© 2008, 2009 Günter Milde</td></tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="docinfo-name">Licence:</th><td class="field-body">This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
conditions of the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt">LaTeX Project Public License</a>, either
version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any later version.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="abstract topic">
<p class="topic-title first">Abstract</p>
<p>The isomath package enables formatting Greek and Latin
letters as symbols for vectors, matrices, and tensors
in the typefaces recommended for scientific papers
by the International Standard ISO 31. For this, a <em>bold italic</em>
and a <em>sans-serif bold italic</em> math alphabet are defined.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#introduction" id="id17">Introduction</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#motivation" id="id18">Motivation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#features" id="id19">Features</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#usage" id="id20">Usage</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples" id="id21">Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#related-packages" id="id22">Related packages</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conflicts" id="id23">Conflicts</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#greek-in-math" id="id24">Greek in Math</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#unicode-math-support" id="id25">Unicode Math Support</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding" id="id26">OML font encoding</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#definition" id="id27">Definition</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#support" id="id28">Support</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conclusions-and-outlook" id="id29">Conclusions and outlook</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#implementation" id="id30">Implementation</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#identification" id="id31">Identification</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#history" id="id32">History</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#requirements" id="id33">Requirements</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fixmath-sty" id="id34">fixmath.sty</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#kvoptions-sty" id="id35">kvoptions.sty</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#options" id="id36">Options</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rmdefault" id="id37">rmdefault</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sfdefault" id="id38">sfdefault</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets" id="id39">reuseMathAlphabets</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#oml-math-alphabets" id="id40">OML math alphabets</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#process-options" id="id41">Process Options</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#declarations" id="id42">Declarations</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets" id="id43">Math alphabets</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mathbold" id="id44">mathbold</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mathsans" id="id45">mathsans</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mathboldsans" id="id46">mathboldsans</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#redefine-standard-alphabets" id="id47">Redefine standard alphabets</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-aliases" id="id48">Command aliases</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vectorsym" id="id49">\vectorsym</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#matrixsym" id="id50">\matrixsym</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tensorsym" id="id51">\tensorsym</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#font-mappings" id="id52">Font mappings</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#references" id="id53">References</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="introduction">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">Introduction</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="motivation">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">Motivation</a></h2>
<!-- Did you ever manage to write the stress tensor ``$\sigma$`` in a
*sans-serif bold italic* typeface, as recommended by [typefaces]_? -->
<p>Scientific organisations like <a class="reference external" href="http://www.iupap.org/">IUPAP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://iupac.org/">IUPAC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/">NIST</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.bipm.org/">BIPM</a>, and others
recommend typesetting math according to the International Standard ISO 31
<cite>Quantities and units</cite> <a class="citation-reference" href="#iso-31" id="id1">[ISO-31]</a>.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#id3" id="id2"><sup>1</sup></a></p>
<p>The traditional <cite>LaTeX math style</cite> deviates in some points from this rules:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vec</span></tt> command produces an array accent, while ISO 31 recommends
a <em>bold italic</em> typeface for vector symbols.</li>
<li>Greek letters are excluded from font changes with the math alphabets,
while the ISO 31 rules apply equally to letters from both the Greek
and the Latin alphabet.</li>
<li>There is no provision for typesetting of Greek letters in <em>bold italic</em>
style recommended for vectors.</li>
<li>There is no provision for typesetting letters in <em>sans-serif bold italic</em>
recommended for typesetting tensor symbols.</li>
</ul>
<p>Some of these points are adressed by <a class="reference internal" href="#related-packages">related packages</a>, however
there is currently no package (known to the author) that defines the
<em>sans-serif bold italic</em> math alphabet needed for tensor symbols.</p>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id3" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">[1]</a></td><td>Summaries of these rules are free available, see <a class="citation-reference" href="#typefaces" id="id4">[typefaces]</a>,
<a class="citation-reference" href="#checklist" id="id5">[checklist]</a>, <a class="citation-reference" href="#fonts-for-symbols" id="id6">[fonts-for-symbols]</a>, and <a class="citation-reference" href="#si-brochure" id="id7">[SI-brochure]</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="features">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">Features</a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath.sty</span></tt> package facilitates the task to abide with ISO 31 when
typesetting math with LaTeX:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Equal treatment of Latin and <a class="reference internal" href="#greek-in-math">Greek in math</a> via <a class="reference internal" href="#fixmath-sty">fixmath.sty</a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Greek letters change shape together with Latin letters if a different
math alphabet is used.</li>
<li>Uppercase Greek letters are typeset in italic style by default.</li>
<li>Upright Greek letters can be made available through the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm</span></tt>
and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf</span></tt> alphabets, if the corresponding fonts support the
<a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The <a class="reference internal" href="#command-aliases">command aliases</a> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vectorsym</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\matrixsym</span></tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\tensorsym</span></tt>
allow semantic markup. They print the argument in an ISO-conforming
typeface.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">For this, new <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a> are defined:</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt>:</th><td class="field-body"><em>boldface italic</em> (vector and matrix symbols),</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsans</span></tt>:</th><td class="field-body"><em>sans-serif italic</em> (optional),</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathboldsans</span></tt>:</th><td class="field-body"><em>sans-serif bold italic</em> (tensor symbols).</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The family for these fonts is by default taken from the document's
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\rmdefault</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\sfdefault</span></tt> values. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rmdefault=<family></span></tt> and
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sfdefault=<family></span></tt> <a class="reference internal" href="#options">options</a> can be used to override the defaults.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Missing <a class="reference internal" href="#font-mappings">font mappings</a> are defined for font families which have an OML
encoded counterpart but no substitution definition in their <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.fd</span></tt>
files.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="usage">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">Usage</a></h2>
<p>Make sure that LaTeX can find <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath.sty</span></tt> and insert the command
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\usepackage{isomath}</span></tt> in the document preamble.</p>
<p>For package options, see the <a class="reference internal" href="#options">Options</a> section below.</p>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21">Examples</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">In many cases (e.g. when <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\sfdefault</span></tt> expands to "cmss"), the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathboldsans</span></tt> alphabet is neither bold nor sans, as "cmss" has no OML
encoded variants and maps to "cmmi".</p>
<p>Use <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a> for sans-serif math alphabets:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\usepackage[sfdefault=cmbr]{isomath}
</pre>
<p>Define also a slanted sans-serif math alphabet:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\usepackage[sfdefault=cmbr,OMLmathsans]{isomath}
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Redefine the standard <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vec</span></tt> macro to typeset its argument in <cite>bold
italic</cite>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\usepackage[sfdefault=cmbr]{isomath}
\renewcommand{\vec}{\vectorsym}
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a> package provides an OML encoded <em>bold roman</em> font but does
not set it up for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\usepackage[charter]{mathdesign}
\usepackage[OMLmathbf,sfdefault=cmbr]{isomath}
</pre>
<p>Now, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf{\pi}</span></tt> produces a bold upright pi symbol.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="related-packages">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22">Related packages</a></h2>
<p>A set of packages at CTAN also defines Greek letters as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathalpha</span></tt> and
provide the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt> alphabet (in OML):</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/arev.html">arev</a> (Arev/Vera Sans)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a> (CM Bright)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/eulervm.html">eulervm</a> (Euler Math)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> (Computer Modern)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/hvmath.html">hvmath</a> (HV-Math/Helvetica)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/mathpazo.html">mathpazo</a> (Palatino)</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/tmmath.html">tmmath</a> (TM-Math/Times)</li>
</ul>
<p>This package requires and extends <a class="reference internal" href="#fixmath-sty">fixmath.sty</a>.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a> package provides <em>sans serif</em> and <em>sans-serif bold</em> fonts for
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsans</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathboldsans</span></tt> alphabets that match with Computer
Modern and derivatives.</p>
<div class="section" id="conflicts">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23">Conflicts</a></h3>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fourier.html">fourier</a> package for math typesetting with Utopia defines its own,
incompatible math font encodings. It cannot be used with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath</span></tt>
but provides other means to typeset upright or italic Greek (see its
documentation).<a class="footnote-reference" href="#id9" id="id8"><sup>2</sup></a></p>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/kpfonts.html">kpfonts</a>, <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/pxfonts.html">pxfonts</a>, and <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/txfonts.html">txfonts</a> packages define many additional
math alphabets the additional definitions in isomath lead to a "too many
math alphabets used in version normal" error. The error can be avoided with
the <a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets">reuseMathAlphabets</a> option.</p>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id9" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id8">[2]</a></td><td><p class="first">However, it is possible to use the symbols from <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fourier.html">fourier</a> together
with math alphabets from another package, e.g <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a>:</p>
<pre class="last literal-block">
\usepackage{fourier}
\usepackage[OMLmathbf,rmdefault=mdput,sfdefault=cmbr]{isomath}
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="greek-in-math">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24">Greek in Math</a></h2>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://iupac.org/">IUPAC</a>'s <a class="citation-reference" href="#fonts-for-symbols" id="id10">[fonts-for-symbols]</a> guide says:</p>
<blockquote>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="2">
<li>The overall rule is that symbols representing physical quantities (or
variables) are italic, but symbols representing units, or labels, are
roman. [...]</li>
<li>The above rule <strong>applies equally to letter symbols from both the Greek
and the Latin alphabet</strong>, although authors often appear to resist
putting Greek letters into italic.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>[emphasis by the author]. In contrast, the standard LaTeX style treats Greek
symbols as invariant operators with lower case italic and upper case upright.</p>
<div class="section" id="unicode-math-support">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25">Unicode Math Support</a></h3>
<p>The technical report <cite>Unicode Support for Mathematics</cite> <a class="citation-reference" href="#tr25" id="id11">[tr25]</a> lists
"lphanumeric symbols encountered in mathematics"in table 2 <cite>Mathematical
Alphabets</cite>.</p>
<p>The Unicode block <a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf">mathematical alphanumeric symbols</a> provides style
variants for Latin and Greek letters and digits. It is labelled "to be used
for mathematical variables where style variations are important
semantically".</p>
<table border="1" class="booktab docutils" id="table-1">
<caption>Styles in the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf">mathematical alphanumeric symbols</a>
Unicode block</caption>
<colgroup>
<col width="26%" />
<col width="6%" />
<col width="26%" />
<col width="42%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Style</th>
<th class="head">LGD<a class="footnote-reference" href="#id13" id="id12"><sup>3</sup></a></th>
<th class="head">LaTeX macro</th>
<th class="head">Package, Comment</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>bold</td>
<td>LGD</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf</span></tt></td>
<td>no Greek</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>italic</td>
<td>LG</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathit</span></tt></td>
<td>no Greek</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathnormal</span></tt></td>
<td>small Greek but
old-style roman Digits</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>bold italic</td>
<td>LG</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt></td>
<td>fixmath and friends</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boldsymbol</span></tt></td>
<td>ams</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>script</td>
<td>L</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathcal</span></tt> or</td>
<td>only capital Latin</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>(calligraphic)</td>
<td> </td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathscr</span></tt></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>bold script</td>
<td>L</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>fraktur</td>
<td>L</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathfrak</span></tt></td>
<td>eufrak</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>double-struck</td>
<td>L D</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbb</span></tt></td>
<td>bbold, mathbbol,
mbboard</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbbm</span></tt></td>
<td>bbm</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathds</span></tt></td>
<td>dsfont</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>bold fraktur</td>
<td>L</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>sans-serif</td>
<td>L D</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsf</span></tt></td>
<td>no Greek</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>sans-serif bold</td>
<td>LGD</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>sans-serif italic</td>
<td>L</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsans</span></tt></td>
<td>isomath</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>sans bold italic</td>
<td>LG</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathboldsans</span></tt></td>
<td>isomath</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>monospace</td>
<td>L D</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathtt</span></tt></td>
<td>no Greek</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><em>Not in the mathematical alphanumeric symbols block</em>:</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>plain</td>
<td>LGD</td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm</span></tt></td>
<td>no Greek</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathnormal</span></tt></td>
<td>capital Greek</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id13" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id12">[3]</a></td><td>LGD: <strong>L</strong>atin, <strong>G</strong>reek, <strong>D</strong>igits</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="oml-font-encoding">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26">OML font encoding</a></h3>
<p><em>OML</em> is the only established font encoding providing Latin and Greek
letters in one font. (The text font encoding <em>LGR</em> is Greek-only while <em>T7</em>
is just a "reserved name" for a standard Greek encoding.)</p>
<div class="section" id="definition">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27">Definition</a></h4>
<p>The <cite>LaTeX font encodings</cite> guide <a class="citation-reference" href="#encguide" id="id14">[encguide]</a> names OML <cite>TeX math italic</cite> and
defines:</p>
<blockquote>
The OML encoding contains italic Latin and Greek letters for use in
mathematical formulas (typically used for variables) together with some
symbols.</blockquote>
<p>However, the reference to <strong>italic</strong> letters seems to be a description of
the <em>state of the art</em> rather than a necessary restriction:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">There is only one OML encoded font in the Computer Modern fonts:
<cite>Computer Modern Math Italic</cite> (cmmi).</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Generally, font encodings (T1, OT1) are not specific to the font shape.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Both, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\DeclareSymbolFont</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\DeclareMathAlphabet</span></tt> require a
{<shape>} argument. Thus it is possible to set up OML encoded math
alphabets in roman {n} as well as italic {it} shape without conflicts.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">The name <cite>TeX math italic</cite> can be interpreted as "encoding <em>of</em> <cite>Computer
Modern Math Italic</cite>" rather than "encoding <em>for</em> math italic" fonts.</p>
<p>A less confusing name would be <cite>TeX math letters</cite> or <cite>Original/Old
Math Letters</cite>. The latter would also explain the acronym OML.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>A more inclusive definition would be:</p>
<blockquote>
The OML encoding contains Latin and Greek letters for use in mathematical
formulas (typically used for variables) together with some symbols.
It first appeared in the <cite>Computer Modern Math Italic</cite> (cmmi) font.</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="support">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28">Support</a></h4>
<p>Unfortunately, support for the OML encoding is missing for many font
families even if the base font contains all Greek letters.
Supported font families can be found searching for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">oml*.fd</span></tt> files and by
grepping for "DeclareFont.*OML", "SymbolFont.*OML" and "MathAlphabet.*OML"
in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.sty</span></tt> files.</p>
<table border="1" class="booktab docutils" id="table-2">
<caption>Fonts supporting the OML font encoding</caption>
<colgroup>
<col width="19%" />
<col width="40%" />
<col width="10%" />
<col width="12%" />
<col width="9%" />
<col width="10%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Name</th>
<th class="head">Family</th>
<th class="head">{m}{it}</th>
<th class="head">{bx}{it}</th>
<th class="head">{m}{n}</th>
<th class="head">{bx}{n}</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>aer</td>
<td>AE (Almost European)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>antt</td>
<td>Antykwa Torunska</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>cmr</td>
<td>Computer Modern Roman</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ccr</td>
<td>Concrete</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>cmbr</td>
<td>Computer Modern Bright</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>hlh</td>
<td>Lucida</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>hfor</td>
<td>CM with old-style digits</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>iwona</td>
<td>Iwona (sans serif)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>jkp</td>
<td>Kepler Serif</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>jkpl</td>
<td>Kepler Serif</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>jkpvos</td>
<td>Kepler Serif</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>jkplvos</td>
<td>Kepler Serif</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>llcmm</td>
<td>LXfonts (sans serif)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>lmr</td>
<td>Latin Modern Roman</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>mak</td>
<td>Kerkis</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>mdbch</td>
<td>Math Design Charter</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>mdput</td>
<td>Math Design Utopia</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>mdugm</td>
<td>Math Design Garamond</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>neohellenic</td>
<td>GFS Neohellenic</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>plcm</td>
<td>CM (PLaTeX)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ptmom</td>
<td>Times (Omega or MB-Times)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ptmomu</td>
<td>Times (Omega or MB-Times)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ptmcm</td>
<td>Times (psfont)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pxr</td>
<td>Palatino (pxfonts)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>qpl</td>
<td>Palatino/Pagella (qpxmath)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>qtm</td>
<td>Times/Termes (qtxmath)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>txr</td>
<td>Times (txfonts)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ywclm</td>
<td>(greektex)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zavm</td>
<td>Arev (Vera Sans-Serif)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zesfcm</td>
<td>(efont)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zplm</td>
<td>Palatino (mathpazo)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zpple</td>
<td> </td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ztmcm</td>
<td>Times (mathptmx)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td>zer</td>
<td>Computer Modern (zefonts)</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Explanations:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>If there is an alias (substitution) from the text font to a math-variant,
only the text font is listed.</li>
<li>Many text fonts define substitutions also for {n}, however mapping to
an italic variant of the OML encoded font. These are not listed as
supporting {m}{n} or {bx}{n} here.</li>
</ul>
<p>The following fonts define <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmm</span></tt> as OML substitution. A better matching
substitution can be set with the <a class="reference internal" href="#rmdefault">rmdefault</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#sfdefault">sfdefault</a> options.</p>
<table border="1" class="booktab docutils" id="table-3">
<caption>Non-CM fonts with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmm</span></tt> as OML substitution</caption>
<colgroup>
<col width="30%" />
<col width="70%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Family</th>
<th class="head">Name</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>bch</td>
<td>Charter (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pag</td>
<td>Avant Garde (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pbk</td>
<td>Bookman (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pcr</td>
<td>Courier (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>phv</td>
<td>Helvetica (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pnc</td>
<td>New Century Schoolbook (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ppl</td>
<td>Palatino (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ptm</td>
<td>Times Roman (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>put</td>
<td>Utopia (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>pzc</td>
<td>Zapf Chancery (psnfss)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>uag</td>
<td>Avant Garde (avantgar)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ubk</td>
<td>Bookman (bookman)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ucr</td>
<td>Courier (courier)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>ucrs</td>
<td>Courier</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>unc</td>
<td>New Courier (nctrsbk)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>uni</td>
<td>Universal (universa)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>uhv</td>
<td>Helvetica (helvetic)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>upl</td>
<td>Palatino (palatino)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>utm</td>
<td>Times (times)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>uzc</td>
<td>Zapf Chancery (zapfchan)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conclusions-and-outlook">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29">Conclusions and outlook</a></h3>
<p>It is hoped, that in the future more fonts families will support the OML
encoding in normal and bold weight as well as upright and italic shape.
This would be a major step towards a LaTeX equivalent of the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf">Mathematical
Alphanumeric Symbols</a> Unicode block.</p>
<p>This should be (relatively) easy to achieve via virtual fonts when the
glyphs for the Greek letters already exist. Examples are Latin Modern,
Kerkis, GFS-Neohellenic, LX-Fonts and KP-Serif.</p>
<p>Alternatively, the T7 encoding could be used for math alphabets (if it ever
happens to materialise).</p>
<p>Upright small Greek letters in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm</span></tt> would enable the specification of
the constant pi, Myons, Pions, alpha-particles, photons, and neutrinos
without special packages. (With <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a>, this is already possible
today.)</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="implementation">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30">Implementation</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="identification">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31">Identification</a></h2>
<pre class="literal-block">
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{isomath}
[2009/06/19 v0.3 typeset math according to International Standard ISO 31]
</pre>
<div class="section" id="history">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32">History</a></h3>
<table border="1" class="borderless docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="4%" />
<col width="17%" />
<col width="79%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>0.1</td>
<td>2008-09-25</td>
<td>first public version.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>0.2</td>
<td>2008-10-02</td>
<td>bugfix: a usage example was uncommented;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td>updated documentation;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td>define mathsans only if OMLmathsans is true;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td>option reuseMathalphabets -> reuseMathAlphabets.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>0.3</td>
<td>2009-06-19</td>
<td>documentation update;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td>fix OMLmathrm and OMLmathsans definitions;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td> </td>
<td>switch license to LPPL</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="requirements">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id33">Requirements</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="fixmath-sty">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id34">fixmath.sty</a></h3>
<p>The package <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> by Walter Schmidt defines Greek letters as symbols
of type <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathalpha</span></tt> and takes them from the "letters" SymbolFont in
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathnormal</span></tt> (as opposed to "operators" in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fontmath.ltx</span></tt>).</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> also defines the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt> alphabet, setting it to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmm</span></tt>.
However, this definition will be overwritten with a configurable value for
the font family below.)</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\RequirePackage{fixmath}
</pre>
<div class="caution">
<p class="first admonition-title">Caution!</p>
<p>After loading fixmath, placing Greek letters in a math alphabet, e.g.
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm{k\Omega}</span></tt>, can lead to garbage, as the standard math alphabets
are usually taken from OT1 encoded fonts that have ligatures and
non-alpha symbols in place of the small Greek letters.</p>
<p>If the chosen font supports the <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>, you can use the
options for <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-math-alphabets">OML math alphabets</a>. Otherwise, place Greek letters
outside the math alphabet command.</p>
<p class="last">Some packages provide <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\up*</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\var*</span></tt> macros for upright Greek
letters, e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm{k}\upOmega</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kvoptions-sty">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id35">kvoptions.sty</a></h3>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/kvoptions.html">kvoptions</a> package in the <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/oberdiek.html">oberdiek</a> bundle facilitates the setup of
package options and provides a key=value interface (based on <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/keyval.html">keyval</a>):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\RequirePackage{kvoptions}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="options">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id36">Options</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="rmdefault">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id37">rmdefault</a></h3>
<p>Alternative family for roman math fonts. The default is to use the
corresponding text font family (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\rmdefault</span></tt>) in OML encoding.
<a class="reference internal" href="#table-3">Table 3</a> lists some fonts where a different setting is advised.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareStringOption[\rmdefault]{rmdefault}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="sfdefault">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id38">sfdefault</a></h3>
<p>Alternative family for sans-serif math fonts. The default is to use the
corresponding text font family (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\sfdefault</span></tt>) in OML encoding.</p>
<p>Computer Modern Sans Serif (cmss) has no OML encoded variant. Nor have many
derivatives (lmss, aess, ...). Actually, there are only a few OML-encoded
sans-serif fonts (all slanted/italic):</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">zavm:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/arev.html">arev</a> (Vera Sans with math extension, large x-hight)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">cmbr:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/cmbright.html">cmbright</a> (Computer Modern Bright, slightly lighter than cmss)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">iwona:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/iwona.html">iwona</a> (Humanistic Sans Serif, some shapes very similar to roman)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">hvm:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/hvmath.html">hvmath</a> (Helvetica Math, commercial, free bitmap version)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">llcmm:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/lxfonts.html">lxfonts</a> (LX Fonts, very wide, excentric, large x-hight, new in 2008)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>For most fonts (especially CM and related), <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[sfdefault=cmbr]</span></tt> is the
recommended setting.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareStringOption[\sfdefault]{sfdefault}
</pre>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>TODO</dt>
<dd>Allow scaling?</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reusemathalphabets">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id39">reuseMathAlphabets</a></h3>
<p>The definition of new <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a> can lead to a "too many math
alphabets used in version normal" error.</p>
<p>As a workaround, this option tells <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isomath</span></tt> to re-use the existing
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsf</span></tt> alphabets for italic bold and sans-serif bold.</p>
<p>To access the upright shapes, the corresponding <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\textbf</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\textsf</span></tt>
commands might be used (however, this toggles the math-mode off and
might use a different font).</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareBoolOption{reuseMathAlphabets}
</pre>
<div class="caution">
<p class="first admonition-title">Caution!</p>
<p class="last">Do not use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">reuseMathAlphabets</span></tt> together with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">OMLmathbf</span></tt> or
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">OMLmathsf</span></tt> options.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="oml-math-alphabets">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id40">OML math alphabets</a></h3>
<p>With Greek letters defined as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathalpha</span></tt>, the math alphabets are
expected to be in <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>. Unfortunately, the standard math
alphabets are usually taken from OT1 encoded fonts that have ligatures and
non-alpha symbols in place of the small Greek letters.</p>
<p>The following options cause isomath to (re)define <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a> in OML
encoding:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathrm}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathbf}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathsf}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathsans}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathtt}
</pre>
<p>Setting these options enables access to small Greek letters in different
shapes with e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm{\pi}</span></tt> — <em>if an OML encoded font is available</em>.
Currently, support for the <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a> is rather limited:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>only the <a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a> fonts support roman in OML encoding, while</li>
<li>many font packages define an italic font as OML replacement for a roman
font.</li>
</ul>
<p>With some packages, these options can result in a "too many math alphabets
used in version normal" error.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="process-options">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id41">Process Options</a></h3>
<p>Process the options with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kvoptions</span></tt> extensions:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\ProcessKeyvalOptions*
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="declarations">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id42">Declarations</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="math-alphabets">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id43">Math alphabets</a></h3>
<p>In math, LaTeX uses "absolute" fontnames instead of a selection by family,
shape, and weight because typefaces have a semantic meaning <a class="citation-reference" href="#fntguide" id="id15">[fntguide]</a>.
This correlates with the <a class="reference internal" href="#unicode-math-support">Unicode math support</a> where the
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D400.pdf">mathematical alphanumeric symbols</a> block defines distinct Unicode
characters for Greek and Latin letters in different typefaces.</p>
<p>Isomath defines a math alphabet for every required font variant and
optionally re-defines the standard math alphabets in <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>.
Unfortunately, the number of math alphabets in one math version is limited
to 16, so we have to be carefull not to exceed this.</p>
<div class="section" id="mathbold">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id44">mathbold</a></h4>
<p>The <em>italic bold</em> math alphabet is named <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt> like in
<a class="reference internal" href="#related-packages">related packages</a>. With the <a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets">reuseMathAlphabets</a> option, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathfb</span></tt>
is redefined and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt> made an alias (overwriting existing
definitions):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\ifisomath@reuseMathAlphabets
\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathbf}{OML}{\isomath@rmdefault}{bx}{it}
\def\mathbold{\mathbf}
\else
\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathbold}{OML}{\isomath@rmdefault}{bx}{it}
\fi
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mathsans">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id45">mathsans</a></h4>
<p>For <em>italic sans-serif</em>, we define a new alphabet named <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsans</span></tt> (in
analogy to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbold</span></tt>). As this typeface is not required by ISO 31, it
is only defined if the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">OMLmathsans</span></tt> option is set:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\ifisomath@OMLmathsans
\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathsans}{OML}{\isomath@sfdefault}{m}{it}
\fi
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mathboldsans">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id46">mathboldsans</a></h4>
<p>A <em>sans serif slanted bold</em> alphabet is needed for tensor symbols. With the
<a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets">reuseMathAlphabets</a> option, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathsf</span></tt> is redefined and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathboldsans</span></tt>
made an alias:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\ifisomath@reuseMathAlphabets
\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathsf}{OML}{\isomath@sfdefault}{bx}{it}
\def\mathboldsans{\mathsf}
\else
\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathboldsans}{OML}{\isomath@sfdefault}{bx}{it}
\fi
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="redefine-standard-alphabets">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id47">Redefine standard alphabets</a></h4>
<p>Redefine standard alphabets in <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-font-encoding">OML font encoding</a>
if the corresponding <a class="reference internal" href="#oml-math-alphabets">OML math alphabets</a> option is true:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\ifisomath@OMLmathrm
\SetMathAlphabet{\mathrm}{normal}{OML}{\isomath@rmdefault}{m}{n}
\fi
\ifisomath@OMLmathbf
\SetMathAlphabet{\mathbf}{normal}{OML}{\isomath@rmdefault}{b}{n}
\fi
\ifisomath@OMLmathsf
\SetMathAlphabet{\mathsf}{normal}{OML}{\isomath@sfdefault}{m}{n}
\fi
\ifisomath@OMLmathtt
\SetMathAlphabet{\mathtt}{normal}{OML}{\ttdefault}{m}{n}
\fi
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="command-aliases">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id48">Command aliases</a></h3>
<p>The following macros allow semantic markup of mathematical symbols.
The argument is typeset as proposed by ISO 31 and <a class="citation-reference" href="#typefaces" id="id16">[typefaces]</a>.</p>
<div class="section" id="vectorsym">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id49">\vectorsym</a></h4>
<p>Symbols for vectors are typeset <em>boldface italic</em>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\newcommand{\vectorsym}{\mathbold}
</pre>
<p>For easier writing or to make existing documents conform to the standard,
you might want to re-define the standard <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vec</span></tt> command after loading this
package (cf. the <a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a> section).</p>
<p>Attention: Some fonts (CM, Latin Modern, ...) have old-style figures in
their math italic version. The Null vector must not be written <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\vec{0}</span></tt>
in this case. Use e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\mathbf{0}</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\boldsymbol{0}</span></tt> (with AMS math) or
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\bm{0}</span></tt> (with boldmath). The latter two variants provide also a failsafe
alias for a bold vector.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="matrixsym">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id50">\matrixsym</a></h4>
<p>Symbols for matrices are typeset <em>boldface italic</em>, i. e. in the same face
as vectors.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\newcommand{\matrixsym}{\mathbold}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tensorsym">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id51">\tensorsym</a></h4>
<p>Symbols for tensors are <em>sans-serif bold italic</em>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\newcommand{\tensorsym}{\mathboldsans}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="font-mappings">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id52">Font mappings</a></h3>
<p>Some font packages provide a matching math font but do not define a
substitution in their <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.fd</span></tt> files.</p>
<p>We define the substitutions needed for the math alphabet definitions in this
package. Ideally, these should become part of a more complete set of
definitions in the package's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*.fd</span></tt> files:</p>
<p>Mathpazo (Palatino) ppl -> zplm</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{ppl}{\skewchar\font127}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ppl}{m}{it}{<-> ssub * zplm/m/it}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ppl}{bx}{it}{<-> ssub * zplm/b/it}{}
</pre>
<p>Arev (see omlzavm.fd): fav -> zavm</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{fav}{\skewchar \font =127}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{fav}{m}{it}{<->ssub * zavm/m/it}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{fav}{bx}{it}{<->ssub * zavm/b/it}{}
</pre>
<p>LX Fonts (see lxfonts.sty): llcmss -> llcmm</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{llcmm}{\skewchar\font'177}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{llcmm}{m}{it}{<-> lcmmi8}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{llcmm}{bx}{it}{<-> lcmmib8}{}
\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{llcmss}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{llcmss}{m}{it}{<-> ssub * llcmm/m/it}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{llcmss}{bx}{it}{<-> ssub * llcmm/bx/it}{}
</pre>
<p>No declarations below this point:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
\endinput
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="references">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id53">References</a></h1>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="iso-31" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[ISO-31]</a></td><td>International Standard 31 <cite>Quantities and units</cite>,
(ISO 31-0:1992 to ISO 31-14:1992):
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=46202">http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=46202</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="typefaces" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label">[typefaces]</td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id4">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id16">2</a>)</em> <cite>Typefaces for Symbols in Scientific Manuscripts</cite>:
<a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/Document/typefaces.pdf">http://physics.nist.gov/Document/typefaces.pdf</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="checklist" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id5">[checklist]</a></td><td><cite>SI Unit rules and style conventions</cite>
Check List for Reviewing Manuscripts:
<a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html">http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="fonts-for-symbols" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label">[fonts-for-symbols]</td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id10">2</a>)</em> <cite>On the use of italic and roman fonts for symbols
in scientific text</cite>, (Revised December 1999):
<a class="reference external" href="http://old.iupac.org/standing/idcns/fonts_for_symbols.html">http://old.iupac.org/standing/idcns/fonts_for_symbols.html</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="si-brochure" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id7">[SI-brochure]</a></td><td><cite>The International System of Units (SI)</cite>:
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/">http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="encguide" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id14">[encguide]</a></td><td><cite>LaTeX font encodings</cite>:
<a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf">http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/macros/latex/doc/encguide.pdf</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="fntguide" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id15">[fntguide]</a></td><td><cite>LaTeX 2e font selection</cite>:
<a class="reference external" href="http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf">http://dante.ctan.org/CTAN/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils citation" frame="void" id="tr25" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id11">[tr25]</a></td><td><cite>Unicode Support for Mathematics</cite>, Unicode Technical Report #25:
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr25/">http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr25/</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- see also
[koma-mail] Custom font substitution: http://www.komascript.de/node/823
[Green-Book] `Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry`,
3rd edition, RSC Publishing, Cambridge 2007:
[ISBN 0 85404 433 7; ISBN-13 978 0 85404 433 7] -->
<!-- Links -->
<!-- ***** -->
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|
